1
|
Pan J, Ju Z, Ma X, Duan L, Jia Z. Genome-wide characterization of TCP family and their potential roles in abiotic stress resistance of oat ( Avena sativa L.). Front Plant Sci 2024; 15:1382790. [PMID: 38654900 PMCID: PMC11036127 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1382790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
The TCP gene family members play multiple functions in plant growth and development and were named after the first three family members found in this family, TB1 (TEOSINTE BRANCHED 1), CYCLOIDEA (CYC), and Proliferating Cell Factor 1/2 (PCF1/2). Nitrogen (N) is a crucial element for forage yield; however, over-application of N fertilizer can increase agricultural production costs and environmental stress. Therefore, the discovery of low N tolerance genes is essential for the genetic improvement of superior oat germplasm and ecological protection. Oat (Avena sativa L.), is one of the world's staple grass forages, but no genome-wide analysis of TCP genes and their roles in low-nitrogen stress has been performed. This study identified the oat TCP gene family members using bioinformatics techniques. It analyzed their phylogeny, gene structure analysis, and expression patterns. The results showed that the AsTCP gene family includes 49 members, and most of the AsTCP-encoded proteins are neutral or acidic proteins; the phylogenetic tree classified the AsTCP gene family members into three subfamilies, and each subfamily has different conserved structural domains and functions. In addition, multiple cis-acting elements were detected in the promoter of the AsTCP genes, which were associated with abiotic stress, light response, and hormone response. The 49 AsTCP genes identified from oat were unevenly distributed on 18 oat chromosomes. The results of real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) showed that the AsTCP genes had different expression levels in various tissues under low nitrogen stress, which indicated that these genes (such as AsTCP01, AsTCP03, AsTCP22, and AsTCP38) played multiple roles in the growth and development of oat. In conclusion, this study analyzed the AsTCP gene family and their potential functions in low nitrogen stress at the genome-wide level, which lays a foundation for further analysis of the functions of AsTCP genes in oat and provides a theoretical basis for the exploration of excellent stress tolerance genes in oat. This study provides an essential basis for future in-depth studies of the TCP gene family in other oat genera and reveals new research ideas to improve gene utilization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Zhifeng Jia
- Key Laboratory of Superior Forage Germplasm in the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, Qinghai Academy of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Sciences, Qinghai University, Xining, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Xu Y, Cheng J, Hu H, Yan L, Jia J, Wu B. Genome-Wide Identification of NAC Family Genes in Oat and Functional Characterization of AsNAC109 in Abiotic Stress Tolerance. Plants (Basel) 2024; 13:1017. [PMID: 38611546 PMCID: PMC11013824 DOI: 10.3390/plants13071017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2024] [Revised: 03/24/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
The plant-specific NAC gene family is one of the largest transcription factor families, participating in plant growth regulation and stress response. Despite extensive characterization in various plants, our knowledge of the NAC family in oat is lacking. Herein, we identified 333 NAC genes from the latest release of the common oat genome. We provide a comprehensive overview of the oat NAC gene family, covering gene structure, chromosomal localization, phylogenetic characteristics, conserved motif compositions, and gene duplications. AsNAC gene expression in different tissues and the response to various abiotic stresses were characterized using RT-qPCR. The main driver of oat NAC gene family expansion was identified as segmental duplication using collinearity analysis. In addition, the functions of AsNAC109 in regulating abiotic stress tolerance in Arabidopsis were clarified. This is the first genome-wide investigation of the NAC gene family in cultivated oat, which provided a unique resource for subsequent research to elucidate the mechanisms responsible for oat stress tolerance and provides valuable clues for the improvement of stress resistance in cultivated oat.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yahui Xu
- College of Agriculture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong 030801, China; (Y.X.); (J.C.)
| | - Jialong Cheng
- College of Agriculture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong 030801, China; (Y.X.); (J.C.)
| | - Haibin Hu
- Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Breeding, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Lin Yan
- Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Breeding, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Juqing Jia
- College of Agriculture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong 030801, China; (Y.X.); (J.C.)
| | - Bin Wu
- Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Breeding, Beijing 100081, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Zhou P, Liu Y, Yang M, Yan H. Genome-Wide Association Study Uncovers Genomic Regions Associated with Coleoptile Length in a Worldwide Collection of Oat. Genes (Basel) 2024; 15:411. [PMID: 38674348 PMCID: PMC11049438 DOI: 10.3390/genes15040411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Revised: 03/24/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The length of coleoptile is crucial for determining the sowing depth of oats in low-precipitation regions, which is significant for oat breeding programs. In this study, a diverse panel of 243 oat accessions was used to explore coleoptile length in two independent experiments. The panel exhibited significant variation in coleoptile length, ranging from 4.66 to 8.76 cm. Accessions from Africa, America, and the Mediterranean region displayed longer coleoptile lengths than those from Asia and Europe. Genome-wide association studies (GWASs) using 26,196 SNPs identified 34 SNPs, representing 32 quantitative trait loci (QTLs) significantly associated with coleoptile length. Among these QTLs, six were consistently detected in both experiments, explaining 6.43% to 10.07% of the phenotypic variation. The favorable alleles at these stable loci additively increased coleoptile length, offering insights for pyramid breeding. Gene Ontology (GO) analysis of the 350 candidate genes underlying the six stable QTLs revealed significant enrichment in cell development-related processes. Several phytochrome-related genes, including auxin transporter-like protein 1 and cytochrome P450 proteins, were found within these QTLs. Further validation of these loci will enhance our understanding of coleoptile length regulation. This study provides new insights into the genetic architecture of coleoptile length in oats.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Honghai Yan
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China; (P.Z.)
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Gazza L, Menga V, Taddei F, Nocente F, Galassi E, Natale C, Lanzanova C, Paone S, Fares C. Nutritional Traits, Pasting Properties and Antioxidant Profile of Selected Genotypes of Sorghum, Oat and Maize Eligible for Gluten-Free Products. Foods 2024; 13:990. [PMID: 38611296 PMCID: PMC11011531 DOI: 10.3390/foods13070990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Revised: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The technological and nutritional traits of food-grade sorghum hybrids, hulled/naked oat varieties and maize genotypes of different colors were studied for novel and healthier gluten-free foods. Oat genotypes showed the highest protein content, followed by maize and sorghum. The total starch and the total dietary fiber content were quite similar among the three species. Great variation was found in the amylose content, and the highest was in sorghum (27.12%), followed by oat 16.71% and maize 10.59%. Regarding the pasting profile, the rank of Peak Viscosity was sorghum (742.8 Brabender Unit, BU), followed by maize (729.3 BU) and oat (685.9 BU). Oat and sorghum genotypes had similar average breakdown (407.7 and 419.9 BU, respectively) and setback (690.7 and 682.1 BU, respectively), whereas maize showed lower values for both parameters (384.1 BU and 616.2 BU, respectively). The total antioxidant capacity, only in maize, significantly correlated with total flavonoid, phenolic and proanthocyanidin contents, indicating that all the measured compounds contributed to antioxidant capacity. The study indicated the importance of sounding out the nutritional and technological characteristics of gluten-free cereals in order to select suitable cultivars to be processed in different gluten-free foods with better and healthier quality.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Gazza
- CREA-IT Consiglio Per la Ricerca in Agricoltura e L’analisi Dell’economia Agraria Centro di Ricerca Ingegneria e Trasformazioni Agroalimentari, Via Manziana, 30, 00189 Roma, Italy; (L.G.); (F.T.); (F.N.); (E.G.); (C.N.)
| | - Valeria Menga
- CREA-CI Consiglio Per la Ricerca in Agricoltura e L’analisi Dell’economia Agraria Centro di Ricerca Cerealicoltura e Colture Industriali, S.S. 673, km 25.200, 71122 Foggia, Italy; (V.M.); (S.P.)
| | - Federica Taddei
- CREA-IT Consiglio Per la Ricerca in Agricoltura e L’analisi Dell’economia Agraria Centro di Ricerca Ingegneria e Trasformazioni Agroalimentari, Via Manziana, 30, 00189 Roma, Italy; (L.G.); (F.T.); (F.N.); (E.G.); (C.N.)
| | - Francesca Nocente
- CREA-IT Consiglio Per la Ricerca in Agricoltura e L’analisi Dell’economia Agraria Centro di Ricerca Ingegneria e Trasformazioni Agroalimentari, Via Manziana, 30, 00189 Roma, Italy; (L.G.); (F.T.); (F.N.); (E.G.); (C.N.)
| | - Elena Galassi
- CREA-IT Consiglio Per la Ricerca in Agricoltura e L’analisi Dell’economia Agraria Centro di Ricerca Ingegneria e Trasformazioni Agroalimentari, Via Manziana, 30, 00189 Roma, Italy; (L.G.); (F.T.); (F.N.); (E.G.); (C.N.)
| | - Chiara Natale
- CREA-IT Consiglio Per la Ricerca in Agricoltura e L’analisi Dell’economia Agraria Centro di Ricerca Ingegneria e Trasformazioni Agroalimentari, Via Manziana, 30, 00189 Roma, Italy; (L.G.); (F.T.); (F.N.); (E.G.); (C.N.)
| | - Chiara Lanzanova
- CREA-CI Consiglio Per la Ricerca in Agricoltura e L’analisi Dell’economia Agraria Centro di Ricerca Cerealicoltura e Colture Industriali, Via Stezzano, 24, 24126 Bergamo, Italy;
| | - Silvana Paone
- CREA-CI Consiglio Per la Ricerca in Agricoltura e L’analisi Dell’economia Agraria Centro di Ricerca Cerealicoltura e Colture Industriali, S.S. 673, km 25.200, 71122 Foggia, Italy; (V.M.); (S.P.)
| | - Clara Fares
- CREA-CI Consiglio Per la Ricerca in Agricoltura e L’analisi Dell’economia Agraria Centro di Ricerca Cerealicoltura e Colture Industriali, S.S. 673, km 25.200, 71122 Foggia, Italy; (V.M.); (S.P.)
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Hewitt TC, Henningsen EC, Pereira D, McElroy K, Nazareno ES, Dugyala S, Nguyen-Phuc H, Li F, Miller ME, Visser B, Pretorius ZA, Boshoff WHP, Sperschneider J, Stukenbrock EH, Kianian SF, Dodds PN, Figueroa M. Genome-Enabled Analysis of Population Dynamics and Virulence-Associated Loci in the Oat Crown Rust Fungus Puccinia coronata f. sp. avenae. Mol Plant Microbe Interact 2024; 37:290-303. [PMID: 37955552 DOI: 10.1094/mpmi-09-23-0126-fi] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
Puccinia coronata f. sp. avenae (Pca) is an important fungal pathogen causing crown rust that impacts oat production worldwide. Genetic resistance for crop protection against Pca is often overcome by the rapid virulence evolution of the pathogen. This study investigated the factors shaping adaptive evolution of Pca using pathogen populations from distinct geographic regions within the United States and South Africa. Phenotypic and genome-wide sequencing data of these diverse Pca collections, including 217 isolates, uncovered phylogenetic relationships and established distinct genetic composition between populations from northern and southern regions from the United States and South Africa. The population dynamics of Pca involve a bidirectional movement of inoculum between northern and southern regions of the United States and contributions from clonality and sexuality. The population from South Africa is solely clonal. A genome-wide association study (GWAS) employing a haplotype-resolved Pca reference genome was used to define 11 virulence-associated loci corresponding to 25 oat differential lines. These regions were screened to determine candidate Avr effector genes. Overall, the GWAS results allowed us to identify the underlying genetic factors controlling pathogen recognition in an oat differential set used in the United States to assign pathogen races (pathotypes). Key GWAS findings support complex genetic interactions in several oat lines, suggesting allelism among resistance genes or redundancy of genes included in the differential set, multiple resistance genes recognizing genetically linked Avr effector genes, or potentially epistatic relationships. A careful evaluation of the composition of the oat differential set accompanied by the development or implementation of molecular markers is recommended. [Formula: see text] Copyright © 2024 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tim C Hewitt
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Agriculture and Food, Canberra, ACT 2600, Australia
| | - Eva C Henningsen
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Agriculture and Food, Canberra, ACT 2600, Australia
| | - Danilo Pereira
- Christian Albrechts University of Kiel, 24118 Kiel, Germany
- Max Planck Institute of Evolutionary Biology, 24306 Plön, Germany
| | - Kerensa McElroy
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Agriculture and Food, Canberra, ACT 2600, Australia
| | - Eric S Nazareno
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108, U.S.A
| | - Sheshanka Dugyala
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108, U.S.A
| | - Hoa Nguyen-Phuc
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108, U.S.A
| | - Feng Li
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108, U.S.A
| | - Marisa E Miller
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108, U.S.A
| | - Botma Visser
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa
| | - Zacharias A Pretorius
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa
| | - Willem H P Boshoff
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa
| | - Jana Sperschneider
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Agriculture and Food, Canberra, ACT 2600, Australia
| | - Eva H Stukenbrock
- Christian Albrechts University of Kiel, 24118 Kiel, Germany
- Max Planck Institute of Evolutionary Biology, 24306 Plön, Germany
| | - Shahryar F Kianian
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108, U.S.A
- USDA-ARS Cereal Disease Laboratory, St. Paul, MN 55108, U.S.A
| | - Peter N Dodds
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Agriculture and Food, Canberra, ACT 2600, Australia
| | - Melania Figueroa
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Agriculture and Food, Canberra, ACT 2600, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Peng J, Liu S, Wu J, Liu T, Liu B, Xiong Y, Zhao J, You M, Lei X, Ma X. Genome-Wide Analysis of the Oat ( Avena sativa) HSP90 Gene Family Reveals Its Identification, Evolution, and Response to Abiotic Stress. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2305. [PMID: 38396983 PMCID: PMC10889330 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25042305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Oats (Avena sativa) are an important cereal crop and cool-season forage worldwide. Heat shock protein 90 (HSP90) is a protein ubiquitously expressed in response to heat stress in almost all plants. To date, the HSP90 gene family has not been comprehensively reported in oats. Herein, we have identified twenty HSP90 genes in oats and elucidated their evolutionary pathways and responses to five abiotic stresses. The gene structure and motif analyses demonstrated consistency across the phylogenetic tree branches, and the groups exhibited relative structural conservation. Additionally, we identified ten pairs of segmentally duplicated genes in oats. Interspecies synteny analysis and orthologous gene identification indicated that oats share a significant number of orthologous genes with their ancestral species; this implies that the expansion of the oat HSP90 gene family may have occurred through oat polyploidization and large fragment duplication. The analysis of cis-acting elements revealed their influential role in the expression pattern of HSP90 genes under abiotic stresses. Analysis of oat gene expression under high-temperature, salt, cadmium (Cd), polyethylene glycol (PEG), and abscisic acid (ABA) stresses demonstrated that most AsHSP90 genes were significantly up-regulated by heat stress, particularly AsHSP90-7, AsHSP90-8, and AsHSP90-9. This study offers new insights into the amplification and evolutionary processes of the AsHSP90 protein, as well as its potential role in response to abiotic stresses. Furthermore, it lays the groundwork for understanding oat adaptation to abiotic stress, contributing to research and applications in plant breeding.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jinghan Peng
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
- Sichuan Academy of Grassland Science, Chengdu 610097, China
| | - Siyu Liu
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Jiqiang Wu
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
- Sichuan Academy of Grassland Science, Chengdu 610097, China
| | - Tianqi Liu
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Boyang Liu
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Yi Xiong
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Junming Zhao
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Minghong You
- Sichuan Academy of Grassland Science, Chengdu 610097, China
| | - Xiong Lei
- Sichuan Academy of Grassland Science, Chengdu 610097, China
| | - Xiao Ma
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Pierzgalski A, Bryła M, Cramer B, Humpf HU, Twarużek M. Co-occurrence of T-2 and HT-2 Mycotoxins and α and β Anomers of Their Glucosides in Wheat and Oat Grains. J Agric Food Chem 2024; 72:3150-3159. [PMID: 38295269 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c07465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to simultaneously determine T-2 and HT-2 toxins and the α and β anomers of their glucosides to assess their content in wheat and oat grains harvested in Poland (2020-2022). Of 298 wheat samples, only 14 (5%) contained the sum of the T-2 and HT-2 toxins (average 34.2 μg/kg; 10.6-67.7 μg/kg). In oat (n = 129), these compounds were detected much more frequently (70% of samples) at an average level of 107.5 μg/kg (6.9-949.1 μg/kg). The sum of T-2 and HT-2 glucosides was detectable in 3% of the wheat (average 16.3 μg/kg; 7.1-39.4 μg/kg) and 65% of the oat samples (average 35.1 μg/kg; 4.0-624.1 μg/kg). Following the study, T-2-3-α-glucoside was identified as the only naturally occurring anomer, while both anomers of HT-2-3-glucosides were detected with higher contents and occurrence rates of HT-2-3-β-glucoside than the α anomer of this compound.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adam Pierzgalski
- Department of Food Safety and Chemical Analysis, Prof. Waclaw Dabrowski Institute of Agricultural and Food Biotechnology-State Research Institute, Rakowiecka 36, Warsaw 02-532, Poland
| | - Marcin Bryła
- Department of Food Safety and Chemical Analysis, Prof. Waclaw Dabrowski Institute of Agricultural and Food Biotechnology-State Research Institute, Rakowiecka 36, Warsaw 02-532, Poland
| | - Benedikt Cramer
- Institute of Food Chemistry, University of Münster, Corrensstr. 45, Münster 48149, Germany
| | - Hans-Ulrich Humpf
- Institute of Food Chemistry, University of Münster, Corrensstr. 45, Münster 48149, Germany
| | - Magdalena Twarużek
- Department of Physiology and Toxicology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Kazimierz Wielki University, Chodkiewicza 30, Bydgoszcz 85-064, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
McCarron R, Methven L, Grahl S, Elliott R, Lignou S. Oat-based milk alternatives: the influence of physical and chemical properties on the sensory profile. Front Nutr 2024; 11:1345371. [PMID: 38379545 PMCID: PMC10877596 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2024.1345371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Oat-based milk alternatives (OMAs) have become increasingly popular, perhaps due to their low allergenicity and preferred sensory attributes when compared to other milk alternatives. They may also provide health benefits from unique compounds; avenanthramides, avenacosides, and the dietary fibre beta-glucan. This has led to a variety of commercial options becoming available. Being a fairly new product, in comparison to other plant-based milk alternatives (PBMAs), means little research has been undertaken on the sensory profile, and how it is influenced by the physical and chemical properties. Methods This study investigated the sensory, physical and chemical profiles of current commercially available OMAs, that varied in fortification, use of stabilisers, and oat content. The volatile compounds and their respective aromas were analysed using solid phase microextraction followed by gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and gas chromatography-olfactometry (GC-O). Liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LC-MS) was used for identification of avenanthramides and avenacosides. Particle size and polydispersity index (PDI) were analysed using a Mastersizer and Zetasizer, respectively, with colour analysis carried out using a colourimeter, and viscosity measurements using a rheometer. Descriptive sensory profiling was used to assess the impact on the sensory characteristics of the different samples and the sensory data acquired were correlated with the instrumental data. Results Samples with smaller particle size appeared whiter-both instrumentally and perceptually. The only clear plastic packaged product differed substantially in volatile profile from all other products, with a higher abundance of many volatile compounds, and high overall perceived aroma. Avenanthramides and avenacosides were present in all samples, but differed significantly in abundance between them. Discussion The results suggested smaller particle size leads to whiter colour, whilst differences in processing and packaging may contribute to significant differences in aroma. Astringency did not differ significantly between samples, suggesting that the variation in the concentrations of avenacosides and avenanthramides were below noticeable differences.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Roisin McCarron
- Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, Harry Nursten Building, University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom
| | - Lisa Methven
- Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, Harry Nursten Building, University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom
| | | | - Ruan Elliott
- Department of Nutrition and Exercise Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom
| | - Stella Lignou
- Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, Harry Nursten Building, University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Henningsen E, Lewis D, Nguyen D, Sperschneider J, Kianian SF, Stone EA, Dodds P, Figueroa M. Virulence patterns of oat crown rust in Australia - season 2022. Plant Dis 2024. [PMID: 38277650 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-09-23-1973-sc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2024]
Abstract
Puccinia coronata f. sp. avenae (Pca) is an important foliar pathogen of oat which causes crown rust disease. The virulence profile of 48 Pca isolates derived from different locations in Australia was characterised using a collection of oat lines often utilised in rust surveys in the USA and Australia. This analysis indicates that Pca populations in Eastern Australia are broadly virulent, in contrast to the population in Western Australia (WA). Several oat lines/Pc genes are effective against all rust samples collected from WA, suggesting they may provide useful resistance in this region if deployed in combination. We identified 19 lines from the USA oat differential set that display disease resistance to Pca in WA, some in agreement with previous rust survey reports. We adopted the 10-letter nomenclature system to define oat crown rust races in Australia and compare the frequency of those virulence traits to published data from the USA. Based on this nomenclature, 42 unique races were detected among the 48 isolates, reflecting the high diversity of virulence phenotypes for Pca in Australia. Nevertheless, the Pca population in the USA is substantially more broadly virulent than that of Australia. Close examination of resistance profiles for the oat differential set lines after infection with Pca supports hypotheses of allelism or redundancy among Pc genes or the presence of several resistance genes in some oat differential lines. These findings illustrate the need to deconvolute the oat differential set using molecular tools.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eva Henningsen
- CSIRO, 2221, Agriculture and Food, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
- Australian National University, 2219, Research School of Biology, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia;
| | - David Lewis
- CSIRO, 2221, Agriculture and Food, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia;
| | - Duong Nguyen
- CSIRO, 2221, Agriculture and Food, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia;
| | - Jana Sperschneider
- CSIRO, 2221, Agriculture and Food, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia;
| | - Shahryar F Kianian
- USDA ARS, 17123, Cereal Disease Laboratory, St. Paul, Minnesota, United States;
| | - Eric A Stone
- Australian National University, 2219, Research School of Biology, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
- Australian National University, 2219, Biological Data Science Institute, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia;
| | - Peter Dodds
- CSIRO, 2221, Agriculture and Food, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia;
| | - Melania Figueroa
- CSIRO, 2221, Agriculture and Food, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia;
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Jiménez-Pulido IJ, Rico D, De Luis D, Martín-Diana AB. Combined Strategy Using High Hydrostatic Pressure, Temperature and Enzymatic Hydrolysis for Development of Fibre-Rich Ingredients from Oat and Wheat By-Products. Foods 2024; 13:378. [PMID: 38338514 PMCID: PMC10855855 DOI: 10.3390/foods13030378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Wheat bran (WB) and oat hull (OH) are two interesting undervalued cereal processing sources rich in total dietary fibre (TDF) and other associated bioactive compounds, such as β-glucans and polyphenols. The aim of this study was to optimise a combination chemical (enzymes) and physical (high hydrostatic pressure-temperature) strategies to increase the bioaccessibility of bioactive compounds naturally bound to the bran and hull outer layers. WB and OH were hydrolysed using food-grade enzymes (UltraFloXL and Viscoferm, for WB and OH, respectively) in combination with HPP at different temperatures (40, 50, 60 and 70 °C) and hydrolysis either before or after HPP. Proximal composition, phytic acid, β-glucans, total phenolics (TPs) and total antioxidant activity (TAC) were evaluated to select the processing conditions for optimal nutritional and bioactive properties of the final ingredients. The application of the hydrolysis step after the HPP treatment resulted in lower phytic acid levels in both matrices (WB and OH). On the other hand, the release of β-glucan was more effective at the highest temperature (70 °C) used during pressurisation. After the treatment, the TP content ranged from 756.47 to 1395.27 µmol GAE 100 g-1 in WB, and OH showed values from 566.91 to 930.45 µmol GAE 100 g-1. An interaction effect between the temperature and hydrolysis timing (applied before or after HPP) was observed in the case of OH. Hydrolysis applied before HPP was more efficient in releasing OH TPs at lower HPP temperatures (40-50 °C); meanwhile, at higher HPP temperatures (60-70 °C), hydrolysis yielded higher TP values when applied after HPP. This effect was not observed in WB, where the hydrolysis was more effective before HPP. The TP results were significantly correlated with the TAC values. The results showed that the application of optimal process conditions (hydrolysis before HPP at 60 or 70 °C for WB; hydrolysis after HPP at 70 °C for OH) can increase the biological value of the final ingredients obtained.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Iván Jesús Jiménez-Pulido
- Agrarian Technological Institute of Castilla and Leon (ITACyL), Ctra. Burgos Km 119, Finca Zamadueñas, 47071 Valladolid, Spain; (I.J.J.-P.); (A.B.M.-D.)
| | - Daniel Rico
- Agrarian Technological Institute of Castilla and Leon (ITACyL), Ctra. Burgos Km 119, Finca Zamadueñas, 47071 Valladolid, Spain; (I.J.J.-P.); (A.B.M.-D.)
| | - Daniel De Luis
- Endocrinology and Nutrition Research Centre, Medicine School, Service of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Universitary Clinic Hospital of Valladolid, University of Valladolid, Av. Ramón y Cajal, 3, 47003 Valladolid, Spain;
| | - Ana Belén Martín-Diana
- Agrarian Technological Institute of Castilla and Leon (ITACyL), Ctra. Burgos Km 119, Finca Zamadueñas, 47071 Valladolid, Spain; (I.J.J.-P.); (A.B.M.-D.)
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Xu W, Guo L, Wang C, Wei L, Wang Q, Ren Q, Yang X, Zhan C, Liang X, Wang J, Ren C. Transcriptome Analysis Reveals Drought-Responsive Pathways and Key Genes of Two Oat ( Avena sativa) Varieties. Plants (Basel) 2024; 13:177. [PMID: 38256731 PMCID: PMC10821294 DOI: 10.3390/plants13020177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 01/06/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
To cope with the yield loss caused by drought stress, new oat varieties with greater drought tolerance need to be selected. In this study, two oat varieties with different drought tolerances were selected for analysis of their phenotypes and physiological indices under moderate and severe soil drought stress. The results revealed significant differences in the degree of wilting, leaf relative water content (RWC), and SOD and CAT activity between the two oat genotypes under severe soil drought stress; moreover, the drought-tolerant variety exhibited a significant increase in the number of stomata and wax crystals on the surface of both the leaf and guard cells; additionally, the morphology of the guard cells was normal, and there was no significant disruption of the grana lamella membrane or the nuclear envelope. Furthermore, transcriptome analysis revealed that the expression of genes related to the biosynthesis of waxes and cell-wall components, as well as those of the WRKY family, significantly increased in the drought-tolerant variety. These findings suggest that several genes involved in the antioxidant pathway could improve drought tolerance in plants by regulating the increase/decrease in wax and cell-wall constituents and maintaining normal cellular water potential, as well as improving the ability of the antioxidant system to scavenge peroxides in oats.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Xu
- Agronomy College, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China; (W.X.); (Q.R.); (X.Y.); (X.L.)
- National Oat Improvement Center, Baicheng Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Baicheng 137000, China; (L.G.); (C.W.); (L.W.); (Q.W.); (C.Z.)
| | - Laichun Guo
- National Oat Improvement Center, Baicheng Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Baicheng 137000, China; (L.G.); (C.W.); (L.W.); (Q.W.); (C.Z.)
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, China
| | - Chunlong Wang
- National Oat Improvement Center, Baicheng Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Baicheng 137000, China; (L.G.); (C.W.); (L.W.); (Q.W.); (C.Z.)
| | - Liming Wei
- National Oat Improvement Center, Baicheng Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Baicheng 137000, China; (L.G.); (C.W.); (L.W.); (Q.W.); (C.Z.)
| | - Qiang Wang
- National Oat Improvement Center, Baicheng Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Baicheng 137000, China; (L.G.); (C.W.); (L.W.); (Q.W.); (C.Z.)
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, China
| | - Qinyong Ren
- Agronomy College, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China; (W.X.); (Q.R.); (X.Y.); (X.L.)
- National Oat Improvement Center, Baicheng Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Baicheng 137000, China; (L.G.); (C.W.); (L.W.); (Q.W.); (C.Z.)
| | - Xiwu Yang
- Agronomy College, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China; (W.X.); (Q.R.); (X.Y.); (X.L.)
- National Oat Improvement Center, Baicheng Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Baicheng 137000, China; (L.G.); (C.W.); (L.W.); (Q.W.); (C.Z.)
| | - Chao Zhan
- National Oat Improvement Center, Baicheng Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Baicheng 137000, China; (L.G.); (C.W.); (L.W.); (Q.W.); (C.Z.)
| | - Xiaotian Liang
- Agronomy College, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China; (W.X.); (Q.R.); (X.Y.); (X.L.)
- National Oat Improvement Center, Baicheng Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Baicheng 137000, China; (L.G.); (C.W.); (L.W.); (Q.W.); (C.Z.)
| | - Junying Wang
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Changzhong Ren
- Agronomy College, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China; (W.X.); (Q.R.); (X.Y.); (X.L.)
- National Oat Improvement Center, Baicheng Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Baicheng 137000, China; (L.G.); (C.W.); (L.W.); (Q.W.); (C.Z.)
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Liu W, Du S, Sun L, Wang Z, Ge G, Jia Y. Study on Dynamic Fermentation of Oat Silage Assisted by Exogenous Fibrolytic Enzymes. Plants (Basel) 2023; 13:6. [PMID: 38202317 PMCID: PMC10780392 DOI: 10.3390/plants13010006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Revised: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Based on the low content of water-soluble carbohydrate (WSC) and lactic acid bacteria (LAB) attachment in oat raw materials, we assumed that the neutral detergent fiber (NDF) content of oat can be reduced by adding cellulase or xylanase. The concentration of metabolizable sugars will be increased, which will assist the oat's bacterial community in fermentation and obtain a better quality of oat silage. After wilting the oat, it was treated as follows: (1) distributed water (CK); (2) silages inoculated with xylanase (X); and (3) silages inoculated with cellulase (C), ensiling for 3, 7, 14, 30, and 60 days. Cellulase and xylanase treatments both alter the fermentation and nutritional quality of ensiled oat, resulting in lower NDF, acid detergent fiber (ADF), cellulose, and hemicellulose contents, increased lactic acid and acetic acid contents, and a significant decrease in ensiling environment pH. The bacterial community undergoes significant changes with cellulase and xylanase treatments, with a significant increase in Lactobacillus abundance in the C_14, X_30, C_30, X_60, and C_60 treatment groups, while Weissella abundance gradually decreases with longer ensiling times. Two exogenous fibrolytic enzymes also alter the bacterial diversity of ensiled oat, with different bacterial species and abundances observed in different treatment groups. Ensiled oat treated with cellulase and xylanase experiences significant changes in its own bacterial community, particularly in the abundance of Lactobacillus. These changes result in improved fermentation and nutritional quality of oat, but the higher metabolism levels observed after 60 days of ensiling with cellulase treatment may lead to energy loss.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Forage Cultivation, Processing and High Efficient Utilization of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010019, China; (W.L.); (S.D.); (Z.W.); (G.G.)
- Key Laboratory of Grassland Resources, Ministry of Education, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010019, China
- Department of Grass Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, College of Grassland, Resources and Environment, South Campus, Hohhot 010019, China
| | - Shuai Du
- Key Laboratory of Forage Cultivation, Processing and High Efficient Utilization of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010019, China; (W.L.); (S.D.); (Z.W.); (G.G.)
- Key Laboratory of Grassland Resources, Ministry of Education, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010019, China
- Department of Grass Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, College of Grassland, Resources and Environment, South Campus, Hohhot 010019, China
| | - Lin Sun
- Inner Mongolia Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences, Hohhot 010031, China;
| | - Zhijun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Forage Cultivation, Processing and High Efficient Utilization of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010019, China; (W.L.); (S.D.); (Z.W.); (G.G.)
- Key Laboratory of Grassland Resources, Ministry of Education, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010019, China
- Department of Grass Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, College of Grassland, Resources and Environment, South Campus, Hohhot 010019, China
| | - Gentu Ge
- Key Laboratory of Forage Cultivation, Processing and High Efficient Utilization of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010019, China; (W.L.); (S.D.); (Z.W.); (G.G.)
- Key Laboratory of Grassland Resources, Ministry of Education, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010019, China
- Department of Grass Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, College of Grassland, Resources and Environment, South Campus, Hohhot 010019, China
| | - Yushan Jia
- Key Laboratory of Forage Cultivation, Processing and High Efficient Utilization of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010019, China; (W.L.); (S.D.); (Z.W.); (G.G.)
- Key Laboratory of Grassland Resources, Ministry of Education, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010019, China
- Department of Grass Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, College of Grassland, Resources and Environment, South Campus, Hohhot 010019, China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Dhakal R, Maimaitijiang M, Chang J, Caffe M. Utilizing Spectral, Structural and Textural Features for Estimating Oat Above-Ground Biomass Using UAV-Based Multispectral Data and Machine Learning. Sensors (Basel) 2023; 23:9708. [PMID: 38139554 PMCID: PMC10748049 DOI: 10.3390/s23249708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
Accurate and timely monitoring of biomass in breeding nurseries is essential for evaluating plant performance and selecting superior genotypes. Traditional methods for phenotyping above-ground biomass in field conditions requires significant time, cost, and labor. Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) offer a rapid and non-destructive approach for phenotyping multiple field plots at a low cost. While Vegetation Indices (VIs) extracted from remote sensing imagery have been widely employed for biomass estimation, they mainly capture spectral information and disregard the 3D canopy structure and spatial pixel relationships. Addressing these limitations, this study, conducted in 2020 and 2021, aimed to explore the potential of integrating UAV multispectral imagery-derived canopy spectral, structural, and textural features with machine learning algorithms for accurate oat biomass estimation. Six oat genotypes planted at two seeding rates were evaluated in two South Dakota locations at multiple growth stages. Plot-level canopy spectral, structural, and textural features were extracted from the multispectral imagery and used as input variables for three machine learning models: Partial Least Squares Regression (PLSR), Support Vector Regression (SVR), and Random Forest Regression (RFR). The results showed that (1) in addition to canopy spectral features, canopy structural and textural features are also important indicators for oat biomass estimation; (2) combining spectral, structural, and textural features significantly improved biomass estimation accuracy over using a single feature type; (3) machine learning algorithms showed good predictive ability with slightly better estimation accuracy shown by RFR (R2 = 0.926 and relative root mean square error (RMSE%) = 15.97%). This study demonstrated the benefits of UAV imagery-based multi-feature fusion using machine learning for above-ground biomass estimation in oat breeding nurseries, holding promise for enhancing the efficiency of oat breeding through UAV-based phenotyping and crop management practices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rakshya Dhakal
- Plant Breeding Graduate Program, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32608, USA;
| | - Maitiniyazi Maimaitijiang
- Department of Geography and Geospatial Sciences, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD 57007, USA;
| | - Jiyul Chang
- Department of Agronomy, Horticulture and Plant Science, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD 57007, USA;
| | - Melanie Caffe
- Department of Agronomy, Horticulture and Plant Science, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD 57007, USA;
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Zhang M, Jiang Y, Dong H, Shan X, Tian J, Sun M, Ma F, Ren C, Yuan Y. Transcriptomic response for revealing the molecular mechanism of oat flowering under different photoperiods. Front Plant Sci 2023; 14:1279107. [PMID: 38023932 PMCID: PMC10644674 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1279107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
Proper flowering is essential for the reproduction of all kinds of plants. Oat is an important cereal and forage crop; however, its cultivation is limited because it is a long-day plant. The molecular mechanism by which oats respond to different photoperiods is still unclear. In this study, oat plants were treated under long-day and short-day photoperiods for 10 days, 15 days, 20 days, 25 days, 30 days, 40 days and 50 days, respectively. Under the long-day treatment, oats entered the reproductive stage, while oats remained vegetative under the short-day treatment. Forty-two samples were subjected to RNA-Seq to compare the gene expression patterns of oat under long- and short-day photoperiods. A total of 634-5,974 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified for each time point, while the floral organ primordium differentiation stage showed the largest number of DEGs, and the spikelet differentiation stage showed the smallest number. Gene Ontology (GO) analysis showed that the plant hormone signaling transduction and hormone metabolism processes significantly changed in the photoperiod regulation of flowering time in oat. Moreover, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) and Mapman analysis revealed that the DEGs were mainly concentrated in the circadian rhythm, protein antenna pathways and sucrose metabolism process. Additionally, transcription factors (TFs) involved in various flowering pathways were explored. Combining all this information, we established a molecular model of oat flowering induced by a long-day photoperiod. Taken together, the long-day photoperiod has a large effect at both the morphological and transcriptomic levels, and these responses ultimately promote flowering in oat. Our findings expand the understanding of oat as a long-day plant, and the explored genes could be used in molecular breeding to help break its cultivation limitations in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Man Zhang
- Jilin Engineering Research Center for Crop Biotechnology Breeding, College of Plant Science, Jilin University, Changchun, China
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Jinlin Province, Baicheng Academy of Agricultural Science, Baicheng, China
| | - Yuan Jiang
- Jilin Engineering Research Center for Crop Biotechnology Breeding, College of Plant Science, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Haixiao Dong
- Jilin Engineering Research Center for Crop Biotechnology Breeding, College of Plant Science, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xiaohui Shan
- Jilin Engineering Research Center for Crop Biotechnology Breeding, College of Plant Science, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Juan Tian
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Jinlin Province, Baicheng Academy of Agricultural Science, Baicheng, China
| | - Moke Sun
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Jinlin Province, Baicheng Academy of Agricultural Science, Baicheng, China
| | - Feiyue Ma
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Jinlin Province, Baicheng Academy of Agricultural Science, Baicheng, China
| | - Changzhong Ren
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Jinlin Province, Baicheng Academy of Agricultural Science, Baicheng, China
| | - Yaping Yuan
- Jilin Engineering Research Center for Crop Biotechnology Breeding, College of Plant Science, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Konieczna W, Mierek-Adamska A, Chojnacka N, Antoszewski M, Szydłowska-Czerniak A, Dąbrowska GB. Characterization of the Metallothionein Gene Family in Avena sativa L. and the Gene Expression during Seed Germination and Heavy Metal Stress. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1865. [PMID: 37891944 PMCID: PMC10603854 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12101865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Metallothioneins (MTs) are a family of small proteins rich in cysteine residues. The sulfhydryl group of metallothioneins can bind to metal ions, maintaining metal homeostasis and protecting the cells from damage caused by toxic heavy metals. Moreover, MTs can function as reactive oxygen species scavengers since cysteine thiols undergo reversible and irreversible oxidation. Here, we identified 21 metallothionein genes (AsMTs) in the oat (Avena sativa L.) genome, which were divided into four types depending on the amino acid sequences of putative proteins encoded by identified genes. Analysis of promoter sequences showed that MTs might respond to a variety of stimuli, including biotic and abiotic stresses and phytohormones. The results of qRT-PCR showed that all four types of AsMTs are differentially expressed during the first 48 hours of seed germination. Moreover, stress induced by the application of zinc, cadmium, and a mixture of zinc and cadmium affects the expression of oat MTs variously depending on the MT type, indicating that AsMT1-4 fulfil different roles in plant cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wiktoria Konieczna
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Biological and Veterinary Sciences, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Lwowska 1, 87-100 Toruń, Poland; (W.K.); (M.A.)
- Centre for Modern Interdisciplinary Technologies, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Wileńska 4, 87-100 Toruń, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Mierek-Adamska
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Biological and Veterinary Sciences, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Lwowska 1, 87-100 Toruń, Poland; (W.K.); (M.A.)
- Centre for Modern Interdisciplinary Technologies, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Wileńska 4, 87-100 Toruń, Poland
| | - Natalia Chojnacka
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Biological and Veterinary Sciences, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Lwowska 1, 87-100 Toruń, Poland; (W.K.); (M.A.)
- Centre for Modern Interdisciplinary Technologies, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Wileńska 4, 87-100 Toruń, Poland
| | - Marcel Antoszewski
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Biological and Veterinary Sciences, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Lwowska 1, 87-100 Toruń, Poland; (W.K.); (M.A.)
- Centre for Modern Interdisciplinary Technologies, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Wileńska 4, 87-100 Toruń, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Szydłowska-Czerniak
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Applied Spectroscopy, Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Gagarina 7, 87-100 Toruń, Poland;
| | - Grażyna B. Dąbrowska
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Biological and Veterinary Sciences, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Lwowska 1, 87-100 Toruń, Poland; (W.K.); (M.A.)
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Darwish E, Ghosh R, Bentzer J, Tsardakas Renhuldt N, Proux-Wera E, Kamal N, Spannagl M, Hause B, Sirijovski N, Van Aken O. The dynamics of touch-responsive gene expression in cereals. Plant J 2023; 116:282-302. [PMID: 37159480 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.16269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/29/2023] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Wind, rain, herbivores, obstacles, neighbouring plants, etc. provide important mechanical cues to steer plant growth and survival. Mechanostimulation to stimulate yield and stress resistance of crops is of significant research interest, yet a molecular understanding of transcriptional responses to touch is largely absent in cereals. To address this, we performed whole-genome transcriptomics following mechanostimulation of wheat, barley, and the recent genome-sequenced oat. The largest transcriptome changes occurred ±25 min after touching, with most of the genes being upregulated. While most genes returned to basal expression level by 1-2 h in oat, many genes retained high expression even 4 h post-treatment in barley and wheat. Functional categories such as transcription factors, kinases, phytohormones, and Ca2+ regulation were affected. In addition, cell wall-related genes involved in (hemi)cellulose, lignin, suberin, and callose biosynthesis were touch-responsive, providing molecular insight into mechanically induced changes in cell wall composition. Furthermore, several cereal-specific transcriptomic footprints were identified that were not observed in Arabidopsis. In oat and barley, we found evidence for systemic spreading of touch-induced signalling. Finally, we provide evidence that both the jasmonic acid-dependent and the jasmonic acid-independent pathways underlie touch-signalling in cereals, providing a detailed framework and marker genes for further study of (a)biotic stress responses in cereals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Essam Darwish
- Department of Biology, Lund University, Sölvegatan 35, 223 62, Lund, Sweden
- Plant Physiology Section, Agricultural Botany Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ritesh Ghosh
- Department of Biology, Lund University, Sölvegatan 35, 223 62, Lund, Sweden
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Johan Bentzer
- ScanOats Industrial Research Centre, Department of Chemistry, Division of Pure and Applied Biochemistry, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Nikos Tsardakas Renhuldt
- ScanOats Industrial Research Centre, Department of Chemistry, Division of Pure and Applied Biochemistry, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Estelle Proux-Wera
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, National Bioinformatics Infrastructure Sweden, Science for Life Laboratory, Stockholm University, Box 1031, SE-17121, Solna, Sweden
| | - Nadia Kamal
- PGSB - Plant Genome and Systems Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Manuel Spannagl
- PGSB - Plant Genome and Systems Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Bettina Hause
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Weinberg 3, D06120, Halle, Germany
| | - Nick Sirijovski
- ScanOats Industrial Research Centre, Department of Chemistry, Division of Pure and Applied Biochemistry, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Olivier Van Aken
- Department of Biology, Lund University, Sölvegatan 35, 223 62, Lund, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Wang X, Liu L, Wang J, Tong T, Wu Y. [Temporal-spatial variations of root and soil nutrient under continuous intercropping of alfalfa and oat]. Ying Yong Sheng Tai Xue Bao 2023; 34:2683-2692. [PMID: 37897275 DOI: 10.13287/j.1001-9332.202310.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/30/2023]
Abstract
We investigated root and soil nutrient characteristics in the monoculture and continuous alfalfa/oat intercropping in the high-yield years by using soil filling and frame planting method in the field, and analyzed the relationship between root systems and soil nutrients. The results showed that intercropping reduced root weight and total root length proportion of oat in the 0-10 cm soil layer compared with the monoculture. However, intercropping significantly increased root weight and root surface area of oat in the 20-30 cm soil layer, root length and root density of alfalfa in the 10-20 cm soil layer, and the contents of available phosphorus and organic matter of the alfalfa/oat intercropping system in the 0-40 cm soil layer. As the planting years increased, total root length, root weight, root surface area, and proportion of root weight and root length of alfalfa in the 0-20 cm soil layer gradually increased in the intercropping system, and the root weight, total root length, root surface area, and root average diameter of oat increased, especially the root weight and root surface area of oat in the 20-30 cm soil layer. Moreover, the content of available nutrients in all soil layers decreased subsequently. In the alfalfa/oat intercropping system, continuous intercropping could significantly increase total root length of alfalfa in the 10-20 cm soil layer, improve root weight and root surface area of oat in the 20-40 cm soil layer (especially in the 20-30 cm soil layer). With the increases of planting years, intercropping intensified the absorption and competition of available nutrients by the roots of alfalfa and oat in the 0-40 cm soil layer, thereby reduced the accumulation of available nutrients in the soil.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xue Wang
- College of Pratacultural Science, Gansu Agricultural University/Key Laboratory of Pratacultural Ecosystem, Ministry of Education/Pratacultural Enginee-ring Laboratory of Gansu Province/Sino-US Center for Grazing Land Ecosystem Sustainability, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Liu Liu
- College of Pratacultural Science, Gansu Agricultural University/Key Laboratory of Pratacultural Ecosystem, Ministry of Education/Pratacultural Enginee-ring Laboratory of Gansu Province/Sino-US Center for Grazing Land Ecosystem Sustainability, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Jing Wang
- College of Pratacultural Science, Gansu Agricultural University/Key Laboratory of Pratacultural Ecosystem, Ministry of Education/Pratacultural Enginee-ring Laboratory of Gansu Province/Sino-US Center for Grazing Land Ecosystem Sustainability, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Tong Tong
- College of Pratacultural Science, Gansu Agricultural University/Key Laboratory of Pratacultural Ecosystem, Ministry of Education/Pratacultural Enginee-ring Laboratory of Gansu Province/Sino-US Center for Grazing Land Ecosystem Sustainability, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Yong Wu
- College of Pratacultural Science, Gansu Agricultural University/Key Laboratory of Pratacultural Ecosystem, Ministry of Education/Pratacultural Enginee-ring Laboratory of Gansu Province/Sino-US Center for Grazing Land Ecosystem Sustainability, Lanzhou 730070, China
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Warzecha T, Bocianowski J, Warchoł M, Bathelt R, Sutkowska A, Skrzypek E. Effect of Soil Drought Stress on Selected Biochemical Parameters and Yield of Oat × Maize Addition (OMA) Lines. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13905. [PMID: 37762208 PMCID: PMC10531036 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241813905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Plant growth and the process of yield formation in crops are moderated by surrounding conditions, as well as the interaction of the genetic background of plants and the environment. In the last two decades, significant climatic changes have been observed, generating unfavorable and harmful impacts on plant development. Drought stress can be considered one of the most dangerous environmental factors affecting the life cycle of plants, reducing biomass production and, finally, the yield. Plants can respond to water deficit in a wide range, which depends on the species, genetic variability within the species, the plant's ontogenesis stage, the intensity of the stress, and other potential stress factors. In plants, it is possible to observe hybrids between different taxa that certain traits adopted to tolerate stress conditions better than the parent plants. Oat × maize addition (OMA) plants are good examples of hybrids generated via wide crossing. They can exhibit morphological, physiological, and biochemical variations implemented by the occurrence of extra chromosomes of maize, as well as the interaction of maize and oat chromatin. The initial goal of the study was to identify OMA lines among plants produced by wide crossing with maize. The main goal was to investigate differences in OMA lines according to the Excised Leaf Water Loss (ELWL) test and to identify specific biochemical changes and agronomic traits under optimal water conditions and soil drought. Additionally, detection of any potential alterations that are stable in F2 and F3 generations. The aforementioned outcomes were the basis for the selection of OMA lines that tolerate growth in an environment with limited water availability. The molecular analysis indicated 12.5% OMA lines among all tested descendants of wide oat-maize crossing. The OMA lines significantly differ according to ELWL test results, which implies some anatomical and physiological adaptation to water loss from tissues. On the first day of drought, plants possessed 34% more soluble sugars compared to control plants. On the fourteen day of drought, the amount of soluble sugars was reduced by 41.2%. A significant increase of phenolic compounds was observed in the fourteen day of drought, an average of 6%, even up to 57% in line 9. Soil drought substantially reduced stem biomass, grains number, and mass per plant. Lower water loss revealed by results of the ELWL test correlated with the high yield of OMA lines. Phenolic compound content might be used as a biochemical indicator of plant drought tolerance since there was a significant correlation with the high yield of plants subjected to soil drought.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz Warzecha
- Department of Plant Breeding, Physiology and Seed Science, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Łobzowska 24, 31-140 Kraków, Poland; (T.W.); (R.B.); (A.S.)
| | - Jan Bocianowski
- Department of Mathematical and Statistical Methods, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 28, 60-637 Poznań, Poland
| | - Marzena Warchoł
- Department of Biotechnology, The Franciszek Górski Institute of Plant Physiology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Niezapominajek 21, 30-239 Kraków, Poland; (M.W.); (E.S.)
| | - Roman Bathelt
- Department of Plant Breeding, Physiology and Seed Science, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Łobzowska 24, 31-140 Kraków, Poland; (T.W.); (R.B.); (A.S.)
| | - Agnieszka Sutkowska
- Department of Plant Breeding, Physiology and Seed Science, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Łobzowska 24, 31-140 Kraków, Poland; (T.W.); (R.B.); (A.S.)
| | - Edyta Skrzypek
- Department of Biotechnology, The Franciszek Górski Institute of Plant Physiology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Niezapominajek 21, 30-239 Kraków, Poland; (M.W.); (E.S.)
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Sirotkin AV. The Effect of Dietary Oat Consumption and Its Constituents on Fat Storage and Obesity. Physiol Res 2023; 72:S157-S163. [PMID: 37565419 PMCID: PMC10660577 DOI: 10.33549/physiolres.934957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
This review is to summarize and analyze the currently available knowledge concerning the action of oat (Avena sativa L.) consumption on obesity, as well as possible constituents and extra- and intracellular mediators responsible for its anti-obesity effect. The oat constituents could reduce fat storage via several mediatory mechanisms - brain centers regulating appetite, gastrointestinal functions, gut bacteria, fat synthesis and metabolism and maybe via changes in oxidative processes, steroid hormones receptors and adipose tissue vascularization. Several oat constituents (starch, fiber and beta-glucan) could have anti-obesity properties, whilst one oat constituent (starch or fiber) could affect fat storage via several mechanisms of action.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A V Sirotkin
- Department of Zoology and Anthropology, Constantine the Philosopher University in Nitra, Nitra, Slovak Republic.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Gao Z, Bian J, Lu F, Jiao Y, He H. Triticeae crop genome biology: an endless frontier. Front Plant Sci 2023; 14:1222681. [PMID: 37546276 PMCID: PMC10399237 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1222681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
Triticeae, the wheatgrass tribe, includes several major cereal crops and their wild relatives. Major crops within the Triticeae are wheat, barley, rye, and oat, which are important for human consumption, animal feed, and rangeland protection. Species within this tribe are known for their large genomes and complex genetic histories. Powered by recent advances in sequencing technology, researchers worldwide have made progress in elucidating the genomes of Triticeae crops. In addition to assemblies of high-quality reference genomes, pan-genome studies have just started to capture the genomic diversities of these species, shedding light on our understanding of the genetic basis of domestication and environmental adaptation of Triticeae crops. In this review, we focus on recent signs of progress in genome sequencing, pan-genome analyses, and resequencing analysis of Triticeae crops. We also propose future research avenues in Triticeae crop genomes, including identifying genome structure variations, the association of genomic regions with desired traits, mining functions of the non-coding area, introgression of high-quality genes from wild Triticeae resources, genome editing, and integration of genomic resources.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoxu Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, School of Advanced Agriculture Sciences and School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Jianxin Bian
- Peking University Institute of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, Shandong Laboratory of Advanced Agricultural Sciences in Weifang, Shandong, China
| | - Fei Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- CAS-JIC Centre of Excellence for Plant and Microbial Science (CEPAMS), Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yuling Jiao
- Peking University Institute of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, Shandong Laboratory of Advanced Agricultural Sciences in Weifang, Shandong, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory for Protein and Plant Gene Research, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Center for Quantitative Biology, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hang He
- State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, School of Advanced Agriculture Sciences and School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Peking University Institute of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, Shandong Laboratory of Advanced Agricultural Sciences in Weifang, Shandong, China
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Liu M, Wang Z, Sun L, Wang Y, Li J, Ge G, Jia Y, Du S. Effects of different forage proportions in fermented total mixed ration on muscle fatty acid profile and rumen microbiota in lambs. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1197059. [PMID: 37520349 PMCID: PMC10374311 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1197059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective The objectives of this study were to evaluate the effects of different forage proportions in the fermented total mixed ration (FTMR) on growth performance, muscle fatty acid profile, and rumen microbiota of lambs. Methods Thirty 6-month-old small tail Han sheep × Ujumqin lambs with initial body weight (BW) of 27.8 ± 0.90 kg were selected for the test and divided into two groups of 15 sheep in each treatment (three pens per treatment and five lambs per pen) according to the principle of homogeneity. Two isoenergetic and isonitrogenous diets were formulated according to the NRC. The diet treatments were designed as (1) OH treatment containing 25% alfalfa hay and 35% oat hay, and (2) AH treatment containing 35% alfalfa hay with 25% oat hay. The forage-to-concentrate ratio for both diets was 65: 35 (DM basis). Three replicates were randomly selected from each treatment to determine growth performance, fatty acid profile and rumen bacterial communities in lambs. Results Results revealed no statistically significant (p > 0.05) differences in dry matter intake and average daily gain between the two diet groups. Cholesterol and intramuscular fat were significantly (p > 0.05) higher in the AH group, while no statistically significant difference (p > 0.05) was found in pH24 value. The muscle fatty acid compositions of lambs were obviously (p < 0.05) influenced by the diet treatments. Compared with the OH group, the C16:1, C17:0, and C20:3n6 contents were higher (p < 0.05) in the AH group, whereas the content of C18:1n9c, C20:1, C18:3n3, and C22:6n3 was obviously (p < 0.05) increased in the OH group. The monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA) contents were significantly higher in the OH group, whereas no significant differences (p > 0.05) were detected in saturated fatty acid (SFA) and polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) contents among the two diet treatments. Bacterial composition was generally separated into two clusters based on principal coordinate analysis, and the OH group had a higher Shannon index. The relative abundance at the genes level of the Rikenellaceae_RC9_gut_group was obviously (p < 0.05) increased in the AH group and the relative abundances of Prevotella_1, Fibrobacter, and Bacteroidales_UCG_001_unclassified were obviously (p < 0.05) enriched in the OH group. Integrated correlation analysis also underscored a possible link between the muscle fatty acid compositions and significantly altered rumen microbiota. Conclusion Overall, oat-based roughage in FTMR could promote a beneficial lipid pattern in the Longissimus lumborum muscles of lambs. These findings provide a potential insight into diet effects on fatty acid profile and the rumen microbiome of lambs, which may help make decisions regarding feeding.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mingjian Liu
- Key Laboratory of Forage Cultivation, Processing and High Efficient Utilization of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
- Key Laboratory of Grassland Resources of Ministry of Education, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
| | - Zhijun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Forage Cultivation, Processing and High Efficient Utilization of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
- Key Laboratory of Grassland Resources of Ministry of Education, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
| | - Lin Sun
- Inner Mongolia Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences, Hohhot, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Forage Cultivation, Processing and High Efficient Utilization of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
- Key Laboratory of Grassland Resources of Ministry of Education, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
| | - Junfeng Li
- Inner Mongolia Yili Industrial Group Co., Ltd., Hohhot, China
| | - Gentu Ge
- Key Laboratory of Forage Cultivation, Processing and High Efficient Utilization of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
- Key Laboratory of Grassland Resources of Ministry of Education, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
| | - Yushan Jia
- Key Laboratory of Forage Cultivation, Processing and High Efficient Utilization of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
- Key Laboratory of Grassland Resources of Ministry of Education, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
| | - Shuai Du
- Key Laboratory of Forage Cultivation, Processing and High Efficient Utilization of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
- Key Laboratory of Grassland Resources of Ministry of Education, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Sun L, Xue Y, Xiao Y, Te R, Wu X, Na N, Wu N, Qili M, Zhao Y, Cai Y. Community Synergy of Lactic Acid Bacteria and Cleaner Fermentation of Oat Silage Prepared with a Multispecies Microbial Inoculant. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0070523. [PMID: 37166312 PMCID: PMC10269639 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.00705-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023] Open
Abstract
To investigate community synergy of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) and cleaner fermentation of oat silage, oat silages were prepared with or without (control) commercial LAB inoculants LI1 (containing Lactiplantibacillus plantarum, Lentilactobacillus buchneri, Lacticaseibacillus paracasei, and Pediococcus acidilactici) and LI2 (containing Lactiplantibacillus plantarum and Lentilactobacillus buchneri). The microbial community, LAB synergy, and cleaner fermentation were analyzed at 1, 3, 6, 15, 35, and 90 days of ensiling. The LAB inoculant improved fermentation quality, with significantly (P < 0.05) lower pH, ammonia nitrogen content, and gas production and higher lactic acid and acetic acid contents than those of the control. Enterobacteriaceae was the main bacterial community in early stage of fermentation, which utilizes sugar to produce CO2 gas, causing dry matter (DM) and energy loss. As fermentation progressed, the microbial diversity decreased, and the microbial community shifted from Gram-negative to Gram-positive bacteria. The inoculation of multispecies LAB displayed community synergy; Pediococcus acidilactici formed a dominant community in the early stage of fermentation, which produced an acid and anaerobic environment for the subsequent growth of Lentilactobacillus and Lacticaseibacillus species, thus forming a LAB-dominated microbial community. The predicted functional profile indicated that the silage inoculated with LI1 enhanced the carbohydrate metabolism pathway but inhibited the amino acid metabolism pathway, which played a role in promoting faster lactic acid production, reducing the decomposition of protein to ammonia nitrogen, and improving the fermentation quality of silage. Therefore, oat silage can be processed to high-quality and cleaner fermented feed by using an LAB inoculant, and LI1 showed better efficiency than LI2. IMPORTANCE Oat natural silage is rich in Enterobacteriaceae, increasing gas production and fermentation loss. Lactic acid bacteria interact synergistically to form a dominant community during ensiling. Pediococci grow vigorously in the early stage of fermentation and create an anaerobic environment. Lactobacilli inhibit the harmful microorganisms and result in cleaner fermentation of oat silage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lin Sun
- Inner Mongolia Engineering Research Center of Development and Utilization of Microbial Resources in Silage, Inner Mongolia Academy of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Sciences, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yanlin Xue
- Inner Mongolia Engineering Research Center of Development and Utilization of Microbial Resources in Silage, Inner Mongolia Academy of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Sciences, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yanzi Xiao
- College of Agriculture and Forestry, Hulunbuir University, Hulunber, Inner Mongolia, People’s Republic of China
| | - Rigele Te
- Inner Mongolia Engineering Research Center of Development and Utilization of Microbial Resources in Silage, Inner Mongolia Academy of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Sciences, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaoguang Wu
- Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Land Surveying and Planning Institute, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, People’s Republic of China
| | - Na Na
- Inner Mongolia Engineering Research Center of Development and Utilization of Microbial Resources in Silage, Inner Mongolia Academy of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Sciences, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, People’s Republic of China
| | - Nier Wu
- Inner Mongolia Engineering Research Center of Development and Utilization of Microbial Resources in Silage, Inner Mongolia Academy of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Sciences, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, People’s Republic of China
| | - Moge Qili
- Inner Mongolia Engineering Research Center of Development and Utilization of Microbial Resources in Silage, Inner Mongolia Academy of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Sciences, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yi Zhao
- Inner Mongolia Engineering Research Center of Development and Utilization of Microbial Resources in Silage, Inner Mongolia Academy of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Sciences, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yimin Cai
- Japan International Research Center for Agricultural Sciences, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Zhang M, Qiu Z. Effects of aqueous extract from Baiyedancong-Oolong tea on cytochrome P450 enzymes activities, P-gp and OATs transport abilities and transcription levels in mice. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1136329. [PMID: 37229476 PMCID: PMC10205018 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1136329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Recent studies have been conducted on its influence on drug metabolism and its potential mechanisms, among which the most studies have been focused on CYP3A enzymes. Methods In this study, Baiyedancong Oolong tea (BOT) was processed by freeze- and hot air-drying techniques separately to obtain the aqueous extracts of freeze-and hot-dried BOT (FBOT and HBOT, respectively). High and low doses of FBOT (1463.7 and 292.74 mg/kg/d, respectively) and HBOT (1454.46 mg/kg/d, 290.89, respectively) were administered to mice for 7 days. Results Aqueous extracts from BOT simultaneously improved liver CYP3A, CYP2E1, and CYP2C37 activities and weakened the transport ability of P-gp and OATs in a dose-dependent manner, thus affecting multiple links of oral drug metabolism in liver, intestinal absorption and metabolism, and renal excretion. Moreover, aqueous extracts from BOT significantly increased the mRNA expressions of liver CYP3A11 and CYP2C37 as well as intestinal CYP3A11. Decreased transcription levels of MDR1 encoding P-gp in small intestine and renal OAT1 and OAT3, which was in the same direction as the regulation of the above enzyme activities and transport capacities. Besides, the transcription level of liver CYP2E1 was weakened, which was inconsistent with its corresponding enzyme activity, suggesting that the increased CYP2E1 activity may be caused by other mechanisms. Conclusion Daily consumption or high dose administration of BOT and its related products may affect drug absorption, metabolisms, and excretion.
Collapse
|
24
|
Soczynska I, da Costa BR, O'Connor DL, Jenkins DJA, Birken CS, Juando-Prats C, Maguire JL. Parent and physician beliefs, perceptions and knowledge of plant milks for children. Nutr Health 2023:2601060231171299. [PMID: 37157791 DOI: 10.1177/02601060231171299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Background: Parent and physician perceptions of plant milk are unclear. Aim: To explore parent and physician perceptions of plant milk for children and to gain a better understanding of why parents and physicians might choose plant milk for children. Methods: A mixed methods study was conducted using a questionnaire and interviews with parents and physicians participating in the TARGet Kids! cohort study. Questionnaire data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. Interview transcripts were analyzed using thematic analysis. Results: Parents reported a variety of reasons for choosing plant milk for their children including concerns around allergies, the environment, animal welfare, plant-based diet, health benefits, taste and hormones in cow's milk. Parents gave their children various types of plant milks and physicians provided various recommendations to parents of children not consuming cow's milk. Our study identified that 79% of parents and 51% of physicians were unaware that soy milk is the recommended cow's milk substitute for children. Additionally, 26% of parents did not know some plant milks are not fortified and can contain added sugar. Three main themes were identified from interviews about why parents and physicians may choose plant milk for children: (i) healthiness of plant milk; (ii) concerns about hormones; and (iii) environmental impacts. Conclusions: Parents and physicians choose the milk that they believe is healthiest for their child or patient. However, a lack of clarity on the effects of plant milk consumption on children's health resulted in conflicting views on whether plant milk or cow's milk is healthier for children.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Izabela Soczynska
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Canada
| | - Bruno R da Costa
- Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Canada
- Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit (CTSU), Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, UK
- Translational Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute, Toronto, Canada
| | - Deborah L O'Connor
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Translational Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute, Toronto, Canada
| | - David J A Jenkins
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Canada
- Clinical Nutrition and Risk Factor Modification Centre, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Canada
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Canada
| | - Catherine S Birken
- Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
- Child Health Evaluative Sciences, The Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute, Toronto, Canada
| | - Clara Juando-Prats
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Jonathon L Maguire
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Canada
- Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
- Child Health Evaluative Sciences, The Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute, Toronto, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Wang S, Meador KJ, Pawasauskas J, Lewkowitz AK, Ward KE, Brothers TN, Hartzema A, Quilliam BJ, Wen X. Comparative Safety Analysis of Opioid Agonist Treatment in Pregnant Women with Opioid Use Disorder: A Population-Based Study. Drug Saf 2023; 46:257-271. [PMID: 36642778 PMCID: PMC10363992 DOI: 10.1007/s40264-022-01267-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVE Receipt of opioid agonist treatment during early and late pregnancy for opioid use disorder may relate to varying perinatal risks. We aimed to assess the effect of time-varying prenatal exposure to opioid agonist treatment using buprenorphine or methadone on adverse neonatal and pregnancy outcomes. METHODS We conducted a retrospective cohort study of pregnant women with opioid use disorder using Rhode Island Medicaid claims data and vital statistics during 2008-16. Time-varying exposure was evaluated in early (0-20 weeks) and late (≥ 21 weeks) pregnancy. Marginal structural models with inverse probability of treatment weighting were applied. RESULTS Of 400 eligible pregnancies, 85 and 137 individuals received buprenorphine and methadone, respectively, during early pregnancy. Compared with 152 untreated pregnancies with opioid use disorders, methadone exposure in both periods was associated with an increased risk of preterm birth (adjusted odds ratio [aOR]: 2.52; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.07-5.95), low birth weight (aOR: 2.99; 95% CI 1.34-6.66), neonatal intensive care unit admission (aOR, 5.04; 95% CI 2.49-10.21), neonatal abstinence syndrome (aOR: 11.36; 95% CI 5.65-22.82), respiratory symptoms (aOR, 2.71; 95% CI 1.17-6.24), and maternal hospital stay > 7 days (aOR, 14.51; 95% CI 7.23-29.12). Similar patterns emerged for buprenorphine regarding neonatal abstinence syndrome (aOR: 10.27; 95% CI 4.91-21.47) and extended maternal hospital stay (aOR: 3.84; 95% CI 1.83-8.07). However, differences were found favoring the use of buprenorphine for preterm birth versus untreated pregnancies (aOR: 0.17; 95% CI 0.04-0.77), and for several outcomes versus methadone. CONCLUSIONS Methadone and buprenorphine prescribed for the treatment of opioid use disorder during pregnancy are associated with varying perinatal risks. However, buprenorphine may be preferred in the setting of pregnancy opioid agonist treatment. Further research is necessary to confirm our findings and minimize residual confounding.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Wang
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Pharmacy, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, 02881, USA
| | - Kimford J Meador
- Department of Neurology, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Jayne Pawasauskas
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Pharmacy, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, 02881, USA
| | - Adam K Lewkowitz
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Women and Infants Hospital of Rhode Island, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Kristina E Ward
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Pharmacy, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, 02881, USA
| | - Todd N Brothers
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Pharmacy, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, 02881, USA
| | - Abraham Hartzema
- Department of Pharmaceutical Outcomes and Policy, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Brian J Quilliam
- College of Health Sciences, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, USA
| | - Xuerong Wen
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Pharmacy, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, 02881, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Sinkovič L, Rakszegi M, Pipan B, Meglič V. Compositional Traits of Grains and Gr oats of Barley, Oat and Spelt Grown at Organic and Conventional Fields. Foods 2023; 12:foods12051054. [PMID: 36900571 PMCID: PMC10001039 DOI: 10.3390/foods12051054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Barley, oats, or spelt consumed as minimally processed whole grains provide several health benefits, especially when grown under organic field management conditions. Therefore, the effects of organic and conventional farming on the compositional traits (protein, fibre, fat, and ash) of barley, oat, and spelt grains and groats were compared using three winter barley varieties ('Anemone', 'BC Favorit', and 'Sandra'), two spring oat varieties ('Max' and 'Noni'), and three spelt varieties ('Ebners Rotkorn', 'Murska bela', and 'Ostro'). Groats were produced from harvested grains by a combination of threshing, winnowing, and brushing/polishing. Multitrait analysis showed significant differences between species, field management practices, and fractions, with clear compositional differences between organic and conventional spelt. Barley and oat groats had a higher thousand kernel weight (TKW) and β-glucan, but lower crude fibre, fat, and ash contents than the grains. The composition of the grains of the different species differed significantly for more traits (TKW, fibre, fat, ash, and β-glucan) than that of the groats (TKW and fat), while field management only affected the fibre content of the groats and the TKW, ash, and β-glucan contents of the grains. The TKW, protein, and fat contents of the different species differed significantly under both conventional and organic growing conditions, while the TKW and fibre contents of grains and groats differed under both systems. The caloric value of the final products of barley, oats, and spelt groats ranged from 334-358 kcal/100 g. This information will be useful for not only the processing industry, but also for breeders and farmers, and last, but not least, for consumers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lovro Sinkovič
- Crop Science Department, Agricultural Institute of Slovenia, Hacquetocva ulica 17, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +386-1-280-52-78
| | - Marianna Rakszegi
- Cereal Breeding Department, Agricultural Institute, Centre for Agricultural Research, Brunszvik u. 2, 2462 Martonvásár, Hungary
| | - Barbara Pipan
- Crop Science Department, Agricultural Institute of Slovenia, Hacquetocva ulica 17, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Vladimir Meglič
- Crop Science Department, Agricultural Institute of Slovenia, Hacquetocva ulica 17, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Bljahhina A, Pismennõi D, Kriščiunaite T, Kuhtinskaja M, Kobrin EG. Quantitative Analysis of Oat (Avena sativa L.) and Pea (Pisum sativum L.) Saponins in Plant-Based Food Products by Hydrophilic Interaction Liquid Chromatography Coupled with Mass Spectrometry. Foods 2023; 12. [PMID: 36900507 DOI: 10.3390/foods12050991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023] Open
Abstract
This work presents the sample extraction methods for solid and liquid sample matrices for simultaneous quantification of oat (Avena sativa L.) and pea (Pisum sativum L.) saponins: avenacoside A, avenacoside B, 26-desglucoavenacoside A, and saponin B and 2,3-dihydro-2,5-dihydroxy-6-methyl-4H-pyran-4-one (DDMP) saponin, respectively. The targeted saponins were identified and quantified using a hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography with mass spectrometric detection (HILIC-MS) method. The simple and high-throughput extraction procedure was developed for solid oat- and pea-based food samples. In addition, a very simple extraction procedure for liquid samples, without the need to use lyophilisation, was also implemented. Oat seed flour (U-13C-labelled) and soyasaponin Ba were used as internal standards for avenacoside A and saponin B, respectively. Other saponins were relatively quantified based on avenacoside A and saponin B standard responses. The developed method was tested and successfully validated using oat and pea flours, protein concentrates and isolates, as well as their mixtures, and plant-based drinks. With this method, the saponins from oat- and pea-based products were separated and quantified simultaneously within 6 min. The use of respective internal standards derived from U-13C-labelled oat and soyasaponin Ba ensured high accuracy and precision of the proposed method.
Collapse
|
28
|
Fu X, Bai M, Xu Y, Wang T, Hui Z, Hu X. Cultivars identification of oat ( Avena sativa L.) seed via multispectral imaging analysis. Front Plant Sci 2023; 14:1113535. [PMID: 36824197 PMCID: PMC9941542 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1113535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Cultivar identification plays an important role in ensuring the quality of oat production and the interests of producers. However, the traditional methods for discrimination of oat cultivars are generally destructive, time-consuming and complex. In this study, the feasibility of a rapid and nondestructive determination of cultivars of oat seeds was examined by using multispectral imaging combined with multivariate analysis. The principal component analysis (PCA), linear discrimination analysis (LDA) and support vector machines (SVM) were applied to classify seeds of 16 oat cultivars according to their morphological features, spectral traits or a combination thereof. The results demonstrate that clear differences among cultivars of oat seeds could be easily visualized using the multispectral imaging technique and an excellent discrimination could be achieved by combining data of the morphological and spectral features. The average classification accuracy of the testing sets was 89.69% for LDA, and 92.71% for SVM model. Therefore, the potential of a new method for rapid and nondestructive identification of oat cultivars was provided by multispectral imaging combined with multivariate analysis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiuzhen Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-ecosystems, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- Engineering Research Center of Grassland Industry, Ministry of Education, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Mengjie Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-ecosystems, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- Engineering Research Center of Grassland Industry, Ministry of Education, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yawen Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-ecosystems, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- Engineering Research Center of Grassland Industry, Ministry of Education, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Tao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-ecosystems, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- Engineering Research Center of Grassland Industry, Ministry of Education, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Zhenning Hui
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-ecosystems, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- Engineering Research Center of Grassland Industry, Ministry of Education, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xiaowen Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-ecosystems, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- Engineering Research Center of Grassland Industry, Ministry of Education, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Reiners S, Hebestreit S, Wedekind L, Kiehntopf M, Klink A, Rummler S, Glei M, Lorkowski S, Schlörmann W, Dawczynski C. Effect of a regular consumption of traditional and roasted oat and barley flakes on blood lipids and glucose metabolism-A randomized crossover trial. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1095245. [PMID: 36819683 PMCID: PMC9932717 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1095245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Regular consumption of the soluble dietary fiber β-glucan is associated with decreased total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol and blood glucose. Barley and oat flakes as natural sources of β-glucan were roasted to improve sensory quality. The aim of this study was to investigate whether roasting of barley and oat flakes changes the physiological impact of the β-glucan-rich flakes on glucose and lipid metabolism. Method A five-armed randomized crossover trial design was used. The intervention study was conducted from May 2018 to May 2019 and included 32 healthy subjects with moderately increased LDL cholesterol (≥2.5 mmol/L). During the 3-week intervention periods, 80 g of roasted or traditional barley or oat flakes, or four slices of white toast bread per day were consumed for breakfast. At the start and the end of each intervention, fasting and postprandial blood was taken. The intervention periods were separated by 3-week wash-out periods. Results During the interventions with the cereal flakes, TC and LDL cholesterol concentrations were significantly reduced compared to baseline values by mean differences of 0.27-0.33 mmol/L and 0.21-0.30 mmol/L, respectively (p < 0.05), while high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol was only reduced after the intervention with barley flakes (p < 0.05). After the intervention period with toast, TC and HDL cholesterol increased (p < 0.05). The fasting levels of triglycerides, fasting blood glucose and insulin did not change in any group. The effects of traditional and roasted varieties on blood lipids did not differ between the groups. Conclusion The regular consumption of traditional or roasted barley and oat flakes contributes to the management of cardiovascular diseases by improving TC and LDL cholesterol. Clinical trial registration https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03648112, identifier NCT03648112.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Reiners
- Junior Research Group Nutritional Concepts, Institute of Nutritional Sciences, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
- Competence Cluster for Nutrition and Cardiovascular Health (nutriCARD) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Jena, Germany
| | - Sandra Hebestreit
- Junior Research Group Nutritional Concepts, Institute of Nutritional Sciences, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Lisa Wedekind
- Institute of Medical Statistics, Computer and Data Sciences, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Michael Kiehntopf
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Anne Klink
- Institute of Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Silke Rummler
- Institute of Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Michael Glei
- Department of Nutritional Toxicology, Institute of Nutritional Sciences, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Stefan Lorkowski
- Competence Cluster for Nutrition and Cardiovascular Health (nutriCARD) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Jena, Germany
- Department of Nutritional Biochemistry and Physiology, Institute of Nutritional Sciences, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Wiebke Schlörmann
- Department of Nutritional Toxicology, Institute of Nutritional Sciences, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Christine Dawczynski
- Junior Research Group Nutritional Concepts, Institute of Nutritional Sciences, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
- Competence Cluster for Nutrition and Cardiovascular Health (nutriCARD) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Jena, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Sandoval-Ruiz R, Grabau ZJ. Management of Reniform Nematode in Cotton Using Winter Crop Residue Amendments Under Greenhouse Conditions. J Nematol 2023; 55:20230041. [PMID: 37868787 PMCID: PMC10590205 DOI: 10.2478/jofnem-2023-0041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Rotylenchulus reniformis (reniform nematode, RN) is among the most important nematodes affecting cotton. Cultural practices, such as rotation and soil amendment, are established methods for managing RN. Management may be enhanced if crop residue has biofumigant properties against RN. The objective was to evaluate the efficacy of winter crop amendments for managing RN in the greenhouse. Reniform nematode-infested soil was amended with dry or fresh organic matter (OM, 2% w/w) from winter crops - canola, carinata, hairy vetch, oat, or no crop. Cotton was subsequently grown in this soil. Independent of the crop, dry OM amendments were more effective than no amendment at managing RN, while fresh OM amendments were not. Soil and root RN abundances and reproduction factors were generally lower in Trials 1 and 3 for dry OM than fresh OM amendments or control without OM. In Trial 2, none of the OM treatments reduced RN parameters compared with no OM control. In general, when compared to plants without RN or OM, RN did not produce significant changes in growth parameters but did affect physiology (Soil Plant Analysis Development, or SPAD, values). In conclusion, dry OM amendments can help manage RN, crop growth does not always relate to RN abundances, and SPAD values could help indicate RN presence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rebeca Sandoval-Ruiz
- Entomology and Nematology Department, University of Florida, 1881 Natural Area Drive, Gainesville, FL32611, United States
| | - Zane J. Grabau
- Entomology and Nematology Department, University of Florida, 1881 Natural Area Drive, Gainesville, FL32611, United States
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Sandoval-Ruiz R, Grabau ZJ. Reniform Nematode Management Using Winter Crop Rotation and Residue Incorporation Methods in Greenhouse Experiments. J Nematol 2023; 55:20230035. [PMID: 37712053 PMCID: PMC10499337 DOI: 10.2478/jofnem-2023-0035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Rotylenchulus reniformis (reniform nematode, RN) is an important pathogen in cotton production. Cultural practices such as crop rotation and biofumigation-management of soil pathogens by biocidal compounds from crop residues-may help manage RN. The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of winter crops for RN management through combinations of rotation and crop residue incorporation in a cotton greenhouse experiment. A total of 10 treatments were evaluated in soil inoculated with RN: three winter crops (carinata, oat, or hairy vetch) grown in rotation with no shoot organic matter (OM) incorporated (1-3), fresh shoot OM incorporated (4-6), or dry shoot OM incorporated (7-9), and a fallow control (10). Roots were re-incorporated in all treatments except fallow. Subsequently, cotton was grown. Oat and fallow were better rotation crops to lower soil RN abundances at winter crop termination than hairy vetch and carinata. After the OM incorporation treatments and cotton growth, oat was generally more effective at managing RN in cotton than carinata or hairy vetch. Within each crop, incorporation treatment generally did not affect RN management. Cotton growth was not consistently affected by the treatments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rebeca Sandoval-Ruiz
- Entomology and Nematology Department, University of Florida1881 Natural Area Drive, Gainesville, FL32611, United States
| | - Zane J. Grabau
- Entomology and Nematology Department, University of Florida1881 Natural Area Drive, Gainesville, FL32611, United States
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Khairullina A, Micic N, Jørgensen HJL, Bjarnholt N, Bülow L, Collinge DB, Jensen B. Biocontrol Effect of Clonostachys rosea on Fusarium graminearum Infection and Mycotoxin Detoxification in Oat ( Avena sativa). Plants (Basel) 2023; 12:plants12030500. [PMID: 36771583 PMCID: PMC9918947 DOI: 10.3390/plants12030500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Oat (Avena sativa) is susceptible to Fusarium head blight (FHB). The quality of oat grain is threatened by the accumulation of mycotoxins, particularly the trichothecene deoxynivalenol (DON), which also acts as a virulence factor for the main pathogen Fusarium graminearum. The plant can defend itself, e.g., by DON detoxification by UGT-glycosyltransferases (UTGs) and accumulation of PR-proteins, even though these mechanisms do not deliver effective levels of resistance. We studied the ability of the fungal biocontrol agent (BCA) Clonostachys rosea to reduce FHB and mycotoxin accumulation. Greenhouse trials showed that C. rosea-inoculation of oat spikelets at anthesis 3 days prior to F. graminearum inoculation reduced both the amount of Fusarium DNA (79%) and DON level (80%) in mature oat kernels substantially. DON applied to C. rosea-treated spikelets resulted in higher conversion of DON to DON-3-Glc than in mock treated plants. Moreover, there was a significant enhancement of expression of two oat UGT-glycosyltransferase genes in C. rosea-treated oat. In addition, C. rosea treatment activated expression of genes encoding four PR-proteins and a WRKY23-like transcription factor, suggesting that C. rosea may induce resistance in oat. Thus, C. rosea IK726 has strong potential to be used as a BCA against FHB in oat as it inhibits F. graminearum infection effectively, whilst detoxifying DON mycotoxin rapidly.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alfia Khairullina
- Division of Pure and Applied Biochemistry, Lund University, 221 00 Lund, Sweden
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences and Copenhagen Plant Science Centre, University of Copenhagen, DK-1871 Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Nikola Micic
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences and Copenhagen Plant Science Centre, University of Copenhagen, DK-1871 Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Hans J. Lyngs Jørgensen
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences and Copenhagen Plant Science Centre, University of Copenhagen, DK-1871 Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Nanna Bjarnholt
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences and Copenhagen Plant Science Centre, University of Copenhagen, DK-1871 Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Leif Bülow
- Division of Pure and Applied Biochemistry, Lund University, 221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - David B. Collinge
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences and Copenhagen Plant Science Centre, University of Copenhagen, DK-1871 Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Birgit Jensen
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences and Copenhagen Plant Science Centre, University of Copenhagen, DK-1871 Frederiksberg, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Tahir M, Li J, Xin Y, Wang T, Chen C, Zhong Y, Zhang L, Liu H, He Y, Wen X, Yan Y. Response of fermentation quality and microbial community of oat silage to homofermentative lactic acid bacteria inoculation. Front Microbiol 2023; 13:1091394. [PMID: 36741901 PMCID: PMC9895785 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1091394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Oat (Avena sativa L.) is one of the important forage crops in the world. However, oat grown in Southwest China has higher moisture content and their preservation face significant challenges. In addition, existing commercial lactic acid bacteria (LAB) have poor fermentation effects in hot and humid regions. Consequently, the current study investigated the response of oat fermentation quality and microbial community to self-selected LAB inoculation. The treatments were: CK, sterilized water; LP694, Lactobacillus plantarum 694; LR753, Lactobacillus rhamnosus 753; and LPLR, LP694 combined with LR753, followed by 1, 3, 7, 14, and 60 days (d) of fermentation. The results showed that LAB inoculation significantly raised the lactic acid content, and decreased the level of pH value, acetic acid, and ammonia-N in oat silage. The LR753 group had a significantly higher (p < 0.05) lactic acid content (60.95 g kg-1 DM), and lower pH value (3.95) and ammonia-N content (10.1 g kg-1 DM) followed by the LPLR group. The LR753 showed lower NDF (54.60% DM) and ADF (39.73% DM) contents than other groups. The Lactobacillus was a prevalent genus in LAB-treated groups, and its relative abundance reached maximum in LP694 (69%) on day 3, while in the LR753 group (72%) on 60 days. The Lactobacillus rhamnosus, Lactobacillus plantarum, and Lactobacillus fermentum became the dominant species in LAB-treated groups with fermentation time. The Lactobacillus genus was positively correlated with WSC (R = 0.6, p < 0.05), while negatively correlated with pH (R = -0.5, p < 0.05), and BA (R = -0.5, p < 0.01). Overall, the LR753 group had better fermentation quality and preservation of nutritional components providing theoretical support and guidance for future oat silage production in Southwest China.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Tahir
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China,State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China,School of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jiayi Li
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yafen Xin
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Tianwei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chen Chen
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yihao Zhong
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Haiping Liu
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yaling He
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xingjin Wen
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yanhong Yan
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China,*Correspondence: Yanhong Yan,
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Martínez-Padilla E, Faber I, Petersen IL, Vargas-Bello-Pérez E. Perceptions toward Plant-Based Milk Alternatives among Young Adult Consumers and Non-Consumers in Denmark: An Exploratory Study. Foods 2023; 12:foods12020385. [PMID: 36673476 PMCID: PMC9858389 DOI: 10.3390/foods12020385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to determine associations among plant-based milk alternatives (PBMAs), sources of information on the PBMAs used, and the consumption of PBMAs among Danish young adult consumers and non-consumers of PBMAs. An online survey was conducted in May 2019. A total of 341 participants (consumers: n = 171; non-consumers: n = 170) aged 16-35 years old completed the survey. Most consumers drank less than one glass of PBMAs per week, and oat drink was the most frequently consumed PBMAs. Oat drinks were primarily consumed with coffee/tea or porridge, while soy drinks were preferred to be consumed alone. Participants who perceived PBMAs as natural, good for health, tasty, or nutritionally equal to cow's milk were more likely to be consumers of PBMAs. Additionally, participants who perceived PBMAs as highly processed or artificial were less likely to be consumers of PBMAs. For consumers, the most used sources of information on PBMAs were package labeling, followed by social media. The study´s results can help to improve marketing campaigns concerning the Danish retail of PBMA, whereby nutritional and sensory characteristics of PBMAs are highlighted through social networks and marketing strategies with product package labeling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eliana Martínez-Padilla
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Rolighedsvej 26, DK-1958 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Ilona Faber
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Rolighedsvej 26, DK-1958 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
- Correspondence: (I.F.); (E.V.-B.-P.)
| | - Iben Lykke Petersen
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Rolighedsvej 26, DK-1958 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Einar Vargas-Bello-Pérez
- School of Agriculture, Policy and Development New Agriculture Building, Earley Gate Whiteknights Road, P.O. Box 237, Reading, Berkshire RG6 6EU, UK
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Grønnegårdsvej 3, DK-1870 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
- Correspondence: (I.F.); (E.V.-B.-P.)
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Bao Y, Yangzong Z, Yuan Z, Shi R, Feng K, Xin P, Song T. The microbial communities and natural fermentation quality of ensiling oat ( Avena sativa L.) harvest from different elevations on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. Front Microbiol 2023; 13:1108890. [PMID: 36713149 PMCID: PMC9873999 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1108890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Ensiling whole-crop oat (Avena sativa L.) has attracted a growing interest in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. The study aimed to investigate the microbial community and chemical composition of fresh and ensiling oat harvested from six different elevations of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. Method The oat (A. sativa L. cv. Qingyin No. 1) was planted in six different sites across Qinghai-Tibet Plateau (BM, Bomi County; BY, Bayi County; DZ, Dazi County; BR, Biru County; SC, Suo County; SN, Seni County), where the elevations were in the range of 2,800-4,500 m above sea level (a. s. l.). Oat was harvested at the milk stage and ensiled for 90 days. Results The highest crude protein (CP) and lowest water-soluble carbohydrate (WSC) were observed in fresh oat of SN and BM, respectively, however, no distinct gradient trend in WSC and CP concentrations along the elevation gradient. The lowest LAB counts in fresh oat from the highest elevational regions of SN. After 90 days of ensiling, the pH in all oat silages was lower than 4.2, and silages from SC and SN showed a lower pH and butyric acid concentration, and higher lactic acid (LA) concentration than silages of other regions. The oat silage from BR showed the lowest LA concentration and the highest pH. The bimodal distributions of fungal and bacterial richness in fresh oat along the elevation gradient were observed, while the elevation gradients did not affect the fungal Shannon index in fresh oat. Dioszegia, Cladosporium, and Vishniacozyma were the prevalent fungal genus in fresh oat, while Wickerhamomyces, Candida, and Saccharomyces dominated the fungal communities of silages. Wickerhamomyces and Candida were the dominant genera in oat silages from BM and SC, respectively. Erwinia, Paenibacillus, Pseudomonas, Leuconostoc, and Exiguobacterium dominated the bacterial community of fresh oat, while Lactobacillus and Kosakonia were the dominant bacterial genus in oat silages. Pantoea was the most dominant bacterial genus in fresh oat from low-elevational regions (BM, BY, and DZ). Oat from SN exhibited the best fermentation quality although fresh oat of SN hosted the lowest LAB counts, indicating that high-efficient LAB might be present in fresh oat sampled from high altitudes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuhong Bao
- Institute of Grass Science, TAR Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences, Lhasa, China,State Key Laboratory of Germplasm Resources and Genetic Improvement of Tibetan Barley and Yak, Lhasa, China
| | - Zhaxi Yangzong
- Institute of Animal Science, TAR Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences, Lhasa, China
| | - Zhenjie Yuan
- Institute of Animal Science, TAR Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences, Lhasa, China
| | - Ruizhi Shi
- Institute of Animal Science, TAR Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences, Lhasa, China
| | - Ke Feng
- Animal Disease Prevention and Control Center of Lhasa, Lhasa, China
| | - Pengcheng Xin
- Maiji District Animal Husbandry Technology Promotion Station, Tianshui, China
| | - Tianzeng Song
- Institute of Animal Science, TAR Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences, Lhasa, China,*Correspondence: Tianzeng Song,
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Gangwar T, Susko AQ, Baranova S, Guala M, Smith KP, Heuschele DJ. Multi-scale modelling predicts plant stem bending behaviour in response to wind to inform lodging resistance. R Soc Open Sci 2023; 10:221410. [PMID: 36636313 PMCID: PMC9810429 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.221410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Lodging impedes the successful cultivation of cereal crops. Complex anatomy, morphology and environmental interactions make identifying reliable and measurable traits for breeding challenging. Therefore, we present a unique collaboration among disciplines for plant science, modelling and simulations, and experimental fluid dynamics in a broader context of breeding lodging resilient wheat and oat. We ran comprehensive wind tunnel experiments to quantify the stem bending behaviour of both cereals under controlled aerodynamic conditions. Measured phenotypes from experiments concluded that the wheat stems response is stiffer than the oat. However, these observations did not in themselves establish causal relationships of this observed behaviour with the physical traits of the plants. To further investigate we created an independent finite-element simulation framework integrating our recently developed multi-scale material modelling approach to predict the mechanical response of wheat and oat stems. All the input parameters including chemical composition, tissue characteristics and plant morphology have a strong physiological meaning in the hierarchical organization of plants, and the framework is free from empirical parameter tuning. This feature of our simulation framework reveals the multi-scale origin of the observed wide differences in the stem strength of both cereals that would not have been possible with purely experimental approach.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tarun Gangwar
- Department of Civil, Environmental, and Geo-Engineering, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, MN, USA
| | - Alexander Q. Susko
- Agronomy and Plant Genetics, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, MN, USA
| | - Svetlana Baranova
- Department of Civil, Environmental, and Geo-Engineering, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, MN, USA
| | - Michele Guala
- Department of Civil, Environmental, and Geo-Engineering, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, MN, USA
| | - Kevin P. Smith
- Agronomy and Plant Genetics, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, MN, USA
| | - D. Jo Heuschele
- Agronomy and Plant Genetics, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, MN, USA
- Plant Science Research Unit, USDA – Agricultural Research Services, St. Paul, MN, USA
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Astiz V, Guardianelli LM, Salinas MV, Brites C, Puppo MC. High β-Glucans Oats for Healthy Wheat Breads: Physicochemical Properties of Dough and Breads. Foods 2022; 12. [PMID: 36613386 DOI: 10.3390/foods12010170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Bread is a highly consumed food whose nutritional value can be improved by adding an oat flour (Avena sativa L.-variety Bonaerense INTA Calen-Argentina) to a high-industrial quality wheat flour (Triticum aestivum L.). This cultivar of oat contains high amounts of β-glucans, which act as a prebiotic fiber. Wheat flour was complemented with different amounts of oat flour (5, 15, and 25%). A contribution of hydrophilic components from oat flour was evident in the oat-wheat mixtures. At the same time, the high content of total dietary fiber led to changes in the rheological properties of the dough. Mixtures with a higher proportion of oats showed an increase in alveographic tenacity (stiffer dough), higher stability, and a lower softening degree in farinographic assays. The dough showed significant increases in hardness and gumminess, without significant changes in cohesiveness, i.e., no disruption to the gluten network was observed. Relaxation tests showed that the blends with a higher oat content yielded 10 times higher stress values compared to wheat dough. Analysis of the oat-wheat breads showed improvements in nutritional parameters, with slight decreases in the volume and crust color. The crumb showed significant increases in firmness and chewing strength as the amount of oats added increased. Nutritional parameters showed that lipids, dietary fiber, and β-glucans were significantly increased by the addition of oats. Sensory analysis achieved high response rates with good-to-very good ratings on the hedonic scale set. Thus, the addition of oats did not generate rejection by the consumer and could be accepted by them. Breads with wheat and oats showed nutritional improvements with respect to wheat bread, since they have higher dietary fiber content, especially in β-glucans, so they could be considered functional breads.
Collapse
|
38
|
Jeong MH, Choi ED, Park SY. First Report of Brown Leaf Spot Caused by Epicoccum tobaicum on Oat (Avena sativa) in Korea. Plant Dis 2022; 107:2255. [PMID: 36451307 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-11-22-2532-pdn] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Oat (Avena sativa) is one of the Korean winter crops, and oat consumption has been increasing because it is widely perceived as a superfood. Recently, various fungal diseases have been reported likely due to climate changes during the winter season in Korea (Choi et al., 2018; Kim, 2020). During the 2020-2021 winter to spring, we surveyed new fungal diseases among cereals, including oats, in the southern region of Korea. In April 2021, brown leaf spots on oat leaves were observed in Gangjin, Jeollanam-do, Korea. These brown spots were irregular circles, ranging from 2-7 mm in diameter. Samples from three infected leaves were surface sterilized by treating them with 70% ethanol for 1 min and 1% NaOCl for 1 min. The samples were subsequently rinsed at least twice with distilled water and dried with a sterile paper towel before being placed on 1.5% water agar supplemented with 100 ppm streptomycin. Hyphal tips derived from infected tissues after incubation at 25C for 7 days were transferred to a fresh potato dextrose agar (PDA). Three isolates, labeled as KJO-AN2-S1, KJO-AN2-S2 and KJO-AN2-S3, were obtained via single hyphal tip purification. Colonies on PDA were pigmented vermilion and subsequently turned to saffron color with irregular margins after 7 days. Conidia produced on PDA were golden to dark brown, globose to subglobose, solitary, and measured 15.5-21.5 μm in diameter (n=50). Cultural and morphological characteristics suggested that these isolates belong to Epicoccum species (Chen et al. 2017). For identification by sequencing, the ITS (MW691866-68), tub2 (MW691872-74), and rpb2 (MW691869-71) regions of three isolates were amplified using the primer pairs ITS5/ITS4 (White et al., 1990), Btub2Fd/ Btub4Rd (Woudengerg et al., 2009), and RPB2-5F2 (Sung et al., 2007)/fRPB2-7cR (Liu et al., 1999), respectively. A maximum likelihood phylogenetic analysis based on the concatenated ITS, tub2, and rpb2 sequences placed the three isolates within a clade comprising E. tobaicum CBS 384.36. A mycelial plug (5 mm diameter) was inoculated onto wounded and unwounded leaves of healthy 12-day-old oat (cv. Choyang) seedlings. The control leaves were inoculated with a sterile PDA plug. All inoculated and control plants were placed in a plastic box and incubated at 20℃ in darkness with 100% humidity. After 1 day, the inoculated mycelial plug or sterile PDA plug from plants was removed; the plants in plastic boxes were then transferred to a growth chamber set at 20℃ with 12 h light and 60-70% humidity. While brown spot lesions were observed in both unwounded and wounded leaves 7 days post-inoculation, both wounded and unwounded control leaves remained asymptomatic. The pathogen was recovered from all symptomatic leaf tissues but could not be isolated from control leaves. The re-isolated pathogen was identified as E. tobaicum through morphological characterization and sequence-based identification, fulfilling Koch's postulates. This study is the first to report a causal relationship between E. tobaicum and brown leaf spot disease of oat in Korea. Identification of this newly emerging fungal disease on oats will help prepare for effectively managing this disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Min-Hye Jeong
- Suncheon National University, 65380, Department of Plant Medicine, Suncheon, Jeollanam-do, Korea (the Republic of);
| | - Eu Ddeum Choi
- Pear Research Institute, National Institute of Horticultural & Herbal ScienceNaju 58216Naju, Jeonnam, Korea (the Republic of), 58216;
| | - Sook-Young Park
- Sunchon National University, 65380, Plant Medicine, 255 Jungang-Ro, Suncheon, Korea (the Republic of), 57922
- Korea (the Republic of);
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Abstract
Oat is classified as a whole grain and contains high contents of protein, lipids, carbohydrates, vitamins, minerals, and phytochemicals (such as polyphenols, flavonoids, and saponins). In recent years, studies have focused on the effects of oat consumption on reducing the risk of a variety of diseases. Reports have indicated that an oat diet exerts certain biological functions, such as preventing cardiovascular diseases, reducing blood glucose, and promoting intestinal health, along with antiallergy, antioxidation, and cancer preventive effects. At present, cancer is the second leading cause of death worldwide. The natural products of oat are an important breakthrough for developing new strategies of cancer prevention, and their ability to interact with multiple cellular targets helps to combat the complexity of cancer pathogenesis. In addition, the comprehensive study of the cancer prevention activity and potential mechanism of oat nutrients and phytochemicals has become a research hotspot. In this Review, we focused on the potential functions of peptides, dietary fiber, and phytochemicals in oats on cancer prevention and further revealed novel mechanisms and prospects for clinical application. These findings might provide a novel approach to deeply understand the functions and mechanisms for cancer prevention of oat consumption.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xinping Li
- China-Canada Joint Lab of Food Nutrition and Health (Beijing), Key Laboratory of Special Food Supervision Technology for State Market Regulation, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Linyue Zhou
- China-Canada Joint Lab of Food Nutrition and Health (Beijing), Key Laboratory of Special Food Supervision Technology for State Market Regulation, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Yonghui Yu
- China-Canada Joint Lab of Food Nutrition and Health (Beijing), Key Laboratory of Special Food Supervision Technology for State Market Regulation, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Jingjie Zhang
- China-Canada Joint Lab of Food Nutrition and Health (Beijing), Key Laboratory of Special Food Supervision Technology for State Market Regulation, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Jing Wang
- China-Canada Joint Lab of Food Nutrition and Health (Beijing), Key Laboratory of Special Food Supervision Technology for State Market Regulation, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Baoguo Sun
- China-Canada Joint Lab of Food Nutrition and Health (Beijing), Key Laboratory of Special Food Supervision Technology for State Market Regulation, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Li Y, Liu J, Lv P, Mi J, Zhao B. Silicon improves the photosynthetic performance of oat leaves infected with Puccinia graminis f. sp. avenae. Front Plant Sci 2022; 13:1037136. [PMID: 36507416 PMCID: PMC9727285 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1037136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Stem rust, caused by Puccinia graminis f. sp. avenae (Pga) is a key disease affecting oat production worldwide. Silicon (Si) plays an essential role in enhancing plant resistance against pathogens. However, the scientific evidence of Si-mediated stem rust resistance of oat from the photosynthetic perspective has not been reported. The specific objective of this research was to investigate the effects of Si application on disease inhibition, photosynthetic gas exchange parameters, light response parameters, photosynthetic pigments and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters under Pga infection. Our results illustrated that Si application significantly reduced rust severity while the other parameters like net photosynthetic rate (P n), stomatal conductance (Gs), intercellular CO2 concentration (C i) and transpiration rate (T r) were significantly increased. Si application increased maximum photosynthetic rate (P nmax) and light saturation point (LSP), while reduced the dark respiration rate (Rd) and light compensation point (LCP). The results also indicated that Si application significantly increased the activities of maximum fluorescence (F m), variable fluorescence (F v), maximum quantum yield of photosystem II (F v/F m), photochemical quenching (qP), photosynthetic performance index (PI ABS), actual PSII quantum yield (ΦPSII), electron transfer rate (ETR), the absorbed light energy per unit reaction center (ABS/RC) and the dissipated energy per unit reaction center (DIo/RC), whereas it decreased the minimal fluorescence (F o), non-photochemical quenching (NPQ), the absorbed light energy used for electron transfer per unit reaction center (ETo/RC) and the absorbed light energy used for reduction of QA per unit reaction center (TRo/RC). The contents of chlorophyll a, b and carotenoids were also increased due to the change in the activity of parameters due to Si application as mentioned above. In conclusion, the results of the current study suggests that Si imparts tolerance to the stem rust possibly by the underlying mechanisms of improving gas exchange performance, and efficiency of the photochemical compounds in oat leaves.
Collapse
|
41
|
Mathew M, Leeds S, Nowak-Węgrzyn A. Recent Update in Food Protein-Induced Enterocolitis Syndrome: Pathophysiology, Diagnosis, and Management. Allergy Asthma Immunol Res 2022; 14:587-603. [PMID: 36426394 PMCID: PMC9709682 DOI: 10.4168/aair.2022.14.6.587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Revised: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Food protein-induced enterocolitis syndrome (FPIES), though first reported in the 1970s, remains poorly understood and likely underdiagnosed. It is a non-immunoglobulin E (IgE)-mediated food allergy syndrome, most commonly identified in infancy and childhood. It can manifest as a constellation of symptoms following food ingestion, including repetitive and projectile emesis (1-4 hours), accompanied by pallor, lethargy, muscular hypotonia, and diarrhea (5-10 hours). In more severe reactions, significant leukocytosis with neutrophilia, thrombocytosis, metabolic derangements, methemoglobinemia, anemia, low albumin, and total protein may be present. Hypotension and ultimately hypovolemic distributive shock may occur in up to 15%-20% of cases. The diagnosis of FPIES is challenging and providers continue to face difficulties in management. This review article aims to highlight the most recent updates in epidemiology, natural history, pathophysiology, potential diagnostic markers, and guidelines for the management of FPIES.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mehr Mathew
- Department of Pediatrics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Stephanie Leeds
- Department of Pediatrics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Anna Nowak-Węgrzyn
- Department of Pediatrics, Hassenfeld Children's Hospital, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Collegium Medicum, University of Warmia and Mazury, Olsztyn, Poland.
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Trevaskis B, Harris FAJ, Bovill WD, Rattey AR, Khoo KHP, Boden SA, Hyles J. Advancing understanding of oat phenology for crop adaptation. Front Plant Sci 2022; 13:955623. [PMID: 36311119 PMCID: PMC9614419 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.955623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Oat (Avena sativa) is an annual cereal grown for forage, fodder and grain. Seasonal flowering behaviour, or phenology, is a key contributor to the success of oat as a crop. As a species, oat is a vernalization-responsive long-day plant that flowers after winter as days lengthen in spring. Variation in both vernalization and daylength requirements broadens adaptation of oat and has been used to breed modern cultivars with seasonal flowering behaviours suited to different regions, sowing dates and farming practices. This review examines the importance of variation in oat phenology for crop adaptation. Strategies to advance understanding of the genetic basis of oat phenology are then outlined. These include the potential to transfer knowledge from related temperate cereals, particularly wheat (Triticum aestivum) and barley (Hordeum vulgare), to provide insights into the potential molecular basis of variation in oat phenology. Approaches that use emerging genomic resources to directly investigate the molecular basis of oat phenology are also described, including application of high-resolution genome-wide diversity surveys to map genes linked to variation in flowering behaviour. The need to resolve the contribution of individual phenology genes to crop performance by developing oat genetic resources, such as near-isogenic lines, is emphasised. Finally, ways that deeper knowledge of oat phenology can be applied to breed improved varieties and to inform on-farm decision-making are outlined.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ben Trevaskis
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Agriculture and Food Business Unit, Black Mountain Science and Innovation Park, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Felicity A. J. Harris
- Department of Primary Industries, Pine Gully Road, Wagga Wagga Agricultural Institute, Wagga Wagga, NSW, Australia
- School of Agricultural, Environmental and Veterinary Sciences, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, NSW, Australia
| | - William D. Bovill
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Agriculture and Food Business Unit, Black Mountain Science and Innovation Park, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | | | - Kelvin H. P. Khoo
- School of Agriculture, Food & Wine, Faculty of Sciences, Waite Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Urrbrae, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Scott A. Boden
- School of Agriculture, Food & Wine, Faculty of Sciences, Waite Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Urrbrae, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Jessica Hyles
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Agriculture and Food Business Unit, Black Mountain Science and Innovation Park, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Cygan-Szczegielniak D, Stasiak K. Concentration of Selected Essential and Toxic Trace Elements in Horse Hair as an Important Tool for the Monitoring of Animal Exposure and Health. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12. [PMID: 36230405 DOI: 10.3390/ani12192665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Revised: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The main purpose of the study was to analyse the concentrations of selected essential and toxic trace elements in the hair of sports and recreational riding horses from studs located in central Poland and thus test the usefulness of this matrix for monitoring the exposure of these animals. We also measured the concentration of heavy metals in oats used as a basic component of the equine diet to investigate the interactions between these elements in the feed and hair. The basic chemical composition of oats was analysed. Elemental analysis was performed using an EcaFlow 150 GLP electrochemical analyser with an E-104L electrode and reference to a calibration curve. The chemical composition of oats was investigated by near infrared transmission (NIR) spectroscopy calibrated for an artificial neural network (ANN) using a Foss InfraXact spectrometer. Among all elements, the coefficient of variation was highest for Pb and lowest for Cd, regardless of the study group. The content of elements in horse hair was in the range of 153.56 to 185.79 mg·kg-1 for Zn, 6.10 to 11.99 mg·kg-1 for Cu, 0.578 to 0.813 mg·kg-1 for Pb and 0.011 to 0.015 mg·kg-1 for Cd (in kg of d.w.). For hair, we found a significant negative correlation for Zn-Cu (rxy = -0.539) and Cd-Cu (rxy = -0.676) at p ≤ 0.05. For feed, there was a highly significant positive correlation for Cu-Pb (rxy = 0.723) and Zn-Cd (rxy = 0.714) at p ≤ 0.01. We found significant negative oats-hair interactions for Cu-Zn, Pb-Cu, Cd-Cu and Zn-Pb, and a positive oats-hair interaction for Cu-Cu.
Collapse
|
44
|
Henningsen EC, Hewitt T, Dugyala S, Nazareno ES, Gilbert E, Li F, Kianian SF, Steffenson BJ, Dodds PN, Sperschneider J, Figueroa M. A chromosome-level, fully phased genome assembly of the oat crown rust fungus Puccinia coronata f. sp. avenae: a resource to enable comparative genomics in the cereal rusts. G3 (Bethesda) 2022; 12:6613142. [PMID: 35731221 PMCID: PMC9339303 DOI: 10.1093/g3journal/jkac149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Advances in sequencing technologies as well as development of algorithms and workflows have made it possible to generate fully phased genome references for organisms with nonhaploid genomes such as dikaryotic rust fungi. To enable discovery of pathogen effectors and further our understanding of virulence evolution, we generated a chromosome-scale assembly for each of the 2 nuclear genomes of the oat crown rust pathogen, Puccinia coronata f. sp. avenae (Pca). This resource complements 2 previously released partially phased genome references of Pca, which display virulence traits absent in the isolate of historic race 203 (isolate Pca203) which was selected for this genome project. A fully phased, chromosome-level reference for Pca203 was generated using PacBio reads and Hi-C data and a recently developed pipeline named NuclearPhaser for phase assignment of contigs and phase switch correction. With 18 chromosomes in each haplotype and a total size of 208.10 Mbp, Pca203 has the same number of chromosomes as other cereal rust fungi such as Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici and Puccinia triticina, the causal agents of wheat stem rust and wheat leaf rust, respectively. The Pca203 reference marks the third fully phased chromosome-level assembly of a cereal rust to date. Here, we demonstrate that the chromosomes of these 3 Puccinia species are syntenous and that chromosomal size variations are primarily due to differences in repeat element content.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eva C Henningsen
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA.,Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Agriculture and Food, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia.,Present address: Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Tim Hewitt
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Agriculture and Food, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Sheshanka Dugyala
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA
| | - Eric S Nazareno
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA
| | | | - Feng Li
- eGenesis Inc., Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Shahryar F Kianian
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA.,USDA-ARS Cereal Disease Laboratory, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA
| | - Brian J Steffenson
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA
| | - Peter N Dodds
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Agriculture and Food, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Jana Sperschneider
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Agriculture and Food, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Melania Figueroa
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Agriculture and Food, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Tian H, Zhou Q, Liu W, Zhang J, Chen Y, Jia Z, Shao Y, Wang H. Responses of photosynthetic characteristics of oat flag leaf and spike to drought stress. Front Plant Sci 2022; 13:917528. [PMID: 35968085 PMCID: PMC9365945 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.917528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Raising crops production via improving photosynthesis has always been focused. Recently excavating and increasing the photosynthetic capacity of non-leaf organs becomes an important approach to crops yield increase. Here we studied the photosynthetic characteristics of the flag leaf and the non-leaf organs including the sheath, the glume and the lemma under greenhouse. The relative water content (RWC), the stomatal characteristics, the photosynthetic pigment contents, the enzyme activities in C3 and C4 pathway and the malate content of the flag leaf and the non-leaf organs on 7, 14, 21, and 28 days after anthesis (denoted by 7DAA, 14DAA, 21DAA, and 28DAA) were determined under well-watered (CK) and water-stressed (D) treatments. Drought stress significantly reduced the RWC of the flag leaf and the non-leaf organs, while the variation of RWC in the glume and the lemma was lower than in the flag leaf. The chlorophyll a content, the chlorophyll b content, the total chlorophyll content and the xanthophyll content in the flag leaf were significantly decreased under D. However, drought stress significantly increased the photosynthetic pigment contents in the glume at the late stage (21DAA and 28DAA). In addition, the induced activities of PEPC, NADP-MDH, NADP-ME, NAD-ME, and PPDK in non-leaf organs under drought stress suggested that the C4 photosynthetic pathway in non-leaf organs compensated the limited C3 photosynthesis in the flag leaf. Non-leaf organs, in particular the glume, showed the crucial function in maintaining the stable photosynthetic performance of oat.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haoqi Tian
- Sichuan Zoige Alpine Wetland Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qingping Zhou
- Sichuan Zoige Alpine Wetland Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Wenhui Liu
- Academy of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine of Qinghai Province, Xining, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Sichuan Animal Science Academy, Chengdu, China
| | - Youjun Chen
- Sichuan Zoige Alpine Wetland Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhifeng Jia
- Academy of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine of Qinghai Province, Xining, China
| | - Yuqiao Shao
- Sichuan Zoige Alpine Wetland Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Sichuan Zoige Alpine Wetland Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, China
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Chen W, Zhang T, Ma Q, Zhu Y, Shen R. Structure Characterization and Potential Probiotic Effects of Sorghum and Oat Resistant Dextrins. Foods 2022; 11:foods11131877. [PMID: 35804691 PMCID: PMC9265775 DOI: 10.3390/foods11131877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 06/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Resistant dextrins (RDs) were prepared from sorghum and oat starches to determine their molecular structure, physicochemical properties, digestibility and prebiotics effect in vitro. The results showed that the particle size of sorghum resistant dextrin (SRD) and oat resistant dextrin (ORD) was significantly smaller than their respective starches. They formed a block structure, and lost the original A-type structure. In addition, SRD and ORD had good thermal stability, solubility (>90%) and enzymatic hydrolysis resistance (digestibility < 5%). The potential probiotic effects of ORD and SRD were studied by measurement of their promoting effects on the growth of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum, Lactobacillus acidophilus and Lactobacillus delbrueckii. For Lactiplantibacillus plantarum and Lactobacillus acidophilus, the promoting effect of ORD was the best (p < 0.05), and the counts increased by 8.89 and 8.74 log CFU/mL, respectively, compared with the control. For Lactobacillus delbrueckii, SRD was most effective, increasing the counts by 8.72 log CFU/mL compared with the control. These characteristics make SRD and ORD suitable for use as soluble dietary fiber and prebiotics in beverages and the excipients of low-glycemic-index products.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenwen Chen
- College of Food and Bioengineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, No. 166 Kexue Road, Zhengzhou 450002, China; (W.C.); (T.Z.); (Q.M.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Ting Zhang
- College of Food and Bioengineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, No. 166 Kexue Road, Zhengzhou 450002, China; (W.C.); (T.Z.); (Q.M.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Qi Ma
- College of Food and Bioengineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, No. 166 Kexue Road, Zhengzhou 450002, China; (W.C.); (T.Z.); (Q.M.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Yingying Zhu
- College of Food and Bioengineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, No. 166 Kexue Road, Zhengzhou 450002, China; (W.C.); (T.Z.); (Q.M.); (Y.Z.)
- Henan Key Laboratory of Cold Chain Food Quality and Safety Control, No. 166 Kexue Road, Zhengzhou 450002, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Production and Safety, No. 166 Kexue Road, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Ruiling Shen
- College of Food and Bioengineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, No. 166 Kexue Road, Zhengzhou 450002, China; (W.C.); (T.Z.); (Q.M.); (Y.Z.)
- Henan Key Laboratory of Cold Chain Food Quality and Safety Control, No. 166 Kexue Road, Zhengzhou 450002, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Production and Safety, No. 166 Kexue Road, Zhengzhou 450002, China
- >Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-135-2664-5815
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Zhu P, Zhang Y, Zhang D, Han L, Liu H, Sun B. Inhibitory Mechanism of Advanced Glycation End-Product Formation by Avenanthramides Derived from Oats through Scavenging the Intermediates. Foods 2022; 11:foods11121813. [PMID: 35742012 PMCID: PMC9222356 DOI: 10.3390/foods11121813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Revised: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
As a special polyphenolic compound in oats, the physiological function of oat avenanthramides (AVAs) drives a variety of biological activities, and plays an important role in the prevention and treatment of common chronic diseases. In this study, the optimum extraction conditions and structural identification of AVAs from oats was studied. The inhibitory effect of AVAs from oats on advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) in a glucose–casein simulation system was evaluated, and this revealed dose-dependent inhibitory effects. The trapping capacity of AVAs to the α-dicarbonyl compounds of AGE intermediate products was determined by HPLC–MS/MS, and the results indicate that AVA 2c, AVA 2p, and AVA 2f exhibited the ability to capture α-dicarbonyl compounds. More importantly, AVA 2f was found to be more efficient than AVA 2p at inhibiting superoxide anion radical (O2−), hydroxyl radical (OH), and singlet oxygen (1O2) radical generation, which may be the main reason that AVA 2f was more efficient than AVA 2p in AGE inhibition. Thus, this research presents a promising application of AVAs from oats in inhibiting the food-borne AGEs formed in food processing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Huilin Liu
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-10-68-984-857
| | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
Chen X, Xu Z, Zhao B, Yang Y, Mi J, Zhao Z, Liu J. Physiological and Proteomic Analysis Responsive Mechanisms for Salt Stress in Oat. Front Plant Sci 2022; 13:891674. [PMID: 35783977 PMCID: PMC9240473 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.891674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Oat is considered as a moderately salt-tolerant crop that can be used to improve saline and alkaline soils. Previous studies have focused on short-term salt stress exposure, and the molecular mechanisms of salt tolerance in oat have not yet been elucidated. In this study, the salt-tolerant oat cultivar Vao-9 and the salt-sensitive oat cultivar Bai5 were treated with 6 days of 0 and 150 mmol L-1 salt stress (nNaCl:nNa2SO4 = 1:1). Label-Free technology was then used to analyze the differentially expressed proteins in leaves under 0 and 150 mmol L-1 salt stress. The obtained results indicated that total of 2,631 proteins were identified by mass spectrometry in the four samples. The salt-tolerant cultivar Vao-9 mainly enhances its carbohydrate and energy metabolism through the pentose and glucuronate interconversions, and carbon fixation pathways in prokaryotes, thereby reducing the damage caused by salt stress. In addition, the down-regulation of ribosomes expression and the up-regulated expression of HSPs and CRT are all through the regulation of protein synthesis in response to salt stress. However, GABA metabolism presents a different synthesis pattern in Bai5 and Vao-9. The main KEGG function of differential expressed protein (DEP) in Bai5 is classified into protein processing in the endoplasmic reticulum, estrogen signaling pathway, antigen processing and presentation, longevity regulating pathway-multiple species, arginine and proline metabolism, beta-alanine metabolism, vitamin B6 metabolism, salmonella infection, chloroalkane and chloroalkene degradation, and limonene and pinene degradation. Moreover, the main KEGG functions of DEP in Vao-9 are classified as ribosome and carbon fixation pathways in prokaryotes, pentose and glucuronate interconversions, GABA ergic synapse, and taurine and hypotaurine metabolism. The results obtained in this study provide an important basis for further research on the underlying mechanisms of salt response and tolerance in oat and other plant species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojing Chen
- Cereal Industry Collaborative Innovation Center, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
- National Outstanding Talents in Agricultural Research and Their Innovative Teams, Hohhot, China
| | - Zhongshan Xu
- Cereal Industry Collaborative Innovation Center, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
- National Outstanding Talents in Agricultural Research and Their Innovative Teams, Hohhot, China
| | - Baoping Zhao
- Cereal Industry Collaborative Innovation Center, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
- National Outstanding Talents in Agricultural Research and Their Innovative Teams, Hohhot, China
| | - Yanming Yang
- Cereal Industry Collaborative Innovation Center, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
- National Outstanding Talents in Agricultural Research and Their Innovative Teams, Hohhot, China
| | - Junzhen Mi
- Cereal Industry Collaborative Innovation Center, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
- National Outstanding Talents in Agricultural Research and Their Innovative Teams, Hohhot, China
| | - Zhou Zhao
- Cereal Industry Collaborative Innovation Center, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
- National Outstanding Talents in Agricultural Research and Their Innovative Teams, Hohhot, China
| | - Jinghui Liu
- Cereal Industry Collaborative Innovation Center, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
- National Outstanding Talents in Agricultural Research and Their Innovative Teams, Hohhot, China
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Heuschele DJ, Furuta D, Smith KP, Marchetto P. Capturing High Resolution Plant Movement in the Field. Integr Comp Biol 2022; 62:1076-1084. [PMID: 35679083 DOI: 10.1093/icb/icac075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Revised: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Lodging of small grains due to environmental stresses results in yield loss, quality reduction, and difficulties with mechanical harvesting, which lead to economic consequences. New technological discoveries allow for faster and in situ measurements for determining the mechanics of loading stress and plant movement. The overall measurement of plant movement can be a very sophisticated method to mechanically test and predict the behavior of stems when exposed to wind. We investigated the inertial measurement of plants during different magnitude wind events. This type of analysis captures real time quantitative stem behavior during wind events. Using a 1.5 cm2 inertial measurement sensor attached to the upper panicle of a plant, we recorded the ranges and extremes of instantaneous linear acceleration and rotational velocity. When this technology was applied to historically known varieties of different lodging classification, the measurements were able to distinguish between cereal species and differences between movement of lodging susceptible and resistant plants without physical lodging. This type of technology could be used to improve field based lodging models and quantify movement resulting from micro changes in structural and composition of the stem, and to analyze plant movement in natural conditions with a resolution and specificity that has so far been prohibitively expensive and technologically challenging to achieve.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D J Heuschele
- USDA, Agricultural Research Service, Plant Science Research Unit, 1991 Upper Buford Circle, St. Paul, MN, 55108.,University of Minnesota, Agronomy and Plant Genetics, 1991 Upper Buford Circle, St. Paul, MN 55108
| | - D Furuta
- University of Minnesota, Bioproducts and Biosystems Engineering, St. Paul, MN 55108
| | - K P Smith
- University of Minnesota, Agronomy and Plant Genetics, 1991 Upper Buford Circle, St. Paul, MN 55108
| | - P Marchetto
- Sensing, LLC, Roseville, MN 55113.,Conservify, Los Angeles, CA 90007
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Li H, Zeng T, Du Z, Dong X, Xin Y, Wu Y, Huang L, Liu L, Kang B, Jiang D, Wu B, Yang W, Yan Y. Assessment on the Fermentation Quality and Bacterial Community of Mixed Silage of Faba Bean With Forage Wheat or Oat. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:875819. [PMID: 35602069 PMCID: PMC9114351 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.875819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Faba bean (Vicia faba L.), although a kind of high-quality and high-yield forage, could hardly achieve a great quality of silage because of its high buffering capacity. Mixed silage of faba bean with forage wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) or oat (Avena sativa L.) at different ratios could improve the fermentation quality and bacterial community. Compared with 100% faba bean silage (BS), mixed silage improved the fermentation quality, not only increased lactic acid production and reduced pH, but reduced the production of propionic acid and ammonia nitrogen. The chemical compositions of faba bean with forage wheat (BT) mixed silage were better than that of faba bean with oat (BO) mixed silage, and that of 3:7, 5:5 (fresh matter basis) mixing ratios were better than 1:9. However, the fermentation quality of BO mixed silage was better than that of BT, and that of 3:7 mixed silage (BO30) was the best overall. Analysis of the bacterial community showed that mixed silage increased the relative abundance of lactic acid bacteria after ensiling, and the relatively higher abundance of Lactobacillus showed the inhibitory effects on the proliferation of Serratia and Hafnia_Obesumbacterium, so that it alleviated their negative effects on silage and stabilized the fermentation quality. This present study exhibited that mixed silage of faba bean with forage wheat or oat not only had significant effects on chemical compositions and fermentation quality of materials but modified bacterial community so that improved the fermentation quality effectively. The mixed silage of 30% faba bean with 70% oat (BO30) is recommended in the faba bean mixed silage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hongliang Li
- Department of Forage Breeding and Cultivation, College of Grassland Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Tairu Zeng
- Department of Forage Breeding and Cultivation, College of Grassland Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhaochang Du
- Department of Forage Breeding and Cultivation, College of Grassland Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xintan Dong
- Department of Forage Breeding and Cultivation, College of Grassland Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yafen Xin
- Department of Forage Breeding and Cultivation, College of Grassland Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yushan Wu
- Department of Crop Cultivation and Tillage, College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Linkai Huang
- Department of Forage Breeding and Cultivation, College of Grassland Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Lin Liu
- Department of Forage Breeding and Cultivation, College of Grassland Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Bo Kang
- Department of Animal Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Dongmei Jiang
- Department of Animal Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Bihua Wu
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Wenyu Yang
- Department of Crop Cultivation and Tillage, College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yanhong Yan
- Department of Forage Breeding and Cultivation, College of Grassland Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| |
Collapse
|