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Serviento AM, Labussière E, Castex M, Renaudeau D. Effect of heat stress and feeding management on growth performance and physiological responses of finishing pigs. J Anim Sci 2020; 98:skaa387. [PMID: 33277651 PMCID: PMC7772945 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skaa387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to determine whether pig responses to heat stress (HS) were directly due to heat exposure (regardless of feeding level and pattern) or were indirectly due to the reduction of feed intake (FI) and to determine if increasing feeding frequency (splitting heat increments) can improve pig response to HS. A total of 48 pigs (66.1 ± 1.7 kg) were allocated to four groups in three replicates. After 7 d in thermoneutral (TN) conditions (22 °C; period 1 [P1; day -7 to -1]), pigs were placed in either TN or HS (32 °C) conditions for 20 d (period 2 [P2; day 0 to 19]). The diet was provided either ad libitum (AL; 2 distributions/d) or pair-fed (PF8; 8 distributions/d) using HS-AL pigs as the reference group. Thus, the four experimental groups were TN-AL, HS-AL, TN-PF8, and HS-PF8. The daily ration of PF8 pigs was distributed at every 90-min intervals from 0900 to 1930 hours. Data were analyzed using the PROC MIXED procedure with replicate (n = 3), experimental group (n = 4), and their interactions as fixed effects, and the REPEATED statement was used for repeated measures data. Pigs had a similar average daily feed intake (ADFI) during P1 (P > 0.05). In P2, HS-AL and PF8 pigs had lower ADFI (-19%), average daily gain (-25%), and final body weight (-6.1 kg) than TN-AL pigs (P < 0.01). TN-AL pigs had thicker backfat than TN-PF8 pigs (P < 0.05), while the HS pigs had intermediate results. HS pigs had a higher perirenal fat percentage based on the contrast analysis between PF8 pigs (P < 0.05). Thermoregulatory responses of pigs increased with HS exposure but did not differ between HS or between TN groups (P > 0.05). For TN pigs, variation in muscle temperature (Tmuscle) depended on feeding and physical activity, while for HS pigs, Tmuscle gradually increased throughout the day. The Tmuscle of PF8 pigs increased with each additional meal but plateaued earlier for HS-PF8 than TN-PF8 pigs; an increase in Tmuscle per meal was also lower in HS-PF8 than TN-PF8 (P < 0.05). Exposure to HS decreased plasma T3 and T4 (P < 0.05) and increased plasma creatinine (P < 0.05). Between the PF8 groups, HS pigs also had a transient increase in plasma insulin on day 8 (P < 0.05). The effect of HS on FI decreased the growth rate of pigs but there are heat-induced effects, such as altered physiological responses, which might explain the direct HS effects seen in other literature especially in terms of increased adiposity. The increased feed provision frequency in the present study did not improve the HS response of pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aira Maye Serviento
- PEGASE, INRAE, Institut Agro, Saint-Gilles, France
- Lallemand Animal Nutrition, Lallemand SAS Blagnac, France
| | | | - Mathieu Castex
- Lallemand Animal Nutrition, Lallemand SAS Blagnac, France
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Al-Qaisi M, Mayorga EJ, Horst EA, Kvidera SK, McCarthy CS, Abeyta MA, Goetz BM, Ramirez-Ramirez HA, Timms LL, Baumgard LH. Validating a heat stress model: The effects of an electric heat blanket and nutritional plane on lactating dairy cows. J Dairy Sci 2020; 103:5550-5560. [PMID: 32229128 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2019-17543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The efficacy of an electric heat blanket (EHB) has previously been confirmed as an alternative method to evaluate heat stress (HS). However, a pair-feeding design has not been used with the EHB model. Therefore, study objectives were to determine the contribution of the nutritional plane to altered metabolism and productivity during EHB-induced HS. Multiparous Holstein cows (n = 18; 140 ± 10 d in milk) were subjected to 2 experimental periods (P); during P1 (4 d), cows were in thermoneutral conditions with ad libitum feed intake. During P2 (4 d), cows were assigned to 1 of 2 treatments: (1) thermoneutral conditions and pair-fed (PF; n = 8) or (2) EHB-induced HS with ad libitum feed intake (n = 10). Overall, the EHB increased rectal temperature, vaginal temperature, skin temperature, and respiration rate (1.4°C, 1.3°C, 0.8°C, and 42 breaths/min, respectively) relative to PF cows. The EHB reduced dry matter intake (DMI; 47%) and, by design, PF cows had a similar pattern and extent of decreased DMI. Milk yield decreased in EHB and PF cows by 27.3% (12.1 kg) and 13.4% (5.4 kg), respectively, indicating that reduced DMI accounted for only ∼50% of decreased milk synthesis. Milk fat content tended to increase (19%) in the EHB group, whereas in the PF cows it remained similar relative to P1. During P2, milk protein and lactose contents tended to decrease or decreased (1.3 and 2.2%, respectively) in both EHB and PF groups. Milk urea nitrogen remained unchanged in PF controls but increased (34.2%) in EHB cows relative to P1. The EHB decreased blood partial pressure of CO2, total CO2, HCO3, and base excess levels (17, 16, 17, and 81%, respectively) compared with those in PF cows. During P2, the EHB and PF cows had similar decreases (4%) in plasma glucose content, but no differences in circulating insulin were detected. However, a group by day interaction was detected for plasma nonesterified fatty acids; levels progressively increased in PF controls but remained unaltered in the EHB cows. Blood urea nitrogen increased in the EHB cows (61%) compared with the PF controls. In summary, utilizing the EHB model indicated that reduced nutrient intake explains only about 50% of the decrease in milk yield during HS, and the postabsorptive changes in nutrient partitioning are similar to those obtained in climate-controlled chamber studies. Consequently, the EHB is a reasonable and economically feasible model to study environmental physiology of dairy cows.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Al-Qaisi
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames 50011; Department of Animal Production, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan 11942
| | - E J Mayorga
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames 50011
| | - E A Horst
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames 50011
| | - S K Kvidera
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames 50011
| | - C S McCarthy
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames 50011
| | - M A Abeyta
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames 50011
| | - B M Goetz
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames 50011
| | | | - L L Timms
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames 50011
| | - L H Baumgard
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames 50011.
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Massuquetto A, Panisson JC, Marx FO, Surek D, Krabbe EL, Maiorka A. Effect of pelleting and different feeding programs on growth performance, carcass yield, and nutrient digestibility in broiler chickens. Poult Sci 2020; 98:5497-5503. [PMID: 30995321 DOI: 10.3382/ps/pez176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2018] [Accepted: 03/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
This experiment was conducted to study the effect of different feeding programs and pelleting on performance, nutrient digestibility, ileal digestible energy (IDE); and carcass yield of broilers from 21 to 35 d of age. In total, 768 male broilers were distributed according to a completely randomized design with 6 treatments and 8 replicates of 16 birds each. The treatments were mash and pelleted diets provided ad libitum, or pelleted and supplied at the same rate (100%) or restricted at 95, 90, and 85% (P100, P95, P90, and P85) of the amount consumed by the birds fed mash diet ad libitum. When supplied ad libitum, the pelleted diet had the highest feed intake and weight gain (WG), better feed conversion ratio (FCR), better feed conversion adjusted for 2.3 kg (AdjFCR, P < 0.001) and caloric conversion (P < 0.001); and higher amount of abdominal fat (P < 0.001) when compared to the control (mash ad libitum). However, there were no effects on nutrient digestibility (P > 0.05). When the pelleted feed was provided in the same amount as in the control group, there were no differences in any of the evaluated parameters (P > 0.05). Limiting pelleted diet to 95, 90, and 85% of free choice mash diet resulted in lower WG (P < 0.001). P90 and P95 treatments resulted in higher dry matter and crude protein digestibility and IDE in relation to the others (P < 0.001). Carcass yield was reduced (P < 0.05) in the birds fed P85 diet. The regression analysis between P100, P95, P90, and P85 showed a linear reduction in WG when restriction was increased (P < 0.01); however, there was a linear increase in the nutrient digestibility (P < 0.001). It is concluded that pelleting improves broiler performance, but these results depend on feed intake. The higher intake provided by pelleting can increase the amount of abdominal fat. Feed intake reduction can result in lower performance and lower carcass and cuts yield in broilers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andréia Massuquetto
- Department of Animal Science, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba 80035-050, Brazil
| | - Josiane C Panisson
- Department of Animal Science, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba 80035-050, Brazil
| | - Francielle O Marx
- Department of Animal Science, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba 80035-050, Brazil
| | - Diego Surek
- Embrapa Swine and Poultry, Concórdia 89715-899, Brazil
| | | | - Alex Maiorka
- Department of Animal Science, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba 80035-050, Brazil
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Price NL, Singh AK, Rotllan N, Goedeke L, Wing A, Canfrán-Duque A, Diaz-Ruiz A, Araldi E, Baldán Á, Camporez JP, Suárez Y, Rodeheffer MS, Shulman GI, de Cabo R, Fernández-Hernando C. Genetic Ablation of miR-33 Increases Food Intake, Enhances Adipose Tissue Expansion, and Promotes Obesity and Insulin Resistance. Cell Rep 2018; 22:2133-45. [PMID: 29466739 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2018.01.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2017] [Revised: 12/22/2017] [Accepted: 01/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
While therapeutic modulation of miRNAs provides a promising approach for numerous diseases, the promiscuous nature of miRNAs raises concern over detrimental off-target effects. miR-33 has emerged as a likely target for treatment of cardiovascular diseases. However, the deleterious effects of long-term anti-miR-33 therapies and predisposition of miR-33−/− mice to obesity and metabolic dysfunction exemplify the possible pitfalls of miRNA-based therapies. Our work provides an in-depth characterization of miR-33−/− mice and explores the mechanisms by which loss of miR-33 promotes insulin resistance in key metabolic tissues. Contrary to previous reports, our data do not support a direct role for SREBP-1-mediated lipid synthesis in promoting these effects. Alternatively, in adipose tissue of miR-33−/− mice, we observe increased pre-adipocyte proliferation, enhanced lipid uptake, and impaired lipolysis. Moreover, we demonstrate that the driving force behind these abnormalities is increased food intake, which can be prevented by pair feeding with wild-type animals.
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Burke AC, Telford DE, Edwards JY, Sutherland BG, Sawyez CG, Huff MW. Naringenin Supplementation to a Chow Diet Enhances Energy Expenditure and Fatty Acid Oxidation, and Reduces Adiposity in Lean, Pair-Fed Ldlr -/- Mice. Mol Nutr Food Res 2019; 63:e1800833. [PMID: 30578663 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201800833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2018] [Revised: 11/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE Naringenin is a citrus-derived flavonoid that has potent lipid-lowering and insulin-sensitizing effects in obese mouse models of metabolic dysfunction. However, in these models, a significant effect of naringenin supplementation is the prevention of weight gain, which in itself can confer metabolic protection. Therefore, in the present study, the effect of naringenin supplementation in lean, chow-fed Ldlr-/- mice is investigated. METHODS AND RESULTS In Ldlr-/- mice with isocaloric food consumption, treatment with naringenin for 8 weeks reduces body weight and adiposity compared to littermate controls pair-fed the chow diet alone. Furthermore, naringenin treatment reduces plasma lipids and enhances insulin sensitivity compared to chow-fed controls. Metabolic cage studies reveal that naringenin-treated mice have elevated energy expenditure with no change in ambulatory activity. Additionally, naringenin-treated mice have an increased respiratory exchange ratio and food consumption during the dark cycle. Treatment increases the expression of fatty acid oxidation genes in liver, and increased β-hydroxybutyrate concentrations in plasma, indicating that one mechanism through which naringenin mediates metabolic improvement is enhanced hepatic fatty acid oxidation. CONCLUSIONS These studies highlight the potential therapeutic utility of naringenin and suggest that this flavonoid maintains potent metabolic properties in the absence of obesity or a high-fat diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy C Burke
- Molecular Medicine, Robarts Research Institute, The University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond St N., London, Ontario, N6A 5B7, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry, The University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond St N., London, Ontario, N6A 5B7, Canada
| | - Dawn E Telford
- Molecular Medicine, Robarts Research Institute, The University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond St N., London, Ontario, N6A 5B7, Canada.,Department of Medicine, The University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond St N., London, Ontario, N6A 5B7, Canada
| | - Jane Y Edwards
- Molecular Medicine, Robarts Research Institute, The University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond St N., London, Ontario, N6A 5B7, Canada.,Department of Medicine, The University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond St N., London, Ontario, N6A 5B7, Canada
| | - Brian G Sutherland
- Molecular Medicine, Robarts Research Institute, The University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond St N., London, Ontario, N6A 5B7, Canada
| | - Cynthia G Sawyez
- Molecular Medicine, Robarts Research Institute, The University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond St N., London, Ontario, N6A 5B7, Canada.,Department of Medicine, The University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond St N., London, Ontario, N6A 5B7, Canada
| | - Murray W Huff
- Molecular Medicine, Robarts Research Institute, The University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond St N., London, Ontario, N6A 5B7, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry, The University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond St N., London, Ontario, N6A 5B7, Canada.,Department of Medicine, The University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond St N., London, Ontario, N6A 5B7, Canada
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Toghyani M, Girish CK, Wu SB, Iji PA, Swick RA. Effect of elevated dietary amino acid levels in high canola meal diets on productive traits and cecal microbiota population of broiler chickens in a pair-feeding study. Poult Sci 2018; 96:1268-1279. [PMID: 27811325 DOI: 10.3382/ps/pew388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2016] [Accepted: 10/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
A pair-feeding study was conducted to determine if reduced feed intake (FI) in broiler chickens fed high canola meal (CM) diets per se accounts for reduced growth performance and whether this lower growth rate can be mitigated by increasing dietary amino acid (AA) levels. Five experimental wheat-based diets were formulated as follows: soybean meal (SBM) diet, high CM diet with normal AA concentration, and high CM diets with 3, 6, or 9% additional AA concentration (Lys, Met+Cys, Thr, Ile, Arg, and Val). Another group of birds was pair-fed with SBM diet to the consumption levels of birds fed CM diet with normal AA. There were 6 replicates of 17 male 10-day-old Ross 308 chicks per treatment over grower and finisher periods. Birds fed the CM diets had reduced FI and BWG, but improved FCR (P < 0.01) compared to SBM ad libitum fed birds. The SBM pair-fed birds gained the same weight and exhibited similar FCR compared to CM fed birds. Additional 9% AA improved FCR (P < 0.01) compared to SBM and CM diets with normal AA. No significant differences were observed in ileal digestibility of DM, energy, crude protein, and AA between CM with normal AA and SBM diets. The additional 6 and 9% AA in CM diets increased digestibility of crude protein and some AA (P < 0.05). SBM ad libitum and CM + 6 and 9% AA fed birds had the highest and lowest relative weight of abdominal fat, respectively (P < 0.05). Addition of 6 and 9% AA in CM diets increased relative carcass and breast yields (P < 0.01). Serum triglyceride level was higher in SBM ad libitum fed birds (P < 0.05). The composition of microbiota in the ceca was not affected by treatments. This study showed that reduced growth of birds fed high CM diets is primarily mediated through reduced FI. This growth depression could partially be ameliorated by increasing dietary AA levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Toghyani
- Department of Animal Science, School of Environmental and Rural Sciences, University of New England, Armidale, NSW 2351, Australia
| | - C K Girish
- Nutrition and Care, Animal Nutrition, Evonik (SEA) Pte Ltd, Singapore
| | - S B Wu
- Department of Animal Science, School of Environmental and Rural Sciences, University of New England, Armidale, NSW 2351, Australia
| | - P A Iji
- Department of Animal Science, School of Environmental and Rural Sciences, University of New England, Armidale, NSW 2351, Australia
| | - R A Swick
- Department of Animal Science, School of Environmental and Rural Sciences, University of New England, Armidale, NSW 2351, Australia
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Zeferino CP, Komiyama CM, Pelícia VC, Fascina VB, Aoyagi MM, Coutinho LL, Sartori JR, Moura AS. Carcass and meat quality traits of chickens fed diets concurrently supplemented with vitamins C and E under constant heat stress. Animal 2016; 10:163-71. [PMID: 26677935 DOI: 10.1017/S1751731115001998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to determine if a diet supplemented simultaneously with vitamins C and E would alleviate the negative effects of heat stress, applied between 28 and 42 days of age, on performance, carcass and meat quality traits of broiler chickens. A total of 384 male broiler chickens were assigned to a completely randomized design, with a 2×3 factorial arrangement (diet with or without vitamin supplementation and two ambient temperatures plus a pair-feeding group) and 16 replicates. Chickens were kept in thermoneutral conditions up to 28 days of age. They were then housed in groups of four per cage, in three environmentally controlled chambers: two thermoneutral (22.5 and 22.6°C) and one for heat stress (32°C). Half the chickens were fed a diet supplemented with vitamins C (257 to 288 mg/kg) and E (93 to 109 mg/kg). In the thermoneutral chambers, half of the chickens were pair-fed to heat stressed chickens, receiving each day the average feed intake recorded in the heat stress chamber in the previous day. Meat physical quality analyses were performed on the pectoralis major muscle. No ambient temperature×diet supplementation interaction effects were detected on performance, carcass, or meat quality traits. The supplemented diet resulted in lower growth performance, attributed either to a carry-over effect of the lower initial BW, or to a possible catabolic effect of vitamins C and E when supplemented simultaneously at high levels. Heat stress reduced slaughter and carcass weights, average daily gain and feed intake, and increased feed conversion. Growth performance of pair-fed chickens was similar to that of heat stressed chickens. Exposure to heat stress increased carcass and abdominal fat percentages, but reduced breast, liver and heart percentages. Pair-fed chickens showed the lowest fat percentage and their breast percentage was similar to controls. Heat stress increased meat pH and negatively affected meat color and cooking loss. In pair-fed chickens, meat color was similar to the heat stressed group. Shear force was not influenced by heat stress, but pair-fed chickens showed the tenderest meat. In conclusion, reduction in growth performance and negative changes in meat color in heat stressed chickens were attributed to depression in feed intake, whereas negative changes in body composition, higher meat pH and cooking loss were credited to high ambient temperature per se. Diet supplementation with vitamins C and E as antioxidants did not mitigate any of these negative effects.
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Grayson BE, Hakala-Finch AP, Kekulawala M, Laub H, Egan AE, Ressler IB, Woods SC, Herman JP, Seeley RJ, Benoit SC, Ulrich-Lai YM. Weight loss by calorie restriction versus bariatric surgery differentially regulates the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenocortical axis in male rats. Stress 2014; 17:484-93. [PMID: 25238021 PMCID: PMC4415587 DOI: 10.3109/10253890.2014.967677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Behavioral modifications for the treatment of obesity, including caloric restriction, have notoriously low long-term success rates relative to bariatric weight-loss surgery. The reasons for the difference in sustained weight loss are not clear. One possibility is that caloric restriction alone activates the stress-responsive hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenocortical (HPA) axis, undermining the long-term maintenance of weight loss, and that this is abrogated after bariatric surgery. Accordingly, we compared the HPA response to weight loss in five groups of male rats: (1) high-fat diet-induced obese (DIO) rats treated with Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery (RYGB, n = 7), (2) DIO rats treated with vertical sleeve gastrectomy (VSG, n = 11), (3) DIO rats given sham surgery and subsequently restricted to the food intake of the VSG/RYGB groups (Pair-fed, n = 11), (4) ad libitum-fed DIO rats given sham surgery (Obese, n = 11) and (5) ad libitum chow-fed rats given sham surgery (Lean, n = 12). Compared with Lean controls, food-restricted rats exhibited elevated morning (nadir) non-stress plasma corticosterone concentration and increased hypothalamic corticotropin-releasing hormone and vasopressin mRNA expression, indicative of basal HPA activation. This was largely prevented when weight loss was achieved by bariatric surgery. DIO increased HPA activation by acute (novel environment) stress and this was diminished by bariatric surgery-, but not pair-feeding-, induced weight loss. These results indicate that the HPA axis is differentially affected by weight loss from caloric restriction versus bariatric surgery, and this may contribute to the differing long-term effectiveness of these two weight-loss approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernadette E. Grayson
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University of Cincinnati School of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45237
- Corresponding author, request for reprints: Bernadette E. Grayson, Metabolic Diseases Institute, University of Cincinnati, 2170 E. Galbraith Rd., Cincinnati, OH 45237, , ph: 513-748-4850, fax: 513-297-0966
| | - Andrew P. Hakala-Finch
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Cincinnati School of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45237
| | - Melani Kekulawala
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Cincinnati School of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45237
| | - Holly Laub
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Cincinnati School of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45237
| | - Ann E. Egan
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Cincinnati School of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45237
| | - Ilana B. Ressler
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Cincinnati School of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45237
| | - Stephen C. Woods
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Cincinnati School of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45237
| | - James P. Herman
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Cincinnati School of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45237
| | - Randy J. Seeley
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University of Cincinnati School of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45237
| | - Stephen C. Benoit
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Cincinnati School of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45237
| | - Yvonne M. Ulrich-Lai
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Cincinnati School of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45237
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Asanuma F, Miyata H, Iwaki Y, Kimura M, Matsumoto K. Evaluation of Short-term Myelotoxicity Study in Dietary Reduced Rats. J Toxicol Pathol 2010; 23:31-7. [PMID: 22272009 PMCID: PMC3234654 DOI: 10.1293/tox.23.31] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2009] [Accepted: 11/20/2009] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
This study attempted to prove our hypothesis that a short-term toxicity study,
using a 4-day dosing regimen as an example, is suitable for evaluating
myelotoxicity in rats. We compared the hematological, bone marrow cytological
and histopathological results of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) treated and pair-feeding
groups after a 4-day administration period. Several experimental groups were
defined for this 4-day study as well as for our previously reported 14-day study
(Miyata et al., 2009); these included 5-FU treated groups
receiving 12, 15 and 18 mg/kg/day (FU12, FU15 and FU18), pair-feeding groups
(R12, R15 and R18 receiving the same amount of food as the FU12, FU15 and FU18
groups, respectively) and a nontreated control group. Although severe reductions
in body weight gain and food consumption were reported in the 14-day study, only
slight reductions were observed in the 4-day study. In the 4-day study, a
decrease in blood reticulocytes and a decreasing trend of marrow erythroid cells
were only observed in the FU18 group, and no effects were observed in the
pair-feeding groups. The erythroblastic changes observed in this 4-day study
were thought to reflect the direct influence of 5-FU administration. Since
concerns regarding the influence of secondary changes related to undernutrition
were minimized in the 4-day study, it was thought to clarify the direct
influence of 5-FU administration on erythroblastic cells. Thus, a 4-day study
protocol might be helpful for distinguishing secondary changes related to
undernutrition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fumiko Asanuma
- Drug Safety and Pharmacokinetics Laboratories, Taisho
Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 1–403 Yoshino-cho, Kita-ku, Saitama-shi, Saitama
331-9530, Japan
| | - Hiroto Miyata
- Drug Safety and Pharmacokinetics Laboratories, Taisho
Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 1–403 Yoshino-cho, Kita-ku, Saitama-shi, Saitama
331-9530, Japan
| | - Yoshinobu Iwaki
- Drug Safety and Pharmacokinetics Laboratories, Taisho
Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 1–403 Yoshino-cho, Kita-ku, Saitama-shi, Saitama
331-9530, Japan
| | - Masaaki Kimura
- Drug Safety and Pharmacokinetics Laboratories, Taisho
Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 1–403 Yoshino-cho, Kita-ku, Saitama-shi, Saitama
331-9530, Japan
| | - Kiyoshi Matsumoto
- Division of Laboratory Animal Research, Department of Life
Science, Research Center for Human and Environmental Sciences, Shinshu
University, 3–1–1 Asahi, Matsumoto-shi, Nagano 390-8621, Japan
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Asanuma F, Miyata H, Iwaki Y, Kimura M, Matsumoto K. Importance of starting age for myelotoxicity study in dietary restricted rats. J Toxicol Pathol 2009; 22:153-66. [PMID: 22271989 PMCID: PMC3252037 DOI: 10.1293/tox.22.153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2009] [Accepted: 03/24/2009] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to prove our hypothesis that adult rats with lowering of body weight gain, rats at 12 weeks of age as an example, are suitable for evaluation of myelotoxicity. Age-related differences between young rats (6-week-old study) and adult rats (12-week-old study) were analyzed in hematological examination values. The data of the young rats were reprinted from our previous report (Miyata et al., 2009) since our hypothesis was verified by comparison with that previous report. Several experimental groups were defined for the 12-week-old study as well as for the 6-week-old study; these included 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) treated groups receiving 12, 15 and 18 mg/kg/day (FU12, FU15 and FU18), pair-feeding groups (R12, R15 and R18 receiving the same amount of food as in the FU12, FU15 and FU18 groups, respectively) and a nontreated control group. Numerous hematologic and bone marrow parameters in the 5-FU treated groups were comparable to those in the corresponding pair-feeding groups in both age studies. Generally, the influences of undernutrition were more apparent in the young rats than in the adult rats. Histopathological examinations showed a decrease in hematopoiesis in the bone marrow in the 5-FU treated and pair-feeding groups. No apparent differences were observed in the decreased hematopoiesis between the 5-FU treated and pair-feeding groups in the 6-week-old study, but a difference between these groups was noted in the 12-week-old study; decreased hematopoiesis was more frequently noted in the 5-FU treated groups. These facts suggest that adult rats are more suitable than young rats for evaluation of 5-FU-induced myelotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fumiko Asanuma
- Drug Safety and Pharmacokinetics Laboratories, Taisho Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 1–403 Yoshino-cho, Kita-ku, Saitama-shi, Saitama 331-9530, Japan
| | - Hiroto Miyata
- Drug Safety and Pharmacokinetics Laboratories, Taisho Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 1–403 Yoshino-cho, Kita-ku, Saitama-shi, Saitama 331-9530, Japan
| | - Yoshinobu Iwaki
- Drug Safety and Pharmacokinetics Laboratories, Taisho Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 1–403 Yoshino-cho, Kita-ku, Saitama-shi, Saitama 331-9530, Japan
| | - Masaaki Kimura
- Drug Safety and Pharmacokinetics Laboratories, Taisho Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 1–403 Yoshino-cho, Kita-ku, Saitama-shi, Saitama 331-9530, Japan
| | - Kiyoshi Matsumoto
- Division of Laboratory Animal Research, Department of Life Science, Research Center for Human and Environmental Sciences, Shinshu University, 3–1–1 Asahi, Matsumoto-shi, Nagano 390-8621, Japan
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Mystkowski P, Seeley RJ, Hahn TM, Baskin DG, Havel PJ, Matsumoto AM, Wilkinson CW, Peacock-Kinzig K, Blake KA, Schwartz MW. Hypothalamic melanin-concentrating hormone and estrogen-induced weight loss. J Neurosci 2000; 20:8637-42. [PMID: 11069973 PMCID: PMC6773179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Melanin-concentrating hormone (MCH) is an orexigenic neuropeptide produced by neurons of the lateral hypothalamic area (LHA). Because genetic MCH deficiency induces hypophagia and loss of body fat, we hypothesized that MCH neurons may represent a specific LHA pathway that, when inhibited, contributes to the pathogenesis of certain anorexia syndromes. To test this hypothesis, we measured behavioral, hormonal, and hypothalamic neuropeptide responses in two models of hyperestrogenemia in male rats, a highly reproducible anorexia paradigm. Whereas estrogen-induced weight loss engaged multiple systems that normally favor recovery of lost weight, the expected increase of MCH mRNA expression induced by energy restriction was selectively and completely abolished. These findings identify MCH neurons as specific targets of estrogen action and suggest that inhibition of these neurons may contribute to the hypophagic effect of estrogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Mystkowski
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington and Veterans Affairs (VA) Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, Washington 98104, USA
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