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Szűcs Z, Cziáky Z, Volánszki L, Máthé C, Vasas G, Gonda S. Production of Polyphenolic Natural Products by Bract-Derived Tissue Cultures of Three Medicinal Tilia spp.: A Comparative Untargeted Metabolomics Study. Plants (Basel) 2024; 13:1288. [PMID: 38794359 DOI: 10.3390/plants13101288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2024] [Revised: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
Medicinal plant tissue cultures are potential sources of bioactive compounds. In this study, we report the chemical characterization of the callus cultures of three medicinal Tilia spp. (Tilia cordata, Tilia vulgaris and Tilia tomentosa), along with the comparison to bracts and flowers of the same species. Our aim was to show that calli of Tilia spp. are good alternatives to the calli of T. americana for the production of polyphenols and are better sources of a subset of polyphenolic metabolites, compared to the original organs. Calli were initiated from young bracts and grown on woody plant medium containing 1 mg L-1 2,4-D and 0.1 mg L-1 BAP. For chemical characterization, a quality-controlled untargeted metabolomics approach and the quantification of several bioactive compounds was performed with the use of LC-ESI-MS/MS. While bracts and flowers contained flavonoid glycosides (astragalin, isoquercitrin) as major polyphenols, calli of all species contained catechins, coumarins (fraxin, esculin and scopoletin) and flavane aglyca. T. tomentosa calli contained 5397 µg g DW-1 catechin, 201 µg g DW-1 esculin, 218 µg g DW-1 taxifolin and 273 µg g DW-1 eriodictyol, while calli from other species contained lower amounts. T. cordata and T. tomentosa flowers were rich in isoquercitrin, containing 8134 and 6385 µg g DW-1, respectively. The currently tested species contained many of the bioactive metabolites described from T. americana. The production of catechin was shown to be comparable to the most efficient tissue cultures reported. Flowers and bracts contained flavonoid glycosides, including tiliroside, resembling bioactive fractions of T. americana. In addition, untargeted metabolomics has shown fingerprint-like differences among species, highlighting possible chemotaxonomic and quality control applications, especially for bracts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zsolt Szűcs
- Department of Botany, Division of Pharmacognosy, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
- Healthcare Industry Institute, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Zoltán Cziáky
- Agricultural and Molecular Research and Service Institute, University of Nyíregyháza, Sóstói út 31/b, 4400 Nyíregyháza, Hungary
| | - László Volánszki
- Department of Botany, Division of Pharmacognosy, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
- Doctoral School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Csaba Máthé
- Department of Botany, Division of Pharmacognosy, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Gábor Vasas
- Department of Botany, Division of Pharmacognosy, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
- Balaton Limnological Research Institute, HUN-REN (Hungarian Research Network), Klebelsberg K. u. 3, 8237 Tihany, Hungary
| | - Sándor Gonda
- Department of Botany, Division of Pharmacognosy, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
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Sharon O, Kagan-Trushina N, Sharon A. Wheat fungal endophyte communities are inseparable from the host and influence plant development. mBio 2024; 15:e0253323. [PMID: 38132833 PMCID: PMC10865843 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.02533-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Plants harbor complex and highly diverse fungal endophyte communities (FECs), making it difficult to evaluate the functional role of individual taxa, subsets of the community, or the FEC as a whole. To reduce the complexity of this system, we aimed to produce fungi-null wheat (Triticum aestivum) plants. To this end, we treated seeds with heat and fungicides and generated plants from rescued embryos and callus tissue. A culture-based approach and reverse transcription PCR analysis were negative, indicating that all treatments produced plants apparently free of fungi. However, the analysis of DNA using digital droplet PCR and next-generation sequencing revealed that tissues from all treatments retained low levels but diversity-rich FECs. While the FECs varied in composition across treatments and tissues, they all included core taxa of the mycobiome. The reduced fungal biomass, along with the changes in FEC composition, negatively affected plant development, supporting a FEC contribution to proper plant development and fitness. Our discovery that a large part of the FEC cannot be separated from plants and can be transmitted through seeds and tissue culture calls for reevaluation of particular microbiome paradigms, such as core taxa concepts, transmission modes, and functional species.IMPORTANCEThe native microbiome in a given plant must be considered when evaluating the effect of a single taxon or synthetic community. The pre-existing microbiome can interact with artificially added microbial cargo, which affects the final outcome. Such issues can be at least partially solved by the use of endophyte-free plants, which provide a clean background that should be useful in determining the effect of a single taxon, taxa combinations, or the entire microbiome on plant performance. Previous reports regarded plants as endophyte-free or axenic by the lack of fungal growth on culture media or the generation of plants from tissue cultures. We showed here that while fungi could not be isolated from fungicide-treated or tissue culture-regenerated plants, nevertheless, all plants contained rich fungal endophyte communities; namely, it was impossible to create fungi-free wheat plants. Our results call for rethinking fundamental microbiome-related concepts, such as core taxa, transmission mode, and functional species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Or Sharon
- School of Plant Sciences and Food Security, Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Institute for Cereal Crops Research, Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Naomi Kagan-Trushina
- School of Plant Sciences and Food Security, Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Amir Sharon
- School of Plant Sciences and Food Security, Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Institute for Cereal Crops Research, Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
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Zhang CX, Li RJ, Baude L, Reinhardt D, Xie ZP, Staehelin C. CRISPR/Cas9-Mediated Generation of Mutant Lines in Medicago truncatula Indicates a Symbiotic Role of MtLYK10 during Nodule Formation. Biology (Basel) 2024; 13:53. [PMID: 38275729 PMCID: PMC10812973 DOI: 10.3390/biology13010053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
CRISPR/Cas9 systems are commonly used for plant genome editing; however, the generation of homozygous mutant lines in Medicago truncatula remains challenging. Here, we present a CRISPR/Cas9-based protocol that allows the efficient generation of M. truncatula mutants. Gene editing was performed for the LysM receptor kinase gene MtLYK10 and two major facilitator superfamily transporter genes. The functionality of CRISPR/Cas9 vectors was tested in Nicotiana benthamiana leaves by editing a co-transformed GUSPlus gene. Transformed M. truncatula leaf explants were regenerated to whole plants at high efficiency (80%). An editing efficiency (frequency of mutations at a given target site) of up to 70% was reached in the regenerated plants. Plants with MtLYK10 knockout mutations were propagated, and three independent homozygous mutant lines were further characterized. No off-target mutations were identified in these lyk10 mutants. Finally, the lyk10 mutants and wild-type plants were compared with respect to the formation of root nodules induced by nitrogen-fixing Sinorhizobium meliloti bacteria. Nodule formation was considerably delayed in the three lyk10 mutant lines. Surprisingly, the size of the rare nodules in mutant plants was higher than in wild-type plants. In conclusion, the symbiotic characterization of lyk10 mutants generated with the developed CRISPR/Cas9 protocol indicated a role of MtLYK10 in nodule formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Xiao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Ru-Jie Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Laura Baude
- Department of Biology, University of Fribourg, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Didier Reinhardt
- Department of Biology, University of Fribourg, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Zhi-Ping Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Christian Staehelin
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
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Sale S, Subramaniam S, Mad’ Atari MF. Trends in the Tissue Culture Techniques and the Synthesis of Bioactive Compounds in Eurycoma longifolia Jack-Current Status and Future Perspectives. Plants (Basel) 2023; 13:107. [PMID: 38202415 PMCID: PMC10780575 DOI: 10.3390/plants13010107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Over the last two decades, there has been a concerted effort by researchers to mass propagate Eurycoma longifolia and improve the yield of its very important and sought-after anti-cancer and aphrodisiac bioactive compounds. To achieve this, various techniques have been used to mass propagate and improve the yield of these bioactive compounds in tissue cultures. These techniques include the optimization of media conditions and application of various types and combinations of plant growth regulators (PGRs). In addition, some elicitation techniques have been used to improve the synthesis of these bioactive compounds. However, in comparison with other herbal species with similar economic importance, many techniques have not been applied to E. longifolia. Adopting the most recent methodologies would ensure efficiency and sustainability in the in vitro production of bioactive compounds in E. longifolia. Therefore, in this review, we present an up-to-date record on the success stories in the tissue culture techniques and synthesis of bioactive compounds. In addition, we attempted to identify some of the missing links on the road to the effective and sustainable biotechnological utilization of this super important biological resource.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sani Sale
- School of Biological Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM), Georgetown 11800, Penang, Malaysia
- Department of Botany, Gombe State University, P.M.B 127, Gombe 760214, Nigeria
| | - Sreeramanan Subramaniam
- School of Biological Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM), Georgetown 11800, Penang, Malaysia
- Centre for Chemical Biology (CCB), Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM), Bayan Lepas 11900, Penang, Malaysia
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya 60115, Indonesia
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Quintana-Escobar AO, Bojórquez-Velázquez E, Ruiz-May E, Loyola-Vargas VM. Proteomic Approach during the Induction of Somatic Embryogenesis in Coffea canephora. Plants (Basel) 2023; 12:4095. [PMID: 38140424 PMCID: PMC10748034 DOI: 10.3390/plants12244095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Revised: 10/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
Plant growth regulators (PGR) are essential for somatic embryogenesis (SE) in different species, and Coffea canephora is no exception. In our study model, previously, we have been able to elucidate the participation of various genes involved in SE by using different strategies; however, until now, we have not used a proteomic approach. This research seeks to contribute to understanding the primary cellular pathways involved in developing SE in C. canephora. The process of our model consists of two stages: (1) preconditioning in MS medium with auxin (NAA) and cytokinin (KIN), and (2) induction in Yasuda liquid medium added with cytokinin (BA). Therefore, in this study, we analyzed different days of the SE induction process using shotgun label-free proteomics. An amount of 1630 proteins was found among different sampling days of the process, of which the majority were accumulated during the induction stage. We found that some of the most enriched pathways during this process were the biosynthesis of amino acids and secondary metabolites. Eighteen proteins were found related to auxin homeostasis and two to cytokinin metabolism, such as ABC, BIG, ILR, LOG, and ARR. Ten proteins and transcription factors related to SE were also identified, like SERK1, SKP1, nuclear transcription factor Y, MADS-box, and calreticulin, and 19 related to other processes of plant development, among which the 14-3-3 and PP2A proteins stand out. This is the first report on the proteomic approach to elucidate the mechanisms that operate during the induction of SE in C. canephora. So, our findings provide the groundwork for future, more in-depth research. Data are available via ProteomeXchange Consortium via the PRIDE partner repository with the dataset identifier PXD047172.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Odetth Quintana-Escobar
- Unidad de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular de Plantas, Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán, Calle 43, No. 130 x 32 y 34, Mérida CP 97205, Yucatán, Mexico;
| | - Esaú Bojórquez-Velázquez
- Red de Estudios Moleculares Avanzados, Clúster Científico y Tecnológico BioMimic®, Instituto de Ecología A.C. (INECOL), Carretera Antigua a Coatepec No. 351, Congregación el Haya, Xalapa CP 91070, Veracruz, Mexico; (E.B.-V.); (E.R.-M.)
| | - Eliel Ruiz-May
- Red de Estudios Moleculares Avanzados, Clúster Científico y Tecnológico BioMimic®, Instituto de Ecología A.C. (INECOL), Carretera Antigua a Coatepec No. 351, Congregación el Haya, Xalapa CP 91070, Veracruz, Mexico; (E.B.-V.); (E.R.-M.)
| | - Víctor Manuel Loyola-Vargas
- Unidad de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular de Plantas, Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán, Calle 43, No. 130 x 32 y 34, Mérida CP 97205, Yucatán, Mexico;
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Zhang Y, Zhang J, Yin J, Liu Y, Cai X. Plant Regeneration via Organogenesis in Jerusalem Artichokes and Comparative Analysis of Endogenous Hormones and Antioxidant Enzymes in Typical and Atypical Shoots. Plants (Basel) 2023; 12:3789. [PMID: 38005688 PMCID: PMC10675715 DOI: 10.3390/plants12223789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023]
Abstract
The Jerusalem artichoke (Helianthus tuberosus) is a tuberous plant with considerable nutrient and bioactive compounds. The optimization of the in vitro clonal propagation protocol is critical for large-scale reproduction and biotechnological applications of Jerusalem artichoke production. In this work, in vitro plant regeneration from the stem nodes of the Jerusalem artichoke via direct organogenesis is presented. In the shoot induction stage, the stem segments produced more shoots with vigorous growth on MS medium containing 0.5 mg/L 6-benzylaminopurine (6-BA). The concentrations of 6-BA and gibberellic acid (GA3) were both optimized at 0.5 mg/L for shoot multiplication, and the combination of 0.05 mg/L indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) and 0.05 mg/L 1-naphthylacetic acid (NAA) was the most responsive for root induction, yielding the largest number of roots. The regenerated plantlets were successfully hardened at a 96% survival rate and vigorously grew in the field. The genetic stability of the regenerated plants was confirmed by flow cytometry and simple sequence repeat (SSR) analysis. However, 17.3% of shoots on the optimum shoot induction medium had withered leaves and excessive callus (atypical shoots), which greatly reduced the induction efficiency. Enzyme activity in the typical and atypical shoots was compared. The atypical shoots had significantly higher levels of endogenous indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) and abscisic acid (ABA), as well as increased activity of catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POD), and superoxide dismutase (SOD), whereas the content of 6-BA, zeatin (ZT), and GA3 was significantly reduced. The activity of the three enzymes was positively correlated with the content of IAA and ABA, while being negatively correlated with that of 6-BA, ZT, and GA3. The results suggest that the poor growth of the atypical shoots might be closely related to the significant accumulation of endogenous IAA and ABA, thus significantly increasing antioxidant enzyme activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiming Zhang
- Spice Crops Research Institute, College of Horticulture and Gardening, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, China; (Y.Z.); (J.Z.)
| | - Jiahui Zhang
- Spice Crops Research Institute, College of Horticulture and Gardening, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, China; (Y.Z.); (J.Z.)
| | - Junliang Yin
- College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, China;
| | - Yiqing Liu
- Spice Crops Research Institute, College of Horticulture and Gardening, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, China; (Y.Z.); (J.Z.)
| | - Xiaodong Cai
- Spice Crops Research Institute, College of Horticulture and Gardening, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, China; (Y.Z.); (J.Z.)
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Kobtrakul K, Rani D, Binalee A, Udomlarp P, Srichai T, De-Eknamkul W, Vimolmangkang S. Elicitation enhances the production of friedelin and epifriedelanol in hairy root cultures of Cannabis sativa L. Front Plant Sci 2023; 14:1242584. [PMID: 37636107 PMCID: PMC10451078 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1242584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
Cannabis sativa L. (hemp) has a global distribution and social impact, and it is widely used as a medicinal plant, food ingredient, and textile fiber. Its roots have received less attention than other parts, especially the inflorescence, leaves, and shoots. Triterpenoids, including friedelin and epifriedelanol, have been found in hemp roots, and their anti-inflammatory effects have been reported. In this study, the potential enhancement of triterpenoid accumulation in the roots of C. sativa by elicitation was examined. Hairy roots were successfully established, and they contained 2.02-fold higher triterpenoid levels than natural roots. Furthermore, hairy roots treated with 75 μM salicylic acid had 1.95-fold higher friedelin levels (0.963 mg/g DW) and 1.4-fold higher epifriedelanol levels (0.685 mg/g DW) than untreated hairy roots. These results suggested that the elucidation of hairy root cultures using an optimized elicitor could represent an alternative strategy to produce the valuable triterpenoids friedelin and epifriedelanol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khwanlada Kobtrakul
- Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology Program, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Dolly Rani
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Asma Binalee
- Herbal and Phytochemical Testing Laboratory Center (HPTLC), Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Pattarapol Udomlarp
- Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology Program, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Tatiya Srichai
- Research Cluster for Cannabis and its Natural Substances, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Wanchai De-Eknamkul
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Herbal and Phytochemical Testing Laboratory Center (HPTLC), Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Sornkanok Vimolmangkang
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Research Cluster for Cannabis and its Natural Substances, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Plant-Produced Pharmaceuticals, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
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Reshi ZA, Ahmad W, Lukatkin AS, Javed SB. From Nature to Lab: A Review of Secondary Metabolite Biosynthetic Pathways, Environmental Influences, and In Vitro Approaches. Metabolites 2023; 13:895. [PMID: 37623839 PMCID: PMC10456650 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13080895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 07/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Secondary metabolites are gaining an increasing importance in various industries, such as pharmaceuticals, dyes, and food, as is the need for reliable and efficient methods of procuring these compounds. To develop sustainable and cost-effective approaches, a comprehensive understanding of the biosynthetic pathways and the factors influencing secondary metabolite production is essential. These compounds are a unique type of natural product which recognizes the oxidative damage caused by stresses, thereby activating the defence mechanism in plants. Various methods have been developed to enhance the production of secondary metabolites in plants. The elicitor-induced in vitro culture technique is considered an efficient tool for studying and improving the production of secondary metabolites in plants. In the present review, we have documented various biosynthetic pathways and the role of secondary metabolites under diverse environmental stresses. Furthermore, a practical strategy for obtaining consistent and abundant secondary metabolite production via various elicitation agents used in culturing techniques is also mentioned. By elucidating the intricate interplay of regulatory factors, this review paves the way for future advancements in sustainable and efficient production methods for high-value secondary metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zubair Altaf Reshi
- Plant Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Botany, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, India; (Z.A.R.); (W.A.)
| | - Waquar Ahmad
- Plant Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Botany, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, India; (Z.A.R.); (W.A.)
| | - Alexander S. Lukatkin
- Department of General Biology and Ecology, N.P. Ogarev Mordovia State University, 430005 Saransk, Russia
| | - Saad Bin Javed
- Plant Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Botany, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, India; (Z.A.R.); (W.A.)
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Luo Y, Zheng K, Liu X, Tao J, Sun X, Deng Y, Deng X. In Vitro Propagation and Genetic Uniformity Assessment of Manglietiastrum sinicum: A Critically Endangered Magnoliaceae Species. Plants (Basel) 2023; 12:2500. [PMID: 37447061 DOI: 10.3390/plants12132500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2023] [Revised: 06/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
Manglietiastrum sinicum Y.W. Law is a critically endangered species with great ornamental and commercial value, which urgently requires protection. We tested different combinations of basal media and plant growth regulators to determine (i) the optimal conditions for bud induction and proliferation of explants and (ii) optimal rooting conditions. RAPD- and ISSR-PCR were used to assess the genetic fidelity of regenerated plantlets. Murashige and Skoog medium (MS) supplemented with 0.5 mg/L 6-benzyladenine (BA) and 0.05 mg/L indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) is the optimal medium for bud induction (100% induction). MSM medium (a special basal medium for M. sinicum) was more suitable for the efficient proliferation and rooting of M. sinicum. Maximum bud proliferation rate (446.20%) was obtained on MSM, with 0.4 mg/L BA, 0.5 mg/L kinetin, and 0.06 mg/L IBA, while maximum root induction rate (88.89%) was obtained on MSM supplemented with 0.4 mg/L 1-naphthylacetic acid and 1.0 mg/L IBA with a 7-day initial darkness treatment. The rooted plantlets were transferred to a substrate containing peat soil, perlite, coconut chaff, and bark (volume ratio 2:1:1:1), with a resulting survival rate of 92.2%. RAPD and ISSR markers confirmed the genetic uniformity and stability of regenerated plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiyang Luo
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, Guangzhou 510642, China
- College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Keyuan Zheng
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Resources, Shanghai Chenshan Botanical Garden, Shanghai 201602, China
| | - Xiaodi Liu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, Guangzhou 510642, China
- College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Jialu Tao
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, Guangzhou 510642, China
- College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Xugao Sun
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, Guangzhou 510642, China
- College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Yanwen Deng
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, Guangzhou 510642, China
- College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Xiaomei Deng
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, Guangzhou 510642, China
- College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
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Rodrigues MJ, Castañeda-Loaiza V, Fernandes E, Custódio L. A First Approach for the Micropropagation of the Edible and Medicinal Halophyte Inula crithmoides L. Plants (Basel) 2023; 12:2366. [PMID: 37375991 DOI: 10.3390/plants12122366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
Inula crithmoides L. (golden samphire) is an edible aromatic halophyte species with confirmed nutritional and medicinal properties attributed to the presence of important metabolites, including proteins, carotenoids, vitamins, and minerals. Therefore, this study aimed at establishing a micropropagation protocol for golden samphire that can serve as a nursery approach to its standardized commercial cultivation. For that purpose, a complete regeneration protocol was developed by improving shoot multiplication from nodal explants, rooting, and acclimatization methodologies. The treatment with BAP alone induced the maximum shoot formation (7-7.8 shoots/explant), while IAA treatment increased the shoot height (9.26-9.5 cm). Furthermore, the treatment that coupled best shoot multiplication (7.8 shoots/explant) and highest shoot height (7.58 cm) was MS medium supplemented with 0.25 mg/L BAP. Moreover, all shoots produced roots (100% rooting), and multiplication treatments did not exert significant effect on root length (7.8-9.7 cm/plantlet). Moreover, by the end of the rooting phase, plantlets cultivated with 0.25 mg/L BAP had the highest shoot number (4.2 shoots/plantlet), and plantlets from 0.6 mg/L IAA + 1 mg/L BAP presented the highest shoot height (14.2 cm) similar to control plantlets (14.0 cm). The survival up to the ex-vitro acclimatization stage was increased from 9.8% (control) to 83.3%, when plants were treated with a paraffin solution. Nevertheless, the in vitro multiplication of golden samphire is a promising way for its rapid propagation and can be used as a nursery method, contributing to the development of this species as an alternative food and medicinal crop.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria João Rodrigues
- Centre of Marine Sciences, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of Algarve, Campus of Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
| | - Viana Castañeda-Loaiza
- Centre of Marine Sciences, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of Algarve, Campus of Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
| | - Eliana Fernandes
- Centre of Marine Sciences, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of Algarve, Campus of Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
| | - Luísa Custódio
- Centre of Marine Sciences, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of Algarve, Campus of Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
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Vasquez-Delgado JS, Vivas-Moncayo JE, Lopez-Cortes JV, Combariza MY, Montoya G. Pharmacokinetic assessment and phytochemical triterpene control from Cecropia angustifolia using plant biotechnology. Phytochem Anal 2023. [PMID: 37322841 DOI: 10.1002/pca.3252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Revised: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Cecropia angustifolia Trécul. is a native Andean plant containing high levels of pentacyclic triterpenes (PTs), including several isobaric molecules that serve as chemical markers. Preclinical studies suggest that PTs positively modulate metabolic and vascular diseases. However, their low oral absorption reduces their bioactive effects. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was (1) to improve the absorption of PTs from C. angustifolia and (2) to establish a platform to produce biomass or botanical reference material using a strategy for their accumulation. METHODS MALDI-TOF and UPLC-MS were used to characterize and quantify PTs in different matrices. An in vitro platform for PT production was established. Chemical profiles of triterpenes were also evaluated from wild and in vitro herbal material using TLC coupled with mass spectrometry. RESULTS To overcome the low absorption of PTs, a premier raw material was used, which increased their bioavailability to 9.2%. Active ingredients in herbal material can vary, and there is an urgent need for standardized extracts using pharmacokinetics as an effective tool to reveal the dynamics of active ingredients in vivo. A temporary immersion system was produced as a promising platform with a total PT accumulation exceeding 50% of the content in the dry fraction, indicating it is a feasible mechanism to produce biomass or botanical reference material. CONCLUSIONS Plant tissue culture is a promising eco-friendly technology for phytochemical production and a modern strategy to protect biodiversity in natural assets. Alternative and modern, yet environmentally friendly production methods are needed to meet the large demand for herbal products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan S Vasquez-Delgado
- Maestría en Ciencias-Biotecnología. Departamento de Ciencias Farmacéuticas y Químicas, Universidad Icesi, Cali, Valle del Cauca, Colombia
| | - Juan E Vivas-Moncayo
- Maestría en Ciencias-Biotecnología. Departamento de Ciencias Farmacéuticas y Químicas, Universidad Icesi, Cali, Valle del Cauca, Colombia
| | - Johanna V Lopez-Cortes
- Maestría en Ciencias-Biotecnología. Departamento de Ciencias Farmacéuticas y Químicas, Universidad Icesi, Cali, Valle del Cauca, Colombia
| | - Marianny Y Combariza
- Escuela de Química, Universidad Industrial de Santander, Bucaramanga, Santander, Colombia
| | - Guillermo Montoya
- Facultad de Ingeniería, Diseño y Ciencias Aplicadas. Escuela de Ciencias Aplicadas e Industria Sostenible, Departamento de Ciencias Farmacéuticas y Químicas, Universidad Icesi, Cali, Valle del Cauca, Colombia
- BioInc - Center for Biomass Valorization Research, Universidad Icesi, Cali, Valle del Cauca, Colombia
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12
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Nakurte I, Berga M, Mežaka I. Phytochemical Diversity Comparison in Leaves and Roots of Wild and Micropropagated Latvian Sea Holly ( Eryngium maritimum L.). Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28093924. [PMID: 37175333 PMCID: PMC10180267 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28093924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Revised: 04/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The goal of the current study was to compare the chemical composition of the roots, shoots, and leaves of wild-growing Eryngium maritimum L., and of in vitro and in field-cultivated plants in Latvia. The essential oil yield obtained by hydrodistillation ranged from 0.14% to 0.54%, while analysis of the chemical composition using GC-MS revealed a total of 44 different volatiles, with differences in the types and amounts of volatiles between the leaves and roots. Using 96-well plate techniques, the concentration of total phenolic compounds, saponins, and sugars in the aqueous ethanolic extracts of E. maritimum were assessed, along with their capacity to scavenge stable DPPH radicals. Extracts from roots had a lower concentration of total phenolic compounds compared to those from the leaves of wild grown and cultivated plants but did not differ from in vitro shoots. Root, leaf, and shoot samples of the same genotype from different growth conditions had approximately the same concentration of total saponins, while total sugar concentrations were higher in the roots. The growth conditions had a significant effect on the concentration of total phenolic compounds and antiradical activity, with differences that were significant observed between plant aboveground and belowground parts. Analysis using UHPLC-ESI-q-TOF-MS revealed 63 compounds, with amino acids and hydroxycinnamic acid derivatives (such as chlorogenic and rosmarinic acid) being the major compound groups that significantly differed between plant growth conditions. We also demonstrated that rapid screening of volatile compounds in in vitro plants using headspace gas chromatography mass spectrometry analyses can predict the formation of marker compounds in the same mericlones grown in field conditions. These findings provide valuable insights into the chemical composition of E. maritimum and its potential for use in various applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilva Nakurte
- Institute for Environmental Solutions, "Lidlauks", Priekuli Parish, LV-4126 Cesis, Latvia
| | - Marta Berga
- Institute for Environmental Solutions, "Lidlauks", Priekuli Parish, LV-4126 Cesis, Latvia
| | - Ieva Mežaka
- Institute for Environmental Solutions, "Lidlauks", Priekuli Parish, LV-4126 Cesis, Latvia
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Ji B, Xuan L, Zhang Y, Mu W, Paek KY, Park SY, Wang J, Gao W. Application of Data Modeling, Instrument Engineering and Nanomaterials in Selected Medid the Scientific Recinal Plant Tissue Culture. Plants (Basel) 2023; 12:1505. [PMID: 37050131 PMCID: PMC10096660 DOI: 10.3390/plants12071505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
At present, most precious compounds are still obtained by plant cultivation such as ginsenosides, glycyrrhizic acid, and paclitaxel, which cannot be easily obtained by artificial synthesis. Plant tissue culture technology is the most commonly used biotechnology tool, which can be used for a variety of studies such as the production of natural compounds, functional gene research, plant micropropagation, plant breeding, and crop improvement. Tissue culture material is a basic and important part of this issue. The formation of different plant tissues and natural products is affected by growth conditions and endogenous substances. The accumulation of secondary metabolites are affected by plant tissue type, culture method, and environmental stress. Multi-domain technologies are developing rapidly, and they have made outstanding contributions to the application of plant tissue culture. The modes of action have their own characteristics, covering the whole process of plant tissue from the induction, culture, and production of natural secondary metabolites. This paper reviews the induction mechanism of different plant tissues and the application of multi-domain technologies such as artificial intelligence, biosensors, bioreactors, multi-omics monitoring, and nanomaterials in plant tissue culture and the production of secondary metabolites. This will help to improve the tissue culture technology of medicinal plants and increase the availability and the yield of natural metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baoyu Ji
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
- Shool of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Liangshuang Xuan
- Shool of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Yunxiang Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Wenrong Mu
- Shool of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Kee-Yoeup Paek
- Department of Horticultural Science, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Republic of Korea
| | - So-Young Park
- Department of Horticultural Science, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Republic of Korea
| | - Juan Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Wenyuan Gao
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
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Zhang CC, Wang S, Wang YF, Wang HY, Qin M, Dai XY, Yan BB, Guo XZ, Zhou L, Lin HB, Guo LP. [Application of tissue culture technology of medicinal plants in sustainable development of Chinese medicinal resources]. Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi 2023; 48:1186-1193. [PMID: 37005802 DOI: 10.19540/j.cnki.cjcmm.20221017.104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2023]
Abstract
Chinese medicinal resources are the cornerstone of the sustainable development of traditional Chinese medicine industry. However, due to the fecundity of species, over-exploitation, and limitations of artificial cultivation, some medicinal plants are depleted and even endangered. Tissue culture, a breakthrough technology in the breeding of traditional Chinese medicinal materials, is not limited by time and space, and can allow the production on an annual basis, which plays an important role in the protection of Chinese medicinal resources. The present study reviewed the applications of tissue culture of medicinal plants in the field of Chinese medicinal resources, including rapid propagation of medicinal plant seedlings, breeding of novel high-yield and high-quality cultivars, construction of a genetic transformation system, and production of secondary metabolites. Meanwhile, the current challenges and suggestions for the future development of this field were also proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Cai Zhang
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica,China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences Beijing 100700, China
| | - Sheng Wang
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica,China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences Beijing 100700, China Dexing Research and Training Center of Chinese Medical Sciences Dexing 334213, China
| | - Yue-Feng Wang
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica,China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences Beijing 100700, China
| | - Hong-Yang Wang
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica,China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences Beijing 100700, China
| | - Ming Qin
- Dexing Research and Training Center of Chinese Medical Sciences Dexing 334213, China
| | - Xiao-Yu Dai
- Dexing Research and Training Center of Chinese Medical Sciences Dexing 334213, China
| | - Bin-Bin Yan
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica,China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences Beijing 100700, China Dexing Research and Training Center of Chinese Medical Sciences Dexing 334213, China
| | - Xiu-Zhi Guo
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica,China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences Beijing 100700, China
| | - Li Zhou
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica,China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences Beijing 100700, China
| | - Huai-Bin Lin
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica,China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences Beijing 100700, China
| | - Lan-Ping Guo
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica,China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences Beijing 100700, China
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15
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Bouzroud S, El Maaiden E, Sobeh M, Merghoub N, Boukcim H, Kouisni L, El Kharrassi Y. Biotechnological Approaches to Producing Natural Antioxidants: Anti-Ageing and Skin Longevity Prospects. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24021397. [PMID: 36674916 PMCID: PMC9867058 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24021397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Plants are the main source of bioactive compounds that can be used for the formulation of cosmetic products. Plant extracts have numerous proven health benefits, among which are anti-ageing and skin-care properties. However, with the increased demand for plant-derived cosmetic products, there is a crucial prerequisite for establishing alternative approaches to conventional methods to ensure sufficient biomass for sustainable production. Plant tissue culture techniques, such as in vitro root cultures, micropropagation, or callogenesis, offer the possibility to produce considerable amounts of bioactive compounds independent of external factors that may influence their production. This production can also be significantly increased with the implementation of other biotechnological approaches such as elicitation, metabolic engineering, precursor and/or nutrient feeding, immobilization, and permeabilization. This work aimed to evaluate the potential of biotechnological tools for producing bioactive compounds, with a focus on bioactive compounds with anti-ageing properties, which can be used for the development of green-label cosmeceutical products. In addition, some examples demonstrating the use of plant tissue culture techniques to produce high-value bioactive ingredients for cosmeceutical applications are also addressed, showing the importance of these tools and approaches for the sustainable production of plant-derived cosmetic products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Bouzroud
- African Sustainable Agriculture Research Institute (ASARI), Mohammed VI Polytechnic University (UM6P), Laâyoune 70000, Morocco
| | - Ezzouhra El Maaiden
- African Sustainable Agriculture Research Institute (ASARI), Mohammed VI Polytechnic University (UM6P), Laâyoune 70000, Morocco
| | - Mansour Sobeh
- AgroBioSciences Department (AgBS), Mohammed VI Polytechnic University (UM6P), Benguerir 43150, Morocco
| | - Nawal Merghoub
- AgroBioSciences Department (AgBS), Mohammed VI Polytechnic University (UM6P), Benguerir 43150, Morocco
- Green Biotechnology Center, Moroccan Foundation for Advanced Science, Innovation & Research (MAScIR), Rabat 10100, Morocco
| | - Hassan Boukcim
- African Sustainable Agriculture Research Institute (ASARI), Mohammed VI Polytechnic University (UM6P), Laâyoune 70000, Morocco
| | - Lamfeddal Kouisni
- African Sustainable Agriculture Research Institute (ASARI), Mohammed VI Polytechnic University (UM6P), Laâyoune 70000, Morocco
| | - Youssef El Kharrassi
- African Sustainable Agriculture Research Institute (ASARI), Mohammed VI Polytechnic University (UM6P), Laâyoune 70000, Morocco
- Correspondence:
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Nezami E, Gallego PP. History, Phylogeny, Biodiversity, and New Computer-Based Tools for Efficient Micropropagation and Conservation of Pistachio ( Pistacia spp.) Germplasm. Plants (Basel) 2023; 12:323. [PMID: 36679036 PMCID: PMC9864209 DOI: 10.3390/plants12020323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2022] [Revised: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The word "pstk" [pistag], used in the ancient Persian language, is the linguistic root from which the current name "pistachio", used worldwide, derives. The word pistachio is generally used to designate the plants and fruits of a single species: Pistacia vera L. Both the plant and its fruits have been used by mankind for thousands of years, specifically the consumption of its fruits by Neanderthals has been dated to about 300,000 years ago. Native to southern Central Asia (including northern Afghanistan and northeastern Iran), its domestication and cultivation occurred about 3000 years ago in this region, spreading to the rest of the Mediterranean basin during the Middle Ages and finally being exported to America and Australia at the end of the 19th century. The edible pistachio is an excellent source of unsaturated fatty acids, carbohydrates, proteins, dietary fiber, vitamins, minerals and bioactive phenolic compounds that help promote human health through their antioxidant capacity and biological activities. The distribution and genetic diversity of wild and domesticated pistachios have been declining due to increasing population pressure and climatic changes, which have destroyed natural pistachio habitats, and the monoculture of selected cultivars. As a result, the current world pistachio industry relies mainly on a very small number of commercial cultivars and rootstocks. In this review we discuss and summarize the current status of: etymology, origin, domestication, taxonomy and phylogeny by molecular analysis (RAPID, RFLP, AFLP, SSR, ISSR, IRAP, eSSR), main characteristics and world production, germplasm biodiversity, main cultivars and rootstocks, current conservation strategies of both conventional propagation (seeds, cutting, and grafting), and non-conventional propagation methods (cryopreservation, slow growth storage, synthetic seed techniques and micropropagation) and the application of computational tools (Design of Experiments (DoE) and Machine Learning: Artificial Neural Networks, Fuzzy logic and Genetic Algorithms) to design efficient micropropagation protocols for the genus Pistacia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esmaeil Nezami
- Department of Plant Breeding, Agriculture Research School, Nuclear Science and Technology Research Institute (NSTRI), Karaj P.O. Box 31485-498, Iran
| | - Pedro P. Gallego
- Department of Plant Biology and Soil Science, Faculty of Biology, University of Vigo, 36310 Vigo, Spain
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17
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Hasnain A, Naqvi SAH, Ayesha S, Khalid F, Ellahi M, Iqbal S, Hassan MZ, Abbas A, Adamski R, Markowska D, Baazeem A, Mustafa G, Moustafa M, Hasan ME, Abdelhamid MMA. Corrigendum: Plants in vitro propagation with its applications in food, pharmaceuticals and cosmetic industries; current scenario and future approaches. Front Plant Sci 2023; 14:1197747. [PMID: 37139107 PMCID: PMC10150055 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1197747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1009395.].
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Affiliation(s)
- Ammarah Hasnain
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
- *Correspondence: Ammarah Hasnain, ; Syed Atif Hasan Naqvi, ; Dorota Markowska,
| | - Syed Atif Hasan Naqvi
- Department of Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Technology (FAST), Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan
- *Correspondence: Ammarah Hasnain, ; Syed Atif Hasan Naqvi, ; Dorota Markowska,
| | - Syeda Iqra Ayesha
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Fatima Khalid
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Manahil Ellahi
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Shehzad Iqbal
- College of Plant Sciences and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Muhammad Zeeshan Hassan
- Department of Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Technology (FAST), Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Aqleem Abbas
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology and Provincial Key Lab of Plant Pathology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Robert Adamski
- Faculty of Process and Environmental Engineering, Lodz University of Technology, Lodz, Poland
| | - Dorota Markowska
- Faculty of Process and Environmental Engineering, Lodz University of Technology, Lodz, Poland
- *Correspondence: Ammarah Hasnain, ; Syed Atif Hasan Naqvi, ; Dorota Markowska,
| | - Alaa Baazeem
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ghulam Mustafa
- Department of Agriculture (Extension and Adoptive Research), Agriculture Extension Department of Government of Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Mahmoud Moustafa
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, South Valley University, Qena, Egypt
| | - Mohamed E. Hasan
- Bioinformatics Department, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute, University of Sadat City, Sadat City, Egypt
| | - Mohamed M. A. Abdelhamid
- Agricultural Botany Department, Faculty of Agriculture (Saba Basha), Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
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Bharati R, Sen MK, Kumar R, Gupta A, Sur VP, Melnikovová I, Fernández-Cusimamani E. Selection and Validation of the Most Suitable Reference Genes for Quantitative Real-Time PCR Normalization in Salvia rosmarinus under In Vitro Conditions. Plants (Basel) 2022; 11:2878. [PMID: 36365331 PMCID: PMC9655146 DOI: 10.3390/plants11212878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Revised: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Salvia rosmarinus L. (rosemary) is known to have a wide range of pharmacological effects including antidiabetic, anticarcinogenic, and antitumorigenic properties owing to its secondary metabolites. Studies aiming to elevate these metabolites have utilized various elicitors and stresses under in vitro conditions, although underlying molecular mechanisms remain unexplored. Gene expression studies using RT-qPCR might provide valuable information regarding how plant and plant cells interact and perceive various treatments and elicitors. However, despite being able to calculate accurate fold changes, the accuracy of the RT-qPCR data highly depends on the expression of reference genes. To the best of our knowledge, there is no information available on the stable reference genes in rosemary under in vitro conditions. Thus, in this paper, we assessed the stability of seven commonly used reference genes under different elicitor and stress conditions using RT-qPCR. Thereafter, the five most commonly used software and algorithms (comparative ΔCt, BestKeeper, NormFinder, geNorm, and RefFinder) were used to rank the candidates based on their expression stabilities. In conclusion, we recommend using a combination of F1-ATPase, ATP synthase and ACCase to normalize the gene expression experiments in rosemary under in vitro conditions. The selected reference genes were verified using 4-coumarate-CoA ligase, a pharmacologically important gene, whose expression might alter under nanoparticle treatment. Additionally, reference genes for several plant tissues, elicitors, and stresses are also proposed. The conclusions obtained from this current study will accelerate the future molecular work in S. rosmarinus and other related species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohit Bharati
- Department of Crop Sciences and Agroforestry, The Faculty of Tropical AgriSciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, 165 00 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Madhab Kumar Sen
- Department of Agroecology and Crop Production, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, 165 00 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Ram Kumar
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, 165 00 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Aayushi Gupta
- Department of Botany and Plant Physiology, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, 165 00 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Vishma Pratap Sur
- Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, Institute of Biotechnology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, BIOCEV, Prumyslova 595, 252 50 Vestec, Czech Republic
| | - Ingrid Melnikovová
- Department of Crop Sciences and Agroforestry, The Faculty of Tropical AgriSciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, 165 00 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Eloy Fernández-Cusimamani
- Department of Crop Sciences and Agroforestry, The Faculty of Tropical AgriSciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, 165 00 Prague 6, Czech Republic
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Malarz J, Galanty A, Stojakowska A. Chemical Composition and Cytotoxic Activity of Extracts from Carpesium divaricatum: In Vitro- versus Field-Grown Plants. Plants (Basel) 2022; 11:2815. [PMID: 36365268 PMCID: PMC9659292 DOI: 10.3390/plants11212815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Revised: 10/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Carpesium divaricatum Sieb. & Zucc. is a plant species rich in terpenoids of anti-inflammatory and cytotoxic activity, especially germacranolides of potential medicinal value. The present study describes in vitro multiplication of C. divaricatum, analysis of active constituents in the multiple shoots, and assessment of cytotoxic activities of extracts prepared from in vitro- and field-grown plants. The plant extracts were evaluated for cytotoxicity using two melanoma cell lines (HTB140 and A375); human keratinocytes (HaCaT); two colon cancer cell lines (Caco2 and HT29); human hepatocellular carcinoma cells (HepG2); two lines of prostate cancer cells (DU145 and PC3) and prostate epithelial cells (PNT2). Chemical compositions of the assayed extracts were analyzed by HPLC/DAD, in reference to isolated compounds. Maximum of 4.07 ± 1.61 shoots regenerated from a nodal explant of C. divaricatum, cultivated in a liquid MS medium supplemented with thidiazuron (1 μM). In vitro grown shoots and plantlets of C. divaricatum accumulated terpenoids that are known as active constituents of the intact plant. Cytotoxic activity of the extracts prepared from the in vitro cultured plants was like that demonstrated by the extracts prepared from field-grown plants and seemed to be more selective than cytotoxicities of the individual germacranolides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janusz Malarz
- Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Smętna Street 12, 31-343 Kraków, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Galanty
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna Street 9, 30-688 Kraków, Poland
| | - Anna Stojakowska
- Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Smętna Street 12, 31-343 Kraków, Poland
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20
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Hasnain A, Naqvi SAH, Ayesha SI, Khalid F, Ellahi M, Iqbal S, Hassan MZ, Abbas A, Adamski R, Markowska D, Baazeem A, Mustafa G, Moustafa M, Hasan ME, Abdelhamid MMA. Plants in vitro propagation with its applications in food, pharmaceuticals and cosmetic industries; current scenario and future approaches. Front Plant Sci 2022; 13:1009395. [PMID: 36311115 PMCID: PMC9606719 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1009395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Plant tissue culture technique employed for the identification and isolation of bioactive phytocompounds has numerous industrial applications. It provides potential benefits for different industries which include food, pharmaceutical and cosmetics. Various agronomic crops i.e., cereals, fruits, vegetables, ornamental plants and forest trees are currently being used for in vitro propagation. Plant tissue culture coupled with biotechnological approaches leads towards sustainable agricultural development providing solutions to major food security issues. Plants are the rich source of phytochemicals with medicinal properties rendering them useful for the industrial production of pharmaceuticals and nutraceuticals. Furthermore, there are numerous plant compounds with application in the cosmetics industry. In addition to having moisturizing, anti-ageing, anti-wrinkle effects; plant-derived compounds also possess pharmacological properties such as antiviral, antimicrobial, antifungal, anticancer, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-allergy characteristics. The in vitro propagation of industrially significant flora is gaining attention because of its several advantages over conventional plant propagation methods. One of the major advantages of this technique is the quick availability of food throughout the year, irrespective of the growing season, thus opening new opportunities to the producers and farmers. The sterile or endangered flora can also be conserved by plant micro propagation methods. Hence, plant tissue culture is an extremely efficient and cost-effective technique for biosynthetic studies and bio-production, biotransformation, or bioconversion of plant-derived compounds. However, there are certain limitations of in-vitro plant regeneration system including difficulties with continuous operation, product removal, and aseptic conditions. For sustainable industrial applications of in-vitro regenerated plants on a large scale, these constraints need to be addressed in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ammarah Hasnain
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Syed Atif Hasan Naqvi
- Department of Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Technology (FAST), Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Syeda Iqra Ayesha
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Fatima Khalid
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Manahil Ellahi
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Shehzad Iqbal
- College of Plant Sciences and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Muhammad Zeeshan Hassan
- Department of Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Technology (FAST), Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Aqleem Abbas
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology and Provincial Key Lab of Plant Pathology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Robert Adamski
- Faculty of Process and Environmental Engineering, Lodz University of Technology, Lodz, Poland
| | - Dorota Markowska
- Faculty of Process and Environmental Engineering, Lodz University of Technology, Lodz, Poland
| | - Alaa Baazeem
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ghulam Mustafa
- Department of Agriculture (Extension and Adoptive Research), Agriculture Extension Department of Government of Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Mahmoud Moustafa
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, South Valley University, Qena, Egypt
| | - Mohamed E. Hasan
- Bioinformatics Department, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute, University of Sadat City, Sadat City, Egypt
| | - Mohamed M. A. Abdelhamid
- Agricultural Botany Department, Faculty of Agriculture (Saba Basha), Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
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21
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Romadanova NV, Tolegen AB, Kushnarenko SV, Zholdybayeva EV, Bettoni JC. Effect of Plant Preservative Mixture TM on Endophytic Bacteria Eradication from In Vitro-Grown Apple Shoots. Plants (Basel) 2022; 11:2624. [PMID: 36235489 PMCID: PMC9572907 DOI: 10.3390/plants11192624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Revised: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Endophytic contaminants are a common problem for the in vitro propagation of woody plants and have significant economic repercussions for the conservation of plant genetic resources and commercial micropropagation. In this study, first, the microbial contamination that appeared around the base of in vitro-grown apple shoots was identified as Bacillus megaterium. Then, plant preservative mixture (PPMTM) was used as a bactericidal agent in plant tissue culture. Its efficacy for eradicating endophytic B. megaterium in in vitro cultures of apple was tested. In vitro-contaminated shoots were grown in tissue culture medium supplemented with 0.2% v/v PPMTM for 12 weeks and then transferred to medium without any PPMTM and cultured for 24 weeks. This study showed that PPMTM is an effective agent for controlling the growth of B. megaterium. Our results highlight the species-specific response of apple shoots to PPMTM. PPMTM was effective in controlling endogenous microbial contaminations from apple varieties 'Golden Delicious', 'Landsberger Renette', 'Suislepper', and 'Aport krovavo-krasnyi'; meanwhile, in 'KG 7' and 'Gold Rush', all the plants grown in the absence of PPMTM were still bacterially contaminated, even though they were pre-treated for 12 weeks in PPMTM-supplemented medium. These results therefore suggest the essentiality of further testing of extended incubation of PPMTM in these cultivars that had outbreaks of bacterial contamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalya V. Romadanova
- Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, 45 Timiryazev St., Almaty 050040, Kazakhstan
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Al-Farabi Av. 71, Almaty 050040, Kazakhstan
| | - Arman B. Tolegen
- Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, 45 Timiryazev St., Almaty 050040, Kazakhstan
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Al-Farabi Av. 71, Almaty 050040, Kazakhstan
| | | | - Elena V. Zholdybayeva
- National Center for Biotechnology, 13/5 Kurgalzhynskoye Road, Nur-Sultan 010000, Kazakhstan
| | - Jean Carlos Bettoni
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Batchelar Road, Palmerston North 4410, New Zealand
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22
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Traiyasuk W, Komaikul J, Anantachoke N, Kitisripanya T. Establishment of Afgekia mahidolae B.L. Burtt & Chermsir in vitro culture and effect of elicitation on its bioactive compounds. Nat Prod Res 2022; 37:1829-1837. [PMID: 36047978 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2022.2118740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
Afgekia mahidolae is a rare plant species that possesses antioxidant, antimicrobial, and wound healing properties. This study aimed to establish the in vitro culture of A. mahidolae and investigate the effects of elicitors on their phenolic and flavonoid production, including the antioxidant activities. The established callus was prepared in the form of cell suspension cultures to determine the effect of elicitors. After elicitation for 3 days, A. mahidolae cell suspension cultures treated by 5 µM salicylic acid or 100 mg/L yeast extract exhibited significantly higher levels of total phenolic and total flavonoid content than untreated cultures, which correlated to the antioxidant activities. In addition, the profiles of phenolic and flavonoid compounds in the callus and intact leaves of A. mahidolae were determined by LC-MS, which showed different phytochemicals. The findings of this study may encourage more sustainable development of A. mahidolae cultivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Warangkana Traiyasuk
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Jukrapun Komaikul
- Center for Vaccine Development, Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
| | - Natthinee Anantachoke
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Tharita Kitisripanya
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
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23
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Custódio L, Slusarczyk S, Matkowski A, Castañeda-Loaiza V, Fernandes E, Pereira C, Rodrigues MJ. A first approach for the micropropagation of the medicinal halophyte Polygonum maritimum L. and phenolic profile of acclimatized plants. Front Plant Sci 2022; 13:960306. [PMID: 36110351 PMCID: PMC9468488 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.960306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Polygonum maritimum L. (sea knotgrass) belongs to a genus commonly used in folk medicine to treat inflammation-related disorders. In vitro pharmacological studies have confirmed these properties that were ascribed to bioactive flavonoids, such as myricetin and quercetin glycosides. Therefore, this study aimed at establishing a micropropagation procedure for sea knotgrass for obtaining standardized materials for its potential commercial cultivation. For that, a complete plant regeneration protocol was developed by improving shoot multiplication from nodal explants, rooting and acclimatization procedures, followed by the assessment of the phenolic profile of the in vitro-produced plants. The combination of 3 mg/L 6-benzylaminopurine (BA) + 0.1 mg/L indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) induced the maximum shoot formation (10.3), which was significantly increased from the first to the second cycle (18.3). The best rooting capacity was observed on shoots derived from the control medium (100%), followed by 2 mg/L kinetin (KIN) (97%) and 3 mg/L BA + 0.1 mg/L IAA (90%); however, the shoot number at the end of the rooting phase was higher on shoots derived from 3 mg/L BA + 0.1 mg/L IAA (6.16). The plant growth regulators used in the multiplication phase influenced survival in the acclimatization process, and plants derived from the control medium had the highest survival percentage (63.1%). Acetone extracts made from aerial organs of micropropagated sea knotgrass showed a predominance of the flavonoid myricetin-3-O-rhamnoside (8.135 mg/g). Overall, the halophyte sea knotgrass was successfully micropropagated showing its potential as a medicinal crop for the extraction of bioactive molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luísa Custódio
- Centre of Marine Sciences, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal
| | - Sylwester Slusarczyk
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology and Botany, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Adam Matkowski
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology and Botany, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Viana Castañeda-Loaiza
- Centre of Marine Sciences, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal
| | - Eliana Fernandes
- Centre of Marine Sciences, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal
| | - Catarina Pereira
- Centre of Marine Sciences, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal
| | - Maria João Rodrigues
- Centre of Marine Sciences, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal
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24
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Purmale L, Jēkabsone A, Andersone-Ozola U, Karlsons A, Osvalde A, Ievinsh G. Comparison of In Vitro and In Planta Heavy Metal Tolerance and Accumulation Potential of Different Armeria maritima Accessions from a Dry Coastal Meadow. Plants (Basel) 2022; 11:plants11162104. [PMID: 36015407 PMCID: PMC9413919 DOI: 10.3390/plants11162104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Revised: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to compare the tolerance to several heavy metals and their accumulation potential of Armeria maritima subsp. elongata accessions from relatively dry sandy soil habitats in the Baltic Sea region using both in vitro cultivated shoot explants and long-term soil-cultivated plants at the flowering stage as model systems. The hypothesis that was tested was that all accessions will show a relatively high heavy metal tolerance and a reasonable metal accumulation potential, but possibly to varying degrees. Under the conditions of the tissue culture, the explants accumulated extremely high concentration of Cd and Cu, leading to growth inhibition and eventual necrosis, but the accumulation of Pb in their tissues was limited. When grown in soil, the plants from different accessions showed a very high heavy metal tolerance, as the total biomass was not negatively affected by any of the treatments. The accumulation potential for heavy metals in soil-grown plants was high, with several significant accession- and metal-related differences. In general, the heavy metal accumulation potential in roots and older leaves was similar, except for Mn, which accumulated more in older leaves. The absolute higher values of the heavy metal concentrations reached in the leaves of soil-grown A. maritima plants (500 mg Cd kg-1, 600 mg Cu kg-1, 12,000 mg Mn kg-1, 1500 mg Pb kg-1, and 15,000 mg Zn kg-1) exceeded the respective threshold values for hyperaccumulation. In conclusion, A. maritima can be characterized by a species-wide heavy metal tolerance and accumulation potential, but with a relatively high intraspecies diversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Līva Purmale
- Department of Plant Physiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Latvia, 1 Jelgavas Str., LV-1004 Rīga, Latvia
| | - Astra Jēkabsone
- Department of Plant Physiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Latvia, 1 Jelgavas Str., LV-1004 Rīga, Latvia
| | - Una Andersone-Ozola
- Department of Plant Physiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Latvia, 1 Jelgavas Str., LV-1004 Rīga, Latvia
| | - Andis Karlsons
- Institute of Biology, University of Latvia, 4 Ojāra Vācieša Str., LV-1004 Rīga, Latvia
| | - Anita Osvalde
- Institute of Biology, University of Latvia, 4 Ojāra Vācieša Str., LV-1004 Rīga, Latvia
| | - Gederts Ievinsh
- Department of Plant Physiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Latvia, 1 Jelgavas Str., LV-1004 Rīga, Latvia
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25
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Nisler J, Pěkná Z, Končitíková R, Klimeš P, Kadlecová A, Murvanidze N, Werbrouck SPO, Plačková L, Kopečný D, Zalabák D, Spíchal L, Strnad M. Cytokinin oxidase/dehydrogenase inhibitors: outlook for selectivity and high efficiency. J Exp Bot 2022; 73:4806-4817. [PMID: 35522987 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erac201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Inhibitors of cytokinin oxidase/dehydrogenase (CKX) reduce the degradation of cytokinins in plants, and this effect can be exploited in agriculture and in plant tissue culture. In this study, we examine the structure-activity relationship of two series of CKX inhibitors based on diphenylurea. The compounds of Series I were derived from the recently published CKX inhibitors 3TFM-2HM and 3TFM-2HE, and we identified key substituents with increased selectivity for maize ZmCKX1 and ZmCKX4a over AtCKX2 from Arabidopsis. Series II contained compounds that further exceled in CKX inhibitory activity as well as in the ease of their synthesis. The best inhibitors exhibited half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) values in low nanomolar ranges with ZmCKX1 and especially with ZmCKX4a, which is generally more resistant to inhibition. The activity of the key compounds was verified in tobacco and lobelia leaf-disk assays, where N6-isopentenyladenine was protected from degradation and promoted shoot regeneration. All the prepared compounds were further tested for toxicity against Caenorhabditis elegans, and the assays revealed clear differences in toxicity between compounds with and without a hydroxyalkyl group. In a broader perspective, this work increases our understanding of CKX inhibition and provides a more extensive portfolio of compounds suitable for agricultural and biotechnological research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaroslav Nisler
- Isotope Laboratory, Institute of Experimental Botany, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, 142 20 Prague, Czech Republic
- Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Czech Advanced Technology and Research Institute (CATRIN), Palacký University Olomouc, Šlechtitelů 27, Olomouc CZ-783 71, Czech Republic
| | - Zuzana Pěkná
- Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Czech Advanced Technology and Research Institute (CATRIN), Palacký University Olomouc, Šlechtitelů 27, Olomouc CZ-783 71, Czech Republic
| | - Radka Končitíková
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 27, CZ-78371, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Klimeš
- Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Czech Advanced Technology and Research Institute (CATRIN), Palacký University Olomouc, Šlechtitelů 27, Olomouc CZ-783 71, Czech Republic
| | - Alena Kadlecová
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 27, CZ-78371, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Nino Murvanidze
- Department Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Stefaan P O Werbrouck
- Department Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Lenka Plačková
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences & Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 27, CZ-783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - David Kopečný
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 27, CZ-78371, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - David Zalabák
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences & Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 27, CZ-783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Lukáš Spíchal
- Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Czech Advanced Technology and Research Institute (CATRIN), Palacký University Olomouc, Šlechtitelů 27, Olomouc CZ-783 71, Czech Republic
| | - Miroslav Strnad
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences & Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 27, CZ-783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic
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26
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Arteta TA, Hameg R, Landin M, Gallego PP, Barreal ME. Artificial Neural Networks Elucidated the Essential Role of Mineral Nutrients versus Vitamins and Plant Growth Regulators in Achieving Healthy Micropropagated Plants. Plants (Basel) 2022; 11:1284. [PMID: 35631709 PMCID: PMC9146087 DOI: 10.3390/plants11101284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Revised: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The design of an adequate culture medium is an essential step in the micropropagation process of plant species. Adjustment and balance of medium components involve the interaction of several factors, such as mineral nutrients, vitamins, and plant growth regulators (PGRs). This work aimed to shed light on the role of these three components on the plant growth and quality of micropropagated woody plants, using Actinidia arguta as a plant model. Two experiments using a five-dimensional experimental design space were defined using the Design of Experiments (DoE) method, to study the effect of five mineral factors (NH4NO3, KNO3, Mesos, Micros, and Iron) and five vitamins (Myo-inositol, thiamine, nicotinic acid, pyridoxine, and vitamin E). A third experiment, using 20 combinations of two PGRs: BAP (6-benzylaminopurine) and GA3 (gibberellic acid) was performed. Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) algorithms were used to build models with the whole database to determine the effect of those components on several growth and quality parameters. Neurofuzzy logic allowed us to decipher and generate new knowledge on the hierarchy of some minerals as essential components of the culture media over vitamins and PRGs, suggesting rules about how MS basal media formulation could be modified to assess the quality of micropropagated woody plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomás A. Arteta
- Agrobiotech for Health, Department of Plant Biology and Soil Science, Faculty of Biology, University of Vigo, 36310 Vigo, Spain; (T.A.A.); (R.H.)
- CITACA—Agri-Food Research and Transfer Cluster, Campus da Auga, University of Vigo, 32004 Ourense, Spain
| | - Radhia Hameg
- Agrobiotech for Health, Department of Plant Biology and Soil Science, Faculty of Biology, University of Vigo, 36310 Vigo, Spain; (T.A.A.); (R.H.)
- CITACA—Agri-Food Research and Transfer Cluster, Campus da Auga, University of Vigo, 32004 Ourense, Spain
| | - Mariana Landin
- Departamento de Farmacología, Farmacia y Tecnología Farmacéutica, I+D Farma (GI-1645), Faculty of Pharmacy, iMATUS and Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain;
| | - Pedro P. Gallego
- Agrobiotech for Health, Department of Plant Biology and Soil Science, Faculty of Biology, University of Vigo, 36310 Vigo, Spain; (T.A.A.); (R.H.)
- CITACA—Agri-Food Research and Transfer Cluster, Campus da Auga, University of Vigo, 32004 Ourense, Spain
| | - M. Esther Barreal
- Agrobiotech for Health, Department of Plant Biology and Soil Science, Faculty of Biology, University of Vigo, 36310 Vigo, Spain; (T.A.A.); (R.H.)
- CITACA—Agri-Food Research and Transfer Cluster, Campus da Auga, University of Vigo, 32004 Ourense, Spain
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27
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Thomas P, Rajendran TP, Franco CMM. Cytobacts: Abundant and Diverse Vertically Seed-Transmitted Cultivation-Recalcitrant Intracellular Bacteria Ubiquitous to Vascular Plants. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:806222. [PMID: 35369514 PMCID: PMC8967353 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.806222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
We have recently described ‘Cytobacts’ as abundant intracellular endophytic bacteria inhabiting live plant cells based on the observations with callus and cell suspension cultures of grapevine and other plant species with the origin ascribable to field explants. In this study, we investigated the prevalence of such cytoplasmic bacterial associations in field plants across different taxa, their cultivability, and the extent of taxonomic diversity and explored the possibility of their embryo-mediated vertical transmission. Over 100 genera of field plants were surveyed for ‘Cytobacts’ through bright-field live-cell imaging as per our previous experience using fresh tissue sections from surface-sterilized shoot-tissues with parallel cultivation-based assessments. This revealed widespread cellular bacterial associations visualized as copious motile micro-particles in the cytoplasm with no or sparse colony forming units (CFU) from the tissue-homogenates indicating their general non-cultivability. Based on the ease of detection and the abundance of ‘Cytobacts’ in fresh tissue sections, the surveyed plants were empirically classified into three groups: (i) motile bacteria detected instantly in most cells; (ii) motility not so widely observed, but seen in some cells; and (iii) only occasional motile units observed, but abundant non-motile bacterial cells present. Microscopy versus 16S-rRNA V3–V4 amplicon profiling on shoot-tip tissues of four representative plants—tomato, watermelon, periwinkle, and maize—showed high bacterial abundance and taxonomic diversity (11–15 phyla) with the dominance of Proteobacteria followed by Firmicutes/Actinobacteria, and several other phyla in minor shares. The low CFU/absence of bacterial CFU from the tissue homogenates on standard bacteriological media endorsed their cultivation-recalcitrance. Intracellular bacterial colonization implied that the associated organisms are able to transmit vertically to the next generation through the seed-embryos. Microscopy and 16S-rRNA V3–V4 amplicon/metagenome profiling of mature embryos excised from fresh watermelon seeds revealed heavy embryo colonization by diverse bacteria with sparse or no CFU. Observations with grapevine fresh fruit-derived seeds and seed-embryos endorsed the vertical transmission by diverse cultivation-recalcitrant endophytic bacteria (CREB). By and large, Proteobacteria formed the major phylum in fresh seed-embryos with varying shares of diverse phyla. Thus, we document ‘Cytobacts’ comprising diverse and vertically transmissible CREBs as a ubiquitous phenomenon in vascular plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pious Thomas
- Thomas Biotech & Cytobacts Centre for Biosciences, Bengaluru, India.,Division of Biotechnology, ICAR-Indian Institute of Horticultural Research, Bengaluru, India
| | - Thekepat P Rajendran
- Research Information System for Developing Countries, India Habitat Centre, New Delhi, India
| | - Christopher M M Franco
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, College of Medicine & Public Health, Flinders University, Bedford Park, Adelaide, SA, Australia
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28
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Iwase A, Takebayashi A, Aoi Y, Favero DS, Watanabe S, Seo M, Kasahara H, Sugimoto K. 4-Phenylbutyric acid promotes plant regeneration as an auxin by being converted to phenylacetic acid via an IBR3-independent pathway. Plant Biotechnol (Tokyo) 2022; 39:51-58. [PMID: 35601015 PMCID: PMC9080989 DOI: 10.5511/plantbiotechnology.21.1224b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/24/2021] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
4-Phenylbutyric acid (4PBA) is utilized as a drug to treat urea cycle disorders and is also being studied as a potential anticancer drug that acts via its histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor activity. During a search to find small molecules that affect plant regeneration in Arabidopsis, we found that 4PBA treatment promotes this process by mimicking the effect of exogenous auxin. Specifically, plant tissue culture experiments revealed that a medium containing 4PBA enhances callus formation and subsequent shoot regeneration. Analyses with auxin-responsive or cytokinin-responsive marker lines demonstrated that 4PBA specifically enhances AUXIN RESPONSE FACTOR (ARF)-dependent auxin responses. Our western blot analyses showed that 4PBA treatment does not enhance histone acetylation in Arabidopsis, in contrast to butyric acid and trichostatin A, other chemicals often used as HDAC inhibitors, suggesting this mechanism of action does not explain the observed effect of 4PBA on regeneration. Finally, mass spectroscopic analysis and genetic approaches uncovered that 4PBA in Arabidopsis plants is converted to phenylacetic acid (PAA), a known natural auxin, in a manner independent of peroxisomal IBR3-related β-oxidation. This study demonstrates that 4PBA application promotes regeneration in explants via its auxin activity and has potential applications to not only plant tissue culture engineering but also research on the plant β-oxidation pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akira Iwase
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
- JST, PRESTO, Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan
- E-mail: Tel: +81-45-503-9570 Fax: +81-45-503-9591
| | - Arika Takebayashi
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
| | - Yuki Aoi
- Department of Biological Production Science, United Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - David S Favero
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Watanabe
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
| | - Mitsunori Seo
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Kasahara
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Keiko Sugimoto
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
- E-mail: Tel: +81-45-503-9570 Fax: +81-45-503-9591
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Gunadi A, Li F, Van Eck J. Accelerating gametophytic growth in the model hornwort Anthoceros agrestis. Appl Plant Sci 2022; 10:e11460. [PMID: 35495194 PMCID: PMC9039800 DOI: 10.1002/aps3.11460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
PREMISE Hornworts belong to a unique lineage of bryophytes with critical traits for elucidating the evolution of land plants; however, the development of functional genetic tools for hornworts has been hampered by their relatively slow gametophytic growth. METHODS To identify the external factors that influence the development of hornwort gametophytes and potentially augment their growth, we evaluated the contributions of several culture medium components on the axenic gametophytic growth of Anthoceros agrestis, a model hornwort. A streamlined growth assay utilizing semiautomated image analysis was developed to rapidly quantify and compare tissue development spanning four weeks of culture on solidified medium. RESULTS The addition of sucrose, ammonium nitrate, activated charcoal, pH buffering, and growth regulators (2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid, 6-benzylaminopurine, and thidiazuron) affected gametophyte tissue survival, growth patterns, and the rate of thalli growth. Subsequently, an optimized medium composition and growth regimen for accelerating A. agrestis gametophytic growth were formulated, which at four weeks of culture increased the tissue wet weight by 2.1- to 8.5-fold compared with other previously utilized hornwort growth media. DISCUSSION Our protocol for generating vigorous starting material and accelerated tissue regeneration is pertinent for advancing gene function characterization and genome editing in hornworts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andika Gunadi
- Boyce Thompson Institute533 Tower RoadIthacaNew York14853USA
- Present address:
Simplot Plant SciencesJ.R. Simplot Company5369 W Irving StreetBoiseIdaho83706USA
| | - Fay‐Wei Li
- Boyce Thompson Institute533 Tower RoadIthacaNew York14853USA
- Plant Biology Section, School of Integrative Plant ScienceCornell UniversityIthacaNew York14853USA
| | - Joyce Van Eck
- Boyce Thompson Institute533 Tower RoadIthacaNew York14853USA
- Plant Breeding and Genetics Section, School of Integrative Plant ScienceCornell UniversityIthacaNew York14853USA
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30
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Phanomchai S, Bodhipadma K, Noichinda S, Leung DWM. Short-Term Storability of Alginate-Encapsulated Persian Violet Microshoots for Germplasm Exchange. Plants (Basel) 2022; 11:plants11020185. [PMID: 35050072 PMCID: PMC8779939 DOI: 10.3390/plants11020185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 12/31/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Microshoots have been widely used for micropropagation. It may be necessary to store microshoots for a short period of time, for example in germplasm exchange needing transport to other research groups. Here, we investigated the short-term storability of alginate-encapsulated Persian violet (Exacum affine Balf. f. ex Regel) microshoots at 4 °C and 25 °C. After storage, the encapsulated microshoots were sown on basal Murashige and Skoog medium for germination and viability determination using tetrazolium chloride staining. The results showed that one or five microshoots encapsulated with a single alginate layer could be stored at 4 °C for up to 30 days, while the percentages of germination and viability of the microshoots encapsulated with two layers of alginate were greatly reduced upon storage. This is the first report on the storability of alginate-encapsulated multiple microshoots, which could be a more efficient way to encapsulate microshoots used for short-term cold storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saowaros Phanomchai
- Division of Agro-Industrial Technology, Faculty of Applied Science, King Mongkut’s University of Technology North Bangkok, Bangsue, Bangkok 10800, Thailand; (S.P.); (K.B.); (S.N.)
| | - Kitti Bodhipadma
- Division of Agro-Industrial Technology, Faculty of Applied Science, King Mongkut’s University of Technology North Bangkok, Bangsue, Bangkok 10800, Thailand; (S.P.); (K.B.); (S.N.)
| | - Sompoch Noichinda
- Division of Agro-Industrial Technology, Faculty of Applied Science, King Mongkut’s University of Technology North Bangkok, Bangsue, Bangkok 10800, Thailand; (S.P.); (K.B.); (S.N.)
| | - David W. M. Leung
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Canterbury, Private Bag 4800, Christchurch 8140, New Zealand
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31
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García-Pérez P, Zhang L, Miras-Moreno B, Lozano-Milo E, Landin M, Lucini L, Gallego PP. The Combination of Untargeted Metabolomics and Machine Learning Predicts the Biosynthesis of Phenolic Compounds in Bryophyllum Medicinal Plants (Genus Kalanchoe). Plants (Basel) 2021; 10:plants10112430. [PMID: 34834793 PMCID: PMC8620224 DOI: 10.3390/plants10112430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Phenolic compounds constitute an important family of natural bioactive compounds responsible for the medicinal properties attributed to Bryophyllum plants (genus Kalanchoe, Crassulaceae), but their production by these medicinal plants has not been characterized to date. In this work, a combinatorial approach including plant tissue culture, untargeted metabolomics, and machine learning is proposed to unravel the critical factors behind the biosynthesis of phenolic compounds in these species. The untargeted metabolomics revealed 485 annotated compounds that were produced by three Bryophyllum species cultured in vitro in a genotype and organ-dependent manner. Neurofuzzy logic (NFL) predictive models assessed the significant influence of genotypes and organs and identified the key nutrients from culture media formulations involved in phenolic compound biosynthesis. Sulfate played a critical role in tyrosol and lignan biosynthesis, copper in phenolic acid biosynthesis, calcium in stilbene biosynthesis, and magnesium in flavanol biosynthesis. Flavonol and anthocyanin biosynthesis was not significantly affected by mineral components. As a result, a predictive biosynthetic model for all the Bryophyllum genotypes was proposed. The combination of untargeted metabolomics with machine learning provided a robust approach to achieve the phytochemical characterization of the previously unexplored species belonging to the Bryophyllum subgenus, facilitating their biotechnological exploitation as a promising source of bioactive compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pascual García-Pérez
- Agrobiotech for Health Group, Plant Biology and Soil Science Department, Biology Faculty, University of Vigo, E-36310 Vigo, Spain; (P.G.-P.); (E.L.-M.); (P.P.G.)
- CITACA—Agri-Food Research and Transfer Cluster, University of Vigo, E-32004 Ourense, Spain
| | - Leilei Zhang
- Department for Sustainable Food Process, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Via Emilia Parmense 84, 29122 Piacenza, Italy; (L.Z.); (B.M.-M.)
| | - Begoña Miras-Moreno
- Department for Sustainable Food Process, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Via Emilia Parmense 84, 29122 Piacenza, Italy; (L.Z.); (B.M.-M.)
| | - Eva Lozano-Milo
- Agrobiotech for Health Group, Plant Biology and Soil Science Department, Biology Faculty, University of Vigo, E-36310 Vigo, Spain; (P.G.-P.); (E.L.-M.); (P.P.G.)
- CITACA—Agri-Food Research and Transfer Cluster, University of Vigo, E-32004 Ourense, Spain
| | - Mariana Landin
- I+D Farma Group (GI-1645), Department of Pharmacology, Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, E-15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain;
- Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), E-15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Luigi Lucini
- Department for Sustainable Food Process, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Via Emilia Parmense 84, 29122 Piacenza, Italy; (L.Z.); (B.M.-M.)
| | - Pedro P. Gallego
- Agrobiotech for Health Group, Plant Biology and Soil Science Department, Biology Faculty, University of Vigo, E-36310 Vigo, Spain; (P.G.-P.); (E.L.-M.); (P.P.G.)
- CITACA—Agri-Food Research and Transfer Cluster, University of Vigo, E-32004 Ourense, Spain
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32
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Pepe M, Hesami M, Jones AMP. Machine Learning-Mediated Development and Optimization of Disinfection Protocol and Scarification Method for Improved In Vitro Germination of Cannabis Seeds. Plants (Basel) 2021; 10:plants10112397. [PMID: 34834760 PMCID: PMC8619272 DOI: 10.3390/plants10112397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Revised: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
In vitro seed germination is a useful tool for developing a variety of biotechnologies, but cannabis has presented some challenges in uniformity and germination time, presumably due to the disinfection procedure. Disinfection and subsequent growth are influenced by many factors, such as media pH, temperature, as well as the types and levels of contaminants and disinfectants, which contribute independently and dynamically to system complexity and nonlinearity. Hence, artificial intelligence models are well suited to model and optimize this dynamic system. The current study was aimed to evaluate the effect of different types and concentrations of disinfectants (sodium hypochlorite, hydrogen peroxide) and immersion times on contamination frequency using the generalized regression neural network (GRNN), a powerful artificial neural network (ANN). The GRNN model had high prediction performance (R2 > 0.91) in both training and testing. Moreover, a genetic algorithm (GA) was subjected to the GRNN to find the optimal type and level of disinfectants and immersion time to determine the best methods for contamination reduction. According to the optimization process, 4.6% sodium hypochlorite along with 0.008% hydrogen peroxide for 16.81 min would result in the best outcomes. The results of a validation experiment demonstrated that this protocol resulted in 0% contamination as predicted, but germination rates were low and sporadic. However, using this sterilization protocol in combination with the scarification of in vitro cannabis seed (seed tip removal) resulted in 0% contamination and 100% seed germination within one week.
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33
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Sindarovska Y, Kuchuk M. Long-Term Potato Virus X (PVX)-Based Transient Expression of Recombinant GFP Protein in Nicotiana benthamiana Culture In Vitro. Plants (Basel) 2021; 10:2187. [PMID: 34685995 DOI: 10.3390/plants10102187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Revised: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Plant molecular farming has a great potential to produce valuable proteins. Transient expression technology provides high yields of recombinant proteins in greenhouse-grown plants, but every plant must be artificially agroinfiltrated, and open greenhouse systems are less controlled. Here, we propose to propagate agrobacteria-free plants with high-efficient long-term self-replicated transient gene expression in a well-controlled closed in vitro system. Nicotiana benthamiana plant tissue culture in vitro, with transient expression of recombinant GFP, was obtained through shoot induction from leaf explants infected by a PVX-based vector. The transient expression occurs in new tissues and regenerants due to the natural systemic distribution of viral RNA carrying the target gene. Gene silencing was delayed in plants grown in vitro, and GFP was detected in plants for five to six months. Agrobacteria-free, GFP-expressing plants can be micropropagated in vitro (avoiding an agroinfiltration step), "rejuvenated" through regeneration (maintaining culture for years), or transferred in soil. The mean GFP in the regenerants was 18% of the total soluble proteins (TSP) (0.52 mg/g of fresh leaf weight (FW). The highest value reached 47% TSP (2 mg/g FW). This study proposes a new method for recombinant protein production combining the advantages of transient expression technology and closed cultural systems.
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34
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Adams TK, Masondo NA, Malatsi P, Makunga NP. Cannabis sativa: From Therapeutic Uses to Micropropagation and Beyond. Plants (Basel) 2021; 10:2078. [PMID: 34685890 PMCID: PMC8537884 DOI: 10.3390/plants10102078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Revised: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The development of a protocol for the large-scale production of Cannabis and its variants with little to no somaclonal variation or disease for pharmaceutical and for other industrial use has been an emerging area of research. A limited number of protocols have been developed around the world, obtained through a detailed literature search using web-based database searches, e.g., Scopus, Web of Science (WoS) and Google Scholar. This article reviews the advances made in relation to Cannabis tissue culture and micropropagation, such as explant choice and decontamination of explants, direct and indirect organogenesis, rooting, acclimatisation and a few aspects of genetic engineering. Since Cannabis micropropagation systems are fairly new fields, combinations of plant growth regulator experiments are needed to gain insight into the development of direct and indirect organogenesis protocols that are able to undergo the acclimation stage and maintain healthy plants desirable to the Cannabis industry. A post-culture analysis of Cannabis phytochemistry after the acclimatisation stage is lacking in a majority of the reviewed studies, and for in vitro propagation protocols to be accepted by the pharmaceutical industries, phytochemical and possibly pharmacological research need to be undertaken in order to ascertain the integrity of the generated plant material. It is rather difficult to obtain industrially acceptable micropropagation regimes as recalcitrance to the regeneration of in vitro cultured plants remains a major concern and this impedes progress in the application of genetic modification technologies and gene editing tools to be used routinely for the improvement of Cannabis genotypes that are used in various industries globally. In the future, with more reliable plant tissue culture-based propagation that generates true-to-type plants that have known genetic and metabolomic integrity, the use of genetic engineering systems including "omics" technologies such as next-generation sequencing and fast-evolving gene editing tools could be implemented to speed up the identification of novel genes and mechanisms involved in the biosynthesis of Cannabis phytochemicals for large-scale production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tristan K. Adams
- Department of Botany and Zoology, Private Bag X1, Stellenbosch University, Matieland 7600, South Africa; (T.K.A.); (N.A.M.)
| | - Nqobile A. Masondo
- Department of Botany and Zoology, Private Bag X1, Stellenbosch University, Matieland 7600, South Africa; (T.K.A.); (N.A.M.)
| | - Pholoso Malatsi
- Cannsun Medicinals (Pty.) Ltd., Cape Farms, Atlantis, Cape Town 7349, South Africa;
| | - Nokwanda P. Makunga
- Department of Botany and Zoology, Private Bag X1, Stellenbosch University, Matieland 7600, South Africa; (T.K.A.); (N.A.M.)
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35
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Mustafa AA, Derise MR, Yong WTL, Rodrigues KF. A Concise Review of Dendrocalamus asper and Related Bamboos: Germplasm Conservation, Propagation and Molecular Biology. Plants (Basel) 2021; 10:plants10091897. [PMID: 34579429 PMCID: PMC8468032 DOI: 10.3390/plants10091897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Bamboos represent an emerging forest resource of economic significance and provide an avenue for sustainable development of forest resources. The development of the commercial bamboo industry is founded upon efficient molecular and technical approaches for the selection and rapid multiplication of elite germplasm for its subsequent propagation via commercial agro-forestry business enterprises. This review will delve into the micropropagation of Dendrocalamus asper, one of the most widely cultivated commercial varieties of bamboo, and will encompass the selection of germplasm, establishment of explants in vitro and micropropagation techniques. The currently available information pertaining to molecular biology, DNA barcoding and breeding, has been included, and potential areas for future research in the area of genetic engineering and gene regulation have been highlighted. This information will be of relevance to both commercial breeders and molecular biologists who have an interest in establishing bamboo as a crop of the future.
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Dobránszki J. Application of naturally occurring mechanical forces in in vitro plant tissue culture and biotechnology. Plant Signal Behav 2021; 16:1902656. [PMID: 33902398 PMCID: PMC8143234 DOI: 10.1080/15592324.2021.1902656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Revised: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Cues and signals of the environment in nature can be either beneficial or detrimental from the growth and developmental perspectives. Plants, despite their limited spatial mobility, have developed advanced strategies to overcome the various and changing environmental impacts including stresses. In vitro plantlets, tissues and cells are constantly exposed to the influence of their environment that is well controlled. Light has a widely known morphogenetic effect on plants; however, other physical cues and signals are at least as important but were often neglected. In this review, I summarize our knowledge about the role of the mechanical stimuli, like sound, ultrasound, touch, or wounding in in vitro plant cultures. I summarize the molecular, biochemical, physiological, growth, and developmental changes they cause and how these processes are controlled; moreover, how their regulating or stimulating roles are applied in various plant biotechnological applications. Recent studies revealed that mechanical forces can be used for affecting the plant development and growth in plant tissue culture efficiently, and for increasing the efficacy of other plant biotechnological methods, like genetic transformation and secondary metabolite production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judit Dobránszki
- Centre for Agricultural Genomics and Biotechnology, FAFSEM, University of Debrecen, Nyíregyháza, Hungary
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37
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Soumare A, Diédhiou AG, Arora NK, Tawfeeq Al-Ani LK, Ngom M, Fall S, Hafidi M, Ouhdouch Y, Kouisni L, Sy MO. Potential Role and Utilization of Plant Growth Promoting Microbes in Plant Tissue Culture. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:649878. [PMID: 33854489 PMCID: PMC8039301 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.649878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant growth promoting microbes (PGPMs) play major roles in diverse ecosystems, including atmospheric nitrogen fixation, water uptake, solubilization, and transport of minerals from the soil to the plant. Different PGPMs are proposed as biofertilizers, biostimulants, and/or biocontrol agents to improve plant growth and productivity and thereby to contribute to agricultural sustainability and food security. However, little information exists regarding the use of PGPMs in micropropagation such as the in vitro plant tissue culture. This review presents an overview of the importance of PGPMs and their potential application in plant micropropagation. Our analysis, based on published articles, reveals that the process of in vitro classical tissue culture techniques, under strictly aseptic conditions, deserves to be reviewed to allow vitroplants to benefit from the positive effect of PGPMs. Furthermore, exploiting the potential benefits of PGPMs will lead to lessen the cost production of vitroplants during micropropagation process and will make the technique of plant tissue culture more efficient. The last part of the review will indicate where research is needed in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdoulaye Soumare
- AgroBioSciences Program, Mohammed VI Polytechnic University (UM6P), Ben Guerir, Morocco.,Laboratoire Commun de Microbiologie (LCM) IRD/ISRA/UCAD, Centre de Recherche de Bel Air, Dakar, Senegal.,Centre d'Excellence Africain en Agriculture pour la Sécurité Alimentaire et Nutritionnelle (CEA-AGRISAN), UCAD, Dakar, Senegal
| | - Abdala G Diédhiou
- Laboratoire Commun de Microbiologie (LCM) IRD/ISRA/UCAD, Centre de Recherche de Bel Air, Dakar, Senegal.,Centre d'Excellence Africain en Agriculture pour la Sécurité Alimentaire et Nutritionnelle (CEA-AGRISAN), UCAD, Dakar, Senegal.,Département de Biologie Végétale, Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, Université Cheikh Anta Diop (UCAD), Dakar, Senegal
| | - Naveen Kumar Arora
- Department of Environmental Science, School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, BBA University, Lucknow, India
| | - Laith Khalil Tawfeeq Al-Ani
- Department of Plant Protection, College of Agriculture Engineering Sciences, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq.,School of Biology Science, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Mariama Ngom
- Laboratoire Commun de Microbiologie (LCM) IRD/ISRA/UCAD, Centre de Recherche de Bel Air, Dakar, Senegal.,Laboratoire Campus de Biotechnologies Végétales (LCBV), Département de Biologie Végétale, Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, UCAD, Dakar, Senegal
| | - Saliou Fall
- Laboratoire Commun de Microbiologie (LCM) IRD/ISRA/UCAD, Centre de Recherche de Bel Air, Dakar, Senegal
| | - Mohamed Hafidi
- AgroBioSciences Program, Mohammed VI Polytechnic University (UM6P), Ben Guerir, Morocco.,Laboratory of Microbial Biotechnologies, Agrosciences and Environment, Faculty of Sciences Semlalia, Cadi Ayyad University, Marrakesh, Morocco
| | - Yedir Ouhdouch
- AgroBioSciences Program, Mohammed VI Polytechnic University (UM6P), Ben Guerir, Morocco.,Laboratory of Microbial Biotechnologies, Agrosciences and Environment, Faculty of Sciences Semlalia, Cadi Ayyad University, Marrakesh, Morocco
| | - Lamfeddal Kouisni
- AgroBioSciences Program, Mohammed VI Polytechnic University (UM6P), Ben Guerir, Morocco
| | - Mame Ourèye Sy
- Département de Biologie Végétale, Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, Université Cheikh Anta Diop (UCAD), Dakar, Senegal.,Laboratoire Campus de Biotechnologies Végétales (LCBV), Département de Biologie Végétale, Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, UCAD, Dakar, Senegal
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38
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Sivanesan I, Muthu M, Gopal J, Tasneem S, Kim DH, Oh JW. A Fumigation-Based Surface Sterilization Approach for Plant Tissue Culture. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2021; 18:2282. [PMID: 33668989 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18052282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Revised: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Plant tissue culture has led to breakthroughs in understanding and applying the fundamental knowledge towards harnessing more from plants. Microbial contamination is one of the serious problems limiting the successful extrapolation of plant tissue culture practices. Sources of in vitro contamination include culture containers, media, explants, equipment, the environment of the culture room and transfer area, and operating personnel. The successful initiation of in vitro culture mostly depends on surface sterilization of explants because this is the primary source. Usually, surface sterilization is done using chemicals, or toxic nanomaterials, this is the first time such an approach has been demonstrated. Numerous surface microflora attached to plant surfaces grow faster than the cultured explants and release phytotoxic substances into the culture media, hindering positive outcomes. In the current work, for the first time, the applicability of turmeric and benzoin resin-based fumigation of explants is demonstrated. The results showed that fumigation methods for surface sterilization were promising and could lead to fifty and even 100% contamination-free plant tissue culture. Nanoparticulate carbon was identified in the turmeric and benzoin smoke and coined the key player in the surface sterilization effect. These studies open a whole new avenue for the use of fumigation-based methods for riddance of microbial contamination.
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Maliński MP, Budzianowski J, Kikowska M, Derda M, Jaworska MM, Mlynarczyk DT, Szukalska M, Florek E, Thiem B. Two Ecdysteroids Isolated from Micropropagated Lychnis flos-cuculi and the Biological Activity of Plant Material. Molecules 2021; 26:904. [PMID: 33572129 PMCID: PMC7914685 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26040904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2020] [Revised: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetically uniform plant material, derived from Lychnis flos-cuculi propagated in vitro, was used for the isolation of 20-hydroxyecdysone and polypodine B and subjected to an evaluation of the antifungal and antiamoebic activity. The activity of 80% aqueous methanolic extracts, their fractions, and isolated ecdysteroids were studied against pathogenic Acanthamoeba castellani. Additionally, a Microtox® acute toxicity assay was performed. It was found that an 80% methanolic fraction of root extract exerts the most potent amoebicidal activity at IC50 of 0.06 mg/mL at the 3rd day of treatment. Both ecdysteroids show comparable activity at IC50 of 0.07 mg/mL. The acute toxicity of 80% fractions at similar concentrations is significantly higher than that of 40% fractions. Crude extracts exhibited moderate antifungal activity, with a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) within the range of 1.25-2.5 mg/mL. To the best of our knowledge, the present report is the first to show the biological activity of L. flos-cuculi in terms of the antifungal and antiamoebic activities and acute toxicity. It is also the first isolation of the main ecdysteroids from L. flos-cuculi micropropagated, ecdysteroid-rich plant material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michał P. Maliński
- Chair and Department of Pharmaceutical Botany and Plant Biotechnology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 14 Sw. Marii Magdaleny St., 61-861 Poznań, Poland; (J.B.); (M.K.); (B.T.)
| | - Jaromir Budzianowski
- Chair and Department of Pharmaceutical Botany and Plant Biotechnology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 14 Sw. Marii Magdaleny St., 61-861 Poznań, Poland; (J.B.); (M.K.); (B.T.)
| | - Małgorzata Kikowska
- Chair and Department of Pharmaceutical Botany and Plant Biotechnology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 14 Sw. Marii Magdaleny St., 61-861 Poznań, Poland; (J.B.); (M.K.); (B.T.)
| | - Monika Derda
- Chair and Department of Biology and Medical Parasitology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 10 Fredry St., 61-701 Poznań, Poland;
| | - Marcelina M. Jaworska
- Chair and Department of Genetics and Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 4 Święcickiego St., 60-781 Poznań, Poland;
| | - Dariusz T. Mlynarczyk
- Chair and Department of Chemical Technology of Drugs, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 6 Grunwaldzka St., 60-780 Poznań, Poland;
| | - Marta Szukalska
- Laboratory of Environmental Research, Chair and Department of Toxicology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 30 Dojazd St., 60-631 Poznań, Poland; (M.S.); (E.F.)
| | - Ewa Florek
- Laboratory of Environmental Research, Chair and Department of Toxicology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 30 Dojazd St., 60-631 Poznań, Poland; (M.S.); (E.F.)
| | - Barbara Thiem
- Chair and Department of Pharmaceutical Botany and Plant Biotechnology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 14 Sw. Marii Magdaleny St., 61-861 Poznań, Poland; (J.B.); (M.K.); (B.T.)
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Nisler J, Kopečný D, Pěkná Z, Končitíková R, Koprna R, Murvanidze N, Werbrouck SPO, Havlíček L, De Diego N, Kopečná M, Wimmer Z, Briozzo P, Moréra S, Zalabák D, Spíchal L, Strnad M. Diphenylurea-derived cytokinin oxidase/dehydrogenase inhibitors for biotechnology and agriculture. J Exp Bot 2021; 72:355-370. [PMID: 32945834 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/eraa437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Increasing crop productivity is our major challenge if we are to meet global needs for food, fodder and fuel. Controlling the content of the plant hormone cytokinin is a method of improving plant productivity. Cytokinin oxidase/dehydrogenase (CKO/CKX) is a major target in this regard because it degrades cytokinins. Here, we describe the synthesis and biological activities of new CKX inhibitors derived mainly from diphenylurea. They were tested on four CKX isoforms from maize and Arabidopsis, where the best compounds showed IC50 values in the 10-8 M concentration range. The binding mode of the most efficient inhibitors was characterized from high-resolution crystal complexed structures. Although these compounds do not possess intrinsic cytokinin activity, we have demonstrated their tremendous potential for use in the plant tissue culture industry as well as in agriculture. We have identified a key substance, compound 19, which not only increases stress resistance and seed yield in Arabidopsis, but also improves the yield of wheat, barley and rapeseed grains under field conditions. Our findings reveal that modulation of cytokinin levels via CKX inhibition can positively affect plant growth, development and yield, and prove that CKX inhibitors can be an attractive target in plant biotechnology and agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaroslav Nisler
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences & Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 27, Olomouc, Czech Republic
- Department of Chemistry of Natural Compounds, Faculty of Food and Biochemical Technology, University of Chemistry and Technology in Prague, Technická 5, Prague, Czech Republic
- Department of Chemical Biology and Genetics, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 27, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - David Kopečný
- Department of Protein Biochemistry and Proteomics, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 27, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Zuzana Pěkná
- Department of Chemical Biology and Genetics, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 27, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Radka Končitíková
- Department of Protein Biochemistry and Proteomics, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 27, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Radoslav Koprna
- Department of Chemical Biology and Genetics, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 27, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Nino Murvanidze
- Department Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Stefaan P O Werbrouck
- Department Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Libor Havlíček
- Isotope Laboratory, Institute of Experimental Botany, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, 142 20 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Nuria De Diego
- Department of Chemical Biology and Genetics, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 27, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Martina Kopečná
- Department of Protein Biochemistry and Proteomics, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 27, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Zdeněk Wimmer
- Department of Chemistry of Natural Compounds, Faculty of Food and Biochemical Technology, University of Chemistry and Technology in Prague, Technická 5, Prague, Czech Republic
- Isotope Laboratory, Institute of Experimental Botany, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, 142 20 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Pierre Briozzo
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, Route de Saint-Cyr, Versailles, France
| | - Solange Moréra
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), CEA, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - David Zalabák
- Department of Molecular Biology, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 27, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Lukáš Spíchal
- Department of Chemical Biology and Genetics, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 27, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Miroslav Strnad
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences & Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 27, Olomouc, Czech Republic
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Thomas P, Franco CMM. Intracellular Bacteria in Plants: Elucidation of Abundant and Diverse Cytoplasmic Bacteria in Healthy Plant Cells Using In Vitro Cell and Callus Cultures. Microorganisms 2021; 9:269. [PMID: 33525492 PMCID: PMC7912260 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9020269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was initiated to assess whether the supposedly axenic plant cell cultures harbored any cultivation-recalcitrant endophytic bacteria (CREB). Adopting live-cell imaging with bright-field, fluorescent and confocal microscopy and bacterial 16S-rRNA gene taxonomic profiling, we report the cytoplasmic association of abundant and diverse CREBs in long-term actively maintained callus and cell suspension cultures of different plant species. Preliminary bright-field live-cell imaging on grape cell cultures showed abundant intracellular motile micro-particles resembling bacteria, which proved uncultivable on enriched media. Bacterial probing employing DNA stains, transmission electron microscopy, and Eubacterial FISH indicated abundant and diverse cytoplasmic bacteria. Observations on long-term maintained/freshly established callus stocks of different plant species-grapevine, barley, tobacco, Arabidopsis, and medicinal species-indicated intracellular bacteria as a common phenomenon apparently originating from field shoot tissues.Cultivation-independent 16S rRNA gene V3/V3-V4 amplicon profiling on 40-year-old grape cell/callus tissues revealed a high bacterial diversity (>250 genera), predominantly Proteobacteria, succeeded by Firmicutes, Actinobacteria, Bacteriodetes, Planctomycetes, and 20 other phyla, including several candidate phyla. PICRUSt analysis revealed diverse functional roles for the bacterial microbiome, majorly metabolic pathways. Thus, we unearth the widespread association of cultivation-recalcitrant intracellular bacteria "Cytobacts" inhabiting healthy plant cells, sharing a dynamic mutualistic association with cell hosts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pious Thomas
- Thomas Biotech & Cytobacts Centre for Biosciences, Amruthahalli, Bengaluru 560092, India
| | - Christopher M. M. Franco
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, College of Medicine & Public Health, Flinders University, Bedford Park, Adelaide, SA 5042, Australia
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Faramayuda F, Sri Mariani T, Elfahmi, Sukrasno. Micropropagation and Secondary Metabolites Content of White-Purple Varieties of Orthosiphon aristatus Blume Miq. Pak J Biol Sci 2021; 24:858-867. [PMID: 34486353 DOI: 10.3923/pjbs.2021.858.867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
<b>Background and Objective:</b> The cat whiskers plant (<i>Orthosiphon aristatus</i> Blume Miq) is a plant that has been widely used as raw material for traditional medicine. The population of white-purple varieties of <i>O. aristatus</i> is decreasing efforts to maintain the white-purple <i>O. aristatus</i> need to be done keeping in mind its potential as raw material for traditional medicine. This study aims to determine the composition of a suitable medium in growing plantlet <i>O. aristatus</i> white-purple varieties and the content of its secondary metabolites. <b>Materials and Methods:</b> The internode explants were induced on MS medium added by various combinations of zeatin and 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D). Root induction was carried out on shoots formed on MS medium with Indole-3-Butyric Acid (IBA). The acclimatization process was carried out using soil media. Determination of secondary metabolite levels was carried out on <i>O. aristatus</i> (<i>in vitro</i> culture) and wild-type plants aged ten months using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). <b>Results:</b> MS+BAP 2ppm+NAA3 ppm media was the optimal medium for growing shoots in leaf explants. Media MS+zeatin 3 ppm+2,4-D 2 ppm produced good shoot growth on internode explants. The best root induction occurred in MS+IBA media of 0.75 ppm. The acclimatization process was successful on shoots originating from the internode, while those from leaf explants had not succeeded in growing and developing. <b>Conclusion:</b> The levels of rosmarinic acid and sinensetin in the white-purple variety <i>O. aristatus</i> (<i>in vitro</i> culture) were 1.08 and 1.62% w/w and higher than those of wild varieties.
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Chokheli VA, Dmitriev PA, Rajput VD, Bakulin SD, Azarov AS, Varduni TV, Stepanenko VV, Tarigholizadeh S, Singh RK, Verma KK, Minkina TM. Recent Development in Micropropagation Techniques for Rare Plant Species. Plants (Basel) 2020; 9:E1733. [PMID: 33302534 DOI: 10.3390/plants9121733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Revised: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The current investigation aimed to present an overview of the conservation of biological diversity of rare and endangered plant species. Methods of biodiversity conservation as well as several overview recommendations for the preservation of various rare species have been considered. An overview of the taxa included in the red book has been presented on the example of the Russian Federation. Global and local codes and classifiers of plant rarity were also presented. Future prospects for the conservation of biological diversity and the creation and development of bioresource collections have been considered.
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García-Pérez P, Lozano-Milo E, Landin M, Gallego PP. From Ethnomedicine to Plant Biotechnology and Machine Learning: The Valorization of the Medicinal Plant Bryophyllum sp. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2020; 13:ph13120444. [PMID: 33291844 PMCID: PMC7762000 DOI: 10.3390/ph13120444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Revised: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The subgenus Bryophyllum includes about 25 plant species native to Madagascar, and is widely used in traditional medicine worldwide. Different formulations from Bryophyllum have been employed for the treatment of several ailments, including infections, gynecological disorders, and chronic diseases, such as diabetes, neurological and neoplastic diseases. Two major families of secondary metabolites have been reported as responsible for these bioactivities: phenolic compounds and bufadienolides. These compounds are found in limited amounts in plants because they are biosynthesized in response to different biotic and abiotic stresses. Therefore, novel approaches should be undertaken with the aim of achieving the phytochemical valorization of Bryophyllum sp., allowing a sustainable production that prevents from a massive exploitation of wild plant resources. This review focuses on the study of phytoconstituents reported on Bryophyllum sp.; the application of plant tissue culture methodology as a reliable tool for the valorization of bioactive compounds; and the application of machine learning technology to model and optimize the full phytochemical potential of Bryophyllum sp. As a result, Bryophyllum species can be considered as a promising source of plant bioactive compounds, with enormous antioxidant and anticancer potential, which could be used for their large-scale biotechnological exploitation in cosmetic, food, and pharmaceutical industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pascual García-Pérez
- Applied Plant & Soil Biology, Plant Biology and Soil Science Department, Biology Faculty, University of Vigo, E-36310 Vigo, Spain; (P.G.-P.); (E.L.-M.)
- CITACA—Agri-Food Research and Transfer Cluster, University of Vigo, E-32004 Ourense, Spain
| | - Eva Lozano-Milo
- Applied Plant & Soil Biology, Plant Biology and Soil Science Department, Biology Faculty, University of Vigo, E-36310 Vigo, Spain; (P.G.-P.); (E.L.-M.)
- CITACA—Agri-Food Research and Transfer Cluster, University of Vigo, E-32004 Ourense, Spain
| | - Mariana Landin
- Pharmacology, Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology Department, Grupo I+D Farma (GI-1645), Pharmacy Faculty, University of Santiago, E-15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain;
- Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), E-15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Pedro P. Gallego
- Applied Plant & Soil Biology, Plant Biology and Soil Science Department, Biology Faculty, University of Vigo, E-36310 Vigo, Spain; (P.G.-P.); (E.L.-M.)
- CITACA—Agri-Food Research and Transfer Cluster, University of Vigo, E-32004 Ourense, Spain
- Correspondence:
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Luziatelli F, Gatti L, Ficca AG, Medori G, Silvestri C, Melini F, Muleo R, Ruzzi M. Metabolites Secreted by a Plant-Growth-Promoting Pantoea agglomerans Strain Improved Rooting of Pyrus communis L. cv Dar Gazi Cuttings. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:539359. [PMID: 33162945 PMCID: PMC7591501 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.539359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Strains belonging to Pantoea agglomerans species are known for their ability to produce metabolites that can act in synergy with auxins to induce the adventitious root (AR) formation. The latter is critically important in the agamic propagation of several woody species, including pear (Pyrus communis L.), playing a considerable role in the commercial nursery farms including those using micropropagation techniques. When grown on a medium amended with tryptophan, the plant-growth-promoting (PGP) strain P. agglomerans C1 produces a cocktail of auxin and auxin-like molecules that can be utilized as biostimulants to improve the rooting of vegetable (Solanum lycopersicum L.) and woody crop species (Prunus rootstock GF/677 and hazelnut). In this study, we evaluated the morphological and molecular responses induced by strain C1 exometabolites in microcuttings of P. communis L. cv Dar Gazi and the potential benefits arising from their application. Results showed that exometabolites by P. agglomerans C1 induced a direct and earlier emergence of roots from stem tissues and determined modifications of root morphological parameters and root architecture compared to plants treated with the synthetic hormone indole-3-butyric acid (IBA). Transcription analysis revealed differences in the temporal expression pattern of ARF17 gene when IBA and C1 exometabolites were used alone, while together they also determined changes in the expression pattern of other key auxin-regulated plant genes. These results suggest that the phenotypic and molecular changes triggered by P. agglomerans C1 are dependent on different stimulatory and inhibitory effects that auxin-like molecules and other metabolites secreted by this strain have on the gene regulatory network of the plant. This evidence supports the hypothesis that the strategies used to harness the metabolic potential of PGP bacteria are key factors in obtaining novel biostimulants for sustainable agriculture. Our results demonstrate that metabolites secreted by strain C1 can be successfully used to increase the efficiency of micropropagation of pear through tissue culture techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Luziatelli
- Department for Innovation in Biological, Agrofood and Forest Systems (DIBAF), University of Tuscia, Viterbo, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Gatti
- Department of Agricultural and Forest Sciences (DAFNE), University of Tuscia, Viterbo, Italy
| | - Anna Grazia Ficca
- Department for Innovation in Biological, Agrofood and Forest Systems (DIBAF), University of Tuscia, Viterbo, Italy
| | - Gabriele Medori
- Department of Agricultural and Forest Sciences (DAFNE), University of Tuscia, Viterbo, Italy
| | - Cristian Silvestri
- Department of Agricultural and Forest Sciences (DAFNE), University of Tuscia, Viterbo, Italy
| | - Francesca Melini
- Department for Innovation in Biological, Agrofood and Forest Systems (DIBAF), University of Tuscia, Viterbo, Italy
- CREA Research Centre for Food and Nutrition, Rome, Italy
| | - Rosario Muleo
- Department of Agricultural and Forest Sciences (DAFNE), University of Tuscia, Viterbo, Italy
| | - Maurizio Ruzzi
- Department for Innovation in Biological, Agrofood and Forest Systems (DIBAF), University of Tuscia, Viterbo, Italy
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González-Benito ME, Ibáñez MÁ, Pirredda M, Mira S, Martín C. Application of the MSAP Technique to Evaluate Epigenetic Changes in Plant Conservation. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E7459. [PMID: 33050382 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21207459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2020] [Revised: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Epigenetic variation, and particularly DNA methylation, is involved in plasticity and responses to changes in the environment. Conservation biology studies have focused on the measurement of this variation to establish demographic parameters, diversity levels and population structure to design the appropriate conservation strategies. However, in ex situ conservation approaches, the main objective is to guarantee the characteristics of the conserved material (phenotype and epi-genetic). We review the use of the Methylation Sensitive Amplified Polymorphism (MSAP) technique to detect changes in the DNA methylation patterns of plant material conserved by the main ex situ plant conservation methods: seed banks, in vitro slow growth and cryopreservation. Comparison of DNA methylation patterns before and after conservation is a useful tool to check the fidelity of the regenerated plants, and, at the same time, may be related with other genetic variations that might appear during the conservation process (i.e., somaclonal variation). Analyses of MSAP profiles can be useful in the management of ex situ plant conservation but differs in the approach used in the in situ conservation. Likewise, an easy-to-use methodology is necessary for a rapid interpretation of data, in order to be readily implemented by conservation managers.
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García-Pérez P, Losada-Barreiro S, Bravo-Díaz C, Gallego PP. Exploring the Use of Bryophyllum as Natural Source of Bioactive Compounds with Antioxidant Activity to Prevent Lipid Oxidation of Fish Oil-In-Water Emulsions. Plants (Basel) 2020; 9:E1012. [PMID: 32796522 PMCID: PMC7464648 DOI: 10.3390/plants9081012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Revised: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The current industrial requirements for food naturalness are forcing the development of new strategies to achieve the production of healthier foods by replacing the use of synthetic additives with bioactive compounds from natural sources. Here, we investigate the use of plant tissue culture as a biotechnological solution to produce plant-derived bioactive compounds with antioxidant activity and their application to protect fish oil-in-water emulsions against lipid peroxidation. The total phenolic content of Bryophyllum plant extracts ranges from 3.4 to 5.9 mM, expressed as gallic acid equivalents (GAE). The addition of Bryophyllum extracts to 4:6 fish oil-in-water emulsions results in a sharp (eight-fold) increase in the antioxidant efficiency due to the incorporation of polyphenols to the interfacial region. In the emulsions, the antioxidant efficiency of extracts increased linearly with concentration and levelled off at 500 μM GAE, reaching a plateau region. The antioxidant efficiency increases modestly (12%) upon increasing the pH from 3.0 to 5.0, while an increase in temperature from 10 to 30 °C causes a six-fold decrease in the antioxidant efficiency. Overall, results show that Bryophyllum plant-derived extracts are promising sources of bioactive compounds with antioxidant activity that can be eventually be used to control lipid oxidation in food emulsions containing (poly)unsaturated fatty acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pascual García-Pérez
- Applied Plant & Soil Biology, Plant Biology and Soil Science Department, Biology Faculty, University of Vigo, 36310 Vigo, Spain;
- CITACA, Agri-Food Research and Transfer Cluster, University of Vigo, 32004 Ourense, Spain
| | - Sonia Losada-Barreiro
- Physical Chemistry Department, Chemistry Faculty, University of Vigo, 36310 Vigo, Spain;
- REQUIMTE-LAQV, Chemistry and Biochemistry Department, Science Faculty, University of Porto, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - Carlos Bravo-Díaz
- Physical Chemistry Department, Chemistry Faculty, University of Vigo, 36310 Vigo, Spain;
| | - Pedro P. Gallego
- Applied Plant & Soil Biology, Plant Biology and Soil Science Department, Biology Faculty, University of Vigo, 36310 Vigo, Spain;
- CITACA, Agri-Food Research and Transfer Cluster, University of Vigo, 32004 Ourense, Spain
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Vylíčilová H, Bryksová M, Matušková V, Doležal K, Plíhalová L, Strnad M. Naturally Occurring and Artificial N9-Cytokinin Conjugates: From Synthesis to Biological Activity and Back. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10060832. [PMID: 32485963 PMCID: PMC7356397 DOI: 10.3390/biom10060832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Revised: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Cytokinins and their sugar or non-sugar conjugates are very active growth-promoting factors in plants, although they occur at very low concentrations. These compounds have been identified in numerous plant species. This review predominantly focuses on 9-substituted adenine-based cytokinin conjugates, both artificial and endogenous, sugar and non-sugar, and their roles in plants. Acquired information about their biological activities, interconversions, and metabolism improves understanding of their mechanisms of action and functions in planta. Although a number of 9-substituted cytokinins occur endogenously, many have also been prepared in laboratories to facilitate the clarification of their physiological roles and the determination of their biological properties. Here, we chart advances in knowledge of 9-substituted cytokinin conjugates from their discovery to current understanding and reciprocal interactions between biological properties and associated structural motifs. Current organic chemistry enables preparation of derivatives with better biological properties, such as improved anti-senescence, strong cell division stimulation, shoot forming, or more persistent stress tolerance compared to endogenous or canonical cytokinins. Many artificial cytokinin conjugates stimulate higher mass production than naturally occurring cytokinins, improve rooting, or simply have high stability or bioavailability. Thus, knowledge of the biosynthesis, metabolism, and activity of 9-substituted cytokinins in various plant species extends the scope for exploiting both natural and artificially prepared cytokinins in plant biotechnology, tissue culture, and agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hana Vylíčilová
- Department of Chemical Biology and Genetics, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 27, CZ-783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic; (H.V.); (M.B.); (V.M.); (K.D.)
| | - Magdaléna Bryksová
- Department of Chemical Biology and Genetics, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 27, CZ-783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic; (H.V.); (M.B.); (V.M.); (K.D.)
| | - Vlasta Matušková
- Department of Chemical Biology and Genetics, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 27, CZ-783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic; (H.V.); (M.B.); (V.M.); (K.D.)
| | - Karel Doležal
- Department of Chemical Biology and Genetics, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 27, CZ-783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic; (H.V.); (M.B.); (V.M.); (K.D.)
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Palacký University & Institute of Experimental Botany ASCR, Šlechtitelů 27, CZ-783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic;
| | - Lucie Plíhalová
- Department of Chemical Biology and Genetics, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 27, CZ-783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic; (H.V.); (M.B.); (V.M.); (K.D.)
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Palacký University & Institute of Experimental Botany ASCR, Šlechtitelů 27, CZ-783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic;
- Correspondence:
| | - Miroslav Strnad
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Palacký University & Institute of Experimental Botany ASCR, Šlechtitelů 27, CZ-783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic;
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García-Pérez P, Lozano-Milo E, Landín M, Gallego PP. Machine Learning Technology Reveals the Concealed Interactions of Phytohormones on Medicinal Plant In Vitro Organogenesis. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10050746. [PMID: 32403395 PMCID: PMC7278175 DOI: 10.3390/biom10050746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Revised: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Organogenesis constitutes the biological feature driving plant in vitro regeneration, in which the role of plant hormones is crucial. The use of machine learning (ML) technology stands out as a novel approach to characterize the combined role of two phytohormones, the auxin indoleacetic acid (IAA) and the cytokinin 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP), on the in vitro organogenesis of unexploited medicinal plants from the Bryophyllum subgenus. The predictive model generated by neurofuzzy logic, a combination of artificial neural networks (ANNs) and fuzzy logic algorithms, was able to reveal the critical factors affecting such multifactorial process over the experimental dataset collected. The rules obtained along with the model allowed to decipher that BAP had a pleiotropic effect on the Bryophyllum spp., as it caused different organogenetic responses depending on its concentration and the genotype, including direct and indirect shoot organogenesis and callus formation. On the contrary, IAA showed an inhibiting role, restricted to indirect shoot regeneration. In this work, neurofuzzy logic emerged as a cutting-edge method to characterize the mechanism of action of two phytohormones, leading to the optimization of plant tissue culture protocols with high large-scale biotechnological applicability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pascual García-Pérez
- Applied Plant & Soil Biology, Plant Biology and Soil Science Department, Biology Faculty, University of Vigo, E-36310 Vigo, Spain; (P.G.-P.); (E.L.-M.)
- CITACA—Agri-Food Research and Transfer Cluster, University of Vigo, E-32004 Ourense, Spain
| | - Eva Lozano-Milo
- Applied Plant & Soil Biology, Plant Biology and Soil Science Department, Biology Faculty, University of Vigo, E-36310 Vigo, Spain; (P.G.-P.); (E.L.-M.)
- CITACA—Agri-Food Research and Transfer Cluster, University of Vigo, E-32004 Ourense, Spain
| | - Mariana Landín
- Pharmacology, Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Santiago, E-15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain;
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago (IDIS), E-15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Pedro Pablo Gallego
- Applied Plant & Soil Biology, Plant Biology and Soil Science Department, Biology Faculty, University of Vigo, E-36310 Vigo, Spain; (P.G.-P.); (E.L.-M.)
- CITACA—Agri-Food Research and Transfer Cluster, University of Vigo, E-32004 Ourense, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-986-812-595
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Hlatshwayo NA, Amoo SO, Olowoyo JO, Doležal K. Efficient Micropropagation Protocol for the Conservation of the Endangered Aloe peglerae, an Ornamental and Medicinal Species. Plants (Basel) 2020; 9:plants9040506. [PMID: 32295312 PMCID: PMC7238064 DOI: 10.3390/plants9040506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2020] [Revised: 03/08/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
A number of Aloe species are facing an extremely high risk of extinction due to habitat loss and over-exploitation for medicinal and ornamental trade. The last global assessment of Aloe peglerae Schönland (in 2003) ranked its global conservation status as ‘endangered’ with a decreasing population trend. In the National Red List of South African Plants, the extremely rapid decline of this species has resulted in its conservation status being elevated from ‘endangered’ to ‘critically endangered’ based on recent or new field information. This dramatic decline necessitates the development of a simple, rapid and efficient micropropagation protocol as a conservation measure. An in vitro propagation protocol was therefore established with the regeneration of 12 shoots per shoot-tip explant within 8 weeks using Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with 2.5 µM meta-topolin riboside (an aromatic cytokinin). The rooting of the shoots with a 100% frequency on half-strength MS medium without any plant growth resulted in additional six shoots produced per cultured shoot. The resultant plantlets were successfully acclimatized with a 100% survival frequency after 6 weeks. Overall, the developed protocol can result in the production of 3906 transplantable shoots that are ready for rooting per annum from a single shoot-tip explant. It is simple and efficient for seedling production in the ex situ cultivation and conservation of the endangered A. peglerae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nontobeko A. Hlatshwayo
- Agricultural Research Council—Vegetable and Ornamental Plants, Private Bag X293, Pretoria 0001, South Africa;
- Department of Biology, Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University, P. O. Box 139, Medunsa 0204, South Africa;
| | - Stephen O. Amoo
- Agricultural Research Council—Vegetable and Ornamental Plants, Private Bag X293, Pretoria 0001, South Africa;
- Correspondence:
| | - Joshua O. Olowoyo
- Department of Biology, Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University, P. O. Box 139, Medunsa 0204, South Africa;
| | - Karel Doležal
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators & Department of Chemical Biology and Genetics, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Faculty of Science, Palacký University & Institute of Experimental Botany AS CR, Šlechtitelů 11, CZ-78371 Olomouc, Czech Republic;
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