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Thirulogachandar V, Govind G, Hensel G, Kale SM, Kuhlmann M, Eschen-Lippold L, Rutten T, Koppolu R, Rajaraman J, Palakolanu SR, Seiler C, Sakuma S, Jayakodi M, Lee J, Kumlehn J, Komatsuda T, Schnurbusch T, Sreenivasulu N. HOMEOBOX2, the paralog of SIX-ROWED SPIKE1/HOMEOBOX1, is dispensable for barley spikelet development. J Exp Bot 2024; 75:2900-2916. [PMID: 38366171 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erae044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024]
Abstract
The HD-ZIP class I transcription factor Homeobox 1 (HvHOX1), also known as Vulgare Row-type Spike 1 (VRS1) or Six-rowed Spike 1, regulates lateral spikelet fertility in barley (Hordeum vulgare L.). It was shown that HvHOX1 has a high expression only in lateral spikelets, while its paralog HvHOX2 was found to be expressed in different plant organs. Yet, the mechanistic functions of HvHOX1 and HvHOX2 during spikelet development are still fragmentary. Here, we show that compared with HvHOX1, HvHOX2 is more highly conserved across different barley genotypes and Hordeum species, hinting at a possibly vital but still unclarified biological role. Using bimolecular fluorescence complementation, DNA-binding, and transactivation assays, we validate that HvHOX1 and HvHOX2 are bona fide transcriptional activators that may potentially heterodimerize. Accordingly, both genes exhibit similar spatiotemporal expression patterns during spike development and growth, albeit their mRNA levels differ quantitatively. We show that HvHOX1 delays the lateral spikelet meristem differentiation and affects fertility by aborting the reproductive organs. Interestingly, the ancestral relationship of the two genes inferred from their co-expressed gene networks suggested that HvHOX1 and HvHOX2 might play a similar role during barley spikelet development. However, CRISPR-derived mutants of HvHOX1 and HvHOX2 demonstrated the suppressive role of HvHOX1 on lateral spikelets, while the loss of HvHOX2 does not influence spikelet development. Collectively, our study shows that through the suppression of reproductive organs, lateral spikelet fertility is regulated by HvHOX1, whereas HvHOX2 is dispensable for spikelet development in barley.
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Affiliation(s)
- Venkatasubbu Thirulogachandar
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Corrensstr. 3, OT Gatersleben, D-06466 Stadt Seeland, Germany
- Research Group Abiotic Stress Genomics, Interdisciplinary Center for Crop Plant Research (IZN), Hoher Weg 8, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Geetha Govind
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Corrensstr. 3, OT Gatersleben, D-06466 Stadt Seeland, Germany
| | - Götz Hensel
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Corrensstr. 3, OT Gatersleben, D-06466 Stadt Seeland, Germany
| | - Sandip M Kale
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Corrensstr. 3, OT Gatersleben, D-06466 Stadt Seeland, Germany
| | - Markus Kuhlmann
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Corrensstr. 3, OT Gatersleben, D-06466 Stadt Seeland, Germany
- Research Group Abiotic Stress Genomics, Interdisciplinary Center for Crop Plant Research (IZN), Hoher Weg 8, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | | | - Twan Rutten
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Corrensstr. 3, OT Gatersleben, D-06466 Stadt Seeland, Germany
| | - Ravi Koppolu
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Corrensstr. 3, OT Gatersleben, D-06466 Stadt Seeland, Germany
| | - Jeyaraman Rajaraman
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Corrensstr. 3, OT Gatersleben, D-06466 Stadt Seeland, Germany
| | - Sudhakar Reddy Palakolanu
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Corrensstr. 3, OT Gatersleben, D-06466 Stadt Seeland, Germany
| | - Christiane Seiler
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Corrensstr. 3, OT Gatersleben, D-06466 Stadt Seeland, Germany
| | - Shun Sakuma
- National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences (NIAS), Plant Genome Research Unit, Tsukuba 3058602, Japan
| | - Murukarthick Jayakodi
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Corrensstr. 3, OT Gatersleben, D-06466 Stadt Seeland, Germany
| | - Justin Lee
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry (IPB), Weinberg 3, D-06120 Halle, Germany
| | - Jochen Kumlehn
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Corrensstr. 3, OT Gatersleben, D-06466 Stadt Seeland, Germany
| | - Takao Komatsuda
- National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences (NIAS), Plant Genome Research Unit, Tsukuba 3058602, Japan
| | - Thorsten Schnurbusch
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Corrensstr. 3, OT Gatersleben, D-06466 Stadt Seeland, Germany
- Institute of Agricultural and Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences III, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, 06120 Halle, Germany
| | - Nese Sreenivasulu
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Corrensstr. 3, OT Gatersleben, D-06466 Stadt Seeland, Germany
- Research Group Abiotic Stress Genomics, Interdisciplinary Center for Crop Plant Research (IZN), Hoher Weg 8, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
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Zhou L, Asad MAU, Guan X, Pan G, Zhang Y, Cheng F. Rice myo-inositol-3-phosphate synthase 2 (RINO2) alleviates heat injury-induced impairment in pollen germination and tube growth by modulating Ca 2+ signaling and actin filament cytoskeleton. Plant J 2024. [PMID: 38761097 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.16802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/20/2024]
Abstract
Low phytic acid (lpa) crop is considered as an effective strategy to improve crop nutritional quality, but a substantial decrease in phytic acid (PA) usually has negative effect on agronomic performance and its response to environment adversities. Myo-inositol-3-phosphate synthase (MIPS) is the rate-limiting enzyme in PA biosynthesis pathway, and regarded as the prime target for engineering lpa crop. In this paper, the rice MIPS gene (RINO2) knockout mutants and its wild type were performed to investigate the genotype-dependent alteration in the heat injury-induced spikelet fertility and its underlying mechanism for rice plants being imposed to heat stress at anthesis. Results indicated that RINO2 knockout significantly enhanced the susceptibility of rice spikelet fertility to heat injury, due to the severely exacerbated obstacles in pollen germination and pollen tube growth in pistil for RINO2 knockout under high temperature (HT) at anthesis. The loss of RINO2 function caused a marked reduction in inositol and phosphatidylinositol derivative concentrations in the HT-stressed pollen grains, which resulted in the strikingly lower content of phosphatidylinositol 4,5-diphosphate (PI (4,5) P2) in germinating pollen grain and pollen tube. The insufficient supply of PI (4,5) P2 in the HT-stressed pollen grains disrupted normal Ca2+ gradient in the apical region of pollen tubes and actin filament cytoskeleton in growing pollen tubes. The severely repressed biosynthesis of PI (4,5) P2 was among the regulatory switch steps leading to the impaired pollen germination and deformed pollen tube growth for the HT-stressed pollens of RINO2 knockout mutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lujian Zhou
- Institute of Crop Science, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Muhammad-Asad-Ullah Asad
- Institute of Crop Science, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Xianyue Guan
- Institute of Crop Science, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Gang Pan
- Institute of Crop Science, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Institute of Crop Science, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Fangmin Cheng
- Institute of Crop Science, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- Collaborative Innovation Centre for Modern Crop Production Co-sponsored by Province and Ministry, Nanjing, 210095, China
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Sun W, Lu C, Wen L, Liu Y, Zhou X, Xiao X, Guo X, Wang Z, Sun Z, Zhang Z, Zhang Y. Low sucrose availability reduces basal spikelet fertility by inducing abscisic acid and jasmonic acid synthesis in wheat. J Exp Bot 2024; 75:1967-1981. [PMID: 38069503 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erad484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
Within a spike of wheat, the central spikelets usually generate three to four fertile florets, while the basal spikelets generate zero to one fertile floret. The physiological and transcriptional mechanism behind the difference in fertility between the basal and central spikelets is unclear. This study reports a high temporal resolution investigation of transcriptomes, number and morphology of floret primordia, and physiological traits. The W6.5-W7.5 stage was regarded as the boundary to distinguish between fertile and abortive floret primordia; those floret primordia reaching the W6.5-W7.5 stage during the differentiation phase (3-9 d after terminal spikelet stage) usually developed into fertile florets in the next dimorphism phase (12-27 d after terminal spikelet stage), whereas the others aborted. The central spikelets had a greater number of fertile florets than the basal spikelets, which was associated with more floret primordia reaching the W6.5-W7.5 stage. Physiological and transcriptional results demonstrated that the central spikelets had a higher sucrose content and lower abscisic acid (ABA) and jasmonic acid (JA) accumulation than the basal spikelets due to down-regulation of genes involved in ABA and JA synthesis. Collectively, we propose a model in which ABA and JA accumulation is induced under limiting sucrose availability (basal spikelet) through the up-regulation of genes involved in ABA and JA synthesis; this leads to floret primordia in the basal spikelets failing to reach their fertile potential (W6.5-W7.5 stage) during the differentiation phase and then aborting. This fertility repression model may also regulate spikelet fertility in other cereal crops and potentially provides genetic resources to improve spikelet fertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan Sun
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Chongjing Lu
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Liangyun Wen
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yaqun Liu
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Xiaohan Zhou
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Xuechen Xiao
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Xiaolei Guo
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Zhimin Wang
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100193, China
- Engineering Technology Research Center for Agriculture in Low Plain Areas, Hebei Province, 061800, China
| | - Zhencai Sun
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100193, China
- Engineering Technology Research Center for Agriculture in Low Plain Areas, Hebei Province, 061800, China
| | - Zhen Zhang
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yinghua Zhang
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100193, China
- Engineering Technology Research Center for Agriculture in Low Plain Areas, Hebei Province, 061800, China
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Tian W, Mu Q, Gao Y, Zhang Y, Wang Y, Ding S, Aloryi KD, Okpala NE, Tian X. Micrometeorological monitoring reveals that canopy temperature is a reliable trait for the screening of heat tolerance in rice. Front Plant Sci 2024; 15:1326606. [PMID: 38434427 PMCID: PMC10904656 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1326606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
Micrometeorological monitoring is not just an effective method of determining the impact of heat stress on rice, but also a reliable way of understanding how to screen for heat tolerance in rice. The aim of this study was to use micrometeorological monitoring to determine varietal differences in rice plants grown under two weather scenarios-Long-term Heat Scenario (LHS) and Normal Weather Scenario (NWS)- so as to establish reliable methods for heat tolerance screening. Experiments were conducted with two heat susceptible varieties-Mianhui 101 and IR64-and two heat tolerant varieties, Quanliangyou 681 and SDWG005. We used staggered sowing method to ensure that all varieties flower at the same time. Our results showed that heat tolerant varieties maintained lower canopy temperature compared to heat susceptible varieties, not just during the crucial flowering period of 10 am to 12 pm, but throughout the entire day and night. The higher stomatal conductance rate observed in heat tolerant varieties possibly decreased their canopy temperatures through the process of evaporative cooling during transpiration. Conversely, we found that panicle temperature cannot be used to screen for heat tolerance at night, as we observed no significant difference in the panicle temperature of heat tolerant and heat susceptible varieties at night. However, we also reported that higher panicle temperature in heat susceptible varieties decreased spikelet fertility rate, while low panicle temperature in heat tolerant varieties increased spikelet fertility rate. In conclusion, the results of this study showed that canopy temperature is probably the most reliable trait to screen for heat tolerance in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wentao Tian
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Grain Industry, Yangtze University Jingzhou, Hubei, China
- Engineering Research Center of Ecology and Agricultural Use of Wetland, Ministry of Education, Hubei, China
| | - Qilin Mu
- Engineering Research Center of Ecology and Agricultural Use of Wetland, Ministry of Education, Hubei, China
| | - Yuan Gao
- Engineering Research Center of Ecology and Agricultural Use of Wetland, Ministry of Education, Hubei, China
| | - Yunbo Zhang
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Grain Industry, Yangtze University Jingzhou, Hubei, China
| | - Yi Wang
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Grain Industry, Yangtze University Jingzhou, Hubei, China
| | - Shuangcheng Ding
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Grain Industry, Yangtze University Jingzhou, Hubei, China
| | - Kelvin Dodzi Aloryi
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Grain Industry, Yangtze University Jingzhou, Hubei, China
- Engineering Research Center of Ecology and Agricultural Use of Wetland, Ministry of Education, Hubei, China
| | - Nnaemeka Emmanuel Okpala
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Grain Industry, Yangtze University Jingzhou, Hubei, China
- Engineering Research Center of Ecology and Agricultural Use of Wetland, Ministry of Education, Hubei, China
| | - Xiaohai Tian
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Grain Industry, Yangtze University Jingzhou, Hubei, China
- Engineering Research Center of Ecology and Agricultural Use of Wetland, Ministry of Education, Hubei, China
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Shen L, Liu Y, Zhang L, Sun Z, Wang Z, Jiao Y, Shen K, Guo Z. A transcriptional atlas identifies key regulators and networks for the development of spike tissues in barley. Cell Rep 2023; 42:113441. [PMID: 37971941 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.113441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Revised: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Grain number and size determine grain yield in crops and are closely associated with spikelet fertility and grain filling in barley (Hordeum vulgare). Abortion of spikelet primordia within individual barley spikes causes a 30%-50% loss in the potential number of grains during development from the awn primordium stage to the tipping stage, after that grain filling is the primary factor regulating grain size. To identify transcriptional signatures associated with spike development, we use a six-rowed barley cultivar (Morex) to develop a spatiotemporal transcriptome atlas containing 255 samples covering 17 stages and 5 positions along the spike. We identify several fundamental regulatory networks, in addition to key regulators of spike development and morphology. Specifically, we show HvGELP96, encoding a GDSL domain-containing protein, as a regulator of spikelet fertility and grain number. Our transcriptional atlas offers a powerful resource to answer fundamental questions in spikelet development and degeneration in barley.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liping Shen
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China; China National Botanical Garden, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Yangyang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Lili Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Zhiwen Sun
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Ziying Wang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yuannian Jiao
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Institute of Botany, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Kuocheng Shen
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zifeng Guo
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; China National Botanical Garden, Beijing 100093, China.
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Backhaus AE, Griffiths C, Vergara-Cruces A, Simmonds J, Lee R, Morris RJ, Uauy C. Delayed development of basal spikelets in wheat explains their increased floret abortion and rudimentary nature. J Exp Bot 2023; 74:5088-5103. [PMID: 37338600 PMCID: PMC10498016 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erad233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023]
Abstract
Large differences exist in the number of grains per spikelet across an individual wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) spike. The central spikelets produce the highest number of grains, while apical and basal spikelets are less productive, and the most basal spikelets are commonly only developed in rudimentary form. Basal spikelets are delayed in initiation, yet they continue to develop and produce florets. The precise timing or the cause of their abortion remains largely unknown. Here, we investigated the underlying causes of basal spikelet abortion using shading applications in the field. We found that basal spikelet abortion is likely to be the consequence of complete floret abortion, as both occur concurrently and have the same response to shading treatments. We detected no differences in assimilate availability across the spike. Instead, we show that the reduced developmental age of basal florets pre-anthesis is strongly associated with their increased abortion. Using the developmental age pre-abortion, we were able to predict final grain set per spikelet across the spike, alongside the characteristic gradient in the number of grains from basal to central spikelets. Future efforts to improve spikelet homogeneity across the spike could thus focus on improving basal spikelet establishment and increasing floret development rates pre-abortion.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Cara Griffiths
- Plant Science, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, Hertfordshire AL5 2JQ, UK
| | | | - James Simmonds
- John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, Norfolk NR4 7UH, UK
| | - Rebecca Lee
- John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, Norfolk NR4 7UH, UK
| | - Richard J Morris
- John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, Norfolk NR4 7UH, UK
| | - Cristobal Uauy
- John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, Norfolk NR4 7UH, UK
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Karwa S, Taunk J, Maurya S, Das A, Krishna GK, Arya SS, Kumar A, Kumar S, Kumar P, Chinnusamy V, Pal M. Spermidine exogenous application mollifies reproductive stage heat stress ramifications in rice. Front Plant Sci 2022; 13:1027662. [PMID: 36531406 PMCID: PMC9755515 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1027662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Rice productivity is severely hampered by heat stress (HS) which induces oxidative stress in this crop. This oxidative stress can be alleviated using various exogenous chemicals, including spermidine (Spd). Therefore, the present study was carried out to characterize HS components and to elucidate the role of exogenous Spd application in rice at the flowering stage. METHODS Two contrasting rice genotypes, i.e. Nagina22 (N22) and Pusa Basmati-1121 (PB-1121) were placed in temperature tunnels and exposed to HS (38-43°C) with and without Spd (1.5 mM) foliar application during the heading stage till the end of the anthesis stage. RESULT Heat stress induced the production of H2O2 and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances, which resulted in lower photosynthesis, spikelet sterility, and reduced grain yield. Interestingly, foliar application of Spd induced antioxidant enzyme activities and thus increased total antioxidant capacity resulting in higher photosynthesis, spikelet fertility, and improved grain yield under HS in both genotypes. Under HS with Spd, higher sugar content was recorded as compared to HS alone, which maintained the osmotic equilibrium in leaf and spikelets. Spd application initiated in vivo polyamine biosynthesis, which increased endogenous polyamine levels. DISCUSSION This study corroborates that the exogenous application of Spd is promising in induction of antioxidant defence and ameliorating HS tolerance in rice via improved photosynthesis and transpiration. Thereby, the study proposes the potential application of Spd to reduce HS in rice under current global warming scenario.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sourabh Karwa
- Division of Plant Physiology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
- Department of Botany, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana, India
| | - Jyoti Taunk
- Division of Plant Physiology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
- Department of Biotechnology, University Centre for Research and Development (UCRD), Chandigarh University, Mohali, Punjab, India
| | - Sadhana Maurya
- Division of Plant Physiology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Adhip Das
- Division of Plant Physiology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - G. K. Krishna
- Division of Plant Physiology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
- Department of Plant Physiology, College of Agriculture, Kerala Agricultural University, Thrissur, India
| | - Sunder Singh Arya
- Department of Botany, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana, India
| | - Awadhesh Kumar
- Crop Physiology and Biotechnology Division, Indian Council of Agricultural Research-National Rice Research Institute (ICAR-NRRI), Cuttack, Odisha, India
| | - Sudhir Kumar
- Division of Plant Physiology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Pramod Kumar
- Division of Plant Physiology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Viswanathan Chinnusamy
- Division of Plant Physiology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Madan Pal
- Division of Plant Physiology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
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Proud C, Campbell B, Susanti Z, Fukai S, Godwin I, Ovenden B, Snell P, Mitchell J. Quantitative trait loci (QTL) for low temperature tolerance at the young microspore stage in rice ( Oryza sativa L.) in Australian breeding material. Breed Sci 2022; 72:238-247. [PMID: 36408321 PMCID: PMC9653190 DOI: 10.1270/jsbbs.21096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Low temperatures at the young microspore stage (YMS) decreases spikelet fertility and is a major limiting factor to rice production in temperate Australia. Low temperature tolerance is a difficult trait to phenotype, hence there is a strong desire for the identification of quantitative trait loci (QTL) for their use in marker-assisted selection (MAS). Association mapping was used in several breeding populations with a known source of low temperature tolerance, Norin PL8, to identify QTL for low temperature tolerance. A novel QTL for spikelet fertility was identified on chromosome 6, qYMCT6.1, in which the Australian variety, Kyeema, was the donor for increased fertility. Additional five genomics regions were identified that co-located with previously reported QTL, two of which have been previously cloned. Additionally, for the first time a QTL for spikelet fertility qYMCT10.1, has been shown to co-locate with the number of dehisced anthers qYMCTF10.1 which increases the shedding of pollen from the anthers. This study revealed one new QTL for low temperature tolerance at YMS in temperate japonica germplasm and identified an additional five previously reported. These QTL will be utilised for MAS in the Australian rice breeding program and may have merit for temperate breeding programs globally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Proud
- The University of Queensland, School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, St Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Bradley Campbell
- The University of Queensland, School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, St Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Zuziana Susanti
- The University of Queensland, School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, St Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
- Indonesian Centre for Rice Research, Agency for Agricultural Research and Development, Subang, West-Java, Indonesia
| | - Shu Fukai
- The University of Queensland, School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, St Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Ian Godwin
- Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Ben Ovenden
- Department of Primary Industries, Yanco Agricultural Institute, Yanco, NSW 2703, Australia
| | - Peter Snell
- Department of Primary Industries, Yanco Agricultural Institute, Yanco, NSW 2703, Australia
| | - Jaquie Mitchell
- The University of Queensland, School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, St Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
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Qi B, Wu C. Potential roles of stigma exsertion on spikelet fertility in rice ( Oryza sativa L.) under heat stress. Front Plant Sci 2022; 13:983070. [PMID: 36212346 PMCID: PMC9532568 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.983070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Heat stress during the flowering stage induces declining spikelet fertility in rice plants, which is primarily attributed to poor pollination manifesting as insufficient pollen deposited on the stigma. Plant pollination is associated with anther dehiscence, pollen dispersal characteristics, and stigma morphology. The mechanisms underlying the responses of spikelet fertility to heat stress have been clarified in depth in terms of the morphological and behavioral characteristics of the male reproductive organs in rice. However, the roles of female reproductive organs, especially the stigma, on spikelet fertility under heat conditions are unclear. The present study reviews the superiority of stigma exsertion on pollen receptivity under heat during the flowering stage and discusses the variations in the effects of exserted stigma on alleviating injury under asymmetric heat (high daytime and high nighttime temperatures). The pollination advantages of exserted stigmas seem to be realized more under high nighttime temperatures than under high daytime temperatures. It is speculated that high stigma exsertion is beneficial to spikelet fertility under high nighttime temperatures but detrimental under high daytime temperatures. To cope with global warming, more attention should be given to rice stigma exsertion, which can be manipulated through QTL pyramiding and exogenous hormone application and has application potential to develop heat-tolerant rice varieties or innovate rice heat-resistant cultivation techniques, especially under high nighttime temperatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beibei Qi
- College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Functional Phytochemicals Research and Utilization, Guangxi Institute of Botany, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guilin, China
| | - Chao Wu
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Functional Phytochemicals Research and Utilization, Guangxi Institute of Botany, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guilin, China
- *Correspondence: Chao Wu,
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Ali I, Tang L, Dai J, Kang M, Mahmood A, Wang W, Liu B, Liu L, Cao W, Zhu Y. Responses of Grain Yield and Yield Related Parameters to Post-Heading Low-Temperature Stress in Japonica Rice. Plants (Basel) 2021; 10:1425. [PMID: 34371626 PMCID: PMC8309334 DOI: 10.3390/plants10071425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2021] [Revised: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
There is unprecedented increase in low-temperature stress (LTS) during post-heading stages in rice as a consequence of the recent climate changes. Quantifying the effect of LTS on yields is key to unraveling the impact of climatic changes on crop production, and therefore developing corresponding mitigation strategies. The present research was conducted to analyze and quantify the effect of post-heading LTS on rice yields as well as yield and grain filling related parameters. A two-year experiment was conducted during rice growing season of 2018 and 2019 using two Japonica cultivars (Huaidao 5 and Nanjing 46) with different low-temperature sensitivities, at four daily minimum/maximum temperature regimes of 21/27 °C (T1), 17/23 °C (T2), 13/19 °C (T3) and 9/15 °C (T4). These temperature treatments were performed for 3 (D1), 6 (D2) or 9 days (D3), at both flowering and grain filling stages. We found LTS for 3 days had no significant effect on grain yield, even when the daily mean temperature was as low as 12 °C. However, LTS of between 6 and 9 days at flowering but not at filling stage significantly reduced grain yield of both cultivars. Comparatively, Huaidao 5 was more cold tolerant than Nanjing 46. LTS at flowering and grain filling stages significantly reduced both maximum and mean grain filling rates. Moreover, LTS prolonged the grain filling duration of both cultivars. Additionally, there was a strong correlation between yield loss and spikelet fertility, spikelet weight at maturity, grain filling duration as well as mean and maximum grain filling rates under post-heading LTS (p < 0.001). Moreover, the effect of post-heading LTS on rice yield can be well quantified by integrating the canopy temperature (CT) based accumulated cold degree days (ACDDCT) with the response surface model. The findings of this research are useful in modeling rice productivity under LTS and for predicting rice productivity under future climates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iftikhar Ali
- National Engineering and Technology Center for Information Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (I.A.); (L.T.); (J.D.); (M.K.); (A.M.); (W.W.); (B.L.); (L.L.); (W.C.)
- Engineering Research Center of Smart Agriculture, Ministry of Education, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- Key Laboratory for Crop System Analysis and Decision Making, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Information Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- Department of Agronomy, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Liang Tang
- National Engineering and Technology Center for Information Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (I.A.); (L.T.); (J.D.); (M.K.); (A.M.); (W.W.); (B.L.); (L.L.); (W.C.)
- Engineering Research Center of Smart Agriculture, Ministry of Education, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- Key Laboratory for Crop System Analysis and Decision Making, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Information Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Junjie Dai
- National Engineering and Technology Center for Information Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (I.A.); (L.T.); (J.D.); (M.K.); (A.M.); (W.W.); (B.L.); (L.L.); (W.C.)
- Engineering Research Center of Smart Agriculture, Ministry of Education, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- Key Laboratory for Crop System Analysis and Decision Making, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Information Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Min Kang
- National Engineering and Technology Center for Information Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (I.A.); (L.T.); (J.D.); (M.K.); (A.M.); (W.W.); (B.L.); (L.L.); (W.C.)
- Engineering Research Center of Smart Agriculture, Ministry of Education, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- Key Laboratory for Crop System Analysis and Decision Making, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Information Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Aqib Mahmood
- National Engineering and Technology Center for Information Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (I.A.); (L.T.); (J.D.); (M.K.); (A.M.); (W.W.); (B.L.); (L.L.); (W.C.)
- Engineering Research Center of Smart Agriculture, Ministry of Education, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- Key Laboratory for Crop System Analysis and Decision Making, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Information Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Wei Wang
- National Engineering and Technology Center for Information Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (I.A.); (L.T.); (J.D.); (M.K.); (A.M.); (W.W.); (B.L.); (L.L.); (W.C.)
- Engineering Research Center of Smart Agriculture, Ministry of Education, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- Key Laboratory for Crop System Analysis and Decision Making, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Information Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Bing Liu
- National Engineering and Technology Center for Information Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (I.A.); (L.T.); (J.D.); (M.K.); (A.M.); (W.W.); (B.L.); (L.L.); (W.C.)
- Engineering Research Center of Smart Agriculture, Ministry of Education, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- Key Laboratory for Crop System Analysis and Decision Making, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Information Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Leilei Liu
- National Engineering and Technology Center for Information Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (I.A.); (L.T.); (J.D.); (M.K.); (A.M.); (W.W.); (B.L.); (L.L.); (W.C.)
- Engineering Research Center of Smart Agriculture, Ministry of Education, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- Key Laboratory for Crop System Analysis and Decision Making, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Information Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Weixing Cao
- National Engineering and Technology Center for Information Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (I.A.); (L.T.); (J.D.); (M.K.); (A.M.); (W.W.); (B.L.); (L.L.); (W.C.)
- Engineering Research Center of Smart Agriculture, Ministry of Education, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- Key Laboratory for Crop System Analysis and Decision Making, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Information Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Yan Zhu
- National Engineering and Technology Center for Information Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (I.A.); (L.T.); (J.D.); (M.K.); (A.M.); (W.W.); (B.L.); (L.L.); (W.C.)
- Engineering Research Center of Smart Agriculture, Ministry of Education, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- Key Laboratory for Crop System Analysis and Decision Making, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Information Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
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Chaiwong N, Rerkasem B, Pusadee T, Prom-U-Thai C. Silicon application improves caryopsis development and yield in rice. J Sci Food Agric 2021; 101:220-228. [PMID: 32627188 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.10634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2020] [Revised: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Caryopsis development consists of several processes in the production of grain yield in field crops. This study evaluated the effect of silicon (Si) on spikelet formation, spikelet fertility, and grain filling and its impact on grain yield in rice. RESULTS Applying Si increased grain yield by 44% in Chainat 1( CNT1) and by 23% in Pathumthani 1 (PTT1). With no Si application, CNT1 had fewer total spikelets, and the fertilized and filled spikelets responded more strongly to Si than PTT1 did. Grain yield in both genotypes increased with increasing number of spikelets and filled fertilized grains. There were close relationships between Si concentration in the shoots, flag leaf, and the husk, which were positively correlated with grain yield, the number of spikelets, and fertilized and filled grains. Applying Si fertilizer also increased the expression level of Lsi6 in both CNT1 and PTT1 by 202% and 144% respectively compared with the expression of plants with no Si supplied. CONCLUSION This study has shown how rice grain yield can be limited by Si deficiency through the spikelet formation, fertilization, and grain filling processes. Applying Si fertilizer could improve rice grain yield through increasing spikelet formation, fertilization, and grain filling, which is in parallel with Lsi6 gene expression. This information can be used for improving rice productivity by Si fertilization management. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nanthana Chaiwong
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Benjavan Rerkasem
- Plant Genetic Resource and Nutrition Laboratory, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Tonapha Pusadee
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Chanakan Prom-U-Thai
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Lanna Rice Research Center, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
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Jiang N, Yu P, Fu W, Li G, Feng B, Chen T, Li H, Tao L, Fu G. Acid invertase confers heat tolerance in rice plants by maintaining energy homoeostasis of spikelets. Plant Cell Environ 2020; 43:1273-1287. [PMID: 31994745 DOI: 10.1111/pce.13733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2019] [Revised: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Heat stress impairs both pollen germination and pollen tube elongation, resulting in pollination failure caused by energy imbalance. Invertase plays a critical role in the maintenance of energy homoeostasis; however, few studies investigated this during heat stress. Two rice cultivars with different heat tolerance, namely, TLY83 (heat tolerant) and LLY722 (heat susceptible), were subjected to heat stress. At anthesis, heat stress significantly decreased spikelet fertility, accompanied by notable reductions in pollen germination on stigma and pollen tube elongation in ovule, especially in LLY722. Acid invertase (INV), rather than sucrose synthase, contributed to sucrose metabolism, which explains the different tolerances of both cultivars. Under heat stress, larger enhancements in NAD(H), ATP, and antioxidant capacity were found in TLY83 compared with LLY722, whereas a sharp reduction in poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) activity was found in the former compared with the latter. Importantly, exogenous INV, 3-aminobenzamide (a PARP inhibitor), sucrose, glucose, and fructose significantly increased spikelet fertility under heat stress, where INV activity was enhanced and PARP activity was inhibited. Therefore, INV can balance the energy production and consumption to provide sufficient energy for pollen germination and pollen tube growth under heat stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Jiang
- National Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, China
| | - Pinghui Yu
- National Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, China
| | - Weimeng Fu
- National Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, China
| | - Guangyan Li
- National Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, China
| | - Baohua Feng
- National Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, China
| | - Tingting Chen
- National Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hubo Li
- National Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, China
| | - Longxing Tao
- National Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, China
| | - Guanfu Fu
- National Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, China
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Chiluwal A, Bheemanahalli R, Kanaganahalli V, Boyle D, Perumal R, Pokharel M, Oumarou H, Jagadish SVK. Deterioration of ovary plays a key role in heat stress-induced spikelet sterility in sorghum. Plant Cell Environ 2020; 43:448-462. [PMID: 31702833 DOI: 10.1111/pce.13673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2019] [Revised: 11/01/2019] [Accepted: 11/01/2019] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
In sorghum (Sorghum bicolor [L.] Moench), the impact of heat stress during flowering on seed set is known, but mechanisms that lead to tolerance are not known. A diverse set of sorghum genotypes was tested under controlled environment and field conditions to ascertain the impact of heat stress on time-of-day of flowering, pollen viability, and ovarian tissue. A highly conserved early morning flowering was observed, wherein >90% of spikelets completed flowering within 30 min after dawn, both in inbreds and hybrids. A strong quantitative impact of heat stress was recorded before pollination (reduced pollen viability) and post pollination (reduced pollen tube growth and linear decline in fertility). Although viable pollen tube did reach the micropylar region, 100% spikelet sterility was recorded under 40/22°C (day/night temperatures), even in the tolerant genotype Macia. Heat stress induced significant damage to the ovarian tissue near the micropylar region, leading to highly condensed cytoplasmic contents and disintegrated nucleolus and nucleus in the susceptible genotype RTx430. Whereas, relatively less damages to ovarian cell organelles were observed in the tolerant genotype Macia under heat stress. Integrating higher tolerance in female reproductive organ will help in effective utilization of the early morning flowering mechanism to enhance sorghum productivity under current and future hotter climate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anuj Chiluwal
- Department of Agronomy, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas, USA
| | | | | | - Dan Boyle
- Division of Biology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas, USA
| | - Ramasamy Perumal
- Agricultural Research Center, Kansas State University, Hays, Kansas, USA
| | - Meghnath Pokharel
- Department of Agronomy, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas, USA
| | - Halilou Oumarou
- Department of Agronomy, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas, USA
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Zwirek M, Waugh R, McKim SM. Interaction between row-type genes in barley controls meristem determinacy and reveals novel routes to improved grain. New Phytol 2019; 221:1950-1965. [PMID: 30339269 PMCID: PMC6492131 DOI: 10.1111/nph.15548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2018] [Accepted: 09/22/2018] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Hordeum species develop a central spikelet flanked by two lateral spikelets at each inflorescence node. In 'two-rowed' spikes, the central spikelet alone is fertile and sets grain, while in 'six-rowed' spikes, lateral spikelets can also produce grain. Induced loss-of-function alleles of any of five Six-rowed spike (VRS) genes (VRS1-5) cause complete to intermediate gains of lateral spikelet fertility. Current six-row cultivars contain natural defective vrs1 and vrs5 alleles. Little information is known about VRS mechanism(s). We used comparative developmental, expression and genetic analyses on single and double vrs mutants to learn more about how VRS genes control development and assess their agronomic potential. We show that all VRS genes repress fertility at carpel and awn emergence in developing lateral spikelets. VRS4, VRS3 and VRS5 work through VRS1 to suppress fertility, probably by inducing VRS1 expression. Pairing vrs3, vrs4 or vrs5 alleles increased lateral spikelet fertility, despite the presence of a functional VRS1 allele. The vrs3 allele caused loss of spikelet identity and determinacy, improved grain homogeneity and increased tillering in a vrs4 background, while with vrs5, decreased tiller number and increased grain weight. Interactions amongst VRS genes control spikelet infertility, determinacy and outgrowth, and novel routes to improving six-row grain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Zwirek
- Cell and Molecular SciencesThe James Hutton InstituteInvergowrieDundeeDD2 5DAUK
| | - Robbie Waugh
- Cell and Molecular SciencesThe James Hutton InstituteInvergowrieDundeeDD2 5DAUK
- Division of Plant SciencesUniversity of Dundee at The James Hutton InstituteInvergowrieDundeeDD2 5DAUK
| | - Sarah M. McKim
- Division of Plant SciencesUniversity of Dundee at The James Hutton InstituteInvergowrieDundeeDD2 5DAUK
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15
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Mu Q, Zhang W, Zhang Y, Yan H, Liu K, Matsui T, Tian X, Yang P. iTRAQ-Based Quantitative Proteomics Analysis on Rice Anther Responding to High Temperature. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:E1811. [PMID: 28832496 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18091811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2017] [Revised: 08/15/2017] [Accepted: 08/16/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
As one of the most important crops, rice provides the major food for more than half of the world population. However, its production is limited by many environmental factors, among which high temperature stress (HS) frequently occurs during anthesis and reduces its spikelet fertility. To explore the mechanism of HS tolerance in rice, we conducted a comparative proteomics analysis on the anthers between HS resistant and sensitive cultivars under different levels of high temperature. Under the same HS treatment, the resistant cultivar showed much higher spikelet fertility than the sensitive cultivar. Proteomic data showed that HS lead to the degradation of ribosomal proteins in the sensitive cultivar but not in the resistant one, which might result in the injury of protein biosynthetic machinery. In contrast, HS induced the increase of sHSP, β-expansins and lipid transfer proteins in the resistant cultivar, which might contribute to its ability to tolerate HS. The results provide some new insights into the mechanism of rice HS response.
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Zeng Y, Zhang Y, Xiang J, Uphoff NT, Pan X, Zhu D. Effects of Low Temperature Stress on Spikelet-Related Parameters during Anthesis in Indica-Japonica Hybrid Rice. Front Plant Sci 2017; 8:1350. [PMID: 28848568 PMCID: PMC5551076 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.01350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2017] [Accepted: 07/19/2017] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Poor spikelet fertility under low temperature (LT) stress during anthesis limits the possibility of high yield potential in indica-japonica hybrid rice, leading to reduced stability of grain yield. However, the cause for it is still unclear. In this study, three indica-japonica hybrid rice cultivars, Yongyou9, Yongyou17 (both cold sensitive), and Yongyou538, and one japonica inbred rice cultivar, Zhejing88 (cold tolerant), were grown under LT (17°C) and ambient temperature (AT) (25°C) during anthesis to test for their response with respect to spikelet fertility, pollen germination, and spikelet flowering. The results indicated that LT resulted in lower spikelet fertility in cold-sensitive cultivars than in cold-tolerant cultivars. Spikelet fertility was highly correlated with pollen germination on the stigma. The number of pollen grains and germinated pollen were higher in cold-tolerant cultivars than in cold-sensitive cultivars. Pollen fertility and pollen diameter were also higher in cold-tolerant cultivars, although the latter could achieve a high number of spikelets at anthesis in flowering patterns throughout the duration of LT stress. There were significant differences in anther width and volume between genotypes and treatments according to microscopic analyses, but no differences were observed in anther dehiscence. Moreover, variation in the number of pollen grains on stigmas and in spikelet fertility was not related to either the number of spikelets reaching anthesis or anther dehiscence. Overall, improved anther size, better pollen function, and higher spikelet fertility under LT stress were observed in cold-tolerant cultivars than in cold-sensitive cultivars. The results suggest that the increase in spikelet fertility is due to enhanced pollen germination rather than the number of spikelets reaching anthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanhua Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Genetic Breeding, Jiangxi Agricultural UniversityNanchang, China
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute (CAAS)Hangzhou, China
| | - Yuping Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute (CAAS)Hangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Defeng Zhu, Yuping Zhang,
| | - Jing Xiang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute (CAAS)Hangzhou, China
| | - Norman T. Uphoff
- Cornell Institute for Public Affairs (CIPA), System of Rice Intensification (SRI), Cornell International Institute for Food, Agriculture and Development (CIIFAD), Cornell University, IthacaNY, United States
| | - Xiaohua Pan
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Genetic Breeding, Jiangxi Agricultural UniversityNanchang, China
| | - Defeng Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute (CAAS)Hangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Defeng Zhu, Yuping Zhang,
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Kwon CT, Paek NC. Gibberellic Acid: A Key Phytohormone for Spikelet Fertility in Rice Grain Production. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:E794. [PMID: 27223278 PMCID: PMC4881610 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17050794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2016] [Revised: 05/14/2016] [Accepted: 05/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The phytohormone gibberellic acid (GA) has essential signaling functions in multiple processes during plant development. In the "Green Revolution", breeders developed high-yield rice cultivars that exhibited both semi-dwarfism and altered GA responses, thus improving grain production. Most studies of GA have concentrated on germination and cell elongation, but GA also has a pivotal role in floral organ development, particularly in stamen/anther formation. In rice, GA signaling plays an important role in spikelet fertility; however, the molecular genetic and biochemical mechanisms of GA in male fertility remain largely unknown. Here, we review recent progress in understanding the network of GA signaling and its connection with spikelet fertility, which is tightly associated with grain productivity in cereal crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Choon-Tak Kwon
- Department of Plant Science, Plant Genomics and Breeding Institute, and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-921, Korea.
| | - Nam-Chon Paek
- Department of Plant Science, Plant Genomics and Breeding Institute, and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-921, Korea.
- Crop Biotechnology Institute, GreenBio Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang 232-916, Korea.
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Fahad S, Hussain S, Saud S, Hassan S, Ihsan Z, Shah AN, Wu C, Yousaf M, Nasim W, Alharby H, Alghabari F, Huang J. Exogenously Applied Plant Growth Regulators Enhance the Morpho-Physiological Growth and Yield of Rice under High Temperature. Front Plant Sci 2016; 7:1250. [PMID: 27625658 PMCID: PMC5003834 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.01250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2016] [Accepted: 08/08/2016] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
A 2-year experiment was conducted to ascertain the effects of exogenously applied plant growth regulators (PGR) on rice growth and yield attributes under high day (HDT) and high night temperature (HNT). Two rice cultivars (IR-64 and Huanghuazhan) were subjected to temperature treatments in controlled growth chambers and four different combinations of ascorbic acid (Vc), alpha-tocopherol (Ve), brassinosteroids (Br), methyl jasmonates (MeJA), and triazoles (Tr) were applied. High temperature severely affected rice morphology, and also reduced leaf area, above-, and below-ground biomass, photosynthesis, and water use efficiency, while increased the leaf water potential of both rice cultivars. Grain yield and its related attributes except number of panicles, were reduced under high temperature. The HDT posed more negative effects on rice physiological attributes, while HNT was more detrimental for grain formation and yield. The Huanghuazhan performed better than IR-64 under high temperature stress with better growth and higher grain yield. Exogenous application of PGRs was helpful in alleviating the adverse effects of high temperature. Among PGR combinations, the Vc+Ve+MejA+Br was the most effective treatment for both cultivars under high temperature stress. The highest grain production by Vc+Ve+MejA+Br treated plants was due to enhanced photosynthesis, spikelet fertility and grain filling, which compensated the adversities of high temperature stress. Taken together, these results will be of worth for further understanding the adaptation and survival mechanisms of rice to high temperature and will assist in developing heat-resistant rice germplasm in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shah Fahad
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, MOA Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan, China
| | - Saddam Hussain
- College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan, China
| | - Shah Saud
- Department of Horticulture, Northeast Agricultural UniversityHarbin, China
| | - Shah Hassan
- Department of Agricultural Extension Education and Communication, The University of Agriculture, PeshawarPeshawar, Pakistan
| | - Zahid Ihsan
- Department of Arid Land Agriculture, Faculty of Meteorology, Environment and Arid Land Agriculture, King Abdul Aziz UniversityJeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Adnan N. Shah
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, MOA Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan, China
| | - Chao Wu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, MOA Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan, China
| | - Muhammad Yousaf
- College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan, China
| | - Wajid Nasim
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS Institute of Information TechnologyVehari, Pakistan
| | - Hesham Alharby
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, King Abdulaziz UniversityJeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fahad Alghabari
- Department of Arid Land Agriculture, Faculty of Meteorology, Environment and Arid Land Agriculture, King Abdul Aziz UniversityJeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jianliang Huang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, MOA Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan, China
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Grain Industry, Yangtze UniversityHubei, China
- *Correspondence: Jianliang Huang
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Kwon CT, Kim SH, Kim D, Paek NC. The Rice Floral Repressor Early flowering1 Affects Spikelet Fertility By Modulating Gibberellin Signaling. Rice (N Y) 2015; 8:58. [PMID: 26202549 PMCID: PMC4584262 DOI: 10.1186/s12284-015-0058-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2015] [Accepted: 07/13/2015] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gibberellic acid (GA; or gibberellin) affects the development of floral organs, especially anthers and pollen, and perturbation of development of male floral organs can cause sterility. Many studies of GA signaling have concentrated on anther development, but the effect of GA on grain production remains to be examined. RESULTS Using a cross of 'Milyang23 (M23)', which has a functional allele of Early flowering1 (EL1), and 'H143', which has a nonfunctional el1 allele, we generated heterogeneous inbred family-near isogenic lines (HNILs) that are homozygous for EL1 [HNIL(M23)] or el1 [HNIL(H143)]. Here, we found that HNIL(H143) exhibited anther deformities and low pollen viability. The expression of GAMYB, a major activator of GA signaling, and its downstream genes CYP703A3 and KAR, mainly involved in pollen formation, increased abnormally during spikelet development; this activation of GA signaling may cause the sterility. To confirm the negative effect of the el1 mutation on spikelet fertility, we examined a line carrying a T-DNA insertion el1 mutant [hereafter ZH11(el1)] and its parental cultivar 'Zhonghua11 (ZH11)'. ZH11(el1) showed nearly identical defects in anther development and pollen viability as HNIL(H143), leading to decreased seed setting rate. However, the elite japonica cultivar Koshihikari, which has a nonfunctional el1 allele for early flowering in long days, produces fertile spikelets and normal grain yields, like other elite japonica cultivars. This indicates that as-yet-unknown regulator(s) that can overcome the male sterile phenotype of the el1 mutation must have been introduced into Koshihikari. CONCLUSIONS The el1 mutation contributes to early flowering in japonica rice under long days but fails to limit GA signaling, thus negatively affecting spikelet fertility, which results in a loss of grain yield. Thus, EL1 is essential for photoperiod sensitivity in flowering as well as spikelet fertility in grain production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Choon-Tak Kwon
- />Department of Plant Science, Plant Genomics and Breeding Institute, and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 151-921 Republic of Korea
| | - Suk-Hwan Kim
- />Department of Plant Science, Plant Genomics and Breeding Institute, and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 151-921 Republic of Korea
| | - Dami Kim
- />Department of Plant Science, Plant Genomics and Breeding Institute, and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 151-921 Republic of Korea
| | - Nam-Chon Paek
- />Department of Plant Science, Plant Genomics and Breeding Institute, and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 151-921 Republic of Korea
- />Crop Biotechnology Institute, GreenBio Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang, 232-916 Republic of Korea
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20
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Prasad PVV, Djanaguiraman M, Perumal R, Ciampitti IA. Impact of high temperature stress on floret fertility and individual grain weight of grain sorghum: sensitive stages and thresholds for temperature and duration. Front Plant Sci 2015; 6:820. [PMID: 26500664 PMCID: PMC4594118 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2015.00820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2015] [Accepted: 09/18/2015] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] yield formation is severely affected by high temperature stress during reproductive stages. This study pursues to (i) identify the growth stage(s) most sensitive to high temperature stress during reproductive development, (ii) determine threshold temperature and duration of high temperature stress that decreases floret fertility and individual grain weight, and (iii) quantify impact of high daytime temperature during floret development, flowering and grain filling on reproductive traits and grain yield under field conditions. Periods between 10 and 5 d before anthesis; and between 5 d before- and 5 d after-anthesis were most sensitive to high temperatures causing maximum decreases in floret fertility. Mean daily temperatures >25°C quadratically decreased floret fertility (reaching 0% at 37°C) when imposed at the start of panicle emergence. Temperatures ranging from 25 to 37°C quadratically decreased individual grain weight when imposed at the start of grain filling. Both floret fertility and individual grain weights decreased quadratically with increasing duration (0-35 d or 49 d during floret development or grain filling stage, respectively) of high temperature stress. In field conditions, imposition of temperature stress (using heat tents) during floret development or grain filling stage also decreased floret fertility, individual grain weight, and grain weight per panicle.
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Affiliation(s)
- P. V. V. Prasad
- Department of Agronomy, Throckmorton Plant Science Center, Kansas State UniversityManhattan, KS, USA
| | | | | | - Ignacio A. Ciampitti
- Department of Agronomy, Throckmorton Plant Science Center, Kansas State UniversityManhattan, KS, USA
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21
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Jagadish SVK, Murty MVR, Quick WP. Rice responses to rising temperatures--challenges, perspectives and future directions. Plant Cell Environ 2015; 38:1686-98. [PMID: 25142172 DOI: 10.1111/pce.12430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2014] [Revised: 07/18/2014] [Accepted: 08/07/2014] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Phenotypic plasticity in overcoming heat stress-induced damage across hot tropical rice-growing regions is predominantly governed by relative humidity. Expression of transpiration cooling, an effective heat-avoiding mechanism, will diminish with the transition from fully flooded paddies to water-saving technologies, such as direct-seeded and aerobic rice cultivation, thus further aggravating stress damage. This change can potentially introduce greater sensitivity to previously unaffected developmental stages such as floral meristem (panicle) initiation and spikelet differentiation, and further intensify vulnerability at the known sensitive gametogenesis and flowering stages. More than the mean temperature rise, increased variability and a more rapid increase in nighttime temperature compared with the daytime maximum present a greater challenge. This review addresses (1) the importance of vapour pressure deficit under fully flooded paddies and increased vulnerability of rice production to heat stress or intermittent occurrence of combined heat and drought stress under emerging water-saving rice technologies; (2) the major disconnect with high night temperature response between field and controlled environments in terms of spikelet sterility; (3) highlights the most important mechanisms that affect key grain quality parameters, such as chalk formation under heat stress; and finally (4), we model and estimate heat stress-induced spikelet sterility taking South Asia as a case study.
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Affiliation(s)
- S V K Jagadish
- International Rice Research Institute, Metro Manila, DAPO BOX, 7777, Philippines
| | - M V R Murty
- International Rice Research Institute, Metro Manila, DAPO BOX, 7777, Philippines
| | - W P Quick
- International Rice Research Institute, Metro Manila, DAPO BOX, 7777, Philippines
- Animal and Plant Sciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S10 2TN, UK
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22
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Prasad PVV, Djanaguiraman M, Perumal R, Ciampitti IA. Impact of high temperature stress on floret fertility and individual grain weight of grain sorghum: sensitive stages and thresholds for temperature and duration. Front Plant Sci 2015; 41:1261-1269. [PMID: 26500664 DOI: 10.1071/fp14061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2014] [Accepted: 05/31/2014] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] yield formation is severely affected by high temperature stress during reproductive stages. This study pursues to (i) identify the growth stage(s) most sensitive to high temperature stress during reproductive development, (ii) determine threshold temperature and duration of high temperature stress that decreases floret fertility and individual grain weight, and (iii) quantify impact of high daytime temperature during floret development, flowering and grain filling on reproductive traits and grain yield under field conditions. Periods between 10 and 5 d before anthesis; and between 5 d before- and 5 d after-anthesis were most sensitive to high temperatures causing maximum decreases in floret fertility. Mean daily temperatures >25°C quadratically decreased floret fertility (reaching 0% at 37°C) when imposed at the start of panicle emergence. Temperatures ranging from 25 to 37°C quadratically decreased individual grain weight when imposed at the start of grain filling. Both floret fertility and individual grain weights decreased quadratically with increasing duration (0-35 d or 49 d during floret development or grain filling stage, respectively) of high temperature stress. In field conditions, imposition of temperature stress (using heat tents) during floret development or grain filling stage also decreased floret fertility, individual grain weight, and grain weight per panicle.
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Affiliation(s)
- P V V Prasad
- Department of Agronomy, Throckmorton Plant Science Center, Kansas State University Manhattan, KS, USA
| | | | | | - Ignacio A Ciampitti
- Department of Agronomy, Throckmorton Plant Science Center, Kansas State University Manhattan, KS, USA
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23
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Wei S, Hu W, Deng X, Zhang Y, Liu X, Zhao X, Luo Q, Jin Z, Li Y, Zhou S, Sun T, Wang L, Yang G, He G. A rice calcium-dependent protein kinase OsCPK9 positively regulates drought stress tolerance and spikelet fertility. BMC Plant Biol 2014; 14:133. [PMID: 24884869 PMCID: PMC4036088 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2229-14-133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2013] [Accepted: 05/12/2014] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In plants, calcium-dependent protein kinases (CDPKs) are involved in tolerance to abiotic stresses and in plant seed development. However, the functions of only a few rice CDPKs have been clarified. At present, it is unclear whether CDPKs also play a role in regulating spikelet fertility. RESULTS We cloned and characterized the rice CDPK gene, OsCPK9. OsCPK9 transcription was induced by abscisic acid (ABA), PEG6000, and NaCl treatments. The results of OsCPK9 overexpression (OsCPK9-OX) and OsCPK9 RNA interference (OsCPK9-RNAi) analyses revealed that OsCPK9 plays a positive role in drought stress tolerance and spikelet fertility. Physiological analyses revealed that OsCPK9 improves drought stress tolerance by enhancing stomatal closure and by improving the osmotic adjustment ability of the plant. It also improves pollen viability, thereby increasing spikelet fertility. In OsCPK9-OX plants, shoot and root elongation showed enhanced sensitivity to ABA, compared with that of wild-type. Overexpression and RNA interference of OsCPK9 affected the transcript levels of ABA- and stress-responsive genes. CONCLUSIONS Our results demonstrated that OsCPK9 is a positive regulator of abiotic stress tolerance, spikelet fertility, and ABA sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuya Wei
- The Genetic Engineering International Cooperation Base of Chinese Ministry of Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of Chinese Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Wei Hu
- The Genetic Engineering International Cooperation Base of Chinese Ministry of Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of Chinese Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
- Present address: Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China
| | - Xiaomin Deng
- The Genetic Engineering International Cooperation Base of Chinese Ministry of Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of Chinese Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
- Present address: Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China
| | - Yingying Zhang
- The Genetic Engineering International Cooperation Base of Chinese Ministry of Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of Chinese Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Xiaodong Liu
- The Genetic Engineering International Cooperation Base of Chinese Ministry of Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of Chinese Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Xudong Zhao
- The Genetic Engineering International Cooperation Base of Chinese Ministry of Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of Chinese Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Qingchen Luo
- The Genetic Engineering International Cooperation Base of Chinese Ministry of Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of Chinese Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Zhengyi Jin
- The Genetic Engineering International Cooperation Base of Chinese Ministry of Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of Chinese Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Yin Li
- The Genetic Engineering International Cooperation Base of Chinese Ministry of Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of Chinese Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Shiyi Zhou
- The Genetic Engineering International Cooperation Base of Chinese Ministry of Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of Chinese Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Tao Sun
- The Genetic Engineering International Cooperation Base of Chinese Ministry of Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of Chinese Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Lianzhe Wang
- The Genetic Engineering International Cooperation Base of Chinese Ministry of Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of Chinese Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Guangxiao Yang
- The Genetic Engineering International Cooperation Base of Chinese Ministry of Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of Chinese Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Guangyuan He
- The Genetic Engineering International Cooperation Base of Chinese Ministry of Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of Chinese Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
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24
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Poli Y, Basava RK, Panigrahy M, Vinukonda VP, Dokula NR, Voleti SR, Desiraju S, Neelamraju S. Characterization of a Nagina22 rice mutant for heat tolerance and mapping of yield traits. Rice (N Y) 2013; 6:36. [PMID: 0 PMCID: PMC4883711 DOI: 10.1186/1939-8433-6-36] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2013] [Accepted: 11/11/2013] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Heat is one of the major factors that considerably limit rice production. Nagina 22 (N22) is a deep-rooted, drought and heat tolerant aus rice cultivar. This study reports the characterization of a previously isolated dark green leaf mutant N22-H-dgl219 (NH219) which showed reduced accumulation of reactive oxygen species in leaf under 40°C heat conditions.The mutant was characterized for several traits in field under ambient (38°C) and heat stress (44°C) conditions by raising temperature artificially from flowering stage till maturity by covering plants with polythene sheets during dry season 2011. Yield traits were mapped in 70 F2 segregants of IR64 × NH219 and 36 F2 segregants of its reciprocal cross. RESULTS Leaf proteome analysis using two-dimensional gel electrophoresis from N22 and NH219 showed distinct constitutive expression of ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase large chain precursor (EC 4.1.1.39) in NH219 under ambient growth condition. Heat stress resulted in reduction of all 11 traits except plant height in both N22 and NH219. The extent of reduction was more in N22 than in NH219. Both pollen viability and spikelet fertility were not reduced significantly in N22 and NH219 but reduced by 20% in IR64. CONCLUSION NH219 is more tolerant to heat stress than wild type N22 as its percent yield reduction is lesser than N22. Single marker analysis showed significant association of RM1089 with number of tillers and yield per plant, RM423 with leaf senescence, RM584 with leaf width and RM229 with yield per plant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yugandhar Poli
- />Directorate of Rice Research, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad, 500030 India
| | | | - Madhusmita Panigrahy
- />Directorate of Rice Research, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad, 500030 India
- />Rai Technology University, Bangalore, India
| | | | | | | | | | - Sarla Neelamraju
- />Directorate of Rice Research, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad, 500030 India
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25
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Madan P, Jagadish SVK, Craufurd PQ, Fitzgerald M, Lafarge T, Wheeler TR. Effect of elevated CO2 and high temperature on seed-set and grain quality of rice. J Exp Bot 2012; 63:3843-52. [PMID: 22438302 PMCID: PMC3388820 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/ers077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2011] [Revised: 02/13/2012] [Accepted: 02/20/2012] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Hybrid vigour may help overcome the negative effects of climate change in rice. A popular rice hybrid (IR75217H), a heat-tolerant check (N22), and a mega-variety (IR64) were tested for tolerance of seed-set and grain quality to high-temperature stress at anthesis at ambient and elevated [CO(2)]. Under an ambient air temperature of 29 °C (tissue temperature 28.3 °C), elevated [CO(2)] increased vegetative and reproductive growth, including seed yield in all three genotypes. Seed-set was reduced by high temperature in all three genotypes, with the hybrid and IR64 equally affected and twice as sensitive as the tolerant cultivar N22. No interaction occurred between temperature and [CO(2)] for seed-set. The hybrid had significantly more anthesed spikelets at all temperatures than IR64 and at 29 °C this resulted in a large yield advantage. At 35 °C (tissue temperature 32.9 °C) the hybrid had a higher seed yield than IR64 due to the higher spikelet number, but at 38 °C (tissue temperature 34-35 °C) there was no yield advantage. Grain gel consistency in the hybrid and IR64 was reduced by high temperatures only at elevated [CO(2)], while the percentage of broken grains increased from 10% at 29 °C to 35% at 38 °C in the hybrid. It is concluded that seed-set of hybrids is susceptible to short episodes of high temperature during anthesis, but that at intermediate tissue temperatures of 32.9 °C higher spikelet number (yield potential) of the hybrid can compensate to some extent. If the heat tolerance from N22 or other tolerant donors could be transferred into hybrids, yield could be maintained under the higher temperatures predicted with climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- P. Madan
- Division of Plant Physiology, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110012, India
- Plant Environment Laboratory, University of Reading, Cutbush Lane, Shinfield, Reading RG2 9AF, UK
| | - S. V. K. Jagadish
- Plant Environment Laboratory, University of Reading, Cutbush Lane, Shinfield, Reading RG2 9AF, UK
- Plant Breeding, Genetics, and Biotechnology Division, International Rice Research Institute, DAPO Box 7777, Metro Manila, Philippines
| | - P. Q. Craufurd
- Plant Environment Laboratory, University of Reading, Cutbush Lane, Shinfield, Reading RG2 9AF, UK
- Resilient Dryland Systems, ICRISAT, Patancheru, AP 502324, India
| | - M. Fitzgerald
- Grain Quality, Nutrition, and Postharvest Center, International Rice Research Institute, DAPO Box 7777, Metro Manila, Philippines
| | - T. Lafarge
- Crop and Environmental Sciences Division, International Rice Research Institute, DAPO Box 7777, Metro Manila, Philippines
- CIRAD, UMR AGAP, F-34398, Montpellier, France
| | - T. R. Wheeler
- Plant Environment Laboratory, University of Reading, Cutbush Lane, Shinfield, Reading RG2 9AF, UK
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26
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Jagadish SVK, Muthurajan R, Oane R, Wheeler TR, Heuer S, Bennett J, Craufurd PQ. Physiological and proteomic approaches to address heat tolerance during anthesis in rice (Oryza sativa L.). J Exp Bot 2010; 61:143-56. [PMID: 19858118 PMCID: PMC2791117 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erp289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 221] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2009] [Revised: 08/28/2009] [Accepted: 09/04/2009] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Episodes of high temperature at anthesis, which in rice is the most sensitive stage to temperature, are expected to occur more frequently in future climates. The morphology of the reproductive organs and pollen number, and changes in anther protein expression, were studied in response to high temperature at anthesis in three rice (Oryza sativa L.) genotypes. Plants were exposed to 6 h of high (38 degrees C) and control (29 degrees C) temperature at anthesis and spikelets collected for morphological and proteomic analysis. Moroberekan was the most heat-sensitive genotype (18% spikelet fertility at 38 degrees C), while IR64 (48%) and N22 (71%) were moderately and highly heat tolerant, respectively. There were significant differences among the genotypes in anther length and width, apical and basal pore lengths, apical pore area, and stigma and pistil length. Temperature also affected some of these traits, increasing anther pore size and reducing stigma length. Nonetheless, variation in the number of pollen on the stigma could not be related to measured morphological traits. Variation in spikelet fertility was highly correlated (r=0.97, n=6) with the proportion of spikelets with > or = 20 germinated pollen grains on the stigma. A 2D-gel electrophoresis showed 46 protein spots changing in abundance, of which 13 differentially expressed protein spots were analysed by MS/MALDI-TOF. A cold and a heat shock protein were found significantly up-regulated in N22, and this may have contributed to the greater heat tolerance of N22. The role of differentially expressed proteins and morphology during anther dehiscence and pollination in shaping heat tolerance and susceptibility is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. V. K. Jagadish
- Plant Environment Laboratory, University of Reading, Cutbush Lane, Shinfield, Reading RG2 9AF, UK
- Plant Breeding, Genetics and Biochemistry Division, International Rice Research Institute, DAPO BOX 7777, Metro Manila, Philippines
| | - R. Muthurajan
- Plant Breeding, Genetics and Biochemistry Division, International Rice Research Institute, DAPO BOX 7777, Metro Manila, Philippines
| | - R. Oane
- Plant Breeding, Genetics and Biochemistry Division, International Rice Research Institute, DAPO BOX 7777, Metro Manila, Philippines
| | - T. R. Wheeler
- Plant Environment Laboratory, University of Reading, Cutbush Lane, Shinfield, Reading RG2 9AF, UK
| | - S Heuer
- Plant Breeding, Genetics and Biochemistry Division, International Rice Research Institute, DAPO BOX 7777, Metro Manila, Philippines
| | - J. Bennett
- Plant Breeding, Genetics and Biochemistry Division, International Rice Research Institute, DAPO BOX 7777, Metro Manila, Philippines
| | - P. Q. Craufurd
- Plant Environment Laboratory, University of Reading, Cutbush Lane, Shinfield, Reading RG2 9AF, UK
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