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Daif S, El Berbri I, Fassi Fihri O. First molecular evidence of potential Culicoides vectors implicated in bluetongue virus transmission in Morocco. Parasit Vectors 2024; 17:71. [PMID: 38374115 PMCID: PMC10877861 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-024-06167-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bluetongue is a non-contagious viral disease that affects both domestic and wild ruminants. It is transmitted primarily by small hematophagous Diptera belonging to the genus Culicoides (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae). The current study represents the first molecular investigation into the potential role of Culicoides imicola, Culicoides paolae, Culicoides newsteadi, Culicoides spp., and Culicoides circumscriptus as bluetongue virus (BTV) vectors in Morocco. Additionally, the study aimed to evaluate the vectorial activity of midges during the survey seasons. METHODS Parous females of these species were captured from several regions of Morocco (6 out of 12) from 2018 to 2021 using Onderstepoort Veterinary Institute (OVI) traps. A total of 2003 parous female specimens were grouped into 55 batches. The midge body of each batch was dissected into three regions (head, thorax, and abdomen), and these regions were analyzed separately using reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). RESULTS BTV RNA was detected in 45 out of the 55 batches tested, indicating a positivity rate of 81.8%. The RT-qPCR-positive pools of the studied Culicoides species exhibited high levels of BTV positivity in each body part (head, thorax, and abdomen), confirming the successful replication of the virus within midge bodies. The BTV circulation was substantial across all three survey seasons (spring, summer, and autumn). High infection rates, calculated using the minimum infection rate (MIR) and maximum likelihood estimation (MLE), were observed during the collection seasons, particularly in autumn and spring, and for all investigated Culicoides species, most notably for C. imicola and C. newsteadi. These increased infection rates underscore the significant risk of Culicoides transmitting the BTV in Morocco. CONCLUSIONS The detection of BTV positivity in Culicoides spp. (lacking wing spots that allow their differentiation according to morphological identification keys) suggested that other Culicoides species are competent for BTV transmission in Morocco. The study results indicated, for the first time at the molecular level, that C. imicola and C. newsteadi are the primary potential vectors of BTV in Morocco and that C. paolae and C. circumscriptus are strongly implicated in the propagation of bluetongue at the national level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soukaina Daif
- Microbiology, Immunology, and Infectious Diseases Unit, Department of Pathology and Veterinary Public Health, Institut Agronomique et Vétérinaire Hassan II, Rabat, Morocco.
| | - Ikhlass El Berbri
- Microbiology, Immunology, and Infectious Diseases Unit, Department of Pathology and Veterinary Public Health, Institut Agronomique et Vétérinaire Hassan II, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Ouafaa Fassi Fihri
- Microbiology, Immunology, and Infectious Diseases Unit, Department of Pathology and Veterinary Public Health, Institut Agronomique et Vétérinaire Hassan II, Rabat, Morocco
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Acevedo AM, Postic L, Curiel M, Gondard M, Bréard E, Zientara S, Vorimore F, Tran ML, Turpaud M, Savini G, Lorusso A, Marcacci M, Vitour D, Dujardin P, Perera CL, Díaz C, Obret Y, Sailleau C. Detection, Characterization and Sequencing of BTV Serotypes Circulating in Cuba in 2022. Viruses 2024; 16:164. [PMID: 38275974 PMCID: PMC10819738 DOI: 10.3390/v16010164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
In Cuba, despite a high sero-prevalence of bluetongue virus (BTV), circulating serotypes remain unknown. The aim of this study was to identify circulating BTV serotypes in farms throughout the western region of Cuba. Blood samples were collected from 200 young cattle and sheep between May and July 2022 for virological analyses (PCR, viral isolation and virus neutralization) and genome sequencing. The results confirmed viral circulation, with viro-prevalence of 25% for BTV. The virus was isolated from 18 blood samples and twelve BTV serotypes were identified by sequencing RT-PCR products targeting the segment 2 of the BTV genome (BTV-1, 2, 3, 6, 10, 12, 13, 17, 18, 19, 22 and 24). Finally, the full genome sequences of 17 Cuban BTV isolates were recovered using a Sequence Independent Single Primer Amplification (SISPA) approach combined to MinION Oxford Nanopore sequencing technology. All together, these results highlight the co-circulation of a wide diversity of BTV serotypes in a quite restricted area and emphasize the need for entomological and livestock surveillance, particularly in light of recent changes in the global distribution and nature of BTV infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana María Acevedo
- National Center for Animal and Plant Health (CENSA), Carretera de Tapaste y Autopista Nacional, Apartado Postal 10, San José de las Lajas, San José de las Lajas 32700, Cuba; (A.M.A.); (M.C.); (C.L.P.); (C.D.); (Y.O.)
| | - Lydie Postic
- ANSES/INRAE/ENVA-UPEC, UMR 1161 Virology, Laboratoire de santé animale, 14 rue Pierre et Marie Curie, 94700 Maisons Alfort, France; (L.P.); (M.G.); (E.B.); (S.Z.); (M.T.); (D.V.); (P.D.)
| | - Maray Curiel
- National Center for Animal and Plant Health (CENSA), Carretera de Tapaste y Autopista Nacional, Apartado Postal 10, San José de las Lajas, San José de las Lajas 32700, Cuba; (A.M.A.); (M.C.); (C.L.P.); (C.D.); (Y.O.)
| | - Mathilde Gondard
- ANSES/INRAE/ENVA-UPEC, UMR 1161 Virology, Laboratoire de santé animale, 14 rue Pierre et Marie Curie, 94700 Maisons Alfort, France; (L.P.); (M.G.); (E.B.); (S.Z.); (M.T.); (D.V.); (P.D.)
| | - Emmanuel Bréard
- ANSES/INRAE/ENVA-UPEC, UMR 1161 Virology, Laboratoire de santé animale, 14 rue Pierre et Marie Curie, 94700 Maisons Alfort, France; (L.P.); (M.G.); (E.B.); (S.Z.); (M.T.); (D.V.); (P.D.)
| | - Stéphan Zientara
- ANSES/INRAE/ENVA-UPEC, UMR 1161 Virology, Laboratoire de santé animale, 14 rue Pierre et Marie Curie, 94700 Maisons Alfort, France; (L.P.); (M.G.); (E.B.); (S.Z.); (M.T.); (D.V.); (P.D.)
| | - Fabien Vorimore
- Genomics Platform IdentyPath, Laboratory for Food Safety, ANSES, 94700 Maisons-Alfort, France; (F.V.); (M.-L.T.)
| | - Mai-Lan Tran
- Genomics Platform IdentyPath, Laboratory for Food Safety, ANSES, 94700 Maisons-Alfort, France; (F.V.); (M.-L.T.)
| | - Mathilde Turpaud
- ANSES/INRAE/ENVA-UPEC, UMR 1161 Virology, Laboratoire de santé animale, 14 rue Pierre et Marie Curie, 94700 Maisons Alfort, France; (L.P.); (M.G.); (E.B.); (S.Z.); (M.T.); (D.V.); (P.D.)
| | - Giovanni Savini
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell’Abruzzo e del Molise, 64100 Teramo, Italy; (G.S.); (A.L.); (M.M.)
| | - Alessio Lorusso
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell’Abruzzo e del Molise, 64100 Teramo, Italy; (G.S.); (A.L.); (M.M.)
| | - Maurilia Marcacci
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell’Abruzzo e del Molise, 64100 Teramo, Italy; (G.S.); (A.L.); (M.M.)
| | - Damien Vitour
- ANSES/INRAE/ENVA-UPEC, UMR 1161 Virology, Laboratoire de santé animale, 14 rue Pierre et Marie Curie, 94700 Maisons Alfort, France; (L.P.); (M.G.); (E.B.); (S.Z.); (M.T.); (D.V.); (P.D.)
| | - Pascal Dujardin
- ANSES/INRAE/ENVA-UPEC, UMR 1161 Virology, Laboratoire de santé animale, 14 rue Pierre et Marie Curie, 94700 Maisons Alfort, France; (L.P.); (M.G.); (E.B.); (S.Z.); (M.T.); (D.V.); (P.D.)
| | - Carmen Laura Perera
- National Center for Animal and Plant Health (CENSA), Carretera de Tapaste y Autopista Nacional, Apartado Postal 10, San José de las Lajas, San José de las Lajas 32700, Cuba; (A.M.A.); (M.C.); (C.L.P.); (C.D.); (Y.O.)
| | - Cristian Díaz
- National Center for Animal and Plant Health (CENSA), Carretera de Tapaste y Autopista Nacional, Apartado Postal 10, San José de las Lajas, San José de las Lajas 32700, Cuba; (A.M.A.); (M.C.); (C.L.P.); (C.D.); (Y.O.)
| | - Yalainne Obret
- National Center for Animal and Plant Health (CENSA), Carretera de Tapaste y Autopista Nacional, Apartado Postal 10, San José de las Lajas, San José de las Lajas 32700, Cuba; (A.M.A.); (M.C.); (C.L.P.); (C.D.); (Y.O.)
| | - Corinne Sailleau
- ANSES/INRAE/ENVA-UPEC, UMR 1161 Virology, Laboratoire de santé animale, 14 rue Pierre et Marie Curie, 94700 Maisons Alfort, France; (L.P.); (M.G.); (E.B.); (S.Z.); (M.T.); (D.V.); (P.D.)
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Li N, Meng J, He Y, Wang W, Wang J. Potential roles of Culicoides spp. (Culicoides imicola, Culicoides oxystoma) as biological vectors of bluetongue virus in Yuanyang of Yunnan, P. R. China. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2024; 13:1283216. [PMID: 38274733 PMCID: PMC10809989 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1283216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Culicoides plays a crucial role as an insect vector in the field of veterinary medicine. The transmission of significant viruses such as bluetongue virus (BTV) and African horse sickness virus (AHSV) by this insect poses a substantial threat, leading to the development of severe diseases in domestic animals. This study aimed to explore the Culicoides species, identify their blood-meal sources, and assess the presence of BTV and AHSV carried by Culicoides in Yuanyang County, Yunnan Province. The aim was to gain insights into the potential vectors of these two viruses and elucidate their potential roles in the transmission of pathogens. Methods The midges were collected from cattle (Bos indicus), pig (Sus scrofa), and goat (Capra hircus) pens in Yuanyang County, Yunnan Province in June 2020. Initial identification of midges was conducted through morphological characteristics, followed by molecular identification using the cytochrome C oxidase subunit I (COI) gene. The determination of Culicoides blood-meal sources was accomplished using specific primers targeting the cytochrome b (Cyt b) gene from potential hosts. BTV and AHSV RNA were identified in Culicoides pools through the application of reverse transcriptase PCR and quantitative real-time PCR. Nucleotide homology and phylogenetic analysis were performed using MegAlign (DNAStar) and Mega 6.0 software. Results A total of 6,300 Culicoides, consisting of C. oxystoma, C. arakawai, C. imicola, and C. innoxius, were collected from cattle, pigs, and goat pens. The engorgement rates for these species were 30.2%, 54.6%, 75%, and 66.7%, respectively. In the cattle pen, the prevailing species is C. oxystoma (100%). In the pig pen, C. arakawai dominates (70%), with C. oxystoma following at 30%. In the goat pen, C. imicola holds the majority (45.45%), trailed by C. oxystoma (25%), C. innoxius (20.45%), and C. arakawai (9.09%). These Culicoides species were identified as feeding on cattle, pigs, goats, chickens (Gallus gallus), and humans (Homo sapiens). The positivity rates for BTV were 20.00% and 11.54% in blood-fed specimens of C. imicola and C. oxystoma, respectively. Conversely, the positivity rates for BTV in non-blood-fed specimens were 0.00% and 6.67% for C. imicola and C. oxystoma, respectively. BTV was not detected in C. arakawai and C. innoxius. The specimens (YY86) from C. imicola that tested positive for BTV had the closest genetic relationship to YTS-4 isolated from Mangshi, Yunnan Province in 1996. All test results for the nucleic acid of AHSV were negative. Conclusion The study reveals variations in the species distribution, community composition, blood sucking rate, and blood-feeding sources of Culicoides across different habitats. Notably, C. imicola and C. oxystoma emerge as potential vectors for the transmission of BTV in local animals. Accordingly, this investigation provides crucial insights that can serve as a valuable reference for the prevention and control of BTV in local animals, particularly from the perspective of vector management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Li
- Yunnan Tropical and Subtropical Animal Viral Disease Laboratory, Yunnan Animal Science and Veterinary Institute, Kunming, China
| | - Jinxin Meng
- Yunnan Tropical and Subtropical Animal Viral Disease Laboratory, Yunnan Animal Science and Veterinary Institute, Kunming, China
| | - Yuwen He
- Yunnan Tropical and Subtropical Animal Viral Disease Laboratory, Yunnan Animal Science and Veterinary Institute, Kunming, China
| | - Wenhua Wang
- The Aquaculture Workstation of Yuanyang County Agriculture, Rural Affairs, and Science and Technology Bureau, Yuanyang, China
| | - Jinglin Wang
- Yunnan Tropical and Subtropical Animal Viral Disease Laboratory, Yunnan Animal Science and Veterinary Institute, Kunming, China
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Viadanna PHO, Grace SG, Logan TD, DeRuyter E, Loeb JC, Wilson KN, White ZS, Krauer JMC, Lednicky JA, Waltzek TB, Wisely SM, Subramaniam K. Characterization of two novel reassortant bluetongue virus serotype 1 strains isolated from farmed white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) in Florida, USA. Virus Genes 2023; 59:732-740. [PMID: 37439882 DOI: 10.1007/s11262-023-02019-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023]
Abstract
Hemorrhagic diseases caused by epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus or by bluetongue virus (BTV) are the most important orbivirus diseases affecting ruminants, including white-tailed deer (WTD). Bluetongue virus is of particular concern for farmed WTD in Florida, given its lethality and its wide distribution throughout the state. This study reports the clinical findings, ancillary diagnostics, and genomic characterization of two BTV serotype 1 strains isolated from two farmed WTD, from two different farms in Florida in 2019 and 2022. Phylogenetic and genetic analyses indicated that these two novel BTV-1 strains were reassortants. In addition, our analyses reveal that most genome segments of these strains were acquired from BTVs previously detected in ruminants in Florida, substantiating their endemism in the Southeastern U.S. Our findings underscore the need for additional research to determine the genetic diversity of BTV strains in Florida, their prevalence, and the potential risk of new BTV strains to WTD and other ruminants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro H O Viadanna
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, 32611, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Emerging Pathogens Institute, University of Florida, 32611, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Savannah G Grace
- Emerging Pathogens Institute, University of Florida, 32611, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Department of Wildlife Ecology and Conservation, University of Florida, 32611, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Tracey D Logan
- Emerging Pathogens Institute, University of Florida, 32611, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Department of Environmental and Global Health, College of Public Health and Health Professions, University of Florida, 32611, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Emily DeRuyter
- Emerging Pathogens Institute, University of Florida, 32611, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Department of Environmental and Global Health, College of Public Health and Health Professions, University of Florida, 32611, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Julia C Loeb
- Emerging Pathogens Institute, University of Florida, 32611, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Department of Environmental and Global Health, College of Public Health and Health Professions, University of Florida, 32611, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Kristen N Wilson
- Emerging Pathogens Institute, University of Florida, 32611, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Department of Wildlife Ecology and Conservation, University of Florida, 32611, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Zoe S White
- Emerging Pathogens Institute, University of Florida, 32611, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Department of Wildlife Ecology and Conservation, University of Florida, 32611, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Juan M C Krauer
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, 32611, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Washington Animal Disease Diagnostic Laboratory, Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, 99164, Pullman, WA, USA
| | - John A Lednicky
- Emerging Pathogens Institute, University of Florida, 32611, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Department of Environmental and Global Health, College of Public Health and Health Professions, University of Florida, 32611, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Thomas B Waltzek
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, 32611, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Emerging Pathogens Institute, University of Florida, 32611, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Washington Animal Disease Diagnostic Laboratory, Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, 99164, Pullman, WA, USA
| | - Samantha M Wisely
- Emerging Pathogens Institute, University of Florida, 32611, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Department of Wildlife Ecology and Conservation, University of Florida, 32611, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Kuttichantran Subramaniam
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, 32611, Gainesville, FL, USA.
- Emerging Pathogens Institute, University of Florida, 32611, Gainesville, FL, USA.
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Kar S, Mondal B, Pal A, Mazumdar A. Molecular identification of Culicoides oxystoma and Culicoides actoni vectors of bluetongue virus. Med Vet Entomol 2023; 37:534-541. [PMID: 37000487 DOI: 10.1111/mve.12651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Bluetongue is a non-contagious viral disease causing significant economic losses throughout the world. The bluetongue vectors Culicoides oxystoma and Culicoides actoni, which play a significant role in the transmission of various pathogens, are distributed across different geographical realms. Adults are minute in size with wide phenotypic variation, so morphology-based species identification is severely constrained by preparatory time and shortage of taxonomic expertise. To make the identification process rapid and effective, a specific primer was designed for the identification of C. actoni based on the multiple sequence alignment of ITS1 sequences of 11 Culicoides species. Along with this, a refined version of existing C. oxystoma specific primer was proposed. The primer sets distinguished C. oxystoma and C. actoni from a pooled sample consisting of other Culicoides species as well as closely related genera such as Forcipomyia and Alluaudomyia. Our findings suggest that the primers were species specific, sensitive and have potential to discriminate vector species C. oxystoma and C. actoni from pooled samples. To the best of our knowledge, these are the first ITS1 sequences generated and submitted in GenBank for Culicoides innoxius, Culicoides shortti, Culicoides palpifer and Culicoides anophelis and the first for Culicoides peregrinus, Culicoides fulvus and C. actoni from India.
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Affiliation(s)
- Surajit Kar
- Entomology Research Unit, Department of Zoology, The University of Burdwan, Burdwan, 713104, West Bengal, India
| | - Biswajit Mondal
- Entomology Research Unit, Department of Zoology, The University of Burdwan, Burdwan, 713104, West Bengal, India
| | - Arjun Pal
- Entomology Research Unit, Department of Zoology, The University of Burdwan, Burdwan, 713104, West Bengal, India
| | - Abhijit Mazumdar
- Entomology Research Unit, Department of Zoology, The University of Burdwan, Burdwan, 713104, West Bengal, India
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Groschupp S, Kampen H, Werner D. Occurrence of putative Culicoides biting midge vectors (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) inside and outside barns in Germany and factors influencing their activity. Parasit Vectors 2023; 16:307. [PMID: 37653421 PMCID: PMC10472570 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-023-05920-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND After several years without bluetongue disease, a ruminant illness caused by Culicoides-borne bluetongue virus (BTV), two new autochthonous cases were reported in 2018 in Germany. By contrast, Schmallenberg virus (SBV), another Culicoides-borne virus pathogenic to ruminants, has continuously circulated in Germany since its first emergence in 2011. The disease outbreaks have triggered numerous studies on the biology of the Culicoides vectors, but many ecological details are still obscure. METHODS Culicoides biting midge species were collected with UV-light traps on 10 farms in Germany, with one trap inside and one trap outside barns on each of the farms. Traps were run once a week for 24 h from January to December 2019. Collected biting midges were morphologically identified, counted and statistically evaluated, with a focus on the Obsoletus Group and the Pulicaris Complex of the ceratopogonid genus Culicoides, which are believed to contain the major virus vectors. Temperature and relative humidity recorded at each trap were linked to the quantity of caught Culicoides. Correlations between relative Culicoides abundance and presence of livestock or type of husbandry were also investigated. RESULTS A total of 38,886 Culicoides biting midges were trapped, with most of them belonging to the Obsoletus Group (51.0%) and the Pulicaris Complex (38.8%). The majority of captured specimens were collected in traps inside the barns. Obsoletus Group individuals were caught from late January to the last week of December while Pulicaris Complex individuals were captured from the end of March to early December. The lowest average temperatures at which members of the two groups were collected were 10.7 °C and 12.8 °C, respectively. While temperature had a statistically significant effect on the activity of both the Obsoletus Group and the Pulicaris Complex, relative humidity only significantly affected the activity of the latter. The presence of livestock significantly influenced the number of captured Obsoletus Group, but not of Pulicaris Complex specimens. Inside the barns, no statistical difference was found between numbers of caught Obsoletus Group and Pulicaris Complex specimens in livestock holdings with deep litter and manure scraper or slatted floor husbandry systems. CONCLUSIONS The almost year-round presence of Obsoletus Group biting midges and the demonstrated high relative abundance of other potential Culicoides vector species inside barns suggest a high risk of indoor virus transmission to ruminants should BTV or SBV circulate locally. Appropriate structural, organisational and vector control measures to reduce biting midge exposure should be implemented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Groschupp
- Research Area 2 “Landscape Use and Governance”, Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF), Eberswalder Straße 84, 15374 Müncheberg, Germany
| | - Helge Kampen
- Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut–Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Südufer 10, 17493 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Doreen Werner
- Research Area 2 “Landscape Use and Governance”, Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF), Eberswalder Straße 84, 15374 Müncheberg, Germany
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Lawson BE, McDermott EG. Topical, contact, and oral susceptibility of adult Culicoides biting midges (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) to fluralaner. Parasit Vectors 2023; 16:281. [PMID: 37580834 PMCID: PMC10426106 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-023-05899-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Culicoides biting midges (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) are economically important blood-feeding pests closely associated with livestock production. They are the principal vectors of two hemorrhagic disease viruses affecting both wild and domestic ruminants within the US: bluetongue virus (BTV) and epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus (EHDV). BTV impacts the US agriculture sector through direct commodity loss and strict international livestock trade restrictions. Yet, despite posing a considerable threat to US livestock, Culicoides are understudied, and management strategies are lacking. Current control tools for Culicoides are limited to synthetic chemicals, predominantly pyrethroids. With limited products available for livestock producers, proper pesticide rotation is difficult. The present study investigates the efficacy of fluralaner, an isoxazoline insecticide, beyond its current labeled use as an ectoparasiticide in anticipation of adding a new class of pesticides into rotation for use against biting midges. METHODS The efficacy of fluralaner was evaluated by conducting contact, topical, and oral toxicity bioassays on adult female Culicoides sonorensis. Contact toxicity was assessed by using a modified WHO cone assay, which simulates exposure through landing on an insecticide-treated surface. A modified WHO topical toxicity assay, in which fluralaner dilutions were administered to the lateral thorax, was used to assess topical toxicity. For evaluation of oral toxicity, females were offered a blood meal spiked with fluralaner in an artificial membrane feeding system to simulate a systemic insecticide. RESULTS Contact exposure of fluralaner did not cause extensive or consistent mortality. Even the highest concentration tested (100 mg/ml) resulted in an average of only 24.3% mortality at 24 h, and mortality did not significantly differ between exposed and control midges at any concentration. One hundred percent mortality was consistently achieved at concentrations of 1 mg/ml when fluralaner was applied topically. The LC50 for topical exposure to fluralaner at 24 h was estimated to be 0.011 mg/ml. Oral exposure to fluralaner through ingestion of a spiked blood meal proved to be the most effective exposure method, significantly increasing mortality in a dose-dependent manner at 1 h post-exposure. The LC50 at 24 h following ingestion was 14.42 ng/ml. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that fluralaner is a viable candidate for use as an insecticide against adult biting midges if exposed orally, such as in a systemic given to livestock. As withdrawal period requirements for meat animals present unique yet definitive challenges, pharmacokinetic studies of isoxazoline drugs need to be pursued and finalized for livestock before fluralaner may be used as a management strategy in this manner. Alternatively, livestock not raised for consumption, such as hair sheep, would directly benefit from administering oral fluralaner as a component of a BTV disease management program.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blythe E Lawson
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, 72701, USA.
| | - Emily G McDermott
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, 72701, USA
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Ledda S, Foxi C, Puggioni G, Bechere R, Rocchigiani AM, Scivoli R, Coradduzza E, Cau S, Vento L, Satta G. Experimental infection of Aedes (Stegomyia) albopictus and Culex pipiens mosquitoes with Bluetongue virus. Med Vet Entomol 2023; 37:105-110. [PMID: 36193883 DOI: 10.1111/mve.12613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Bluetongue disease (BT), caused by Bluetongue virus (BTV), infects wild and domestic ruminants, causing severe economic damage in the cattle and sheep industry. Proven vectors of BTV are biting midges belonging to the Culicoides genus, but other arthropods are considered potential vectors, such as ticks, mosquitoes, wingless flies, and sand flies. The present study represents the first attempt to evaluate the vectorial capacity of Culex pipiens and Aedes albopictus for BTV. Mosquitoes were artificially fed with blood containing BTV serotype 1. Infection, dissemination and transmission rates were evaluated at 0, 3, 7, 14 and 21 days after an infected blood meal. Viral RNA was only detected up to 3 days post infection in the bodies of both species. This study indicates that the two Italian populations of Cx. pipiens and Ae. albopictus are not susceptible to BTV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salvatore Ledda
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sardegna, Sassari, Italy
| | - Cipriano Foxi
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sardegna, Sassari, Italy
- Mediterranean Center for Disease Control, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | | | - Roberto Bechere
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sardegna, Sassari, Italy
| | | | - Rosario Scivoli
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sardegna, Sassari, Italy
| | | | - Simona Cau
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sardegna, Sassari, Italy
| | - Luigi Vento
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sardegna, Sassari, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Satta
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sardegna, Sassari, Italy
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Kar S, Mondal B, Pal A, Harsha R, Mazumdar A. Blood meal analysis of Culicoides species associated with livestock in West Bengal, India. Med Vet Entomol 2022; 36:503-510. [PMID: 35599276 DOI: 10.1111/mve.12588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Knowledge gaps exist on the feeding pattern and host range of bluetongue virus vectors, Culicoides species, associated with livestock in India. Adult midges were trapped with ultraviolet light traps at 13 household farms adjacent to human biotope. Host DNA was isolated from individual females (n = 101; blood engorged-82, gravid-4 and parous-15) and subjected to PCR amplification targeting CytB and 16S rRNA gene fragments followed by sequencing of amplified DNA samples. However, DNA sequences from only 71 individuals (70.3%) comprising of 10 Culicoides species were obtained. Blood meal analysis revealed at least 10 species that fed on five mammalian hosts including humans, but surprisingly none tested positive for birds. Results revealed that Culicoides innoxius tested positive for four not previously recognized species indicating a potential role as a vector species. Likewise, Culicoides shortti and Culicoides hegneri preferred goat and cattle respectively as hosts, whereas Culicoides palpifer preferred cattle along with buffalo as hosts, which is being reported for the first time. This is the first document on DNA-based blood meal identification and feeding preference of Culicoides midges associated with livestock in India.
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Affiliation(s)
- Surajit Kar
- Entomology Research Unit, Department of Zoology, The University of Burdwan, Burdwan, West Bengal, India
| | - Biswajit Mondal
- Entomology Research Unit, Department of Zoology, The University of Burdwan, Burdwan, West Bengal, India
| | - Arjun Pal
- Entomology Research Unit, Department of Zoology, The University of Burdwan, Burdwan, West Bengal, India
| | - Rupa Harsha
- Department of Zoology, Balurghat College, Balurghat, West Bengal, India
| | - Abhijit Mazumdar
- Entomology Research Unit, Department of Zoology, The University of Burdwan, Burdwan, West Bengal, India
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Matthews ML, Covey HO, Drolet BS, Brelsfoard CL. Wolbachia wAlbB inhibits bluetongue and epizootic hemorrhagic fever viruses in Culicoides midge cells. Med Vet Entomol 2022; 36:320-328. [PMID: 35266572 PMCID: PMC9540819 DOI: 10.1111/mve.12569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Revised: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Culicoides midges are hematophagous insects that transmit arboviruses of veterinary importance. These viruses include bluetongue virus (BTV) and epizootic hemorrhagic fever virus (EHDV). The endosymbiont Wolbachia pipientis Hertig spreads rapidly through insect host populations and has been demonstrated to inhibit viral pathogen transmission in multiple mosquito vectors. Here, we have demonstrated a replication inhibitory effect on BTV and EHDV in a Wolbachia (wAlbB strain)-infected Culicoides sonorensis Wirth and Jones W8 cell line. Viral replication was significantly reduced by day 5 for BTV and by day 2 for EHDV as detected by real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) of the non-structural NS3 gene of both viruses. Evaluation of innate cellular immune responses as a cause of the inhibitory effect showed responses associated with BTV but not with EHDV infection. Wolbachia density also did not play a role in the observed pathogen inhibitory effects, and an alternative hypothesis is suggested. Applications of Wolbachia-mediated pathogen interference to impact disease transmission by Culicoides midges are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan L. Matthews
- Department of Biological SciencesTexas Tech UniversityLubbockTexasUSA
| | - Hunter O. Covey
- Department of Biological SciencesTexas Tech UniversityLubbockTexasUSA
| | - Barbara S. Drolet
- Arthropod‐Borne Animal Diseases Research Unit, USDA‐ARSManhattanKansasUSA
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11
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Kar S, Mondal B, Ghosh J, Mazumdar SM, Mazumdar A. Host preference of bluetongue virus vectors, Culicoides species associated with livestock in West Bengal, India: Potential relevance on bluetongue epidemiology. Acta Trop 2022; 235:106648. [PMID: 35961406 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2022.106648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Revised: 08/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Determination of host choice of Culicoides species (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae), the vectors of bluetongue virus (BTV), is pivotal to ascertain the role of each species in the transmission of pathogens, pest management and enumeration of disease prediction models. Host preference of livestock associated Culicoides midges was investigated in West Bengal, India with four replicates of a 3 × 3 Latin square design during August and September 2021. Adult Culicoides were mouth aspirated from three BTV hosts viz., cattle, sheep and goats. Mouth aspirating was validated by the sweep net collections. The host-baited collections recorded seven Culicoides species; with the highest landing rate on cattle (n = 5,667; 92.9%) followed by sheep (n = 365; 6.0%) and goat (n = 67; 1.1%). Based on the Jacob's selectivity index, all midge species, except for Culicoides fulvus Sen & Das Gupta, encountered, preferred cattle over other mammalian hosts. Culicoides oxystoma Kieffer, the subgenus Trithecoides Wirth & Hubert and Culicoides actoni Smith, predominated on the ventral region (belly/flank) of the cattle. However, Culicoides peregrinus Kieffer and C. actoni were observed to be prevalent in the leg region of sheep. A significantly higher percentage of female (99.9%) with only 0.3% of male were trapped in aspiration based animal baited collections. On the other hand sweep net and light trap catch comprises of 50.7%, 89.7% female and 49.2%, 10.2% male respectively. Surprisingly, DNA based blood meal analysis revealed human blood from the midges trapped in UV-LED light traps. Supplying the first evidence that Culicoides similis Carter, Ingram & Macfie, C. fulvus and Culicoides palpifer Das Gupta & Ghosh, feed on humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Surajit Kar
- Entomology Research Unit, Department of Zoology, The University of Burdwan, Burdwan, West Bengal 713104, India
| | - Biswajit Mondal
- Entomology Research Unit, Department of Zoology, The University of Burdwan, Burdwan, West Bengal 713104, India
| | - Joydeep Ghosh
- Tata Consultancy Services, Ecospace 2A, AA II, Newtown, West Bengal 700135, India
| | | | - Abhijit Mazumdar
- Entomology Research Unit, Department of Zoology, The University of Burdwan, Burdwan, West Bengal 713104, India.
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Povolyaeva OS, Chadaeva AA, Lunitsin AV, Yurkov SG. [Dwarf bat's (Pipistrellus pipistrellus) lung diploid cell strains and their permissivity to orbiviruses (Reoviridae: Orbivirus) - pathogens of vector-borne animal diseases]. Vopr Virusol 2022; 67:227-236. [PMID: 35831965 DOI: 10.36233/0507-4088-114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Bat cell cultures are a popular model both for the isolation of vector-borne disease viruses and for assessing the possible role of these mammalian species in forming the natural reservoirs of arbovirus infection vectors. The goal of the research was to obtain and characterize strains of diploid lung cells of the bat (Pipistrellus pipistrellus) and evaluate their permissivity to bluetongue, African horse sickness (AHS), and epizootic hemorrhagic disease of deer (EHD) viruses. MATERIALS AND METHODS Cell cultures of the dwarf bat's lung were obtained by standard enzymatic disaggregation of donor tissue and selection of cells for adhesive properties. The permissivity of cell cultures was determined to bluetongue, AHL, and EHD orbiviruses. RESULTS Diploid cell strains (epithelium-like and fibroblast-like types) retaining cytomorphological characteristics and karyotype stability were obtained from tissue of the bat's lung. Their permissivity to viruses of the genus Orbivirus of the Reoviridae family, pathogens of transmissible animal diseases, has been established. DISCUSSION The permissivity of the obtained strains of bat's lung cells to bluetongue, AHL, and EHD viruses is consistent with the isolation of orbiviruses in bats of the species Pteropus poliocephalus, Pteropus hypomelanus, Rousettus aegyptiacus leachii, Syconycteris crassa, Myotis macrodactylus, and Eidolon helvum. CONCLUSION Strains of diploid lung cells of the dwarf bat are permissive to orbiviruses of bluetongue, AHS, and EHD, which allows us to recommend them for the isolation of these viruses, and the species Pipistrellus pipistrellus to be considered as a potential natural reservoir and carrier of pathogens of these vector-borne diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - A A Chadaeva
- Federal Research Center for Virology and Microbiology
| | - A V Lunitsin
- Federal Research Center for Virology and Microbiology
| | - S G Yurkov
- Federal Research Center for Virology and Microbiology
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Ayala MM, Díaz F, Micieli MV, Spinelli GR, Ronderos MM. Rapid and Efficient Detection by PCR of Culicoides insignis (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae), the Main Vector of Bluetongue Virus (BTV) in the Neotropical Region. J Med Entomol 2022; 59:1211-1216. [PMID: 35674704 DOI: 10.1093/jme/tjac065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Bluetongue virus (BTV) causes a viral, non-contagious disease that mainly affects sheep, cattle, and wild and farmed ruminants causing damage to these animals and significant economic losses. Culicoides insignis Lutz, the major BTV vector in South America, is one of the most abundant species in Argentina and commonly associated with cattle farms. The morphological identification of Culicoides spp. is routinely carried out with the aid of morphological keys, which mainly refer to the wing patterns, sensillae of palpi, and antennal flagella. Molecular tools applied to taxonomy provide a rapid and efficient method of identification of vector species. An easy protocol for the extraction of total DNA from single midges is herein described, and a forward primer for rapid and reliably test detection by polymerase chain reaction of C. insignis is developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahia Mariel Ayala
- Centro de Estudios Parasitológicos y de Vectores (CEPAVE) CONICET-UNLP, Boulevard 120 S/N entre Avda 60 y calle 64, (1900) La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Florentina Díaz
- Centro de Estudios Parasitológicos y de Vectores (CEPAVE) CONICET-UNLP, Boulevard 120 S/N entre Avda 60 y calle 64, (1900) La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María Victoria Micieli
- Centro de Estudios Parasitológicos y de Vectores (CEPAVE) CONICET-UNLP, Boulevard 120 S/N entre Avda 60 y calle 64, (1900) La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Gustavo Ricardo Spinelli
- Instituto de Limnología "Dr. Raúl A. Ringuelet" (ILPLA) CONICET-UNLP Boulevard 120 y 62, Número 1437, (1900) La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María Marcela Ronderos
- Centro de Estudios Parasitológicos y de Vectores (CEPAVE) CONICET-UNLP, Boulevard 120 S/N entre Avda 60 y calle 64, (1900) La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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14
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Duchemin JB, White JR, Di Rubbo A, Shi S, Venter GJ, Holmes I, Walker PJ. Experimental bluetongue virus infection of Culicoides austropalpalis, collected from a farm environment in Victoria, Australia. Vet Ital 2021; 57:341-345. [PMID: 35593492 DOI: 10.12834/vetit.2114.12867.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Following the emerging bluetongue virus transmission in European temperate regions, we question the vector competence of the abundant Culicoides austropalpalis Lee and Reye in South-East temperate Australia. Field collected Culicoides midges were membrane fed with a bluetongue virus serotype 1 (BTV-1). The average feeding rate was 50%. After 13 days, survival rate was 25% and virus RNA presence was checked by quantitative PCR targeting viral genome segment 10. Virus RNA was found in 7.4% of individually tested females with relative viral RNA load values lower than freshly fed females, indicating that viral replication was low or null. A second qPCR targeting viral genome segment 1 confirmed the presence of virus RNA in only four out of 29 previously positive specimens. After 10 days culture on Culicoides cells, none of these four confimed positive samples did show subsequent cytopathogenic effect on Vero cells or BTV antigen detection by ELISA. As control for this virus activity detection, 12 days after microinjection of BTV-1, Culex annulirostris mosquitoes showed, after culture on Kc cells, cytopathogenic effect on Vero cells, with ELISA-confirmed infection. Despite its abundance in farm environment of the temperate Australian regions, the results of this study make C. austropalpalis of unlikely epidemiological importance in the transmission of BTV in Australia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Bernard Duchemin
- Health and Biosecurity, CSIRO, Australia2) Medical Entomology Lab, Institut Pasteur of French Guiana, 23 avenue Pasteur, 97300 Cayenne, French Guiana.
| | - John R White
- Australian Animal Health Laboratory, CSIRO, Private Bag 24, Geelong, VIC 3220, Australia.
| | - Antonio Di Rubbo
- Australian Animal Health Laboratory, CSIRO, Private Bag 24, Geelong, VIC 3220, Australia.
| | - Shunin Shi
- Australian Animal Health Laboratory, CSIRO, Private Bag 24, Geelong, VIC 3220, Australia.
| | - Gert Johannes Venter
- 1) Agricultural Research Council - Onderstepoort Veterinary Institute, Private Bag X05, Onderstepoort 0110, South Africa2)Department of Veterinary and Tropical Diseases, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X04, Onderstepoort 0110, South Africa.
| | - Ian Holmes
- District Veterinary Officer, Benalla, VIC, Australia.
| | - Peter J Walker
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, 4072, QLD, Australia.
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Fujisawa Y, Homat T, Thepparat A, Changbunjong T, Sutummaporn K, Kornmatitsuk S, Kornmatitsuk B. DNA barcode identification and molecular detection of bluetongue virus in Culicoides biting midges (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) from western Thailand. Acta Trop 2021; 224:106147. [PMID: 34562422 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2021.106147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Revised: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Biting midges of the genus Culicoides Latreille are biological vectors of bluetongue virus (BTV), a member of family Reoviridae, genus Orbivirus. About 30 species of Culicoides have been identified as competent BTV vectors worldwide. Even though high seroprevalence of BTV has been reported among livestock ruminants from western Thailand, the Culicoides species which contribute to BTV transmission remain unclear. In the present study, Culicoides were collected from eight sampling sites, located in two BTV prevalent provinces in western Thailand. Adult Culicoides were identified using wing morphology and cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) mtDNA molecular marker. A total of 9,677 Culicoides specimens belonging to 7 subgenera, 3 species groups, and 23 species were identified. After comparing sequencing results with available data from GenBank, COI sequences of five species were reported for the first time from Thailand. The most abundant potential BTV vector species collected were C. peregrinus, followed by C. orientalis, C. imicola, C. oxystoma, and C. fulvus. Out of 72 Culicoides pools, 9 pools (4 from C. orientalis, 2 from C. imicola, 2 from C. oxystoma, and 1 from C. fulvus) were positive by BTV RT-PCR analyses. These results are new to Culicoides BTV vector knowledge in Thailand and will contribute to further BTV studies in this particular region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Fujisawa
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Mahidol University, Salaya, Phutthamonthon, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand
| | - Thanyaporn Homat
- Livestock and Wildlife Hospital, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Mahidol University, Lum Sum, Sai Yok, Kanchanaburi 71150, Thailand
| | - Arunrat Thepparat
- Department of Agricultural Technology, Faculty of Science, Ramkhamhaeng University, Hua Mak, Bang Kapi, Bangkok 10240, Thailand
| | - Tanasak Changbunjong
- Department of Pre-clinic and Applied Animal Science, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Mahidol University, Salaya, Phutthamonthon, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand
| | - Kripitch Sutummaporn
- Department of Pre-clinic and Applied Animal Science, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Mahidol University, Salaya, Phutthamonthon, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand
| | - Sudsaijai Kornmatitsuk
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Mahidol University, Salaya, Phutthamonthon, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand
| | - Bunlue Kornmatitsuk
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Mahidol University, Salaya, Phutthamonthon, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand.
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16
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Gao X, Wang L, Liu T, Xiao J, Wang H. Effect of agro-ecological landscape on the distribution of Culicoides obsoletus in northeast China. Pest Manag Sci 2021; 77:693-696. [PMID: 32841531 DOI: 10.1002/ps.6062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Revised: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Culicoides obsoletus is an important pest for animal husbandry. In the world, it is a major vector of bluetongue disease, which has been added to the list of Class A Animal Diseases by the World Organization for Animal Health (OIE) and must be reported in the event of an outbreak. Although numerous studies on Culicoides sampling in farms exist, the distribution of C. obsoletus in different landscapes remains unclear. RESULTS This study aimed to assess the effect of landscape type on the distribution of C. obsoletus. Samples were collected using light traps during spring and fall. The effect of landscape type on the distribution of C. obsoletus samples was measured by the maximum entropy model (MaxEnt). Results show that C. obsoletus mainly appears in forests and pastures. CONCLUSION Our results may provide references for controlling the C. obsoletus population and provide suggestions of other areas that may also face the challenge of bluetongue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Gao
- Department of Veterinary Surgery, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Long Wang
- Department of Veterinary Surgery, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Tao Liu
- Department of Veterinary Surgery, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Jianhua Xiao
- Department of Veterinary Surgery, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Hongbin Wang
- Department of Veterinary Surgery, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
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17
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Rydevik G, Innocent GT, Marion G, Davidson RS, White PCL, Billinis C, Barrow P, Mertens PPC, Gavier-Widén D, Hutchings MR. Using Combined Diagnostic Test Results to Hindcast Trends of Infection from Cross-Sectional Data. PLoS Comput Biol 2016; 12:e1004901. [PMID: 27384712 PMCID: PMC4934910 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1004901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2015] [Accepted: 04/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Infectious disease surveillance is key to limiting the consequences from infectious pathogens and maintaining animal and public health. Following the detection of a disease outbreak, a response in proportion to the severity of the outbreak is required. It is thus critical to obtain accurate information concerning the origin of the outbreak and its forward trajectory. However, there is often a lack of situational awareness that may lead to over- or under-reaction. There is a widening range of tests available for detecting pathogens, with typically different temporal characteristics, e.g. in terms of when peak test response occurs relative to time of exposure. We have developed a statistical framework that combines response level data from multiple diagnostic tests and is able to 'hindcast' (infer the historical trend of) an infectious disease epidemic. Assuming diagnostic test data from a cross-sectional sample of individuals infected with a pathogen during an outbreak, we use a Bayesian Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) approach to estimate time of exposure, and the overall epidemic trend in the population prior to the time of sampling. We evaluate the performance of this statistical framework on simulated data from epidemic trend curves and show that we can recover the parameter values of those trends. We also apply the framework to epidemic trend curves taken from two historical outbreaks: a bluetongue outbreak in cattle, and a whooping cough outbreak in humans. Together, these results show that hindcasting can estimate the time since infection for individuals and provide accurate estimates of epidemic trends, and can be used to distinguish whether an outbreak is increasing or past its peak. We conclude that if temporal characteristics of diagnostics are known, it is possible to recover epidemic trends of both human and animal pathogens from cross-sectional data collected at a single point in time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustaf Rydevik
- Biomathematics and Statistics Scotland (BIOSS), Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- SRUC, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- Environment Department, University of York, York, United Kingdom
| | - Giles T. Innocent
- Biomathematics and Statistics Scotland (BIOSS), Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Glenn Marion
- Biomathematics and Statistics Scotland (BIOSS), Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Charalambos Billinis
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Thessaly, Karditsa, Greece
- Department of Biomedicine, Institute for Research and Technology of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece
| | - Paul Barrow
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Peter P. C. Mertens
- The Vector-Borne Viral Diseases Programme, The Pirbright Institute, Surrey, United Kingdom
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18
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Abstract
The sequence of the S10 gene segment of the United States prototype strains of BTV serotypes 10, 11, 13, and 17 obtained from the American Type Culture Collection (ATCC), the commercial modified live virus vaccine strains of BTV serotypes 10, 11, and 17, and 20 field isolates of BTV serotypes 10, 11, 13, and 17 was determined to better define the molecular epidemiology of BTV infection in the US. All S10 gene segments were 822 nucleotides in length with two in-frame initiation codons (nucleotides 20 to 22 and 59 to 61) and a single termination codon (nucleotides 707 to 709), thus all S10 genes were predicted to encode two proteins (NS3, NS3A). Nucleotide differences between the S10 genes from field isolates of BTV ranged from zero (100% identity) to 142 (81.8% identity). The sequences of the S10 gene segments from the US prototype ATCC strains of BTV 10 and 11 were very different from the previously published sequences of putative US prototype viruses of the same serotypes (Lee and Roy, 1986; Hwang et al., 1992). Comparison of the predicted NS3/NS3A proteins encoded by the S10 gene showed little variation between the various viruses (from 93 to 100% identity). This apparent conservation of NS3/NS3A amongst different strains and serotypes of BTV likely is a reflection of functional constraints on the protein that tolerate little variation. The various US isolates of BTV segregate into two distinct monophyletic groups based on their S10 gene sequences and clustering of viruses was independent of serotype, year of isolation, geographical origin, and of host species of isolation. The S10 sequence data also show that viruses that segregated within each of these two monophyletic groups co-circulated in the western US between 1953 and 1990, and that reassortment of the S10 gene segment likely occurs in nature. Comparison of dendograms derived from sequence analysis of the S3 (de Mattos et al., 1996)and the S10 gene segments from the same viruses also indicates that the S10 gene segment evolves and reassorts independently of the S3 gene segment.
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Affiliation(s)
- C M Pierce
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis 95616, USA
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19
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Mattson DE. Update on llama medicine. Viral diseases. Vet Clin North Am Food Anim Pract 1994; 10:345-51. [PMID: 7953966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Expanding interest in New World Camelids presents a unique challenge to veterinarians engaged in diagnosing infectious diseases of these species. Little basic research has been conducted in this area. Much of our information is incomplete and based on serologic surveys and personal communication with virologists in diagnostic laboratories. This review is a summary of our current knowledge of the common viral diseases of llamas and alpacas. It is hoped that it will serve as a catalyst for a more complete understanding of this topic in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- D E Mattson
- Department of Veterinary Virology, Oregon State University, College of Veterinary Medicine, Corvallis
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George TD, Alexander GI, Gard GP. 2nd International Symposium on Bluetongue, African Horse Sickness and Related Orbiviruses, Paris, 17-21 June 1991. Aust Vet J 1991; 68:381-2. [PMID: 1666947 DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-0813.1991.tb03101.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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Bluetongue viruses. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 1990; 162:1-200. [PMID: 2166642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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Coetzer JA, Schutte AP. [Infectious causes of perinatal mortalities in ruminants (author's transl)]. J S Afr Vet Assoc 1978; 49:89-98. [PMID: 215769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The advantages and disadvantages of the different diagnostic techniques e.g. pathological and microbiological studies, immunoglobulin and specific antibody determinations and fluorescent antibody studies in relation to these mortalities are discussed. The most important pathological lesions in the placentas and foetuses are described.
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Abstract
A comparison has been made of the disease produced in white-tailed deer by the viruses of epizootic haemorrhagic disease and bluetongue. The similar nature of these diseases in deer and of some of the viral properties has been described. Although these two viruses are considered to be distinct, it is possible by employing an unnatural procedure to produce antibody which will demonstrate a minor antigenic component common to both viruses. Biological features that differ between the two viruses have also been noted.
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Abstract
Ibaraki disease, an epizootic disease of cattle in Japan resembling bluetongue, is characterized by fever and lesions affecting the mucous membranes, the skin, the musculature and vascular system. Degeneration of striated muscular tissue is observed in the oesophagus, larynx, pharynx, tongue and the skeletal muscles. Oedema and haemorrhage are marked in the mouth, lips, abomasum, around the coronets, etc., and are occasionally followed by degeneration of the epithelium leading to erosions or ulcerations. Severe lesions affecting the oesophageal and laryngopharyngeal musculature cause difficulty in swallowing which in turn produces dehydration and emaciation, and occasionally the aspiration pneumonia, which constitute the major causes of death of affected animals. These clinical and pathological findings indicate the similarity of the disease to bluetongue in sheep and cattle. Ibaraki disease was first recognised in Japan in 1959 and 1960. Seasonally its occurrence is limited to late summer and autumn, and geographically to the central and western parts of Japan, roughly south of 37 degrees north latitude. It is absent from the higher altitudes. The seasonal and geographical incidence suggests the possibility of an arthropod vector; but direct evidence for such a vector is still lacking. Serological data suggest the presence of Ibaraki virus on Bali Island in Indonesia and in Taiwan. The disease can be transmitted serially in calves by the intravenous inoculation of blood obtained at the height of a febrile reaction. Ibaraki virus can be isolated in bovine cell cultures from both natural and experimentally produced cases of the disease. The virus multiplies and induces cytopathic effects in primary cultures of bovine, sheep and hamster lung origin, and L cells; but it does not grow in primary cultures of horse and swine kidney nor in HeLa cell cultures. The virus is readily passaged serially in 4 to 5-day-old eggs by yolk-sac inoculation and incubation at 33.5 degrees C. It multiplies in the brains of mice of any age after incracerebral inoculation but younger mice give a better viral growth and develop encephalitis. No evidence has been obtained that rabbits and guinea pigs are susceptible to Ibaraki virus...
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Sever JL. Virus infections and malformations. Fed Proc 1971; 30:114-7. [PMID: 4321980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Ohder H, Lund LJ, Whiteland AP. Observations on the growth and development of bluetongue, nairobi sheep disease and Rift Valley Fever viruses by fluorescent antibody technique and titration in a tissue culture system. Arch Gesamte Virusforsch 1970; 29:127-38. [PMID: 4315629 DOI: 10.1007/bf01249299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Lecatsas G. Electron microscopic study of the formation of bluetongue virus. Onderstepoort J Vet Res 1968; 35:139-49. [PMID: 4328479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
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ROBERTSON A, APPEL M, BANNISTER GL, RUCKERBAUER GM, BOULANGER P. STUDIES ON BLUETONGUE II. COMPLEMENT-FIXING ACTIVITY OF OVINE AND BOVINE SERA. Can J Comp Med Vet Sci 1965; 29:113-7. [PMID: 14294803 PMCID: PMC1494399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2023]
Abstract
Sera of sheep and calves infected with the California type 10 and Cyprus type 3 viruses of bluetongue were tested by the regular and modified direct complement-fixation tests. To obtain satisfactory complement fixation it was necessary to use the latter test. Cross reactivity was found, therefore, the California type 10 antigen could be used in testing sera of animals infected with the Cyprus virus.
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GRINER LA, MCCRORY BR, FOSTER NM, MEYER H. BLUETONGUE ASSOCIATED WITH ABNORMALITIES IN NEWBORN LAMBS. J Am Vet Med Assoc 1964; 145:1013-9. [PMID: 14229979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2023]
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LUEDKE AJ, BOWNE JG, JOCHIM MM, DOYLE C. CLINICAL AND PATHOLOGIC FEATURES OF BLUETONGUE IN SHEEP. Am J Vet Res 1964; 25:963-70. [PMID: 14266906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2023]
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BOWNE JG, LUEDKE AJ, JOCHIM MM, FOSTER NM. CURRENT STATUS OF BLUETONGUE IN SHEEP. J Am Vet Med Assoc 1964; 144:759-64. [PMID: 14156995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2023]
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MOULTON JE. Pathology of bluetongue of sheep in California. J Am Vet Med Assoc 1961; 138:493-8. [PMID: 13773253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/24/2023]
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MCKERCHER DG, MCGOWAN B, CABASSO VJ, ROBERTS GI, SAITO JK. Studies on bluetongue. III. The development of a modified live virus vaccine employing American strains of bluetongue virus. Am J Vet Res 1957; 18:310-6. [PMID: 13424922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/07/2023]
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BARBAUD R, HERAULT M, PLACIDI L. [Virus disease of sheep from new introduction in Europe and North Africa: blue tongue; epidemiological note]. Maroc Med 1957; 36:142-6. [PMID: 13417809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
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MCKERCHER DG, MCGOWAN B, MCCRORY BR. Studies on bluetongue. V. Distribution of bluetongue in the United States as confirmed by diagnostic tests. J Am Vet Med Assoc 1957; 130:86-9. [PMID: 13416064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
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MCGOWAN B, MCKERCHER DG, SHULTZ G. Studies on bluetongue. IV. Field trial of a modified live virus vaccine. J Am Vet Med Assoc 1956; 128:454-6. [PMID: 13306670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
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SCHULTZ G, DELAY PD. Losses in newborn lambs associated with bluetongue vaccination of pregnancy ewes. J Am Vet Med Assoc 1955; 127:224-6. [PMID: 13251947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
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CABASSO VJ, ROBERTS GI, DOUGLAS JM, ZORZI R, STEBBINS MR, COX HR. Bluetongue. I. Propagation of bluetongue virus of sheep in suckling hamsters. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 1955; 88:678-81. [PMID: 14371740 DOI: 10.3181/00379727-88-21693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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MCGOWAN B. An epidemic resembling soremuzzle or bluetongue in California sheep. Cornell Vet 1953; 43:213-6. [PMID: 13043208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/05/2023]
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NEITZ WO. Immunological studies on bluetongue in sheep. Onderstepoort J Vet Sci Anim Ind 1948; 23:93-136. [PMID: 18863435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
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THOMAS AD, NEITZ WO. Further observations on the pathology of bluetongue in sheep. Onderstepoort J Vet Sci Anim Ind 1947; 22:27-40. [PMID: 18915582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
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