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Henning P, Conaway HH, Lerner UH. Stimulation of osteoclast formation and bone resorption by glucocorticoids: Synergistic interactions with the calcium regulating hormones parathyroid hormone and 1,25(OH) 2-vitamin D3. Vitam Horm 2022; 120:231-270. [PMID: 35953112 DOI: 10.1016/bs.vh.2022.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Osteoporosis is a significant health problem, with skeletal fractures increasing morbidity and mortality. Excess glucocorticoids (GC) represents the leading cause of secondary osteoporosis. The first phase of glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis is increased bone resorption. In this Chapter, in vitro studies of the direct glucocorticoid receptor (GR) mediated cellular effects of GC on osteoclasts to affect bone resorption and indirect effects on osteoblast lineage cells to increase the RANKL/OPG ratio and stimulate osteoclastogenesis and bone resorption are reviewed in detail, together with detailed descriptions of in vivo effects of GC in different portions of the skeleton in research animals and humans. Brief sections are devoted to contrasting functions of GC in osteonecrosis, vitamin D formation, in vitro and in vivo bone resorptive actions dependent on vitamin D receptor and vitamin D toxicity, as well as the molecular basis of GR action. Included are also more detailed assessments of the interactions of GC with the major calcium regulating hormones, 1,25(OH)2-vitamin D3 and parathyroid hormone, describing the in vitro increases in RANKL/OPG ratios, osteoclastogenesis and synergistic bone resorption that occurs when GC is combined with either 1,25(OH)2-vitamin D3 or parathyroid hormone. Additionally, a molecular basic for the synergistic interaction of GC with 1,25(OH)2-vitamin D3 is provided along with a suggested molecular basic for the interaction between GC and parathyroid hormone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra Henning
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Osteoporosis Centre and Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research at the Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - H Herschel Conaway
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, United States
| | - Ulf H Lerner
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Osteoporosis Centre and Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research at the Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION Medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) is an aggressive form of thyroid cancer. Early detection is essential because only complete resection of the thyroid tumor and any local metastases can cure MTC. Calcitonin (CT) is a marker used for diagnosis of MTC. In controversial cases of slightly elevated CT levels, stimulation tests have shown their utility, but their safety should also be taken into account. OBJECTIVE Our aim is to present our own experience regarding the safety of CT stimulating tests. MATERIALS AND METHODS We applied a specific protocol of calcium stimulation test in 176 patients after informed consent (115 women with a median age of 46 years, range 21-79; 61 men with a median age of 54 years, range 22-78). We recorded the side effects and a further analysis was performed. RESULTS The most frequent side effects noted were hot flashes in 159 out of 176 patients (90.34%), followed by dysgeusia (32/176) and bradycardia (10/176). Severe bradycardia was reported in only one patient (0.568%), which was rapidly reversible. There was no correlation between patients' age, weight, height, body mass index, basal CT or peak stimulated CT, and grade of severity, but men were more likely to develop cardiovascular side effects than women, namely, bradycardia, tachycardia, ventricular or atrial extrasystoles, hypertension, hypotension, or angina (p = 0.024), with an odds ratio of 2.94 (CI: 1.11-7.76). We recommend thyroid surgery in all women with sCT above 285 pg/ml. CONCLUSION The calcium stimulation test is well tolerated, with few adverse reactions. The test should be performed with appropriate precautions (i.e., ECG monitoring during and after the test) to minimize the possibility of a serious event.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mara Băetu
- "C.I. Parhon" National Institute of Endocrinology, Bucharest, Romania.
- "Carol Davila" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania.
| | | | - Ileana Nițu
- "C.I. Parhon" National Institute of Endocrinology, Bucharest, Romania
- "Carol Davila" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Gabriel Moldoveanu
- "C.I. Parhon" National Institute of Endocrinology, Bucharest, Romania
- "Carol Davila" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Cristina Corneci
- "C.I. Parhon" National Institute of Endocrinology, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Corin Badiu
- "C.I. Parhon" National Institute of Endocrinology, Bucharest, Romania
- "Carol Davila" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
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Rizka A, Setiati S, Sadikin M, Mansur IG. Immunomodulatory effect of in vitro calcitriol in fit and frail elderly. Int Immunopharmacol 2021; 96:107737. [PMID: 33965881 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2021.107737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 04/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Effect of calcitriol on PBMCs of healthy adults have been well studied but not much is known about its effect on the PBMCs of elderly patients with various degree of frailty syndrome and immune senescence. This study was aimed to assess the effect of in vitro calcitriol immunomodulatory effect on IL-6, IL-10 and IFN-γ in elderly patients who were fit, pre-frail and frail to see which group of patients might get the most benefit of calcitriol. METHODS This study was an experimental study on the PBMCs of 24 elderly people, of which 8 subjects each were in fit, pre-frail and frail categories based on the Cardiovascular Health Study criteria. IL-6, IL-10, and IFN-γ were examined by ELISA, before and after administration of lipopolysaccharide and 100 pg/mL calcitriol into PBMC cultures in vitro. RESULT The mean serum vitamin D level was 26.2 (2.4) ng/ml. Vitamin D level is decreasing along with worsening of frailty status. After LPS induction, calcitriol did not reduce IL-6 and IFN-γ in all the groups. Calcitriol increased IL-10 in all groups, with the most observed change in the pre-frail group. CONCLUSION In vitro administration of calcitriol showed anti-inflammatory potential by increasing IL-10 mainly in pre-frail subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aulia Rizka
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia, Cipto Mangunkusumo National Hospital, Jakarta 10430, Indonesia; Metabolic Vascular and Aging Cluster, Indonesian Medical Education and Research Institute Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta 10430, Indonesia.
| | - Siti Setiati
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia, Cipto Mangunkusumo National Hospital, Jakarta 10430, Indonesia
| | - M Sadikin
- Department of Biochemistry Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta 10430, Indonesia
| | - Indra G Mansur
- Department of Biology Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta 10430, Indonesia
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Meng H, Matthan NR, Angellotti E, Pittas AG, Lichtenstein AH. Exploring the effect of vitamin D3 supplementation on surrogate biomarkers of cholesterol absorption and endogenous synthesis in patients with type 2 diabetes-randomized controlled trial. Am J Clin Nutr 2020; 112:538-547. [PMID: 32559272 PMCID: PMC7458767 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/nqaa149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inverse associations have been reported between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] and circulating cholesterol concentrations in observational studies. Postulated mechanisms include reduced bioavailability of intestinal cholesterol and alterations in endogenous cholesterol synthesis. OBJECTIVE To explore the effect of daily supplementation with 4000 IU/d vitamin D3 for 24 wk on surrogate biomarkers of cholesterol absorption (campesterol and β-sitosterol) and endogenous synthesis (lathosterol and desmosterol). METHODS Ancillary study of The Vitamin D for Established Type 2 Diabetes (DDM2) trial. Patients with established type 2 diabetes (N = 127, 25-75 y, BMI 23-42 kg/m2) were randomly assigned to receive either 4000 IU vitamin D3 or placebo daily for 24 wk. Of participants without changes in cholesterol-lowering medications (n = 114), plasma surrogate cholesterol absorption and endogenous synthesis biomarker concentrations were measured and merged with available measures of serum LDL cholesterol and HDL cholesterol concentrations. RESULTS At week 24, vitamin D3 supplementation significantly increased 25(OH)D concentrations (+21.5 ± 13.4 ng/mL) but not insulin secretion rates (primary outcome of the parent study) as reported previously. In this ancillary study there was no significant effect of vitamin D3 supplementation on serum cholesterol profile or surrogate biomarkers of cholesterol absorption and endogenous synthesis. Compared with participants not treated with cholesterol-lowering medications, those who were treated exhibited a greater reduction in plasma campesterol concentrations in the vitamin D3 but not placebo group (P-interaction = 0.011). Analyzing the data on the basis of cholesterol absorption status (hypo- versus hyperabsorbers) or cholesterol synthesis status (hypo- versus hypersynthesizers) did not alter these results. CONCLUSIONS Vitamin D3 supplementation for 24 wk had no significant effect on surrogate biomarkers of cholesterol absorption or endogenous synthesis, consistent with the lack of effect on serum cholesterol profile. Vitamin D3 supplementation resulted in greater reduction in campesterol concentrations in participants not using compared with those using cholesterol-lowering medications. Further studies are required.This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT01736865.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huicui Meng
- Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Nirupa R Matthan
- Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Edith Angellotti
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Anastassios G Pittas
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Alice H Lichtenstein
- Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
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Vasconcelos MA, Orsolin PC, Oliveira VC, Lima PMAP, Naves MPC, de Morais CR, Nicolau-Júnior N, Bonetti AM, Spanó MA. Modulating effect of vitamin D3 on the mutagenicity and carcinogenicity of doxorubicin in Drosophila melanogaster and in silico studies. Food Chem Toxicol 2020; 143:111549. [PMID: 32640329 PMCID: PMC7335493 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2020.111549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Revised: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Vitamin D3 (VD3) deficiency increases DNA damage, while supplementation may exert a pro-oxidant activity, prevent viral infections and formation of tumors. The aim of this study was to investigate the mutagenicity and carcinogenicity of VD3 alone or in combination with doxorubicin (DXR) using the Somatic Mutation and Recombination Test and the Epithelial Tumor Test, both in Drosophila melanogaster. For better understanding of the molecular interactions of VD3 and receptors, in silico analysis were performed with molecular docking associated with molecular dynamics. Findings revealed that VD3 alone did not increase the frequency of mutant spots, but reduced the frequency of mutant spots when co-administered with DXR. In addition, VD3 did not alter the recombinogenic effect of DXR in both ST and HB crosses. VD3 alone did not increase the total frequency of tumor, but significantly reduced the total frequency of tumor when co-administered with DXR. Molecular modeling and molecular dynamics between calcitriol and Ecdysone Receptor (EcR) showed a stable interaction, indicating the possibility of signal transduction between VD3 and EcR. In conclusion, under these experimental conditions, VD3 has modulatory effects on the mutagenicity and carcinogenicity induced by DXR in somatic cells of D. melanogaster and exhibited satisfactory interactions with the EcR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirley Alves Vasconcelos
- Institute of Biotechnology, Federal University of Uberlândia, Campus Umuarama, Uberlândia, MG, Brazil.
| | - Priscila Capelari Orsolin
- Laboratory of Cytogenetic and Mutagenesis, University Center of Patos de Minas, Patos de Minas, MG, Brazil.
| | - Victor Constante Oliveira
- Institute of Biotechnology, Federal University of Uberlândia, Campus Umuarama, Uberlândia, MG, Brazil.
| | | | | | | | - Nilson Nicolau-Júnior
- Institute of Biotechnology, Federal University of Uberlândia, Campus Umuarama, Uberlândia, MG, Brazil.
| | - Ana Maria Bonetti
- Institute of Biotechnology, Federal University of Uberlândia, Campus Umuarama, Uberlândia, MG, Brazil.
| | - Mário Antônio Spanó
- Institute of Biotechnology, Federal University of Uberlândia, Campus Umuarama, Uberlândia, MG, Brazil.
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Brent MB, Thomsen JS, Brüel A. The Efficacy of PTH and Abaloparatide to Counteract Immobilization-Induced Osteopenia Is in General Similar. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2020; 11:588773. [PMID: 33162940 PMCID: PMC7581786 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2020.588773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Immobilization results in a substantial bone loss and increased fracture risk. Powerful bone anabolic therapies are necessary to counteract the bone loss and reduce fracture risk during periods with immobilization. Intermittent parathyroid hormone 1-34 (PTH) (teriparatide) and PTH related peptide analog abaloparatide (ABL) are potent bone anabolic therapies acting through the same receptor, but induce different durations of signaling response. We investigated the efficacy of PTH or ABL in preventing immobilization-induced bone loss in rats in a direct mole-to-mole comparison. Immobilization was achieved by injecting botulinum toxin type A (BTX) into the right hindlimb musculature. Sixty 14-week-old female Wistar rats were allocated to the following groups: Baseline, Control, BTX, BTX + PTH (80 μg/kg/day), and BTX + ABL (77 μg/kg/day). Immobilization resulted in a substantial and significant reduction in bone mineral density (aBMD), metaphyseal and epiphyseal trabecular bone volume fraction (BV/TV) and trabecular thickness (Tb.Th), metaphyseal trabecular number (Tb.N), and femoral neck bone strength. Both PTH and ABL prevented the immobilization-induced decrease in aBMD, metaphyseal and epiphyseal Tb.Th, and metaphyseal Tb.N. In addition, PTH rescued the reduction in metaphyseal BV/TV and femoral neck strength, while ABL did not. However, the effect of PTH and ABL did not differ significantly for serum calcium, aBMD, metaphyseal, and epiphyseal BV/TV, Tb.Th, or Tb.N. In conclusion, in a mole-to-mole comparison the efficacy of PTH and ABL is similar in counteracting immobilization-induced reduction in bone mineral density, deterioration in trabecular microarchitecture, and decrease in bone strength.
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Chen LR, Ko NY, Chen KH. Medical Treatment for Osteoporosis: From Molecular to Clinical Opinions. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20092213. [PMID: 31064048 PMCID: PMC6540613 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20092213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2019] [Revised: 04/27/2019] [Accepted: 05/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteoporosis is a major concern all over the world. With aging, a gradual loss of bone mass results in osteopenia and osteoporosis. Heritable factors account for 60–80% of optimal bone mineralization. Modifiable factors, such as weight-bearing exercise, nutrition, body mass, and hormonal milieu, play an important role in the development of osteopenia and osteoporosis in adulthood. Currently, anti-resorptive agents, including estrogen, bisphosphonates, and selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs), are the drugs of choice for osteoporosis. Other treatments include parathyroid hormone (PTH) as well as the nutritional support of calcium and vitamin D. New treatments such as tissue-selective estrogen receptor complexes (TSECs) are currently in use too. This review, which is based on a systematic appraisal of the current literature, provides current molecular and genetic opinions on osteoporosis and its medical treatment. It offers evidence-based information to help researchers and clinicians with osteoporosis assessment. However, many issues regarding osteoporosis and its treatment remain unknown or controversial and warrant future investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Ru Chen
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei 10449, Taiwan.
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Chiao-Tung University, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan.
| | - Nai-Yu Ko
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei 10449, Taiwan.
| | - Kuo-Hu Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Taipei Tzu-Chi Hospital, The Buddhist Tzu-Chi Medical Foundation, Taipei 23142, Taiwan.
- School of Medicine, Tzu-Chi University, Hualien 97004, Taiwan.
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Grammatiki M, Karras S, Kotsa K. The role of vitamin D in the pathogenesis and treatment of diabetes mellitus: a narrative review. Hormones (Athens) 2019; 18:37-48. [PMID: 30255482 DOI: 10.1007/s42000-018-0063-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2018] [Accepted: 08/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus, a metabolic disorder associated with chronic complications, is traditionally classified into two main subtypes. Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) results from gradual pancreatic islet β cell autoimmune destruction, extending over months or years. Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a heterogeneous disorder, with both insulin resistance and impairment in insulin secretion contributing to its pathogenesis. Vitamin D is a fat-soluble vitamin with an established role in calcium metabolism. Recently, several studies have provided evidence suggesting a role for it in various non-skeletal metabolic conditions, including both types of diabetes mellitus. Preclinical studies of vitamin D action on insulin secretion, insulin action, inflammatory processes, and immune regulation, along with evidence of an increase of hypovitaminosis D worldwide, have prompted several epidemiological, observational, and supplementation clinical studies investigating a potential biological interaction between hypovitaminosis D and diabetes. This narrative review aims to summarize current knowledge on the effect of vitamin D on T1DM and T2DM pathogenesis, prevention, and treatment, as well as on micro- and macrovascular complications of the disease. Furthermore, on the basis of current existing evidence, we aim to highlight areas for potential future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Grammatiki
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism-Diabetes Center, 1st Department of Internal Medicine, AHEPA University Hospital, S. Kiriakidi 1, 54636, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Spiros Karras
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism-Diabetes Center, 1st Department of Internal Medicine, AHEPA University Hospital, S. Kiriakidi 1, 54636, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Kalliopi Kotsa
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism-Diabetes Center, 1st Department of Internal Medicine, AHEPA University Hospital, S. Kiriakidi 1, 54636, Thessaloniki, Greece.
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Chi Y, Sun J, Pang L, Jiajue R, Jiang Y, Wang O, Li M, Xing X, Hu Y, Zhou X, Meng X, Xia W. Mutation update and long-term outcome after treatment with active vitamin D 3 in Chinese patients with pseudovitamin D-deficiency rickets (PDDR). Osteoporos Int 2019; 30:481-489. [PMID: 30382318 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-018-4607-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2017] [Accepted: 06/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Pseudovitamin D-deficiency rickets is a rare disease which is caused by CYP27B1. In this study, we identified 9 mutations in 7 PDDR patients. In addition, we observed the response to long-term treatment of calcitriol in 15 Chinese patients with PDDR, which showed that the biochemical abnormalities had been corrected satisfactorily after 1-year treatment. INTRODUCTION Pseudovitamin D-deficiency rickets is a rare autosomal recessive disorder resulting from a defect in 25-hydroxyvitamin D 1α-hydroxylase, which is encoded by CYP27B1. The purpose of this study was to identify the CYP27B1 mutations and investigate the response to long-term treatment of calcitriol in Chinese patients with PDDR. METHODS We investigated CYP27B1 mutations in seven individuals from six separate families. To investigate the response to long-term (13 years) treatment with calcitriol in PDDR patients, we additionally collected clinical data of eight families from our previous report and analyzed their biochemical parameter and radiographic changes during the treatment. RESULTS Nine different mutations were identified: two novel missense mutations (G194R, R259L), three novel and one reported deletion mutations (c1442delA, c1504delA, c311-321del, and c. 48-60del), two novel nonsense mutations (c.85G>T, c.580G>T), and a reported insertion mutation (c1325-1332insCCCACCC). The statistical analysis revealed that parathyroid hormone (PTH) and ALP significantly decreased after 6-month and 1-year treatment with calcitriol respectively. Urine calcium was measured in all the patients without kidney stones being documented. After 6-year treatment, the radiographic abnormalities had also been improved. Two patients who had reached their final height are both with short stature (height Z-score below - 2.0). CONCLUSIONS We identified seven novel mutations of CYP27B1 gene in seven Chinese PDDR families. Our findings revealed after 1-year treatment of active vitamin D3, PTH and ALP significantly decreased. The correction of the biochemical abnormalities had not improved the final height satisfactorily.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Chi
- Department of Endocrinology, Key Laboratory of Endocrinology, Ministry of Health, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shuaifuyuan No. 1, Wangfujing, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - J Sun
- Department of Endocrinology, Key Laboratory of Endocrinology, Ministry of Health, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shuaifuyuan No. 1, Wangfujing, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - L Pang
- Department of Endocrinology, Key Laboratory of Endocrinology, Ministry of Health, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shuaifuyuan No. 1, Wangfujing, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - R Jiajue
- Department of Endocrinology, Key Laboratory of Endocrinology, Ministry of Health, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shuaifuyuan No. 1, Wangfujing, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Y Jiang
- Department of Endocrinology, Key Laboratory of Endocrinology, Ministry of Health, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shuaifuyuan No. 1, Wangfujing, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - O Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Key Laboratory of Endocrinology, Ministry of Health, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shuaifuyuan No. 1, Wangfujing, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - M Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Key Laboratory of Endocrinology, Ministry of Health, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shuaifuyuan No. 1, Wangfujing, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - X Xing
- Department of Endocrinology, Key Laboratory of Endocrinology, Ministry of Health, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shuaifuyuan No. 1, Wangfujing, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Y Hu
- Department of Endocrinology, Key Laboratory of Endocrinology, Ministry of Health, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shuaifuyuan No. 1, Wangfujing, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - X Zhou
- Department of Endocrinology, Key Laboratory of Endocrinology, Ministry of Health, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shuaifuyuan No. 1, Wangfujing, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - X Meng
- Department of Endocrinology, Key Laboratory of Endocrinology, Ministry of Health, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shuaifuyuan No. 1, Wangfujing, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - W Xia
- Department of Endocrinology, Key Laboratory of Endocrinology, Ministry of Health, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shuaifuyuan No. 1, Wangfujing, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100730, China.
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Tikunova S, Belevych N, Doan K, Reiser PJ. Desensitizing mouse cardiac troponin C to calcium converts slow muscle towards a fast muscle phenotype. J Physiol 2018; 596:4651-4663. [PMID: 29992562 PMCID: PMC6166084 DOI: 10.1113/jp276296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2018] [Accepted: 06/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
KEY POINTS The Ca2+ -desensitizing D73N mutation in slow skeletal/cardiac troponin C caused dilatated cardiomyopathy in mice, but the consequences of this mutation in skeletal muscle were not known. The D73N mutation led to a rightward shift in the force versus pCa (-log [Ca]) relationship in slow-twitch mouse fibres. The D73N mutation led to a rightward shift in the force-stimulation frequency relationship and reduced fatigue resistance of mouse soleus muscle. The D73N mutation led to reduced cross-sectional area of slow-twitch fibres in mouse soleus muscle without affecting fibre type composition of the muscle. The D73N mutation resulted in significantly shorter times to peak force and to relaxation during isometric twitches and tetani in mouse soleus muscle. The D73N mutation led to major changes in physiological properties of mouse soleus muscle, converting slow muscle toward a fast muscle phenotype. ABSTRACT The missense mutation, D73N, in mouse cardiac troponin C has a profound impact on cardiac function, mediated by a decreased myofilament Ca2+ sensitivity. Mammalian cardiac muscle and slow skeletal muscle normally share expression of the same troponin C isoform. Therefore, the objective of this study was to determine the consequences of the D73N mutation in skeletal muscle, as a potential mechanism that contributes to the morbidity associated with heart failure or other conditions in which Ca2+ sensitivity might be altered. Effects of the D73N mutation on physiological properties of mouse soleus muscle, in which slow-twitch fibres are prevalent, were examined. The mutation resulted in a rightward shift of the force-stimulation frequency relationship, and significantly faster kinetics of isometric twitches and tetani in isolated soleus muscle. Furthermore, soleus muscles from D73N mice underwent a significantly greater reduction in force during a fatigue test. The mutation significantly reduced slow fibre mean cross-sectional area without affecting soleus fibre type composition. The effects of the mutation on Ca2+ sensitivity of force development in soleus skinned slow and fast fibres were also examined. As expected, the D73N mutation did not affect the Ca2+ sensitivity of force development in fast fibres but resulted in substantially decreased Ca2+ sensitivity in slow fibres. The results demonstrate that a point mutation in a single constituent of myofilaments (slow/cardiac troponin C) led to major changes in physiological properties of skeletal muscle and converted slow muscle toward a fast muscle phenotype with reduced fatigue resistance and Ca2+ sensitivity of force generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svetlana Tikunova
- Department of Physiology and Cell BiologyCollege of MedicineColumbusOH 43210USA
| | - Natalya Belevych
- Division of Biosciences, College of DentistryOhio State UniversityColumbusOH 43210USA
| | - Kelly Doan
- Division of Biosciences, College of DentistryOhio State UniversityColumbusOH 43210USA
| | - Peter J. Reiser
- Division of Biosciences, College of DentistryOhio State UniversityColumbusOH 43210USA
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Peppone LJ, Ling M, Huston AJ, Reid ME, Janelsins MC, Puzas JE, Kamen C, Del Giglio A, Asare M, Peoples AR, Mustian KM. The effects of high-dose calcitriol and individualized exercise on bone metabolism in breast cancer survivors on hormonal therapy: a phase II feasibility trial. Support Care Cancer 2018; 26:2675-2683. [PMID: 29470705 PMCID: PMC6019129 DOI: 10.1007/s00520-018-4094-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2017] [Accepted: 02/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Cancer treatment-induced bone loss (CTIBL) is a long-term side effect of breast cancer therapy. Both calcitriol and weight-bearing exercise improve bone metabolism for osteoporotic patients, but are unproven in a breast cancer population. We used a novel high-dose calcitriol regimen with an individualized exercise intervention to improve bone metabolism in breast cancer survivors. METHODS We accrued 41 subjects to this open label, 2 × 2 factorial, randomized feasibility trial. Breast cancer survivors were randomized to receive the following: (1) calcitriol (45 micrograms/week), (2) individualized exercise with progressive walking and resistance training, (3) both, or (4) a daily multivitamin (control condition) for 12 weeks. Primary outcomes included changes in biomarkers of bone formation, bone resorption, and the bone remodeling index, a composite measure of bone formation and resorption. Safety measures included clinical and biochemical adverse events. A main effect analysis was used for these endpoints. RESULTS Hypercalcemia was limited to three grade I cases with no grade ≥ 2 cases. Among exercisers, 100% engaged in the prescribed aerobic training and 44.4% engaged in the prescribed resistance training. Calcitriol significantly improved bone formation (Cohen's d = 0.64; p < 0.01), resulting in a non-significant increase in the bone remodeling index (Cohen's d = 0.21; p = 31). Exercise failed to improve any of the bone biomarkers. CONCLUSIONS Both calcitriol and exercise were shown to be feasible and well tolerated. Calcitriol significantly improved bone formation, resulting in a net increase of bone metabolism. Compliance with the exercise intervention was sub-optimal, which may have led to a lack of effect of exercise on bone metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luke J Peppone
- Department of Surgery and Orthopaedics, University of Rochester Medical Center (URMC), 265 Crittenden Blvd, CU 420658, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA.
| | - Marilyn Ling
- Department of Radiation Oncology, URMC, Rochester, NY, USA
| | | | - Mary E Reid
- Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | | | | | | | - Auro Del Giglio
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, ABC Foundation School of Medicine, Sao Paolo, Brazil
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Siddique N, Fallon N, Steen G, Walsh JB, Casey MC. Treatment of osteoporosis with recombinant parathyroid hormone, utilisation of total body DXA to observe treatment effects on total body composition and factors determining response to therapy. Ir J Med Sci 2018; 188:505-515. [PMID: 30032480 DOI: 10.1007/s11845-018-1875-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2017] [Accepted: 07/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Recombinant parathyroid hormone (rPTH) increases bone mineral density (BMD). However, certain other potential effects of rPTH remain to be studied. The aim of this study is to identify whether bone turnover markers, relevant biochemical parameters or total body fat and muscle composition affect the response to rPTH and to establish if these parameters in particular change during treatment. METHODS One hundred seventy-two participants were treated with rPTH, and 128 subjects who fully complied with the therapy and completed their investigations including biochemical bone markers and total body composition at baseline, 6 months and 1 year of the treatment were divided into responder and non-responder groups. A total body dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) scanner was used to assess the body muscle, fat and bone composition. RESULTS rPTH significantly increased BMD spine at 1 year (p = 0.000). Twenty-four-hour urinary calcium was significantly increased at 6 months in the responder group (p = 0.00). There was a trend to an increase in the fat and muscle mass (p = 0.52 and 0.45, respectively), and it was not negatively affected by rPTH. Bone turnover markers (P1NP and OC) did not show statistically significant difference over time between responders and non-responders (p = 0.74 and p = 0.19, respectively). CONCLUSIONS Hypercalciuria which is a frequent feature in osteoporotic population may predict non-responders at 6 months of rPTH, and it may help to optimise individual patient's treatment. Unlike endogenous PTH in pathological conditions, rPTH is anabolic to bone and has no detrimental effects on the body fat and muscle composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Najia Siddique
- Bone Health Unit, Mercers Institute for Successful Aging, St. James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland.
| | - Nessa Fallon
- Bone Health Unit, Mercers Institute for Successful Aging, St. James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Georgina Steen
- Bone Health Unit, Mercers Institute for Successful Aging, St. James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - James B Walsh
- Bone Health Unit, Mercers Institute for Successful Aging, St. James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Miriam C Casey
- Bone Health Unit, Mercers Institute for Successful Aging, St. James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
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Kanis JA, Cooper C, Rizzoli R, Reginster JY. Review of the guideline of the American College of Physicians on the treatment of osteoporosis. Osteoporos Int 2018; 29:1505-1510. [PMID: 29869039 PMCID: PMC6037298 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-018-4504-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2017] [Accepted: 01/11/2018] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
This review, endorsed by the International Osteoporosis Foundation and the European Society for Clinical and Economic Aspects of Osteoporosis, Osteoarthritis and Musculoskeletal Diseases, summarizes several failings of the recent guidelines of the American College of Physicians (ACP) on the treatment of low bone density or osteoporosis to prevent fractures. INTRODUCTION The ACP recently issued guidelines for the treatment of low bone density or osteoporosis to prevent fractures. METHODS Literature review and critical review of the ACP guidelines. RESULTS The guideline is lacking in scope due to the endorsement of treatment based on T-scores rather than fracture risk assessment and in failure to adequately consider anabolic therapies. CONCLUSIONS The ACP guideline appears outdated.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A Kanis
- Centre for Metabolic Bone Diseases, University of Sheffield Medical School, Beech Hill Road, Sheffield, S10 2RX, UK.
- Mary McKillop Health Institute, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, Australia.
| | - C Cooper
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
- NIHR Musculoskeletal Biomedical Research Unit, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - R Rizzoli
- Service of Bone Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - J-Y Reginster
- Department of Public Health, Epidemiology and Health Economics, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Public Health Aspects of Musculoskeletal Health and Aging, Liège, Belgium
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Schreiber R, Ousingsawat J, Wanitchakool P, Sirianant L, Benedetto R, Reiss K, Kunzelmann K. Regulation of TMEM16A/ANO1 and TMEM16F/ANO6 ion currents and phospholipid scrambling by Ca 2+ and plasma membrane lipid. J Physiol 2018; 596:217-229. [PMID: 29134661 PMCID: PMC5767690 DOI: 10.1113/jp275175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2017] [Accepted: 11/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
KEY POINTS TMEM16 proteins can operate as Ca2+ -activated Cl- channels or scramble membrane phospholipids, which are both highly relevant mechanisms during disease. Overexpression of TMEM16A and TMEM16F were found to be partially active at 37°C and at resting intracellular Ca2+ concentrations. We show that TMEM16 Cl- currents and phospholipid scrambling can be activated by modification of plasma membrane phospholipids, through reactive oxygen species and phospholipase A2. While phospholipids and Cl- ions are likely to use the same pore within TMEM16F, TMEM16A only conducts Cl- ions. Lipid regulation of TMEM16 proteins is highly relevant during inflammation and regulated cell death such as apoptosis and ferroptosis. ABSTRACT TMEM16/anoctamin (ANO) proteins form Ca2+ -activated ion channels or phospholipid scramblases. We found that both TMEM16A/ANO1 and TMEM16F/ANO6 produced Cl- currents when activated by intracellular Ca2+ , but only TMEM16F was able to expose phosphatidylserine to the outer leaflet of the plasma membrane. Mutations within TMEM16F or TMEM16A/F chimeras similarly changed Cl- currents and phospholipid scrambling, suggesting the same intramolecular pathway for Cl- and phospholipids. When overexpressed, TMEM16A and TMEM16F produced spontaneous Cl- currents at 37°C even at resting intracellular Ca2+ levels, which was abolished by inhibition of phospholipase A2 (PLA2 ). Connversely, activation of PLA2 or application of active PLA2 , as well as lipid peroxidation induced by reactive oxygen species (ROS) using staurosporine or tert-butyl hydroperoxide, enhanced ion currents by TMEM16A/F and in addition activated phospholipid scrambling by TMEM16F. Thus, TMEM16 proteins are activated by an increase in intracellular Ca2+ , or independent of intracellular Ca2+ , by modifications occurring in plasma and intracellular membrane phospholipids. These results may help to explain why regions distant to the TMEM16 pore and the Ca2+ binding sites control Cl- currents and phospholipid scrambling. Regulation of TMEM16 proteins through modification of membrane phospholipids occurs during regulated cell death such as apoptosis and ferroptosis. It contributes to inflammatory and nerve injury-induced hypersensitivity and generation of pain and therefore provides a regulatory mechanism that is particularly relevant during disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rainer Schreiber
- Institut für PhysiologieUniversität RegensburgUniversitätsstraße 31D‐93053RegensburgGermany
| | - Jiraporn Ousingsawat
- Institut für PhysiologieUniversität RegensburgUniversitätsstraße 31D‐93053RegensburgGermany
| | | | - Lalida Sirianant
- Institut für PhysiologieUniversität RegensburgUniversitätsstraße 31D‐93053RegensburgGermany
| | - Roberta Benedetto
- Institut für PhysiologieUniversität RegensburgUniversitätsstraße 31D‐93053RegensburgGermany
| | - Karina Reiss
- Department of DermatologyUniversity of KielSchittenhelmstrasse 7Kiel24105Germany
| | - Karl Kunzelmann
- Institut für PhysiologieUniversität RegensburgUniversitätsstraße 31D‐93053RegensburgGermany
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