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Sein Anand J, Barwina M, Zajac M, Kaletha K. Suicidal intoxication with potassium chlorate successfully treated with renal replacement therapy and extracorporeal liver support. Przegl Lek 2012; 69:585-586. [PMID: 23243935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
We present a case of a 22-year-old male who, in a suicide attempt, ingested approximately 200 g of potassium chlorate. Upon admission to the hospital, he presented in full respiratory failure with cyanosis. Methylene blue antidote was given but found to be ineffective. The patient was intubated and mechanical ventilation was initiated. Because of renal failure with anuria, intermittent haemodialysis (iHD) followed by continuous venovenous hemodiafiltration (CVVHDF) was performed. His hospital stay was also complicated by hemolysis, disseminated intravascular coagulation, and atrial fibrillation. Transfusions of packed red blood cells, platelets, and fresh frozen plasma were necessary to correct the deficits. He also developed liver failure and required two sessions of molecular adsorbent recirculating system (MARS) therapy. On day 14 of his hospitalization, he regained consciousness, as well as full respiratory and circulatory function. There are no controlled studies addressing management of potassium chlorate poisoning. We suggest that early renal replacement therapy should be strongly considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacek Sein Anand
- Department of Clinical Toxicology, Medical University of Gdańsk.
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Kinoshita H, Yoshioka N, Kuse A, Nishiguchi M, Tanaka N, Jamal M, Kumihashi M, Nagasaki Y, Ueno Y, Ameno K. A fatal case of severe methemoglobinemia presumably due to chlorate ingestion. Soud Lek 2011; 56:43-44. [PMID: 21887899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
A fatal case due to severe methemoglobinemia is presented. A male in his forties was found unconscious in his house and, despite intensive care, death was confirmed approximately 11 hours later. Toxicological analysis using ion chromatography revealed the presence of chlorate in the stomach contents. However, chlorate was not detected in the blood, and no other drugs or ethanol were detected in the blood either. We concluded that the cause of death was presumably due to chlorate poisoning, based on the results of the autopsy and the toxicological examination.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Kinoshita
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Japan.
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Blakley BR, Fraser LM, Waldner C. Chlorate poisoning in beef cattle. Can Vet J 2007; 48:1071-1073. [PMID: 17987970 PMCID: PMC1978296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
A disease syndrome characterized by hemolysis, methemoglobinemia, methemoglobinuria, and death was observed in a herd of purebred Limousin beef cattle grazing on pasture in November in Alberta. Improper disposal of the nonselective herbicide, sodium chlorate, was identified as the causal agent. Highly variable blood methemoglobin levels reflected differences in herbicide consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barry R Blakley
- Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, 52 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan.
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Ranghino A, Costantini L, Deprado A, Filiberti O, Fontaneto C, Ottone S, Peron M, Ternavasio Cameroni G, Zamponi E, Guida G. A case of acute sodium chlorate self-poisoning successfully treated without conventional therapy. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2006; 21:2971-4. [PMID: 16822784 DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfl343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Ranghino
- Unit of Nephrology and Dialysis, Ospedale S. Andrea, 13100 Vercelli, Italy.
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Mutlu H, Silit E, Pekkafali Z, Basekim CC, Kizilkaya E, Ay H, Karsli AF. Cranial MR imaging findings of potassium chlorate intoxication. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2003; 24:1396-8. [PMID: 12917136 PMCID: PMC7973670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/04/2023]
Abstract
We present the case of a patient who attempted suicide by ingesting matchstick heads (55% potassium chlorate). The patient presented to the emergency room with loss of consciousness, and MR imaging revealed symmetric hyperintense signal within the deep gray matter and medial temporal lobes. The patient improved after undergoing conventional treatment and hyperbaric oxygen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hakan Mutlu
- Department of Radiology, Gata Haydarpasa Teaching Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
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Affiliation(s)
- S McCrea
- National Poisons Information Service, London
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Eysseric H, Vincent F, Peoc'h M, Marka C, Aitken Y, Barret L. A fatal case of chlorate poisoning: confirmation by ion chromatography of body fluids. J Forensic Sci 2000; 45:474-7. [PMID: 10782977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
A 49-year-old male chemical industry worker was admitted to intensive care with a 24-hour history of respiratory failure, vomiting, headache, stupor, arterial hypotension, and cyanosed face and limbs. He had acute haemolysis (3.9 g/L plasma haemoglobin concentration) and 30% methaemoglobinaemia. Whereas the search for alcohol, barbiturates and opiates was negative, benzodiazepines and tricyclic antidepressants were present. The patient was in fact being treated with fluvoxamine, amitryptiline, and alprazolam. As the clinical and biological signs suggested chlorate poisoning, chlorate was looked for by using an aniline color reaction. It was found in gastric content and urine. Treatment consisted in mechanical ventilation, vasoactive amines, methylene blue, plasma exchange, exchange transfusion, and haemodialysis. Despite this, the patient had several cardiac arrests and refractory metabolic acidosis. He died 12 h after his admission. Specific ion chromatography was used afterhand to assay the chlorate in various body fluids. The technique was based on a separation on an ion exchange Dionex AS 12A column coupled with conductivity detection. A quantitative estimation was carried out by using external calibration with a four-point calibration curve which was linear between 1 and 15 mg/L. The measured plasma levels of chlorate were 78 and 29 mg/L respectively before and after exchange transfusion. Gastric-lavage liquid contained 1300 mg/L of chlorate and urine 4300 mg/L. Ion chromatography, which is routinely used in environmental studies helped to confirm a massive oral intake of chlorate by measuring the corresponding blood and urine chlorate concentrations, data which had only rarely been reported previously.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Eysseric
- Fédération de Toxicologie Clinique et Biologique, CHU de Grenoble, France.
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Affiliation(s)
- D G Gregory
- Oklahoma Animal Disease Diagnostic Laboratory, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater 74074
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Makhmudov TM, Makhsumov MN, Mazgutov VZ. [Anabolic effects of sodium selenite, vitamin E and retabolil in experimental hypotrophy induced by a pesticide]. Vopr Pitan 1989:61-4. [PMID: 2552678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Forty Chinchilla rabbits of both sexes were examined for changes in some parameters of protein, lipid and trace elements metabolism (total protein, protein fractions, urea, residual nitrogen in blood serum, lipids, total cholesterol, free cholesterol, diglycerides, phospholipids, triglycerides, free fatty acids and the trace elements selenium, iron, zinc and so forth in the liver) during the animals' poisoning with the defoliant magnesium chlorate. A study was made of the effect on these changes of the administration for 3 weeks of sodium selenite (15 micrograms/kg), vitamin E (25 mg/kg) and retabolil (2 mg/kg once a week). It has been established that the combined administration of these agents removes and prevents the changes in protein, lipid and trace elements (hypoproteinemia, dysproteinemia and impairment of the nitrous balance) and lipid metabolism because of the animals' poisoning with magnesium chlorate.
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Granier P, Danel V, Barnoud D, Lavagne P, Faure J. [Sodium chlorate poisoning]. Presse Med 1985; 14:1099. [PMID: 3158973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
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Abstract
Two cases of chlorate poisoning presenting as unexpected sudden deaths are described. Both cases had previous psychiatric histories but poisoning was not seriously considered as the cause of death prior to autopsy, when the finding of chocolate-coloured fluid blood alerted the pathologist to the cause of death.
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Abstract
A case of severe sodium chlorate poisoning was observed within 5 h after suicidal ingestion of 150-200 g of the herbicide. Methaemoglobinaemia was the early symptom of the intoxication. Treatment with methylene blue and ascorbic acid could not prevent a massive haemolysis with disseminated intravascular coagulation. Hypercoagulation and hyperfibrinolysis could be treated successfully with exchange transfusions, heparin and fresh plasma. During the first hours, 70 mmol chlorate were excreted before complete renal failure occurred which required haemodialysis for several weeks. Clinical observations and in vitro experiments provide evidence that methylene blue is effective only in the very early stages of chlorate poisoning. Consequently, the following treatment is suggested: gastric lavage, exchange transfusion, bicarbonate infusion, haemodialysis, anticoagulation with heparin and substitution of clotting factors if necessary.
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Stavrou A, Butcher R, Sakula A. Accidental self-poisoning by sodium chlorate weed-killer. Practitioner 1978; 221:397-9. [PMID: 733711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Yoshida Y, Hirose Y, Konda S, Kitada H, Shinoda A. A cytological study of Heinz body-hemolytic anemia. Report of a case of sodium chlorate poisoning complicated by methemoglobinemia and acute renal failure. Nihon Ketsueki Gakkai Zasshi 1977; 40:147-51. [PMID: 577648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Muehrcke RC, Volini FI, Morris AM, Moles JB, Lawrence AG. Acute toxic nephropathies: clinical pathologic correlations. Ann Clin Lab Sci 1976; 6:477-513. [PMID: 793503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Man's ever increasing exposure to numerous drugs and chemicals, which are the results of medical and industrial progress, produces a by-product of acute toxic nephropathies. These include acute toxic renal failure, drug-induced acute oliguric renal failure, acute hemorrhagic glomerulonephritis, nephrotic syndrome, tubular disturbances and potassium deficiency. In depth information is provided for the previously mentioned disorders.
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Buck WB. Toxic materials and neurologic disease in cattle. J Am Vet Med Assoc 1975; 166:222-6. [PMID: 1133073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Ambs E. [Toxic methemoglobinemia in young infants]. Offentl Gesundheitswes 1971; 33:712-21. [PMID: 4257548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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GORDON S, BROWN JAH. Potassium chlorate poisoning; report of a case. Lancet 1947; 2:503. [PMID: 20265169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/22/2023]
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