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Raghupathi V, Ren J, Raghupathi W. Understanding the nature and dimensions of litigation crowdfunding: A visual analytics approach. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0250522. [PMID: 33905451 PMCID: PMC8078819 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0250522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The escalating cost of civil litigation is leaving many defendants and plaintiffs unable to meet legal expenses such as attorney fees, court charges and others. This significantly impacts their ability to sue or defend themselves effectively. Related to this phenomenon is the ethics discussion around access to justice and crowdfunding. This article explores the dimensions that explain the phenomenon of litigation crowdfunding. Using data from CrowdJustice, a popular Internet fundraising platform used to assist in turning legal cases into publicly funded social cases, we study litigation crowdfunding through the lenses of the number of pledges, goal achievement, target amount, length of description, country, case category, and others. Overall, we see a higher number of cases seeking funding in the categories of human rights, environment, and judicial review. Meanwhile, the platform offers access to funding for other less prominent categories, such as voting rights, personal injury, intellectual property, and data & privacy. At the same time, donors are willing to donate more to cases related to health, politics, and public services. Also noteworthy is that while donors are willing to donate to education, animal welfare, data & privacy, and inquest-related cases, they are not willing to donate large sums to these causes. In terms of lawyer/law firm status, donors are more willing to donate to cases assisted by experienced lawyers. Furthermore, we also note that the higher the number of successful cases an attorney presents, the greater the amount raised. We analyzed valence, arousal, and dominance in case description and found they have a positive relationship with funds raised. Also, when a case description is updated on a crowdsourcing site, it ends up being more successful in funding-at least in the categories of health, immigration, and judicial review. This is not the case, however, for categories such as public service, human rights, and environment. Our research addresses whether litigation crowdfunding, in particular, levels the playing field in terms of opening up financing opportunities for those individuals who cannot afford the costs of litigation. While it may support social justice, ethical concerns with regards to the kinds of campaigns must also be addressed. Most of the ethical concerns center around issues relating to both the fundraisers and donors. Our findings have ethical and social justice implications for crowdfunding platform design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viju Raghupathi
- Koppelman School of Business, Brooklyn College of the City University of New York, Brooklyn, New York, United States of America
| | - Jie Ren
- Gabelli School of Business, Fordham University, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Wullianallur Raghupathi
- Gabelli School of Business, Fordham University, New York, New York, United States of America
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Abstract
UNLABELLED POLICY POINTS: Health policy in the United States has, for more than a century, simultaneously and paradoxically incentivized the growth as well as the commercialization of nonprofit organizations in the health sector. This policy paradox persists during the implementation of the Affordable Care Act of 2010. CONTEXT For more than a century, policy in the United States has incentivized both expansion in the number and size of tax-exempt nonprofit organizations in the health sector and their commercialization. The implementation of the Affordable Care Act of 2010 (ACA) began yet another chapter in the history of this policy paradox. METHODS This article explores the origin and persistence of the paradox using what many scholars call "interpretive social science." This methodology prioritizes history and contingency over formal theory and methods in order to present coherent and plausible narratives of events and explanations for them. These narratives are grounded in documents generated by participants in particular events, as well as conversations with them, observing them in action, and analysis of pertinent secondary sources. The methodology achieves validity and reliability by gathering information from multiple sources and making disciplined judgments about its coherence and correspondence with reality. FINDINGS A paradox with deep historical roots persists as a result of consensus about its value for both population health and the revenue of individuals and organizations in the health sector. Participants in this consensus include leaders of governance who have disagreed about many other issues. The paradox persists because of assumptions about the burden of disease and how to address it, as well as about the effects of biomedical science that is translated into professional education, practice, and the organization of services for the prevention, diagnosis, treatment, and management of illness. CONCLUSIONS The policy paradox that has incentivized the growth and commercialization of nonprofits in the health sector since the late 19th century remains influential in health policy, especially for the allocation of resources. However, aspects of the implementation of the ACA may constrain some of the effects of the paradox.
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MESH Headings
- Commerce/economics
- Commerce/history
- Commerce/legislation & jurisprudence
- Education, Medical/economics
- Education, Medical/history
- Education, Medical/legislation & jurisprudence
- Financing, Government/legislation & jurisprudence
- Financing, Government/methods
- Financing, Government/trends
- Fund Raising/history
- Fund Raising/legislation & jurisprudence
- Fund Raising/methods
- Health Care Sector/economics
- Health Care Sector/history
- Health Care Sector/legislation & jurisprudence
- Health Policy/economics
- Health Policy/history
- Health Policy/legislation & jurisprudence
- History, 19th Century
- History, 20th Century
- History, 21st Century
- Hospitals, Voluntary/economics
- Hospitals, Voluntary/history
- Hospitals, Voluntary/legislation & jurisprudence
- Humans
- Organizations, Nonprofit/economics
- Organizations, Nonprofit/history
- Organizations, Nonprofit/legislation & jurisprudence
- Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act
- Reimbursement, Incentive/legislation & jurisprudence
- Reimbursement, Incentive/trends
- Schools, Medical/economics
- Schools, Medical/history
- Schools, Medical/legislation & jurisprudence
- Tax Exemption/history
- Tax Exemption/legislation & jurisprudence
- United States
- Veterans/education
- Veterans/history
- Veterans/legislation & jurisprudence
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3
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Nordeng A. HIPAA changes effective Sept. 23. MGMA Connex 2013; 13:13-14. [PMID: 24000574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
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4
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Hoffstein E, Ionson K. Canada Revenue Agency releases fundraising guidance for charities. Health Law Can 2013; 33:61-69. [PMID: 23577522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
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Beardwood JP. New issues in healthcare fundraising: assessing the impact of PHIPA and FISA. Health Law Can 2013; 33:69-77. [PMID: 23577523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
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Abstract
This article examines the role of philanthropy in conservation as a way of exploring how and why conservation might be becoming more neoliberal. It describes how conservation philanthropy supports capitalism both discursively and in more practical ways. Philanthropy is examined in terms of the two forces considered to be driving the neoliberalization of conservation — the need for capitalism to find new ways of making money, and the desire of conservationists to engage with capitalism as the best way of getting things done. It demonstrates how philanthropy can speak to both of these logics simultaneously, particularly through emerging ideas of philanthrocapitalism, which may be enhancing the neoliberalization of both philanthropy and conservation.
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Abstract
Volunteers and charitable organizations contribute significantly to community welfare through their prosocial behavior: that is, discretionary behavior such as assisting, comforting, sharing, and cooperating intended to help worthy beneficiaries. This essay focuses on prosocial behavior on the Internet. It describes how offline charitable organizations are using the Net to become more efficient and effective. It also considers entirely new models of Net-based volunteer behavior directed at creating socially beneficial information goods and services. After exploring the scope and diversity of online prosocial behavior, the essay focuses on ways to encourage this kind of behavior through appropriate task and social structures, motivational signals, and trust indicators. It concludes by asking how local offline communities ultimately could be diminished or strengthened as prosocial behavior increases online.
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Abstract
Humanitarian aid's psycho-therapeutic turn in the 1990s was mirrored by the increasing emotionalization and subjectivation of fund-raising campaigns. In order to grasp the depth of this interconnectedness, this article argues that in both cases what we see is the post-Fordist production paradigm at work; namely, as Hardt and Negri put it, the direct production of subjectivity and social relations. To explore this, the therapeutic and mental health approach in humanitarian aid is juxtaposed with the more general phenomenon of psychologization. This allows us to see that the psychologized production of subjectivity has a problematic waste-product as it reduces the human to 'Homo sacer', to use Giorgi Agamben's term. Drawing out a double matrix of a de-psychologizing psychologization connected to a politicizing de-politicization, it will further become possible to understand psycho-therapeutic humanitarianism as a case of how, in these times of globalization, psychology, subjectivity and money are all interrelated.
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Schmidt J. Charity and the government of the poor in the English charity-school movement, circa 1700-1730. J Br Stud 2010; 49:774-800. [PMID: 20941875 DOI: 10.1086/654915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
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10
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Schaap JI. The growth of the native american gaming industry: what has the past provided, and what does the future hold? Am Indian Q 2010; 34:365-389. [PMID: 20677383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
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Morris J. UNICEF, syphilis and the state: negotiating female citizenship in the post-Second World War world. Womens Hist Rev 2010; 19:631-650. [PMID: 20939149 DOI: 10.1080/09612025.2010.502407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Few charitable organizations have achieved the status of global recognition enjoyed by UNICEF, the United Nations Children's Fund, which embodies the international effort to provide for needy children the world over. Created because of its synchronicity with the United Nations' stated purpose—to maintain peace in the world—UNICEF launched its operations in 1946. Its founding, early operations and eventual restructuring reveal a great deal about concurrent political and economic events, but also provide keen insight into international ideas about who qualified for full citizenship in the post-war world. The consequences of UNICEF's policies, procedures and practices posed challenges to notions of citizenship for both women and children. It challenged citizenship not by questioning sex-specific gender roles, but by judiciously adhering to the United Nations' promise to create equality for men and women alike. UNICEF found itself in the unique position to be able to globalize definitions of what constituted full citizenship in any nation, due to its rapid expansion throughout the world. Through its programs, especially those related to health care, it not only challenged these roles in the West, but began over several decades to complicate the definition of citizenship as it became a forceful presence in Asia and Africa throughout the 1970s.
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Evans M. Medical Capital on hot seat. SEC lawsuit alleges firm misappropriated raised funds. Mod Healthc 2009; 39:12-13. [PMID: 19658217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
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Wright MG. HIPAA, Sarbanes-Oxley, IRS, USPS and the states: juggling complicated U.S. regulations. AHP J 2009:30-34. [PMID: 19552242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
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14
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Saunier PY, Tournès L. Philanthropies croisées: a joint venture in public health at Lyon (1917-1940). Fr Hist 2009; 23:216-240. [PMID: 20795287 DOI: 10.1093/fh/crp005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Since the end of the First World War the Rockefeller Foundation has spearheaded a large-scale programme in the field of education for the health professions (doctors and nurses). In several countries throughout the world, but with its efforts concentrated on Europe, it has financed schools, constructed information networks, granted research scholarships and awarded training bursaries. In so doing it has not, however, been in the business of propagating an irresistible "American model," nor has it pursued a huge undertaking in disinterested aid. Through an attempt to contextualize these programmes, to bring to light the existence of common reference points, to retrace the work with local participants and to appraise cleavages within the philanthropic apparatus, this article proposes a fine-grained reading of the role of the Rockefeller Foundation at the Faculté de Médecine (Faculty of Medicine) and the Ecole d'Infirmières et d'assistantes sociales (Training School for Nurses and Social Workers) in Lyon between 1917- and 1940. It analyses these institutions in terms of the transactions, negotiations and appropriations that highlight their joint-venture character and it identifies their varied impact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre-Yves Saunier
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (research group Environnement Ville Société, Lyon, France)
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Pitzulo C. The battle in every man's bed: "Playboy" and the fiery feminists. J Hist Sex 2008; 17:259-289. [PMID: 19263603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
MESH Headings
- Abortion, Induced/economics
- Abortion, Induced/education
- Abortion, Induced/history
- Abortion, Induced/legislation & jurisprudence
- Abortion, Induced/psychology
- Culture
- Dehumanization
- Erotica/history
- Erotica/legislation & jurisprudence
- Erotica/psychology
- Feminism/history
- Fund Raising/economics
- Fund Raising/history
- Fund Raising/legislation & jurisprudence
- History, 20th Century
- Jurisprudence/history
- Politics
- Public Opinion
- Publications/economics
- Publications/history
- Publications/legislation & jurisprudence
- Sexual Behavior/ethnology
- Sexual Behavior/history
- Sexual Behavior/physiology
- Sexual Behavior/psychology
- Sexuality/ethnology
- Sexuality/history
- Sexuality/physiology
- Sexuality/psychology
- Social Change/history
- Social Conditions/economics
- Social Conditions/history
- Social Conditions/legislation & jurisprudence
- Social Perception
- Social Problems/economics
- Social Problems/ethnology
- Social Problems/history
- Social Problems/legislation & jurisprudence
- Social Problems/psychology
- United States/ethnology
- Women's Health/economics
- Women's Health/ethnology
- Women's Health/history
- Women's Health/legislation & jurisprudence
- Women's Rights/economics
- Women's Rights/education
- Women's Rights/history
- Women's Rights/legislation & jurisprudence
- Women, Working/education
- Women, Working/history
- Women, Working/legislation & jurisprudence
- Women, Working/psychology
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Gordon L. Fundraising initiatives and vendor solicitation: avoiding kickback implications. Health Care Law Mon 2007:3-6. [PMID: 17460840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
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Miller P. A celebration in pictures. Osler Libr Newsl 2006; 105:1-2. [PMID: 19226717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
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20
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Broomhall S. Understanding household limitation strategies among the sixteenth-century urban poor in France. Fr Hist 2006; 20:121-137. [PMID: 20672483 DOI: 10.1093/fh/cri056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
This essay explores what we can learn about the household limitation behaviour and strategies of those members of sixteenth-century French society who numbered among the mass of the poor. In particular, it focuses on the evidence produced by urban poor relief councils and hospitals, as they recorded the circumstances of the poverty-stricken clientele for their administrative records, and presents some preliminary findings. Although contraceptive methods do not feature explicitly in petitions and supporting documents, it is possible to build up a modest picture from these sources of the kinds of household limitation techniques available to the urban poor. As this essay demonstrates, in some cases, these involved reproductive strategies, yet in other cases it may be more appropriate to speak of household limitation methods.
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Fong T, DoBias M. Agenda forges ahead. DeLay scandal not seen as affecting GOP plans. Mod Healthc 2005; 35:8-9. [PMID: 16273981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
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Appel JM, Fox MD. Organ solicitation on the Internet: every man for himself? Hastings Cent Rep 2005; 35:14; discussion 14-5. [PMID: 16092393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
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Mulrine A. Is private good enough? US News World Rep 2004; 136:56. [PMID: 15095666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
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Tieman J, Fong T. Mixing politics with pleasure. An AHA vice president organizes a fund-raiser for the Bush-Cheney campaign. Does this constitute a conflict of interest? Mod Healthc 2003; 33:6-7, 1. [PMID: 14584322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/27/2023]
Abstract
An American Hospital Association lobbyist's fund-raiser for the Bush-Cheney re-election campaign last week at Washington's Capitol Hill Club raised eyebrows, along with questions about the gray area between personal advocacy and the industry's political agenda. The AHA was not involved in the event, association officials say, but some observers remain skeptical.
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Haugh R. HIPAA. All systems go. Hosp Health Netw 2003; 77:27, 29. [PMID: 14528798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/27/2023]
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McCullogh D, Smiley G, Hillman L, Smith M, Endicott R, Heim C, Roberts P, Grant S, Carlson D. To make the most of patient privacy regulations, relationship building is essential. An interview with AHP members. Interview by L. Gregg Carlson. AHP J 2003:22-4, 26-9. [PMID: 12858799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/03/2023]
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Becker C. Clear call. FTC exempts not-for-profits from phone registry rule. Mod Healthc 2003; 33:17. [PMID: 12564457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/20/2023]
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Cloud C. Fund raising hits a privacy barrier. HIPAA rule will force healthcare organizations to rethink development outreach. Mod Healthc 2003; 33:21. [PMID: 12545913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Cloud
- New York-Presbyterian Hospital and Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, USA
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Harrington BJ. HIPAA 101: stories from the field. AHP J 2002:26-9. [PMID: 12233242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/26/2023]
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Gilbert NH. HIPAA 'exception' protects endowments. Provider 2002; 28:92-4. [PMID: 12371077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/26/2023]
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Missed deadline cost St. Louis $207,000 in federal AIDS funds. AIDS Policy Law 2002; 17:5. [PMID: 12400456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/27/2023]
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NYC can't boost fees for commercially-sponsored charities. AIDS Policy Law 2002; 17:5. [PMID: 12400455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/27/2023]
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Becker C. No contest for ex-AHERF chief. Sherif Abdelhak defends himself, stating he intended to keep the healthcare system open for patients and employees. Mod Healthc 2002; 32:6-7, 1. [PMID: 12298358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/19/2023]
Abstract
AHERF was barreling toward bankruptcy before Sherif Abdelhak allegedly raided its charitable endowments, according to prosecutors. His futile attempt to save the system not only failed, but the ensuing bankruptcy compromised the hospital markets in Pittsburgh and Philadelphia, and landed him up to 23 months in jail after pleading no contest in this courtroom.
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Smith MJ. Eight steps to HIPAA compliance. AHP J 2002:34-5. [PMID: 12048758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
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Jaklevic MC. Another battle. HIPAA threatens doc referrals in soliciting donations. Mod Healthc 2002; 32:14-5. [PMID: 12037920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/18/2023]
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Hemelosoet A. [Charity as the calling of the lady: the social commitment of the noblewoman in 19th-century Ghent, 1845-80]. Handel Maatsch Geschied Oudheidk Gent 2002; 56:251-81. [PMID: 17209255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
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Zhou Q, Zeng G. [Modern philanthropical enterprises and social change in southeastern China, 1895-1949]. Shi Xue Yue Kan 2002:84-94. [PMID: 19492482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
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Baker M, Collins M. The governance of charitable trusts in the nineteenth century: the West Riding of Yorkshire. Soc Hist 2002; 27:162-183. [PMID: 21038724 DOI: 10.1080/03071020210128382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
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Retiere JN. [Living one's faith and feeding the poor: the social history of denominational food relief in Nantes since the 1930's]. Geneses 2002:4-29. [PMID: 19496306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
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Xiong Q. [Philanthropy in Hunan during the Qing dynasty]. Shi Xue Yue Kan 2002:82-89. [PMID: 19492479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
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Pedersen S. A surfeit of socks? The impact of the First World War on women correspondents to daily newspapers. Scott Econ Soc Hist 2002; 22:50-72. [PMID: 19489175 DOI: 10.3366/jshs.2002.22.1.50] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
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Blum F. [The changing representations of social work during the 20th century]. Mouv Soc 2002:83-94. [PMID: 17500108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
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Thompson S. Hospital provision, charity and public responsibility in Edwardian Pontypridd. Llafur 2002; 8:53-65. [PMID: 19115535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
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Broccolo BM, Petersen BW. Final HIPAA privacy rules: "How do we get started?". J Health Care Finance 2001; 27:7-23. [PMID: 11434715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/20/2023]
Abstract
This article provides a general overview of the HIPAA privacy standards established by the Final Rules. It also discusses organizational approaches health care providers, more specifically hospitals and health systems, can use to "get started" with their HIPAA compliance effort. It also explores the corresponding human and financial resources that such providers will need to develop and implement the program. While the needs and approaches identified and discussed in this article may also apply to some extent to Covered Entities other than health care providers, this article does not specifically address those considerations in the context of health plans (including employer-sponsored plans), health care clearinghouses, or retail pharmacies.
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Affiliation(s)
- B M Broccolo
- Gardner, Carton & Douglas, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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46
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Attal G, McGinly WC. Is it business as usual? What you need to know about the HHS patient privacy regulations. J Assoc Healthc Philanthr 2001:30-1. [PMID: 11347197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/20/2023]
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47
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Roeder KH, Combre CA. HHS OIG issues advisory opinion approving charitable sponsorship. GHA Today 2001; 45:3, 6. [PMID: 11373963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- K H Roeder
- Powell, Goldstein, Frazer & Murphy LLP, Atlanta, GA, USA
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48
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Becker S. Year 2000--HCFA issues eleven advisory opinions. Health Care Law Mon 2001:11-6. [PMID: 11345893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/20/2023]
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49
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Freeman J. Gifts from industry--look the gift horse in the mouth! Iowa Med 2001; 91:11. [PMID: 11315363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/19/2023]
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50
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Smiley RG. Hidden taxes on gifts. Another stewardship issue. J Assoc Healthc Philanthr 2001:46-7. [PMID: 11187353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/19/2023]
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