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Mermelstein IJ, Preston SD. Using effective psychological techniques to subvert a US sociopolitical context. Behav Brain Sci 2023; 46:e169. [PMID: 37646252 DOI: 10.1017/s0140525x23000869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
Chater & Loewenstein argue for a shift in focus from individual- to structural-level approaches to societal ills. This is valid and important but overlooks the barriers inherent in the current US partisan context. Psychology can be applied to help people of mixed allyship join together, to effectively and quickly force institutions and corporations to accept structural change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilana J Mermelstein
- Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA ; https://sites.lsa.umich.edu/prestos-lab/
| | - Stephanie D Preston
- Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA ; https://sites.lsa.umich.edu/prestos-lab/
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Parker DA, Trotti RL, McDowell JE, Keedy SK, Hill SK, Gershon ES, Ivleva EI, Pearlson GD, Keshavan MS, Tamminga CA, Clementz BA. Auditory Oddball Responses Across the Schizophrenia-Bipolar Spectrum and Their Relationship to Cognitive and Clinical Features. Am J Psychiatry 2021; 178:952-964. [PMID: 34407624 DOI: 10.1176/appi.ajp.2021.20071043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Neural activations during auditory oddball tasks may be endophenotypes for psychosis and bipolar disorder. The authors investigated oddball neural deviations that discriminate multiple diagnostic groups across the schizophrenia-bipolar spectrum (schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorder, psychotic bipolar disorder, and nonpsychotic bipolar disorder) and clarified their relationship to clinical and cognitive features. METHODS Auditory oddball responses to standard and target tones from 64 sensor EEG recordings were compared across patients with psychosis (total N=597; schizophrenia, N=225; schizoaffective disorder, N=201; bipolar disorder with psychosis, N=171), patients with bipolar disorder without psychosis (N=66), and healthy comparison subjects (N=415) from the second iteration of the Bipolar-Schizophrenia Network for Intermediate Phenotypes (B-SNIP2) study. EEG activity was analyzed in voltage and in the time-frequency domain (low, beta, and gamma bands). Event-related potentials (ERPs) were compared with those from an independent sample collected during the first iteration of B-SNIP (B-SNIP1; healthy subjects, N=211; psychosis group, N=526) to establish the repeatability of complex oddball ERPs across multiple psychosis syndromes (r values >0.94 between B-SNIP1 and B-SNIP2). RESULTS Twenty-six EEG features differentiated the groups; they were used in discriminant and correlational analyses. EEG variables from the N100, P300, and low-frequency ranges separated the groups along a diagnostic continuum from healthy to bipolar disorder with psychosis/bipolar disorder without psychosis to schizoaffective disorder/schizophrenia and were strongly related to general cognitive function (r=0.91). P50 responses to standard trials and early beta/gamma frequency responses separated the bipolar disorder without psychosis group from the bipolar disorder with psychosis group. P200, N200, and late beta/gamma frequency responses separated the two bipolar disorder groups from the other groups. CONCLUSIONS Neural deviations during auditory processing are related to psychosis history and bipolar disorder. There is a powerful transdiagnostic relationship between severity of these neural deviations and general cognitive performance. These results have implications for understanding the neurobiology of clinical syndromes across the schizophrenia-bipolar spectrum that may have an impact on future biomarker research.
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Affiliation(s)
- David A Parker
- Departments of Psychology and Neuroscience, Bio-Imaging Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens (Parker, Trotti, McDowell, Clementz); Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Chicago, Chicago (Keedy, Gershon); Department of Psychology, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, Chicago (Hill); Department of Psychiatry, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (Ivleva, Tamminga); Departments of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Conn. (Pearlson); Olin Center, Institute of Living, Hartford Healthcare Corporation, Hartford, Conn. (Pearlson); and Department of Psychiatry, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, Mass. (Keshavan)
| | - Rebekah L Trotti
- Departments of Psychology and Neuroscience, Bio-Imaging Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens (Parker, Trotti, McDowell, Clementz); Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Chicago, Chicago (Keedy, Gershon); Department of Psychology, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, Chicago (Hill); Department of Psychiatry, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (Ivleva, Tamminga); Departments of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Conn. (Pearlson); Olin Center, Institute of Living, Hartford Healthcare Corporation, Hartford, Conn. (Pearlson); and Department of Psychiatry, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, Mass. (Keshavan)
| | - Jennifer E McDowell
- Departments of Psychology and Neuroscience, Bio-Imaging Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens (Parker, Trotti, McDowell, Clementz); Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Chicago, Chicago (Keedy, Gershon); Department of Psychology, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, Chicago (Hill); Department of Psychiatry, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (Ivleva, Tamminga); Departments of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Conn. (Pearlson); Olin Center, Institute of Living, Hartford Healthcare Corporation, Hartford, Conn. (Pearlson); and Department of Psychiatry, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, Mass. (Keshavan)
| | - Sarah K Keedy
- Departments of Psychology and Neuroscience, Bio-Imaging Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens (Parker, Trotti, McDowell, Clementz); Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Chicago, Chicago (Keedy, Gershon); Department of Psychology, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, Chicago (Hill); Department of Psychiatry, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (Ivleva, Tamminga); Departments of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Conn. (Pearlson); Olin Center, Institute of Living, Hartford Healthcare Corporation, Hartford, Conn. (Pearlson); and Department of Psychiatry, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, Mass. (Keshavan)
| | - S Kristian Hill
- Departments of Psychology and Neuroscience, Bio-Imaging Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens (Parker, Trotti, McDowell, Clementz); Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Chicago, Chicago (Keedy, Gershon); Department of Psychology, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, Chicago (Hill); Department of Psychiatry, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (Ivleva, Tamminga); Departments of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Conn. (Pearlson); Olin Center, Institute of Living, Hartford Healthcare Corporation, Hartford, Conn. (Pearlson); and Department of Psychiatry, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, Mass. (Keshavan)
| | - Elliot S Gershon
- Departments of Psychology and Neuroscience, Bio-Imaging Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens (Parker, Trotti, McDowell, Clementz); Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Chicago, Chicago (Keedy, Gershon); Department of Psychology, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, Chicago (Hill); Department of Psychiatry, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (Ivleva, Tamminga); Departments of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Conn. (Pearlson); Olin Center, Institute of Living, Hartford Healthcare Corporation, Hartford, Conn. (Pearlson); and Department of Psychiatry, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, Mass. (Keshavan)
| | - Elena I Ivleva
- Departments of Psychology and Neuroscience, Bio-Imaging Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens (Parker, Trotti, McDowell, Clementz); Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Chicago, Chicago (Keedy, Gershon); Department of Psychology, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, Chicago (Hill); Department of Psychiatry, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (Ivleva, Tamminga); Departments of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Conn. (Pearlson); Olin Center, Institute of Living, Hartford Healthcare Corporation, Hartford, Conn. (Pearlson); and Department of Psychiatry, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, Mass. (Keshavan)
| | - Godfrey D Pearlson
- Departments of Psychology and Neuroscience, Bio-Imaging Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens (Parker, Trotti, McDowell, Clementz); Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Chicago, Chicago (Keedy, Gershon); Department of Psychology, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, Chicago (Hill); Department of Psychiatry, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (Ivleva, Tamminga); Departments of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Conn. (Pearlson); Olin Center, Institute of Living, Hartford Healthcare Corporation, Hartford, Conn. (Pearlson); and Department of Psychiatry, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, Mass. (Keshavan)
| | - Matcheri S Keshavan
- Departments of Psychology and Neuroscience, Bio-Imaging Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens (Parker, Trotti, McDowell, Clementz); Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Chicago, Chicago (Keedy, Gershon); Department of Psychology, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, Chicago (Hill); Department of Psychiatry, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (Ivleva, Tamminga); Departments of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Conn. (Pearlson); Olin Center, Institute of Living, Hartford Healthcare Corporation, Hartford, Conn. (Pearlson); and Department of Psychiatry, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, Mass. (Keshavan)
| | - Carol A Tamminga
- Departments of Psychology and Neuroscience, Bio-Imaging Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens (Parker, Trotti, McDowell, Clementz); Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Chicago, Chicago (Keedy, Gershon); Department of Psychology, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, Chicago (Hill); Department of Psychiatry, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (Ivleva, Tamminga); Departments of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Conn. (Pearlson); Olin Center, Institute of Living, Hartford Healthcare Corporation, Hartford, Conn. (Pearlson); and Department of Psychiatry, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, Mass. (Keshavan)
| | - Brett A Clementz
- Departments of Psychology and Neuroscience, Bio-Imaging Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens (Parker, Trotti, McDowell, Clementz); Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Chicago, Chicago (Keedy, Gershon); Department of Psychology, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, Chicago (Hill); Department of Psychiatry, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (Ivleva, Tamminga); Departments of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Conn. (Pearlson); Olin Center, Institute of Living, Hartford Healthcare Corporation, Hartford, Conn. (Pearlson); and Department of Psychiatry, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, Mass. (Keshavan)
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Daros AR, Haefner SA, Asadi S, Kazi S, Rodak T, Quilty LC. A meta-analysis of emotional regulation outcomes in psychological interventions for youth with depression and anxiety. Nat Hum Behav 2021; 5:1443-1457. [PMID: 34545236 PMCID: PMC7611874 DOI: 10.1038/s41562-021-01191-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Difficulties in applying emotional regulation (ER) skills are associated with depression and anxiety symptoms, and are common targets of treatment. This meta-analysis examined whether improvements in ER skills were associated with psychological treatment outcomes for depression and/or anxiety in youth. A multivariate, random-effects meta-analysis was run using metafor in R. Inclusion criteria included studies that were randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of a psychological intervention for depression and/or anxiety in patients aged 14-24, were peer reviewed, were written in English, measured depression and/or anxiety symptoms as an outcome and measured ER as an outcome. Medline, Embase, APA PsycInfo, CINAHL and The Cochrane Library were searched up to 26 June 2020. Risk of bias (ROB) was assessed using the Cochrane Collaboration Risk of Bias 2.0 tool. The meta-analysis includes 385 effect sizes from 90 RCTs with total N = 11,652. Psychological treatments significantly reduced depression, anxiety, emotion dysregulation (k = 13, Hedges' g = 0.54, P < 0.001, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.30-0.78) and disengagement ER (k = 83, g = 0.24, 95% CI = 0.15-0.32, P < 0.001); engagement ER also increased (k = 82, g = 0.26, 95% CI = 0.15-0.32, P < 0.001). Improvements in depression and anxiety were positively associated with improved engagement ER skills, reduced emotion dysregulation and reduced disengagement ER skills. Sensitivity considered study selection and publication bias. Longer treatments, group formats and cognitive-behavioural orientations produced larger positive associations between improved ER skills and reduced symptoms. ER skill improvement is linked to depression and anxiety across a broad range of interventions for youth. Limitations of the current study include reliance on self-report measures, content overlap between variables and inability to test the directionality of associations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander R Daros
- Campbell Family Mental Health Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Canada.
| | - Sasha A Haefner
- Campbell Family Mental Health Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Canada
- Ontario Institute for Studies in Education, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Shayan Asadi
- Campbell Family Mental Health Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Canada
| | - Sharifa Kazi
- Campbell Family Mental Health Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Canada
| | - Terri Rodak
- CAMH Library, Department of Education, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Canada
| | - Lena C Quilty
- Campbell Family Mental Health Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Endometrial tissue plays an important role in the regulation of female fertility and there is evidence that endometrial pathology (including endometriosis) is closely related to endocrine disorders. On the other hand, various neuroendocrine changes can be significantly affected by psychosocial stress. In connection with these findings, we tested the relationship between neuroendocrine changes, sexual dysfunction, psychosocial/traumatic stress, and dissociative symptoms in women with endometriosis. METHODS A total of 65 patients with endometriosis were included in the study. Clinical examinations were focused on the biochemical analysis of neuroendocrine markers of endometriosis (cancer antigen 125 [CA 125] and cancer antigen 19-9 [CA 19-9]), estradiol, psychometric evaluation of sexual dysfunction, psychosocial/traumatic stress, and dissociative symptoms. RESULTS The results showed significant Spearman correlations between the values of the revised range of sexual difficulties for sexual dysfunction (Revised Female Sexual Distress Scale), psychosocial/traumatic stress (Trauma Symptoms Checklist) (R = 0.31), and dissociative symptoms (Somatoform Dissociation Questionnaire) (R = 0.33). Positive correlations were also found between CA 125 and CA 19-9 (R = 0.63), and between CA 125 and the results of the values of the revised scale of sexual difficulties for sexual dysfunction (Revised Female Sexual Distress Scale) (R = 0.29). Also psychosocial/traumatic stress (Trauma Symptoms Checklist) significantly correlated with CA 125 (R = 0.38) and with CA 19-9 (R = 0.33). CONCLUSION These results represent the first findings regarding the relationship of the neuroendocrine markers CA 125 and CA 19-9 and sexual dysfunction with trauma/stress-related symptoms and dissociative symptoms in women with endometriosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ludek Fiala
- Institute of Sexology, Psychiatric Clinic, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
- Department of Sexology, Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Pilsen, Czech Republic
| | - Jiri Lenz
- Department of Pathology, Znojmo Hospital, Czech Republic
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Bob
- Department of Psychiatry, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Older adults face greater risk of social isolation, but the extent of social isolation among low-income older adults living in social housing is unknown. This study aims to explore the rate of, and risk factors contributing to, subjective social isolation or loneliness among older adults in social housing. METHODS We conducted a cross-sectional study of data collected from a community program held in the common rooms of 55 social housing buildings in 14 communities across Ontario, Canada, from May 2018 to April 2019. Participants were program attendees aged 55 years and older who resided in the buildings. Program implementers assessed social isolation using the 3-Item Loneliness Scale from the University of California, Los Angeles and risk factors using common primary care screening tools. We extracted data for this study from the program database. We compared the rate of social isolation to Canadian Community Health Survey data using a 1-sample χ2 test, and evaluated associations between risk factors and social isolation using univariate and multivariate logistic regressions. RESULTS We included 806 residents in 30 buildings for older adults and 25 mixed-tenant buildings. Based on the 3-Item UCLA Loneliness Scale, 161 (20.0%) of the 806 participants were socially isolated. For those aged 65 and older, the rate of social isolation was nearly twice that observed in the same age group of the general population (36.1% v. 19.6%; p < 0.001). Risk factors were age (65-84 yr v. 55-64 yr adjusted odds ratio [OR] 1.99, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.01-3.93), alcohol consumption (adjusted OR 2.45, 95% CI 1.09-5.54), anxiety or depression (adjusted OR 6.05, 95% CI 3.65-10.03) and income insecurity (adjusted OR 2.10, 95% CI 1.24-3.53). Protective factors were having at least 1 chronic cardiometabolic disease (adjusted OR 0.44, 95% CI 0.24-0.80), being physically active (adjusted OR 0.47, 95% CI 0.30-0.73) and having good to excellent general health (adjusted OR 0.60, 95% CI 0.39-0.90). INTERPRETATION The high rate of social isolation in low-income older adults living in social housing compared with the general population is concerning. Structural barriers could prevent engagement in social activities or maintenance of social support, especially for older adults with income insecurity and anxiety or depression; interventions are needed to reduce subjective social isolation in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gina Agarwal
- Departments of Family Medicine (Agarwal, Pirrie, Angeles, Marzanek), and Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (Agarwal), and Faculty of Health Sciences (Gao), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.
| | - Melissa Pirrie
- Departments of Family Medicine (Agarwal, Pirrie, Angeles, Marzanek), and Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (Agarwal), and Faculty of Health Sciences (Gao), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont
| | - Angela Gao
- Departments of Family Medicine (Agarwal, Pirrie, Angeles, Marzanek), and Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (Agarwal), and Faculty of Health Sciences (Gao), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont
| | - Ricardo Angeles
- Departments of Family Medicine (Agarwal, Pirrie, Angeles, Marzanek), and Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (Agarwal), and Faculty of Health Sciences (Gao), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont
| | - Francine Marzanek
- Departments of Family Medicine (Agarwal, Pirrie, Angeles, Marzanek), and Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (Agarwal), and Faculty of Health Sciences (Gao), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont
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Ravi A, Gorelick J, Pal H. Identifying and Addressing Vicarious Trauma. Am Fam Physician 2021; 103:570-572. [PMID: 33929175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Anita Ravi
- PurpLE Health Foundation, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Harika Pal
- PurpLE Health Foundation, New York, NY, USA
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Al-Ajlouni YA, Park SH, Alawa J, Shamaileh G, Bawab A, El-Sadr WM, Duncan DT. Anxiety and depressive symptoms are associated with poor sleep health during a period of COVID-19-induced nationwide lockdown: a cross-sectional analysis of adults in Jordan. BMJ Open 2020; 10:e041995. [PMID: 33371040 PMCID: PMC7757395 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2020-041995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Jordan, a Middle Eastern country, declared a state of national emergency due to COVID-19 and a strict nationwide lockdown on 17 March 2020, banning all travel and movement around the country, potentially impacting mental health. This study sought to investigate the association between mental health (eg, anxiety and depressive symptoms) and sleep health among a sample of Jordanians living through a state of COVID-19-induced nationwide lockdown. METHODS Using Facebook, participants (n=1240) in Jordan in March 2020 were recruited and direct to a web-based survey measuring anxiety (items from General Anxiety Disorder 7-item (GAD-7) scale instrument), depressive symptoms (items from Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale), sleep health (items from the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index) and sociodemographic. A modified Poisson regression model with robust error variance. Adjusted prevalence ratios (aPRs) and 95% CIs were estimated to examine how anxiety and depressive symptoms may affect different dimensions of sleep health: (1) poor sleep quality, (2) short sleep duration, (3) encountering sleep problems. RESULTS The majority of participants reported having experienced mild (33.8%), moderate (12.9%) or severe (6.3%) levels of anxiety during lockdown, and nearly half of respondents reported depressive symptoms during lockdown. Similarly, over 60% of participants reported having experienced at least one sleep problem in the last week, and nearly half reported having had short sleep duration. Importantly, anxiety was associated with poor sleep health outcomes. For example, corresponding to the dose-response relationship between anxiety and sleep health outcomes, those reporting severe anxiety were the most likely to experience poor sleep quality (aPR =8.95; 95% CI=6.12 to 13.08), short sleep duration (aPR =2.23; 95% CI=1.91 to 2.61) and at least one problem sleep problem (aPR=1.73; 95% CI=1.54 to 1.95). Moreover, depressive symptoms were also associated with poor sleep health outcomes. As compared with scoring in the first quartile, scoring fourth quartile was associated with poor sleep quality (aPR=11.82; 95% CI=6.64 to 21.04), short sleep duration (aPR=1.87; 95% CI=1.58 to 2.22), and experiencing at least one sleep problem (aPR=1.90; 95% CI=1.66 to 2.18). CONCLUSIONS Increased levels of anxiety and depressive symptoms can negatively influence sleep health among a sample of Jordanian adults living in a state of COVID-19-induced nationwide lockdown.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yazan A Al-Ajlouni
- Department of Primary Care and Public Health, Cambridge University, Cambridge, UK
| | - Su Hyun Park
- Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York City, New York, USA
| | - Jude Alawa
- Institute of Public Health, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Ghaith Shamaileh
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Tulane University School of Science and Engineering, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Aziz Bawab
- Presbyterian Hospital, New York City, New York, USA
| | - Wafaa M El-Sadr
- Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York City, New York, USA
- ICAP at Columbia University, New York City, New York, USA
| | - Dustin T Duncan
- Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York City, New York, USA
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Wild J, El-Salahi S, Degli Esposti M, Thew GR. Evaluating the effectiveness of a group-based resilience intervention versus psychoeducation for emergency responders in England: A randomised controlled trial. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0241704. [PMID: 33180798 PMCID: PMC7660584 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0241704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Emergency responders are routinely exposed to traumatic critical incidents and other occupational stressors that place them at higher risk of mental ill health compared to the general population. There is some evidence to suggest that resilience training may improve emergency responders’ wellbeing and related health outcomes. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of a tertiary service resilience intervention compared to psychoeducation for improving psychological outcomes among emergency workers. Methods We conducted a multicentre, parallel-group, randomised controlled trial. Minim software was used to randomly allocate police, ambulance, fire, and search and rescue services personnel, who were not suffering from depression or post-traumatic stress disorder, to Mind’s group intervention or to online psychoeducation on a 3:1 basis. The resilience intervention was group-based and included stress management and mindfulness tools for reducing stress. It was delivered by trained staff at nine centres across England in six sessions, one per week for six weeks. The comparison intervention was psychoeducation about stress and mental health delivered online, one module per week for six weeks. Primary outcomes were assessed by self-report and included wellbeing, resilience, self-efficacy, problem-solving, social capital, confidence in managing mental health, and number of days off work due to illness. Follow-up was conducted at three months. Blinding of participants, researchers and outcome assessment was not possible due to the type of interventions. Results A total of 430 participants (resilience intervention N = 317; psychoeducation N = 113) were randomised and included in intent-to-treat analyses. Linear Mixed-Effects Models did not show a significant difference between the interventions, at either the post-intervention or follow-up time points, on any outcome measure. Conclusions The limited success of this intervention is consistent with the wider literature. Future refinements to the intervention may benefit from targeting predictors of resilience and mental ill health. Trial registration ISRCTN registry, ISRCTN79407277.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Wild
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
| | - Shama El-Salahi
- The Oxford Institute of Clinical Psychology Training and Research, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Michelle Degli Esposti
- Department of Social Policy and Intervention, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Graham R. Thew
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Oxford Health NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, United Kingdom
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Liu C, Wu C, Zheng X, Zeng F, Liu J, Wang P, Zeng F, Yuan L, Zhu F, Gan X, Huang Y. Clinical features and multidisciplinary treatment outcome of COVID-19 pneumonia: A report of three cases. J Formos Med Assoc 2020; 119:1702-1709. [PMID: 32317205 PMCID: PMC7161490 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfma.2020.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Revised: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has caused a pandemic threatening global public health. In the current paper, we describe our successful treatment of three COVID-19 pneumonia patients cases including severe cases and cases with mortality risk factors. One 32-year-old male COVID-19 patient was diagnosed with severe COVID-19 pneumonia and moderate ARDS. The second COVID-19 pneumonia patient had a history of diabetes and chronic bronchitis. The third case of COVID-19 pneumonia was an 82-year old female patient. All three cases had severe COVID pneumonia and therefore were aggressively managed with a multidisciplinary and personalized therapeutic approach that included nutritional support, antiviral pharmacotherapy, active control of comorbidities, prevention of complication development and psychological intervention. Our experience highlights the importance of the use of a multidisciplinary therapeutic approach that tailors to the specific condition of the patient in achieving a favorable clinical outcome.
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MESH Headings
- Adult
- Aged
- Antiviral Agents/administration & dosage
- Betacoronavirus/isolation & purification
- COVID-19
- Comorbidity
- Coronavirus Infections/epidemiology
- Coronavirus Infections/physiopathology
- Coronavirus Infections/psychology
- Coronavirus Infections/therapy
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/epidemiology
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/therapy
- Female
- Humans
- Lung/diagnostic imaging
- Male
- Medicine, Chinese Traditional/methods
- Middle Aged
- Nutritional Support/methods
- Oxygen Inhalation Therapy/methods
- Pandemics
- Patient Care Management/methods
- Patient Care Team/organization & administration
- Pneumonia, Viral/epidemiology
- Pneumonia, Viral/physiopathology
- Pneumonia, Viral/psychology
- Pneumonia, Viral/therapy
- Psychological Techniques
- Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive/epidemiology
- Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive/therapy
- SARS-CoV-2
- Symptom Assessment/methods
- Tomography, X-Ray Computed/methods
- Treatment Outcome
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun Liu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Dazhou Central Hospital, Dazhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Changhui Wu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Dazhou Central Hospital, Dazhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiangde Zheng
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Dazhou Central Hospital, Dazhou, Sichuan, China.
| | - Fanwei Zeng
- Department of Orthopedics, Dazhou Central Hospital, Dazhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Jinping Liu
- Dazhou Vocational College of Chinese Medicine, Dazhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Pingxi Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Dazhou Central Hospital, Dazhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Fanxin Zeng
- Clinical Research Center, Dazhou Central Hospital, Dazhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Lin Yuan
- Department of Nutrition, Dazhou Central Hospital, Dazhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Fangcheng Zhu
- Department of Infectious Disease, Dazhou Central Hospital, Dazhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Xuemei Gan
- Department of Infectious Disease, Dazhou Central Hospital, Dazhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Yucheng Huang
- Department of Radiology, Dazhou Central Hospital, Dazhou, Sichuan, China
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10
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Wyatt TD. Reproducible research into human chemical communication by cues and pheromones: learning from psychology's renaissance. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2020; 375:20190262. [PMID: 32306877 PMCID: PMC7209928 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2019.0262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the lack of evidence that the 'putative human pheromones' androstadienone and estratetraenol ever were pheromones, almost 60 studies have claimed 'significant' results. These are quite possibly false positives and can be best seen as potential examples of the 'reproducibility crisis', sadly common in the rest of the life and biomedical sciences, which has many instances of whole fields based on false positives. Experiments on the effects of olfactory cues on human behaviour are also at risk of false positives because they look for subtle effects but use small sample sizes. Research on human chemical communication, much of it falling within psychology, would benefit from vigorously adopting the proposals made by psychologists to enable better, more reliable science, with an emphasis on enhancing reproducibility. A key change is the adoption of study pre-registration and/or Registered Reports which will also reduce publication bias. As we are mammals, and chemical communication is important to other mammals, it is likely that chemical cues are important in our behaviour and that humans may have pheromones, but new approaches will be needed to reliably demonstrate them. This article is part of the Theo Murphy meeting issue 'Olfactory communication in humans'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tristram D Wyatt
- Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PS, UK
- Centre for Biodiversity and Environment Research, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
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11
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Kaimal G, Carroll-Haskins K, Mensinger JL, Dieterich-Hartwell R, Biondo J, Levin WP. Outcomes of Therapeutic Artmaking in Patients Undergoing Radiation Oncology Treatment: A Mixed-Methods Pilot Study. Integr Cancer Ther 2020; 19:1534735420912835. [PMID: 32316856 PMCID: PMC7177989 DOI: 10.1177/1534735420912835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
A cancer diagnosis can be extremely stressful and life-altering for patients.
Chronically high levels of stress can increase inflammation and affect the
progression of the cancer. Psychosocial interventions could reduce stress and
address cancer patients’ emotional, psychological, and spiritual needs. This
mixed-methods pilot study compared 2 single-session arts-based approaches for
patients in active radiation treatment in a large urban hospital. Participants
were assigned to either the active control of independent coloring or the
therapeutic intervention of open studio art therapy. Participants completed
pre-session and post-session saliva samples and standardized psychosocial
measures of stress, affect, anxiety, self-efficacy, and creative agency. Both
conditions significantly increased participants’ positive affect, self-efficacy,
and creative agency, and decreased negative affect, perceived stress, and
anxiety. No changes of note were seen in the salivary measures. Participants’
narrative responses corroborated the quantitative findings and highlighted
additional benefits such as supporting meaning-making and spiritual insights.
Both arts-based interventions can support the emotional, psychological, and
spiritual needs of cancer patients while each has features that may be more
suited to the needs of certain patients. Further replication of these findings
could support our initial findings that suggest that patients could benefit from
having art studio spaces with art therapists and choices of art materials
available on the oncology unit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Girija Kaimal
- Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA,
USA
- Girija Kaimal, Department of Creative Arts
Therapies, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA-19102, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | - William P. Levin
- Hospital of the University of
Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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Hu Z, Jing Y, Xue Y, Fan P, Wang L, Vanyukov M, Kirisci L, Wang J, Tarter RE, Xie XQ. Analysis of substance use and its outcomes by machine learning: II. Derivation and prediction of the trajectory of substance use severity. Drug Alcohol Depend 2020; 206:107604. [PMID: 31615693 PMCID: PMC7476073 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2019.107604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2019] [Revised: 07/13/2019] [Accepted: 08/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This longitudinal study explored the utility of machine learning (ML) methodology in predicting the trajectory of severity of substance use from childhood to thirty years of age using a set of psychological and health characteristics. DESIGN Boys (N = 494) and girls (N = 206) were recruited using a high-risk paradigm at 10-12 years of age and followed up at 12-14, 16, 19, 22, 25 and 30 years of age. MEASUREMENTS At each visit, the subjects were administered a comprehensive battery to measure psychological makeup, health status, substance use and psychiatric disorder, and their overall harmfulness of substance consumption was quantified according to the multidimensional criteria (physical, dependence, and social) developed by Nutt et al. (2007). Next, high- and low- substance use severity trajectories were derived differentially associated with probability of segueing to substance use disorder (SUD). ML methodology was employed to predict trajectory membership. FINDINGS The high-severity trajectory group had a higher probability of leading to SUD than the low-severity trajectory (89.0% vs 32.4%; odds ratio = 16.88, p < 0.0001). Thirty psychological and health status items at each of the six visits predict membership in the high- or low-severity trajectory, with 71% accuracy at 10-12 years of age, increasing to 93% at 22 years of age. CONCLUSION These findings demonstrate the applicability of the machine learning methodology for detecting membership in a substance use trajectory with high probability of culminating in SUD, potentially informing primary and secondary prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziheng Hu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Computational Chemical Genomics Screen Center, School of Pharmacy, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; NIDA National Center of Excellence for Computational Drug Abuse Research, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Yankang Jing
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Computational Chemical Genomics Screen Center, School of Pharmacy, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; NIDA National Center of Excellence for Computational Drug Abuse Research, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Ying Xue
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Computational Chemical Genomics Screen Center, School of Pharmacy, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; NIDA National Center of Excellence for Computational Drug Abuse Research, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Peihao Fan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Computational Chemical Genomics Screen Center, School of Pharmacy, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; NIDA National Center of Excellence for Computational Drug Abuse Research, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Lirong Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Computational Chemical Genomics Screen Center, School of Pharmacy, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; NIDA National Center of Excellence for Computational Drug Abuse Research, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Michael Vanyukov
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Levent Kirisci
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Junmei Wang
- NIDA National Center of Excellence for Computational Drug Abuse Research, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
| | - Ralph E Tarter
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
| | - Xiang-Qun Xie
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Computational Chemical Genomics Screen Center, School of Pharmacy, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; NIDA National Center of Excellence for Computational Drug Abuse Research, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
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McKay E, Richmond S, Kirk H, Anderson V, Catroppa C, Cornish K. Training attention in children with acquired brain injury: a study protocol of a randomised controlled trial of the TALI attention training programme. BMJ Open 2019; 9:e032619. [PMID: 31806614 PMCID: PMC6924822 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2019-032619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Childhood inattention has been linked with poor academic outcomes, and increased lifetime social, occupational and psychiatric morbidity. Children with an acquired brain injury (ABI) are particularly susceptible to attention deficits and may benefit from interventions aimed at enhancing attention. The primary objective of this study is to evaluate the short-term efficacy of the TALI Train programme, compared with a placebo, on the outcome of attention in children with ABI. METHODS AND ANALYSIS The study is a parallel, double-blind, randomised controlled trial. Participants will consist of 80 children with a diagnosis of ABI aged 4-9 years 11 months. Participants will be randomly allocated to either (1) TALI Train (intervention group), an adaptive game-based attention training programme, or (2) a non-adaptive placebo programme (control group). Both programmes are delivered on a touchscreen tablet, and children complete five 20 min sessions per week for a 5-week period at home. Assessment of selective, sustained and executive attention (primary outcomes), and behavioural attention, working memory, social skills and mathematics ability (secondary outcomes) will occur at baseline, post-training, and at 3-month and 6-month follow-up to assess immediate and long-term efficacy of TALI Train compared with placebo. Assessments will be completed at the Royal Children's Hospital in Melbourne, Australia. All assessments and analyses will be undertaken by researchers blinded to group membership. Latent growth curve modelling will be employed to examine primary and secondary outcomes. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION Ethics approval has been obtained from the Royal Children's Hospital Human Research Ethics Committee (HREC) (38132) and the Monash University HREC (17446). Results will be disseminated through peer-reviewed journals, conference presentations, media outlets, the internet and various community/stakeholder activities. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER ACTRN12619000511134.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin McKay
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, School of Psychological Science, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Sally Richmond
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, School of Psychological Science, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Hannah Kirk
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, School of Psychological Science, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Vicki Anderson
- Clinical Sciences, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, The Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Psychology Service, The Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Cathy Catroppa
- Clinical Sciences, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, The Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Kim Cornish
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, School of Psychological Science, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
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van der Bent SAS, Kemperman PM, Vulink NC, Hoekzema R. [Morgellons, a 'socially transmitted' disease]. Ned Tijdschr Geneeskd 2019; 163:D4109. [PMID: 31750635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Morgellons disease is a controversial condition characterised by a great variety of skin-related symptoms such as wounds, itch and pain and whereby the patient strongly believes these are caused by threads or fibres penetrating the skin. The subject is often discussed in social media, which leads to increasing numbers of patients who think they have the condition. CASE DESCRIPTION A 56-year-old woman had been suffering for three years of compulsive behaviour involving her hair and scratching her skin. She was convinced there were threads running under her skin. She had self-diagnosed 'Morgellons disease'. Psychodermatological treatment led to reduced symptoms. CONCLUSION The majority of medical practitioners believe that Morgellons disease is a type of delusional infestation. Even though there are some medical and non-medical practitioners who take the position that there is an infectious cause, such a cause has never been found.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Rick Hoekzema
- Amsterdam UMC (locatie AMC), Afd. Dermatologie, Amsterdam
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15
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Dudley M, Menzies O, Elder H, Nathan L, Garrett N, Wilson D. Mate wareware: Understanding 'dementia' from a Māori perspective. N Z Med J 2019; 132:66-74. [PMID: 31581183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
AIM To investigate Māori (Indigenous people of Aotearoa New Zealand) understandings of dementia, its causes, and ways to manage a whānau (extended family) member with dementia. METHOD We undertook kaupapa Māori research (Māori informed research) with 223 kaumātua (Māori elders) who participated in 17 focus groups across seven study regions throughout Aotearoa New Zealand and eight whānau from the Waikato region. We audio recorded all interviews, transcribed them and then coded and categorised the data into themes. RESULTS Mate wareware (becoming forgetful and unwell) ('dementia') affects the wairua (spiritual dimension) of Māori. The findings elucidate Māori understandings of the causes of mate wareware, and the role of aroha (love, compassion) and manaakitanga (hospitality, kindness, generosity, support, caring) involved in caregiving for whānau living with mate wareware. Participants perceived cultural activities acted as protective factors that optimised a person's functioning within their whānau and community. CONCLUSION Whānau are crucial for the care of a kaumātua with mate wareware, along with promoting healthy wairua for all. Whanau urgently need information to assist with their knowledge building and empowerment to meet the needs of a member affected by mate wareware. This requires collaborative healthcare practice and practitioners accessing the necessary mātauranga Māori (Māori knowledge) to provide culturally appropriate and comprehensive care for whānau.
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16
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Luo Y, Yang P, Yang Y, He P, Qin M, Wang B, Zhu G, Jia C, Yan Y, Zhou Y, Wang R, Wang A, Zhou X, Peng X. Cognitive and psychological outcomes of pediatric allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation survivors in a single center in China. Medicine (Baltimore) 2019; 98:e17307. [PMID: 31574859 PMCID: PMC6775404 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000017307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
To investigate the cognitive and psychological outcomes of pediatric allogeneic HSCT survivors in China.A total of 135 3 to 18 years old children and adolescents who underwent allo-HSCT and survived at least 3 months post-HSCT were recruited and completed the assessments. Cognitive and psychological functions were assessed via age-appropriate standardized measures. Clinical information was extracted from the medical records.Forty one 3 to 6 years old children completed Psychological Questionnaires for 3 to 6 years Children. The scores of 21(51.2%) children in cognitive development dimension, 18(43.9%) in motor development dimension, 16(39.0%) in language development and social development dimension, 15(36.6%) in emotion and will dimension and 14(34.1%) in living habits dimension were less than the standard. Fifty six 8 to 16 years old children and adolescents completed the Depression Self-rating Scale for Children and 9 (16.1%) of these met the criteria of depression. Sixty nine 7 to 16 years old children and adolescents completed the screening for Child Anxiety Related Disorders and 7 (10.1%) of these met the criteria of anxiety, especially social phobia and school phobia. Eighty nine 6 to 18 years old children and adolescents completed the Symptom Checklist-90 and 43.8% to 77.5% of these experienced mild symptoms like obsession-compulsion (77.5%), hostility (64%), and interpersonal sensitivity (60.7%). Children treated with total body irradiation (TBI) showed more cognitive impairments like motor deficits than those without TBI. Also older children and adolescents had more symptoms like psychoticism.These findings demonstrated cognitive and psychological late effects of pediatric allo-HSCT survivors in a single center in China and highlighted that the survivors conditioned with TBI had more cognitive impairments and older children and adolescents had more symptoms. Early intervention in these children and adolescents might minimize the cognitive losses and psychological effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanhui Luo
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Pediatric Hematology Oncology, National Key Discipline of Pediatrics (Capital Medical University), Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Children, Ministry of Education, Department of Hematology Oncology Center
| | - Peiyi Yang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Pediatric Hematology Oncology, National Key Discipline of Pediatrics (Capital Medical University), Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Children, Ministry of Education, Department of Hematology Oncology Center
| | - Yuting Yang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Pediatric Hematology Oncology, National Key Discipline of Pediatrics (Capital Medical University), Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Children, Ministry of Education, Department of Hematology Oncology Center
| | - Peiling He
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Pediatric Hematology Oncology, National Key Discipline of Pediatrics (Capital Medical University), Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Children, Ministry of Education, Department of Hematology Oncology Center
| | - Maoquan Qin
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Pediatric Hematology Oncology, National Key Discipline of Pediatrics (Capital Medical University), Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Children, Ministry of Education, Department of Hematology Oncology Center
| | - Bin Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Pediatric Hematology Oncology, National Key Discipline of Pediatrics (Capital Medical University), Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Children, Ministry of Education, Department of Hematology Oncology Center
| | - Guanghua Zhu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Pediatric Hematology Oncology, National Key Discipline of Pediatrics (Capital Medical University), Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Children, Ministry of Education, Department of Hematology Oncology Center
| | - Chenguang Jia
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Pediatric Hematology Oncology, National Key Discipline of Pediatrics (Capital Medical University), Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Children, Ministry of Education, Department of Hematology Oncology Center
| | - Yan Yan
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Pediatric Hematology Oncology, National Key Discipline of Pediatrics (Capital Medical University), Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Children, Ministry of Education, Department of Hematology Oncology Center
| | - Yuchen Zhou
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Pediatric Hematology Oncology, National Key Discipline of Pediatrics (Capital Medical University), Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Children, Ministry of Education, Department of Hematology Oncology Center
| | - Ruixin Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Pediatric Hematology Oncology, National Key Discipline of Pediatrics (Capital Medical University), Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Children, Ministry of Education, Department of Hematology Oncology Center
| | - Aihua Wang
- Department of Neurology Center, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health
| | - Xuan Zhou
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Pediatric Hematology Oncology, National Key Discipline of Pediatrics (Capital Medical University), Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Children, Ministry of Education, Department of Hematology Oncology Center
| | - Xu Peng
- Beijing HuiLong Guan Hospital, China
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Shivers CM. Empathy and perceptions of their brother or sister among adolescent siblings of individuals with and without autism spectrum disorder. Res Dev Disabil 2019; 92:103451. [PMID: 31336347 DOI: 10.1016/j.ridd.2019.103451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2018] [Revised: 05/15/2019] [Accepted: 07/11/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although clinicians have hypothesized that siblings of individuals with intellectual and developmental disabilities, including autism spectrum disorder (ASD), may exhibit more empathy and understanding of others, no studies have yet examined empathy among siblings of individuals with ASD. AIMS The current study examined self- reported empathy and feelings about adolescents' brothers or sisters with and without ASD. METHODS AND PROCEDURES Adolescent siblings (age 12-18) of individuals with (n=26) or without ASD (n=48) completed an online survey with measures of empathy and their feelings about their brother or sister, as well as an open ended task asking them for three "magic wishes." OUTCOMES AND RESULTS Siblings of individuals with ASD (ASD- Sibs) reported significantly more perspective-taking than did siblings of typically-developing individuals (TD-Sibs). Perspective-taking was significantly related to feelings of positive affect toward the brother/sister for both groups. ASD-Sibs also were significantly more likely to report wishes related to their family, while TD-Sibs reported more wishes for themselves. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Findings suggest that potentially higher levels of perspective-taking ability among ASD-Sibs may contribute to better understanding of and therefore more positive affect toward their brother or sister with ASD. More research is needed to understand patterns of empathy among ASD-Sibs.
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Moore Simas TA, Brenckle L, Sankaran P, Masters GA, Person S, Weinreb L, Ko JY, Robbins CL, Allison J, Byatt N. The PRogram In Support of Moms (PRISM): study protocol for a cluster randomized controlled trial of two active interventions addressing perinatal depression in obstetric settings. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2019; 19:256. [PMID: 31331292 PMCID: PMC6647165 DOI: 10.1186/s12884-019-2387-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2018] [Accepted: 06/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Perinatal depression, the most common pregnancy complication, is associated with negative maternal-offspring outcomes. Despite existence of effective treatments, it is under-recognized and under-treated. Professional organizations recommend universal screening, yet multi-level barriers exist to ensuring effective diagnosis, treatment, and follow-up. Integrating mental health and obstetric care holds significant promise for addressing perinatal depression. The overall study goal is to compare the effectiveness of two active interventions: (1) the Massachusetts Child Psychiatry Access Program (MCPAP) for Moms, a state-wide, population-based program, and (2) the PRogram In Support of Moms (PRISM) which includes MCPAP for Moms plus a proactive, multifaceted, practice-level intervention with intensive implementation support. METHODS This study is conducted in two phases: (1) a run-in phase which has been completed and involved practice and patient participant recruitment to demonstrate feasibility for the second phase, and (2) a cluster randomized controlled trial (RCT), which is ongoing, and will compare two active interventions 1:1 with ten Ob/Gyn practices as the unit of randomization. In phase 1, rates of depressive symptoms and other demographic and clinical features among patients were examined to inform practice randomization. Patient participants to be recruited in phase 2 will be followed longitudinally until 13 months postpartum; they will have 3-5 total study visits depending on whether their initial recruitment and interview was at 4-24 or 32-40 weeks gestation, or 1-3 months postpartum. Sampling throughout pregnancy and postpartum will ensure participants with different depressive symptom onset times. Differences in depression symptomatology and treatment participation will be compared between patient participants by intervention arm. DISCUSSION This manuscript describes the full two-phase study protocol. The study design is innovative because it combines effectiveness with implementation research designs and integrates critical components of participatory action research. Our approach assesses the feasibility, acceptance, efficacy, and sustainability of integrating a stepped-care approach to perinatal depression care into ambulatory obstetric settings; an approach that is flexible and can be tailored and adapted to fit unique workflows of real-world practices. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02760004, registered prospectively on May 3, 2016.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiffany A. Moore Simas
- University of Massachusetts Medical School, 55 Lake Avenue, Worcester, MA 01655 USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, 119 Belmont Street, Worcester, MA 01605 USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Massachusetts Medical School, 55 Lake Avenue, Worcester, MA 01655 USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Massachusetts Medical School, 55 Lake Avenue, Worcester, MA 01655 USA
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Medical School, 55 Lake Avenue, Worcester, MA 01655 USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, UMass Memorial Health Care, 119 Belmont Street, Worcester, MA 01605 USA
| | - Linda Brenckle
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Massachusetts Medical School, 55 Lake Avenue, Worcester, MA 01655 USA
| | - Padma Sankaran
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Massachusetts Medical School, 55 Lake Avenue, Worcester, MA 01655 USA
| | - Grace A. Masters
- University of Massachusetts Medical School, 55 Lake Avenue, Worcester, MA 01655 USA
| | - Sharina Person
- University of Massachusetts Medical School, 55 Lake Avenue, Worcester, MA 01655 USA
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Medical School, 55 Lake Avenue, Worcester, MA 01655 USA
| | - Linda Weinreb
- Department of Family Medicine and Community Health, University of Massachusetts Medical School, 55 Lake Avenue, Worcester, MA 01655 USA
- Fallon Health, Worcester, MA USA
| | - Jean Y. Ko
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA USA
- U.S. Public Health Service, Comissioned Corps, Maryland, USA
| | | | - Jeroan Allison
- University of Massachusetts Medical School, 55 Lake Avenue, Worcester, MA 01655 USA
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Medical School, 55 Lake Avenue, Worcester, MA 01655 USA
| | - Nancy Byatt
- University of Massachusetts Medical School, 55 Lake Avenue, Worcester, MA 01655 USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, 119 Belmont Street, Worcester, MA 01605 USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Massachusetts Medical School, 55 Lake Avenue, Worcester, MA 01655 USA
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Medical School, 55 Lake Avenue, Worcester, MA 01655 USA
- Department of Psychiatry, UMass Memorial Health Care, 6 Lake Avenue, Worcester, MA 01655 USA
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Novakovic N, Milovancevic MP, Dejanovic SD, Aleksic B. Effects of Snoezelen-Multisensory environment on CARS scale in adolescents and adults with autism spectrum disorder. Res Dev Disabil 2019; 89:51-58. [PMID: 30933867 DOI: 10.1016/j.ridd.2019.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2018] [Revised: 12/30/2018] [Accepted: 03/16/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND New classification system Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders. 5th ed.(DSM - 5) includes sensory problems as one of the symptoms in diagnostic profile of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). Researching the effects of sensory integration treatment may improve new approaches to the individuals with ASD. The objective of this study is to determine the effects of Snoezelen, multisensory environment on the severity of ASD and stereotyped/repetitive behaviours in adolescents and adults using CARS scale. METHOD The study involved 40 subjects with ASD associated with intellectual difficulties of both sexes, aged 15-35. The subjects were randomly divided into two groups: a control one (without treatment) and an experimental one (with treatment). The assessments were rated by CARS (Childhood Autism Rating Scale) before and after the three-month treatment. RESULTS In the experimental group, there was a statistically significant difference of the total CARS score before and after the treatment (p < 0.0005). Comparing the results of both experimental and control groups, a statistically significant difference was found on total CARS score (p < 0.0005). Conslusion: The results in the present study indicate that the continual sessions in Snoezelen room had effects on reducing severity of ASD and repetitive and stereotyped behaviours on CARS scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neda Novakovic
- Day Care Centre for Children and Adolescents with Developmental Disabilities, Svetozara Markovica 85a, 11 000 Belgrade, Serbia.
| | | | - Slavica Djukic Dejanovic
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Svetozara Markovica 69, 34 000 Kragujevac, Serbia.
| | - Branko Aleksic
- Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan.
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Celebi N, Griewatz J, Malek NP, Hoffmann T, Walter C, Muller R, Riessen R, Pauluschke-Fröhlich J, Debove I, Zipfel S, Fröhlich E. Outcomes of three different ways to train medical students as ultrasound tutors. BMC Med Educ 2019; 19:125. [PMID: 31046757 PMCID: PMC6498570 DOI: 10.1186/s12909-019-1556-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2018] [Accepted: 04/15/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In order to provide faculty-wide undergraduate ultrasound training in times of scarce resources, many medical faculties employ trained peer-student tutors to oversee the hands-on training. However, data to guide the training of ultrasound peer-student tutors are scarce. We conducted a prospective quasi-randomized study to assess the gain in theoretical knowledge and practical scanning skills of peer-student tutors who were trained with a course only, an internship only, or the combination of a course and an internship. METHODS A total of 44 peer-student tutors were trained by a one-week course only (C-Group, n = 21), by an internship only (I-Group, n = 10) or by a course and an internship (CI-Group, n = 13). Prior to and after the completion of the training the peer-student tutors completed an MC-test (theoretical knowledge) and an OSCE (practical scanning skills). RESULTS With all three education concepts, the peer-student tutors had significant and comparable gains in theoretical knowledge (C-group + 90%, I-group + 61.5%, CI-group + 114.0%) and practical scanning skills (C-group + 112.0%, I-group + 155.0% and CI-group + 123.5%), all p < 0.001. CONCLUSION Peer-student tutors, who were trained with a course or an internship or a course and internship improved their theoretical knowledge and their practical scanning skills significantly and to a comparable degree.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nora Celebi
- PHV dialysis center Waiblingen, Beinsteiner Straße 8/3, 71334 Waiblingen, Germany
| | - Jan Griewatz
- Competence Centre for University Teaching in Medicine, Baden-Wuerttemberg, Elfriede-Aulhorn-Str. 10, D-72076 Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Nisar Peter Malek
- Department of Internal Medicine I (Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Infectious Diseases), University Hospital Tübingen, Otfried-Müller-Str. 10, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Tatjana Hoffmann
- Department of Internal Medicine I (Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Infectious Diseases), University Hospital Tübingen, Otfried-Müller-Str. 10, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Carina Walter
- Eberhard-Karls University, Geissweg 5/3, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Reinhold Muller
- James Cook University, 1/14-88 McGregor Rd, Smithfield, QLD 4878 Australia
| | - Reimer Riessen
- Department of Internal Medicine VIII (Intensive Care Unit), University Hospital Tübingen, Otfried-Müller-Str. 10, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Jan Pauluschke-Fröhlich
- Department of Womens Health, University Hospital Tübingen, Calwerstraße 7, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Ines Debove
- Department of Neurology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Freiburgstrasse 18, 3010 Bern, CH Switzerland
| | - Stephan Zipfel
- Department of Internal Medicine VI (Psychosomatic Medicine), University Hospital Tübingen, Osianderstr. 5, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Eckhart Fröhlich
- Department of Internal Medicine I (Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Infectious Diseases), University Hospital Tübingen, Otfried-Müller-Str. 10, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
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Abstract
BACKGROUND The protocol of this systematic review will be proposed for assessing the effects of advanced care (AC) on psychological condition in patients with chronic renal failure (CRF) undergoing hemodialysis. METHODS We will search the following electronic databases: MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), Web of Science, Chinese Biomedical Literature Database, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure from inception to the January 30, 2019. Any randomized controlled trials (RCTs) for assessing the effects of AC on psychological condition in patients with CRF undergoing hemodialysis will be fully considered. The methodological quality will be assessed by using Cochrane risk of bias tool. Two independent reviewers will perform the study selection, data extraction, and methodological quality assessment. A third reviewer will be invited to judge the disagreements between 2 reviewers by discussion. RESULTS The protocol of this proposed systematic review will compare the effects of AC on psychological condition in patients with CRF undergoing hemodialysis. The outcomes will comprise of depression. The secondary outcome includes anxiety, health related quality of life, and any adverse events. CONCLUSION The findings of this systematic review will summarize the latest evidence of AC on psychological condition in patients with CRF undergoing hemodialysis. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION All data used in this systematic review will be collected from previous published clinical studies. Thus, no ethic approval is required for this study. The findings of this study will be published at a peer-reviewed journal. PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER PROSPERO CRD42019122275.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yu-xia He
- Department of Nephrology, Yanan University Affiliated Hospital, Yan’an, China
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22
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Flanagan JC, Allan NP, Calhoun CD, Badour CL, Moran-Santa Maria M, Brady KT, Back SE. Effects of oxytocin on stress reactivity and craving in veterans with co-occurring PTSD and alcohol use disorder. Exp Clin Psychopharmacol 2019; 27:45-54. [PMID: 30382728 PMCID: PMC6355345 DOI: 10.1037/pha0000232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and alcohol use disorder (AUD) are highly prevalent and commonly co-occur. The dual diagnosis of PTSD/AUD is associated with serious negative sequalae, and there are currently no effective pharmacological treatments for this comorbidity. Both PTSD and AUD are characterized by dysregulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, which helps modulate stress reactivity. Oxytocin, a neuropeptide that attenuates HPA axis dysregulation, may be beneficial for individuals with co-occurring PTSD/AUD. Thus, the current study examined the effects of intranasal oxytocin (40 IU) as compared with placebo on stress reactivity (e.g., cortisol) as well as subjective alcohol craving in response to a laboratory stress task (Trier Social Stress Task). Participants were 67 male U.S. military veterans with current PTSD and AUD (oxytocin n = 32, placebo n = 35; overall mean age = 49.06 years). Baseline cortisol levels were examined as a moderator of outcome. The findings revealed that oxytocin marginally attenuated cortisol reactivity in response to the stress task. Furthermore, oxytocin's effect was moderated by baseline cortisol level, such that oxytocin mitigated cortisol reactivity to a greater extent among participants with higher, as compared with lower, baseline cortisol. Oxytocin did not reduce craving. Although preliminary, the findings are the first to examine oxytocin in co-occurring PTSD/AUD. The findings from this study contribute to the growing literature examining the potential utility of oxytocin among individuals with psychiatric disorders, such as PTSD and substance use disorders. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved).
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Affiliation(s)
- Julianne C. Flanagan
- Medical University of South Carolina, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences
| | | | - Casey D. Calhoun
- Medical University of South Carolina, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences
| | | | | | - Kathleen T. Brady
- Medical University of South Carolina, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences
- Ralph H. Johnson VAMC
| | - Sudie E. Back
- Medical University of South Carolina, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences
- Ralph H. Johnson VAMC
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23
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Thomson KC, Richardson CG, Gadermann AM, Emerson SD, Shoveller J, Guhn M. Association of Childhood Social-Emotional Functioning Profiles at School Entry With Early-Onset Mental Health Conditions. JAMA Netw Open 2019; 2:e186694. [PMID: 30646194 PMCID: PMC6324314 DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2018.6694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE More than 50% of lifetime mental health disorders develop by early adolescence, and yet it is not well understood how early childhood social-emotional functioning varies in populations or how differences in functioning may be associated with emerging mental health conditions. OBJECTIVES To identify profiles of social-emotional functioning at kindergarten school entry (age 5 years) and to examine to what extent profiles are related to early-onset mental health conditions (ages 6-14 years). DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS This prospective cohort study followed up a population cohort of 34 552 children in British Columbia, Canada, from birth (born 1996-1998) to age 14 years (last follow-up, December 31, 2011). Data were analyzed from the Developmental Trajectories cohort that links British Columbia child development data from the Early Development Instrument (EDI) to British Columbia Ministry of Health and Ministry of Education records. Data were analyzed between May and September 2017. EXPOSURES Early childhood social-emotional functioning (defined as social competence, internalizing, and externalizing symptoms) rated by the children's kindergarten teachers. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Occurrences of physician-assessed mental health conditions throughout childhood and early adolescence, including depression, anxiety, conduct disorder, and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), calculated from billing codes from the International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision recorded in provincial health insurance data. RESULTS Data from 34 323 children (mean [SD] age, 5.7 [0.3] years; 17 538 [51.1%] were boys) were analyzed at kindergarten and followed up to age 14 years (15 204 completed follow-up). Latent profile analysis identified 6 unique social-emotional functioning profiles at school entry, with 41.6% of children (n = 14 262) exhibiting comparative vulnerabilities in internalizing or externalizing behaviors. Prevalence of mental health conditions from ages 6 to 14 years was 4.0% for depression, 7.0% for anxiety, 5.5% for conduct disorder, 7.1% for ADHD, and 5.4% for multiple conditions. Zero-inflated Poisson analyses showed an association between social-emotional functioning profiles at kindergarten school entry and physician-assessed mental health conditions by age 14 years (range of adjusted odds ratios: depression, 1.10 [95% CI, 0.76-1.60] to 2.93 [95% CI, 1.93-4.44]; anxiety, 1.00 [95% CI, 0.74-1.36] to 1.73 [95% CI, 1.11-2.70]; conduct disorder, 2.17 [95% CI, 1.41-3.34] to 6.91 [95% CI, 4.90-9.74]; ADHD, 1.46 [95% CI, 1.11-1.93] to 8.72 [95% CI, 6.46-11.78]; and multiple conditions, 1.20 [95% CI, 0.88-1.63] to 6.81 [95% CI, 4.91-9.44]). Children with higher teacher ratings of aggression and hyperactivity had more frequent consultations for conduct disorder, ADHD, and multiple conditions. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE This study's findings suggest that more than 40% of children enter the school system with relative vulnerabilities in social-emotional functioning that are associated with early-onset mental health conditions. The results raise important questions for using population-level early childhood development monitoring in the context of universal and proactive mental health strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly C. Thomson
- Human Early Learning Partnership, School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Chris G. Richardson
- School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Centre for Health Evaluation and Outcome Sciences, St Paul’s Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Anne M. Gadermann
- Human Early Learning Partnership, School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Centre for Health Evaluation and Outcome Sciences, St Paul’s Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Scott D. Emerson
- Human Early Learning Partnership, School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Jean Shoveller
- School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Martin Guhn
- Human Early Learning Partnership, School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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24
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Tseng WL, Deveney CM, Stoddard J, Kircanski K, Frackman AE, Yi JY, Hsu D, Moroney E, Machlin L, Donahue L, Roule A, Perhamus G, Reynolds RC, Roberson-Nay R, Hettema JM, Towbin KE, Stringaris A, Pine DS, Brotman MA, Leibenluft E. Brain Mechanisms of Attention Orienting Following Frustration: Associations With Irritability and Age in Youths. Am J Psychiatry 2019; 176:67-76. [PMID: 30336704 PMCID: PMC6408218 DOI: 10.1176/appi.ajp.2018.18040491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Childhood irritability is a common, impairing problem with changing age-related manifestations that predict long-term adverse outcomes. However, more investigation of overall and age-specific neural correlates is needed. Because youths with irritability exhibit exaggerated responses to frustrating stimuli, the authors used a frustration functional MRI (fMRI) paradigm to examine associations between irritability and neural activation and tested the moderating effect of age. METHOD The authors studied a transdiagnostic sample of 195 youths with varying levels of irritability (disruptive mood dysregulation disorder, N=52; anxiety disorder, N=42; attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, N=40; and healthy volunteers, N=61). Irritability was measured by parent and child reports on the Affective Reactivity Index. The fMRI paradigm was a cued-attention task differentiating neural activity in response to frustration (rigged feedback) from activity during attention orienting in the trial following frustration. RESULTS Whole-brain activation analyses revealed associations with irritability during attention orienting following frustration. Irritability was positively associated with frontal-striatal activation, specifically in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, inferior frontal gyrus, and caudate. Age moderated the association between irritability and activation in some frontal and posterior regions (the anterior cingulate cortex, medial frontal gyrus, cuneus, precuneus, and superior parietal lobule [F=19.04-28.51, df=1, 189, partial eta squared=0.09-0.13]). Specifically, higher irritability was more strongly related to increased activation in younger youths compared with older youths. CONCLUSIONS Following frustration, levels of irritability correlated with activity in neural systems mediating attention orienting, top-down regulation of emotions, and motor execution. Although most associations were independent of age, dysfunction in the anterior cingulate cortex and posterior regions was more pronounced in young children with irritability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan-Ling Tseng
- From the Department of Health and Human Services, Emotion and Development Branch and Scientific and Statistical Computing Core, NIMH, Bethesda, Md.; the Department of Psychiatry and the Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond; the Department of Psychology, Wellesley College, Wellesley, Mass.; the University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colo.; the Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, Calif.; the Departments of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill; Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta; the Department of Psychology, University of California at Los Angeles; and University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor
| | - Christen M Deveney
- From the Department of Health and Human Services, Emotion and Development Branch and Scientific and Statistical Computing Core, NIMH, Bethesda, Md.; the Department of Psychiatry and the Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond; the Department of Psychology, Wellesley College, Wellesley, Mass.; the University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colo.; the Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, Calif.; the Departments of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill; Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta; the Department of Psychology, University of California at Los Angeles; and University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor
| | - Joel Stoddard
- From the Department of Health and Human Services, Emotion and Development Branch and Scientific and Statistical Computing Core, NIMH, Bethesda, Md.; the Department of Psychiatry and the Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond; the Department of Psychology, Wellesley College, Wellesley, Mass.; the University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colo.; the Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, Calif.; the Departments of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill; Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta; the Department of Psychology, University of California at Los Angeles; and University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor
| | - Katharina Kircanski
- From the Department of Health and Human Services, Emotion and Development Branch and Scientific and Statistical Computing Core, NIMH, Bethesda, Md.; the Department of Psychiatry and the Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond; the Department of Psychology, Wellesley College, Wellesley, Mass.; the University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colo.; the Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, Calif.; the Departments of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill; Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta; the Department of Psychology, University of California at Los Angeles; and University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor
| | - Anna E Frackman
- From the Department of Health and Human Services, Emotion and Development Branch and Scientific and Statistical Computing Core, NIMH, Bethesda, Md.; the Department of Psychiatry and the Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond; the Department of Psychology, Wellesley College, Wellesley, Mass.; the University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colo.; the Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, Calif.; the Departments of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill; Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta; the Department of Psychology, University of California at Los Angeles; and University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor
| | - Jennifer Y Yi
- From the Department of Health and Human Services, Emotion and Development Branch and Scientific and Statistical Computing Core, NIMH, Bethesda, Md.; the Department of Psychiatry and the Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond; the Department of Psychology, Wellesley College, Wellesley, Mass.; the University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colo.; the Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, Calif.; the Departments of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill; Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta; the Department of Psychology, University of California at Los Angeles; and University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor
| | - Derek Hsu
- From the Department of Health and Human Services, Emotion and Development Branch and Scientific and Statistical Computing Core, NIMH, Bethesda, Md.; the Department of Psychiatry and the Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond; the Department of Psychology, Wellesley College, Wellesley, Mass.; the University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colo.; the Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, Calif.; the Departments of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill; Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta; the Department of Psychology, University of California at Los Angeles; and University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor
| | - Elizabeth Moroney
- From the Department of Health and Human Services, Emotion and Development Branch and Scientific and Statistical Computing Core, NIMH, Bethesda, Md.; the Department of Psychiatry and the Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond; the Department of Psychology, Wellesley College, Wellesley, Mass.; the University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colo.; the Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, Calif.; the Departments of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill; Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta; the Department of Psychology, University of California at Los Angeles; and University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor
| | - Laura Machlin
- From the Department of Health and Human Services, Emotion and Development Branch and Scientific and Statistical Computing Core, NIMH, Bethesda, Md.; the Department of Psychiatry and the Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond; the Department of Psychology, Wellesley College, Wellesley, Mass.; the University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colo.; the Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, Calif.; the Departments of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill; Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta; the Department of Psychology, University of California at Los Angeles; and University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor
| | - Laura Donahue
- From the Department of Health and Human Services, Emotion and Development Branch and Scientific and Statistical Computing Core, NIMH, Bethesda, Md.; the Department of Psychiatry and the Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond; the Department of Psychology, Wellesley College, Wellesley, Mass.; the University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colo.; the Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, Calif.; the Departments of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill; Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta; the Department of Psychology, University of California at Los Angeles; and University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor
| | - Alexandra Roule
- From the Department of Health and Human Services, Emotion and Development Branch and Scientific and Statistical Computing Core, NIMH, Bethesda, Md.; the Department of Psychiatry and the Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond; the Department of Psychology, Wellesley College, Wellesley, Mass.; the University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colo.; the Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, Calif.; the Departments of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill; Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta; the Department of Psychology, University of California at Los Angeles; and University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor
| | - Gretchen Perhamus
- From the Department of Health and Human Services, Emotion and Development Branch and Scientific and Statistical Computing Core, NIMH, Bethesda, Md.; the Department of Psychiatry and the Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond; the Department of Psychology, Wellesley College, Wellesley, Mass.; the University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colo.; the Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, Calif.; the Departments of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill; Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta; the Department of Psychology, University of California at Los Angeles; and University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor
| | - Richard C Reynolds
- From the Department of Health and Human Services, Emotion and Development Branch and Scientific and Statistical Computing Core, NIMH, Bethesda, Md.; the Department of Psychiatry and the Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond; the Department of Psychology, Wellesley College, Wellesley, Mass.; the University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colo.; the Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, Calif.; the Departments of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill; Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta; the Department of Psychology, University of California at Los Angeles; and University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor
| | - Roxann Roberson-Nay
- From the Department of Health and Human Services, Emotion and Development Branch and Scientific and Statistical Computing Core, NIMH, Bethesda, Md.; the Department of Psychiatry and the Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond; the Department of Psychology, Wellesley College, Wellesley, Mass.; the University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colo.; the Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, Calif.; the Departments of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill; Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta; the Department of Psychology, University of California at Los Angeles; and University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor
| | - John M Hettema
- From the Department of Health and Human Services, Emotion and Development Branch and Scientific and Statistical Computing Core, NIMH, Bethesda, Md.; the Department of Psychiatry and the Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond; the Department of Psychology, Wellesley College, Wellesley, Mass.; the University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colo.; the Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, Calif.; the Departments of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill; Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta; the Department of Psychology, University of California at Los Angeles; and University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor
| | - Kenneth E Towbin
- From the Department of Health and Human Services, Emotion and Development Branch and Scientific and Statistical Computing Core, NIMH, Bethesda, Md.; the Department of Psychiatry and the Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond; the Department of Psychology, Wellesley College, Wellesley, Mass.; the University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colo.; the Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, Calif.; the Departments of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill; Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta; the Department of Psychology, University of California at Los Angeles; and University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor
| | - Argyris Stringaris
- From the Department of Health and Human Services, Emotion and Development Branch and Scientific and Statistical Computing Core, NIMH, Bethesda, Md.; the Department of Psychiatry and the Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond; the Department of Psychology, Wellesley College, Wellesley, Mass.; the University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colo.; the Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, Calif.; the Departments of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill; Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta; the Department of Psychology, University of California at Los Angeles; and University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor
| | - Daniel S Pine
- From the Department of Health and Human Services, Emotion and Development Branch and Scientific and Statistical Computing Core, NIMH, Bethesda, Md.; the Department of Psychiatry and the Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond; the Department of Psychology, Wellesley College, Wellesley, Mass.; the University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colo.; the Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, Calif.; the Departments of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill; Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta; the Department of Psychology, University of California at Los Angeles; and University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor
| | - Melissa A Brotman
- From the Department of Health and Human Services, Emotion and Development Branch and Scientific and Statistical Computing Core, NIMH, Bethesda, Md.; the Department of Psychiatry and the Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond; the Department of Psychology, Wellesley College, Wellesley, Mass.; the University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colo.; the Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, Calif.; the Departments of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill; Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta; the Department of Psychology, University of California at Los Angeles; and University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor
| | - Ellen Leibenluft
- From the Department of Health and Human Services, Emotion and Development Branch and Scientific and Statistical Computing Core, NIMH, Bethesda, Md.; the Department of Psychiatry and the Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond; the Department of Psychology, Wellesley College, Wellesley, Mass.; the University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colo.; the Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, Calif.; the Departments of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill; Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta; the Department of Psychology, University of California at Los Angeles; and University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor
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25
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Chan O, Lam S. Combination of Psychiatric and Psychological Approaches in the Assessment and Treatment of Sexual Offenders. East Asian Arch Psychiatry 2018; 28:129-133. [PMID: 30563949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
This review discusses the association between mental disorders and sexual offending, and provides an overview of the combination of psychiatric and psychological approaches to assess and treat sexual offenders at the Sex Offender Evaluation and Treatment Unit in Siu Lam Psychiatric Centre in Hong Kong.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Chan
- Department of Forensic Psychiatry, Castle Peak Hospital, Hong Kong
| | - S Lam
- Correctional Services Department, Hong Kong
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26
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Alizadeh Z, Feizi A, Rejali M, Afshar H, Keshteli AH, Adibi P. The Predictive Value of Personality Traits for Psychological Problems (Stress, Anxiety and Depression): Results from a Large Population Based Study. J Epidemiol Glob Health 2018; 8:124-133. [PMID: 30864753 PMCID: PMC7377556 DOI: 10.2991/j.jegh.2017.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2016] [Accepted: 11/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The current study aimed to determine the prognostic values of personality traits for common psychological problems in a large sample of Iranian adult. In a large sample of healthy people (n = 4763) who lived in Isfahan province; the NEO-FFI was used to assess the personality traits; depression and anxiety were assessed using the "Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS)" also stress was measured through Persian validated version of General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12). Receiver Operating Characteristics Curve (ROC) analysis was used as main statistical method for data analysis. ROC analysis showed neuroticism was the best predictor for all psychological problems with highest area under the curve (AUC) (95% confidence interval) for stress, 0.837 (0.837-0.851), anxiety 0.861 (0.847-0.876) and depression 0.833 (0.820-0.846) (p < .001) and the corresponding cut-off points (sensitivity, specificity), were 21.5 (77%, 66%), 22.5 (81%, 77%) and 20.5 (77%, 74%), respectively. Other personality traits were significant protective factors for being affected with psychological problems (p < .001). Similar findings were observed separately in women and men. The present study showed that the neuroticism is significant risk factor for being affected with three psychological problems while other traits are significant protective factors. Personality traits are useful indices for screening psychological problems and an effective pathway toward prevention in general population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeinab Alizadeh
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health, Torbat Heydariyeh University of Medical Sciences, Torbat Heydariyeh, Iran
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Health, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Awat Feizi
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Health, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
- Psychosomatic Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mehri Rejali
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Health, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Hamid Afshar
- Psychosomatic Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | | | - Peyman Adibi
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine and Integrative Functional, Gastroenterology Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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Colombo D, Caltagirone C, Padovani A, Sorbi S, Spalletta G, Simoni L, Ori A, Zagni E. Gender Differences in Neuropsychiatric Symptoms in Mild to Moderate Alzheimer's Disease Patients Undergoing Switch of Cholinesterase Inhibitors: A Post Hoc Analysis of the EVOLUTION Study. J Womens Health (Larchmt) 2018; 27:1368-1377. [PMID: 30085899 PMCID: PMC6247376 DOI: 10.1089/jwh.2017.6420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by progressive cognitive decline, often associated with Behavioral and Psychological Symptoms of Dementia (BPSD). Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors (ChEi) may attenuate cognitive decline and mitigate BPSD. The EVOLUTION group found that the switch from oral ChEi to transdermal rivastigmine patch formulation resulted in improvement/stabilization in the frequency of clinically relevant BPSD, but gender-specific subgroup analyses were not reported. METHODS Participants underwent Neuropsychiatric Inventory to assess the frequency and severity of neuropsychiatric symptoms at baseline and 3 and 6 months after the switch from oral ChEi to transdermal rivastigmine patch. A descriptive post hoc analysis was conducted to assess whether there were gender-based differences in BPSD profile during the 6 months after the switch. RESULTS The entire sample consisted of 475 patients, 274 women and 201 men. Women were on average slightly older and with poorer cognitive performance (60.6% of the women had moderate-AD, defined as Mini-Mental State Examination [MMSE] score of 10-17, vs. 43.8% of men). In mild-AD patients (MMSE score 18-26), the frequency of BPSD did not change significantly over time and an association was found between gender and depression (odds ratio; OR [95% confidence interval; CI] female vs. male = 3.32 [1.44-7.67]), anxiety (2.42 [1.23-4.79]), apathy (2.25 [1.07-4.70]), nighttime behavior disturbances (3.97 [1.66-9.49]), and appetite/eating abnormalities (2.39 [1.10-5.18]). Moderate-AD female patients had euphoria more frequently than male patients (OR [95% CI] female vs. male = 3.67 [1.25-10.74]). The frequency of delusions, anxiety, and irritability decreased during the first 3 months after the switch, independently of gender. CONCLUSION Mild-AD women tended to suffer more frequently from BPSD than men; in the 3 months after treatment switch, moderate-AD patients showed a decrease in delusions, anxiety, and irritability, with no significant differences between genders. Ad hoc studies to investigate this potential gender effect in AD could be well worthwhile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Delia Colombo
- Patient Access, Novartis Farma S.p.A., Origgio, Italy
| | - Carlo Caltagirone
- Neuropsychiatry Laboratory, Department of Clinical and Behavioral Neurology, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
- Department of System Medicine, University of Rome “Tor Vergata,” Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandro Padovani
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Sandro Sorbi
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
- IRCCS Don Gnocchi, Florence, Italy
| | - Gianfranco Spalletta
- Neuropsychiatry Laboratory, Department of Clinical and Behavioral Neurology, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
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Abstract
Anxiety sensitivity (AS) is the perception that anxiety symptoms and experiences have negative consequences, and has been identified as a risk factor for the development of anxiety disorders. AS has been measured in adults and in children, but to date, the construct of parent's sensitivity to their children's anxiety symptoms has not been identified, measured, or evaluated. The current study presents a novel measure of this construct, the Parent Sensitivity to Child Anxiety Index (PSCAI), and an initial evaluation of its psychometric properties. Factor analysis revealed a three-factor structure consisting of parents' concern for physical symptoms, concern of social evaluation, and fear of anxiety symptoms. The PSCAI demonstrated good internal consistency, and was positively correlated with relevant parental constructs such as parental accommodation, anxiety sensitivity, and trait anxiety. This new measurement system opens new avenues for researching the early development of anxiety disorders and the possibility for novel targeted interventions.
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Ahuja KK, Dhillon M, Juneja A, Deepak S, Srivastava G. Subverting Heteronormativity: An Intervention to Foster Positive Attitudes Toward Homosexuality Among Indian College Students. J Homosex 2018; 66:746-768. [PMID: 29863433 DOI: 10.1080/00918369.2018.1484230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Prejudice against gay and lesbian persons remains largely an unaddressed issue in India. This experimental study involved designing, implementing, and assessing the effectiveness of an intervention to foster positive attitudes toward the homosexual community among Indian college students. The experimental group (n = 60) received a three-component module including perspective taking, education, and direct contact with gay and lesbian persons. Attitudes toward homosexuals, empathy, and self-esteem were measured using standardized questionnaires 15 days before the intervention and immediately following the intervention. No intervention was carried out with the control group (n = 55). Their attitudes were measured 15 days apart, parallel to the experimental group. Results showed that attitudes toward homosexuality improved significantly in the experimental group. The control group also showed a significant, but small, improvement in attitudes. Further, levels of empathy were found to increase only in the experimental group. Limitations, future directions, and implications of the study are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanika K Ahuja
- a Lady Shri Ram College for Women , University of Delhi , New Delhi, India
| | - Megha Dhillon
- a Lady Shri Ram College for Women , University of Delhi , New Delhi, India
| | - Anisha Juneja
- a Lady Shri Ram College for Women , University of Delhi , New Delhi, India
| | - Siksha Deepak
- a Lady Shri Ram College for Women , University of Delhi , New Delhi, India
| | - Garima Srivastava
- a Lady Shri Ram College for Women , University of Delhi , New Delhi, India
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Rachyla I, Pérez-Ara M, Molés M, Campos D, Mira A, Botella C, Quero S. An internet-based intervention for adjustment disorder (TAO): study protocol for a randomized controlled trial. BMC Psychiatry 2018; 18:161. [PMID: 29855281 PMCID: PMC5984386 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-018-1751-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2018] [Accepted: 05/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adjustment Disorder (AjD) is a common and disabling mental health problem. The lack of research on this disorder has led to the absence of evidence-based interventions for its treatment. Moreover, because the available data indicate that a high percentage of people with mental illness are not treated, it is necessary to develop new ways to provide psychological assistance. The present study describes a Randomized Controlled Trial (RCT) aimed at assessing the effectiveness and acceptance of a linear internet-delivered cognitive-behavioral therapy (ICBT) intervention for AjD. METHODS A two-armed RCT was designed to compare an intervention group to a waiting list control group. Participants from the intervention group will receive TAO, an internet-based program for AjD composed of seven modules. TAO combines CBT and Positive Psychology strategies in order to provide patients with complete support, reducing their clinical symptoms and enhancing their capacity to overcome everyday adversity. Participants will also receive short weekly telephone support. Participants in the control group will be assessed before and after a seven-week waiting period, and then they will be offered the same intervention. Participants will be randomly assigned to one of the 2 groups. Measurements will be taken at five different moments: baseline, post-intervention, and three follow-up periods (3-, 6- and 12-month). BDI-II and BAI will be used as primary outcome measures. Secondary outcomes will be symptoms of AjD, posttraumatic growth, positive and negative affect, and quality of life. DISCUSSION The development of ICBT programs like TAO responds to a need for evidence-based interventions that can reach most of the people who need them, reducing the burden and cost of mental disorders. More specifically, TAO targets AjD and will entail a step forward in the treatment of this prevalent but under-researched disorder. Finally, it should be noted that this is the first RCT focusing on an internet-based intervention for AjD in the Spanish population. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrial.gov: NCT02758418 . Trial registration date 2 May 2016.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marian Pérez-Ara
- Institut Universitari d’Investigació en Ciències de la Salut (IUNICS), University of Balearic Islands, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Mar Molés
- Universitat Jaume I, Castellón, Spain
| | | | - Adriana Mira
- Universitat Jaume I, Castellón, Spain
- Universidad de Zaragoza, Campus Universitario de Teruel, Teruel, Spain
| | - Cristina Botella
- Universitat Jaume I, Castellón, Spain
- CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Santiago, Spain
| | - Soledad Quero
- Universitat Jaume I, Castellón, Spain
- CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Santiago, Spain
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Moynihan G, O’Reilly K, O’Connor J, Kennedy HG. An evaluation of functional mental capacity in forensic mental health practice: the Dundrum capacity ladders validation study. BMC Psychiatry 2018; 18:78. [PMID: 29580216 PMCID: PMC5870220 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-018-1658-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2017] [Accepted: 03/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Because of the potential gravity of finding a person incompetent, assessment of mental capacity is challenging for clinicians. We aimed to test validity of a new structured professional judgement tool designed to assess functional mental capacity in three domains - finances, welfare and healthcare. METHODS Fifty-five male forensic psychiatric patients with Schizophrenia were interviewed using the Dundrum Capacity Ladders - a new semi-structured interview, and scores were assigned on a stratified scoring system, measuring ability to understand, reason, appreciate the personal importance of the decision at hand and communicate a decision. Data were also gathered pertaining to level of therapeutic security at the time of interview, diagnosis, neurocognitive function and a validated measure of real world function. RESULTS The results show that internal consistency and inter-rater reliability were high for all items. There were correlations between higher scores of functional mental capacity, neurocognitive function and measures of real world function in this population. Correlations were in the range 0.358 to 0.693, effect sizes that were moderate to high. CONCLUSIONS The DUNDRUM Capacity Ladders appear to be a valid measure of functional mental capacity in this population. Further prospective studies of functional mental capacity as a measure of recovery are now required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gearoid Moynihan
- National Forensic Mental Health Service, Central Mental Hospital, Dundrum, Dublin 14, Ireland
| | - Ken O’Reilly
- National Forensic Mental Health Service, Central Mental Hospital, Dundrum, Dublin 14, Ireland
- Department of Psychiatry, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Jane O’Connor
- National Forensic Mental Health Service, Central Mental Hospital, Dundrum, Dublin 14, Ireland
| | - Harry G. Kennedy
- National Forensic Mental Health Service, Central Mental Hospital, Dundrum, Dublin 14, Ireland
- Department of Psychiatry, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
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Jongeneel A, Scheffers D, Tromp N, Nuij C, Delespaul P, Riper H, van der Gaag M, van den Berg D. Reducing distress and improving social functioning in daily life in people with auditory verbal hallucinations: study protocol for the 'Temstem' randomised controlled trial. BMJ Open 2018; 8:e020537. [PMID: 29511020 PMCID: PMC5879499 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2017-020537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Auditory verbal hallucinations (AVH) are prevalent experiences that can induce distress and impede social functioning. While most voice hearers benefit from antipsychotic medication or cognitive-behavioural therapy, additional effective interventions are needed to reduce the burden of experiencing AVH. 'Temstem' is an easily accessible and useable smartphone application that was developed by designers in close cooperation with voice hearers and experts. By using language games, Temstem aims to reduce distress and improve social functioning. METHODS This is a single-blind multicentre randomised controlled trial with two arms: 'Temstem+AVH monitoring' versus 'AVH monitoring' (total n=100). Participants are adult patients who suffer daily from AVH and will be recruited in outpatient units. Primary assessment in daily life is made by the Experience Sampling Method (ESM) and daily monitoring with the PsyMate app. During an ESM period of 6 days, participants assess their mental state (including AVH and context) several times a day by filling in short questionnaires. There are three 6-day ESM periods: at baseline (week 0-1), post-treatment (weeks 5-6) and follow-up (weeks 9-10). In addition, during the entire 10-week study period, all participants monitor their AVH two times a day with a short assessment via the PsyMate app. Participants in the Temstem+AVH monitoring condition are provided with the Temstem app from week 1 to 6. Other assessments made at baseline, post-treatment and follow-up are based on questionnaires and a clinical interview. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION The results from this study will provide an evaluation of the effectiveness of Temstem, a non-invasive and easily accessible app for voice hearers, and insight into the determinants of optimal use. Results will be disseminated unreservedly, irrespective of the magnitude or direction of the effects. This study protocol was approved by the Medical Ethics Committee of the VU University Medical Centre (METC number: 2015.435/NL53684.029.15). TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER ISRCTN75717636; Pre-results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alyssa Jongeneel
- Department of Clinical Psychology, VU University and Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Research and Innovation, Parnassia Psychiatric Institute, The Hague, The Netherlands
| | | | - Nynke Tromp
- Department of Industrial Design, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Chani Nuij
- Department of Clinical Psychology, VU University and Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Philippe Delespaul
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Mondriaan, Heerlen, The Netherlands
| | - Heleen Riper
- Department of Clinical Psychology, VU University and Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Mark van der Gaag
- Department of Clinical Psychology, VU University and Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Research and Innovation, Parnassia Psychiatric Institute, The Hague, The Netherlands
| | - David van den Berg
- Research and Innovation, Parnassia Psychiatric Institute, The Hague, The Netherlands
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Shnitzer-Meirovich S, Lifshitz H, Mashal N. Enhancing the comprehension of visual metaphors in individuals with intellectual disability with or without down syndrome. Res Dev Disabil 2018; 74:113-123. [PMID: 29413426 DOI: 10.1016/j.ridd.2018.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2017] [Revised: 01/09/2018] [Accepted: 01/22/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
This study is the first to investigate the effectiveness of deep and shallow intervention programs in the acquisition of visual metaphor comprehension in individuals with non-specific intellectual disability (NSID; aged 15-59, N = 53) or Down syndrome (DS; aged 15-52, N = 50). The deep intervention program was based on dynamic assessment model for enhancing analogical thinking. The shallow intervention program involves memorizing a metaphorical relationship between pairs of pictures. Visual metaphor comprehension was measured by the construction of a metaphorical connection between pairs of pictures. The results indicated that both etiology groups exhibited poor understanding of visual metaphors before the intervention. A significant improvement was observed in both interventions and both etiology groups, with greater improvement among individuals who underwent the deep processing. Moreover, the latter procedure led to greater generalization ability. The results also indicated that vocabulary contributed significantly to understanding unstudied metaphors and that participants with poorer linguistic abilities exhibited greater improvement in their metaphorical thinking. Thus, individuals with ID with or without DS are able to recruit the higher-order cognitive abilities required for visual metaphor comprehension.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Nira Mashal
- School of Education, Bar Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel; Gonda Multidisciplinary Brain Research Center, Bar Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel.
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Fiest KM, Hitchon CA, Bernstein CN, Peschken CA, Walker JR, Graff LA, Zarychanski R, Abou-Setta A, Patten SB, Sareen J, Bolton J, Marrie RA. Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Interventions for Depression and Anxiety in Persons With Rheumatoid Arthritis. J Clin Rheumatol 2017; 23:425-434. [PMID: 28221313 PMCID: PMC5704737 DOI: 10.1097/rhu.0000000000000489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Psychiatric comorbidities, such as depression and anxiety, are very common in persons with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and can lead to adverse outcomes. By appropriately treating these comorbidities, disease-specific outcomes and quality of life may be improved. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to systematically review the literature from controlled trials of treatments for depression and anxiety in persons with RA. METHODS We searched multiple online databases from inception until March 25, 2015, without restrictions on language, date, or location of publication. We included controlled trials conducted in persons with RA and depression or anxiety. Two independent reviewers extracted information including trial and participant characteristics. The standardized mean differences (SMDs) of depression or anxiety scores at postassessment were pooled between treatment and comparison groups, stratified by active versus inactive comparators. RESULTS From 1291 unique abstracts, we included 8 RA trials of depression interventions (6 pharmacological, 1 psychological, 1 both). Pharmacological interventions for depression with inactive comparators (n = 3 trials, 143 participants) did not reduce depressive symptoms (SMD, -0.21; 95% confidence interval [CI], -1.27 to 0.85), although interventions with active comparators (n = 3 trials, 190 participants) did improve depressive symptoms (SMD, -0.79; 95% CI, -1.34 to -0.25). The single psychological trial of depression treatment in RA did not improve depressive symptoms (SMD, -0.44; 95% CI, -0.96 to 0.08). Seven of the trials had an unclear risk of bias. CONCLUSIONS Few trials examining interventions for depression or anxiety in adults with RA exist, and the level of evidence is low to moderate because of the risk of bias and small number of trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirsten M. Fiest
- From the Departments of *Internal Medicine and †Clinical Health Psychology, College of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, and ‡George and Fay Yee Centre for Health Care Innovation, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada; §Departments of Community Health Sciences and ∥Psychiatry, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta; and ¶Department of Community Health Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Carol A. Hitchon
- From the Departments of *Internal Medicine and †Clinical Health Psychology, College of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, and ‡George and Fay Yee Centre for Health Care Innovation, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada; §Departments of Community Health Sciences and ∥Psychiatry, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta; and ¶Department of Community Health Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Charles N. Bernstein
- From the Departments of *Internal Medicine and †Clinical Health Psychology, College of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, and ‡George and Fay Yee Centre for Health Care Innovation, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada; §Departments of Community Health Sciences and ∥Psychiatry, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta; and ¶Department of Community Health Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Christine A. Peschken
- From the Departments of *Internal Medicine and †Clinical Health Psychology, College of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, and ‡George and Fay Yee Centre for Health Care Innovation, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada; §Departments of Community Health Sciences and ∥Psychiatry, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta; and ¶Department of Community Health Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - John R. Walker
- From the Departments of *Internal Medicine and †Clinical Health Psychology, College of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, and ‡George and Fay Yee Centre for Health Care Innovation, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada; §Departments of Community Health Sciences and ∥Psychiatry, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta; and ¶Department of Community Health Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Lesley A. Graff
- From the Departments of *Internal Medicine and †Clinical Health Psychology, College of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, and ‡George and Fay Yee Centre for Health Care Innovation, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada; §Departments of Community Health Sciences and ∥Psychiatry, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta; and ¶Department of Community Health Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Ryan Zarychanski
- From the Departments of *Internal Medicine and †Clinical Health Psychology, College of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, and ‡George and Fay Yee Centre for Health Care Innovation, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada; §Departments of Community Health Sciences and ∥Psychiatry, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta; and ¶Department of Community Health Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Ahmed Abou-Setta
- From the Departments of *Internal Medicine and †Clinical Health Psychology, College of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, and ‡George and Fay Yee Centre for Health Care Innovation, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada; §Departments of Community Health Sciences and ∥Psychiatry, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta; and ¶Department of Community Health Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Scott B. Patten
- From the Departments of *Internal Medicine and †Clinical Health Psychology, College of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, and ‡George and Fay Yee Centre for Health Care Innovation, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada; §Departments of Community Health Sciences and ∥Psychiatry, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta; and ¶Department of Community Health Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Jitender Sareen
- From the Departments of *Internal Medicine and †Clinical Health Psychology, College of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, and ‡George and Fay Yee Centre for Health Care Innovation, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada; §Departments of Community Health Sciences and ∥Psychiatry, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta; and ¶Department of Community Health Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - James Bolton
- From the Departments of *Internal Medicine and †Clinical Health Psychology, College of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, and ‡George and Fay Yee Centre for Health Care Innovation, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada; §Departments of Community Health Sciences and ∥Psychiatry, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta; and ¶Department of Community Health Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Ruth Ann Marrie
- From the Departments of *Internal Medicine and †Clinical Health Psychology, College of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, and ‡George and Fay Yee Centre for Health Care Innovation, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada; §Departments of Community Health Sciences and ∥Psychiatry, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta; and ¶Department of Community Health Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
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Browne CV, Ka’opua LS, Jervis LL, Alboroto R, Trockman ML. United States Indigenous Populations and Dementia: Is There a Case for Culture-based Psychosocial Interventions? Gerontologist 2017; 57:1011-1019. [PMID: 27048710 PMCID: PMC6281323 DOI: 10.1093/geront/gnw059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2015] [Accepted: 02/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Dementia is an issue of increasing importance in indigenous populations in the United States. We begin by discussing what is known about dementia prevalence and elder family caregiving in American Indian, Alaska Native, and Native Hawaiian populations. We briefly highlight examples of culture-based programming developed to address a number of chronic diseases and conditions that disproportionately affect these communities. These programs have produced positive health outcomes in American Indian, Alaska Native, and Native Hawaiian populations and may have implications for research and practice in the dementia context of culture-based interventions. Evidence-based and culture-based psychosocial programming in dementia care for indigenous populations in the United States designed by the communities they intend to serve may offer elders and families the best potential for care that is accessible, respectful, and utilized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colette V Browne
- Myron B. Thompson School of Social Work, Ha Kūpuna National Resource Center for Native Hawaiian Elders, University of Hawaii, Honolulu
| | - Lana Sue Ka’opua
- Myron B. Thompson School of Social Work, Ha Kūpuna National Resource Center for Native Hawaiian Elders, University of Hawaii, Honolulu
| | - Lori L Jervis
- Department of Anthropology and Center for Applied Social Research, University of Oklahoma, Norman
| | - Richard Alboroto
- Myron B. Thompson School of Social Work, Ha Kūpuna National Resource Center for Native Hawaiian Elders, University of Hawaii, Honolulu
| | - Meredith L Trockman
- Myron B. Thompson School of Social Work, Ha Kūpuna National Resource Center for Native Hawaiian Elders, University of Hawaii, Honolulu
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Pistorello J, Jobes D, Compton S, Locey NS, Walloch JC, Gallop R, Au JS, Noose SK, Young M, Johnson J, Dickens Y, Chatham P, Jeffcoat T, Dalto G, Goswami S. Developing Adaptive Treatment Strategies to Address Suicidal Risk in College Students: A Pilot Sequential, Multiple Assignment, Randomized Trial (SMART). Arch Suicide Res 2017; 22:644-664. [PMID: 29220633 PMCID: PMC6125229 DOI: 10.1080/13811118.2017.1392915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
This pilot study investigated the potential to utilize adaptive treatment strategies for treating moderate to severe suicidal risk among college students. This article will describe the unique study design and report on feasibility and acceptability findings. A 2-stage Sequential Multiple Assignment Randomized Trial (SMART) was conducted: In Stage 1, 62 suicidal college students were randomized to either a suicide-focused or a treatment-as-usual condition (4-8 weeks). Those deemed insufficient responders were re-randomized to one of two Stage 2 interventions-both suicide-focused but one comprehensive and multimodal and the other flexible and theoretically agnostic (4-16 additional weeks). Recruitment rates were high, treatment dropout levels were lower than expected for the setting, study dropouts were rare, and counselors were able to deliver suicide-focused approaches with fidelity. Treatment satisfaction was high among clients and moderately high among counselors. Findings from this pilot show that a SMART is highly feasible and acceptable to suicidal college students, counselors, and campuses.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Maria Young
- University of Nevada, Reno, Counseling Services
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Moreno-Peral P, Conejo-Cerón S, Rubio-Valera M, Fernández A, Navas-Campaña D, Rodríguez-Morejón A, Motrico E, Rigabert A, Luna JDD, Martín-Pérez C, Rodríguez-Bayón A, Ballesta-Rodríguez MI, Luciano JV, Bellón JÁ. Effectiveness of Psychological and/or Educational Interventions in the Prevention of Anxiety: A Systematic Review, Meta-analysis, and Meta-regression. JAMA Psychiatry 2017; 74:1021-1029. [PMID: 28877316 PMCID: PMC5710546 DOI: 10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2017.2509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2017] [Accepted: 06/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Importance To our knowledge, no systematic reviews or meta-analyses have been conducted to assess the effectiveness of preventive psychological and/or educational interventions for anxiety in varied populations. Objective To evaluate the effectiveness of preventive psychological and/or educational interventions for anxiety in varied population types. Data Sources A systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted based on literature searches of MEDLINE, PsycINFO, Web of Science, EMBASE, OpenGrey, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and other sources from inception to March 7, 2017. Study Selection A search was performed of randomized clinical trials assessing the effectiveness of preventive psychological and/or educational interventions for anxiety in varying populations free of anxiety at baseline as measured using validated instruments. There was no setting or language restriction. Eligibility criteria assessment was conducted by 2 of us. Data Extraction and Synthesis Data extraction and assessment of risk of bias (Cochrane Collaboration's tool) were performed by 2 of us. Pooled standardized mean differences (SMDs) were calculated using random-effect models. Heterogeneity was explored by random-effects meta-regression. Main Outcomes and Measures Incidence of new cases of anxiety disorders or reduction of anxiety symptoms as measured by validated instruments. Results Of the 3273 abstracts reviewed, 131 were selected for full-text review, and 29 met the inclusion criteria, representing 10 430 patients from 11 countries on 4 continents. Meta-analysis calculations were based on 36 comparisons. The pooled SMD was -0.31 (95% CI, -0.40 to -0.21; P < .001) and heterogeneity was substantial (I2 = 61.1%; 95% CI, 44% to 73%). There was evidence of publication bias, but the effect size barely varied after adjustment (SMD, -0.27; 95% CI, -0.37 to -0.17; P < .001). Sensitivity analyses confirmed the robustness of effect size results. A meta-regression including 5 variables explained 99.6% of between-study variability, revealing an association between higher SMD, waiting list (comparator) (β = -0.33 [95% CI, -0.55 to -0.11]; P = .005) and a lower sample size (lg) (β = 0.15 [95% CI, 0.06 to 0.23]; P = .001). No association was observed with risk of bias, family physician providing intervention, and use of standardized interviews as outcomes. Conclusions and Relevance Psychological and/or educational interventions had a small but statistically significant benefit for anxiety prevention in all populations evaluated. Although more studies with larger samples and active comparators are needed, these findings suggest that anxiety prevention programs should be further developed and implemented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Moreno-Peral
- Research Unit, Primary Care District of Málaga-Guadalhorce, Málaga, Spain
- Prevention and Health Promotion Research Network, Málaga, Spain
- Institute of Biomedical Research in Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Sonia Conejo-Cerón
- Research Unit, Primary Care District of Málaga-Guadalhorce, Málaga, Spain
- Prevention and Health Promotion Research Network, Málaga, Spain
- Institute of Biomedical Research in Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Maria Rubio-Valera
- Sant Joan de Déu Research Foundation, Barcelona, Spain
- Network for Biomedical Research on Epidemiology and Public Health, Biomedical Research Networking Center for Epidemiology and Public Health, Madrid, Spain
- School of Pharmacy, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Anna Fernández
- Network for Biomedical Research on Epidemiology and Public Health, Biomedical Research Networking Center for Epidemiology and Public Health, Madrid, Spain
- Service of Community Health, Public Health Agency of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Desirée Navas-Campaña
- Research Unit, Primary Care District of Málaga-Guadalhorce, Málaga, Spain
- Prevention and Health Promotion Research Network, Málaga, Spain
- Institute of Biomedical Research in Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Alberto Rodríguez-Morejón
- Prevention and Health Promotion Research Network, Málaga, Spain
- Institute of Biomedical Research in Málaga, Málaga, Spain
- Department of Personality, Evaluation, and Psychological Treatment, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Emma Motrico
- Prevention and Health Promotion Research Network, Málaga, Spain
- Department of Psychology, University Loyola Andalucía, Seville, Spain
| | - Alina Rigabert
- Department of Psychology, University Loyola Andalucía, Seville, Spain
| | - Juan de Dios Luna
- Prevention and Health Promotion Research Network, Málaga, Spain
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Carlos Martín-Pérez
- Prevention and Health Promotion Research Network, Málaga, Spain
- Primary Care Center of Marquesado, Área Nordeste de Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Antonina Rodríguez-Bayón
- Prevention and Health Promotion Research Network, Málaga, Spain
- Primary Care Center of San José, Linares, Jaén, Spain
| | | | - Juan Vicente Luciano
- Prevention and Health Promotion Research Network, Málaga, Spain
- Sant Joan de Déu Research Foundation, Barcelona, Spain
- Teaching, Research & Innovation Unit, Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, St Boi de Llobregat, Spain
| | - Juan Ángel Bellón
- Research Unit, Primary Care District of Málaga-Guadalhorce, Málaga, Spain
- Prevention and Health Promotion Research Network, Málaga, Spain
- Institute of Biomedical Research in Málaga, Málaga, Spain
- Primary Care Center of El Palo, Málaga, Spain
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Public Health and Psychiatry, University of Málaga, Málaga, Spain
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Jia L, Jiang SM, Liu J. Behavioral gastroenterology: An emerging system and new frontier of action. World J Gastroenterol 2017; 23:6059-6064. [PMID: 28970721 PMCID: PMC5597497 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v23.i33.6059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2017] [Revised: 06/28/2017] [Accepted: 07/24/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Behavioral gastroenterology is a new interdisciplinary science that explores the influence of unhealthy lifestyles and psychological factors on the digestive system and addresses the prevention, diagnosis, treatment, and rehabilitation of digestive diseases. Moreover, the concept of whole-course intervention with a focus on disease prevention and a new model of integrated therapy based on alterations of lifestyle and psychology are being gradually established. This paradigm may substantively impact the prevention and treatment of digestive diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Jia
- Department of Gastroenterology, Guangzhou First People’s Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510180, Guangdong Province, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510180, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Shu-Man Jiang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Guangzhou First People’s Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510180, Guangdong Province, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510180, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Jing Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Guangzhou First People’s Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510180, Guangdong Province, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510180, Guangdong Province, China
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Bountress K, Danielson CK, Williamson V, Vladmirov V, Gelernter J, Ruggiero K, Amstadter A. Genetic and psychosocial predictors of alcohol use trajectories among disaster-exposed adolescents. Am J Addict 2017; 26:623-631. [PMID: 28594439 PMCID: PMC5627968 DOI: 10.1111/ajad.12575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2016] [Revised: 03/13/2017] [Accepted: 05/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Adolescent alcohol misuse is associated with numerous long-term adverse outcomes, so we examined predictors of alcohol use among disaster-exposed adolescents, a group at-risk for alcohol misuse. METHODS The current study (n = 332) examined severity of tornado-related exposure, posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms, emotional support, and a genetic risk sum score (GRSS) as predictors of alcohol use trajectories. RESULTS Severity of exposure interacted with the GRSS to predict both intercept (12-month follow up quantity of alcohol use) and growth rate. Emotional support also interacted with adolescent PTSD symptoms to predict intercept and growth rate. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS Adolescents with greater severity of disaster exposure and high genetic risk comprise a high risk group, on which efforts to prevent alcohol use should be focused. Additionally, emotional support is essential in buffering the effects of PTSD symptoms on alcohol use outcomes among adolescents. SCIENTIFIC SIGNIFICANCE Toward the aim of reducing adolescent alcohol misuse following disaster exposure, there is utility in inserting immediate supports (e.g., basic resources) into communities/families that have experienced significant disaster-related severity, particularly among adolescents at high levels of genetic risk for alcohol use/misuse. Additionally, prevention efforts aimed at improving emotional supports for adolescents with more PTSD symptoms may reduce propensity for alcohol misuse following disaster. This information can be easily incorporated into existing web-based interventions. (Am J Addict 2017;26:623-631).
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaitlin Bountress
- National Crime Victim Research and Treatment Center (NCVC) and Technology Applications Center for Healthful Lifestyles (TACHL), Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Carla Kmett Danielson
- National Crime Victim Research and Treatment Center (NCVC) and Technology Applications Center for Healthful Lifestyles (TACHL), Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Vernell Williamson
- Virginia Institute for Psychiatry and Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Vladimir Vladmirov
- Virginia Institute for Psychiatry and Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Joel Gelernter
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Kenneth Ruggiero
- National Crime Victim Research and Treatment Center (NCVC) and Technology Applications Center for Healthful Lifestyles (TACHL), Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
- Ralph H. Johnson VA Medical Center, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Ananda Amstadter
- Virginia Institute for Psychiatry and Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Charleston, South Carolina
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Houtkamp EO, van der Molen MJ, de Voogd EL, Salemink E, Klein AM. The relation between social anxiety and biased interpretations in adolescents with mild intellectual disabilities. Res Dev Disabil 2017; 67:94-98. [PMID: 28672178 DOI: 10.1016/j.ridd.2017.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2016] [Revised: 04/04/2017] [Accepted: 06/08/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cognitive theories of anxiety emphasize the importance of cognitive processes in the onset and maintenance of anxiety disorders. However, little is known about these processes in children and adolescents with Mild Intellectual Disabilities (MID). AIMS The aim of this study was to investigate interpretation bias and its content-specificity in adolescents with MID who varied in their levels of social anxiety. METHOD AND PROCEDURES In total, 631 adolescents from seven special secondary schools for MID filled in questionnaires to measure their levels of social anxiety. They also completed the Interpretation Recognition Task to measure how they interpret ambiguous situations. OUTCOMES AND RESULTS Adolescents with higher self-reported levels of social anxiety interpreted ambiguous scenarios as more negative than adolescents with lower self-reported social anxiety. Furthermore, this negative interpretation was specific for social situations; social anxiety was only associated with ambiguous social anxiety-related scenarios, but not with other anxiety-related scenarios. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS These findings support the hypothesis that socially anxious adolescents with MID display an interpretation bias that is specific for stimuli that are relevant for their own anxiety. This insight is useful for improving treatments for anxious adolescents with MID by targeting content-specific interpretation biases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther O Houtkamp
- Clinical, Neuro, and Developmental Psychology, VU Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | | | - E Leone de Voogd
- Child Development and Education, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Elske Salemink
- Child Development and Education, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Anke M Klein
- Clinical, Neuro, and Developmental Psychology, VU Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Child Development and Education, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Carlson LE, Zelinski EL, Speca M, Balneaves LG, Jones JM, Santa Mina D, Wayne PM, Campbell TS, Giese-Davis J, Faris P, Zwicker J, Patel K, Beattie TL, Cole S, Toivonen K, Nation J, Peng P, Thong B, Wong R, Vohra S. Protocol for the MATCH study (Mindfulness and Tai Chi for cancer health): A preference-based multi-site randomized comparative effectiveness trial (CET) of Mindfulness-Based Cancer Recovery (MBCR) vs. Tai Chi/Qigong (TCQ) for cancer survivors. Contemp Clin Trials 2017; 59:64-76. [PMID: 28576734 PMCID: PMC5639905 DOI: 10.1016/j.cct.2017.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2017] [Revised: 05/26/2017] [Accepted: 05/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE A growing number of cancer survivors suffer high levels of distress, depression and stress, as well as sleep disturbance, pain and fatigue. Two different mind-body interventions helpful for treating these problems are Mindfulness-Based Cancer Recovery (MBCR) and Tai Chi/Qigong (TCQ). However, while both interventions show efficacy compared to usual care, they have never been evaluated in the same study or directly compared. This study will be the first to incorporate innovative design features including patient choice while evaluating two interventions to treat distressed cancer survivors. It will also allow for secondary analyses of which program best targets specific symptoms in particular groups of survivors, based on preferences and baseline characteristics. METHODS AND SIGNIFICANCE The design is a preference-based multi-site randomized comparative effectiveness trial. Participants (N=600) with a preference for either MBCR or TCQ will receive their preferred intervention; while those without a preference will be randomized into either intervention. Further, within the preference and non-preference groups, participants will be randomized into immediate intervention or wait-list control. Total mood disturbance on the Profile of mood states (POMS) post-intervention is the primary outcome. Other measures taken pre- and post-intervention and at 6-month follow-up include quality of life, psychological functioning, cancer-related symptoms and physical functioning. Exploratory analyses investigate biomarkers (cortisol, cytokines, blood pressure/Heart Rate Variability, telomere length, gene expression), which may uncover potentially important effects on key biological regulatory and antineoplastic functions. Health economic measures will determine potential savings to the health system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda E Carlson
- Department of Oncology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada; Cancer Control Board, Alberta Health Services, AB, Canada.
| | - Erin L Zelinski
- Department of Oncology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada; Cancer Control Board, Alberta Health Services, AB, Canada
| | - Michael Speca
- Department of Oncology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada; Cancer Control Board, Alberta Health Services, AB, Canada
| | - Lynda G Balneaves
- College of Nursing, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Jennifer M Jones
- Faculty of Kinesiology and Physical Education, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Daniel Santa Mina
- Faculty of Kinesiology and Physical Education, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Peter M Wayne
- Osher Center for Integrative Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Tavis S Campbell
- Department of Psychology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Janine Giese-Davis
- Department of Oncology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada; Cancer Control Board, Alberta Health Services, AB, Canada
| | - Peter Faris
- Centre for Advancement of Health, Alberta Health Services, AB, Canada
| | - Jennifer Zwicker
- School of Public Policy, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Kamala Patel
- Department of Immunology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Tara L Beattie
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Steve Cole
- Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Kirsti Toivonen
- Department of Psychology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Jill Nation
- Department of Oncology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Philip Peng
- Department of Anesthesia, University of Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Bruce Thong
- Department of Athletics and Recreation, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Raimond Wong
- Department of Oncology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada; Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Sunita Vohra
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Integrative Health Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW There is growing interest in the relationship between anorexia nervosa (AN) and autism spectrum disorder (ASD). This review aimed to synthesise the most recent research on this topic to identify gaps in current knowledge, directions for future research and reflect on implications for treatment. RECENT FINDINGS Eight studies assessing the presence of ASD in AN were identified in the literature along with three studies examining the impact of symptoms of ASD on treatment outcome. Research with young people and using parental-report measures suggest lower rates of co-morbidity than previous adult studies. CONCLUSIONS The wide range of diagnostic tools, methodologies and populations studied make it difficult to determine the prevalence of ASD in AN. Despite this, studies consistently report over-representation of symptoms of ASD in AN. Co-morbid AN and ASD may require more intensive treatment or specifically tailored interventions. Future longitudinal research and female-specific diagnostic tools would help elucidate the relationship between these two disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather Westwood
- Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, SE5 8AF, UK
| | - Kate Tchanturia
- Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, SE5 8AF, UK.
- South London and Maudsley NHS Trust National Eating Disorders Service, Psychological Medicine Clinical Academic Group, London, UK.
- Department of Psychology, Illia State University, Tbilisi, Georgia.
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Yuan M, Sperry L, Malhado‐Chang N, Duffy A, Wheelock V, Farias S, O'Connor K, Olichney J, Shahlaie K, Zhang L. Atypical antipsychotic therapy in Parkinson's disease psychosis: A retrospective study. Brain Behav 2017. [PMID: 28638698 PMCID: PMC5474696 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Parkinson's disease psychosis (PDP) is a frequent complication of idiopathic Parkinson's disease (iPD) with significant impact on quality of life and association with poorer outcomes. Atypical antipsychotic drugs (APDs) are often used for the treatment of PDP; however, their use is often complicated by adverse drug reactions (ADRs). In this study, we present patients with PDP who were treated with the most commonly used atypical antipsychotic agents and review their respective ADRs. METHODS A retrospective study was carried out to include a total of 45 patients with iPD who visited a movement disorders clinic between 2006 and 2015. All PDP patients treated with atypical APDs were included in the analysis for their specific ADRs. RESULTS Forty-five iPD patients (mean age of onset: 62.67 ± 9.86 years) were included, of those 10 patients had psychosis (mean age of onset: 76.80 ± 4.61 years). Of the 45 patients, 22.2% were found to have psychotic symptoms, of whom 70% had hallucinations, 20% had delusions, and 10% illusions. Seventy percent of psychotic symptoms occurred after ten or more years from diagnosis of iPD. PDP patients were treated with quetiapine, olanzapine, and risperidone separately or in combination, all of which were found to have certain ADRs. LIMITATIONS This study was limited by its retrospective study design and small sample size and with likely selection bias. CONCLUSIONS The prevalence of PDP is relatively high in older patients with iPD. The uses of the currently available atypical APDs in this patient population are often complicated by ADRs. The selective 5-HT 2A inverse agonist, pimavanserin, could be a better alternative in the treatment of PDP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Yuan
- Department of NeurologyThe Second Affiliated HospitalUniversity Of South ChinaHengyangHunanChina
- Department of NeurologyUC Davis Medical CenterSacramentoCAUSA
| | - Laura Sperry
- Department of NeurologyUC Davis Medical CenterSacramentoCAUSA
| | | | - Alexandra Duffy
- Department of NeurologyUC Davis Medical CenterSacramentoCAUSA
| | - Vicki Wheelock
- Department of NeurologyUC Davis Medical CenterSacramentoCAUSA
| | - Sarah Farias
- Department of NeurologyUC Davis Medical CenterSacramentoCAUSA
| | - Kevin O'Connor
- Center for Neuroscience and Department of Neurobiology, Physiology and BehaviorUC Davis Medical CenterUC DavisSacramentoCAUSA
| | - John Olichney
- Center for Neuroscience and Department of Neurobiology, Physiology and BehaviorUC Davis Medical CenterUC DavisSacramentoCAUSA
| | - Kiarash Shahlaie
- Department of Neurologic SurgeryUC Davis Medical CenterSacramentoCAUSA
| | - Lin Zhang
- Department of NeurologyUC Davis Medical CenterSacramentoCAUSA
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Daniels J, Turner-Cobb JM. Adjuvant psychological therapy in long-term endocrine conditions. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 2017; 86:772-777. [PMID: 28370206 DOI: 10.1111/cen.13341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2016] [Revised: 03/02/2017] [Accepted: 03/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Consideration of psychological distress in long-term endocrine conditions is of vital importance given the prevalence of anxiety and depression in such disorders. Poor mental health can lead to compromised self-care, higher utilization of health services, lower rates of adherence, reduced quality of life and ultimately poorer outcomes. Adjuvant psychological therapy offers an effective resource to reduce distress in endocrine conditions. While the vast majority of work in this area has focused on psychological screening and intervention in diabetes, identification and recognition of psychological distress are equally important in other endocrinological conditions, with supportive evidence in polycystic ovary syndrome and Addison's disease. Referral pathways and recommendations set out by UK guidelines and the Department of Health mandate requires greater attention across a wider range of long-term endocrine conditions to facilitate improved quality of life and health outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Daniels
- Department of Psychology, The University of Bath, Bath, UK
| | - J M Turner-Cobb
- Department of Psychology, Research Centre for Behaviour Change, Bournemouth University, Bournemouth, UK
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Romero NL. A Pilot Study Examining a Computer-Based Intervention to Improve Recognition and Understanding of Emotions in Young Children with Communication and Social Deficits. Res Dev Disabil 2017; 65:35-45. [PMID: 28433792 DOI: 10.1016/j.ridd.2017.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2016] [Revised: 11/17/2016] [Accepted: 04/10/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A common social impairment in individuals with ASD is difficulty interpreting and or predicting emotions of others. To date, several interventions targeting teaching emotion recognition and understanding have been utilized both by researchers and practitioners. The results suggest that teaching emotion recognition is possible, but that the results do not generalize to non-instructional contexts. This study sought to replicate earlier findings of a positive impact of teaching emotion recognition using a computer-based intervention and to extend it by testing for generalization on live models in the classroom setting. METHOD Two boys and one girl, four to eight years in age, educated in self-contained classrooms for students with communication and social skills deficits, participated in this study. A multiple probe across participants design was utilized. Measures of emotion recognition and understanding were assessed at baseline, intervention, and one month post-intervention to determine maintenance effects. Social validity was assessed through parent and teacher questionnaires. RESULTS All participants showed improvements in measures assessing their recognition of emotions in faces, generalized knowledge to live models, and maintained gains one month post intervention. CONCLUSIONS These preliminary results are encouraging and should be utilized to inform a group design, in order to test efficacy with a larger population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neri L Romero
- College of Education, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, United States.
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW There is growing recognition that eating disorder (ED) symptoms, particularly those of a muscularity-oriented nature, are more common in men than previously understood. The purpose of the current review is to describe contemporary directions and implications of research on traditional and muscularity-oriented ED symptoms among males. RECENT FINDINGS Evidence indicates that ED symptoms occur in a substantial minority of men. Importantly, recent research has focused on muscularity-oriented body image and disordered eating in males, demonstrating the prevalence, correlates, and consequences of maladaptive muscularity-oriented attitudes and behaviors. A growing number of assessments are available to measure these constructs in males, and preliminary treatment considerations have begun to be addressed in the literature. Research on male EDs and body image is increasingly focusing on muscularity-oriented manifestations. Continued empirical work will be critical to improve our understanding of the onset, maintenance, and treatment of muscularity-oriented disordered eating in males.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason M Lavender
- Eating Disorders Center for Treatment & Research, Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, 4510 Executive Drive, Suite 315, San Diego, CA, 92121, USA.
| | - Tiffany A Brown
- Eating Disorders Center for Treatment & Research, Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, 4510 Executive Drive, Suite 315, San Diego, CA, 92121, USA
| | - Stuart B Murray
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco, 3333 California Street, San Francisco, CA, 94118, USA
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Wilde L, Eden K, de Vries P, Moss J, Welham A, Oliver C. Self-injury and aggression in adults with tuberous sclerosis complex: Frequency, associated person characteristics, and implications for assessment. Res Dev Disabil 2017; 64:119-130. [PMID: 28411579 DOI: 10.1016/j.ridd.2017.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2016] [Revised: 02/07/2017] [Accepted: 03/14/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Even though self-injury and aggression are common in tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC), understanding of these behaviours in adults with TSC and intellectual disability (ID) is limited. Little is known about their frequency in comparison to other ID-related genetic disorders or their association with other TSC-Associated Neuropsychiatric Disorders (TAND). This study determined the caregiver-reported frequency of self-injury and aggression in adults with TSC plus ID in comparison to Down syndrome (DS) and Angelman syndrome (AS), and assessed demographic and behavioural characteristics associated with the occurrence of each behaviour in TSC. Rates of self-injury and aggression in adults with TSC plus ID were 31% and 37.9% respectively. The odds of self-injury for adults with TSC were nearly twice as high as the odds for adults with DS, and the odds of aggression were over 2.5 times higher for adults with TSC than for adults with DS. When compared to adults with AS, odds of self-injury in TSC were around half those of the AS group, and odds of aggression were less than a third of those for adults with AS. These differences were not statistically significant. In adults with TSC, poorer communication and socialisation skills, gastric health problems and impulsivity were associated with self-injury; compulsive behaviour and impulsivity were associated with aggression. Caregivers and professionals should be alert to the likelihood of these behaviours in adults with TSC plus ID, and to characteristics associated with increased risk for their occurrence. We suggest assessment strategies to identify those at elevated risk. WHAT THIS PAPER ADDS This paper adds specific examination of behavioural difficulties in adults with tuberous sclerosis complex who also have intellectual disability, a population at heightened risk of adverse behavioural outcomes which has received limited focussed examination to date. Findings support existing suggestions that there is relatively high risk for both self-injury and aggression, and provide novel insight into characteristics that may be associated with the presence of these behaviours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucy Wilde
- Cerebra Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK.
| | - Kate Eden
- Cerebra Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK.
| | - Petrus de Vries
- Division of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, University of Cape Town, 46 Sawkins Road, Rondebosch, Cape Town, 7700, South Africa.
| | - Jo Moss
- Cerebra Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK; Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, University College London, Alexandra House, 17-19 Queen Square, London, WC1N 3AR, UK.
| | - Alice Welham
- Cerebra Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK; Department of Neuroscience, Psychology and Behaviour, University of Leicester, Lancaster Road, Leicester, LE1 7HA, UK.
| | - Chris Oliver
- Cerebra Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK.
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Sánchez JC, Echeverri LF, Londoño MJ, Ochoa SA, Quiroz AF, Romero CR, Ruiz JO. Effects of a Humor Therapy Program on Stress Levels in Pediatric Inpatients. Hosp Pediatr 2017; 7:46-53. [PMID: 27908974 DOI: 10.1542/hpeds.2016-0128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Disease and hospitalization generate stress, which can affect the response to treatment. Humor has been used in many hospitals to decrease stress. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of a humor therapy program on stress levels in pediatric inpatients. METHODS In the first phase, an intervention and a control group were studied over 2 consecutive 3-month periods; the interventions were performed by a team of artists trained in humor therapy. Salivary cortisol levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and the Weisz test, a pictorial chart that determines subjective stress perception, and the Parker test, which assesses objective stress, were applied. In the second phase, salivary cortisol levels were measured and the Weisz test was administered before and after the interventions. RESULTS A total of 306 patients were recruited into this study: 198 in the first phase (94 in the intervention group and 104 in the nonintervention group) and 108 in the second phase. There were no differences between groups regarding age, sex, or medical diagnosis. The children in the intervention group presented lower cortisol levels, lower scores on the Parker test, and higher scores on the Weisz test than children in the nonintervention group. In the second phase, the children showed lower salivary cortisol levels and higher scores on the Weisz test after the intervention. CONCLUSIONS Humor therapy has beneficial effects on stress and cortisol levels in pediatric inpatients. This supports the implementation and reinforcement of these therapies in pediatric hospitals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julio C Sánchez
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Tecnológica de Pereira, Pereira, Colombia
| | - Luis F Echeverri
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Tecnológica de Pereira, Pereira, Colombia
| | - Manuel J Londoño
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Tecnológica de Pereira, Pereira, Colombia
| | - Sergio A Ochoa
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Tecnológica de Pereira, Pereira, Colombia
| | - Andrés F Quiroz
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Tecnológica de Pereira, Pereira, Colombia
| | - César R Romero
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Tecnológica de Pereira, Pereira, Colombia
| | - Joaquín O Ruiz
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Tecnológica de Pereira, Pereira, Colombia
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Kuleshova MV, Rusanova DV, Katamanova EV, Pankov VA, Lakhman OL. [Emotional and physiologic features of civil aviation pilots with neurosensory deafness]. Med Tr Prom Ekol 2017:14-16. [PMID: 30351653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The article presents results of evaluation concerning neurophysiologic and psychoemotional state of pilots with occupational neurosensory deafness. Findings are that pilots with occupational neurosensory deafness demonstrate disorganized type of EEG, supported by fading alpha-rhythm, increased slow wave activity in delta range. Other changes are decreased conduction velocity in distal part of median and ulnar nerves - that indicates development of demyelination processes. Psychologic studies proved that personality structure in pilots with occupational neurosensory deafness has dominant traits of balanced emotional reactions, constructive ways to overcome difficulties.
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Check JH, Jaffe A. Dextroamphetamine sulfate provided quick relief of severe post-partum depression that was recalcitrant to standard antidepressants and psychotherapy. CLIN EXP OBSTET GYN 2017; 44:272-274. [PMID: 29746037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To determine if dextroamphetamine sulfate could improve symptoms of post-partum depression. MATERIALS AND METHODS A woman with severe post-partum depression that was resistant to standard antidepressant therapy and psychotherapy was treated with dextroamphetamine sulfate extended release capsules 15 mg/day. RESULTS A quick and complete abrogation of the depression ensued along with improvement of migraine headaches, insomnia, and chronic fatigue. CONCLUSIONS Dextr6amphetamine sulfate should be considered as a treatment modality for post-partum depression.
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