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Abdulkareem RS, Musafer HK, Al-Ezee AMM. Phenotypic and genetic characterization of a lipolytic Ralstonia mannitolilytica isolate from petroleum-contaminated soil in Iraq. Mol Biol Rep 2024; 51:511. [PMID: 38622444 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-024-09468-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lipases play a crucial role in various industrial applications, and microbial lipases, particularly those from bacteria, possess significant properties. With increasing concerns about the environmental and health impacts of hydrocarbons from pipelines and refineries, there is a growing need to mitigate the risks associated with these compounds. METHODS In this study, 40 bacterial isolates were recovered from contaminated soil samples collected from multiple refineries across Iraq. Using the Vitek system, bacterial isolates were identified up to the species level, revealing that only 12 isolates exhibited lipase-producing capabilities. RESULTS Among the lipase-producing isolates, Ralstonia mannitolilytica demonstrated the highest extracellular lipase activity, as determined by an olive oil plate assay supplemented with rhodamine B. Confirmation of the species identity was achieved through 16S rRNA gene sequencing, with the obtained sequence deposited under accession number LC772176.1. Further sequence analysis revealed single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the genome of Ralstonia mannitolilytica strain H230303-10_N19_7x_R2 (CP011257.1, positions 1,311,102 and 1,311,457). Additionally, the presence of the lipase gene was confirmed through amplification and sequencing using a thermocycler PCR. Sequence analysis of the gene, aligned using Geneious Prime software, identified SNPs (CP010799, CP049132, AY364601, CP011257, and CP023537), and a phylogenetic tree was constructed based on genetic characterization. CONCLUSION Our findings highlight the potential of Ralstonia mannitolilytica as a promising candidate for lipase production and contribute to our understanding of its genetic diversity and biotechnological applications in hydrocarbon degradation and industrial processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruaa Saed Abdulkareem
- Ministry of Oil, Oil Exploration Company, Health, Safety and Environment (HSE) Department, Baghdad, Iraq
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Hayashi W, Kaiju H, Kayama S, Yu L, Zuo H, Sugawara Y, Azuma K, Takahashi A, Hata Y, Sugai M. Complete sequence of carbapenem-resistant Ralstonia mannitolilytica clinical isolate co-producing novel class D β-lactamase OXA-1176 and OXA-1177 in Japan. Microbiol Spectr 2024; 12:e0391923. [PMID: 38483476 PMCID: PMC10986519 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.03919-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024] Open
Abstract
In 2020, the Ralstonia mannitolilytica strain JARB-RN-0044 was isolated from a midstream urine sample of an elderly hospitalized patient in Japan and was highly resistant to carbapenem (i.e., imipenem, meropenem, and doripenem). Whole-genome sequencing revealed that the complete genome consists of two replicons, a 3.5-Mb chromosome and a 1.5-Mb large non-chromosomal replicon which has not been reported in R. mannitolilytica, and referred to as the "megaplasmid" in this study based on Cluster of Orthologous Group of proteins functional analysis. The strain JARB-RN-0044 harbored two novel OXA-60 and OXA-22 family class D β-lactamase genes blaOXA-1176 and blaOXA-1177 on the megaplasmid. Cloning experiments indicated that Escherichia coli recombinant clone expressing blaOXA-1176 gene showed increased minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of imipenem, meropenem, and doripenem, indicating that blaOXA-1176 gene encodes carbapenemase. In contrast, E. coli recombinant clone expressing blaOXA-1177 gene showed increased MICs of piperacillin and cefazolin, but not of carbapenem. Interestingly, the 44.6 kb putative prophage region containing genes encoding phage integrase, terminase, head and tail protein was identified in the downstream region of blaOXA-1176 gene, and comparative analysis with some previously reported R. mannitolilytica isolates revealed that the prophage region was unique to strain JARB-RN-0044. The existence of a highly carbapenem-resistant R. mannitolilytica isolate may raise human health concerns in Japan, where the population is rapidly aging.IMPORTANCERalstonia mannitolilytica is an aerobic non-fermenting Gram-negative rod commonly found in aquatic environments and soil. The bacteria can occasionally cause severe hospital-acquired bloodstream infections in immunocompromised patients and it has been recently recognized as an emerging opportunistic human pathogen. Furthermore, some R. mannitolilytica isolates are resistant to various antimicrobial agents, including β-lactams and aminoglycosides, making antimicrobial therapy challenging and clinically problematic. However, clinical awareness of this pathogen is limited. To our knowledge, in Japan, there has been only one report of a carbapenem-resistant R. mannitolilytica clinical isolate from urine by Suzuki et al. in 2015. In this study, whole-genome sequencing analysis revealed the presence and genetic context of novel blaOXA-1176 and blaOXA-1177 genes on the 1.5 Mb megaplasmid from highly carbapenem-resistant R. mannitolilytica isolate and characterized the overall distribution of functional genes in the chromosome and megaplasmid. Our findings highlight the importance of further attention to R. mannitolilytica isolate in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wataru Hayashi
- Antimicrobial Resistance Research Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Kaiju
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Mie Prefectural General Medical Center, Mie, Japan
| | - Shizuo Kayama
- Antimicrobial Resistance Research Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Liansheng Yu
- Antimicrobial Resistance Research Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hui Zuo
- Antimicrobial Resistance Research Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yo Sugawara
- Antimicrobial Resistance Research Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kaoru Azuma
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Mie Prefectural General Medical Center, Mie, Japan
| | - Akemi Takahashi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Mie Prefectural General Medical Center, Mie, Japan
| | - Yuka Hata
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Mie Prefectural General Medical Center, Mie, Japan
| | - Motoyuki Sugai
- Antimicrobial Resistance Research Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
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Bhatt S, Raj SMP, Faridi N, Pathak D, Agarwal A, Mishra SP. Development of antibody to virulence factor flagellin and its evaluation in screening Ralstonia pseudosolanacearum. Braz J Microbiol 2024; 55:809-821. [PMID: 38233641 PMCID: PMC10920531 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-023-01235-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024] Open
Abstract
The bacterial wilt disease caused by Ralstonia pseudosolanacearum presents a notable economic risk to a variety of crucial crops worldwide. During preliminary isolation of this phytopathogen, several colonies of other saprophytic bacteria may be mistaken with it. So, the present study aims to address this issue by proposing the application of immunogenic proteins, particularly flagellin (FliC), to enable a rapid and early identification of bacterial wilt. In this study, a novel approach is unveiled for the early detection of R. pseudosolanacearum. The study exploits the immunogenic attributes of flagellin (FliC), by generating polyclonal antibodies against recombinant FliC within model organisms-rabbits and mice. The efficacy of these antibodies is meticulously assessed through discerning techniques, including DAS-ELISA and Western blot analyses, which elucidate their remarkable specificity in identifying various R. pseudosolanacearum strains. Furthermore, the introduction of antibody-coated latex agglutinating reagents offers an additional layer of confirmation, substantiating the feasibility of establishing a laboratory-based toolkit for swift screening and unambiguous identification of the bacterial wilt pathogen. This study presents a significant stride toward enhancing early diagnostic capabilities, potentially revolutionizing agricultural practices by safeguarding crop yield and quality through proactive pathogen detection and mitigation strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shalini Bhatt
- P P Savani University, Surat, Gujarat, 394125, India.
- Defence Institute of Bio-Energy Research (DIBER), DRDO, Haldwani, Nainital, Uttarakhand, 263139, India.
| | - S Merwyn P Raj
- Defence Institute of Bio-Energy Research (DIBER), DRDO, Haldwani, Nainital, Uttarakhand, 263139, India
| | - Neha Faridi
- Defence Institute of Bio-Energy Research (DIBER), DRDO, Haldwani, Nainital, Uttarakhand, 263139, India
| | - Dinesh Pathak
- Defence Institute of Bio-Energy Research (DIBER), DRDO, Haldwani, Nainital, Uttarakhand, 263139, India
| | - Ankur Agarwal
- Defence Institute of Bio-Energy Research (DIBER), DRDO, Haldwani, Nainital, Uttarakhand, 263139, India
| | - Shraddha P Mishra
- Defence Institute of Bio-Energy Research (DIBER), DRDO, Haldwani, Nainital, Uttarakhand, 263139, India
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Ren X, Zhou J, Liu T, Zhong C, Wang Y, Yan H, Feng J. Antibacterial activity and action mechanism of curcusionol from Carex siderosticta Hance against Ralstonia nicotianae. Pest Manag Sci 2023; 79:4607-4616. [PMID: 37436717 DOI: 10.1002/ps.7661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2023] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tobacco bacterial wilt is a typical soil-borne disease caused by Ralstonia nicotianae, which causes huge losses in tobacco production every year. The crude extract of Carex siderosticta Hance was shown to have antibacterial activity against R. nicotianae during our search, and the natural antibacterial components were sought after using bioassay-guided fractionation of the compounds. RESULT Ethanol extract of Carex siderosticta Hance with the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) value of 100 μg/mL against R. nicotianae in vitro. The potential of these compounds as antibactericides against R. nicotianae were assessed. Curcusionol (1), showed the highest antibacterial activity against R. nicotianae with MIC value of 12.5 μg/mL in vitro. In the protective effect tests, the control effect of curcusionol (1) was 92.31 and 72.60%, respectively, after application of 7 and 14 days, at a concentration of 1500 μg/mL, being comparable to that of streptomycin sulfate at a concentration of 500 μg/mL, confirming that curcusionol (1) showed the potential for the development of new antibacterial drugs. RNA-sequencing, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis confirmed that curcusionol mainly destroys R. nicotianae cell membrane structure and affects quorum sensing (QS) to inhibit pathogenic bacteria. CONCLUSION This study revealed that the antibacterial activity of Carex siderosticta Hance makes it a botanical bactericide against R. nicotianae, while curcusionol as lead structures for antibacterial development is obvious by its potent antibacterial activity. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingyu Ren
- College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, China
- Provincial Center for Bio-Pesticide Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, China
| | - Juan Zhou
- College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, China
- Provincial Center for Bio-Pesticide Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, China
| | - Ting Liu
- College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, China
- Provincial Center for Bio-Pesticide Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, China
| | - Chenquan Zhong
- College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, China
- Provincial Center for Bio-Pesticide Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, China
| | - Yong Wang
- College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, China
- Provincial Center for Bio-Pesticide Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, China
| | - He Yan
- College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, China
- Provincial Center for Bio-Pesticide Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, China
| | - Juntao Feng
- College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, China
- Provincial Center for Bio-Pesticide Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, China
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Liao L, Lin D, Liu Z, Gao Y, Hu K. A case of meningitis caused by Ralstonia insidiosa, a rare opportunistic pathogen. BMC Infect Dis 2023; 23:548. [PMID: 37608277 PMCID: PMC10464096 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-023-08506-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ralstonia is a genus of Gram-negative opportunistic bacteria that can survive in many kinds of solutions and cause a variety of infections. Ralstonia spp. have increasingly been isolated and reported to cause infections in recent years, thanks to the development of identification methods such as matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) and gene sequencing. However, infections caused by Ralstonia insidiosa are still rare. Only a few cases of respiratory infections and bloodstream infections have been reported, none of which involved meningitis. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first reported case of meningitis caused by R. insidiosa worldwide. It is necessary to report and review this case. CASE PRESENTATION We report a case of meningitis caused by R. insidiosa following lumbar surgery in China. The patient exhibited symptoms of headache, dizziness, and recurrent fever. The fever remained unresolved after empiric antibiotic therapy with intravenous cefotaxime and vancomycin in the initial days. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) culture yielded Gram-negative non-fermentative bacteria, which were identified as R. insidiosa. As there was a lack of antibiotic susceptibility testing results, clinical pharmacists conducted a literature review to select appropriate antibiotics. The patient's condition improved after receiving effective treatment with intravenous cefepime and levofloxacin. CONCLUSIONS Uncommon pathogens, such as R. insidiosa, should be considered in postoperative central nervous system (CNS) infections, particularly in cases with unsatisfactory results of empiric anti-infective therapy. This is the first reported case of meningitis caused by R. insidiosa worldwide. MALDI-TOF MS provides rapid and accurate identification of this pathogen. The antibiotic susceptibility testing results of R. indiosa may be interpreted based on the breakpoints for Pseudomonas spp., Burkholderia cepacia spp., and Acinetobacter spp. Our case presents a potential option for empiric therapy against this pathogen, at least in the local area. This is crucial to minimize the severity and mortality rates associated with meningitis. Standardized antibiotic susceptibility testing and breakpoints for the Ralstonia genus should be established in the future as cases accumulate. Cefepime and levofloxacin may be potential antibiotics for infections caused by R. indiosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindan Liao
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, The First People's Hospital of Neijiang, 641000, Neijiang, China
| | - Dan Lin
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, The First People's Hospital of Neijiang, 641000, Neijiang, China
| | - Zhiqiang Liu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, The First People's Hospital of Neijiang, 641000, Neijiang, China
| | - Yan Gao
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, The First People's Hospital of Neijiang, 641000, Neijiang, China
| | - Kezhang Hu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, The First People's Hospital of Neijiang, 641000, Neijiang, China.
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Vogelaar MAW, van de Bilt JLJ, Blom NI, Pel MJC, van Doorn BJA, Landman NM, Gorkink-Smits PPMA, Raaymakers TM, Vreeburg RAM, Bergsma-Vlami M. Presence of Ralstonia pseudosolanacearum (Phylotype I) in Aquatic Environments in the Netherlands. Plant Dis 2023; 107:2320-2324. [PMID: 36647186 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-11-22-2628-sc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Ralstonia pseudosolanacearum, a European Union quarantine organism, was until recently absent in the aquatic environments and outdoor cultivation systems of the region. This bacterium was only sporadically reported in restricted greenhouse cultivation systems in some EU countries. In this paper, we report the first findings of R. pseudosolanacearum (phylotype I) in surface water in two distinct geographic locations in the Netherlands in 2020. In 2021, the population of R. pseudosolanacearum in surface water ranged from 104 to 106 CFU/liter. An inoculum reservoir for R. pseudosolanacearum in these aquatic environments was the wild bittersweet plant where population densities ranged from 105 to 107 CFU/ml concentrated bittersweet extract. The virulence of the R. pseudosolanacearum isolates from surface water and bittersweet was confirmed by a pathogenicity test on Solanum lycopersicum cv. Moneymaker plants, resulting in wilting and necrosis of the plants. Sequence analysis of the egl locus of R. pseudosolanacearum isolates from surface water and bittersweet revealed that these isolates are closely related to R. pseudosolanacearum (phylotype I) isolates found previously in the Netherlands on rose. R. pseudosolanacearum (phylotype I) has a very broad host plant range, including potato, many ornamentals, and other economically important crops. This highlights the risk for various host plants grown in the vicinity of the geographic locations where R. pseudosolanacearum has been found and shows the importance of unraveling the epidemiological parameters of the survival, establishment, and spread of R. pseudosolanacearum in temperate climates.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A W Vogelaar
- Netherlands Institute for Vectors, Invasive Plants and Plant Health (NIVIP), 6700 HC Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - J L J van de Bilt
- Netherlands Institute for Vectors, Invasive Plants and Plant Health (NIVIP), 6700 HC Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - N I Blom
- Netherlands Institute for Vectors, Invasive Plants and Plant Health (NIVIP), 6700 HC Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - M J C Pel
- Netherlands Institute for Vectors, Invasive Plants and Plant Health (NIVIP), 6700 HC Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - B J A van Doorn
- Netherlands Institute for Vectors, Invasive Plants and Plant Health (NIVIP), 6700 HC Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - N M Landman
- Netherlands Institute for Vectors, Invasive Plants and Plant Health (NIVIP), 6700 HC Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - P P M A Gorkink-Smits
- Netherlands Institute for Vectors, Invasive Plants and Plant Health (NIVIP), 6700 HC Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - T M Raaymakers
- Netherlands Institute for Vectors, Invasive Plants and Plant Health (NIVIP), 6700 HC Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - R A M Vreeburg
- Dutch General Inspection Service (NAK), 8304 AS Emmeloord, the Netherlands
| | - M Bergsma-Vlami
- Netherlands Institute for Vectors, Invasive Plants and Plant Health (NIVIP), 6700 HC Wageningen, the Netherlands
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Rajni E, Goel P, Sarna MK, Jorwal A, Sharma C, Rijhwani P. The genus Ralstonia: The new kid on the block. J R Coll Physicians Edinb 2023; 53:44-52. [PMID: 36683331 DOI: 10.1177/14782715221145579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The genus Ralstonia comprises of aerobic, gram-negative, oxidase positive, nonfermentative, largely environmental organisms. They are an emerging pathogen in the hospital setting and are increasingly associated with opportunistic infections and outbreaks. We hereby present a case series of six patients diagnosed with bacteraemia caused by Ralstonia spp. and a brief review of literature. These cases highlight that isolation of a nonfermenting gram-negative bacillus from blood culture of a patient admitted in critical care setting should not be ignored as mere contaminant. Clinicians and microbiologists need to work as a team to combat this novel bug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekadashi Rajni
- Mahatma Gandhi University of Medical Science & Technology, Jaipur, India
| | - Pallaavi Goel
- Mahatma Gandhi University of Medical Science & Technology, Jaipur, India
| | - Mukesh Kumar Sarna
- Mahatma Gandhi University of Medical Science & Technology, Jaipur, India
| | - Ayushi Jorwal
- Mahatma Gandhi University of Medical Science & Technology, Jaipur, India
| | - Chinkle Sharma
- Mahatma Gandhi University of Medical Science & Technology, Jaipur, India
| | - Puneet Rijhwani
- Mahatma Gandhi University of Medical Science & Technology, Jaipur, India
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Yamamoto S, Tate M, Hotokebuchi N, Nakamura K. Acute focal bacterial nephritis caused by Ralstonia insidiosa in a 9-year-old boy. Pediatr Int 2023; 65:e15606. [PMID: 37589375 DOI: 10.1111/ped.15606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Revised: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Shungo Yamamoto
- Department of Pediatrics, Miyazaki Prefectural Nobeoka Hospital, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Mayumi Tate
- Department of Pediatrics, Miyazaki Prefectural Nobeoka Hospital, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Naoto Hotokebuchi
- Department of Pediatrics, Miyazaki Prefectural Nobeoka Hospital, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Kenji Nakamura
- Department of Pediatrics, Miyazaki Prefectural Nobeoka Hospital, Miyazaki, Japan
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Hayes MM, Dewberry RJ, Babujee L, Moritz R, Allen C. Validating Methods To Eradicate Plant-Pathogenic Ralstonia Strains Reveals that Growth In Planta Increases Bacterial Stress Tolerance. Microbiol Spectr 2022; 10:e0227022. [PMID: 36453936 PMCID: PMC9769772 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.02270-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant-pathogenic bacteria in the Ralstonia solanacearum species complex (RSSC) cause highly destructive bacterial wilt disease of diverse crops. Wilt disease prevention and management is difficult because RSSC persists in soil, water, and plant material. Growers need practical methods to kill these pathogens in irrigation water, a common source of disease outbreaks. Additionally, the R. solanacearum race 3 biovar 2 (R3bv2) subgroup is a quarantine pest in many countries and a highly regulated select agent pathogen in the United States. Plant protection officials and researchers need validated protocols to eradicate R3bv2 for regulatory compliance. To meet these needs, we measured the survival of four R3bv2 and three phylotype I RSSC strains following treatment with hydrogen peroxide, stabilized hydrogen peroxide (Huwa-San), active chlorine, heat, UV radiation, and desiccation. No surviving RSSC cells were detected after cultured bacteria were exposed for 10 min to 400 ppm hydrogen peroxide, 50 ppm Huwa-San, 50 ppm active chlorine, or temperatures above 50°C. RSSC cells on agar plates were eradicated by 30 s of UV irradiation and killed by desiccation on most biotic and all abiotic surfaces tested. RSSC bacteria did not survive the cell lysis steps of four nucleic acid extraction protocols. However, bacteria in planta were more difficult to kill. Stems of infected tomato plants contained a subpopulation of bacteria with increased tolerance of heat and UV light, but not oxidative stress. This result has significant management implications. We demonstrate the utility of these protocols for compliance with select agent research regulations and for management of a bacterial wilt outbreak in the field. IMPORTANCE Bacteria in the Ralstonia solanacearum species complex (RSSC) are globally distributed and cause destructive vascular wilt diseases of many high-value crops. These aggressive pathogens spread in diseased plant material and via contaminated soil, tools, and irrigation water. A subgroup of the RSSC, race 3 biovar 2, is a European and Canadian quarantine pathogen and a U.S. select agent subject to stringent and constantly evolving regulations intended to prevent pathogen introduction or release. We validated eradication and inactivation methods that can be used by (i) growers seeking to disinfest water and manage bacterial wilt disease outbreaks, (ii) researchers who must remain in compliance with regulations, and (iii) regulators who are expected to define containment practices. Relevant to all these stakeholders, we show that while cultured RSSC cells are sensitive to relatively low levels of oxidative chemicals, desiccation, and heat, more aggressive treatment, such as autoclaving or incineration, is required to eradicate plant-pathogenic Ralstonia growing inside plant material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madeline M. Hayes
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Ronnie J. Dewberry
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Lavanya Babujee
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Rebecca Moritz
- Select Agent Program, Environment, Health, and Safety, University of Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Caitilyn Allen
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
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Sharma K, Iruegas-Bocardo F, Abdurahman A, Alcalá-Briseño RI, Garrett KA, Goss EM, Ngundo G, Kreuze J, Atieno E, Munguti F. Ralstonia Strains from Potato-Growing Regions of Kenya Reveal Two Phylotypes and Epidemic Clonality of Phylotype II Sequevar 1 Strains. Phytopathology 2022; 112:1640-1650. [PMID: 35522048 DOI: 10.1094/phyto-08-21-0339-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Bacterial wilt, caused by the Ralstonia solanacearum species complex (RSSC), is the most destructive potato disease in Kenya. Studies were conducted to (i) determine the molecular diversity of RSSC strains associated with bacterial wilt of potato in Kenya, (ii) generate an RSSC distribution map for epidemiological inference, and (iii) determine whether phylotype II sequevar 1 strains exhibit epidemic clonality. Surveys were conducted in 2018 and 2019, in which tubers from wilting potato plants and stem samples of potential alternative hosts were collected for pathogen isolation. The pathogen was phylotyped by multiplex PCR and 536 RSSC strains typed at a sequevar level. Two RSSC phylotypes were identified, phylotype II (98.4%, n = 506 [sequevar 1 (n = 505) and sequevar 2 (n = 1)]) and phylotype I (1.6%, n = 30 [sequevar 13 (n = 9) and a new sequevar (n = 21)]). The phylotype II sequevar 1 strains were haplotyped using multilocus tandem repeat sequence typing (TRST) schemes. The TRST scheme identified 51 TRST profiles within the phylotype II sequevar 1 strains with a modest diversity index (HGDI = 0.87), confirming the epidemic clonality of RSSC phylotype II sequevar 1 strains in Kenya. A minimum spanning tree and mapping of the TRST profiles revealed that TRST27 '8-5-12-7-5' is the primary founder of the clonal complex of RSSC phylotype II sequevar 1 and is widely distributed via latently infected seed tubers. [Formula: see text] Copyright © 2022 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kalpana Sharma
- Consultative Group for International Agricultural Research (CGIAR) Research Program on Roots, Tubers and Bananas (RTB), Centro Internacional de la Papa, Nairobi, Kenya, Lima, Peru
- International Potato Center (CIP), Sub-Saharan Africa Regional Office, Nairobi, Kenya
| | | | - Abdulwahab Abdurahman
- Consultative Group for International Agricultural Research (CGIAR) Research Program on Roots, Tubers and Bananas (RTB), Centro Internacional de la Papa, Nairobi, Kenya, Lima, Peru
- International Potato Center (CIP), Sub-Saharan Africa Regional Office, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Ricardo I Alcalá-Briseño
- Plant Pathology Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, U.S.A
- Emerging Pathogens Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, U.S.A
- Food Systems Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, U.S.A
| | - Karen A Garrett
- Plant Pathology Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, U.S.A
- Emerging Pathogens Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, U.S.A
- Food Systems Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, U.S.A
| | - Erica M Goss
- Plant Pathology Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, U.S.A
- Emerging Pathogens Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, U.S.A
| | - George Ngundo
- Kenya Plant Health Inspectorate Service (KEPHIS), Plant Quarantine and Biosecurity Station (PQBS), Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Jan Kreuze
- Consultative Group for International Agricultural Research (CGIAR) Research Program on Roots, Tubers and Bananas (RTB), Centro Internacional de la Papa, Nairobi, Kenya, Lima, Peru
- International Potato Center (CIP), Crop and Systems Sciences Division, Lima, Peru
| | - Elly Atieno
- Consultative Group for International Agricultural Research (CGIAR) Research Program on Roots, Tubers and Bananas (RTB), Centro Internacional de la Papa, Nairobi, Kenya, Lima, Peru
- International Potato Center (CIP), Sub-Saharan Africa Regional Office, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Florence Munguti
- Kenya Plant Health Inspectorate Service (KEPHIS), Plant Quarantine and Biosecurity Station (PQBS), Nairobi, Kenya
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11
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Sharma K, Iruegas-Bocardo F, Abdurahman A, Alcalá-Briseño RI, Garrett KA, Goss EM, Ngundo G, Kreuze J, Atieno E, Munguti F. Ralstonia Strains from Potato-Growing Regions of Kenya Reveal Two Phylotypes and Epidemic Clonality of Phylotype II Sequevar 1 Strains. Phytopathology 2022; 112:2072-2083. [PMID: 35522048 DOI: 10.1094/phyto-11-21-0455-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Bacterial wilt, caused by the Ralstonia solanacearum species complex (RSSC), is the most destructive potato disease in Kenya. Studies were conducted to (i) determine the molecular diversity of RSSC strains associated with bacterial wilt of potato in Kenya, (ii) generate an RSSC distribution map for epidemiological inference, and (iii) determine whether phylotype II sequevar 1 strains exhibit epidemic clonality. Surveys were conducted in 2018 and 2019, in which tubers from wilting potato plants and stem samples of potential alternative hosts were collected for pathogen isolation. The pathogen was phylotyped by multiplex PCR and 536 RSSC strains typed at a sequevar level. Two RSSC phylotypes were identified, phylotype II (98.4%, n = 506 [sequevar 1 (n = 505) and sequevar 2 (n = 1)]) and phylotype I (1.6%, n = 30 [sequevar 13 (n = 9) and a new sequevar (n = 21)]). The phylotype II sequevar 1 strains were haplotyped using multilocus tandem repeat sequence typing (TRST) schemes. The TRST scheme identified 51 TRST profiles within the phylotype II sequevar 1 strains with a modest diversity index (HGDI = 0.87), confirming the epidemic clonality of RSSC phylotype II sequevar 1 strains in Kenya. A minimum spanning tree and mapping of the TRST profiles revealed that TRST27 '8-5-12-7-5' is the primary founder of the clonal complex of RSSC phylotype II sequevar 1 and is widely distributed via latently infected seed tubers. [Formula: see text] Copyright © 2022 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kalpana Sharma
- Consultative Group for International Agricultural Research (CGIAR) Research Program on Roots, Tubers and Bananas (RTB), Centro Internacional de la Papa, Nairobi, Kenya, Lima, Peru
- International Potato Center (CIP), Sub-Saharan Africa Regional Office, Nairobi, Kenya
| | | | - Abdulwahab Abdurahman
- Consultative Group for International Agricultural Research (CGIAR) Research Program on Roots, Tubers and Bananas (RTB), Centro Internacional de la Papa, Nairobi, Kenya, Lima, Peru
- International Potato Center (CIP), Sub-Saharan Africa Regional Office, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Ricardo I Alcalá-Briseño
- Plant Pathology Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, U.S.A
- Emerging Pathogens Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, U.S.A
- Food Systems Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, U.S.A
| | - Karen A Garrett
- Plant Pathology Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, U.S.A
- Emerging Pathogens Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, U.S.A
- Food Systems Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, U.S.A
| | - Erica M Goss
- Plant Pathology Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, U.S.A
- Emerging Pathogens Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, U.S.A
| | - George Ngundo
- Kenya Plant Health Inspectorate Service (KEPHIS), Plant Quarantine and Biosecurity Station (PQBS), Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Jan Kreuze
- Consultative Group for International Agricultural Research (CGIAR) Research Program on Roots, Tubers and Bananas (RTB), Centro Internacional de la Papa, Nairobi, Kenya, Lima, Peru
- International Potato Center (CIP), Crop and Systems Sciences Division, Lima, Peru
| | - Elly Atieno
- Consultative Group for International Agricultural Research (CGIAR) Research Program on Roots, Tubers and Bananas (RTB), Centro Internacional de la Papa, Nairobi, Kenya, Lima, Peru
- International Potato Center (CIP), Sub-Saharan Africa Regional Office, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Florence Munguti
- Kenya Plant Health Inspectorate Service (KEPHIS), Plant Quarantine and Biosecurity Station (PQBS), Nairobi, Kenya
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12
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Suraby EJ, Sruthi KB, Antony G. Genome-wide identification of type III effectors and other virulence factors in Ralstonia pseudosolanacearum causing bacterial wilt in ginger (Zingiber officinale). Mol Genet Genomics 2022; 297:1371-1388. [PMID: 35879566 DOI: 10.1007/s00438-022-01925-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
Ralstonia pseudosolanacearum causes bacterial wilt in ginger, reducing ginger production worldwide. We sequenced the whole genome of a highly virulent phylotype I, race 4, biovar 3 Ralstonia pseudosolanacearum strain GRsMep isolated from a severely infected ginger field in India. R. pseudosolanacearum GRsMep genome is organised into two replicons: chromosome and megaplasmid with a total genome size of 5,810,605 bp. This strain encodes approximately 72 effectors which include a combination of core effectors as well as highly variable, diverse repertoire of type III effectors. Comparative genome analysis with GMI1000 identified conservation in the genes involved in the general virulence mechanism. Our analysis identified type III effectors, RipBJ and RipBO as present in GRsMep but absent in the reported genomes of other strains infecting Zingiberaceae family. GRsMep contains 126 unique genes when compared to the pangenome of the Ralstonia strains that infect the Zingiberaceae family. The whole-genome data of R. pseudosolanacearum strain will serve as a resource for exploring the evolutionary processes that structure and regulate the virulence determinants of the strain. Pathogenicity testing of the transposon insertional mutant library of GRsMep through virulence assay on ginger plants identified a few candidate virulence determinants specific to bacterial wilt in ginger.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erinjery Jose Suraby
- Department of Plant Science, Central University of Kerala, Periye, 671320, Kasaragod, Kerala, India
| | - K Bharathan Sruthi
- Department of Plant Science, Central University of Kerala, Periye, 671320, Kasaragod, Kerala, India
| | - Ginny Antony
- Department of Plant Science, Central University of Kerala, Periye, 671320, Kasaragod, Kerala, India.
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13
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Abstract
Banana Blood disease is a bacterial wilt caused by Ralstonia syzygii subsp. celebesensis and is an economically important disease in Indonesia and Malaysia. Transmission of this pathogen is hypothesized to occur through insects mechanically transferring bacteria from diseased to healthy banana inflorescences and other pathways involving pruning tools, water movement, and root-to-root contact. This study demonstrates that the ooze from the infected male bell and the sap from various symptomatic plant parts are infective, and the cut surfaces of a bunch peduncle, petiole, corm, pseudostem, and the rachis act as infection courts for R. syzygii subsp. celebesensis. In addition, evidence is provided that R. syzygii subsp. celebesensis is highly tool transmissible, that the bacterium can be transferred from the roots of a diseased plant to the roots of a healthy plant and transferred from the mother plant to the sucker. We provide evidence that local dispersal of Blood disease occurs predominantly through mechanical transmission by insects, birds, bats, or human activities from diseased to healthy banana plants and that long-distance dispersal occurs through the movement of contaminated planting material. Disease management strategies to prevent crop losses associated with this emerging disease are discussed based on our findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jane D Ray
- Centre for Horticultural Science, The University of Queensland, Brisbane 4001, Australia
| | - Siti Subandiyah
- Research Center for Biotechnology, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia
| | - Ady B Prakoso
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia
| | - Vivian A Rincón-Flórez
- Centre for Horticultural Science, The University of Queensland, Brisbane 4001, Australia
| | - Lilia C Carvalhais
- Centre for Horticultural Science, The University of Queensland, Brisbane 4001, Australia
| | - André Drenth
- Centre for Horticultural Science, The University of Queensland, Brisbane 4001, Australia
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14
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Prakoso AB, Joko T, Soffan A, Sari JP, Ray JD, Drenth A, Subandiyah S. Draft Genome Sequence of Ralstonia syzygii subsp. celebesensis from Indonesia, the Causal Agent of Blood Disease of Banana. Phytopathology 2022; 112:1584-1586. [PMID: 35522569 DOI: 10.1094/phyto-10-21-0443-a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ady B Prakoso
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, 55281, Indonesia
| | - Tri Joko
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, 55281, Indonesia
| | - Alan Soffan
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, 55281, Indonesia
| | - Juli P Sari
- Dinas Pangan, Tanaman Pangan dan Hortikultura Provinsi Riau, Pekanbaru, 28142, Indonesia
| | - Jane D Ray
- Centre for Horticultural Science, University of Queensland, Brisbane, 4001, Australia
| | - André Drenth
- Centre for Horticultural Science, University of Queensland, Brisbane, 4001, Australia
| | - Siti Subandiyah
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, 55281, Indonesia
- Research Center for Biotechnology, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, 55281, Indonesia
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15
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Ray JD, Subandiyah S, Rincón-Flórez VA, Prakoso AB, Carvalhais LC, Drenth A. Susceptibility of the Banana Inflorescence to Blood Disease. Phytopathology 2022; 112:803-810. [PMID: 34636648 DOI: 10.1094/phyto-07-21-0311-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The bacterium Ralstonia syzygii subsp. celebesensis causes Blood disease of banana, a vascular wilt of economic significance in Indonesia and Malaysia. Blood disease has expanded its geographic range in the last 20 years and is an emerging threat to Southeast Asian banana production. Many aspects of the disease cycle and biology are not well understood, including the ability of different parts of the female and male inflorescence of banana to act as infection courts. This study confirms that the banana varieties of Cavendish, and Kepok 'Kuning' are susceptible to Blood disease and that an inoculum concentration of 102 CFU/ml of R. syzygii subsp. celebesensis is adequate to initiate disease after pseudostem inoculation. Data show that infection occurs through both the male and female parts of a banana inflorescence and the rachis when snapped to remove the male bell. The infection courts are the female flowers, the male bell bract scar, the male bell flower cushion, the snapped rachis, and deflowered fingers. The location of these infection courts concurs with the dye studies demonstrating that dye externally applied to these plants parts enters the plant vascular system. Thus, the hypothesis is supported that infection of R. syzygii subsp. celebesensis occurs through open xylem vessels of the male and female parts of the banana inflorescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jane D Ray
- Centre for Horticultural Science, The University of Queensland, Brisbane 4001, Australia
| | - Siti Subandiyah
- Research Center for Biotechnology, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia
| | - Vivian A Rincón-Flórez
- Centre for Horticultural Science, The University of Queensland, Brisbane 4001, Australia
| | - Ady B Prakoso
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia
| | - Lilia C Carvalhais
- Centre for Horticultural Science, The University of Queensland, Brisbane 4001, Australia
| | - André Drenth
- Centre for Horticultural Science, The University of Queensland, Brisbane 4001, Australia
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16
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Lu CH, Li JY, Mi MG, Lin ZL, Jiang N, Gai XT, Jun-Hong M, Lei LP, Xia ZY. Complete Genome Sequence of Ralstonia syzygii subsp. indonesiensis Strain LLRS-1, Isolated from Wilted Tobacco in China. Phytopathology 2021; 111:2392-2395. [PMID: 34100304 DOI: 10.1094/phyto-04-21-0138-a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Here, we present the complete genome sequence and annotation of Ralstonia syzygii subsp. indonesiensis strain LLRS-1, which caused bacterial wilt on flue-cured tobacco in Yunnan Province, southwest China. Strain LLRS-1 is the first R. syzygii strain identified to be pathogenic to tobacco in China. The completely assembled genome of strain LLRS-1 consists of a 3,648,314-bp circular chromosome and a 2,046,405-bp megaplasmid with 5,190 protein-coding genes, 55 transfer RNAs, 28 small RNAs, 3 structural RNAs (5S, 16S, and 23S), and a G+C content of 67.05%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Can-Hua Lu
- Yunnan Academy of Tobacco Agricultural Sciences, Kunming, 650021 China
| | - Jun-Ying Li
- Yunnan Academy of Tobacco Agricultural Sciences, Kunming, 650021 China
| | - Meng-Ge Mi
- College of Horticulture and Landscape, Tianjin Agricultural University, Tianjin 300384, China
| | - Zhong-Long Lin
- China National Tobacco Corporation Yunnan Company, Kunming, 650011 China
| | - Ning Jiang
- Yunnan Academy of Tobacco Agricultural Sciences, Kunming, 650021 China
| | - Xiao-Tong Gai
- Yunnan Academy of Tobacco Agricultural Sciences, Kunming, 650021 China
| | - Ma Jun-Hong
- Yunnan Academy of Tobacco Agricultural Sciences, Kunming, 650021 China
| | - Li-Ping Lei
- Yunnan Academy of Tobacco Agricultural Sciences, Kunming, 650021 China
| | - Zhen-Yuan Xia
- Yunnan Academy of Tobacco Agricultural Sciences, Kunming, 650021 China
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17
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Zhou X, Wang Y, Li C, Xu Y, Su X, Yang T, Zhang X. Differential Expression Pattern of Pathogenicity-Related Genes of Ralstonia pseudosolanacearum YQ Responding to Tissue Debris of Casuarina equisetifolia. Phytopathology 2021; 111:1918-1926. [PMID: 33822646 DOI: 10.1094/phyto-11-20-0490-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Ralstonia solanacearum species complex (RSSC) contains a group of destructive plant pathogenic bacteria, causing bacterial wilt of >200 species of crops and trees, such as Casuarina equisetifolia, worldwide. RSSC can survive in the soil environment for a long time and start infection after activation by host plants. This study conducted a transcriptome analysis on the expression pattern of the pathogenicity-related genes of a new isolated RSSC strain YQ (Ralstonia pseudosolanacearum phylotype I-16) in response to C. equisetifolia cladophyll (a branch of a stem that resembles and functions as a leaf) and root debris under in vitro culture. The cladophyll debris induced more genes up-regulated than the root debris, including pathogenicity-related genes involved in motility, effectors, type III secretion systems, quorum sensing, and plant cell wall degradation. Besides, many differentially expressed genes were related to transcriptional regulator such as cyclic dimeric guanosine monophosphate. Moreover, the cultures with cladophyll debris induced a faster wilting in bioassays, and the cell swimming was enhanced by cladophyll exudate. C. equisetifolia cladophylls could activate the expression of pathogenicity-related genes of strain YQ and accelerate infection. Our findings suggest that litterfall management in C. equisetifolia forests, or even other plantations, should receive attention to prevent the induction of bacterial wilt disease caused by RSSC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Zhou
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Zhejiang Green Pesticide, National Joint Local Engineering Laboratory of Biopesticide High-Efficient Preparation, School of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, People's Republic of China
| | - Yue Wang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Zhejiang Green Pesticide, National Joint Local Engineering Laboratory of Biopesticide High-Efficient Preparation, School of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, People's Republic of China
| | - Chuqiao Li
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Zhejiang Green Pesticide, National Joint Local Engineering Laboratory of Biopesticide High-Efficient Preparation, School of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanyou Xu
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Zhejiang Green Pesticide, National Joint Local Engineering Laboratory of Biopesticide High-Efficient Preparation, School of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiu Su
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Zhejiang Green Pesticide, National Joint Local Engineering Laboratory of Biopesticide High-Efficient Preparation, School of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, People's Republic of China
| | - Tian Yang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Zhejiang Green Pesticide, National Joint Local Engineering Laboratory of Biopesticide High-Efficient Preparation, School of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinqi Zhang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Zhejiang Green Pesticide, National Joint Local Engineering Laboratory of Biopesticide High-Efficient Preparation, School of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, People's Republic of China
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18
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Steidl OR, Truchon AN, Hayes MM, Allen C. Complete Genome Resources for Ralstonia Bacterial Wilt Strains UW763 (Phylotype I); Rs5 and UW700 (Phylotype II); and UW386, RUN2474, and RUN2279 (Phylotype III). Mol Plant Microbe Interact 2021; 34:1212-1215. [PMID: 34232701 DOI: 10.1094/mpmi-04-21-0086-a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
We share whole genome sequences of six strains from the Ralstonia solanacearum species complex, a diverse group of Betaproteobacteria that cause plant vascular wilt diseases. Using single-molecule real-time technology, we sequenced and assembled full genomes of Rs5 and UW700, two phylotype IA-sequevar 7 (IIA-7) strains from the southeastern United States that are closely related to the R. solanacearum species type strain, K60, but were isolated >50 years later. Four sequenced strains from Africa include a soil isolate from Nigeria (UW386, III-23), a tomato isolate from Senegal (UW763, I-14), and two potato isolates from the Madagascar highlands (RUN2474, III-19 and RUN2279, III-60). This resource will support studies of the genetic diversity, ecology, virulence, and microevolution of this globally distributed group of high-impact plant pathogens.[Formula: see text] Copyright © 2021 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivia R Steidl
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, U.S.A
| | - Alicia N Truchon
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, U.S.A
- Microbiology Doctoral Training Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, U.S.A
| | - Madeline M Hayes
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, U.S.A
- Microbiology Doctoral Training Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, U.S.A
| | - Caitilyn Allen
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, U.S.A
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19
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Huang J, Liu C, Price GW, Li Y, Wang Y. Identification of a novel heavy metal resistant Ralstonia strain and its growth response to cadmium exposure. J Hazard Mater 2021; 416:125942. [PMID: 34492869 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.125942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Revised: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
A novel Ralstonia Bcul-1 strain was isolated from soil samples that was closest to Ralstonia pickettii. Broad-spectrum resistance was identified to a group of heavy metal ions and tolerance to concentrations of Cd2+ up to 400 mg L-1. Low concentrations of heavy metal ions did not have distinctive impact on heavy metal resistance genes and appeared to induce greater expression. Under exposure to Cd2+, cell wall components were significantly enhanced, and some proteins were also simultaneously expressed allowing the bacteria to adapt to the high Cd2+ living environment. The maximum removal rate of Cd2+ by the Ralstonia Bcul-1 strain was 78.97% in the culture medium supplemented with 100 mg L-1 Cd2+. Ralstonia Bcul-1 was able to survive and grow in a low nutrient and cadmium contaminated (0.42 mg kg-1) vegetable soil, and the cadmium removal rate was up to 65.76% in 9th growth. Ralstonia Bcul-1 mixed with biochar could maintain sustainable growth of this strain in the soil up to 75 d and the adsorption efficiency of cadmium increased by 16.23-40.80% as compared to biochar application alone. Results from this work suggests that Ralstonia Bcul-1 is an ideal candidate for bioremediation of nutrient deficient heavy metal contaminated soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqing Huang
- Agricultural Ecology Institute, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences (FAAS), Fuzhou 350013, China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Agricultural Ecological Process of Red Soil Mountain, Fuzhou 350013, China
| | - Cenwei Liu
- Agricultural Ecology Institute, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences (FAAS), Fuzhou 350013, China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Agricultural Ecological Process of Red Soil Mountain, Fuzhou 350013, China
| | - G W Price
- Department of Engineering, Dalhousie University, Truro, NS B2N 5E3, Canada
| | - Yanchun Li
- Agricultural Ecology Institute, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences (FAAS), Fuzhou 350013, China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Agricultural Ecological Process of Red Soil Mountain, Fuzhou 350013, China
| | - Yixiang Wang
- Agricultural Ecology Institute, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences (FAAS), Fuzhou 350013, China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Agricultural Ecological Process of Red Soil Mountain, Fuzhou 350013, China.
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20
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Benezech C, Le Scornet A, Gourion B. Medicago- Sinorhizobium- Ralstonia: A Model System to Investigate Pathogen-Triggered Inhibition of Nodulation. Mol Plant Microbe Interact 2021; 34:499-503. [PMID: 33596110 DOI: 10.1094/mpmi-11-20-0319-sc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
How plants deal with beneficial and pathogenic microorganisms and how they can tolerate beneficial ones and face pathogens at the same time are questions that remain puzzling to plant biologists. Legume plants are good models to explore those issues, as their interactions with nitrogen-fixing bacteria called rhizobia results in a drastic and easy-to-follow phenotype of nodulation. Intriguingly, despite massive and chronic infection, legume defense reactions are essentially suppressed during the whole symbiotic process, raising a question about a potential negative effect of plant immune responses on the establishment of nodulation. In the present study, we used the model legume, Medicago truncatula, coinoculated with mutualistic and phytopathogenic bacteria, Sinorhizobium medicae and Ralstonia solanacearum, respectively. We show that the presence of R. solanacearum drastically inhibits the nodulation process. The type III secretion system of R. solanacearum, which is important for the inhibition of pathogen-associated molecular pattern-triggered immunity (PTI), strongly contributes to inhibit nodulation. Thus, our results question the negative effect of PTI on nodulation. By including a pathogenic bacterium in the interaction system, our study provides a new angle to address the influence of the biotic environment on the nodulation process.[Formula: see text] Copyright © 2021 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Benezech
- LIPM, Université de Toulouse, INRA, CNRS, 84195 Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | | | - Benjamin Gourion
- LIPM, Université de Toulouse, INRA, CNRS, 84195 Castanet-Tolosan, France
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21
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Lampropoulos P, Gkentzi D, Tzifas S, Kapnisi G, Karatza A, Kolonitsiou F, Dimitriou G. Ralstonia Mannitolilytica, an Unusual Pathogen in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit: A Case of Neonatal Sepsis and Literature Review. Infect Disord Drug Targets 2021; 21:168-172. [PMID: 32223739 DOI: 10.2174/1871526520666200330163504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2019] [Revised: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Premature infants are considered high-risk subgroup for neonatal sepsis due to yet defective immune system, interventions practised and synergy of factors favoring multiple resistance of Gram-positive and Gram-negative pathogens to antimicrobial agents. CASE PRESENTATION We present a case of late-onset neonatal sepsis in a premature infant caused by an uncommon pathogen; a premature infant of extremely low birth weight had in his 4th week of life severe clinical deterioration with lethargy, fever, pallor, mottling, abdominal distention, tachycardia, and worsening respiratory impairment. Full septic screen was performed, broad-spectrum antibiotic therapy was initiated and supportive care per needs was provided. Blood cultures (endotracheal tube tip cultures) isolated meropenem- and gentamicin-resistant strain of rare pathogen Ralstonia mannitolilytica. Ralstonia spp. are aerobic, Gram-negative, lactose non-fermenting, oxidaseand catalase-positive bacilli, thriving in water and soil. Ralstonia spp. are identified only sporadically as causative agents of neonatal sepsis; to our knowledge, this is the second report of neonatal sepsis due to R. mannitolilytica in the literature so far. Our patient was eventually treated (per sensitivity pattern) with intravenous ciprofloxacin and recovered well from the infection. CONCLUSION We intend to raise awareness among neonatologists with regard to early detection of unusual pathogens, the emergence of antibiotic resistance patterns, and the obligation for adherence to infection control policies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panagiotis Lampropoulos
- Department of Pediatrics and Neonatology, University General Hospital of Patras, Patras, Greece
| | - Despoina Gkentzi
- Department of Pediatrics and Neonatology, University General Hospital of Patras, Patras, Greece
| | - Sotirios Tzifas
- Department of Pediatrics and Neonatology, University General Hospital of Patras, Patras, Greece
| | - Georgia Kapnisi
- Department of Microbiology, University General Hospital of Patras, Patras, Greece
| | - Ageliki Karatza
- Department of Pediatrics and Neonatology, University General Hospital of Patras, Patras, Greece
| | - Fevronia Kolonitsiou
- Department of Microbiology, University General Hospital of Patras, Patras, Greece
| | - Gabriel Dimitriou
- Department of Pediatrics and Neonatology, University General Hospital of Patras, Patras, Greece
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He Y, Mo Y, Zheng D, Li Q, Lin W, Yuan G. Different Sequevars of Ralstonia pseudosolanacearum Causing Bacterial Wilt of Bidens pilosa in China. Plant Dis 2020; 104:2768-2773. [PMID: 32915706 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-12-19-2738-sc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Bidens pilosa is an invasive weed that threatens the growth of crops and biodiversity in China. In 2017, suspected bacterial wilt of B. pilosa was discovered in Qinzhou and Beihai, Guangxi, China. A variety of weeds are considered as reservoirs harboring bacterial wilt pathogens, but most do not show obvious symptoms in the field. Identifying the classification status of the B. pilosa bacterial wilt pathogen and exploring its geographical origin might be helpful for clarifying the role of weeds in the circulation of the disease. Phylotyping, sequevar analysis, and cross inoculation of pathogens isolated from B. pilosa and nearby peanut (Arachis hypogaea), balsam gourd (Momordica charantia), and eucalyptus (Eucalyptus robusta) plants were carried out. Three isolates of B. pilosa (Bp01, Bp02, and Bp03) were identified as Ralstonia pseudosolanacearum, race 1, biovar 3, and phylotype I, and belonged to sequevars 17 and 44, and an unknown sequevar. The sequevars isolated from B. pilosa were not completely consistent with those of the nearby hosts, and the virulence of these isolates differed when cross inoculated. The Bp03 sequevar was different from peanut isolate sequevars in the same field and was not identical to any previously designated sequevars. The isolates from B. pilosa and other nearby hosts displayed low or no virulence toward their cross hosts (with wilt incidences less than 33.33%). An exception to this was the isolates from B. pilosa, which displayed high virulence toward eucalyptus (with a wilt incidence of 70.00 to 100.00%). This is the first report of different sequevars of R. pseudosolanacearum causing typical bacterial wilt symptoms in B. pilosa in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonglin He
- College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, China
| | - Yixue Mo
- College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, China
| | - Dehong Zheng
- College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, China
| | - Qiqin Li
- College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, China
| | - Wei Lin
- College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, China
| | - Gaoqing Yuan
- College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, China
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Santiago TR, Lopes CA, Caetano-Anollés G, Mizubuti ESG. Genetic Structure of Ralstonia solanacearum and Ralstonia pseudosolanacearum in Brazil. Plant Dis 2020; 104:1019-1025. [PMID: 31994983 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-09-19-1929-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Bacterial wilt-causing Ralstonia threaten numerous crops throughout the world. We studied the population structure of 196 isolates of Ralstonia solanacearum and 39 isolates of Ralstonia pseudosolanacearum, which were collected from potato- and tomato-growing areas in 19 states of Brazil. Regardless of the species, three groups of isolates were identified. One group encompassed R. pseudosolanacearum isolates. The other two groups comprise isolates of R. solanacearum (phylotype II) split according to geographic regions, one made of isolates from the North and Northeast and the other made of isolates from the Central, Southeast, and South regions (CSS). Among the isolates collected in CSS, those from tomato were genetically distinct from the potato isolates. The genetic variability in the population of R. pseudosolanacearum was lower than that of R. solanacearum, suggesting that the former was introduced in Brazil. Conversely, the high genetic variability of R. solanacearum in all regions, hosts, and times supports the hypothesis that this species is autochthonous in South America, more precisely in Brazil and Peru. For R. solanacearum, higher variability and lower migration rates were observed when tomato isolates were analyzed, indicating that the variability is caused mainly by the differences of the local, native soil population. The North subpopulation was distinct from all others, possibly because of differences in environmental features of this region. The proximity of some geographic regions and the movement of potato tubers could have facilitated migration and therefore low genetic differentiation between geographic regions. Finally, geography, which also influences host distribution, affects the structure of the population of R. solanacearum in Brazil. Despite quarantine procedures in Brazil, increasing levels of trade are a threat to biosecurity, and these results emphasize the need for improving our regional efforts to prevent the dispersal of pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thaís Ribeiro Santiago
- Departamento de Fitopatologia, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, 36.570-900, Brazil
| | | | | | - Eduardo S G Mizubuti
- Departamento de Fitopatologia, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, 36.570-900, Brazil
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Boattini M, Bianco G, Biancone L, Cavallo R, Costa C. Ralstonia mannitolilytica bacteraemia: a case report and literature review. Infez Med 2018; 26:374-378. [PMID: 30555144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Ralstonia mannitolilytica is a difficult-to-diagnose, aerobic, Gram-negative bacillus, mainly causing healthcare infections in immunocompromised hosts. We report the first case of R. mannitolilytica bacteraemia in a kidney transplant recipient. Identification of R. mannitolilytica was finally performed by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. All cases of R. mannitolilytica bacteraemia reported in the English language literature over the past 20 years are reviewed to alert clinicians to the epidemiological, clinical, diagnostic, prognostic and microbiologic features of this emerging pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Boattini
- Microbiology and Virology Unit, University Hospital Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Gabriele Bianco
- Microbiology and Virology Unit, University Hospital Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Luigi Biancone
- Nephrology, Dialysis and Renal Transplant Division, Department of Medical Sciences, University Hospital Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Rossana Cavallo
- Microbiology and Virology Unit, University Hospital Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Cristina Costa
- Microbiology and Virology Unit, University Hospital Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Turin, Italy
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Kim B, Hwang IS, Lee HJ, Lee JM, Seo E, Choi D, Oh CS. Identification of a molecular marker tightly linked to bacterial wilt resistance in tomato by genome-wide SNP analysis. Theor Appl Genet 2018; 131:1017-1030. [PMID: 29352323 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-018-3054-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2017] [Accepted: 01/12/2018] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Genotyping of disease resistance to bacterial wilt in tomato by a genome-wide SNP analysis Bacterial wilt caused by Ralstonia pseudosolanacearum is one of the destructive diseases in tomato. The previous studies have identified Bwr-6 (chromosome 6) and Bwr-12 (chromosome 12) loci as the major quantitative trait loci (QTLs) contributing to resistance against bacterial wilt in tomato cultivar 'Hawaii7996'. However, the genetic identities of two QTLs have not been uncovered yet. In this study, using whole-genome resequencing, we analyzed genome-wide single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that can distinguish a resistant group, including seven tomato varieties resistant to bacterial wilt, from a susceptible group, including two susceptible to the same disease. In total, 5259 non-synonymous SNPs were found between the two groups. Among them, only 265 SNPs were located in the coding DNA sequences, and the majority of these SNPs were located on chromosomes 6 and 12. The genes that both carry SNP(s) and are near Bwr-6 and Bwr-12 were selected. In particular, four genes in chromosome 12 encode putative leucine-rich repeat (LRR) receptor-like proteins. SNPs within these four genes were used to develop SNP markers, and each SNP marker was validated by a high-resolution melting method. Consequently, one SNP marker, including a functional SNP in a gene, Solyc12g009690.1, could efficiently distinguish tomato varieties resistant to bacterial wilt from susceptible varieties. These results indicate that Solyc12g009690.1, the gene encoding a putative LRR receptor-like protein, might be tightly linked to Bwr-12, and the SNP marker developed in this study will be useful for selection of tomato cultivars resistant to bacterial wilt.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boyoung Kim
- Department of Horticultural Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, 17104, South Korea
| | - In Sun Hwang
- Department of Horticultural Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, 17104, South Korea
| | - Hyung Jin Lee
- Department of Horticultural Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, 17104, South Korea
| | - Je Min Lee
- Department of Horticultural Science, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, South Korea
| | - Eunyoung Seo
- Department of Plant Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea
| | - Doil Choi
- Department of Plant Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea
| | - Chang-Sik Oh
- Department of Horticultural Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, 17104, South Korea.
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26
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Abstract
The gentamicin-loaded nano-sized liposomes are shown to penetrate into alginate-based Ralstonia insidiosa bacterial biofilms by acoustic streaming generated by moderate pulsed ultrasound (frequency = 2.25 MHz, 10% duty cycle and spatially and temporally averaged intensity, ISATA ≈ 4.4 W/cm2). The liposomes are then burst by the scanned relatively high intensity ultrasound (frequency = 1.1 MHz, 10% duty cycle, the spatially and temporally averaged intensity ISATA ≈ 90 W/cm2) in situ, and the gentamicin solution is released from the liposomes resulting in 72% of Ralstonia insidiosa killing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Ma
- Department of Physics, and Materials Science Program, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont 05405, USA ,
| | - Junru Wu
- Department of Physics, and Materials Science Program, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont 05405, USA ,
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Li L, Atef A, Piatek A, Ali Z, Piatek M, Aouida M, Sharakuu A, Mahjoub A, Wang G, Khan S, Fedoroff NV, Zhu JK, Mahfouz MM. Characterization and DNA-binding specificities of Ralstonia TAL-like effectors. Mol Plant 2013; 6:1318-30. [PMID: 23300258 PMCID: PMC3716395 DOI: 10.1093/mp/sst006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2012] [Accepted: 12/20/2012] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Transcription activator-like effectors (TALEs) from Xanthomonas sp. have been used as customizable DNA-binding modules for genome-engineering applications. Ralstonia solanacearum TALE-like proteins (RTLs) exhibit similar structural features to TALEs, including a central DNA-binding domain composed of 35 amino acid-long repeats. Here, we characterize the RTLs and show that they localize in the plant cell nucleus, mediate DNA binding, and might function as transcriptional activators. RTLs have a unique DNA-binding architecture and are enriched in repeat variable di-residues (RVDs), which determine repeat DNA-binding specificities. We determined the DNA-binding specificities for the RVD sequences ND, HN, NP, and NT. The RVD ND mediates highly specific interactions with C nucleotide, HN interacts specifically with A and G nucleotides, and NP binds to C, A, and G nucleotides. Moreover, we developed a highly efficient repeat assembly approach for engineering RTL effectors. Taken together, our data demonstrate that RTLs are unique DNA-targeting modules that are excellent alternatives to be tailored to bind to user-selected DNA sequences for targeted genomic and epigenomic modifications. These findings will facilitate research concerning RTL molecular biology and RTL roles in the pathogenicity of Ralstonia spp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lixin Li
- Center for Desert Agriculture, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955–6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Atef
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, PO Box 80203, Jeddah 21589, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Agnieszka Piatek
- Center for Desert Agriculture, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955–6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Zahir Ali
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, PO Box 80203, Jeddah 21589, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Marek Piatek
- Center for Desert Agriculture, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955–6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Mustapha Aouida
- Center for Desert Agriculture, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955–6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Altanbadralt Sharakuu
- Center for Desert Agriculture, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955–6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Ali Mahjoub
- Center for Desert Agriculture, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955–6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Guangchao Wang
- Imaging Core Laboratory, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955–6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Suhail Khan
- Center for Desert Agriculture, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955–6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Nina V. Fedoroff
- Center for Desert Agriculture, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955–6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Jian-Kang Zhu
- Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Magdy M. Mahfouz
- Center for Desert Agriculture, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955–6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
- To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail , tel. 00966544700010
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Chen YY, Lin YM, Chao TC, Wang JF, Liu AC, Ho FI, Cheng CP. Virus-induced gene silencing reveals the involvement of ethylene-, salicylic acid- and mitogen-activated protein kinase-related defense pathways in the resistance of tomato to bacterial wilt. Physiol Plant 2009; 136:324-35. [PMID: 19470092 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-3054.2009.01226.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Bacterial wilt (BW), caused by Ralstonia solanacearum, is a devastating vascular disease of tomato worldwide. However, information on tomato's defense mechanism against infection by this soil-borne bacterium is limited. In this study, virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) was employed to decipher signaling pathways involved in the resistance of tomato to this pathogen. Defined sequence fragments derived from a group of genes known or predicted to be involved in ethylene (ET) and salicylic acid (SA) signaling transduction pathways and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascades were subjected to VIGS in 'Hawaii 7996', a tomato cultivar with stable resistance to BW, and their effect on resistance was determined. The results indicated that silencing of ACO1/3, EIN2, ERF3, NPR1, TGA2.2, TGA1a, MKK2, MPK1/2 and MPK3 caused significant increase in bacterial proliferation in stembases and/or mid-stems. Partial wilting symptoms appeared on plants in which TGA2.2, TGA2.1a, MKK2 and MPK1/2 were silenced. These results suggested that ET-, SA- and MAPK-related defense signaling pathways are involved in the resistance of tomato to BW. This is the first report elucidating the multiple layers of defense governing the resistance of tomato to BW. The results are discussed to enlighten an important and complex interaction between tomato and a soil-borne vascular pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Yi Chen
- Graduate Institute of Plant Biology and Department of Life Science, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei, Taiwan 106, Republic of China
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Saiman L. Providing a safety net for children: investigating a multistate outbreak of Ralstonia mannitolilytica related to a contaminated reusable device. Pediatrics 2007; 119:1207-9. [PMID: 17545391 DOI: 10.1542/peds.2007-0787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Saiman
- Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA.
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30
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert A Fischer
- Center for Devices and Radiological Health, Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, MD, USA
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Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Ralstonia associated with Vapotherm oxygen delivery device--United States, 2005. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2005; 54:1052-3. [PMID: 16237377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
In August 2005, a health-care facility in Pennsylvania reported the occurrence of Ralstonia spp. in six patients aged 21 days to 8 years to the Philadelphia Department of Health and CDC. Preliminary laboratory and epidemiologic investigation identified the Vapotherm 2000i oxygen delivery device (Vapotherm Inc., Stevensville, Maryland) as an associated risk factor for recovery of the organism from blood and respiratory tract samples. Although the source of Ralstonia has not yet been identified, Vapotherm has created new infection-control procedures to reduce the risk for infectious disease transmission among patients using their machines. This report summarizes the initial results of this ongoing investigation and provides recommendations to prevent further spread of Ralstonia species in hospitals.
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Liu S, Ogawa N, Senda T, Hasebe A, Miyashita K. Amino acids in positions 48, 52, and 73 differentiate the substrate specificities of the highly homologous chlorocatechol 1,2-dioxygenases CbnA and TcbC. J Bacteriol 2005; 187:5427-36. [PMID: 16030237 PMCID: PMC1196051 DOI: 10.1128/jb.187.15.5427-5436.2005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Chlorocatechol 1,2-dioxygenase (CCD) is the first-step enzyme of the chlorocatechol ortho-cleavage pathway, which plays a central role in the degradation of various chloroaromatic compounds. Two CCDs, CbnA from the 3-chlorobenzoate-degrader Ralstonia eutropha NH9 and TcbC from the 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene-degrader Pseudomonas sp. strain P51, are highly homologous, having only 12 different amino acid residues out of identical lengths of 251 amino acids. But CbnA and TcbC are different in substrate specificities against dichlorocatechols, favoring 3,5-dichlorocatechol (3,5-DC) and 3,4-dichlorocatechol (3,4-DC), respectively. A study of chimeric mutants constructed from the two CCDs indicated that the N-terminal parts of the enzymes were responsible for the difference in the substrate specificities. Site-directed mutagenesis studies further identified the amino acid in position 48 (Leu in CbnA and Val in TcbC) as critical in differentiating the substrate specificities of the enzymes, which agreed well with molecular modeling of the two enzymes. Mutagenesis studies also demonstrated that Ile-73 of CbnA and Ala-52 of TcbC were important for their high levels of activity towards 3,5-DC and 3,4-DC, respectively. The importance of Ile-73 for 3,5-DC specificity determination was also shown with other CCDs such as TfdC from Burkholderia sp. NK8 and TfdC from Alcaligenes sp. CSV90 (identical to TfdC from R. eutropha JMP134), which convert 3,5-DC preferentially. Together with amino acid sequence comparisons indicating high conservation of Leu-48 and Ile-73 among CCDs, these results suggested that TcbC of strain P51 had diverged from other CCDs to be adapted to conversion of 3,4-DC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shenghao Liu
- National Institute for Agro-Environmental Sciences, 3-1-3 Kan-nondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8604, Japan
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Kismet E, Atay AA, Demirkaya E, Aydin HI, Aydogan H, Koseoglu V, Gokcay E. Two cases of Ralstonia pickettii bacteremias in a pediatric oncology unit requiring removal of the Port-A-Caths. J Pediatr Hematol Oncol 2005; 27:37-8. [PMID: 15654276 DOI: 10.1097/01.mph.0000149960.89192.b0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Ralstonia pickettii is an aerobic, gram-negative bacterium causing bacteremia following the use of contaminated saline vials, respiratory therapy solutions, skin disinfectants, blood culture mediums, and water supplies. It is rarely associated with human infections. The authors report two cases of R. pickettii bacteremia in patients with Port-A-Caths that could be treated only by removal of the ports.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erol Kismet
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Gulhane Military Medical Academy, School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
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