1
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Peters BL, Deng J, Ferguson AL. Free energy calculations of the functional selectivity of 5-HT2B G protein-coupled receptor. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0243313. [PMID: 33296400 PMCID: PMC7725398 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0243313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
G Protein-Coupled Receptors (GPCRs) mediate intracellular signaling in response to extracellular ligand binding and are the target of one-third of approved drugs. Ligand binding modulates the GPCR molecular free energy landscape by preferentially stabilizing active or inactive conformations that dictate intracellular protein recruitment and downstream signaling. We perform enhanced sampling molecular dynamics simulations to recover the free energy surfaces of a thermostable mutant of the GPCR serotonin receptor 5-HT2B in the unliganded form and bound to a lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) agonist and lisuride antagonist. LSD binding imparts a ∼110 kJ/mol driving force for conformational rearrangement into an active state. The lisuride-bound form is structurally similar to the apo form and only ∼24 kJ/mol more stable. This work quantifies ligand-induced conformational specificity and functional selectivity of 5-HT2B and presents a platform for high-throughput virtual screening of ligands and rational engineering of the ligand-bound molecular free energy landscape.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandon L. Peters
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Jinxia Deng
- Zoetis Inc, Kalamazoo, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Andrew L. Ferguson
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
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2
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Azuaje J, López P, Iglesias A, de la Fuente RA, Pérez-Rubio JM, García D, Stępniewski TM, García-Mera X, Brea JM, Selent J, Pérez D, Castro M, Loza MI, Sotelo E. Development of Fluorescent Probes that Target Serotonin 5-HT 2B Receptors. Sci Rep 2017; 7:10765. [PMID: 28883627 PMCID: PMC5589878 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-11370-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2017] [Accepted: 08/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Some 5-HT2B fluorescent probes were obtained by tagging 1-(2,5-dimethoxy-4-iodophenyl)-propan-2-amine (DOI) with a subset of fluorescent amines. Some of the resulting fluorescent ligands showed excellent affinity and selectivity profiles at the 5-HT2B receptors (e.g. 12b), while retain the agonistic functional behaviour of the model ligand (DOI). The study highlighted the most salient features of the structure-activity relationship in this series and these were substantiated by a molecular modelling study based on a receptor-driven docking model constructed on the basis of the crystal structure of the human 5-HT2B receptor. One of the fluorescent ligands developed in this work, compound 12i, specifically labelled CHO-K1 cells expressing 5-HT2B receptors and not parental CHO-K1 cells in a concentration-dependent manner. 12i enables imaging and quantification of specific 5-HT2B receptor labelling in live cells by automated fluorescence microscopy as well as quantification by measurements of fluorescence intensity using a fluorescence plate reader.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jhonny Azuaje
- Centro Singular de Investigación en Química Biolóxica e Materiais Moleculares (CIQUS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, E-15782, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, E-15782, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Instituto de Farmacia Industrial (IFI), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, E-15782, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Paula López
- Centro Singular de Investigación en Química Biolóxica e Materiais Moleculares (CIQUS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, E-15782, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, E-15782, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Instituto de Farmacia Industrial (IFI), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, E-15782, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Alba Iglesias
- Instituto de Farmacia Industrial (IFI), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, E-15782, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Centro Singular de Investigación en Medicina Molecular e Enfermidades Crónicas (CIMUS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, E-15782, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Rocío A de la Fuente
- Instituto de Farmacia Industrial (IFI), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, E-15782, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Centro Singular de Investigación en Medicina Molecular e Enfermidades Crónicas (CIMUS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, E-15782, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - José M Pérez-Rubio
- Centro Singular de Investigación en Química Biolóxica e Materiais Moleculares (CIQUS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, E-15782, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, E-15782, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Diego García
- Centro Singular de Investigación en Química Biolóxica e Materiais Moleculares (CIQUS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, E-15782, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Tomasz Maciej Stępniewski
- PharmacoInformatics Group, Research Program on Biomedical Informatics (GRIB) PRBB, Barcelona, 08003, Spain
| | - Xerardo García-Mera
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, E-15782, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Instituto de Farmacia Industrial (IFI), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, E-15782, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - José M Brea
- Instituto de Farmacia Industrial (IFI), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, E-15782, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Centro Singular de Investigación en Medicina Molecular e Enfermidades Crónicas (CIMUS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, E-15782, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Jana Selent
- PharmacoInformatics Group, Research Program on Biomedical Informatics (GRIB) PRBB, Barcelona, 08003, Spain
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biological and Chemical Research Centre, University of Warsaw, 02-093, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Dolores Pérez
- Centro Singular de Investigación en Química Biolóxica e Materiais Moleculares (CIQUS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, E-15782, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, E-15782, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Marián Castro
- Instituto de Farmacia Industrial (IFI), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, E-15782, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Centro Singular de Investigación en Medicina Molecular e Enfermidades Crónicas (CIMUS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, E-15782, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - María I Loza
- Instituto de Farmacia Industrial (IFI), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, E-15782, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Centro Singular de Investigación en Medicina Molecular e Enfermidades Crónicas (CIMUS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, E-15782, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Eddy Sotelo
- Centro Singular de Investigación en Química Biolóxica e Materiais Moleculares (CIQUS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, E-15782, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, E-15782, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
- Instituto de Farmacia Industrial (IFI), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, E-15782, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
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3
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Lin F, Li F, Wang C, Wang J, Yang Y, Yang L, Li Y. Mechanism Exploration of Arylpiperazine Derivatives Targeting the 5-HT 2A Receptor by In Silico Methods. Molecules 2017; 22:molecules22071064. [PMID: 28672848 PMCID: PMC6152085 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22071064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2017] [Revised: 06/23/2017] [Accepted: 06/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
As a G-protein coupled receptor, the 5-hydroxytryptamine 2A (5-HT2A) receptor is known for its critical role in the cognitive, behavioural and physiological functions, and thus is a primary molecular target to treat psychiatric diseases, including especially depression. With purpose to explore the structural traits affecting the inhibitory activity, currently a dataset of 109 arylpiperazine derivatives as promising 5-HT2A antagonists was built, based on which the ligand-based three-dimensional quantitative structure-activity relationship (3D-QSAR) study by using both comparative molecular field analysis (CoMFA) and comparative molecular similarity indices analysis (CoMSIA) approaches was carried out. The resultant optimal CoMSIA model displays proper validity and predictability with cross-validated correlation coefficient Q² = 0.587, non-cross-validated correlation coefficient R²ncv = 0.900 and predicted correlation coefficient for the test set of compounds R²pre = 0.897, respectively. Besides, molecular docking was also conducted to investigate the binding mode between these ligands and the active site of the 5-HT2A receptor. Meanwhile, as a docking supplementary tool to study the antagonists' conformation in the binding cavity, molecular dynamics (MD) simulation was also performed, providing further elucidation about the changes in the ligand-receptor complex. Lastly, some new molecules were also newly-designed based on the above results that are potential arylpiperazine antagonists of 5-HT2A receptor. We hope that the present models and derived information may be of help for facilitating the optimization and design of novel potent antagonists as antidepressant drugs as well as exploring the interaction mechanism of 5-HT2A antagonists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Lin
- Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Endemic Phytomedicine Resources, Pharmacy School, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832002, Xinjiang, China.
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (MOE), Faculty of Chemical, Environmental and Biological Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, Liaoning, China.
| | - Feng Li
- Department of Civil Engineering, Henan Institute of Engineering, Zhengzhou 451191, Henan, China.
| | - Chao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (MOE), Faculty of Chemical, Environmental and Biological Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, Liaoning, China.
| | - Jinghui Wang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (MOE), Faculty of Chemical, Environmental and Biological Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, Liaoning, China.
| | - Yinfeng Yang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (MOE), Faculty of Chemical, Environmental and Biological Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, Liaoning, China.
| | - Ling Yang
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Yan Li
- Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Endemic Phytomedicine Resources, Pharmacy School, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832002, Xinjiang, China.
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (MOE), Faculty of Chemical, Environmental and Biological Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, Liaoning, China.
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4
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Wacker D, Wang S, McCorvy JD, Betz RM, Venkatakrishnan AJ, Levit A, Lansu K, Schools ZL, Che T, Nichols DE, Shoichet BK, Dror RO, Roth BL. Crystal Structure of an LSD-Bound Human Serotonin Receptor. Cell 2017; 168:377-389.e12. [PMID: 28129538 PMCID: PMC5289311 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2016.12.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 283] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2016] [Revised: 11/29/2016] [Accepted: 12/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The prototypical hallucinogen LSD acts via serotonin receptors, and here we describe the crystal structure of LSD in complex with the human serotonin receptor 5-HT2B. The complex reveals conformational rearrangements to accommodate LSD, providing a structural explanation for the conformational selectivity of LSD's key diethylamide moiety. LSD dissociates exceptionally slow from both 5-HT2BR and 5-HT2AR-a major target for its psychoactivity. Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations suggest that LSD's slow binding kinetics may be due to a "lid" formed by extracellular loop 2 (EL2) at the entrance to the binding pocket. A mutation predicted to increase the mobility of this lid greatly accelerates LSD's binding kinetics and selectively dampens LSD-mediated β-arrestin2 recruitment. This study thus reveals an unexpected binding mode of LSD; illuminates key features of its kinetics, stereochemistry, and signaling; and provides a molecular explanation for LSD's actions at human serotonin receptors. PAPERCLIP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Wacker
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7365, USA.
| | - Sheng Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7365, USA
| | - John D McCorvy
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7365, USA
| | - Robin M Betz
- Department of Computer Science, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Institute for Computational and Mathematical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Biophysics Program, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - A J Venkatakrishnan
- Department of Computer Science, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Institute for Computational and Mathematical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Anat Levit
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158-2280, USA
| | - Katherine Lansu
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7365, USA
| | - Zachary L Schools
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7365, USA
| | - Tao Che
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7365, USA
| | - David E Nichols
- Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7360, USA
| | - Brian K Shoichet
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158-2280, USA
| | - Ron O Dror
- Department of Computer Science, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Institute for Computational and Mathematical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Biophysics Program, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
| | - Bryan L Roth
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7365, USA; Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7360, USA; National Institute of Mental Health Psychoactive Drug Screening Program (NIMH PDSP), School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7365, USA.
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5
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Abstract
Serotonin receptors are prevalent throughout the nervous system and the periphery, and remain one of the most lucrative and promising drug discovery targets for disorders ranging from migraine headaches to neuropsychiatric disorders such as schizophrenia and depression. There are 14 distinct serotonin receptors, of which 13 are G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), which are targets for approximately 40% of the approved medicines. Recent crystallographic and biochemical evidence has provided a converging understanding of the basic structure and functional mechanics of GPCR activation. Currently, two GPCR crystal structures exist for the serotonin family, the 5-HT1B and 5-HT2B receptor, with the antimigraine and valvulopathic drug ergotamine bound. The first serotonin crystal structures not only provide the first evidence of serotonin receptor topography but also provide mechanistic explanations into functional selectivity or biased agonism. This review will detail the findings of these crystal structures from a molecular and mutagenesis perspective for driving rational drug design for novel therapeutics incorporating biased signaling.
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MESH Headings
- Allosteric Site
- Animals
- Ergotamine/pharmacology
- Ergotamine/therapeutic use
- GTP-Binding Proteins/physiology
- Heart Valve Diseases/drug therapy
- Heart Valve Diseases/metabolism
- Humans
- Migraine Disorders/drug therapy
- Migraine Disorders/metabolism
- Models, Molecular
- Protein Conformation
- Receptor, Serotonin, 5-HT1B/chemistry
- Receptor, Serotonin, 5-HT1B/metabolism
- Receptor, Serotonin, 5-HT2B/chemistry
- Receptor, Serotonin, 5-HT2B/metabolism
- Receptors, Serotonin/chemistry
- Receptors, Serotonin/metabolism
- Serotonin Receptor Agonists/pharmacology
- Serotonin Receptor Agonists/therapeutic use
- Signal Transduction
- Vasoconstrictor Agents/pharmacology
- Vasoconstrictor Agents/therapeutic use
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Affiliation(s)
- John D McCorvy
- Department of Pharmacology and Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, University of North Carolina Chapel Hill Medical School, Chapel Hill, NC 27514, USA
| | - Bryan L Roth
- Department of Pharmacology and Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, University of North Carolina Chapel Hill Medical School, Chapel Hill, NC 27514, USA
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6
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Martí-Solano M, Sanz F, Pastor M, Selent J. A dynamic view of molecular switch behavior at serotonin receptors: implications for functional selectivity. PLoS One 2014; 9:e109312. [PMID: 25313636 PMCID: PMC4196896 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0109312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2014] [Accepted: 09/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Functional selectivity is a property of G protein-coupled receptors that allows them to preferentially couple to particular signaling partners upon binding of biased agonists. Publication of the X-ray crystal structure of serotonergic 5-HT1B and 5-HT2B receptors in complex with ergotamine, a drug capable of activating G protein coupling and β-arrestin signaling at the 5-HT1B receptor but clearly favoring β-arrestin over G protein coupling at the 5-HT2B subtype, has recently provided structural insight into this phenomenon. In particular, these structures highlight the importance of specific residues, also called micro-switches, for differential receptor activation. In our work, we apply classical molecular dynamics simulations and enhanced sampling approaches to analyze the behavior of these micro-switches and their impact on the stabilization of particular receptor conformational states. Our analysis shows that differences in the conformational freedom of helix 6 between both receptors could explain their different G protein-coupling capacity. In particular, as compared to the 5-HT1B receptor, helix 6 movement in the 5-HT2B receptor can be constrained by two different mechanisms. On the one hand, an anchoring effect of ergotamine, which shows an increased capacity to interact with the extracellular part of helices 5 and 6 and stabilize them, hinders activation of a hydrophobic connector region at the center of the receptor. On the other hand, this connector region in an inactive conformation is further stabilized by unconserved contacts extending to the intracellular part of the 5-HT2B receptor, which hamper opening of the G protein binding site. This work highlights the importance of considering receptor capacity to adopt different conformational states from a dynamic perspective in order to underpin the structural basis of functional selectivity.
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MESH Headings
- Binding Sites
- Databases, Protein
- Ergotamine/chemistry
- Ergotamine/metabolism
- Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions
- Molecular Dynamics Simulation
- Protein Stability
- Protein Structure, Tertiary
- Receptor, Serotonin, 5-HT1B/chemistry
- Receptor, Serotonin, 5-HT1B/metabolism
- Receptor, Serotonin, 5-HT2B/chemistry
- Receptor, Serotonin, 5-HT2B/metabolism
- Serotonin Receptor Agonists/chemistry
- Serotonin Receptor Agonists/metabolism
- Thermodynamics
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Martí-Solano
- Research Programme on Biomedical Informatics (GRIB), Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ferran Sanz
- Research Programme on Biomedical Informatics (GRIB), Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Manuel Pastor
- Research Programme on Biomedical Informatics (GRIB), Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jana Selent
- Research Programme on Biomedical Informatics (GRIB), Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), Barcelona, Spain
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7
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Williams DA, Zaidi SA, Zhang Y. 5-Hydroxy-2-(2-phenylethyl)chromone (5-HPEC): a novel non-nitrogenous ligand for 5-HT2B receptor. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2014; 24:1489-92. [PMID: 24582985 PMCID: PMC4003898 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2014.02.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2013] [Revised: 01/28/2014] [Accepted: 02/04/2014] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Chromones are a class of natural products found in almost every known terrestrial plant with over 4000 naturally occurring derivatives having been isolated and structurally elucidated. Recently, 5-hydroxy-2-(2-phenylethyl)chromone (5-HPEC), isolated from Imperata cylindrical, showed neuroprotective activity against glutamate induced excitotoxicity in primary cultures of rat cortical cells. In comparison to other naturally occurring neuroprotective chromones, 5-HPEC contains fewer hydroxyl groups. Here we report our most recent characterization on this interesting natural product against a number of CNS receptors for the purpose to identify the potential molecular targets that may be related to its biological activity. Based on our studies, including radiobinding assays, calcium flux functional assays and molecular modeling studies, 5-HPEC may represent a type of novel nonnitrogenous ligands to the 5-HT2B receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dwight A Williams
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University, 410 North 12th Street, PO Box 980613, Richmond, VA 23298-0613, United States.
| | - Saheem A Zaidi
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Virginia Commonwealth University, BioTech One, Suite 205, 800 E. Leigh St., PO Box 980540, Richmond, VA 23298-0540, United States
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Virginia Commonwealth University, BioTech One, Suite 205, 800 E. Leigh St., PO Box 980540, Richmond, VA 23298-0540, United States.
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8
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Liu W, Wacker D, Gati C, Han GW, James D, Wang D, Nelson G, Weierstall U, Katritch V, Barty A, Zatsepin NA, Li D, Messerschmidt M, Boutet S, Williams GJ, Koglin JE, Seibert MM, Wang C, Shah ST, Basu S, Fromme R, Kupitz C, Rendek KN, Grotjohann I, Fromme P, Kirian RA, Beyerlein KR, White TA, Chapman HN, Caffrey M, Spence JC, Stevens RC, Cherezov V. Serial femtosecond crystallography of G protein-coupled receptors. Science 2013; 342:1521-4. [PMID: 24357322 PMCID: PMC3902108 DOI: 10.1126/science.1244142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 331] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
X-ray crystallography of G protein-coupled receptors and other membrane proteins is hampered by difficulties associated with growing sufficiently large crystals that withstand radiation damage and yield high-resolution data at synchrotron sources. We used an x-ray free-electron laser (XFEL) with individual 50-femtosecond-duration x-ray pulses to minimize radiation damage and obtained a high-resolution room-temperature structure of a human serotonin receptor using sub-10-micrometer microcrystals grown in a membrane mimetic matrix known as lipidic cubic phase. Compared with the structure solved by using traditional microcrystallography from cryo-cooled crystals of about two orders of magnitude larger volume, the room-temperature XFEL structure displays a distinct distribution of thermal motions and conformations of residues that likely more accurately represent the receptor structure and dynamics in a cellular environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Liu
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Daniel Wacker
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Cornelius Gati
- Center for Free Electron Laser Science, DESY, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Gye Won Han
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Daniel James
- Department of Physics, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA
| | - Dingjie Wang
- Department of Physics, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA
| | - Garrett Nelson
- Department of Physics, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA
| | - Uwe Weierstall
- Department of Physics, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA
| | - Vsevolod Katritch
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Anton Barty
- Center for Free Electron Laser Science, DESY, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Nadia A. Zatsepin
- Department of Physics, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA
| | - Dianfan Li
- School of Medicine and School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity College, Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Marc Messerschmidt
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - Sébastien Boutet
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - Garth J. Williams
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - Jason E. Koglin
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - M. Marvin Seibert
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
- Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics, Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Uppsala University, Husargatan 3 (Box 596), SE-751 24 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Chong Wang
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Syed T.A. Shah
- School of Medicine and School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity College, Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Shibom Basu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA
| | - Raimund Fromme
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA
| | - Christopher Kupitz
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA
| | - Kimberley N. Rendek
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA
| | - Ingo Grotjohann
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA
| | - Petra Fromme
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA
| | - Richard A. Kirian
- Center for Free Electron Laser Science, DESY, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
- Department of Physics, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA
| | | | - Thomas A. White
- Center for Free Electron Laser Science, DESY, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Henry N. Chapman
- Center for Free Electron Laser Science, DESY, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
- Institute for Experimental Physics, University of Hamburg, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
- Center for Ultrafast Imaging, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Martin Caffrey
- School of Medicine and School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity College, Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - John C.H. Spence
- Department of Physics, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA
| | - Raymond C. Stevens
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Vadim Cherezov
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
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9
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Isberg V, Paine J, Leth-Petersen S, Kristensen JL, Gloriam DE. Structure-activity relationships of constrained phenylethylamine ligands for the serotonin 5-HT2 receptors. PLoS One 2013; 8:e78515. [PMID: 24244317 PMCID: PMC3820707 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0078515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2013] [Accepted: 09/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Serotonergic ligands have proven effective drugs in the treatment of migraine, pain, obesity, and a wide range of psychiatric and neurological disorders. There is a clinical need for more highly 5-HT2 receptor subtype-selective ligands and the most attention has been given to the phenethylamine class. Conformationally constrained phenethylamine analogs have demonstrated that for optimal activity the free lone pair electrons of the 2-oxygen must be oriented syn and the 5-oxygen lone pairs anti relative to the ethylamine moiety. Also the ethyl linker has been constrained providing information about the bioactive conformation of the amine functionality. However, combined 1,2-constriction by cyclization has only been tested with one compound. Here, we present three new 1,2-cyclized phenylethylamines, 9–11, and describe their synthetic routes. Ligand docking in the 5-HT2B crystal structure showed that the 1,2-heterocyclized compounds can be accommodated in the binding site. Conformational analysis showed that 11 can only bind in a higher-energy conformation, which would explain its absent or low affinity. The amine and 2-oxygen interactions with D3.32 and S3.36, respectively, can form but shift the placement of the core scaffold. The constraints in 9–11 resulted in docking poses with the 4-bromine in closer vicinity to 5.46, which is polar only in the human 5-HT2A subtype, for which 9–11 have the lowest affinity. The new ligands, conformational analysis and docking expand the structure-activity relationships of constrained phenethylamines and contributes towards the development of 5-HT2 receptor subtype-selective ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vignir Isberg
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - James Paine
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Sebastian Leth-Petersen
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jesper L. Kristensen
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - David E. Gloriam
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- * E-mail:
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10
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Abstract
Structural details of how ligands bind to serotonin receptors should guide the development of pharmaceuticals with fewer side effects.
[Also see Reports by
Wang
et al.
and
Wacker
et al.
]
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Affiliation(s)
- Krzysztof Palczewski
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, 2109 Adelbert Road, Cleveland, OH 44106–4965, USA. ;
| | - Philip D. Kiser
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, 2109 Adelbert Road, Cleveland, OH 44106–4965, USA. ;
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11
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Niebert M, Vogelgesang S, Koch UR, Bischoff AM, Kron M, Bock N, Manzke T. Expression and function of serotonin 2A and 2B receptors in the mammalian respiratory network. PLoS One 2011; 6:e21395. [PMID: 21789169 PMCID: PMC3138749 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0021395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2011] [Accepted: 05/27/2011] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurons of the respiratory network in the lower brainstem express a variety of serotonin receptors (5-HTRs) that act primarily through adenylyl cyclase. However, there is one receptor family including 5-HT2A, 5-HT2B, and 5-HT2C receptors that are directed towards protein kinase C (PKC). In contrast to 5-HT2ARs, expression and function of 5-HT2BRs within the respiratory network are still unclear. 5-HT2BR utilizes a Gq-mediated signaling cascade involving calcium and leading to activation of phospholipase C and IP3/DAG pathways. Based on previous studies, this signal pathway appears to mediate excitatory actions on respiration. In the present study, we analyzed receptor expression in pontine and medullary regions of the respiratory network both at the transcriptional and translational level using quantitative RT-PCR and self-made as well as commercially available antibodies, respectively. In addition we measured effects of selective agonists and antagonists for 5-HT2ARs and 5-HT2BRs given intra-arterially on phrenic nerve discharges in juvenile rats using the perfused brainstem preparation. The drugs caused significant changes in discharge activity. Co-administration of both agonists revealed a dominance of the 5-HT2BR. Given the nature of the signaling pathways, we investigated whether intracellular calcium may explain effects observed in the respiratory network. Taken together, the results of this study suggest a significant role of both receptors in respiratory network modulation.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antibodies/immunology
- Antibody Specificity/immunology
- Calcium/metabolism
- Fluorescence
- Gene Expression Regulation/drug effects
- In Vitro Techniques
- Male
- Mammals/metabolism
- Medulla Oblongata/cytology
- Medulla Oblongata/drug effects
- Medulla Oblongata/metabolism
- Mice
- Pons/cytology
- Pons/drug effects
- Pons/metabolism
- Rats
- Receptor, Serotonin, 5-HT2A/genetics
- Receptor, Serotonin, 5-HT2A/metabolism
- Receptor, Serotonin, 5-HT2B/chemistry
- Receptor, Serotonin, 5-HT2B/genetics
- Receptor, Serotonin, 5-HT2B/metabolism
- Recombinant Proteins/metabolism
- Reproducibility of Results
- Respiration/drug effects
- Respiratory System/drug effects
- Respiratory System/metabolism
- Serotonin 5-HT2 Receptor Antagonists/pharmacology
- Signal Transduction/drug effects
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcus Niebert
- Department of Neuro- and Sensory Physiology, Georg-August-University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
- German Research Council Research Center for Molecular Physiology of the Brain, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Steffen Vogelgesang
- Department of Neuro- and Sensory Physiology, Georg-August-University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
- German Research Council Research Center for Molecular Physiology of the Brain, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Uwe R. Koch
- Department of Neuro- and Sensory Physiology, Georg-August-University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Anna-Maria Bischoff
- Department of Neuro- and Sensory Physiology, Georg-August-University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Miriam Kron
- German Research Council Research Center for Molecular Physiology of the Brain, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Nathalie Bock
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Georg-August-University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Till Manzke
- Department of Neuro- and Sensory Physiology, Georg-August-University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
- German Research Council Research Center for Molecular Physiology of the Brain, Göttingen, Germany
- * E-mail:
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12
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Hajjo R, Grulke C, Golbraikh A, Setola V, Huang XP, Roth BL, Tropsha A. Development, validation, and use of quantitative structure-activity relationship models of 5-hydroxytryptamine (2B) receptor ligands to identify novel receptor binders and putative valvulopathic compounds among common drugs. J Med Chem 2010; 53:7573-86. [PMID: 20958049 PMCID: PMC3438292 DOI: 10.1021/jm100600y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Some antipsychotic drugs are known to cause valvular heart disease by activating serotonin 5-HT(2B) receptors. We have developed and validated binary classification QSAR models capable of predicting potential 5-HT(2B) actives. The classification accuracies of the models built to discriminate 5-HT(2B) actives from the inactives were as high as 80% for the external test set. These models were used to screen in silico 59,000 compounds included in the World Drug Index, and 122 compounds were predicted as actives with high confidence. Ten of them were tested in radioligand binding assays and nine were found active, suggesting a success rate of 90%. All validated actives were then tested in functional assays, and one compound was identified as a true 5-HT(2B) agonist. We suggest that the QSAR models developed in this study could be used as reliable predictors to flag drug candidates that are likely to cause valvulopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rima Hajjo
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry and Natural Products, School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599
| | - Christopher Grulke
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry and Natural Products, School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599
| | - Alexander Golbraikh
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry and Natural Products, School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599
| | - Vincent Setola
- National Institute of Mental Health Psychoactive Drug Screening Program, Division of Medicinal Chemistry and Natural Products and Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599
| | - Xi-Ping Huang
- National Institute of Mental Health Psychoactive Drug Screening Program, Division of Medicinal Chemistry and Natural Products and Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599
| | - Bryan L. Roth
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry and Natural Products, School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599
- National Institute of Mental Health Psychoactive Drug Screening Program, Division of Medicinal Chemistry and Natural Products and Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599
| | - Alexander Tropsha
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry and Natural Products, School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599
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13
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Setola V, Dukat M, Glennon RA, Roth BL. Molecular Determinants for the Interaction of the Valvulopathic Anorexigen Norfenfluramine with the 5-HT2B Receptor. Mol Pharmacol 2005; 68:20-33. [PMID: 15831837 DOI: 10.1124/mol.104.009266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
S-(+)-Norfenfluramine (SNF)-an active metabolite of the now-banned anorexigen fenfluramine-has been implicated in the drug's appetite-suppressing actions and its life-threatening cardiovascular side effects. SNF reduces appetite through serotonin 5-HT(2C) receptor activation; it causes cardiopulmonary side effects through 5-HT(2B) receptor activation. Thus, we attempted to identify molecular determinants of SNF binding to 5-HT(2B) receptors distinct from those underlying SNF-5-HT(2C/2A) receptor interactions. Mutagenesis implicated Val2.53 in SNF binding to 5-HT(2B) receptors. Ligand docking simulations suggested both Val2.53 gamma-methyl groups form stabilizing van der Waals' (vdW) interactions with the alpha-methyl group of SNF. A V2.53L mutation induced a 17-fold decrease in affinity; molecular dynamics (MD) simulations suggested that this decrease resulted from the loss of one 2.53-alpha-methyl group vdW interaction. Supporting this, 1) the binding of norfenfluramine (NF) analogs lacking an S-(+) alpha-methyl group (RNF and alpha-desmethyl-NF) was less sensitive to the V2.53L mutation, and 2) a V2.53A mutation decreased SNF affinity 190-fold, but decreased RNF and alpha-desmethyl-NF affinities only 16- and 45-fold, respectively. We next addressed whether the alpha-methyl group of SNF contributes to 5-HT(2C/2A) receptor affinity. Removal of the alpha-methyl group (RNF and alpha-desmethyl-NF), which reduced 5-HT(2B) receptor binding 3-fold, did not affect 5-HT(2C/2A) receptor binding. An alpha-ethyl substituent (alpha-ethyl-NF), which decreased 5-HT(2B) receptor affinity 46-fold, reduced 5-HT(2C) and 5-HT(2A) receptor binding by 14- and 5-fold, respectively. Finally, we determined that residue 2.53 affects SNF potency and efficacy at 5-HT(2B) receptors but not at 5-HT(2C) and 5-HT(2A) receptors. In conclusion, vdW interactions between residue 2.53 and the alpha-methyl group of SNF contribute to the ligand's 5-HT(2) receptor subtype-selective pharmacology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Setola
- Department of Biochemistry, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106-4935, USA
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14
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Deraet M, Manivet P, Janoshazi A, Callebert J, Guenther S, Drouet L, Launay JM, Maroteaux L. The natural mutation encoding a C terminus-truncated 5-hydroxytryptamine 2B receptor is a gain of proliferative functions. Mol Pharmacol 2004; 67:983-91. [PMID: 15625277 DOI: 10.1124/mol.104.008268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Although potentially implicated in several physiological functions, few functional mutations have been identified in the human 5-hydroxytryptamine (HT)(2B) receptor gene. A heterozygous mutation R393X in the 5-HT(2B) receptor was recently identified in a patient diagnosed with pulmonary hypertension after intake of the anorexigenic dexfenfluramine. Although reported to generate a lack of function, this C terminus-truncated 5-HT(2B) receptor should somehow affect transduction pathways relevant to pulmonary hypertension. In our study, we investigated putative modifications in transduction of the R393X-mutated 5-HT(2B) receptor. In stably transfected cells, we confirmed the loss of inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate stimulation caused by the G(alphaq) uncoupling, despite conserved ligand affinity between the normal and mutated receptors. We also observed a partial loss of nitric-oxide synthase stimulation. However, the truncated R393X receptor presented 1) a strong gain of efficacy in cell proliferation as assessed by mitogen-activated protein kinase activity and thymidine incorporation, 2) a preferential coupling to G(alpha13) as shown by blocking antiserum, and 3) an apparent lack of internalization upon agonist stimulation as observed by confocal microscopy. This work demonstrates that, in the 5-HT(2B) receptor, the C terminus, including the palmitoylation and phosphorylation sites, is absolutely required for proper transduction and internalization. For the first time, we show that the lack of C terminus can generate a switch of coupling to G(alpha13), a reduced NO synthase activation, and an increase in cell proliferation. All these modifications are relevant in pathophysiological vasoconstriction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maud Deraet
- INSERM U616 Hospital Pitié-Salpetrière, Batiment Pédiatrie, 47 boulevard de l'Hôpital, 75651 Paris Cedex 13, France
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15
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MESH Headings
- Actins/chemistry
- Actins/genetics
- Animals
- Cattle
- Gene Expression Profiling/methods
- Glyceraldehyde-3-Phosphate Dehydrogenases/chemistry
- Glyceraldehyde-3-Phosphate Dehydrogenases/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/chemistry
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- RNA-Directed DNA Polymerase/chemistry
- Receptor, Serotonin, 5-HT1A/chemistry
- Receptor, Serotonin, 5-HT1A/genetics
- Receptor, Serotonin, 5-HT1B/chemistry
- Receptor, Serotonin, 5-HT1B/genetics
- Receptor, Serotonin, 5-HT2B/chemistry
- Receptor, Serotonin, 5-HT2B/genetics
- Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction/methods
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Affiliation(s)
- Anders Ståhlberg
- Department of Chemistry and Biosciences, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden.
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