1
|
ALGhasab NS, Alshehri B, Altamimi LA, Assiri RA, AlYousef LA, ALMesned S, ALreshidi FS, Kharabsheh SM, Al-Saud SA, Alharbi W. Cardiac anomalies associated with Escobar syndrome: A case report and a review of the literature. Medicine (Baltimore) 2021; 100:e26687. [PMID: 34397695 PMCID: PMC8322495 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000026687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE Escobar syndrome (ES) is an autosomal recessive disorder. It is highly characterized by facial abnormalities, congenital diaphragmatic muscle weakness, myasthenic-like features, and skin pterygiums on multiple body legions. ES is a rare condition associated with many external and internal abnormalities. The internal malformations described in ES affect many organs including the heart, lungs, esophagus, liver, spleen, and intestine. The purpose of this paper is to explore the cardiac manifestations associated with ES. PATIENT CONCERNS A 3.5-year-old girl, who was born for double first cousins, was admitted to the hospital for neuromuscular evaluation of multiple congenital contractures. DIAGNOSIS The girl was diagnosed with ES and isolated dextrocardia which is a rare cardiac manifestation. However, to the best of our knowledge, no similar cases have been reported to date, and this case is thus believed to be very rare. INTERVENTIONS The patient underwent an operative intervention to correct the bilateral fixed flexion deformity at her knees which was related to the posterior bilateral fibrotic bands/pterygia. OUTCOMES Post-operatively, complete knee extension was obtained, the patient was fitted with a cast and extension night splint. She was discharged alive and had no complications. The patient was followed regularly in the orthopedic clinic and had periodic physiotherapy sessions. CONCLUSIONS ES and isolated dextrocardia concurrence in the presented case resulted from different pathogenic mechanisms. Our findings suggest that ES might be caused by dysfunction in the acetylcholine receptor throughout fetal life, which may have affected muscle strength and movement. Other cardiac conditions include hypoplastic left-sided heart, Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, patent ductus arteriosus, and heterotaxia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Naif Saad ALGhasab
- Department of Internal Medicine, Medical College, Ha’il University, Ha’il, Saudi Arabia
| | - Bandar Alshehri
- Adult Cardiology Department, Prince Sultan Cardiac Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Raghad Asaad Assiri
- College of Medicine, Al-Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Loujain Ahmad AlYousef
- College of Medicine, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sulaman ALMesned
- Department of Surgery, Medical College, Qassim University, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fayez Saud ALreshidi
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Hail, Hail, Saudi Arabia
| | - Suleiman M. Kharabsheh
- Department of Cardiovascular Disease, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sara Abou Al-Saud
- Department of Cardiac Science, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Waleed Alharbi
- Department of Cardiac Science, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Liu N, Gao M, Yu Z. Dysfunction of dermal initial lymphatics of the arm and upper body quadrant causes congenital arm lymphedema. J Vasc Surg Venous Lymphat Disord 2020; 9:482-488. [PMID: 32599305 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvsv.2020.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to explore the pathologic process underlying primary lymphedema. METHODS Twenty-seven patients with unilateral congenital arm lymphedema who visited our clinic from January 1, 2014, to May 30, 2019, were enrolled. The patients' clinical signs and the findings of indocyanine green (ICG) lymphography, skin tissue immunohistochemical staining, and whole exome sequencing of tissue and blood were evaluated. RESULTS Among the 27 patients, 11 were diagnosed with stage II and 16 were diagnosed with stage III lymphedema. No lymphatic vessels were visualized in the affected arm in 25 of 27 (93%) patients who underwent ICG lymphography; likewise, no lymphatics were found in the territories of axillary lymph node drainage in the trunk, irrespective of any anomalies of the axillary lymph nodes. In only two (7%) patients, an unclear lymphatic trunk gradually appeared in the dorsum of the affected hand. The number of initial lymphatics was increased in the skin specimens of all nine patients in whom lymphatics were not demonstrated by ICG lymphography. Among 14 tested patients, we found compound heterozygote variants in the PIEZO1 gene in only one (7%) patient. Two missense variants, c.4072C>T; p.Arg1358Cys and c.5033C>T; p. Ala1678Val, were identified and found to have been inherited from the father and mother, respectively. No other pathogenic or likely pathogenic variants of currently known lymphedema-related genes were identified in the remaining 13 patients. No genetic difference was found between the lymphedematous and nonedematous healthy skin tissue of the same person. CONCLUSIONS Segmental or regional dysfunction of the dermal initial lymphatics causes congenital arm lymphedema and may have implications for clinical treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ningfei Liu
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Minzhe Gao
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ziyou Yu
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Ayoub S, Ghali N, Angwin C, Baker D, Baffini S, Brady AF, Giovannucci Uzielli ML, Giunta C, Johnson DS, Kosho T, Neas K, Pope FM, Rutsch F, Scarselli G, Sobey G, Vandersteen A, van Dijk FS. Clinical features, molecular results, and management of 12 individuals with the rare arthrochalasia Ehlers-Danlos syndrome. Am J Med Genet A 2020; 182:994-1007. [PMID: 32091183 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.61523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Revised: 12/22/2019] [Accepted: 01/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Arthrochalasia Ehlers-Danlos syndrome (aEDS) is a rare autosomal dominant connective tissue disorder that is characterized by congenital bilateral hip dislocations, severe generalized joint hypermobility, recurrent joint (sub)luxations, and skin hyperextensibility. To date, 42 patients with aEDS have been published. We report 12 patients with aEDS from 10 families with 6 unpublished individuals and follow-up data on 6 adult patients. The clinical features are largely comparable with patients reported in the literature. Most (n = 10) patients had variants leading to (partial) loss of exon 6 of the COL1A1 or COL1A2 genes. One patient did not have a previously reported likely pathogenic COL1A1 variant. Data regarding management were retrieved. Hip surgery was performed in 5/12 patients and 3/12 patients underwent spinal surgery. As much as 4/12 patients were wheelchair-bound or unable to walk unaided. Fractures were present in 9/12 individuals with 1 patient requiring bisphosphonate treatment. Echocardiograms were performed in 10 patients and 2 individuals showed an abnormality likely unrelated to aEDS. One patient gave birth to two affected children and went through preterm labor requiring medication but had no additional complications. Of the eight adults in our cohort, the majority entered a career. Our data point toward a genotype-phenotype relationship with individuals with aEDS due to pathogenic COL1A1 variants causing complete or partial loss of exon 6 being more severely affected regarding musculoskeletal features. There is a significant lack of knowledge with regard to management of aEDS, particularly in adulthood. As such, systematic follow-up and multidisciplinary treatment is essential.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sandy Ayoub
- Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome National Diagnostic Service, Northwick Park and St. Mark's Hospitals, Harrow, London, UK
| | - Neeti Ghali
- Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome National Diagnostic Service, Northwick Park and St. Mark's Hospitals, Harrow, London, UK
| | - Chloe Angwin
- Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome National Diagnostic Service, Northwick Park and St. Mark's Hospitals, Harrow, London, UK
| | - Duncan Baker
- Sheffield Children's NHS Foundation Trust, Sheffield Diagnostic Genetics Service, Sheffield, UK
| | | | - Angela F Brady
- Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome National Diagnostic Service, Northwick Park and St. Mark's Hospitals, Harrow, London, UK
| | | | - Cecilia Giunta
- Connective Tissue Unit, Division of Metabolism and Children's Research Centre, University Children's Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Diana S Johnson
- Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome National Diagnostic Service, Sheffield Children's Hospital, Sheffield, UK
| | - Tomoki Kosho
- Department of Medical Genetics, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan
| | - Katherine Neas
- Genetic Health Service New Zealand, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - F Michael Pope
- Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome National Diagnostic Service, Northwick Park and St. Mark's Hospitals, Harrow, London, UK
| | - Frank Rutsch
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | | | - Glenda Sobey
- Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome National Diagnostic Service, Sheffield Children's Hospital, Sheffield, UK
| | - Anthony Vandersteen
- Maritime Medical Genetics Service, IWK Health Centre, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Fleur S van Dijk
- Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome National Diagnostic Service, Northwick Park and St. Mark's Hospitals, Harrow, London, UK
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Bernardes Filho F, Machado CC, Queiroz RM, Nery B. Hallmark Cutaneous Signs of Infective Endocarditis. J Emerg Med 2018; 54:876-877. [PMID: 29685477 DOI: 10.1016/j.jemermed.2018.02.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2018] [Revised: 02/11/2018] [Accepted: 02/24/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Fred Bernardes Filho
- Emergency Department, Hospital Imaculada Conceição da Sociedade Portuguesa de Beneficência, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil; Dermatology Division, Department of Medical Clinics, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Caio Cavalcante Machado
- Emergency Department, Hospital Imaculada Conceição da Sociedade Portuguesa de Beneficência, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil; Reumatology Division, Department of Medical Clinics, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Rodolfo Mendes Queiroz
- Department of Radiology and Imaging, Santa Casa da Misericórdia of Avaré, Avaré, São Paulo, Brazil; CENTROMED Diagnóstico por Imagem, Avaré, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Breno Nery
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hospital Imaculada Conceição da Sociedade Portuguesa de Beneficência, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Wigby K, Twigg SRF, Broderick R, Davenport KP, Wilkie AOM, Bickler SW, Jones MC. Gastrointestinal disorders in Curry-Jones syndrome: Clinical and molecular insights from an affected newborn. Am J Med Genet A 2017; 173:1586-1592. [PMID: 28386950 PMCID: PMC5933242 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.38232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2016] [Accepted: 03/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Curry-Jones syndrome (CJS) is a pattern of malformation that includes craniosynostosis, pre-axial polysyndactyly, agenesis of the corpus callosum, cutaneous and gastrointestinal abnormalities. A recurrent, mosaic mutation of SMO (c.1234 C>T; p.Leu412Phe) causes CJS. This report describes the gastrointestinal and surgical findings in a baby with CJS who presented with abdominal obstruction and reviews the spectrum of gastrointestinal malformations in this rare disorder. A 41-week, 4,165 g, female presented with craniosynostosis, pre-axial polysyndactyly, and cutaneous findings consistent with a clinical diagnosis of CJS. The infant developed abdominal distension beginning on the second day of life. Surgical exploration revealed an intestinal malrotation for which she underwent a Ladd procedure. Multiple small nodules were found on the surface of the small and large bowel in addition to an apparent intestinal duplication that seemed to originate posterior to the pancreas. Histopathology of serosal nodules revealed bundles of smooth muscle with associated ganglion cells. Molecular analysis demonstrated the SMO c.1234 C>T mutation in varying amounts in affected skin (up to 35%) and intestinal hamartoma (26%). Gastrointestinal features including structural malformations, motility disorders, and upper GI bleeding are major causes of morbidity in CJS. Smooth muscle hamartomas are a recognized feature of children with CJS typically presenting with abdominal obstruction requiring surgical intervention. A somatic mutation in SMO likely accounts for the structural malformations and predisposition to form bowel hamartomas and myofibromas. The mutation burden in the involved tissues likely accounts for the variable manifestations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kristen Wigby
- Department of PediatricsUniversity of California San Diego and Rady Children's Hospital ‐ San DiegoSan DiegoCalifornia
| | - Stephen R. F. Twigg
- Clinical Genetics GroupWeatherall Institute of Molecular MedicineUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| | - Ryan Broderick
- Department of SurgeryUniversity of California San Diego and Rady Children's Hospital ‐ San DiegoSan DiegoCalifornia
| | - Katherine P. Davenport
- Department of SurgeryUniversity of California San Diego and Rady Children's Hospital ‐ San DiegoSan DiegoCalifornia
| | - Andrew O. M. Wilkie
- Clinical Genetics GroupWeatherall Institute of Molecular MedicineUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| | - Stephen W. Bickler
- Department of SurgeryUniversity of California San Diego and Rady Children's Hospital ‐ San DiegoSan DiegoCalifornia
| | - Marilyn C. Jones
- Department of PediatricsUniversity of California San Diego and Rady Children's Hospital ‐ San DiegoSan DiegoCalifornia
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Chohan O, Daugherty RJ, Bartoshesky L. Restrictive Dermopathy: A Rare Disease with Unusual Radiographic Findings. Del Med J 2016; 88:308-310. [PMID: 29894032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The patient is a unique case presenting with presumed Restrictive Dermopathy (RD) and intracranial and adrenal calcifications, an association not previously described in the literature. This case postulates the possibility of additional radiographic features that can be included in the spectrum of RD or as secondary events from the underlying pathophysiology of RD.
Collapse
|
7
|
Nuovo S, Passeri M, Di Benedetto E, Calanchini M, Meldolesi I, Di Giacomo MC, Petruzzi D, Piemontese MR, Zelante L, Sangiuolo F, Novelli G, Fabbri A, Brancati F. Characterization of endocrine features and genotype-phenotypes correlations in blepharophimosis-ptosis-epicanthus inversus syndrome type 1. J Endocrinol Invest 2016; 39:227-33. [PMID: 26100530 DOI: 10.1007/s40618-015-0334-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2015] [Accepted: 06/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Blepharophimosis syndrome (BPES) is an autosomal dominant genetic condition resulting from heterozygous mutations in the FOXL2 gene and clinically characterized by an eyelid malformation associated (type I) or not (type II) with premature ovarian failure. The distinction between the two forms is critical for female patients, as it may allow to predict fertility and to plan an appropriate therapy. Identifying an underlying causative mutation is not always predictive of the clinical type of BPES since genotype-phenotype correlations are not yet fully delineated. Here, we describe the clinical and hormonal phenotypes of three female patients with BPES type 1 from two novel families, correlate their phenotypes with identified mutations, and investigate the effects of hormone replacement therapy (HRT). METHODS Clinical, biochemical, and genetic evaluation were undertaken in all the patients and genotype-phenotype correlation was analyzed. The effects of substitutive hormonal therapy on secondary sexual characteristics development and induction of menarche were evaluated. RESULTS All patients presented with primary amenorrhea or other signs of ovarian dysfunction. Two distinct mutations, a missense p.H104R change and an in-frame p.A222_A231dup10 duplication in the FOXL2 gene were identified. Observed phenotypes were not in accordance with the prediction based on the current genotype-phenotype correlations. HRT significantly improved secondary sexual characteristics development, as well as the induction of menarche. CONCLUSIONS This study highlights the importance of early recognition of BPES and emphasizes the need of personalized therapy and follow-up in female patients carrying distinct FOXL2 mutations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Nuovo
- Unità di Genetica Medica, Policlinico Universitario Tor Vergata, 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - M Passeri
- Unità di Endocrinologia, Dipartimento di Medicina dei Sistemi, Polo Ospedaliero Sant'Eugenio & CTO A. Alesini, Università Tor Vergata, 00145, Rome, Italy
| | - E Di Benedetto
- Unità di Endocrinologia, Dipartimento di Medicina dei Sistemi, Polo Ospedaliero Sant'Eugenio & CTO A. Alesini, Università Tor Vergata, 00145, Rome, Italy
| | - M Calanchini
- Unità di Endocrinologia, Dipartimento di Medicina dei Sistemi, Polo Ospedaliero Sant'Eugenio & CTO A. Alesini, Università Tor Vergata, 00145, Rome, Italy
| | - I Meldolesi
- Ginecologia, Consultorio Giovani, ASL RM/H, 00045, Rome, Italy
| | - M C Di Giacomo
- U.O.C Anatomia Patologica AOR Ospedale San Carlo, 85100, Potenza, Italy
| | - D Petruzzi
- U.O. Ostetricia e Ginecologia AOR Ospedale San Carlo, 85100, Potenza, Italy
| | - M R Piemontese
- Genetica Medica, Ospedale Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, 71013, San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
| | - L Zelante
- Genetica Medica, Ospedale Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, 71013, San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
| | - F Sangiuolo
- Unità di Genetica Medica, Policlinico Universitario Tor Vergata, 00133, Rome, Italy
- Dipartimento di Biomedicina e Prevenzione, Università Tor Vergata, 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - G Novelli
- Unità di Genetica Medica, Policlinico Universitario Tor Vergata, 00133, Rome, Italy
- Dipartimento di Biomedicina e Prevenzione, Università Tor Vergata, 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - A Fabbri
- Unità di Endocrinologia, Dipartimento di Medicina dei Sistemi, Polo Ospedaliero Sant'Eugenio & CTO A. Alesini, Università Tor Vergata, 00145, Rome, Italy.
| | - F Brancati
- Unità di Genetica Medica, Policlinico Universitario Tor Vergata, 00133, Rome, Italy.
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche, Orali e Biotecnologiche, Università D'Annunzio, 66013, Chieti, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Ye Z, Zhan BL, Zhan YZ. [Use of vacuum sealing drainage and mesh grafting in treating defects of skin and soft tissue in foot]. Zhongguo Gu Shang 2010; 23:167-169. [PMID: 20415066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the therapeutic effectiveness of vacuum sealing drainage (VSD) technique and mesh grafting in treating defects of skin and soft tissues in foot. METHODS A retrospective analysis was done on 17 cases (11 male and 6 female) suffering from defects of skin and soft tissues in foot, which were treated by vacuum sealing drainage and mesh grafting. The age of patients was from 18 to 67 years with an average of 43 years. The wound surface was filled with polyvinyl alcohol gelatin sponge after debridement and continuous negative pressure drainage was taken for 24 h. After 7 days, granulation tissue growing mesh grafting was performed and to observe the skin colour, survival rate and feet function. RESULTS All the infection of wounds was controlled with VSD for 1 to 3 times. Skin survival rate of 14 cases more than 98%, 2 cases more than 95%; skin edge of 1 case had little necrosis, but foot function obtained rehabilitation after dress-changing. CONCLUSION Vacuum sealing drainage (VSD) technique and mesh grafting is effective methods for the treatment of defects of skin and soft tissues in foot and is worthy generalization and application.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhou Ye
- Department of Orthopaedics, People's Hospital of Quzhou, Quzhou 324000, Zhejiang, China.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Abstract
The dermal-epidermal basement membrane zone is an important epithelial and stromal interface, consisting of an intricately organized collection of intracellular, transmembrane, and extracellular matrix proteins. The basement membrane zone has several main functions including acting as a permeability barrier, forming an adhesive interface between epithelial cells and the underlying matrix, and controlling cellular organization and differentiation. This article identifies key molecular players of the dermal-epidermal membrane zone, and highlights recent research studies that have identified structural and functional roles of these components in the context of various blistering, neoplastic, and developmental syndromes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Myung S Ko
- Program in Epithelial Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, 269 Campus Drive, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Choi B, Jia W, Channual J, Kelly KM, Lotfi J. The importance of long-term monitoring to evaluate the microvascular response to light-based therapies. J Invest Dermatol 2007; 128:485-8. [PMID: 17657245 PMCID: PMC3494406 DOI: 10.1038/sj.jid.5700991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bernard Choi
- Beckman Laser Institute and Medical Clinic, University of California, Irvine, California, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Wangcun Jia
- Beckman Laser Institute and Medical Clinic, University of California, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Jennifer Channual
- Beckman Laser Institute and Medical Clinic, University of California, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Kristen M. Kelly
- Beckman Laser Institute and Medical Clinic, University of California, Irvine, California, USA
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Justin Lotfi
- Beckman Laser Institute and Medical Clinic, University of California, Irvine, California, USA
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Scheithauer MO, Rettinger G. Gestörte Schutzfunktion der GesichtshautOperative Behandlung bei Funktionsstörungen der Gesichtshaut. Laryngorhinootologie 2005; 84 Suppl 1:S233-47. [PMID: 15846556 DOI: 10.1055/s-2005-861148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M O Scheithauer
- HNO-Klinik und Poliklinik des Universitätsklinikums Ulm, Prittwitzstrasse 45, 89075 Ulm.
| | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Adolphe C, Narang M, Ellis T, Wicking C, Kaur P, Wainwright B. An in vivo comparative study of sonic, desert and Indian hedgehog reveals that hedgehog pathway activity regulates epidermal stem cell homeostasis. Development 2004; 131:5009-19. [PMID: 15371305 DOI: 10.1242/dev.01367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Despite the well-characterised role of sonic hedgehog (Shh) in promoting interfollicular basal cell proliferation and hair follicle downgrowth, the role of hedgehog signalling during epidermal stem cell fate remains largely uncharacterised. In order to determine whether the three vertebrate hedgehog molecules play a role in regulating epidermal renewal we overexpressed sonic(Shh), desert (Dhh) and Indian (Ihh) hedgehog in the basal cells of mouse skin under the control of the human keratin 14 promoter. We observed no overt epidermal morphogenesis phenotype in response to Ihh overexpression, however Dhh overexpression resulted in a range of embryonic and adult skin manifestations indistinguishable from Shh overexpression. Two distinct novel phenotypes were observed amongst Shh and Dhh transgenics, one exhibiting epidermal progenitor cell hyperplasia with the other displaying a complete loss of epidermal tissue renewal indicating deregulation of stem cell activity. These data suggest that correct temporal regulation of hedgehog activity is a key factor in ensuring epidermal stem cell maintenance. In addition, we observed Shh and Dhh transgenic skin from both phenotypes developed lesions reminiscent of human basal cell carcinoma (BCC), indicating that BCCs can be generated despite the loss of much of the proliferative (basal) compartment. These data suggest the intriguing possibility that BCC can arise outside the stem cell population. Thus the elucidation of Shh (and Dhh)target gene activation in the skin will likely identify those genes responsible for increasing the proliferative potential of epidermal basal cells and the mechanisms involved in regulating epidermal stem cell fate.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christelle Adolphe
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, and Special Research Centre for Functional and Applied Genomics, University of Queensland, Victoria, Australia
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Affiliation(s)
- Abhay Lodha
- Shared Program in Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
| | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Gontier E, Cario-André M, Vergnes P, Lepreux S, Surlève-Bazeille JE, Taïeb A. The role of E-cadherin in nevogenesis: an experimental study using epidermal reconstructs. Exp Dermatol 2004; 13:326-31. [PMID: 15140023 DOI: 10.1111/j.0906-6705.2004.00155.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the development of congenital nevi, how nevus cells migrate in the dermis remains unclear. As shown in an earlier study designed to investigate Unna's Abtropfung hypothesis, dermal invasion does not occur when nevus cells are seeded on epidermal reconstructs. In melanoma, the decrease of E-cadherin expression is associated with the dermal invasion of melanoma cells. OBJECTIVE To study the expression of E-cadherin in dermal-cultured nevus cells from congenital nevi and its relevance to explain the absence of dermal invasion noted in epidermis reconstructed with cultured nevus cells. METHODS Comparison of the immunohistochemical expression pattern of E-cadherin in congenital nevi in vivo and after culture in monolayers and in a three-dimensional system. RESULTS E-cadherin was not expressed in vivo by dermal nevus cells, either isolated or in nests. However, in monolayer cultures, dermal nevus cells expressed E-cadherin. When these cells were used in reconstructed epidermis, nevus cells did not invade the dermis and they expressed E-cadherin when isolated and just weakly or not when grouped in junctional nests. CONCLUSIONS The absence of dermal invasion of nevus cells could be due to the expression of E-cadherin in these cells in reconstructed epidermis. Our experiments suggest, a restoration of the control of keratinocytes, that nevus cells escape in the dermal compartment.
Collapse
|
15
|
Abstract
Using conditional gene targeting in mice, we show that BMP receptor IA is essential for the differentiation of progenitor cells of the inner root sheath and hair shaft. Without BMPRIA activation, GATA-3 is down-regulated and its regulated control of IRS differentiation is compromised. In contrast, Lef1 is up-regulated, but its regulated control of hair differentiation is still blocked, and BMPRIA-null follicles fail to activate Lef1/β-catenin–regulated genes, including keratin genes. Wnt-mediated transcriptional activation can be restored by transfecting BMPRIA-null keratinocytes with a constitutively activated β-catenin. This places the block downstream from Lef1 expression but upstream from β-catenin stabilization. Because mice lacking the BMP inhibitor Noggin fail to express Lef1, our findings support a model, whereby a sequential inhibition and then activation of BMPRIA is necessary to define a band of hair progenitor cells, which possess enough Lef1 and stabilized β-catenin to activate the hair specific keratin genes and generate the hair shaft.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Krzysztof Kobielak
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Laboratory of Mammalian Cell Biology and Development, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10021-6399, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Abstract
We report a child with Costello syndrome and Chiari I malformation. The medical literature has several case reports of findings peculiar for each of these two clinical entities that, when investigated, can actually be found in both processes. Recent reports have shown additional medical coincidences for the Chiari I malformation, which, unlike the Chiari II malformation, was once thought not to have many additional associations. We propose that both Costello syndrome and other clinical entities that have potential mesodermal or ectodermal deficiencies (eg, Chiari I malformation and phakomatoses, respectively) could have common dysgeneses. Further case reports from other institutions regarding Costello syndrome and Chiari I malformation are now necessary to confirm our findings. Our hope is that these data will potentially add to our knowledge of the etiology of both Costello syndrome and Chiari I malformation and potentially aid in the definition of a genetic locus for both entities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R Shane Tubbs
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Koster MI, Huntzinger KA, Roop DR. Epidermal differentiation: transgenic/knockout mouse models reveal genes involved in stem cell fate decisions and commitment to differentiation. J Investig Dermatol Symp Proc 2002; 7:41-5. [PMID: 12518791 DOI: 10.1046/j.1523-1747.2002.19639.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Epidermal development and differentiation are similar processes and therefore the study of one is likely to provide insight into the other. The signaling cascades required for epidermal differentiation are largely unknown. Recent evidence, however, has implicated two proteins, p63 and c-Myc, in different stages of epidermal development and differentiation. p63 was shown to be required for embryonic epidermal development. Mice lacking p63 do not develop stratified epithelia and appendages suggesting a role for p63 in the commitment to squamous epithelial lineages. Subsequent stem cell fate decisions are required to form the different structures of stratified epithelia including hair follicles, sebaceous glands, and epidermis. Several genes of the Wnt signaling pathway have been implicated in this process, including c-Myc, a downstream target of the Wnt pathway. Interestingly, targeted overexpression of c-Myc in the basal layer of the epidermis results in an increase in sebaceous gland size and number at the expense of hair follicles. This suggests that c-Myc promotes differentiation of epidermal stem cells into sebaceous glands. In this review, we discuss transgenic/knockout mouse models that have provided evidence linking c-Myc and p63 to different stages of epidermal development and differentiation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maranke I Koster
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
De Felice C, Latini G, Vacca P, Kopotic RJ. The pulse oximeter perfusion index as a predictor for high illness severity in neonates. Eur J Pediatr 2002; 161:561-2. [PMID: 12297906 DOI: 10.1007/s00431-002-1042-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2002] [Accepted: 07/09/2002] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Claudio De Felice
- Dipartimento di Pediatria Ostetricia e Medicina della Riproduzione, Azienda Ospedaliera Senese, Viale M Bracci 16, 53100 Siena, Italy.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
List K, Haudenschild CC, Szabo R, Chen W, Wahl SM, Swaim W, Engelholm LH, Behrendt N, Bugge TH. Matriptase/MT-SP1 is required for postnatal survival, epidermal barrier function, hair follicle development, and thymic homeostasis. Oncogene 2002; 21:3765-79. [PMID: 12032844 DOI: 10.1038/sj.onc.1205502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 261] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2002] [Revised: 03/15/2002] [Accepted: 03/19/2002] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Matriptase/MT-SP1 is a novel tumor-associated type II transmembrane serine protease that is highly expressed in the epidermis, thymic stroma, and other epithelia. A null mutation was introduced into the Matriptase/MT-SP1 gene of mice to determine the role of Matriptase/MT-SP1 in epidermal development and neoplasia. Matriptase/MT-SP1-deficient mice developed to term but uniformly died within 48 h of birth. All epidermal surfaces of newborn mice were grossly abnormal with a dry, red, shiny, and wrinkled appearance. Matriptase/MT-SP1-deficiency caused striking malformations of the stratum corneum, characterized by dysmorphic and pleomorphic corneocytes and the absence of vesicular bodies in transitional layer cells. This aberrant skin development seriously compromised both inward and outward epidermal barrier function, leading to the rapid and fatal dehydration of Matriptase/MT-SP1-deficient pups. Loss of Matriptase/MT-SP1 also seriously affected hair follicle development resulting in generalized follicular hypoplasia, absence of erupted vibrissae, lack of vibrissal hair canal formation, ingrown vibrissae, and wholesale abortion of vibrissal follicles. Furthermore, Matriptase/MT-SP1-deficiency resulted in dramatically increased thymocyte apoptosis, and depletion of thymocytes. This study demonstrates that Matriptase/MT-SP1 has pleiotropic functions in the development of the epidermis, hair follicles, and cellular immune system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karin List
- Oral and Pharyngeal Cancer Branch, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, 30 Convent Drive, Bethesda, Maryland, MD 20892, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Abstract
A defective epidermal permeability barrier (EPB) in premature birth remains a leading cause of neonatal death as a result of its associated complications, which include poor temperature stability, infection by micro-organisms through the skin, and the outflow of water. Despite its importance in survival, the mechanisms involved in the formation and maintenance of the EPB are not well understood. To address the possibility that claudins, a new superfamily of tight junctional molecules, are involved, we engineered transgenic mice with claudin 6 (Cldn6) overexpressed via the involucrin (Inv) promoter. Interestingly, the Inv-Cldn6 transgenic animals die within 2 days of birth, apparently due to the lack of an intact EPB as evidenced by increased water loss and the penetration of X-gal through the skin. Barrier dysfunction was manifested biochemically by the aberrant expression of late epidermal differentiation markers, including K1, filaggrin, loricrin, transglutaminase 3, involucrin, repetin, members of the SPRR family and the transcriptional regulator Klf4. The overall claudin profile of the epidermis was also modified. Our data suggest that repetin and SPRR1A and 2A are downregulated in response to the downregulation of Klf4 in the transgenic animals, which would contribute to decreased protein crossbridging leading to fragile, defective cornified envelopes. These results provide new insights into the role of claudin 6 in epithelial differentiation and EPB formation. In addition, the epidermal phenotype of these transgenic mice, which is very reminiscent of that in pre-term infant skin, suggest that they will be an important and novel model for studies on human premature EPB-related morbidity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kursad Turksen
- Ottawa Health Research Institute, Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
| | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Affiliation(s)
- I C Valencia
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami School of Medicine, 1600 NW 10 Avenue (R-250), Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Verloes A, Hermanns-Lê T, Lesenfants S, Lombet J, Lamotte PJ, Crèvecoeur-Liégeois C, Duchesne B, Piérard GE. Koraxitrachitic syndrome: a syndromic form of self-healing collodion baby with residual dappled atrophy of the derma. Am J Med Genet 1999; 86:454-8. [PMID: 10508988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/14/2023]
Abstract
We report on a child with a generalized skin disorder associated with other minor anomalies. At birth, the child presented as a collodion baby, with patchy erythema, generalized irregular dermal atrophy, alopecia, absent eyelashes and eyebrows, and conjunctival pannus. He also had hypertelorism, prominent nasal root, large mouth, micrognathia, brachydactyly, syndactyly involving all interdigital spaces, and camptodactyly of fingers III-V. The hyperkeratotic membrane thinned progressively, leaving a mottled reticulated skin atrophy, with patchy areas of yellowish hyperpigmentation and papyraceous areas. Hair and nails were dystrophic. Mental development was borderline normal. The histological hallmarks of the skin manifestations combined orthokeratotic hyperkeratosis and marked atrophy of the dermis. The dermal extracellular matrix was immature, and factor XIII-a positive dendrocytes were rare and globular rather than dendritic. We frame as a hypothesis that the disease is due to or associated with a defect in maturation of a subset of dermal dendrocytes during fetal life. This entity may be designed as the koraxitrachitic syndrome (kappaomicronrhoalphaxi:grapnel- taurhoalphachiiotatauepsilonsigma: roughness)
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Verloes
- Wallonia Center for Human Genetics, Liège University, Liège, Belgium.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Jong MC, Gijbels MJ, Dahlmans VE, Gorp PJ, Koopman SJ, Ponec M, Hofker MH, Havekes LM. Hyperlipidemia and cutaneous abnormalities in transgenic mice overexpressing human apolipoprotein C1. J Clin Invest 1998; 101:145-52. [PMID: 9421476 PMCID: PMC508550 DOI: 10.1172/jci791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Transgenic mice were generated with different levels of human apolipoprotein C1 (APOC1) expression in liver and skin. At 2 mo of age, serum levels of cholesterol, triglycerides (TG), and FFA were strongly elevated in APOC1 transgenic mice compared with wild-type mice. These elevated levels of serum cholesterol and TG were due mainly to an accumulation of VLDL particles in the circulation. In addition to hyperlipidemia, APOC1 transgenic mice developed dry and scaly skin with loss of hair, dependent on the amount of APOC1 expression in the skin. Since these skin abnormalities appeared in two independent founder lines, a mutation related to the specific insertion site of the human APOC1 gene as the cause for the phenotype can be excluded. Histopathological analysis of high expressor APOC1 transgenic mice revealed a disorder of the skin consisting of epidermal hyperplasia and hyperkeratosis, and atrophic sebaceous glands lacking sebum. In line with these results, epidermal lipid analysis showed that the relative amounts of the sebum components TG and wax diesters in the epidermis of high expressor APOC1 transgenic mice were reduced by 60 and 45%, respectively. In addition to atrophic sebaceous glands, the meibomian glands were also found to be severely atrophic in APOC1 transgenic mice. High expressor APOC1 transgenic mice also exhibited diminished abdominal adipose tissue stores (a 60% decrease compared with wild-type mice) and a complete deficiency of subcutaneous fat. These results indicate that, in addition to the previously reported inhibitory role of apoC1 on hepatic remnant uptake, overexpression of apoC1 affects lipid synthesis in the sebaceous gland and/or epidermis as well as adipose tissue formation. These APOC1 transgenic mice may serve as an interesting in vivo model for the investigation of lipid homeostasis in the skin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M C Jong
- TNO-Prevention and Health, Gaubius Laboratory, 2301 CE Leiden, The Netherlands
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|