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Franklin P, Arber A, Ream E. Priorities for enhancing nurses' and social workers' competence and confidence in helping families support dependent children through parental death. A classic-Delphi survey. BMC Palliat Care 2024; 23:122. [PMID: 38760809 PMCID: PMC11102151 DOI: 10.1186/s12904-024-01452-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Annually, approximately five per cent of dependent children - aged under eighteen years - in the United Kingdom (UK), experience parental death. Nurses and social workers caring for parents with life-limiting illnesses, including cancer, help families support their children. However, these professionals have been found to lack confidence and competence in fulfilling this role. METHODS We conducted three rounds of a classic-Delphi survey to identify and measure a panel of topic experts' consensus on the priorities and issues for nurses and social workers when supporting families and children through parental death. The Delphi survey was conducted with a panel of UK topic experts (n=43) including lead health and social care professionals (n=30), parents bereaved of a partner whilst parenting dependent children (n=6), academics (n=4) and bereaved young adults (n=3). RESULTS Ninety per cent (n=18/20) of the issues for nurses and social workers and all (7/7) of the priorities rated and ordered in the survey achieved consensus. Key priorities were 1) training in opening conversations with families about dependent children, 2) training and support for nurses and social workers to manage their own and others' emotions arising from conversations with parents about children's needs regarding parental death, and 3) increasing nurses' and social workers' knowledge of sources of information to support families before the death of a parent. CONCLUSION We identified priorities for UK nurses and social workers. Further research is needed to identify which of these nurses and social workers would benefit most from support, and how any resultant interventions could enhance confidence and competence in helping families to support children through parental death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Penny Franklin
- School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health & Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Kate Granger Building, 30 Priestley Road, Surrey Research Park, Guildford, Surrey, England, GU2 7YH, UK.
- Department of Pastoral and Spiritual Care, Royal Devon University Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust, Royal Devon and Exeter Hospital, Barrack Road, Exeter, Devon, England, EX2 5DW, UK.
| | - Anne Arber
- School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health & Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Kate Granger Building, 30 Priestley Road, Surrey Research Park, Guildford, Surrey, England, GU2 7YH, UK
| | - Emma Ream
- School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health & Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Kate Granger Building, 30 Priestley Road, Surrey Research Park, Guildford, Surrey, England, GU2 7YH, UK
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Zhou X, Wong H. Caregiver interactions, perceived control, and meaning in life of elderly: the moderating effect of the elderly-to-social worker ratio. BMC Geriatr 2024; 24:431. [PMID: 38750411 PMCID: PMC11097439 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-024-05029-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Meaning in life is a widely accepted aim in promoting psychosocial health in institutional care. However, how caregiver interaction and perceived control impact meaning in life among the elderly remains unclear. This study explores the effect of institutional caregiver interaction, family caregiver interaction, and perceived control on meaning in life among elderly residents in China, and the potential moderating effect of elderly-to-social worker ratio in these associations. METHODS Multistage random sampling was used to recruit a sample of 452 elderly residents from 4 elderly care homes in urban China. A structural equation model was used to test the study hypothesis. RESULTS Institutional caregiver interaction is positively related to meaning in life, and perceived control among elderly residents has a positive impact on meaning in life. Moreover, the elderly-to-social worker ratio moderated the relationship between institutional caregiver interaction and meaning in life, as well as between family caregiver interaction and meaning in life. CONCLUSIONS Increase elderly's meaning in life is an important service target for the caring professions in institutional care. Social workers affect the effectiveness of interventions on elderly's meaning in life in institutional care. A higher elderly-to-social worker ratio could improve the effectiveness of interventions on meaning in life for elderly residents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofan Zhou
- School of Sociology, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, China.
| | - Hung Wong
- Department of Social Work, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, The New Territories, Hong Kong, China
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Gelaw A, Parker S, Johnson A, Nguyen H, Jolly A, Forner V, Deng C, Collie A. Determinants of psychological injury among health and social care workers in community settings: A systematic review. Work 2024; 78:3-27. [PMID: 38578915 DOI: 10.3233/wor-230426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/07/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Health and Social Care (HSC) workers face psychological health risks in the workplace. While many studies have described psychological injuries in HSC workers, few have examined the determinants. Previous research has primarily focused on hospitals, lacking systematic reviews of community-based settings. OBJECTIVE To systematically identify and appraise current evidence on the determinants of psychological injuries among HSC workers in community settings. METHODS Searches were conducted in three bibliographic databases, supplemented by citation searches. Included studies focused on community-based HSC workers, reporting statistical associations between psychological injury and personal, health, occupational, or organizational factors. Quantitative studies published in English between January 1, 2000 and August 15, 2023 were included. Quality appraisal was undertaken using the JBI critical appraisal checklist. RESULTS Sixty-six studies were included. Study quality was highly variable, and all studies were cross-sectional. Twenty-three studies linked psychological injury with occupational factors (e.g. low job control, high job demands and low job satisfaction). Thirteen studies observed an association between work environment and psychological injury, and a further eleven between workplace social support and psychological injury. Fewer studies have examined the relationship between psychological injury and personal/individual factors. CONCLUSION Occupational and organisational factors are significantly associated with psychological health among HSA workers, in community settings. These aspects of job design, work environment and workplace relationships are modifiable, suggesting an opportunity for work design interventions to improve workers' psychological health and reduce the prevalence of psychological injury in this sector.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asmare Gelaw
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Sharon Parker
- Future of Work Institute, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Anya Johnson
- The University of Sydney Business School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Helena Nguyen
- The University of Sydney Business School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Anu Jolly
- Future of Work Institute, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Vivien Forner
- The University of Sydney Business School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Connie Deng
- The University of Sydney Business School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Alex Collie
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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Kranke D, Solorzano E, Weber S, Gioia D, Dobalian A. Examining Strategies among Veterans Affairs Outpatient Social Workers to Facilitate Job Retention and Emotional Well-Being during the COVID-19 Pandemic. Health & Social Work 2023; 48:241-249. [PMID: 37649354 DOI: 10.1093/hsw/hlad026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
The social work profession is dealing with an increased rate of turnover, due largely in part to the pandemic. A recent study showed that U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) inpatient social workers utilized strategies of "emotional preparedness" to retain their job during the pandemic. The aim of this current study is to explore if outpatient social workers utilized similar strategies for their own job retention. There may be differences in the strategies utilized because outpatient and inpatient social workers tend to work in different environments. In this qualitative study, authors conducted interviews with (N = 13) outpatient social workers from a VA site in the Southwestern region of the United States. Findings were analyzed thematically. Authors conducted open coding and applied a priori themes/strategies from extant research among VA inpatient social workers. Most of the a priori themes/strategies were prevalent among outpatient social workers, and two emerging themes were (1) acknowledging shared trauma and (2) human connection to overcome isolation. Strategies of emotional preparedness should be implemented on a grander scale to facilitate job retention since there is an expected deficit in the social work workforce until at least 2030.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derrick Kranke
- PhD, is health science specialist, Veterans Emergency Management Evaluation Center (VEMEC), U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs (VA), 16111 Plummer Street, North Hills, CA 91343, USA
| | - Emily Solorzano
- MPH, MA, is project manager, VEMEC, VA, North Hills, CA, USA
| | - Stephani Weber
- MSW, is social worker and DSW student, School of Social Work, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Debbie Gioia
- PhD, is associate professor, School of Social Work, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Aram Dobalian
- PhD, is director, VEMEC, VA, North Hills, CA, USA; and associate dean of graduate studies, and professor and chair, Division of Health Services Management and Policy, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
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5
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Landers J, Madden E, Furlong W. Social Workers' Experiences of Support in the Workplace during the COVID-19 Pandemic. Soc Work 2023; 68:267-276. [PMID: 37468436 DOI: 10.1093/sw/swad030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Revised: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
This qualitative study included in-depth semistructured interviews with 17 social workers from across the state of Texas that took place during the summer of 2021. The purpose of this study was to describe social workers' experiences of workplace support during the COVID-19 pandemic and provide implications for how to improve support in the workplace. The interviews were analyzed using a phenomenological approach to describe the main themes of the participants' experiences. The findings combined with current literature suggest that following the pandemic and in the case of similar prolonged disasters organizational leaders should consider supporting their social work staff by clearly communicating protocol changes, providing more autonomy and flexible work arrangements, increasing time off and financial support, and providing tangible assistance such as technological support. Leaders should also consider their social work staff's emotional well-being following the pandemic by providing therapeutic resources and bonding opportunities for staff to promote a more resilient team-like culture in the workplace.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jillian Landers
- PhD, LMSW, is a postdoctoral research fellow, Diana R. Garland School of Social Work, Baylor University, 811 Washington Avenue, Waco, TX 76701, USA
| | - Elissa Madden
- PhD, MSW, is associate professor, Diana R. Garland School of Social Work, Baylor University, Waco, TX, USA
| | - Wesley Furlong
- MSW, is a PhD candidate, Diana R. Garland School of Social Work, Baylor University, Waco, TX, USA
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6
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Allsopp K, Varese F, French P, White H, Chung P, Hassan AA, Wright SA, Young E, Barrett A, Bhutani G, McGuirk K, Huntley F, Sarsam M, Ten Cate H, Watson R, Willbourn J, Hind D. Implementing psychological support for health and social care staff affected by the COVID-19 pandemic: a qualitative exploration of staff well-being hubs ('Resilience Hubs') using normalisation process theory. BMJ Open 2023; 13:e071826. [PMID: 37612138 PMCID: PMC10450134 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2023-071826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Evaluate the implementation of Hubs providing access to psychological support for health and social care keyworkers affected by the COVID-19 pandemic. DESIGN Qualitative interviews informed by normalisation process theory to understand how the Hub model became embedded into normal practice, and factors that disrupted normalisation of this approach. SETTING Three Resilience Hubs in the North of England. PARTICIPANTS Hub staff, keyworkers who accessed Hub support (Hub clients), keyworkers who had not accessed a Hub, and wider stakeholders involved in the provision of staff support within the health and care system (N=63). RESULTS Hubs were generally seen as an effective way of supporting keyworkers, and Hub clients typically described very positive experiences. Flexibility and adaptability to local needs were strongly valued. Keyworkers accessed support when they understood the offer, valuing a confidential service that was separate from their organisation. Confusion about how Hubs differed from other support prevented some from enrolling. Beliefs about job roles, unsupportive managers, negative workplace cultures and systemic issues prevented keyworkers from valuing mental health support. Lack of support from managers discouraged keyworker engagement with Hubs. Black, Asian and minority ethnic keyworkers impacted by racism felt that the Hubs did not always meet their needs. CONCLUSIONS Hubs were seen as a valuable, responsive and distinct part of the health and care system. Findings highlight the importance of improving promotion and accessibility of Hubs, and continuation of confidential Hub support. Policy implications for the wider health and care sector include the central importance of genuine promotion of and value placed on mental health support by health and social care management, and the creation of psychologically safe work environments. Diversity and cultural competency training is needed to better reach under-represented communities. Findings are consistent with the international literature, therefore, likely to have applicability outside of the current context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kate Allsopp
- Complex Trauma and Resilience Research Unit, Greater Manchester Mental Health NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
- Division of Psychology and Mental Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
| | - Filippo Varese
- Complex Trauma and Resilience Research Unit, Greater Manchester Mental Health NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
- Division of Psychology and Mental Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
| | - Paul French
- Faculty of Health, Psychology and Social Care, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, UK
- Pennine Care NHS Foundation Trust, Ashton-under-Lyne, UK
| | - Hannah White
- Complex Trauma and Resilience Research Unit, Greater Manchester Mental Health NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
| | - Priscilla Chung
- Lancashire and South Cumbria Resilience Hub, Lancashire and South Cumbria NHS Foundation Trust, Lancashire, UK
| | - Alysha A Hassan
- Cheshire and Merseyside Resilience Hub, Mersey Care NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, UK
| | - Sally-Anne Wright
- Lancashire and South Cumbria Resilience Hub, Lancashire and South Cumbria NHS Foundation Trust, Lancashire, UK
| | - Ellie Young
- Greater Manchester Resilience Hub, Pennine Care NHS Foundation Trust, Ashton-under-Lyne, UK
| | - Alan Barrett
- Greater Manchester Resilience Hub, Pennine Care NHS Foundation Trust, Ashton-under-Lyne, UK
- School of Health Sciences, University of Salford, Salford, UK
| | - Gita Bhutani
- Lancashire and South Cumbria Resilience Hub, Lancashire and South Cumbria NHS Foundation Trust, Lancashire, UK
- School of Psychology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Katherine McGuirk
- Greater Manchester Health and Social Care Partnership, Manchester, UK
| | - Fay Huntley
- Cheshire and Merseyside Resilience Hub, Mersey Care NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, UK
- Doctorate of Clinical Psychology, School of Health in Social Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - May Sarsam
- Cheshire and Merseyside Resilience Hub, Mersey Care NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, UK
| | - Hein Ten Cate
- Lancashire and South Cumbria Resilience Hub, Lancashire and South Cumbria NHS Foundation Trust, Lancashire, UK
| | - Ruth Watson
- Greater Manchester Resilience Hub, Pennine Care NHS Foundation Trust, Ashton-under-Lyne, UK
- Greater Manchester Mental Health NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - Jenni Willbourn
- Greater Manchester Resilience Hub, Pennine Care NHS Foundation Trust, Ashton-under-Lyne, UK
| | - Daniel Hind
- School of Health and Related Research, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
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7
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Tom J, Thomas EK, Sooraj A, Uthaman SP, Tharayil HM, S L A, Radhakrishnan C. Need for social work interventions in the emergency department. Soc Work Health Care 2023; 62:302-319. [PMID: 37523327 DOI: 10.1080/00981389.2023.2238017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Abstract
This paper reports findings from a qualitative study conducted on the Need for Social work interventions in the Emergency Department (ED) at a large tertiary care center in India. The emergency department is an important social work intervention point for individuals with various psychiatric, medical, and social needs who have little or no additional interaction with social services. Social workers are specially trained to understand the impact of social factors on health outcomes and provide interventions that address social barriers to improving health and accessing community resources; social workers are well prepared to provide services in the emergency department. However, limited research is available to understand the impact of psychosocial services in the emergency department. We aimed to identify areas which require integrated social work services and coordination to address the psychosocial issues within the ED. Interviews with 10 healthcare workers are analyzed thematically. Recurring themes throughout the interviews confirm the need for providing social work interventions to ensure the medical, psychological, and social care needs in the emergency department.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jobin Tom
- Department of Psychiatric Social Work, Institute of Mental Health Neurosciences, Kozhikode, India
| | - Elizabeth K Thomas
- Department of Psychiatric Social Work, Institute of Mental Health Neurosciences, Kozhikode, India
| | - A Sooraj
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Government of Medical College, Kozhikode, India
| | - Seema P Uthaman
- Department of Psychiatric Social Work, Institute of Mental Health Neurosciences, Kozhikode, India
| | - Harish M Tharayil
- Department of Psychiatric Social Work, Institute of Mental Health Neurosciences, Kozhikode, India
| | - Akhil S L
- Department of Psychiatry, Government of Medical College, Thrissur, India
- Emergency Medicine, Government Medical College, Kozhikode
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8
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Bark H, Dixon J, Laing J. The Professional Identity of Social Workers in Mental Health Services: A Scoping Review. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2023; 20:5947. [PMID: 37297551 PMCID: PMC10252416 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20115947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Recent research into the role of mental health social work has identified a need for increased critical engagement with accounts of professional role and identity. Notably, a number of studies have found that social workers struggle to articulate their role within mental health teams and services. This study aimed to identify the ways in which social workers in mental health settings defined their professional identity and role. An international scoping review utilizing Arksey and O'Malley's method was conducted, identifying 35 papers published between 1997 and 2022. A thematic analysis grouped the findings into three predominant themes: (i) distinct social work approaches to mental health, (ii) organizational negotiations for mental health social workers, and (iii) professional negotiations for mental health social workers. These thematic findings are discussed in relation to existing research and critical perspectives, with particular emphasis on accounts of the bureaucratic and ideological functioning of professionalism in mental health services, as well as the global direction of mental health policy. This review finds that mental health social work embodies a coherent identity that aligns with international mental health policy agendas but faces significant challenges in developing and expressing this identity within mental health services.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harry Bark
- Department of Social and Policy Sciences, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, UK;
| | - Jeremy Dixon
- Department of Social and Policy Sciences, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, UK;
| | - Judy Laing
- Law School, University of Bristol, Queen’s Road, Bristol BS8 1RJ, UK
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9
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Zerden LDS, Ross AM, Cederbaum J, Guan T, Zelnick J, Ruth BJ. Race and COVID-19 among Social Workers in Health Settings: Physical, Mental Health, Personal Protective Equipment, and Financial Stressors. Health Soc Work 2023; 48:91-104. [PMID: 36869753 DOI: 10.1093/hsw/hlad002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Revised: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Social work is an essential workforce integral to the United States' public health infrastructure and response to COVID-19. To understand stressors among frontline social workers during COVID-19, a cross-sectional study of U.S-based social workers (N = 1,407) in health settings was collected (in June through August 2020). Differences in outcome domains (health, mental health, personal protective equipment [PPE] access, financial stress) were examined by workers' demographics and setting. Ordinal logistic, multinomial, and linear regressions were conducted. Participants reported moderate or severe physical (57.3 percent) and mental (58.3 percent) health concerns; 39.3 percent expressed PPE access concerns. Social workers of color were more likely to report significantly higher levels of concern across all domains. Those identifying as Black, American Indian/Alaska Native (AIAN), Asian American/Pacific Islander (AAPI), multiracial, or Hispanic/Latinx were over 50 percent more likely to experience either moderate or severe physical health concerns, 60 percent more likely to report severe mental health concerns, and over 30 percent more likely to report moderate PPE access concerns. The linear regression model was significantly associated with higher levels of financial stress for social workers of color. COVID-19 has exposed racial and social injustices that that hold true for social workers in health settings. Improved social systems are critical not just for those impacted by COVID-19, but also for the protection and sustainability of the current and future workforce responding to COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa de Saxe Zerden
- PhD, MSW, is associate professor, School of Social Work, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 325 Pittsboro Street, CB 3550, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-3550, USA
| | - Abigail M Ross
- PhD, is assistant professor, Graduate School of Social Service, Fordham University, New York, NY USA
| | - Julie Cederbaum
- PhD, is associate professor, Suzanne Dworak-Peck School of Social Work, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Ting Guan
- MS, is an assistant professor, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY, USA
| | - Jennifer Zelnick
- ScD, is social welfare policy chair and professor, Graduate School of Social Work, Touro College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Betty J Ruth
- MSW, is a retired clinical professor, School of Social Work, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
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10
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Tu B, Huang C, Sitar S, Wang Y. Supervision Effects on Negative Affect and Psychological Distress: Evidence from Social Workers in China. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2023; 20:1764. [PMID: 36767131 PMCID: PMC9913909 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20031764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Revised: 01/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Supervision is an imperative practice within the social work field. It provides social workers with support systems, ensures that social workers are adhering to professional standards, and protects clients. Research has also shown that quality supervision can improve social workers' professional capacity and reduce work stress. However, most of this research has been confined to social workers' experiences within Western countries and has been largely qualitative in nature. Thus, this study aims to examine the experience of 489 social workers based in Guangzhou, China to understand how supervision affects their negative affect and psychological distress. The findings indicate that supervision not only reduces negative affect and psychological distress amongst Chinese social workers, but also is especially effective for social workers with high job demands. When job demands are high, social workers who receive both individual and group supervision also appear to have lower negative affect and psychological distress as compared to social workers who only receive individual supervision. These findings emphasize the significance of supervision as a buffer factor to reduce negative affect and psychological distress amongst Chinese social workers who face high job demands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Tu
- Guangdong Research Center for NPO, Guangdong University of Foreign Studies, Guangzhou 510420, China
| | - Chienchung Huang
- School of Social Work, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
| | - Sophie Sitar
- Law School, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ 07102, USA
| | - Yulu Wang
- School of Public Administration, Guangdong University of Foreign Studies, Guangzhou 510420, China
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11
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Segev E. "A breath of fresh air": mindfulness training for early-career mental health social workers in Israel during COVID-19. Soc Work Health Care 2023; 62:19-40. [PMID: 36606640 DOI: 10.1080/00981389.2023.2165597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Revised: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The present study examined the effectiveness of participation in a mindfulness group for Israeli early career social workers during the COVID-19 period. Eleven participants conducting fieldwork in a mental health rehabilitation center were interviewed. The participants described a variety of benefits from their mindfulness training, in three main areas: (1) Personal: applying mindfulness in their daily life; (2) Family: improved work-life balance and family relationships; and (3) Professional: applying mindfulness in their work with mental health clients. Mental support and self-care tools provided to early-career social workers were perceived by the participants as helping them overcome uncertainty, fatigue, and overwork.
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Affiliation(s)
- Einav Segev
- School of Social Work, Sapir College D.N. Hof Ashkelon, Israel
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12
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Geoffrion S, Lamothe J, Giguère CÉ, Collin-Vézina D. The effects of adherence to professional identity, workplace aggression, and felt accountability on child protection workers' professional quality of life. Child Abuse Negl 2023; 135:105950. [PMID: 36410288 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2022.105950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Revised: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Child protection workers (CPWs) are exposed to physical and psychological violence initiated by clients. The consequences associated with exposure to this type of trauma and others are compounded by the anxiety generated by the feelings of being accountable and the constant scrutiny and monitoring CPWs are under. Previous research suggests that acting according to one's professional values can help protect against the effects of trauma exposure and the anxiety associated with being held accountable when situations devolve into crises. METHODS AND OBJECTIVES Using path analysis, this study sought to investigate how this complex intersection between client aggression, felt accountability, and professional identity among 310 CPWs is related to their professional quality of life (ProQol). RESULTS Results show that adherence to professional identity was strongly and positively associated with ProQoL scores (β = -0.42, p < .001). Felt accountability and exposure to psychological violence (but no other forms of violence) were consistently and negatively related to ProQoL scores (β = -0.42, p < .001/β = -0.20, p < .001). The impact of felt accountability on ProQoL scores can be partially explained by lowered adherence to professional identity. This suggests that the current way CPWs are held accountable and evaluated comes at odds with their professional values. CONCLUSION The article ends with a discussion on how organizational changes surrounding accountability can be anxiety-inducing for some CPWs who increasingly feel overwhelmed by the complexity of their cases. Organizations must therefore reflect on how they can better embody the values of their clinicians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steve Geoffrion
- School of Social Work, Université de Sherbrooke, 2500, boul. de l'Université, Sherbrooke, QC, J1K 2R1; Institut universitaire en santé mentale de Montréal, 7401, rue Hochelaga, Montréal, QC H1N 3M5, Canada.
| | - Josianne Lamothe
- School of Social Work, McGill University, 3506 University St., Montreal, QC H3A 2A7, Canada
| | - Charles-Édouard Giguère
- Institut universitaire en santé mentale de Montréal, 7401, rue Hochelaga, Montréal, QC H1N 3M5, Canada
| | - Delphine Collin-Vézina
- School of Social Work, McGill University, 3506 University St., Montreal, QC H3A 2A7, Canada
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13
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Wu YL, Lin TW, Yang CY, Wang SSC. Demographics, employment, and proximity to covid-19 as predictors of preparedness among Taiwanese health social workers. Soc Work Health Care 2022; 62:41-58. [PMID: 36448628 DOI: 10.1080/00981389.2022.2147627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Revised: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
COVID-19 struck the world violently and cause negative psychological consequences on health professionals. The preparedness of social workers for the pandemic is critical while facing these challenges and pressures. The study aimed to explore what are the roles of demographic, employment, and proximity to Covid-19 in predicting preparedness for the next wave of COVID among social workers in Taiwan. A total of 158 participants were conveniently sampled and multiple regression, univariate analysis, and two-way ANOVA were conducted. The results demonstrated that the demographic and employment variables significantly predicted preparedness, and there were significant differences among demographics on preparedness and an interaction effect between seniority and age. Consequently, middle-aged social workers with junior seniority years may have more difficulties in their preparation for the current situation. The implication of our findings is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Ling Wu
- Department of Education and Research, Taipei City Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tsai-Wen Lin
- EMI Professional Development Center, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Yi Yang
- Department of Health and Welfare, University of Taipei, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Social Work, Taipei City Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
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14
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Cederbaum JA, Ross AM, Zerden LDS, Estenson L, Zelnick J, Ruth BJ. "We are on the frontlines too": A qualitative content analysis of US social workers' experiences during the COVID-19 pandemic. Health Soc Care Community 2022; 30:e5412-e5422. [PMID: 35932168 PMCID: PMC9539110 DOI: 10.1111/hsc.13963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2021] [Revised: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Social work has been a part of the essential workforce historically and throughout the COVID-19 pandemic, yet lack recognition. This work explores the experiences and invisibility of social workers within the pandemic response. Data are drawn from a large cross-sectional survey of US-based social worker from June to August of 2020. A summative content analysis of responses to the question 'What do you wish people knew about social work during the COVID-19 pandemic' was undertaken. Participants (n = 515) were majority white (72.1%) and female (90.8%). Seven coding categories were subsequently collapsed into three domains: (1) meeting basic needs, (2) well-being (emotional distress and dual role) and (3) professional invisibility (workplace equals, physical safety, professional invisibility and organisational invisibility). Meeting social needs requires broad-based policies that strengthen the health and social safety net. Social workers have and will continue to play a critical role in the response, and recovery from COVID-19. Organisational and governmental policies must expand to increase the visibility and responsiveness to the needs of social care providers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie A. Cederbaum
- Suzanne Dworak‐Peck School of Social WorkUniversity of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
| | - Abigail M. Ross
- Graduate School of Social ServiceFordham UniversityNew York CityNew YorkUSA
| | - Lisa de Saxe Zerden
- School of Social WorkUniversity of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - Lilly Estenson
- Leonard Davis School of GerontologyUniversity of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
| | - Jennifer Zelnick
- Touro College Graduate School of Social WorkNew York CityNew YorkUSA
| | - Betty J. Ruth
- School of Social WorkBoston UniversityBostonMassachusettsUSA
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15
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Powathil GG, Kr A. Perception of Social Workers on the Psychosocial Issues of End-Stage Renal Disease Patients during COVID-19: A Qualitative Study. Soc Work Public Health 2022; 37:679-691. [PMID: 35502498 DOI: 10.1080/19371918.2022.2072441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has a significant impact on the routine care of patients with chronic illnesses. Patients with existing conditions such as diabetes, and cardiovascular disease are more susceptible to COVID-19 and are likely to experience more severe illnesses. COVID-19 infection leads to adverse clinical outcomes, more severe disease, higher mortality, and poor prognosis in patients with chronic kidney disease. The patient and caregiver would be in extreme distress with the fear of getting infected from the frequent exposure. The present study attempts to explore the perception of social workers on the psychosocial issues of persons with End-Stage Renal Disease during the COVID-19 pandemic period by using social cognitive theory and the social-ecological model as theoretical frameworks. Our study followed a qualitative design that employed a thematic analysis approach. We conducted in-depth telephonic interviews with six social workers in the nephrology setting. Three theme categories emerged as per data analysis. The first was the social worker's perception of psychosocial issues of patients with End-Stage Renal Disease. The second theme was related to the emerging role of the social worker and the skills acquired during this period and the third theme was the challenges experienced and the resilience of social workers in the nephrology setting. The study shows that patients are in extreme distress as they are more vulnerable to COVID-19 infection and it also highlighted the significance of social work practice in the nephrology setting.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anish Kr
- Department of Social Work, Rajagiri College of Social Sciences, Kochi, India
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16
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Fu F, Ji Q, Chen Y, Cao Q. Resilience, perceived social support and professional quality of life among medical social workers during COVID-19 pandemic in Mainland China: A cross-sectional survey. Soc Work Health Care 2022; 61:261-279. [PMID: 35875878 DOI: 10.1080/00981389.2022.2101582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Revised: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
As COVID-19 rapidly overwhelmed the world in 2020, medical social workers have fought against the disease on the front lines as a member of medical teams, but little is known about the impact of the pandemic on their mental health. This study investigated the resilience, perceived social support and professional quality of life of medical social workers in Mainland China under the influence of the COVID-19 pandemic. An online questionnaire survey was applied to 319 respondents and the results showed that informal support was positively related with compassion satisfaction (r = 0.67, p < .01) and negatively correlated with job burnout (r = -0.51, p < .01) while formal support was positively associated with compassion satisfaction (r = 0.61, p < .01) and negatively associated with job burnout (r = -0.44. p < .01). Resilience was positively correlated with compassion satisfaction (r = 0.56, p < .01) and negatively correlated with job burnout (r = -0.49, p < .01). Nevertheless, neither perceived social support nor resilience was associated with secondary traumatic stress. The regression results further highlighted the role of informal social support on job burnout. Measures should be taken to enhance the professional quality of life for medical social workers during a public health crisis .
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Fu
- School of Social Development and Public Policy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qingying Ji
- Social Work Department, Shanghai Children Medical Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuting Chen
- Social Work Department, Shanghai Children Medical Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Qi Cao
- Social Work Department, Shanghai Children Medical Center, Shanghai, China
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17
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Goh SN, Fan G, Cheng S, Khaing N. COVID 19 pandemic: Impact of changes experienced on social workers' professional quality of life in Singapore. Soc Work Health Care 2022; 61:298-322. [PMID: 35819057 DOI: 10.1080/00981389.2022.2092582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Revised: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
COVID-19 has impacted all spheres of life massively. Among the emerging studies on the psychosocial impact of the pandemic, few studies look specifically at how social workers are impacted. To understand this gap, this study surveyed 337 social workers. The findings showed that changes experienced in the workplace were enormous and caused secondary traumatic stress while engendering compassion satisfaction among social workers, but the presence of social support moderated to keep the secondary traumatic stress at bay. Resilience mediated association between social and workplace support and compassion fatigue. Social support seemed to have the largest effect on reducing stress through resilience. Workplace support also helped mitigate burnout. In conclusion, continued social and workplace support will be key to supporting social workers during a pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- S N Goh
- Medical Social Services, Changi General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - G Fan
- Psychosocial Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - S Cheng
- Medical Social Services, Sengkang General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Nee Khaing
- Health Services Research, Changi General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
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18
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Fish JLH. Genericism and managerialism: The limits to AMHP professionalisation and expertise. Int J Law Psychiatry 2022; 83:101818. [PMID: 35834871 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijlp.2022.101818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Revised: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The Mental Health Act as amended 2007 democratised who could qualify for the Approved Mental Health Professional (AMHP) role to include not only social workers, but psychologists, occupational therapists, and nurses. The amendments raised questions on how to appropriately train AMHPs from the professional groups without social work education to have adequate skills and decision-making capacity when considering the use of compulsory powers. Essential to the AMHP role is the obligation to 'bear in mind the social perspective', which incorporates the social dimensions to a persons mental health presentation and is considered a safeguard against the erroneous detention of service users. However, despite claims to further professionalise AMHPs there has been a difficulty defining what AMHP expertise is. This paper draws upon 'theories of professionalisation' to argue that the genericism movement and the adoption of New Public Management has limited the professionalisation of AMHPs and therefore adequate implementation of 'the social perspective'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica L H Fish
- Centre for Social Ethics and Policy, The University of Manchester School of Law, The Williamson Building, 176 Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9QQ, UK.
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19
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Curd J, Hong M. "We Are All Just Walking Each Other Home": Exploring the Lived Experiences of Rural Hospice Social Workers in "Companioning" the Dying. J Soc Work End Life Palliat Care 2022; 18:252-272. [PMID: 35787780 DOI: 10.1080/15524256.2022.2093313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Social workers play a critical role on the hospice team including assessing risk and safety, advocacy, grief counseling, referral and connection to resources and providing guidance through advance care planning and advance directives. However, the voice of the rural hospice social worker is often absent from research. To address this gap in the literature, this study aimed to explore lived experiences of rural hospice social workers to better understand their role and challenges. Non-experimental qualitative research design was used for this study. Data was collected through in-depth qualitative interviews. A total of 19 rural hospice social workers participated in the study. We used a phenomenological approach focusing on the common lived experiences of rural hospice social workers and thus interviews were unstructured. Field notes and data were collected until data saturation was achieved. Five main themes were identified: (1) meaning of hospice social work, (2) role of hospice social workers, (3) vulnerability and realness, (4) self-care, and (5) rural culture. Based on these findings, we identified recommendations for hospice social work practice, research and policy, in general, as well as for rural hospice social work specifically. Future research could explore lived experiences of hospice professionals or of the dying and could also explore social worker experience of resource barriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Curd
- Indiana University School of Social Work, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Michin Hong
- Indiana University School of Social Work, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
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20
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Agha AA, Onalu C, Chidebe R. Bridging the Gap: Investigating the Role of Social Workers in Supporting Metastatic Breast Cancer Patients in Nigeria. Soc Work Public Health 2022; 37:244-257. [PMID: 34816769 DOI: 10.1080/19371918.2021.1999878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Cancer is a disease common in every country around the globe with high incidences and deaths. Receiving a breast cancer diagnosis is often associated with a death sentence which makes the individual exhibit self-denial attributes, mixed negative emotions, depression, and anxiety. This study investigated the gap in supportive care and the role of social workers in the management of metastatic breast cancer patients in Nigeria. This study employed a qualitative method using Key Informant Interviews (KII). A total of 12 healthcare professionals in the area of medical social work, palliative care, and medical oncology were engaged in collecting the required information. The result revealed that social workers play significant roles in every aspect of the cancer care continuum - diagnosis, treatment, reintegration, or palliative care. Social workers help metastatic breast cancer patients in Nigeria, however, there are growing challenges to their roles. Most unskilled professionals often present themselves as social workers who do not meet professional standards or perform the best practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agha Ali Agha
- Department of Social Work, University of Nigera, Nsukka, Nigeria
| | - Chinyere Onalu
- Department of Social Work, University of Nigera, Nsukka, Nigeria
| | - Runcie Chidebe
- Project PINK BLUE - Health & Psychological Trust Centre, Nigeria
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21
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Sabzi Khoshnami M, Javadi MH, Noruzi S, Azari Arghun T, Sayar S, Arian M. Planning and Implementing the Protocol for Psychosocial Interventions by Social Workers in Iranian Healthcare Centers against COVID-19. Soc Work Public Health 2022; 37:224-232. [PMID: 34851781 DOI: 10.1080/19371918.2021.1997863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The present study aims to plan the protocol for providing psychosocial support by social workers in Iranian healthcare centers and reaching consensus in terms of implementing and offering comprehensive service to individuals dealing with the COVID-19 pandemic. This qualitative study consists of four phases. The first phase, the literature review involved studying valid databases, while the second and third phases consisted of collecting data through the Focus Group Discussions with 23 specialists and experts in the field of social work and mental health. Having been designed, the protocol was then applied and assessed for two months in all the state health centers around Iran (633 hospitals). In the present study, Interventions used by the social workers were divided into 9 types: psychosocial assessment, counseling, training, working with the family, intervention in the crisis, intra- and extra-organizational support-seeking, referral and safe discharge. Interventions used by social workers were also divided based on the health center (psychosocial support for the target groups and bereavement intervention for the survivors) and the services offered in convalescent care facilities. This protocol leading social workers into the fields of bereavement interventions, inter-organizational interventions, working with families and working with the medical staff.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Sabzi Khoshnami
- Ph.D Student of Social Work, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hossein Javadi
- Department of Social Work, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sara Noruzi
- Ph.D Of Social Work, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, khorramabad, Iran
| | | | - Soraya Sayar
- PhD in Sociology, Islamic Azad University of North Tehran, Iran
| | - Moslem Arian
- Phd Student of Rehabilitation Counseling, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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22
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Davies H, Cheung M. COVID-19 and First Responder Social Workers: An Unexpected Mental Health Storm. Soc Work 2022; 67:114-122. [PMID: 35092291 DOI: 10.1093/sw/swac007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Revised: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
COVID-19 has disproportionally affected people living in poverty; new immigrants; and those living in healthcare settings (hospitals, clinics, and nursing homes), shelters, detention centers, and prisons. The pandemic has also significantly impacted social workers who face hidden mental health consequences. The resultant feelings and behaviors are similar to disaster-induced trauma, including excessive rumination, hypervigilance, exhaustion, and excessive crying as a result of the adrenaline-driven fight-or-flight response. This article aims to provide information for social workers to protect their own mental health while caring for their clients and raise awareness about social workers' needs in frontline duties. It summarizes five challenges for first responder social workers: (1) COVID-19 impacts on resource constraints, (2) employment insecurity, (3) disenfranchised guilt, (4) physical distancing and caution fatigue, and (5) managing self-care. The article offers recommendations to ameliorate distress and promote advocacy efforts for readjustment. As COVID-19 cases continue to rise, social workers who provide essential care in the field need self-assessment to better understand the impacts these challenges have on them as helpers. The article ends with recommendations to encourage social workers to apply the strengths-based approach to exemplify their professional values in times of pandemic distress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Holly Davies
- is the Mary R. Lewis Endowed Professor in Children & Youth, Graduate College of Social Work, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Monit Cheung
- is the Mary R. Lewis Endowed Professor in Children & Youth, Graduate College of Social Work, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA
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23
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Chudasama RV, Khunti K, Ekezie WC, Pareek M, Zaccardi F, Gillies CL, Seidu S, Davies MJ, Chudasama YV. COVID-19 vaccine uptake and hesitancy opinions from frontline health care and social care workers: Survey data from 37 countries. Diabetes Metab Syndr 2022; 16:102361. [PMID: 34920206 PMCID: PMC8648371 DOI: 10.1016/j.dsx.2021.102361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Revised: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Vaccine hesitancy is an ongoing major challenge. We aimed to assess the uptake and hesitancy of the COVID-19 vaccination. METHODS A short online survey was posted between April 12 to July 31, 2021 targeted at health and social care workers (HCWs) across the globe. RESULTS 275 from 37 countries responded. Most were hospital or primary care physicians or nurses, 59% women, aged 18-60 years, and 21% had chronic conditions with most prevalent being diabetes, hypertension, and asthma. We found that most HCWs (93%) had taken or willing to receive the COVID-19 vaccine. While 7% were vaccine hesitant (mainly women aged 30-39 years), respondents main concerns was the safety or potential side effects. Vaccine willing respondents raised concerns of unequal access to the COVID-19 vaccination in some countries, and highlighted that the only solution to overcoming COVID-19 infections was the vaccine booster doses given annually and free mass vaccination. CONCLUSIONS This study found that the majority of the frontline HCWs are willing to receive the COVID-19 vaccine. Further promotion of the COVID-19 vaccine would reassure and persuade HCWs to become vaccinated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radika V Chudasama
- Leicester Real World Evidence Unit, Diabetes Research Centre, Leicester General Hospital, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK.
| | - Kamlesh Khunti
- Leicester Real World Evidence Unit, Diabetes Research Centre, Leicester General Hospital, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK; Diabetes Research Centre, College of Life Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester General Hospital, Leicester, UK.
| | - Winifred C Ekezie
- Diabetes Research Centre, College of Life Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester General Hospital, Leicester, UK.
| | - Manish Pareek
- Department of Respiratory Sciences, University of Leicester, UK; Department of Infection and HIV Medicine, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, UK.
| | - Francesco Zaccardi
- Leicester Real World Evidence Unit, Diabetes Research Centre, Leicester General Hospital, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK.
| | - Clare L Gillies
- Leicester Real World Evidence Unit, Diabetes Research Centre, Leicester General Hospital, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK.
| | - Samuel Seidu
- Leicester Real World Evidence Unit, Diabetes Research Centre, Leicester General Hospital, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK; Diabetes Research Centre, College of Life Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester General Hospital, Leicester, UK.
| | - Melanie J Davies
- Diabetes Research Centre, College of Life Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester General Hospital, Leicester, UK; NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, Leicester Diabetes Centre, Leicester, UK.
| | - Yogini V Chudasama
- Leicester Real World Evidence Unit, Diabetes Research Centre, Leicester General Hospital, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK.
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24
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of this training project is to develop and host Interprofessional Communication courses to improve interdisciplinary communication in oncology care. The initial national course was held in a virtual format and included pre- and post-course participant data. The curriculum was developed with support from the National Cancer Institute. METHODS A virtual two-day course was held to equip nurses, social workers, and chaplains with vital communication skills in oncology practice, so that they could return to their home institutions and teach communication skills to other healthcare professionals, with the intention of making improved communication a quality improvement goal. Fifty-two participants were selected through an application process to attend the virtual course in two-person interprofessional teams (e.g., nurse and chaplain, or social worker and nurse). The Interprofessional Communication Curriculum was based on the National Consensus Project for Quality Palliative Care's eight domains of quality palliative care. The six online modules developed by the investigators were presented in lectures, supplemented by discussion groups, role plays, and other methods of experiential learning. RESULTS Pre- and post-course results identified areas of communication, which are a priority for improvement by oncology clinicians. Participant goals identified specific strategies to be implemented by participants in their settings. SIGNIFICANCE OF RESULTS The need for communication training was clearly demonstrated across professions in this national training course. Participants were able to apply course content to their goals for quality improvement in cancer settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haley Buller
- Division of Nursing Research and Education, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA 91010
| | - Betty R. Ferrell
- Division of Nursing Research and Education, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA 91010
| | - Judith A. Paice
- Feinberg School of Medicine, Division of Hematology-Oncology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
| | - Myra Glajchen
- MJHS Institute for Innovation in Palliative Care, New York, NY
| | - Trace Haythorn
- Association for Clinical Pastoral Education (ACPE), Atlanta, GA 30308
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25
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Billings J, Abou Seif N, Hegarty S, Ondruskova T, Soulios E, Bloomfield M, Greene T. What support do frontline workers want? A qualitative study of health and social care workers' experiences and views of psychosocial support during the COVID-19 pandemic. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0256454. [PMID: 34473755 PMCID: PMC8412294 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0256454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The COVID-19 pandemic has placed a significant burden on the mental health and wellbeing of frontline health and social care workers. The need to support frontline staff has been recognised. However, there is to date little research specifically on how best to support the mental health needs of frontline workers, and none on their own experiences and views about what might be most helpful. AIMS We set out to redress this research gap by qualitatively exploring UK frontline health and social care workers' own experiences and views of psychosocial support during the pandemic. METHOD Frontline health and social care workers were recruited purposively through social media and by snowball sampling via healthcare colleagues. Workers who volunteered to take part in the study were interviewed remotely following a semi-structured interview guide. Transcripts of the interviews were analysed by the research team following the principles of Reflexive Thematic Analysis. RESULTS We conducted 25 interviews with frontline workers from a variety of professional groups working in health and social care settings across the UK. Themes derived from our analysis showed that workers' experiences and views about psychosocial support were complex. Peer support was many workers' first line of support but could also be experienced as a burden. Workers were ambivalent about support shown by organisations, media and the public. Whilst workers valued psychological support services, there were many disparities in provision and barriers to access. CONCLUSIONS The results of this study show that frontline health and social care workers are likely to need a flexible system of support including peer, organisational and professional support. More research is needed to fully unpack the structural, systemic and individual barriers to accessing psychosocial support. Greater collaboration, consultation and co-production of support services and their evaluation is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jo Billings
- Division of Psychiatry, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Nada Abou Seif
- Division of Psychiatry, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Siobhan Hegarty
- Division of Psychiatry, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Tamara Ondruskova
- Division of Psychiatry, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Emilia Soulios
- Division of Psychiatry, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Michael Bloomfield
- Division of Psychiatry, University College London, London, United Kingdom
- Traumatic Stress Clinic, Camden & Islington NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
- National Institute for Health Research University College London Hospitals Biomedical Research Centre, London, United Kingdom
- University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Talya Greene
- Division of Psychiatry, University College London, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Community Mental Health, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
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26
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Evans EJ, Noureddine N, Curry SR, Nam K. COVID-19 Impacts on Social Work and Nursing Now and into the Future: National Administration Plans. Health Soc Work 2021; 46:152-157. [PMID: 34255036 PMCID: PMC8344478 DOI: 10.1093/hsw/hlab020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
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27
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Itzhaki-Braun Y. Community social workers' perspectives on the challenges and opportunities presented by the COVID-19 pandemic. Am J Orthopsychiatry 2021; 91:714-723. [PMID: 34166058 DOI: 10.1037/ort0000573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has required public social services departments to cope with an unexpected and unprecedented emergency situation. As community social workers work on the macrolevel and deal with entire communities in emergency situations, the present study investigated the challenges they face as well as the factors that promoted they are coping during the "age of COVID." Drawing on in-depth interviews with 20 managers of community social work departments in Israel, findings highlighted three main themes: (a) organizational politics, which impeded community social workers' work; (b) the mobilization of both professional community social work staff as well as civilians; and (c) the perception of the crisis as an opportunity. Findings pointed to the challenges, promotive factors, and perceptions of community social workers in public social services departments who have had to cope with the pandemic. We discuss these findings in light of the theoretical perspectives of "the politics of pandemic" pandemic, social support, and resilience. Implications for community practice are outlined. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).
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Papadaki V, Iliadou M, Karouzou E, Maragianni K, Pateraki O, Plotnikof K. Support for Gay and Lesbian Rights Among Students of Helping Professions in Crete, Greece: A Comparison between Social Work and Psychology Students. J Homosex 2021; 68:934-956. [PMID: 31774384 DOI: 10.1080/00918369.2019.1694336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
This study explores the level of support for gay and lesbian rights among social work and psychology undergraduate students (N = 870). While students were generally supportive of gay and lesbian rights, 43% believed that social workers and psychologists should support gay and lesbian rights only 'when lesbians and gay men do not offend or upset others', while 31.3% agreed that these rights should be supported 'as long as they don't contradict the prevalent religion and values of the society they live in'. Social work students were more supportive of all items compared to psychology students; they were also more supportive regarding professionals' obligation to challenge negative discrimination on the grounds of sexual orientation. Religiosity, gender and having gay and lesbian friends or acquaintances were important correlates of students' level of support for gay and lesbian rights. Findings are discussed in relation to social work and psychology education.
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Halpern JJ. The Influence of Cognitive Heuristics and Biases on Palliative Social Workers' Support of Patient and Caregiver Decision Making: The Pulse Oximeter Buying Trend during the COVID-19 Pandemic. J Soc Work End Life Palliat Care 2021; 17:186-197. [PMID: 33882800 DOI: 10.1080/15524256.2021.1910108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
A phenomenon occurring early in the pandemic involving media-based recommendations of pulse oximeters, devices purported to detect a dangerous Covid-19 symptom, invites attention to effects of decision-making shortcuts, or cognitive heuristics, and associated cognitive biases or errors, on patient/caregiver healthcare decisions. Heuristics also affect palliative/medical social workers' recommendations to patients/caregivers. This article looks at availability, confirmation, affect, false consensus and framing biases, and suggestions for debiasing decision making. Implications for other healthcare decisions are considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer J Halpern
- Oncology Support Program of the HealthAlliance Hospital of the Hudson Valley, a member of the Westchester Medical Center Network, Kingston, New York, USA
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Plunkett E, Broadbent A, Fien S, Cardona M. Impact of COVID-19 Social Distancing on the Quality of Dying: A Call for Discretionary Application of Rules. J Soc Work End Life Palliat Care 2021; 17:132-136. [PMID: 33956572 DOI: 10.1080/15524256.2021.1915920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Emily Plunkett
- Palliative Care Service, Robina Hospital, Robina, Australia
| | - Andrew Broadbent
- Palliative Care Service, Gold Coast University Hospital, Southport, Australia
| | - Samantha Fien
- Faculty of Health, Applied and Medical Science, Central Queensland University, Mackay, Australia
| | - Magnolia Cardona
- Institute for Evidence Based Healthcare, Bond University, Robina, Australia
- EBP Professorial Unit, Gold Coast University Hospital, Southport, Australia
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Jonas DF, Drouin K, Greenman J, Klein V, Scanlon C, Frechette E, Cramer L, Eagan A, Rusch R, Joselow M, Purol N. The Long Shadow: Collateral Impact and Finding Resilience Amidst a Global Pandemic Pediatric Palliative Care Social Work During COVID-19. J Soc Work End Life Palliat Care 2021; 17:218-236. [PMID: 33722184 DOI: 10.1080/15524256.2021.1894312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
This manuscript illuminates the nuanced ways in which the COVID-19 pandemic has impacted the pediatric palliative care social work role and clinical care in caring for children with life-limiting illnesses and their families throughout the country. The authors discuss memorable moments, logistical impacts, telehealth usage, decision-making experiences, end of life care, bereavement practices, specialized interventions, and self-care. The paper concludes with lessons learned and practical recommendations for the future.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kristin Drouin
- Nemours A.I. duPont Hospital for Children, Wilmington, Delaware, USA
| | - Jennifer Greenman
- Division of Comfort and Palliative Care, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | | | - Caitlin Scanlon
- Pediatric Palliative Care Team, Riley Hospital For Children, Indiana University Health, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | | | - Lauren Cramer
- Pediatric Advanced Care Team, Boston Children's Hospital and Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Arielle Eagan
- Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- The KonTerra Group, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
- Amwell Medical Group, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Rachel Rusch
- Division of Comfort and Palliative Care, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Marsha Joselow
- Pediatric Advanced Care Team, Boston Children's Hospital and Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Nicholas Purol
- Pediatric Advanced Care Team, Boston Children's Hospital and Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Oltmann C, Otis-Green S, Blackburn P, Maasdorp V, D'Urbano E, Lema D, Thomas P, Roulston A, Firth P, Remke S. International Collaboration in the Time of COVID-19: The World Hospice and Palliative Care Social Work Network. J Soc Work End Life Palliat Care 2021; 17:137-145. [PMID: 33722179 DOI: 10.1080/15524256.2021.1896627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In the context of widespread loss, isolation, and grief due to COVID-19, palliative social workers came together in the fall of 2020 to form an international group named the World Hospice and Palliative Care Social Work Network (WHPCSW). This emerging global network is committed to amplifying the innovative work, nuanced skills, research, and education and training provided by palliative social workers across different settings around the world. This article highlights some of the novel interventions developed by social workers in response to the pandemic and describes this coalescing WHPCSW network along with information about its mission and membership.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carina Oltmann
- Division of Geriatrics and Palliative Medicine, University of Miami Health System, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - S Otis-Green
- Collaborative Caring, Toluca Lake, California, USA
| | - P Blackburn
- Illawarra Shoalhaven Local Health District (ISLHD) Palliative Care Service, NSW Health Australia and Griffith University, Queensland, Australia
| | - V Maasdorp
- Island Hospice and Healthcare, Harare, Zimbabwe
| | - E D'Urbano
- Institute Pallium Latinoamérica, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - D Lema
- Institute Pallium Latinoamérica, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - P Thomas
- Department of Psychiatric Social Work, NIMHANS, Bangalore, India
| | - A Roulston
- School of Social Sciences, Education and Social Work, Queen's University Belfast, Northern Ireland
| | - P Firth
- Psychosocial Palliative Care, St. Albans, UK
| | - S Remke
- School of Social Work, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota, USA
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Altilio T, Kelemen A, Leff V. Designing and Implementing a COVID Language Resource Guide as a Response to an Acute Need. J Soc Work End Life Palliat Care 2021; 17:146-157. [PMID: 34152941 DOI: 10.1080/15524256.2021.1940420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The rise of COVID-19 in March, 2020 led to an urgent and acute need for communication guidelines to help clinicians facing a novel disease, amidst a cacophony of voices and demands, find the words to use in the face of this public health emergency. We identified critical topics that arose at the interface of staff, patient and family to guide the structure and content of a guideline. Organized in an easy to read table, the guide was made available to a wide variety of websites, organizations and schools as a free PDF resource across the country and beyond.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anne Kelemen
- Palliative Care, Washington MedStar Hospital, Washington, Washington DC, USA
| | - Vickie Leff
- Advanced Palliative & Hospice Social Work Certification Program, Cary, North Carolina
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Gergerich E, Mallonee J, Gherardi S, Kale-Cheever M, Duga F. Strengths and Struggles for Families Involved in Hospice Care During the COVID-19 Pandemic. J Soc Work End Life Palliat Care 2021; 17:198-217. [PMID: 33226914 DOI: 10.1080/15524256.2020.1845907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic presented unique health and social challenges for hospice patients, their families, and care providers. This qualitative study explored the impact of the pandemic on this population through the experiences and perceptions of social workers in hospice care. A survey was distributed through national and local listservs to social work practitioners throughout the United States between May 15 and June 15, 2020. The study was designed to learn the following: (1) Concerns patients experienced as a result of the pandemic, (2) strengths/resilience factors for patients during the COVID-19 pandemic, and (3) the personal and professional impact of the pandemic on social workers. Themes uncovered in hospice care included isolation, barriers to communication, disruption of systems, issues related to grieving, family and community support, adaptation, and perspective. The authors provide recommendations for social work practice related to virtual communication, emergency planning, and evidence-based intervention for Persistent Complex Bereavement Disorder. Recommendations for policy include uniform essential worker status for social workers, telehealth reimbursement and expanded caregiver respite benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika Gergerich
- Social Work, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, New Mexico, USA
| | - Jason Mallonee
- Social Work, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, New Mexico, USA
| | - Stacy Gherardi
- Social Work, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, New Mexico, USA
| | | | - Frankie Duga
- Social Work, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, New Mexico, USA
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Carver C. A Social Worker's Perspective on the Goal of Palliative Care in the Era of COVID-19. J Soc Work End Life Palliat Care 2021; 17:127-131. [PMID: 33955823 DOI: 10.1080/15524256.2021.1915923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Courtney Carver
- Department of Social Work, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, Arizona, USA
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Rosenthal A, Stover E, Haar RJ. Health and social impacts of California wildfires and the deficiencies in current recovery resources: An exploratory qualitative study of systems-level issues. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0248617. [PMID: 33770088 PMCID: PMC7997008 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0248617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Wildfires in California have become more deadly and destructive in recent years, and four of the ten most destructive fires occurred in 2017 and 2018. Through interviews with service providers, this article explores how these recent wildfires have impacted surrounding communities and the role various recovery resources have played in responding to the short- and long-term health and social needs of survivors. METHODS Using a purposive sampling methodology, we interviewed 21 health and social service personnel who assisted in wildfire recovery efforts in California in 2017 and 2018. The study participants worked or volunteered in medical facilities, social services agencies and philanthropy/nonprofit organizations located in communities affected by wildfires. Participants were asked about three common, overarching themes that fire-impacted communities navigate post-disaster: health issues, social issues, and response and recovery resources. Inductive coding was used to identify common subthemes. RESULTS The two most frequently discussed social issues during interviews were housing and employment access. Mental and emotional well-being and access to health resources were identified as being the most challenging health concerns that survivors face post-disaster. Participants also identified the following private and public recovery resources that survivors use to attempt to restabilize following the fire: community support, county agencies, the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA,) insurance companies and philanthropic organizations. However, participants noted that the cumulative impacts of these efforts still leave many of their patients and clients without the resources needed to restabilize emotionally, financially and physically. Finally, participants spoke about the community-wide, downstream impacts of wildfires, noting that "survivors" are not only those whose health is immediately compromised by the disaster. CONCLUSION Given the worsening wildfire seasons in California, we must increase our understanding of both the scope of the health and social issues that survivors navigate following a disaster, as well as the effectiveness and sustainability of recovery resources available to survivors. We must also understand the "ripple effect" that wildfires have on surrounding communalities, impacting housing access, social services, and health care access. More research and support, especially during the current COVID-19 pandemic, is urgently needed to improve our ability to support the health and social needs of wildfire survivors in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annie Rosenthal
- University of California, Hastings College of the Law, San Francisco, California, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Eric Stover
- Human Rights Center, University of California School of Law, Berkeley, California, United States of America
| | - Rohini J. Haar
- Division of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, California, United States of America
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Miller JJ, Reddin Cassar J. Self-care among healthcare social workers: The impact of COVID-19. Soc Work Health Care 2021; 60:30-48. [PMID: 33550956 DOI: 10.1080/00981389.2021.1885560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2020] [Revised: 12/25/2020] [Accepted: 01/31/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
For social work practitioners in healthcare settings, self-care can be an integral tool to assuaging stressors associated with COVID-19. However, research that examines the impact of public health crises, such as COVID-19, is nominal, at best. This exploratory study investigated the impact of COVID-19 on the self-care practices of self-identified healthcare social workers (N = 2,460) in one southeastern state. Primary data were collected via an electronic survey and assessed via a retrospective pre/post design. Analyses compared practices before and after COVID-19 was declared a pandemic. Overall, data suggest that participants experienced significant pre/post decreases in self-care practices across multiple domains. As well, findings indicate that participants who identified as married, financially stable, and working non-remotely, and in good physical/mental health engaged in significantly more self-care practices than other participants, at post. This study underscores the need to foster supportive professional cultures that include developing self-care practice skills, particularly during large-scale crisis, such as COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Jay Miller
- Self-Care Lab, College of Social Work, University of Kentucky, Lexington, USA
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Aughterson H, McKinlay AR, Fancourt D, Burton A. Psychosocial impact on frontline health and social care professionals in the UK during the COVID-19 pandemic: a qualitative interview study. BMJ Open 2021; 11:e047353. [PMID: 33558364 PMCID: PMC7871227 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2020-047353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To explore the psychosocial well-being of health and social care professionals working during the COVID-19 pandemic. DESIGN This was a qualitative study deploying in-depth, individual interviews, which were audio-recorded and transcribed verbatim. Thematic analysis was used for coding. PARTICIPANTS This study involved 25 participants from a range of frontline professions in health and social care. SETTING Interviews were conducted over the phone or video call, depending on participant preference. RESULTS From the analysis, we identified 5 overarching themes: communication challenges, work-related stressors, support structures, personal growth and individual resilience. The participants expressed difficulties such as communication challenges and changing work conditions, but also positive factors such as increased team unity at work, and a greater reflection on what matters in life. CONCLUSIONS This study provides evidence on the support needs of health and social care professionals amid continued and future disruptions caused by the pandemic. It also elucidates some of the successful strategies (such as mindfulness, hobbies, restricting news intake, virtual socialising activities) deployed by health and social care professionals that can support their resilience and well-being and be used to guide future interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henry Aughterson
- Department of Behavioural Science and Health, University College London Research Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, London, UK
| | - Alison R McKinlay
- Department of Behavioural Science and Health, University College London Research Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, London, UK
| | - Daisy Fancourt
- Department of Behavioural Science and Health, University College London Research Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, London, UK
| | - Alexandra Burton
- Department of Behavioural Science and Health, University College London Research Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, London, UK
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McFadden P, Ross J, Moriarty J, Mallett J, Schroder H, Ravalier J, Manthorpe J, Currie D, Harron J, Gillen P. The Role of Coping in the Wellbeing and Work-Related Quality of Life of UK Health and Social Care Workers during COVID-19. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2021; 18:815. [PMID: 33477880 PMCID: PMC7832874 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18020815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Revised: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) was declared a global pandemic in early 2020. Due to the rapid spread of the virus and limited availability of effective treatments, health and social care systems worldwide quickly became overwhelmed. Such stressful circumstances are likely to have negative impacts on health and social care workers' wellbeing. The current study examined the relationship between coping strategies and wellbeing and quality of working life in nurses, midwives, allied health professionals, social care workers and social workers who worked in health and social care in the UK during its first wave of COVID-19. Data were collected using an anonymous online survey (N = 3425), and regression analyses were used to examine the associations of coping strategies and demographic characteristics with staff wellbeing and quality of working life. The results showed that positive coping strategies, particularly active coping and help-seeking, were associated with higher wellbeing and better quality of working life. Negative coping strategies, such as avoidance, were risk factors for low wellbeing and worse quality of working life. The results point to the importance of organizational and management support during stressful times, which could include psycho-education and training about active coping and might take the form of workshops designed to equip staff with better coping skills.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula McFadden
- School of Applied Social and Policy Sciences, Magee Campus, Ulster University, Londonderry BT48 7JL, UK;
| | - Jana Ross
- School of Applied Social and Policy Sciences, Magee Campus, Ulster University, Londonderry BT48 7JL, UK;
| | - John Moriarty
- School of Social Sciences, Education and Social Work, Queen’s University Belfast, 69-71 University Street, Belfast BT7 1HL, UK;
| | - John Mallett
- School of Psychology, Coleraine Campus, Ulster University, Cromore Road, Coleraine BT52 1SA, UK;
| | - Heike Schroder
- Queen’s Management School, Queen’s University Belfast, Riddel Hall, 185 Stranmillis Road, Belfast BT9 5EE, UK; (H.S.); (D.C.)
| | - Jermaine Ravalier
- School of Science, Bath Spa University, Newton Park, Newton St Loe, Bath BA2 9BN, UK;
| | - Jill Manthorpe
- NIHR Health and Social Care Workforce Research Unit, King’s College London, London, 22 Kingsway, Holborn, London WC2B 6LE, UK;
| | - Denise Currie
- Queen’s Management School, Queen’s University Belfast, Riddel Hall, 185 Stranmillis Road, Belfast BT9 5EE, UK; (H.S.); (D.C.)
| | | | - Patricia Gillen
- School of Nursing, Jordanstown Campus, Ulster University, Shore Road, Newtownabbey BT37 0QB, UK; or
- Southern Health and Social Care Trust, 10 Moyallen Road, Gilford BT63 5JX, UK
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Cañas-Lerma AJ, Cuartero-Castañer ME, Mascialino G, Hidalgo-Andrade P. Empathy and COVID-19: Study in Professionals and Students of the Social Health Field in Ecuador. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2021; 18:E338. [PMID: 33466348 PMCID: PMC7796130 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18010338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Revised: 01/01/2021] [Accepted: 01/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Empathy plays a fundamental role in health related occupations. In this study, we analysed empathy levels in professionals (117) and students (170) from various healthcare fields in Ecuador during the COVID-19 pandemic. The Interpersonal Reactivity Index was used in an online survey. The results show high levels of empathy in both groups, influenced by age and gender. The students presented higher levels of personal distress, and their age was negatively correlated to empathy. Additionally, professionals working in physical health scored higher levels of personal distress compared to those in the field of emotional health. COVID-19 has placed social health systems in great stress. Despite this, the personal capacities for empathy of both students and health professionals have not been diminished.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana J. Cañas-Lerma
- Philosophy and Social Work Department, Universitat de les Illes Balears, Crta. Valldemossa Km 7.5., 07122 Palma, Spain;
| | - M. Elena Cuartero-Castañer
- Philosophy and Social Work Department, Universitat de les Illes Balears, Crta. Valldemossa Km 7.5., 07122 Palma, Spain;
| | - Guido Mascialino
- School of Psychology, Universidad de Las Américas, Av. de los Granados E-12-41 y Colimes esq., Quito EC170125, Ecuador; (G.M.); (P.H.-A.)
| | - Paula Hidalgo-Andrade
- School of Psychology, Universidad de Las Américas, Av. de los Granados E-12-41 y Colimes esq., Quito EC170125, Ecuador; (G.M.); (P.H.-A.)
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Rubin B, Goldfarb R, Satele D, Graham L. Burnout and distress among allied health care professionals in a cardiovascular centre of a quaternary hospital network: a cross-sectional survey. CMAJ Open 2021; 9:E29-E37. [PMID: 33436453 PMCID: PMC7843078 DOI: 10.9778/cmajo.20200059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Burnout and distress negatively affect the well-being of health care professionals and the treatment they provide. Our aim was to measure the prevalence of burnout and distress among allied health care staff at a cardiovascular centre of a quaternary hospital network in Canada, and compare outcomes to those for nonphysician employees in the United States. METHODS We conducted a survey of allied health care staff, including physical, respiratory and occupational therapists, pharmacists, social workers, dietitians and speech-language pathologists, in a cardiovascular centre at 2 quaternary referral hospitals in Toronto, Ontario, between Nov. 27, 2018, and Jan. 31, 2019. The survey tool included the Well-Being Index (WBI), which measures fatigue, depression, burnout, anxiety or stress, quality of life, work-life integration, meaning in work and overall distress; a score of 2 or higher indicated high distress. We carried out standard univariate statistical comparisons using the χ2, Fisher exact or Kruskal-Wallis test as appropriate to perform univariate comparisons in the sample of respondents. We assessed the relation between a WBI score of 2 or higher and demographic characteristics. We compared univariate associations among WBI data for nonphysician employees in the US who completed the WBI to responses from our participants. RESULTS The response rate to the survey was 86% (45/52). Thirty-three respondents (73%) reported experiencing burnout in the previous month, and 31 (69%) reported emotional problems. Compared to respondents who perceived fair treatment in the workplace, those who perceived unfair treatment (20 [44%]) were more likely to report emotional problems (17 [85%] v. 13 [54%], p = 0.05), to worry that work was hardening them emotionally (15 [75%] v. 8 [33%], p = 0.008), and to feel down, depressed or hopeless (12 [60%] v. 4 [17%], p = 0.005). Twenty-five respondents (56%) and 13 respondents (29%) reported WBI scores consistent with high (≥ 2) or severe (≥ 5) distress, respectively. Respondents were more likely to have a high WBI score if they perceived unfair treatment or inadequate staffing levels. Our respondents had a higher prevalence of burnout (73.3% v. 53.6%, p = 0.008) and a higher average WBI score (2.6 [SD 2.8] v. 1.7 [SD 2.6], p = 0.05) than 9096 nonphysician employees in the US. INTERPRETATION The prevalence of burnout, emotional problems and distress was high among allied health care staff. Fair treatment in the workplace and adequate staffing may lower distress levels and improve the work experience of these health care professionals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barry Rubin
- Division of Vascular Surgery (Rubin), Peter Munk Cardiac Centre, Toronto General Hospital, University Health Network; Goldfarb Intelligence Marketing (Goldfarb), Toronto, Ont.; Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics (Satele), Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research, Rochester, Minn.; Office of Professional Practice & Policy (Graham), Toronto General Hospital, Toronto, Ont.
| | - Rebecca Goldfarb
- Division of Vascular Surgery (Rubin), Peter Munk Cardiac Centre, Toronto General Hospital, University Health Network; Goldfarb Intelligence Marketing (Goldfarb), Toronto, Ont.; Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics (Satele), Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research, Rochester, Minn.; Office of Professional Practice & Policy (Graham), Toronto General Hospital, Toronto, Ont
| | - Daniel Satele
- Division of Vascular Surgery (Rubin), Peter Munk Cardiac Centre, Toronto General Hospital, University Health Network; Goldfarb Intelligence Marketing (Goldfarb), Toronto, Ont.; Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics (Satele), Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research, Rochester, Minn.; Office of Professional Practice & Policy (Graham), Toronto General Hospital, Toronto, Ont
| | - Leanna Graham
- Division of Vascular Surgery (Rubin), Peter Munk Cardiac Centre, Toronto General Hospital, University Health Network; Goldfarb Intelligence Marketing (Goldfarb), Toronto, Ont.; Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics (Satele), Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research, Rochester, Minn.; Office of Professional Practice & Policy (Graham), Toronto General Hospital, Toronto, Ont
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Peled Avram M, Zrihan-Weitzman A, Zilberberg O, Farchi M. The Lived Experience of Novice Helpers as First Responders in a Shared War Reality. J Evid Based Soc Work (2019) 2021; 18:85-100. [PMID: 32856563 DOI: 10.1080/26408066.2020.1814926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Purpose: This study sought to explore the lived experience of trained social work students as first responders in a shared war reality. Method: Data were gathered from three focus groups conducted with social work students following their professional intervention during a period of protracted warfare. Results: The main theme depicts a movement from an experience of uncertainty to certainty, as the students shifted from being subjects under threat to being object-helpers on duty. Discussion: The findings highlight the interactive nature of individual and environmental aspects of resilience as a dynamic process in the face of adversity. Practical implications are discussed in the context of first responders' resilience in a shared war reality. Conclusion: First responders must experience certainty in order to function effectively. To provide more support to novice helpers, a first responders training program should be implemented as part of the mandatory curriculum of social work studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Peled Avram
- Social Work Department, Tel Hai Academic College, Upper Galilee, Israel, Tel Hai Academic College , Upper Galilee, Israel
| | - A Zrihan-Weitzman
- Social Work Department, Tel Hai Academic College, Upper Galilee, Israel, Tel Hai Academic College , Upper Galilee, Israel
| | - O Zilberberg
- Social Work Department, Tel Hai Academic College, Upper Galilee, Israel, Tel Hai Academic College , Upper Galilee, Israel
| | - M Farchi
- Social Work Department, Tel Hai Academic College, Upper Galilee, Israel, Tel Hai Academic College , Upper Galilee, Israel
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Ross AM, Schneider S, Muneton-Castano YF, Caldas AA, Boskey ER. "You never stop being a social worker:" Experiences of pediatric hospital social workers during the acute phase of the COVID-19 pandemic. Soc Work Health Care 2021; 60:8-29. [PMID: 33657982 DOI: 10.1080/00981389.2021.1885565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has wrought widespread devastation upon children and families across the United States, widening existing health disparities and inequities that disproportionately affect communities of color. In health care settings specifically, social work is the key workforce tasked with responding to patient and family psychosocial needs, both of which have increased substantially since the emergence of COVID-19. There is a need to understand ways in which hospital social workers' roles, responsibilities, and integration within interprofessional teams have evolved in response to these challenges. In this qualitative study, focus groups were conducted with 55 social workers employed across multiple settings in a large, urban, pediatric hospital in Spring 2020. Thematic analyses revealed salient superordinate themes related to the pandemic's impact on social work practice and social workers themselves, institutional facilitators and impediments to effective social work and interprofessional practice, and social work perspectives on future pandemic recovery efforts. Within each theme, a number of interrelated subthemes emerged elucidating nuances of telehealth adoption in the context of remote work, the salience of social determinants of health, and the critical role of social work in social justice oriented pandemic preparedness and response efforts. Implications for interprofessional practice and the profession at large are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abigail M Ross
- Graduate School of Social Service, Fordham University, New York, New York, USA
- Social Work Department, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Samantha Schneider
- Social Work Department, Winona State University, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Yudy F Muneton-Castano
- Critical Care, Anesthesia, Perioperative, Extension (C.A.P.E) And Home Ventilation Program/Critical Care Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Adolfo Al Caldas
- Primary Care at Longwood/Spanish Team, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Elizabeth R Boskey
- Center for Gender Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Croucher K, Büster L, Dayes J, Green L, Raynsford J, Comerford Boyes L, Faull C. Archaeology and contemporary death: Using the past to provoke, challenge and engage. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0244058. [PMID: 33373412 PMCID: PMC7771686 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0244058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
While death is universal, reactions to death and ways of dealing with the dead body are hugely diverse, and archaeological research reveals numerous ways of dealing with the dead through time and across the world. In this paper, findings are presented which not only demonstrate the power of archaeology to promote and aid discussion around this difficult and challenging topic, but also how our approach resulted in personal growth and professional development impacts for participants. In this interdisciplinary pilot study, archaeological case studies were used in 31 structured workshops with 187 participants from health and social care backgrounds in the UK, to explore their reactions to a diverse range of materials which documented wide and varied approaches to death and the dead. Our study supports the hypothesis that the past is a powerful instigator of conversation around challenging aspects of death, and after death care and practices: 93% of participants agreed with this. That exposure to archaeological case studies and artefacts stimulates multifaceted discourse, some of it difficult, is a theme that also emerges in our data from pre, post and follow-up questionnaires, and semi-structured interviews. The material prompted participants to reflect on their biases, expectations and norms around both treatment of the dead, and of bereavement, impacting on their values, attitudes and beliefs. Moreover, 87% of participants believed the workshop would have a personal effect through thinking differently about death and bereavement, and 57% thought it would impact on how they approached death and bereavement in their professional practice. This has huge implications today, where talk of death remains troublesome, and for some, has a near-taboo status-'taboo' being a theme evident in some participants' own words. The findings have an important role to play in facilitating and normalising discussions around dying and bereavement and in equipping professionals in their work with people with advanced illness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karina Croucher
- School of Archaeological and Forensic Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Bradford, Bradford, United Kingdom
| | - Lindsey Büster
- School of Archaeological and Forensic Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Bradford, Bradford, United Kingdom
- Department of Archaeology, University of York, York, United Kingdom
| | - Jennifer Dayes
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Health, Psychology and Social Care, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Laura Green
- Nursing, Midwifery and Social Work, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Justine Raynsford
- Faculty of Health Studies, University of Bradford, Bradford, United Kingdom
| | - Louise Comerford Boyes
- Division of Psychology, School of Social Sciences, Faculty of Management, Law & Social Sciences, University of Bradford, Bradford, United Kingdom
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Granek L, Nakash O, Shapira S, Ariad S, Ben-David MA. "We are a transit station here": The role of Israeli oncology social workers in responding to mental health distress and suicidality in patients with cancer. Soc Work Health Care 2020; 60:225-239. [PMID: 33342392 DOI: 10.1080/00981389.2020.1867287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2019] [Revised: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Social workers have a prominent role in responding to cancer patients' mental health needs. Given the risk of mental health distress in cancer patients, and given that social workers are responsible for responding to these needs, the purpose of this study was to explore how social workers describe their role in responding to mental health distress and suicidality in people with cancer. The Grounded Theory method of data collection and analysis was used. Eighteen social workers were recruited and interviewed. Social workers saw themselves and acted as an interprofessional hub for their patients. This approach was based on the values of holistic care, multiple treatment modalities, interpersonal consultation, and continuity of care. From this standpoint, social workers offered their patients (and at times, their families) comprehensive services providing emotional, behavioral and practical support within the hospital setting, but also outside of it in the patient's communities. Consideration should be paid to promote systemic changes to acknowledge and compensate oncology socials workers' invisible labor that includes both emotional carryover and continuous engagement in their role as liaison and intermediaries for their patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leeat Granek
- School of Health Policy and Management, Faculty of Health, York University, Toronto, Canada
| | - Ora Nakash
- Smith School for Social Work, Northampton, United States
| | - Shahar Shapira
- Department of Gender Studies, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia
| | - Samuel Ariad
- Department of Oncology, Soroka University Medical Center,Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Merav A Ben-David
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Sackler School of Medicine, Assuta Medical Center
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Rienks SL. An exploration of child welfare caseworkers' experience of secondary trauma and strategies for coping. Child Abuse Negl 2020; 110:104355. [PMID: 31948676 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2020.104355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2019] [Revised: 10/10/2019] [Accepted: 01/03/2020] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The use of coping strategies can protect against the detrimental effects of many work-related stressors. Given the stressful nature of casework with traumatized children and families, there is a need to better understand how to prevent the experience of secondary trauma. OBJECTIVE The goal of this study is to examine child welfare caseworkers' experience of secondary traumatic stress (STS) and the extent to which coping strategies act as a buffer. PARTICIPANTS AND SETTING This study utilizes both cross-sectional (N = 1968 at baseline) and longitudinal (N = 653 at 3-year follow-up) data from child welfare caseworkers in three states. METHODS Participants were recruited as part of a larger workforce study and invited to complete an online survey. RESULTS Results indicated relatively high levels of secondary trauma, with 29.6 % of caseworkers scoring in the "severe" range. Caseworkers' experience of STS was positively associated with burnout and negatively associated with organizational support and coping. Those who utilized coping strategies reported fewer symptoms of secondary traumatic stress both concurrently and three years later. Of the 15 coping strategies explored, the more proficient copers were most likely to have a clear self-care plan, participate in activities or hobbies, and have a work-to-home transition plan. CONCLUSIONS Study results point to the importance of developing a self-care plan and having organizational supports that help protect child welfare caseworkers from the negative effects of secondary trauma exposure, both concurrently and over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shauna L Rienks
- Butler Institute for Families, Graduate School of Social Work, University of Denver, Denver, CO 80208, USA.
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Priolo Filho SR, Goldfarb D, Zibetti MR, Aznar-Blefari C. Brazilian Child Protection Professionals' Resilient Behavior during the COVID-19 Pandemic. Child Abuse Negl 2020; 110:104701. [PMID: 32896424 PMCID: PMC7472972 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2020.104701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Revised: 08/15/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The COVID-19 pandemic deeply affected child protection professionals. One potential area of concern is whether and how the pandemic has dampened these individuals' ability to engage in the resilient practices that are so vital to their wellbeing. OBJECTIVE Within the unique and understudied context of a developing economy facing the strain of an international pandemic, this study sought to expand our theoretical understanding of the individual and socio-ecological predictors of whether child protective services professionals engage in resilient behaviors. PARTICIPANTS AND SETTING Three hundred and nine professionals working in child protection related fields (e.g., psychologists, social workers, professors, pediatricians, nurses, and other clinicians). METHODS Participants were surveyed as to their demographics, current work conditions, their engagement in resilient behaviors, and potential individual and socio-ecological predictors of those behaviors. RESULTS Both job support for and individuals' beliefs of the importance of resilient behaviors predicted their engagement in such behaviors. CONCLUSIONS Child protection professionals' resilience must be fostered by socio-ecological contexts, such as their workplace and employers, and additional supports are needed during the trying times of the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Armes SE, Lee JJ, Bride BE, Seponski DM. Secondary trauma and impairment in clinical social workers. Child Abuse Negl 2020; 110:104540. [PMID: 32439158 PMCID: PMC7671948 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2020.104540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2019] [Revised: 02/09/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Secondary traumatic stress (STS), symptomatology resulting from indirect exposure to trauma, is one potential negative effect from engaging in clinical social work. Yet, little is known about the relationship between STS and workers' distress and impairment due to their work. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this paper was to explore STS in a national sample of clinical social workers (N = 539). METHOD AND RESULTS A structural equation model demonstrating good model fit indicated that STS mediated the association between trauma exposure at work and reports of significant distress and impairment (β = .08, p < .01; 95 % CI = .03, .12). Likewise, STS mediated the association between working with children aged 13 and under and reports of significant distress and impairment (β = .05, p < .05; 95 % CI = .02, .09). Results indicated that the model accounted for 25 % of the variance in significant distress and impairment (R2 = .25, p < .001) and 5% of the variance in STS (R2 = .05, p < .05). CONCLUSIONS Implications for agencies working with child welfare are provided, including a discussion of addressing STS and significant distress and impairment at the individual and larger agency levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie E Armes
- Department of Marriage and Family Therapy, School of Psychology, Family, and Community, Seattle Pacific University, Seattle, WA, United States.
| | - Jacquelyn J Lee
- School of Social Work, College of Health and Human Services, University of North Carolina Wilmington, Wilmington, NC, United States
| | - Brian E Bride
- School of Social Work, Andrew Young School of Policy Studies, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Desiree M Seponski
- Department of Human Development and Family Science, College of Family and Consumer Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
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Pollock A, Campbell P, Cheyne J, Cowie J, Davis B, McCallum J, McGill K, Elders A, Hagen S, McClurg D, Torrens C, Maxwell M. Interventions to support the resilience and mental health of frontline health and social care professionals during and after a disease outbreak, epidemic or pandemic: a mixed methods systematic review. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2020; 11:CD013779. [PMID: 33150970 PMCID: PMC8226433 DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd013779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 192] [Impact Index Per Article: 48.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Evidence from disease epidemics shows that healthcare workers are at risk of developing short- and long-term mental health problems. The World Health Organization (WHO) has warned about the potential negative impact of the COVID-19 crisis on the mental well-being of health and social care professionals. Symptoms of mental health problems commonly include depression, anxiety, stress, and additional cognitive and social problems; these can impact on function in the workplace. The mental health and resilience (ability to cope with the negative effects of stress) of frontline health and social care professionals ('frontline workers' in this review) could be supported during disease epidemics by workplace interventions, interventions to support basic daily needs, psychological support interventions, pharmacological interventions, or a combination of any or all of these. OBJECTIVES Objective 1: to assess the effects of interventions aimed at supporting the resilience and mental health of frontline health and social care professionals during and after a disease outbreak, epidemic or pandemic. Objective 2: to identify barriers and facilitators that may impact on the implementation of interventions aimed at supporting the resilience and mental health of frontline health and social care professionals during and after a disease outbreak, epidemic or pandemic. SEARCH METHODS On 28 May 2020 we searched the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, CENTRAL, MEDLINE, Embase, Web of Science, PsycINFO, CINAHL, Global Index Medicus databases and WHO Institutional Repository for Information Sharing. We also searched ongoing trials registers and Google Scholar. We ran all searches from the year 2002 onwards, with no language restrictions. SELECTION CRITERIA We included studies in which participants were health and social care professionals working at the front line during infectious disease outbreaks, categorised as epidemics or pandemics by WHO, from 2002 onwards. For objective 1 we included quantitative evidence from randomised trials, non-randomised trials, controlled before-after studies and interrupted time series studies, which investigated the effect of any intervention to support mental health or resilience, compared to no intervention, standard care, placebo or attention control intervention, or other active interventions. For objective 2 we included qualitative evidence from studies that described barriers and facilitators to the implementation of interventions. Outcomes critical to this review were general mental health and resilience. Additional outcomes included psychological symptoms of anxiety, depression or stress; burnout; other mental health disorders; workplace staffing; and adverse events arising from interventions. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS Pairs of review authors independently applied selection criteria to abstracts and full papers, with disagreements resolved through discussion. One review author systematically extracted data, cross-checked by a second review author. For objective 1, we assessed risk of bias of studies of effectiveness using the Cochrane 'Risk of bias' tool. For objective 2, we assessed methodological limitations using either the CASP (Critical Appraisal Skills Programme) qualitative study tool, for qualitative studies, or WEIRD (Ways of Evaluating Important and Relevant Data) tool, for descriptive studies. We planned meta-analyses of pairwise comparisons for outcomes if direct evidence were available. Two review authors extracted evidence relating to barriers and facilitators to implementation, organised these around the domains of the Consolidated Framework of Implementation Research, and used the GRADE-CERQual approach to assess confidence in each finding. We planned to produce an overarching synthesis, bringing quantitative and qualitative findings together. MAIN RESULTS We included 16 studies that reported implementation of an intervention aimed at supporting the resilience or mental health of frontline workers during disease outbreaks (severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS): 2; Ebola: 9; Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS): 1; COVID-19: 4). Interventions studied included workplace interventions, such as training, structure and communication (6 studies); psychological support interventions, such as counselling and psychology services (8 studies); and multifaceted interventions (2 studies). Objective 1: a mixed-methods study that incorporated a cluster-randomised trial, investigating the effect of a work-based intervention, provided very low-certainty evidence about the effect of training frontline healthcare workers to deliver psychological first aid on a measure of burnout. Objective 2: we included all 16 studies in our qualitative evidence synthesis; we classified seven as qualitative and nine as descriptive studies. We identified 17 key findings from multiple barriers and facilitators reported in studies. We did not have high confidence in any of the findings; we had moderate confidence in six findings and low to very low confidence in 11 findings. We are moderately confident that the following two factors were barriers to intervention implementation: frontline workers, or the organisations in which they worked, not being fully aware of what they needed to support their mental well-being; and a lack of equipment, staff time or skills needed for an intervention. We are moderately confident that the following three factors were facilitators of intervention implementation: interventions that could be adapted for local needs; having effective communication, both formally and socially; and having positive, safe and supportive learning environments for frontline workers. We are moderately confident that the knowledge or beliefs, or both, that people have about an intervention can act as either barriers or facilitators to implementation of the intervention. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS There is a lack of both quantitative and qualitative evidence from studies carried out during or after disease epidemics and pandemics that can inform the selection of interventions that are beneficial to the resilience and mental health of frontline workers. Alternative sources of evidence (e.g. from other healthcare crises, and general evidence about interventions that support mental well-being) could therefore be used to inform decision making. When selecting interventions aimed at supporting frontline workers' mental health, organisational, social, personal, and psychological factors may all be important. Research to determine the effectiveness of interventions is a high priority. The COVID-19 pandemic provides unique opportunities for robust evaluation of interventions. Future studies must be developed with appropriately rigorous planning, including development, peer review and transparent reporting of research protocols, following guidance and standards for best practice, and with appropriate length of follow-up. Factors that may act as barriers and facilitators to implementation of interventions should be considered during the planning of future research and when selecting interventions to deliver within local settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Pollock
- Nursing, Midwifery and Allied Health Professions Research Unit, Glasgow Caledonian University, Glasgow, UK
| | - Pauline Campbell
- Nursing, Midwifery and Allied Health Professions Research Unit, Glasgow Caledonian University, Glasgow, UK
| | - Joshua Cheyne
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences (CCBS), University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Julie Cowie
- Nursing, Midwifery and Allied Health Professions Research Unit, Glasgow Caledonian University, Glasgow, UK
| | - Bridget Davis
- Nursing, Midwifery and Allied Health Professions Research Unit, Glasgow Caledonian University, Glasgow, UK
| | - Jacqueline McCallum
- Department of Nursing and Community Health, Glasgow Caledonian University, Glasgow, UK
| | - Kris McGill
- Nursing, Midwifery and Allied Health Professions Research Unit, Glasgow Caledonian University, Glasgow, UK
| | - Andrew Elders
- Nursing, Midwifery and Allied Health Professions Research Unit, Glasgow Caledonian University, Glasgow, UK
| | - Suzanne Hagen
- Nursing, Midwifery and Allied Health Professions Research Unit, Glasgow Caledonian University, Glasgow, UK
| | - Doreen McClurg
- Nursing, Midwifery and Allied Health Professions Research Unit, Glasgow Caledonian University, Glasgow, UK
| | - Claire Torrens
- Nursing, Midwifery and Allied Health Professions Research Unit, University of Stirling, Glasgow, UK
| | - Margaret Maxwell
- Nursing, Midwifery and Allied Health Professions Research Unit, University of Stirling, Glasgow, UK
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Zhang H, Wang Y, Yang Y. The relevance of transformational leadership for promoting professional social work competence with EBPA. Health Soc Care Community 2020; 28:2243-2252. [PMID: 32462725 DOI: 10.1111/hsc.13037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2019] [Revised: 12/24/2019] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Health care social workers' attitudes towards evidence-based practice (EBP) are an indispensable precursor of implementing EBP. Using a subset including 405 health care social workers from the first nationally representative survey of social workers in China, this study empirically assesses how transformational leadership (TFL) promotes health care social workers' attitudes towards EBP. The results show that organisational learning capacity (OLC) and professional competence (PC) fully mediate the positive relationship between TFL and EBP attitudes. Furthermore, TFL, OLC and PC explain 56% of the variance in health care social workers' attitudes towards EBP. This result supports the perspective that both organisational factors and individual factors may facilitate social workers' positive attitudes towards EBP, but organisational factors are more important. Therefore, to adopt, use and sustain EBP in health care social work, learning and innovation in the organisation should be increased. Furthermore, it is important to help social workers improve their PC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Zhang
- School of Social Development and Public Policy, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Yean Wang
- School of Social Development and Public Policy, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Yaya Yang
- School of Social Development and Public Policy, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
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