[Effects of etoposide in testicular tumors]

A clinical study of a new semisynthetic podophyllotoxin etoposide (NK 171) was performed by administering the drug to four patients with testicular tumors. The drug was given intravenously at a dose of 80-120 mg/m2/day for five days or orally at a dose of 200 mg/body/day for five days. Among the four patients, 1 CR, 1 NC and 2 PD were observed. One patient with a testicular tumor who was given oral etoposide achieved complete remission for 23 months. Patients experienced the following side effects: alopecia (75%); anorexia (50%): stomatitis, phlebitis, anemia and liver dysfunction (25%). None of these side effects, however, was serious or permanent. Currently, we are testing etoposide in combination chemotherapy.

[Intra-arterial infusion chemotherapy in combination with angiotensin II in advanced bladder cancer]

Intra-arterial infusion chemotherapy in combination with angiotensin II was performed in 5 patients with advanced bladder cancer (all T3M0). The infusion catheter was inserted from a femoral artery into the internal iliac artery. The basic dosage was 70 mg/m2 of Cis-diammine-dichloroplatinum (CDDP) and 40 mg/m2 of Adriamycin (ADM) or 4'-0-tetrahydropyranyl-ADM (THP) in combination with 20-40 micrograms angiotensin II over a total duration of 20 minutes for both sides. Of the 5 patients, 3 CR and 2 PR were obtained by only one or two courses of intra-arterial infusion chemotherapy. Histological examination showed no viable cells in the three CR cases. Intra-arterial infusion chemotherapy in combination with angiotensin II may thus be clinically useful for advanced bladder cancer.

Electron microscopic and immunohistochemical observations of differentiation of human myeloid leukemia line, PL-21

A new human myeloid leukemia cell line, PL-21, consisting of promyelocytes, was microscopically and immunohistochemically studied for their maturation induced by 12-O-tetradecanoyl-phorbol-13-acetate (TPA) and retinoic acid (RA). More than 80% of PL-21 cells cultured for 4 days with 10 ng/ml of TPA became macrophage-like cells with functional and histochemical properties consistent with monocytes/macrophages. The cells adhered to the plastic flask, developed phagocytic activity and macrophage-specific intracytoplasmic alpha subunit of S-100 protein, and had reduced myeloid-specific cytochemical markers. In contrast, RA-treated PL-21 cells displayed mature neutrophil-like morphology after 7 days of exposure. Most of the cells had reduced nitro blue tetrazolium and acquired phagocytic activity with persistence of myeloid-specific cytochemical markers such as peroxidase, naphthol-AS-D chloroacetate esterase, and Sudan black B. These results indicate that the PL-21 cell line ca be induced to mature into two directions of macrophages and neutrophils by chemical inducers, and will provide a useful tool for studying the differentiation of leukemic cells and searching for other differentiation inducers.

[Fundamental and clinical studies on imipenem/cilastatin sodium in the field of obstetrics and gynecology]

Fundamental and clinical studies on imipenem/cilastatin sodium (MK-0787/MK-0791) were carried out and the results obtained were summarized below. The transfer of MK-0787/MK-0791 into female genital organ tissues was found to be satisfactory. The transfer of MK-0787/MK-0791 into umbilical arterial blood, umbilical venous blood and amniotic fluid was relatively good. A dose of 1,000 mg/1,000 mg per day of MK-0787/MK-0791 was given to each of 6 gynecology patients for 5-22 days and satisfactory clinical effect was obtained in 5 patients out of 6 patients. No notable side effects or abnormal laboratory findings were observed except for a moderate in elevation in S-GOT/S-GPT in 1 case.

Transformation of hamster spleen lymphocytes by human T-cell leukemia virus type I

Co-cultivation of spleen cells of Syrian golden hamsters with lethally irradiated MT-2 cells harboring human T-cell leukemia virus type I (HTLV-I) resulted in the establishment of lymphoid cell lines, HCT-1 and HCT-2, which exhibited the normal karyotype of golden hamsters. Cells of both the HCT-1 and HCT-2 lines lacked surface immunoglobulins and reacted with a monoclonal antibody (MAb) specific for hamster T cells. Some were positive for OKIa1. None of them expressed HTLV structural antigens (p19 and p24) or virus particles, but they contained HTLV-I proviral DNA monoclonally. By immunochemical analysis of the labelled cell antigens, sera from adult T-cell leukemia (ATL) patients reacted with the two polypeptides, p37 and p40, which may not be viral structural proteins and still remain to be characterized. HCT-1 and HCT-2 cells were transplantable into newborn hamsters, pre-treated with anti-hamster thymocyte serum and non-treated, respectively, producing diffuse malignant lymphoma. These findings indicated that HTLV-I not only immortalized but also transformed hamster T cells non-productively.

[Fundamental and clinical studies of imipenem/cilastatin sodium in the field of obstetrics and gynecology]

Fundamental and clinical studies of a new carbapenem antibiotic, imipenem/cilastatin sodium (MK-0787/MK-0791), were carried out to evaluate the drug in treating infections of the female genital organs. The following results were obtained: In 4 patients undergoing hysterectomy, the penetration of MK-0787 and MK-0791 into female genital organ tissues was studied following a 30-minute intravenous drip infusion of MK-0787/MK-0791 500 mg/500 mg. Plasma levels of MK-0787 and MK-0791 in cubital venous blood following the drip infusion peaked at 0 minute with values of 51.2 micrograms/ml and 61.9 micrograms/ml, respectively, then decreased to 1.9 micrograms/ml and 0.7 microgram/ml, respectively, at 201 minutes. MK-0787 penetrated readily to female genital organ tissues and levels of the drug exceeded 0.5 approximately 1.9 micrograms/g in various organ tissues at 201 minutes following an intravenous drip infusion of 500 mg/500 mg of MK-0787/MK-0791. Clinically, MK-0787/MK-0791 was used for the treatment of obstetrical and gynecological infections at a dosage of 500 mg/500 mg twice daily by intravenous drip infusion. Clinical effects of MK-0787/MK-0791 were analyzed in 22 patients, including 9 patients with intrauterine infections, 7 with intrapelvic infections, 5 with adnexitis, and 1 with an external genital infection. Excellent responses were seen in 5 patients (22.7%), good responses in 15 (68.2%), and poor responses in 2 (9.1%). The efficacy ratio was 90.9%. After the treatment, 15 out of 18 isolates were eradicated for an 83.3% eradication rate. All strains of S. epidermidis (2 strains), Eubacterium lentum (1 strain), Peptococcus sp. (1 strain), beta-Streptococcus (1 strain), Gram-positive rods (2 strains), Enterobacter cloacae (1 strain), Bacteroides bivius (1 strain), Pseudomonas sp. (1 strain), Pseudomonas cepacia (1 strain) and Gram-negative rods (1 strain) were eradicated by the MK-0787/MK-0791 treatment. The safety of the drug was analyzed in 22 patients, effects occurred in 3 (13.6%). Among those 3 patients, diarrhea occurred in 1 patient, rash in another and nausea and vomiting in yet another. One patient had an increased BUN after the MK-0787/MK-0791 treatment. In the other 21 patients, no abnormalities in creatinine, GOT, GPT, or T. Bil. values were observed. It may be concluded that MK-0787/MK-0791 is useful for the treatment of obstetrical and gynecological infections.

Intravesical chemotherapy with 4'-epi-Adriamycin in patients with superficial bladder tumors

We evaluated the effects of 4'-epi-Adriamycin (EPI), a derivative of Adriamycin (ADR), in intravesical instillation chemotherapy. The patients received two courses of three daily instillations of 50-80 mg EPI dissolved in 30 ml physiological saline on 3 consecutive days, with an interval of 4 days between courses. Full evaluation was possible in 33 of 35 patients with superficial bladder tumors treated with EPI. Complete response was observed in 4 cases and partial response in 14 cases, giving a response rate of 55%. Side effects such as pollakiuria and pain on micturition occurred in 9 cases. EPI appears to be an effective agent for intravesical instillation chemotherapy in patients with superficial bladder tumors.

[Cystic cerebral tuberculoma--a case report]

A case of cystic cerebral tuberculoma is presented. A 63-year-old man was admitted initially to a sanatorium in May, 1983, for the treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis. He developed headache and vomiting, and suddenly had a right hemiconvulsion on September 27, 1983. Gradually he developed right hemiparesis and motor aphasia. CT scan revealed a well defined, ring-like enhanced mass with multiloculated cysts in the left fronto-parietal lobe. So, he was transferred to our hospital on February 3, 1984. Neurological examination revealed that he had motor aphasia and right hemiparesis. Left carotid angiogram showed light tumor stain in the left fronto-parietal lobe, and 99mTc brain scan detected increased uptake in this area. A left fronto-parieto-temporal craniotomy was performed and a subcortical mass was excised en bloc. The mass had multiloculated cysts containing xanthochromic fluid. Histologically, the mass was cystic cerebral tuberculoma. Cystic cerebral tuberculomas have rarely been reported even before the introduction of antituberculous chemotherapy. The pathogenesis of the cysts in this particular case was considered that the caseous material would have undergone liquefaction by enzymes liberated from degenerated and fragmented inflammatory cells.

Primary rhabdomyosarcoma combined with chronic paragonimiasis in the cerebrum: a necropsy case and review of the literature

A necropsy case of a primary rhabdomyosarcoma with chronic paragonimiasis in the cerebrum of a 68-year-old man is reported. The clinical data showed a right hemiplegia and dysarthria which became lethal in 6 months even though operation and radiation therapy were performed. Computed tomography revealed a large low-density area associated with the peripheral enhancement in the left basal ganglia, and multiple conglomerated calcified masses in the left temporal and occipital lobes. Biopsied and necropsied materials of the tumor in the basal ganglia was reddish brown in color and histologically was composed of purely mesenchymal derivatives with both embryonal and mature striated muscle cells but neither neuronal nor glial elements. Some of the tumor cells with extending slender cytoplasms showed obvious cross striations at the light and electron microscope levels and immunohistochemical reactivity for myoglobin. All tumor cells were also positive for vimentin, but not for glial fibrillary acidic protein. The clinical and necropsy findings revealed no primary lesion anywhere but in the brain. In addition, numerous dead oval eggs of Paragonimus westermani were found in many cystoid lesions encapsulated by thick connective tissues with calcification and/or ossification. Clinicopathological features of 24 cases of primary rhabdomyosarcoma of the central nervous system reported in the literature are reviewed briefly. The histogenesis of this tumor are discussed together with comments on cerebral paragonimiasis.

[Intravesical chemotherapy with 4'-EPI-adriamycin in patients with superficial bladder tumors (randomized study)]

Thirty-seven cases of superficial bladder cancer were treated with 4'-epi-adriamycin (EPI) by intravesical instillation to investigate the optimal dosage and treatment schedule. Patients were randomized into either group A: 50 mg/day for 6 days (regimen A) or group B: 60 mg/day for 3 days X 2 courses with 4 days interval (regimen B). Seventeen cases were evaluated in both groups, three cases were ineligible in group B. Patient characteristics such as age, sex, size of tumor, stage and grade were not significantly different between the two groups. Response rates were 41.2% (group A) and 70.6% (group B), while incidence of toxicity was 47.1% and 50.0% respectively. There is a trend in favor of regimen B which deserves to be more extensively verified.

[A case of lobular carcinoma of the breast containing endocrine granules]

A case of lobular carcinoma containing many endocrine granules in the breast of a 76-year-old woman is reported. Histologically, tumor cells proliferated in solid or nest-like patterns featuring lobular carcinoma. Although argyrophilic and immunohistochemical reactions for peptide hormones were negative, electron microscopic observation revealed endocrine granules, 200-400 nm in diameter, associated with a limiting membrane and a halo in every tumor cell examined. It was suggested that this case might be considered a variant of lobular carcinoma and that breast cancer showing lobular patterns should be searched for the possibility of endocrine differentiation.

Annulate lamellae observed in human prostatic carcinoma

Annulate lamellae (AL) were observed in only three out of 40 cases of human prostatic carcinoma, but not in 20 cases of benign prostatic hyperplasia and 11 cases of presumably normal prostatic tissues. AL showed the continuity with the rough endoplasmic reticulum and seemingly the nuclear membrane consisting of lamellar or concentric arrangement of stacked membranes and occasionally annular structures. In addition, annuli were detected in the rough endoplasmic reticulum near the stacked membranes which were devoid of ribosomal attachment. These results disclosed that in human prostatic tissues, AL could be only rarely detected in actively dividing cancer cells, and were seemingly the temporary transitional structures transforming from the nuclear membrane to the rough endoplasmic reticulum.

Immunoelectron microscopic study on the cross-reactivity of antibodies to adult T-cell leukemia-associated antigens in human and monkey sera

The cross-reactivity of antibodies to adult T-cell leukemia (ATL)-associated antigens (ATLA) in human and monkey sera was investigated by indirect immunoperoxidase and immunoferritin methods using a human cell line (MT-2) carrying a type C virus (HTLV), two monkey cell lines (Si-1 and Si-3) carrying HTLV, and a monkey cell line (Si-2) carrying a type C virus isolated from an anti-ATLA-positive monkey. Anti-ATLA-positive but not-negative human and monkey sera gave positive immunoperoxidase reaction with all four virus-positive cell lines when studied by light microscopy. Electron microscopic findings revealed ferritin or peroxidase labeling of virus particles and plasma membranes of these four cell lines with antibody-positive but not-negative human and monkey sera. These results clearly indicate the cross-reactivity of anti-ATLA antibodies in human and monkey sera at light and electron microscopic levels, and the presence of antigenic determinants common to the surface of type C virus particles of human and monkey origin.

Nodular alteration of the paracortical area. An in situ immunohistochemical analysis of primary, secondary, and tertiary T-nodules

With the use of in situ immunohistochemical techniques on freshly frozen and paraffin-embedded material from 63 reactive lymph nodes, the cellular composition of T-nodules observed in 30 cases with nodular alteration of the paracortical area was analyzed. T-nodules were composed of S-100 beta + interdigitating reticulum cells (IDRCs), variable numbers of OKT6+ dendritic cells (DCs), high endothelial venules, and a very high T helper/T suppressor ratio because of an enrichment of OKT4+, Leu3a+ helper/inducer T cells in these nodules. According to their localization in the paracortical area, and the arrangement of IDRCs and high endothelial venules, T-nodules could be divided into "primary" and "secondary" T nodules. In all cases of dermatopathic lymphadenitis, very large aggregates of S-100 beta + and OKT6+ DCs, admixed with few high endothelial venules and variable numbers of OKT4+, Leu3a+ helper/inducer T cells, were observed and were termed "tertiary T-nodules." It is suggested that T-nodules represent the paracortical counterparts of B-lymphoid follicles and are the in vivo equivalents of DC/T-cell clusters observed in vitro. According to their cellular composition and localization in the lymph node, "primary" and "secondary" T-nodules probably represent subsequent maturation stages of distinctive nodular paracortical structures, which play an important role in the presentation of antigens to helper/inducer T cells and in the proliferation of antigen-responsive T cells. Their close topographic relationship to B-lymphoid follicles may indicate their role in the extrafollicular generation of antibody-forming cells.

Immortalization of human lymphocytes by co-cultivation with lethally irradiated autologous T-cell lines harbouring human T-cell leukaemia virus-I

Human adult peripheral blood lymphocytes were successfully immortalized by co-cultivation with irradiated autologous and homologous T-cell lines harbouring human T-cell leukaemia virus-I (HTLV-I). The efficiency of transformation was the same in both cases. The participation of alloantigen stimulation in co-cultivation procedures is discussed, and it is stressed that factors other than alloantigen stimulation might be required for the efficient immortalization of human T-lymphocytes in vitro by HTLV.

[Combination chemotherapy with cisplatin, ifosfamide and adriamycin in patients with advanced transitional cell carcinoma of the urinary tract]

A combined chemotherapy with cisplatin, ifosfamide and adriamycin (CIA therapy) was performed in 20 patients with advanced transitional cell carcinoma of the urinary tract. Adriamycin 30mg/m2 and ifosfamide 1.5g/m2 were administered on day 1 and cisplatin 50 mg/m2 on day 2, which was repeated at intervals of 3 weeks, in principle. According to Koyama and Saito's response criteria, complete response (CR), partial response (PR) and minor response (MR) were obtained in 1, 4 and 5 cases, respectively; CR+PR+MR in 10 cases out of 18 evaluable cases (56%). The duration of response was 2 to 14 months (median; 4 months) in the cases with CR and PR. The survival time of the responders ranged from 3 to 23 months (median; 11 months), being significantly longer than that of the non-responders (p less than 0.05, Generalized Wilcoxon test). Adverse reactions observed were of a slight or moderate degree, with only a few cases of damage to renal function.

Transformation of human fetal thymus and spleen lymphocytes by human T-cell leukemia virus type I

Co-cultivation of human thymus and spleen lymphocytes, which were obtained from 26-week and 27-week fetuses, with a lethally-irradiated human cord T-cell line harboring human T-cell leukemia virus type I (HTLV-I) resulted in the establishment of T-cell lines positive for adult T-cell leukemia-associated antigens and producing HTLV-I. These cell lines had the phenotype of a helper/inducer subset of peripheral T-cells as evidenced by the reactivity with monoclonal antibodies to human T-cells.

Experimental infection of rabbits with human T-cell leukemia virus type I

Rabbits were successfully infected with human T-cell leukemia virus type I (HTLV-I) and produced antibodies to adult T-cell leukemia-associated antigens (ATLA) on intravenous inoculation of the HTLV-producing human cord T-cell line MT-2, or autologous cell lines established by cocultivation with MT-2 cells. Lymphocytes taken from the rabbits between 4 and 14 days after the inoculation of MT-2 cells, but not lymphocytes obtained in earlier or later periods, could be immortalized in vitro and expressed ATLA and type C virus particles. However, lymphocytes harvested during an early culture period (5 to 8 days) were found to be negative for ATLA. The transformed cells had the karyotype of a normal male rabbit. Two rabbits inoculated with the autologous HTLV-producing cell lines did not allow their growth in vivo, but some peripheral blood lymphocytes could be immortalized in vitro. One of these transformed cell lines was examined for the integration of HTLV-I provirus genome. The transformed cells were found to contain the provirus genome and also to be monoclonal with respect to the integration site of the provirus genome, unlike the inoculated cells.

S-100 protein positive human T-lymphocyte

S-100 protein was detected in a small number of human peripheral T-lymphocytes by a direct immunoperoxidase method with the use of monospecific antibody to S-100 protein. Complemented-mediated lysis using monoclonal antibodies revealed that the S-100+ T-lymphocytes bore OKT3, OKT8, and OKT11 antigens but not OKT4, OKM1, HLA-DR, HNK1 (Leu-7) antigens on their surface. Immunoelectron micrography showed that S-100 T-lymphocytes were small lymphocytes with poorly developed cellular organelles. These findings clearly indicated that S-100+ T-lymphocytes belonged to the OKT8+ T-cell subset, the so-called suppressor/cytotoxic T-cell subset. Although the function of the S-100+ T-lymphocytes is unclear, S-100 protein may be a useful cytoplasmic marker for the subdivision of the heterogeneous OKT8+ lymphocyte population.

[A case of stromal tumor of the testis with peculiar crystalloid structures]

A case of poorly differentiated stromal tumor occurring in the left testis of a 37-year-old man is reported. Microscopically, the tumor was composed of polygonal cells arranged in a sheet-like pattern. The ill-defined cytoplasm contained disease-resistant PAS positive granules. Ultrastructurally, peculiar crystalloid structures were found in the cytoplasm of the tumor cells appearing in tubular, beaded or lamellar form and connected with the nuclear membrane as well as with the rough endoplasmic reticulum. These are somewhat similar to annulate lamellae. Interdigitation of the plasma membranes and zonula adherens was observed. Basal laminae were recognized in parts. These findings suggest that this tumor is a case of poorly differentiated gonadal stromal tumor showing a tendency to differentiate into Sertoli's cells.

Detection of HLA-D-region-associated antigens on the surface of adult T-cell leukemia virus particles by immunoelectron microscopy

To search for lymphocyte marker antigens on the surface of human T-cell leukemia virus (HTLV), an immunoelectron microscopic study was performed on a HTLV-producing human T-cell line, MT-2, using monoclonal antibodies, such as anti-Leu-1, -Leu-2b, -Leu-3a, -Leu-5, -Leu-10 and -HLA-DR and OKIal. The reactivity of each antibody with MT-2 cells was tested by the immunoperoxidase method at the light microscopic level. OKIal, anti-HLA-DR and -Leu-10 gave positive results. At the ultrastructural level, the surface of HTLV as well as the plasma membranes of MT-2 cells were labeled with ferritin by the monoclonal antibodies OKIal, anti-HLA-DR and -Leu-10, but not by anti-Leu-1 and -Leu-3a. These findings suggest that HLA-D region -associated antigens are common antigenic determinants shared by the surface of HTLV and the plasma membranes of MT-2 cells. These antigens on the virus surface are probably picked up selectively from the plasma membranes and may play an important role in the interaction of HTLV and target T-cells.

[Intravesical chemotherapy with 4'-Epi-Adriamycin in patients with superficial bladder tumors]

Intravesical instillation of anticancer agents is one of the most effective methods for treating superficial bladder cancer. We evaluated the effects of including 4'-Epi-Adriamycin, a derivative of Adriamycin, in intravesical instillation chemotherapy. Thirty-five patients with superficial bladder tumors were treated with 4'-Epi-Adriamycin. The patients received 2 courses of 3 consecutive daily instillations of 50-80 mg 4'-Epi-Adriamycin dissolved in 30 ml of physiological saline, with an interval of 4 days. Of the 33 cases which could be fully evaluated, complete regression was observed in 4 cases and partial regression (greater than 50%) in 14 cases, showing an effectiveness rate of 55%. Side effects such as pollakisuria and miction pain occurred in 9 cases. The rate of effectiveness of this treatment was approximately equivalent to the results that we reported using Adriamycin and the occurrence and degree of side effects were lower.

T cell growth factors from adult T cell leukemia virus-transformed cell lines

Some characteristics of T cell growth factors derived from adult T cell leukemia virus (ATLV)-transformed cell lines, MT 1 and MT 2 were analyzed. MT 1 cells release significant interleukin 2 (IL 2) activity into the culture medium, which showed the same elution pattern of gel filtration and isoelectric focusing of IL 2 from lectin-stimulated normal human lymphocytes. This activity was also detected in the cell extract of MT 1. In contrast, MT 2 cell line did not produce IL 2 activity, but non-IL 2 type growth factor was observed. The significance of these factors from MT cell lines is discussed from the viewpoint of 'autokine' in ATLV-transformed cells.

Ultrastructural study of type C virus particles in phytohemagglutinin-stimulated lymphocytes from healthy adults seropositive to adult T-cell leukemia-associated antigens

PHA-stimulated peripheral lymphocytes from six healthy adults consisting of four family members of an adult T-cell leukemia (ATL) patient and two blood bank donors, seropositive to ATL-associated antigens (ATLA), were all positive for the expression of ATLA and ATL-associated virus (ATLV). These results revealed that anti-ATLA-positive persons were healthy carriers of ATLV and that the numbers of ATLV observed in each culture were more proportional to the percentage of ATLA-positive lymphocytes than anti-ATLA titers of each person. Virus particles detected were C-type in morphology, and essentially similar to those observed in MT-2 and other ATL-related cells, but rather uniform in size, mostly 120-130 nm in diameter. Furthermore, it is of interest that tubuloreticular structures and striated fusiform structures, which were found in fresh or short term cultured ATL cells, were observed in some cultures of lymphocytes from anti-ATLA-positive healthy persons.

Fine structure of human- and monkey-derived type C virus particles in monkey lymphoid cell lines expressing adult T-cell leukemia-associated antigens. Brief report

Ultrastructures of Japanese monkey (Macaca fuscata)-derived type C virus particles in a monkey lymphoid cell line, expressing adult T-cell leukemia (ATL)-associated antigens, are indistinguishable from those of human ATL-associated virus in human and monkey cell lines.

Immunohistochemical localization and distribution of S-100 proteins in the human lymphoreticular system

Immunohistochemical localization of S-100b protein and S-100ao protein in human lymphoreticular system was studied by using monospecific antibody directed against either the alpha subunit or beta subunit of S-100 protein. S-100b protein immunoreactivity was detected in Langerhans cells, interdigitating reticulum cells, and histiocytosis X cells, but not in ordinary macrophages and blood monocytes. In contrast, S-100ao protein immunoreactivity was detected in blood monocytes, macrophages of lymph node, alveolar macrophages of lung, and small numbers of Kupffer cells of liver. S-100ao immunoreactivity was also detected in epithelioid cells, Langhans giant cells, and foreign body giant cells. The present findings suggest that the presence of S-100ao protein in the cytoplasm is one of the characteristic features of cells in the human mononuclear phagocyte system. The detection of S-100b, but not S-100ao, immunoreactivity in Langerhans cells and interdigitating reticulum cells also suggests that they are independent of the monocyte-macrophage system. S-100ao protein may be a novel cytoplasmic marker for cells of the human monocyte-macrophage system.

[A case of localized lipomatosis in the pancreatic head presenting a lipoma-like appearance]

A 63-year-old woman with localized lipomatosis in the pancreatic head is reported. She was diagnosed to have a lipoma by clinical data including CT scanning. Histopathological examination of the extirpated mass revealed that the lesion was mostly composed of mature fatty tissue without any lobulation or encapsulation by connective tissue, there was a small amount of scattered pancreatic parenchyma at the peripheral and deeper parts of the mass. No Langerhans' islets were detected. Based on these findings, the lesion was diagnosed as localized lipomatosis in the pancreatic head.

Tumorigenicity of a rabbit lymphoid cell line transformed by human T-cell leukemia virus

A rabbit lymphoid cell line transformed by human T-cell leukemia virus (HTLV) was inoculated into the peritoneal cavity of six newborn hamsters treated by antilymphocyte serum. All of them developed lethal tumors two weeks after implantation. The tumor cells were chromosomally of rabbit type, and harbored HTLV and HTLV antigens.

Immunohistochemical study on the distribution of alpha and beta subunits of S-100 protein in human neoplasm and normal tissues

The immunohistochemical distribution and localization of the alpha and beta subunits of S-100 protein in human neoplasms and normal tissues were studied by the PAP method using monospecific rabbit antibodies against each subunit. Beta subunit immunoreactivity was detected in all S-100-positive cells and tumors reported previously. In contrast alpha subunit immunoreactivity was absent from Schwann cells, schwannomas, neurofibromas, granular cell myoblastomas, pituicytes of the neurohypophysis, Langerhans cells, interdigitating reticulum cells, and histiocytosis X cells. Interestingly, only the alpha subunit was detected in neurons of both central and peripheral nervous system, and in lymph node macrophages. Human S-100-positive cells are divided into three groups; the first is composed of cells containing only the beta subunit (probably S-100b; beta beta), the second consists of cells containing both the alpha and beta subunits, and the third is composed of cells containing only the alpha subunit (probably S- 100ao ; alpha alpha). The ontogentic relationships between S-100-positive cells and tumors are discussed in the light of these findings.

Detection of antibodies to adult T-cell leukemia (ATL)-associated virus in ATL patients' sera by immunoelectron microscopy

In an attempt to demonstrate the presence of antibodies to ATL-associated type-C virus particles (ATLV), an indirect immunoferritin method of immunoelectron microscopy was performed on an ATLV-producing human cord T-cell line (MT-2) and short-term cultures of ATL cells. All five sera from ATL patients seropositive to ATL-associated antigens (ATLA) but not three sera from healthy adults were positive for the ferritin labeling of ATLV and plasma membranes in both MT-2 and short-term cultured ATL cells. Sera absorbed with sheep red blood cells or human T-cell acute lymphatic leukemia cells labeled ATLV much more intensely with ferritin than with plasma membranes. These results demonstrated at the ultrastructural level that anti-ATLA-positive sera contained antibodies to surface glycoproteins and/or structural proteins of ATLV and that they differed from anti-Forssman or anti-T-cell antibodies. It was also demonstrated that anti-ATLA-positive sera showed the same reactivity with ATLV from both MT-2 and short-term cultured ATL-cells by the immunoferritin method.

Plasma cell granuloma of the stomach combined with gastric cancer

An autopsy case of plasma cell granuloma of the stomach combined with gastric cancer is reported. Plasma cell granuloma presumably occurred independently of adenocarcinoma in the stomach, and nodular or diffuse infiltration of plasma cell containing many Russell bodies was observed in the gastric wall, intermingled with lymphocytes. Infiltrating plasma cells were polyclonal in nature as seen by peculiar meshwork patterns of positive immunofluorescence against human gamma, kappa, and lambda chains. Ultrastructurally, globular Russell bodies, 1-7 micrometers in diameter, were located in the rough endoplasmic reticulum and could be divided into two types, smooth-or rough-surfaced one.

Isolation in culture of a type C virus from a Japanese monkey seropositive to adult T-cell leukemia-associated antigens

Co-cultivation of lymphocytes from two Japanese monkeys, one of which was seropositive to adult T-cell leukemia (ATL)-associated antigens (ATLA), gave rise to a lymphoid cell line derived from the anti-ATLA negative monkey. This cell line harbors ATLA and type C virus particles identical in morphology to ATL virus.

Two new human myeloid cell lines derived from acute promyelocytic leukemia and chronic myelocytic leukemia

Two new human myeloid cell lines, PL-21 and KCL-22, were established from acute promyelocytic leukemia and chronic myelocytic leukemia, respectively. PL-21 was positive to peroxidase staining and differentiated into mature myeloid cells in vitro. KCL-22 had Ph1 chromosomes and differentiated into granulocytes in vivo.

[Case report of lipoleiomyoma of the uterus]

A 64-year-old woman with a lipoleiomyoma of the uterus is reported. Histologically, the tumor was predominantly composed of mature fatty tissue and intermingled with irregular-shaped fibromuscular tissue. The fibromuscular tissue showed mast cell infiltration. Ultrastructural study revealed the smooth muscle component to have irregularly indented nuclei, there were cytoplasmic fusiform dense patches, discontinuous external lamina, and occasional fat vacuoles in the nuclei and cytoplasma. The histogenesis of this tumor is most likely metaplasia of the fibromuscular component of fatty tissue.

In vitro transformation of rat brain cells by adenovirus type 12

Whole brain cells, taken from Sprague-Dawley rats of various ages: 13-, 14-, and 16-day fetuses, and 2- and 13-day-old animals were transformed in vitro by adenovirus type 12 (Ad. 12). Immature or dedifferentiated astrocytes (As cells), neurons, and ependymal cells could clearly be identified by conventional staining methods and scanning electron microscopy. Ependymoglioblast-like cells, oligodendrocytes, and undifferentiated cells were also recognized. Sequential observation disclosed that a probable candidate for the target of transformation by Ad. 12 might be As cell which was the most predominant cell type. The transformation rate was highest in the secondary cultures from 16-day fetuses and lowest in the secondary cultures from 13-day-old animals.

Transformation of rabbit lymphocytes with T-cell leukemia virus

Co-cultivation of rabbit lymphocytes with a human cell line carrying adult T-cell leukemia (ATL) virus (ATLV) resulted in the establishment of an ATLV-producer rabbit cell line. This cell line expressed ATL-associated antigens and reacted with antisera to the structural proteins of human T-cell leukemia virus which is identical or closely related to ATLV.

[Establishment and characterization of ATLV-producing cell lines]

Peripheral blood lymphocytes from a Japanese monkey (Macaca fuscata) were co-cultivated with lethally irradiated MT-2 cells that carry abundant type C virus particles (ATLV) isolated from a patient with adult T-cell leukemia (ATL). After six weeks, a lymphoid cell line designated Si-1 was established from the simian lymphocytes. The Si-1 line was E-, SIg-, Leu-1-, OKI1+, EBNA-, ATLA+ and ATLV+. Co-cultivation of peripheral blood lymphocytes from three anti-ATLA positive and two negative healthy adults resulted in the establishment of three lymphoid cell lines derived either from an anti-ATLA positive donor or both donors. All three cell lines were E+, SIg-, Leu-1+, OKI1+, EBNA-, ATLA+ and ATLV+. This mixed lymphocyte culture technique provides a simple means for the isolation of ATLV from healthy ATLV carriers.

Immunoagglutination of type-C virus particles in a human T-cell line by serum supplementation from patients with adult T-cell leukemia

A T-cell line, MT-2, derived from human cord blood lymphocytes by cocultivation with adult T-cell leukemia (ATL) cells is a continuous producer of type-C virus particles. Electron microscopy of MT-2 cells cultured for 1-3 weeks in medium containing 10% ATL patients' sera revealed agglutination of type-C virus particles within the electron-dense deposits in the extracellular spaces. No such agglutination occurred in control cultures supplemented with normal human or fetal calf serum. These results provide direct evidence for the specific reactivity of ATL patient's sera with type-C virus particles in the MT-2 cell line at the ultrastructural level.

Characterization of xenoantiserum produced against B cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia cell line

Antiserum was produced in white rabbit by intravenously injecting living cells of a B cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) line (BALL-1). The reactivity of the antiserum against various lymphoid cell lines was examined by membrane immunofluorescence after appropriate absorption. Serum absorbed with non-T, non-B (NALL-1) and T-ALL (TALL-1) cells recognized B cell antigens distinct from Ia-like antigens on both normal and neoplastic B cells. After further absorption with tonsillar cells or normal B cell line (KO-HL-3), it reacted only with BALL-1 cells and did not react with other leukemia/lymphoma and normal B cell lines. The serum absorbed with tonsillar cells reacted only with BALL-1 and some B cell lines. Thus we were able to obtain antisera with specificity to B cell antigen, B-ALL antigen, and B cell line antigen.