501
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Chen KM, Chen WJ, Chang KJ. [Hypophosphatemia resulting in conscious disturbance following hyperalimentation--a case report (author's transl)]. TAIWAN YI XUE HUI ZA ZHI. JOURNAL OF THE FORMOSAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION 1979; 78:653-7. [PMID: 115961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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502
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Hazum E, Chang KJ, Shechter Y, Wilkinson S, Cuatrecasas P. Fluorescent and photo-affinity enkephalin derivatives: preparation and interaction with opiate receptors. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1979; 88:841-6. [PMID: 223574 DOI: 10.1016/0006-291x(79)91485-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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503
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Shechter Y, Chang KJ, Jacobs S, Cuatrecasas P. Modulation of binding and bioactivity of insulin by anti-insulin antibody: relation to possible role of receptor self-aggregation in hormone action. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1979; 76:2720-4. [PMID: 288060 PMCID: PMC383680 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.76.6.2720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Incubation of physiological concentrations of 125I-labeled insulin with liver membranes in the presence of anti-insulin IgG results in a 7- to 15-fold increase in the specific binding of the hormone. The low-affinity/high-capacity binding sites are replaced by an apparently homogeneous class of high-affinity sites, and the nonlinear Scatchard plots are converted to linear plots without a change in the maximum number of binding sites. Similarly, the binding of insulin to receptors in 3T3 fibroblasts is increased substantially in the presence of anti-insulin antibody, and the biological activity of subactive concentrations of insulin is enhanced by antibody in these cells. However, the affinity of 125I-labeled epidermal growth factors (EGF) in fibroblasts is not affected by anti-EGF IgG. In adipocytes anti-insulin IgG in the same concentration range only inhibits the binding of insulin and suppresses insulin-mediated glucose oxidation. Monovalent Fab' fragments from anti-insulin IgG inhibit the binding of the hormone, indicating that the enhancement of binding in liver membranes and fibroblasts requires the bivalency of the antibody.
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504
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Chang KJ, Cuatrecasas P. Multiple opiate receptors. Enkephalins and morphine bind to receptors of different specificity. J Biol Chem 1979; 254:2610-8. [PMID: 218947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
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505
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Hazum E, Chang KJ, Cuatrecasas P. Interaction of iodinated human [D-Ala2]beta-endorphin with opitate receptors. J Biol Chem 1979; 254:1765-7. [PMID: 217869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The interaction of beta-endorphin with opiate receptors was studied by using the radioiodinated, metabolically stable D-Ala2 derivative of human beta-endorphin. This analog binds specifically to rat brain membrane preparations with an apparent Kd of about 2.5 x 10-9 M. The ability of various enkephalin analogs, as well as opiate agonists and antagonists, to inhibit the binding of beta-endorphin clearly demonstrates that this peptide can bind to opiate receptors. However, the effects of various cations on the binding of 125I-[D-Ala2]beta-endorphin are markedly different from those found for enkephalin binding. Sodium ion at physiological concentrations decreases substantially the binding of enkephalins but only slightly decreases endorphin binding, whereas manganese enhances enkephalin binding but has no effect on endorphin binding. Moreover, potassium (100 mM) decreases the binding of beta-endorphin but does not affect enkephalin binding. These results suggest that beta-endorphin and enkephalin bind differently to the same receptor or bind to different receptors with overlapping specificity.
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506
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Hazum E, Chang KJ, Cuatrecasas P. Rapid degradation of [3H]leucine-enkephalin by intact neuroblastoma cells. Life Sci 1979; 24:137-44. [PMID: 216872 DOI: 10.1016/0024-3205(79)90123-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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507
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Linnoila RI, DiAugustine RP, Miller RJ, Chang KJ, Cuatrecasas P. An immunohistochemical and radioimmunological study of the distribution of [met5]- and [leu5]-enkephalin in the gastrointestinal tract. Neuroscience 1978; 3:1187-96. [PMID: 368675 DOI: 10.1016/0306-4522(78)90138-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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508
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Sar M, Stumpf WE, Miller RJ, Chang KJ, Cuatrecasas P. Immunohistochemical localization of enkephalin in rat brain and spinal cord. J Comp Neurol 1978; 182:17-37. [PMID: 359601 DOI: 10.1002/cne.901820103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 699] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The distribution of immunoreactive enkephalin in rat brain and spinal cord was studied by immunoperoxidase staining using antiserum to leucine-enkephalin ([Leu5]-enkephalin) or methionine-enkephalin ([Met5]-enkephalin). Immunoreactive staining for both enkephalins was similarly observed in nerve fibers, terminals and cell bodies in many regions of the central nervous system. Staining of perikarya was detected in hypophysectomized rats or colchicine pretreated rats. The regions of localization for enkephalin fibers and terminals include in the forebrain: lateral septum, central nucleus of the amygdala, area CA2 of the hippocampus, certain regions of the cortex, corpus striatum, bed nucleus of the stria terminalis, hypothalamus including median eminence, thalamus and subthalamus; in the midbrain: nucleus interpeduncularis, periaqueductal gray and reticular formation; in the hind brain: nucleus parabrachialis, locus ceruleus, nuclei raphes, nucleus cochlearis, nucleus tractus solitarii, nucleus spinalis nervi trigemini, motor nuclei of certain cranial nerves, nucleus commissuralis and formatio reticularis; and in the spinal cord the substantia gelatinosa. In contrast enkephalin cell bodies appear sparsely distributed in the telencephalon, diencephalon, mesencephalon and rhombencephalon. The results of the histochemical staining show that certain structures which positively stain for enkephalin closely correspond to the distribution of opiate receptors in the brain and thus support the concept that the endogenous opiate peptides are involved in the perception of pain and analgesia. The localization of enkephalin in the preoptic-hypothalamic region together with the presence of enkephalin perikarya in the paraventricular and supraoptic nuclei suggest a role of enkephalin in the regulation of neuroendocrine functions.
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509
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Chang KJ, Miller RJ, Cuatrecasas P. Interaction of enkephalin with opiate receptors in intact cultured cells. Mol Pharmacol 1978; 14:961-70. [PMID: 215897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
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510
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Alumets J, Håkanson R, Sundler F, Chang KJ. Leu-enkephalin-like material in nerves and enterochromaffin cells in the gut. An immunohistochemical study. HISTOCHEMISTRY 1978; 56:187-96. [PMID: 99394 DOI: 10.1007/bf00495979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 153] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The distribution and cellular localization of leu-enkephalin in the gut and pancreas was studied by immunohistochemistry using two different antisera, one specifically directed against leu-enkephalin and the other cross reacting with met-enkephalin. The results were identical with both antisera. In all species examined, enkephalin-immunoreactive material was found in nerves of the smooth muscle, particularly numerous in the myenteric plexus. Here, immunoreactive nerve cell bodies were observed occasionally. In addition, enkephalin-immunoreactive material was demonstrated in gut endocrine cells of chicken, mouse, rat, pig and monkey but not of guinea pig, cat and man. Enkephalin cells were detected also in the exocrine parenchyma of the porcine pancreas. They were rare in the gut of mouse, rat and monkey but numerous in the antrum and duodenum of pig where they were identified as 5-hydroxytryptamine-storing enterochromaffin cells. The enkephalin-containing cells of the porcine antrum and duodenum were defined ultrastructurally by the consecutive semithin/ultrathin section technique. The ultrastructural features were typical of enterochromaffin cells, the most characteristic ones being the irregular shape and high electron density of the cytoplasmic granules. The immunoreactive material was confined to the cytoplasmic granules.
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511
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Jacobs S, Chang KJ, Cuatrecasas P. Antibodies to purified insulin receptor have insulin-like activity. Science 1978; 200:1283-4. [PMID: 663609 DOI: 10.1126/science.663609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 180] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Antibodies to insulin receptors purified from rat liver membranes do not complete with [125I]insulin for binding to the insulin receptor but do precipitate solubilized receptors labeled with [125I]insulin. These antibodies have the insulin-like activities of enhancing glucose oxidation and inhibiting epinephrine-induced lipolysis in rat adipocytes. Thus, antibody binds to the receptor at a different site from that to which insulin binds, yet the interaction can initiate an effective biological response. These results indicate that the previously studied insulin-binding sites are the physiological macromolecular receptors for insulin.
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512
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Shechter Y, Schlessinger J, Jacobs S, Chang KJ, Cuatrecasas P. Fluorescent labeling of hormone receptors in viable cells: preparation and properties of highly fluorescent derivatives of epidermal growth factor and insulin. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1978; 75:2135-9. [PMID: 209452 PMCID: PMC392506 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.75.5.2135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Highly fluorescent analogs of insulin and epidermal growth factor were prepared by the covalent attachment of these peptides to alpha-lactalbumin molecules that were highly substituted (i.e., seven to one) with rhodamine molecules. The alpha-lactalbumin was specifically linked to the lysine residue of insulin or to the alpha-amino group of epidermal growth factor. The insulin derivative retained 1.15% of its potency in stimulating glucose oxidation in fat cells but retained about 8.3% of its binding affinity toward receptors. The epidermal growth factor derivative was completely active in binding to fibroblast receptors and 40% as potent as the native hormone in stimulating DNA synthesis. These highly fluorescent derivatives were suitable for the specific visual labeling of receptor sites in viable cells and for measuring the lateral mobilities of the receptor-hormone complexes by fluorescent photobleaching recovery techniques. By these methods it was shown that the hormone-receptor complexes can move laterally in the plane of the plasma membrane with a diffusion coefficient of (3-5) X 10(-10) cm2/sec.
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513
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Miller RJ, Chang KJ, Leighton J, Cuatrecasas P. Interaction of iodinated enkephalin analogues with opiate receptors. Life Sci 1978; 22:379-88. [PMID: 205750 DOI: 10.1016/0024-3205(78)90284-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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514
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Kobayashi RM, Palkovits M, Miller RJ, Chang KJ, Cuatrecasas P. Brain enkephalin distribution is unaltered by hypophysectomy. Life Sci 1978; 22:527-30. [PMID: 625197 DOI: 10.1016/0024-3205(78)90434-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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515
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Miller RJ, Chang KJ, Cooper B, Cuatrecasas P. Radioimmunoassay and characterization of enkephalins in rat tissues. J Biol Chem 1978; 253:531-8. [PMID: 618883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
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516
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Beddell CR, Clark RB, Lowe LA, Wilkinson S, Chang KJ, Cuatrecasas P, Miller R. A conformational analysis for leucine-enkephalin using activity and binding data of synthetic analogues. Br J Pharmacol 1977; 61:351-6. [PMID: 201319 PMCID: PMC1667892 DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.1977.tb08427.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
1. Leucine-enkephalin and some analogues were assayed for activity in vitro on the mouse vas deferens and for binding to opiate receptors from rat brain. 2. The experimental data were analysed in terms of the stringency for glycine, a D-amino acid or an L-amino acid at each position in the peptide. 3. The observed configurational specificity was compared with the stringency that would be predicted to occur if enkephalin adopted certain hydrogen-bonded conformations at the receptor. 4. A small subset of the conformations examined was found to be compatible with the experimental data.
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517
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518
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Chang KJ, Jacobs S, Cuatrecasas P. Quantitative aspects of hormone-receptor interactions of high affinity. Effect of receptor concentration and measurement of dissociation constants of labeled and unlabeled hormones. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1975; 406:294-303. [PMID: 172127 DOI: 10.1016/0005-2736(75)90011-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 179] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
It is demonstrated that because of limitations in the magnitude of the specific activity of radiolabeled hormone derivatives, direct binding studies of hormone-receptor interactions of high affinity (10(-9) -10(-11) M, depending on whether 3H- or 123I-labeled hormones are used) will be subject to artifactual distortions due to the need to utilize high concentrations of the receptor. If the concentration of the receptor is not ten times lower than the true affinity constant, the apparent dissociation constant obtained from direct concentration binding curves will vary as a linear function of the receptor concentration. In addition, at high receptor concentrations saturability becomes difficult to demonstrate experimentally and the binding data yield apparently non-hyperbolic, sigmoidal curves which can be mistakenly interpreted to depict cooperative interactions. Similar artifacts related to receptor concentration are predicted for measurements of the hormone concentration dependence of biological proce-ses (e.g. activation of adenylate cyclase, transport processes, etc.). Methods for detecting these effects, and correctly measuring affinities for labeled and unlabeled hormones under these conditions, are described. The implications for measuring the binding properties of hormone-receptor interactions are discussed, especially in reference to studies of the comparative analysis of receptor function in altered metabolic states and to studies relating the biological and binding properties of hormones.
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519
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Snyder SH, Chang KJ, Kuhar MJ, Yamamura HI. Biochemical indentification of the mammalian muscarinic cholinergic receptor. FEDERATION PROCEEDINGS 1975; 34:1915-21. [PMID: 808430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The muscarinic cholinergic antagonist 3-quinuclidinyl benzilate (QNB) binds avidly but reversibly to the muscarinic cholinergic recptor of mammalian brain and peripheral tissues. [3H]QNB binding provides a simple, sensitive, specific assay for the muscarinic cholinergic receptor binding. Inhibition of [3H]QNB binding to homogenates of brain and guinea pig ileum by muscarinic drugs correlates with their pharmacologic potencies, while nicotinic agents and noncholinergic drugs have neglibible affinity. The regional distribution of [3H]QNB binding throughout rat and monkey brain parallels to a major extent other cholinergic markers, suggesting that the majority of cholinergic synapses in the brain are muscarinic. [3H]QNB accumulation in various brain regions after intravenous injection provides a means of labeling the muscarinic receptor in vivo. By labeling the receptor in vivo; autoradiographic studies under the light microscope have been performed to visualize the muscarinic receptor.
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520
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Chang KJ, Huang D, Cuatrecasas P. The defect in insulin receptors in obese-hyperglycemic mice: a probable accompaniment of more generalized alterations in membrane glycoproteins. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1975; 64:566-73. [PMID: 167751 DOI: 10.1016/0006-291x(75)90359-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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521
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Chang KJ, Bennett V, Cuatrecasas P. Membrane receptors as general markers for plasma membrane isolation procedures. The use of 125-I-labeled wheat germ agglutinin, insulin, and cholera toxin. J Biol Chem 1975; 250:488-500. [PMID: 163229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Specific cell surface membrane receptors, labeled by forming a complex with low concentrations (about 10--9 M to 10--10 M) of a highly radioactive (125-I, carrier-free) ligand, can serve as simple, reliable, sensitive, and quantitative markers for plasma membranes in fractionation procedures. 125-I-Labeled insulin, cholera toxin and the plant lictins, wheat germ agglutinin (WGA), and concanavalin A are the receptor ligands used for labeling plasma membranes. Plasma membranes are labeled before homogenization by incubating intact cells briefly at 24 degrees or 4 degrees, or by very brief in situ perfusion of the organ, with the 125-I-Labeled marker. After removing the free 125-I-labeled ligand from the medium by washing (at 4 degrees), the membrane-marker complex remains intact over prolonged (days) periods of time at 4 degrees. Labeling occurs nearly exclusively on the cell surface, the specificity of this plasma membrane reaction is maintained through homogenization and fractionation, and little dissociation of the complex, detectable exchange of label, or aggregation occur even upon prolonged incubation of the homogenates. When desired, the complex can be dissociated deliberately by manipulating experimental conditions such as temperature or by adding specific simple sugars. The most generally suitable marker appears to be WGA. At least in certain tissues (e. g. fat cells) labeling of the plasma membrane with 125-I-WGA and 125-I-isnulin can be performed equally well and selectively in homogenates as in the intact cell. 125-I-Cholera toxin cannot be used in homogenates because of significant binding to nuclei. The use of 125-I-labeled WGA as a specific plasma membrane marker is illustrated in following the course of fractionations, and in quantitating the yield and purity, of plasma membranes from fat cells, lymphocytes, and liver. The results are compared with simultaneous measurements of the plasma membrane enzyme "markers," ATPase, 5-nucleotidase, and basal as well as hormone-stimulated adenylate cyclase activities. The fractionation of liver plasma membranes by aqueous dextran-polyethylene glycol two-phase polymer systems and by conventional differential centrifugation procedures arealso quantitated with the marker, 125I-WGA. Substantial quantities of plasma membrane material are no recovered in the interphase of the two-phase polymer system. Conventional liver fractionation procedures which retain, for further purification, only the readily sedimented pellet (2000 times g, 15 min) discard a very large (at least 70%) questenal hy
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522
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Cuatrecasas P, Hollenberg MD, Chang KJ, Bennett V. Hormone receptor complexes and their modulation of membrane function. RECENT PROGRESS IN HORMONE RESEARCH 1975; 31:37-94. [PMID: 172994 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-571131-9.50006-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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523
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Chang KJ, Marcus NA, Cuatrecasas P. Cyclic adenosine monophosphate-dependent phosphorylation of specific fat cell membrane proteins by an endogenous membrane-bound protein kinase. Possible involvement in the regulation of insulin-stimulated glucose transport. J Biol Chem 1974; 249:6854-65. [PMID: 4371070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
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524
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Chang KJ, Cuatrecasas P. Adenosine triphosphate-dependent inhibition of insulin-stimulated glucose transport in fat cells. Possible role of membrane phosphorylation. J Biol Chem 1974; 249:3170-80. [PMID: 4830240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
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525
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Cuatrecasas P, Tell GP, Sica V, Parikh I, Chang KJ. Noradrenaline binding and the search for catecholamine receptors. Nature 1974; 247:92-7. [PMID: 4855581 DOI: 10.1038/247092a0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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526
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Chang KJ, Triggle DJ. Quantitative aspects of drug-receptor interactions. II. The role of Ca2+men in desensitization and spasmolytic activity. J Theor Biol 1973; 40:155-72. [PMID: 4723548 DOI: 10.1016/0022-5193(73)90169-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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527
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Chang KJ, Triggle DJ. Quantitative aspects of drug-receptor interactions. I. Ca2+ and cholinergic receptor activation in smooth muscle: a basic model for drug-receptor interactions. J Theor Biol 1973; 40:125-54. [PMID: 4723547 DOI: 10.1016/0022-5193(73)90168-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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528
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Chang KJ, Triggle DJ. Stereoselectivity of cholinergic activity in a series of 1,3-dioxolanes. J Med Chem 1973; 16:718-20. [PMID: 4715011 DOI: 10.1021/jm00264a037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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529
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Chang KJ, Deth RC, Triggle DJ. Structural parameters determining cholinergic and anticholinergic activities in a series of 1,3-dioxolanes. J Med Chem 1972; 15:243-7. [PMID: 4400582 DOI: 10.1021/jm00273a010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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530
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Chang KJ, Ridley HF, Triggle DJ. Studies on the cholinergic receptor. 6. Synthesis and muscarinic activity of 2-methyl-4-(2-dimethylaminoethyl)-1,3-dioxolane methiodide. J Med Chem 1971; 14:1237. [PMID: 5116244 DOI: 10.1021/jm00294a030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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531
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Ch'en YS, Chang KJ, P'eng TE, Li CH, Ch'en SH. Malignant lymphomas with special manifestations. CHINESE MEDICAL JOURNAL (PEKING, CHINA : 1932) 1966; 85:229-35. [PMID: 5960768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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