701
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Majdic G. Could Sex/Gender Differences in ACE2 Expression in the Lungs Contribute to the Large Gender Disparity in the Morbidity and Mortality of Patients Infected With the SARS-CoV-2 Virus? Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2020; 10:327. [PMID: 32582576 PMCID: PMC7295901 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2020.00327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
COVID-19 morbidity and mortality have significant gender disparities, with higher prevalence and mortality in men. SARS-CoV-2 enters the lungs through the ACE2 enzyme, a member of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS). Although there are no data for the lung, the expressions of RAS components in other tissues are modulated by sex hormones, androgens, and estrogens. However, there are no data on sex-specific differences in ACE2 expression. If there is a sex difference in the expression of ACE2 in the lung, this could theoretically explain the gender disparity in COVID-19 disease. More importantly, although modulation of ACE2 will certainly not provide a cure for the COVID-19 disease, modulation of ACE2 by sex hormone modulators, if they affect the expression of ACE2, could potentially be developed into a supportive therapy for COVID-19 patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregor Majdic
- Veterinary Faculty, Institute for Preclinical Sciences, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia.,Institute of Physiology, Medical School University of Maribor, Maribor, Slovenia
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702
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Manti S, Parisi GF, Papale M, Mulè E, Aloisio D, Rotolo N, Leonardi S. Cystic Fibrosis: Fighting Together Against Coronavirus Infection. Front Med (Lausanne) 2020; 7:307. [PMID: 32582746 PMCID: PMC7295902 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2020.00307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sara Manti
- Pediatric Respiratory Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Fabio Parisi
- Pediatric Respiratory Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Maria Papale
- Pediatric Respiratory Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Enza Mulè
- Pediatric Respiratory Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Donatella Aloisio
- Pediatric Respiratory Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Novella Rotolo
- Pediatric Respiratory Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Salvatore Leonardi
- Pediatric Respiratory Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
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703
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Abstract
The severity of coronavirus 2019 infection (COVID-19) is determined by the presence of pneumonia, severe acute respiratory distress syndrome (SARS-CoV-2), myocarditis, microvascular thrombosis and/or cytokine storms, all of which involve underlying inflammation. A principal defence against uncontrolled inflammation, and against viral infection in general, is provided by T regulatory lymphocytes (Tregs). Treg levels have been reported to be low in many COVID-19 patients and can be increased by vitamin D supplementation. Low vitamin D levels have been associated with an increase in inflammatory cytokines and a significantly increased risk of pneumonia and viral upper respiratory tract infections. Vitamin D deficiency is associated with an increase in thrombotic episodes, which are frequently observed in COVID-19. Vitamin D deficiency has been found to occur more frequently in patients with obesity and diabetes. These conditions are reported to carry a higher mortality in COVID-19. If vitamin D does in fact reduce the severity of COVID-19 in regard to pneumonia/ARDS, inflammation, inflammatory cytokines and thrombosis, it is our opinion that supplements would offer a relatively easy option to decrease the impact of the pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Kenneth Weir
- Cardiovascular Division, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, USA
| | | | - Maneesh Bhargava
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care and Sleep, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, USA
| | - Yingjie Chen
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, USA
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704
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Abstract
The rapidly changing health care climate related to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has resulted in numerous changes to health care systems and in practices that protect both the public and the workers who serve in hospitals around the country. As a result, these past few months have seen a drastic reduction in outpatient visits. With phased reopening and appropriate guidance, health care systems are attempting to return to normal. The experiences and lessons learned are described, and we provide guiding principles to allow for a safe and effective return to outpatient care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taher S Valika
- Division of Pediatric Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Ann & Robert H Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA.,Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Kathleen R Billings
- Division of Pediatric Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Ann & Robert H Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA.,Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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705
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Abstract
AIMS Europe has found itself at the epicentre of the COVID-19 pandemic. Naturally, this has placed added strain onto healthcare systems internationally. It was feared that the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic could overrun the Irish healthcare system. As such, the Irish government opted to introduce a national lockdown on the 27 March 2020 in an attempt to stem the flow of admissions to hospitals. Similar lockdowns in the UK and New Zealand have resulted in reduced emergency department presentations and trauma admissions. The aim of this study is to assess the effect of the national lockdown on trauma presentations to a model-3 hospital in Dublin, Ireland. METHODS A retrospective study was conducted. All emergency department presentations between 27 March 2019 to 27 April 2020 and 27 March 2020 to 27 April 2020 were cross-referenced against the National Integrated Medical Imaging System-Picture Archiving Communication System (NIMIS-PACS) radiology system to identify those with radiologically proven skeletal trauma. These patients were grouped according to sex, age, discharge outcome, mechanism of injury, and injury location. RESULTS A 21% decrease in radiologically proven trauma was observed on comparison with the same time-period last year. Additionally, a 40% reduction in trauma admissions was observed during the COVID-19 lockdown. A 60% reduction in sports-related injuries and road traffic accident-related injuries was noted during the national lockdown. However, a 17% increase was observed in patients sustaining trauma because of domestic accidents. CONCLUSION Variation was observed in both the volume and nature of trauma presentations during the COVID-19 lockdown. As would be expected, a reduction was seen in the number of injuries resulting from outdoor activities. Interestingly, increased rates of domestic injuries were seen during this period which could represent an unintended consequence of the prolonged period of lockdown.Cite this article: Bone Joint Open 2020;1-6:261-266.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen Fahy
- Connolly Hospital Blanchardstown, Blanchardstown, Ireland
| | - Joss Moore
- Connolly Hospital Blanchardstown, Blanchardstown, Ireland
| | - Michael Kelly
- Connolly Hospital Blanchardstown, Blanchardstown, Ireland
| | | | - Paddy Kenny
- Cappagh National Orthopaedic Hospital Orthopaedic Department, Dublin, Ireland
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706
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Craver R, Huber S, Sandomirsky M, McKenna D, Schieffelin J, Finger L. Fatal Eosinophilic Myocarditis in a Healthy 17-Year-Old Male with Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2c). Fetal Pediatr Pathol 2020; 39:263-268. [PMID: 32401577 PMCID: PMC7232882 DOI: 10.1080/15513815.2020.1761491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Background: Cardiac damage is frequently referred to in patients with SARS-CoV-2, is usually diagnosed by enzyme elevations, and is generally thought to be due to underlying coronary artery disease. There are references to cardiomyopathies accompanying coronavirus, but there has been no histologic confirmation.Case report: A previously healthy 17 year male old presented in full cardiac arrest to the emergency department after a 2 day history of headache, dizziness, nausea and vomiting. Autopsy demonstrated an enlarged flabby heart with eosinophilic myocarditis. There was no interstitial pneumonia or diffuse alveolar damage. Postmortem nasopharyngeal swabs detected severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) known to cause coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). No other cause for the eosinophilic myocarditis was elucidated.Conclusion: Like other viruses, SARS-CoV-2 may be associated with fulminant myocarditis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Randall Craver
- Laboratory, Children's Hospital of New Orleans, New Orelans, Louisiana, USA.,Pathology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Samantha Huber
- Pathology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA.,Orleans Parish Coroner's Office, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | | | - Dwight McKenna
- Orleans Parish Coroner's Office, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - John Schieffelin
- Pediatrics, Infectious disease, Children's Hospital of New Orleans, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA.,Pediatrics, Tulane University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Leron Finger
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of New Orleans, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA.,Pediatrics, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
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707
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Ghai B, Malhotra N, Bajwa SJS. Telemedicine for chronic pain management during COVID-19 pandemic. Indian J Anaesth 2020; 64:456-462. [PMID: 32792708 PMCID: PMC7398026 DOI: 10.4103/ija.ija_652_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2020] [Revised: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Treatment of chronic pain is an essential service. Due to lockdown, travel restrictions, social and physical distancing requirements or fear that health care facilities may be infected; patients may avoid visiting health care facilities in person. It is also imperative to decrease the risk of exposure of the health care workers (HCWs) to severe acute respiratory syndrome corona virus 2 (SARS CoV2) and to ease the overtly burdened health care system. But any disruption in pain practice will have alarming consequences for individuals, society, and whole of health care system and providers. In the current scenario of COVID-19 pandemic, telemedicine is emerging as a key technology for efficient communication and sustainable solution to provide essential health care services and should be considered for chronic pain patients (CPPs). Recently, Board of Governors in supersession of Medical Council of India along with National Institution for Transforming India (NITI Aayog) released “Telemedicine Practice Guidelines” enabling registered medical practitioners to provide healthcare using telemedicine. This article describes the challenges in CPPs during COVID-19 pandemic and the use of telemedicine as the rescue management vehicle for CPPs in current scenario.
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Affiliation(s)
- Babita Ghai
- Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Naveen Malhotra
- Professor Anaesthesiology and In Charge Pain Management Centre, Pt BDS PGIMS, Rohtak, Haryana, India
| | - Sukhminder Jit Singh Bajwa
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care, Gian Sagar Medical College and Hospital, Banur, Patiala, Punjab, India
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708
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Iliadis AD, Eastwood DM, Bayliss L, Cooper M, Gibson A, Hargunani R, Calder P. Providing a paediatric trauma and orthopaedics service during the peak of the COVID-19 pandemic: The Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital experience. Bone Jt Open 2020; 1:287-292. [PMID: 33215116 PMCID: PMC7659631 DOI: 10.1302/2046-3758.16.bjo-2020-0060.r1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, there was a rapidly implemented restructuring of UK healthcare services. The The Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital, Stanmore, became a central hub for the provision of trauma services for North Central/East London (NCEL) while providing a musculoskeletal tumour service for the south of England, the Midlands, and Wales and an urgent spinal service for London. This study reviews our paediatric practice over this period in order to share our experience and lessons learned. Our hospital admission pathways are described and the safety of surgical and interventional radiological procedures performed under general anaesthesia (GA) with regards to COVID-19 in a paediatric population are evaluated. METHODS All paediatric patients (≤ 16 years) treated in our institution during the six-week peak period of the pandemic were included. Prospective data for all paediatric trauma and urgent elective admissions and retrospective data for all sarcoma admissions were collected. Telephone interviews were conducted with all patients and families to assess COVID-19 related morbidity at 14 days post-discharge. RESULTS Overall, 100 children underwent surgery or interventional radiological procedures under GA between 20 March and 8 May 2020. There were 35 trauma cases, 20 urgent elective orthopaedic cases, two spinal emergency cases, 25 admissions for interventional radiology procedures, and 18 tumour cases. 78% of trauma cases were performed within 24 hours of referral. In the 97% who responded at two weeks following discharge, there were no cases of symptomatic COVID-19 in any patient or member of their households. CONCLUSION Despite the extensive restructuring of services and the widespread concerns over the surgical and anaesthetic management of paediatric patients during this period, we treated 100 asymptomatic patients across different orthopaedic subspecialties without apparent COVID-19 or unexpected respiratory complications in the early postoperative period. The data provides assurance for health care professionals and families and informs the consenting process.Cite this article: Bone Joint Open 2020;1-6:287-292.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Lee Bayliss
- Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital, Stanmore, UK
| | - Michael Cooper
- Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital NHS Trust, Stanmore, UK
| | | | | | - Peter Calder
- Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital, Stanmore, UK
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709
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavan Hiremath
- Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104 India
| | - C S Suhas Kowshik
- Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104 India
| | - Maitri Manjunath
- Department of Humanities and Management, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104 India
| | - Manjunath Shettar
- Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104 India.
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710
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Hagar M, Ahmed HA, Aljohani G, Alhaddad OA. Investigation of Some Antiviral N-Heterocycles as COVID 19 Drug: Molecular Docking and DFT Calculations. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E3922. [PMID: 32486229 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21113922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Revised: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The novel coronavirus, COVID-19, caused by SARS-CoV-2, is a global health pandemic that started in December 2019. The effective drug target among coronaviruses is the main protease Mpro, because of its essential role in processing the polyproteins that are translated from the viral RNA. In this study, the bioactivity of some selected heterocyclic drugs named Favipiravir (1), Amodiaquine (2), 2'-Fluoro-2'-deoxycytidine (3), and Ribavirin (4) was evaluated as inhibitors and nucleotide analogues for COVID-19 using computational modeling strategies. The density functional theory (DFT) calculations were performed to estimate the thermal parameters, dipole moment, polarizability, and molecular electrostatic potential of the present drugs; additionally, Mulliken atomic charges of the drugs as well as the chemical reactivity descriptors were investigated. The nominated drugs were docked on SARS-CoV-2 main protease (PDB: 6LU7) to evaluate the binding affinity of these drugs. Besides, the computations data of DFT the docking simulation studies was predicted that the Amodiaquine (2) has the least binding energy (-7.77 Kcal/mol) and might serve as a good inhibitor to SARS-CoV-2 comparable with the approved medicines, hydroxychloroquine, and remdesivir which have binding affinity -6.06 and -4.96 Kcal/mol, respectively. The high binding affinity of 2 was attributed to the presence of three hydrogen bonds along with different hydrophobic interactions between the drug and the critical amino acids residues of the receptor. Finally, the estimated molecular electrostatic potential results by DFT were used to illustrate the molecular docking findings. The DFT calculations showed that drug 2 has the highest of lying HOMO, electrophilicity index, basicity, and dipole moment. All these parameters could share with different extent to significantly affect the binding affinity of these drugs with the active protein sites.
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711
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Abstract
The Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID 19) has been reported in almost every country in the world. Although a large proportion of infected individuals develop only mild symptoms or are asymptomatic, the spectrum of the disease among others has been widely variable in severity. Additionally, many infected individuals were found to have coagulation markers abnormalities. This is especially true among those progressing to severe pneumonia and multi-organ failure. While the incidence of venous thromboembolic (VTE) disease has been recently noted to be elevated among critically ill patients, the incidence among ambulatory and non-critically ill patients is not yet clearly defined. Herein, we present six patients who didn't have any hypercoagulable risk factors yet presented with pulmonary embolism in association with COVID 19 infection. Furthermore, we discuss the possible underlying mechanisms of hypercoagulability and highlight the possibility of underdiagnosing pulmonary embolism in the setting of overlapping symptoms, decreased utilization of imaging secondary to associated risks, and increased turnover times. In addition, we emphasize the role of extended thromboprophylaxis in discharged patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamer Akel
- Department of Cardiology, St. Joseph's University Medical Center, 703 Main St., Paterson, NJ 07503, United States of America.
| | - Firas Qaqa
- Department of Cardiology, St. Joseph's University Medical Center, 703 Main St., Paterson, NJ 07503, United States of America
| | - Ahmad Abuarqoub
- Department of Cardiology, St. Joseph's University Medical Center, 703 Main St., Paterson, NJ 07503, United States of America
| | - Fayez Shamoon
- Department of Cardiology, St. Joseph's University Medical Center, 703 Main St., Paterson, NJ 07503, United States of America
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712
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Kashyap U, Saha SK. Enhanced Design of PPE Based on Electrostatic Principle to Eliminate Viruses (SARS-CoV-2). Trans Indian Natl Acad Eng 2020; 5:337-341. [PMID: 38624318 PMCID: PMC7244939 DOI: 10.1007/s41403-020-00101-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Revised: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The ongoing global pandemic due to the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is in the crucial stage. The vaccine is still at the developing stage. Currently, the only way to check the spreading of this virus is self-isolation. It is reported that a good number of health workers are infected while treating patients suffering from COVID 19. Therefore, an effort is made to develop a system that can enhance safety and check unwanted viruses. Although the complete specification of the SARS-CoV-2 is yet to be evaluated, the present work considers the characteristic of SARS-CoV-1, which closely relates to that of SARS-CoV-2. The proteins are one of the most important structural and functional molecules of the virus; therefore, few properties of a protein are considered. In this work, we propose a sanitization procedure of the personal protective equipment (PPE), such as gloves and masks, before and after the use, by employing high voltage charge generator (30 kV) from a very low DC source of 5 V to eliminate the virus from the surface of PPE. The positive output is connected to a metallic surface coated with carbon nanotubes (CNT) or a metallic surface ablated using lithography to achieve desired nano-grooves of 200 nm. At the tip of these nano-grooves, a very high electric field is generated which readily ionises the air in the vicinity of the tip. The high electric field alters the induced dipole of the protein of the virus, causing permanent damage in terms of electroporation. Further positive salt ions diffuse into the protein of the viruses, causing it inactive and disintegrate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uddip Kashyap
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, 400076 India
| | - Sandip K. Saha
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, 400076 India
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713
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Elkoundi A, Jaafari A, Ababou M, Boubekri A, Baite A, Bensghir M. Preoperative assessment organization in the time of the outbreak COVID-19. J Clin Anesth 2020; 65:109882. [PMID: 32447166 PMCID: PMC7237933 DOI: 10.1016/j.jclinane.2020.109882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2020] [Accepted: 05/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Maintaining the health of clinical workforce during COVID-19 pandemic is a top priority. Extraordinary measures could greatly reduce the risk of cross-contamination for both staff and non-infected patients. Airway assessment is a critical time for the consultant anesthetist. Projecting the airway examination via a mirror can be a useful idea to minimizing viral contamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdelghafour Elkoundi
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Military Teaching Hospital Mohammed V, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy of Rabat, Mohammed V University of Rabat, Rabat, Morocco.
| | - Abdelhamid Jaafari
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Military Teaching Hospital Mohammed V, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy of Rabat, Mohammed V University of Rabat, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Mourad Ababou
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Military Teaching Hospital Mohammed V, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy of Rabat, Mohammed V University of Rabat, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Ayoub Boubekri
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Military Teaching Hospital Mohammed V, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy of Rabat, Mohammed V University of Rabat, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Abdelouahed Baite
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Military Teaching Hospital Mohammed V, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy of Rabat, Mohammed V University of Rabat, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Mustapha Bensghir
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Military Teaching Hospital Mohammed V, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy of Rabat, Mohammed V University of Rabat, Rabat, Morocco
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714
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Asensio E, Acunzo R, Uribe W, Saad EB, Sáenz LC. Recommendations for the measurement of the QT interval during the use of drugs for COVID-19 infection treatment. Updatable in accordance with the availability of new evidence. J Interv Card Electrophysiol 2020; 59:315-320. [PMID: 32418181 PMCID: PMC7229438 DOI: 10.1007/s10840-020-00765-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
COVID-19 infection has shown rapid growth worldwide, and different therapies have been proposed for treatment, in particular, the combination of immune response modulating drugs such as chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine (antimalarials) alone or in combination with azithromycin. Although the clinical evidence supporting their use is scarce, the off label use of these drugs has spread very quickly in face of the progression of the epidemic and the high mortality rate in susceptible populations. However, these medications can pathologically prolong the QT interval and lead to malignant ventricular arrhythmias such that organized guidance on QT evaluation and management strategies are important to reduce morbidity associated with the potential large-scale use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrique Asensio
- Division of Internal Medicine, Hospital H, Querétaro, Mexico
| | - Rafael Acunzo
- Division of Cardiology, Hospital Ramos Mejía, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | - Eduardo B Saad
- Arrhythmias Service, Hospital Pró-Cardíaco, Río de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Luis C Sáenz
- International Center of Arrhythmias, Fundación CardioInfantilI-Instituto de Cardiología, Bogotá, Colombia.
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715
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Lanza M, Polistina GE, Imitazione P, Annunziata A, Di Spirito V, Novella C, Fiorentino G. Successful intravenous immunoglobulin treatment in severe COVID-19 pneumonia. IDCases 2020; 21:e00794. [PMID: 32426229 DOI: 10.1016/j.idcr.2020.e00794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2020] [Revised: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
We describe a 42-year old woman, admitted to our Department after 15 days of persistence of respiratory failure and treated with infusion of intravenous immunoglobulin with a successful outcome.
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716
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Bueno Ferrán M, Barrientos-Trigo S. [Caring for the caregiver: The emotional impact of the coronavirus epidemic on nurses and other health professionals]. Enferm Clin (Engl Ed) 2021; 31:S35-9. [PMID: 32425487 DOI: 10.1016/j.enfcli.2020.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
La crisis sanitaria provocada por la pandemia del virus COVID-19 ha vuelto a destacar el papel de los profesionales sanitarios como elemento clave para su contención, que sufren una alta tensión marcada por la presión asistencial y la falta de medios de protección. Ante esta tensión, resulta relevante analizar el impacto emocional en los profesionales sanitarios de la pandemia de coronavirus y los recursos de afrontamiento para disminuir o atenuar este impacto. Destacan el estrés, los trastornos del sueño y los síntomas depresivos. Se ofrecen algunas estrategias que han sido utilizados por profesionales que anteriormente han sufrido la presión del COVID-19 y les han sido de utilidad. Por último, se señalan algunas recomendaciones cuya eficacia es conocida para el manejo del impacto emocional.
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717
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Durante-Mangoni E, Andini R, Bertolino L, Mele F, Florio LL, Murino P, Corcione A, Zampino R. Early experience with remdesivir in SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia. Infection 2020; 48:779-782. [PMID: 32418190 PMCID: PMC7229436 DOI: 10.1007/s15010-020-01448-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
At present, there is no definitive antiviral treatment for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). We describe our early experience with remdesivir in four critically ill COVID-19 patients. Patients received a 200 mg loading dose, followed by 100 mg daily intravenously for up to 10 days. All patients had been previously treated with other antivirals before remdesivir initiation. One patient experienced a torsade de pointes requiring cardiac resuscitation and one died due to multiple organ failure. Three patients showed biochemical signs of liver injury. Lymphocyte count increased in all patients soon after remdesivir initiation. Nasal swab SARS-CoV-2 RNA became negative in three of four patients after 3 days of therapy. We observed an in vivo virological effect of remdesivir in four critically ill, COVID-19 patients, coupled with a significant burden of adverse events. Although limited by the low number of subjects studied, our preliminary experience may be relevant for clinicians treating COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuele Durante-Mangoni
- Division of Internal Medicine, University of Campania 'L. Vanvitelli', Monaldi Hospital, Piazzale Ettore Ruggieri, 80131, Naples, Italy. .,Unit of Infectious and Transplant Medicine, AORN Ospedali dei Colli-Monaldi Hospital, Naples, Italy.
| | - Roberto Andini
- Unit of Infectious and Transplant Medicine, AORN Ospedali dei Colli-Monaldi Hospital, Naples, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Bertolino
- Division of Internal Medicine, University of Campania 'L. Vanvitelli', Monaldi Hospital, Piazzale Ettore Ruggieri, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Ferruccio Mele
- Division of Internal Medicine, University of Campania 'L. Vanvitelli', Monaldi Hospital, Piazzale Ettore Ruggieri, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Letizia Lucia Florio
- Division of Internal Medicine, University of Campania 'L. Vanvitelli', Monaldi Hospital, Piazzale Ettore Ruggieri, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Patrizia Murino
- Intensive Care Unit, AORN Ospedali dei Colli-Monaldi Hospital, Naples, Italy
| | - Antonio Corcione
- Intensive Care Unit, AORN Ospedali dei Colli-Monaldi Hospital, Naples, Italy
| | - Rosa Zampino
- Division of Internal Medicine, University of Campania 'L. Vanvitelli', Monaldi Hospital, Piazzale Ettore Ruggieri, 80131, Naples, Italy.,Unit of Infectious and Transplant Medicine, AORN Ospedali dei Colli-Monaldi Hospital, Naples, Italy
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718
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Yadav SK, Kar BK, Banta A, Kumar A. Creating Backup Management Resources for Spine Care during the Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pandemic. Asian Spine J 2020; 14:382-384. [PMID: 32403895 PMCID: PMC7280931 DOI: 10.31616/asj.2020.0193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
During this unprecedented time of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID 19) pandemic, most countries are struggling to optimize their healthcare resources. Although the prevention and treatment of COVID 19 has become the priority for the majority of the population, most medical professionals are facing the challenge of balancing the management of this pandemic and treating patients with other diseases. Healthcare professionals from all specialties are facing this situation and designing guidelines and recommendations that are contributing to the literature that is crucial for disease management at the current time. We share our experience with two ends of the spectra that we currently observe in spine patients. One group of patients included the non-operative cases that presented with back pain. Further, we discuss our experience with operative precautions and digitally assisted discharge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandeep Kumar Yadav
- Department of Orthopedics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Raipur, India.,Department of Trauma and Emergency, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Raipur, India
| | - Bikram Keshri Kar
- Department of Orthopedics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Raipur, India
| | - Aditya Banta
- Department of Spine Surgery, Shalby Hospital, Sahibzada Ajit Singh Nagar, India
| | - Awkash Kumar
- Department of Orthopedics, Shalby Hospital, Ahmedabad, India
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719
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Toumi M, Aballea S. Commentary on "Hydroxychloroquine and azithromycin as a treatment of COVID-19: results of an open label non-randomized clinical trial" by Gautret et al. J Mark Access Health Policy 2020; 8:1758390. [PMID: 32537099 PMCID: PMC7269042 DOI: 10.1080/20016689.2020.1758390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The results of a clinical trial comparing hydroxychloroquine with or without azithromycin to the standard of care for the treatment of COVID-19 were recently published by Philippe Gautret et al. This study provides outstanding results for the combination of hydroxychloroquine and azithromycin over the standard of care, but the evidence was deemed insufficiently robust to warrant a public health decision to widen the use of hydroxychloroquine for the treatment of COVID-19. We provide a scientific critical review of the Gautret et al. publication, put the results in the context of the current knowledge, provide an evaluation of the validity of the results (from a methodologic perspective), and discuss public health implications. The study has a number of limitations, including small sample size, lack of comparability between patients in active treatment and control arms, lack of blinding, use of interim analyses without controlling for the risk of type 1 error, use of analysis in the per-protocol population instead of the intention-to-treat population, and inconsistencies between the study protocol and article. However, none of these observations is of a nature to reverse the conclusions. The study brings useful knowledge consistent with available evidence and clinical practice from China and South Korea, which could have prompted quicker policy decision-making.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mondher Toumi
- Department of Public Health Research, Unit EA 3279, Aix Marseille University, Marseille, France
- Creativ-Ceutical, Paris, France
| | - Samuel Aballea
- Department of Public Health Research, Unit EA 3279, Aix Marseille University, Marseille, France
- Creativ-Ceutical, Paris, France
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720
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Finucane FM, Davenport C. Coronavirus and Obesity: Could Insulin Resistance Mediate the Severity of Covid-19 Infection? Front Public Health 2020; 8:184. [PMID: 32574288 PMCID: PMC7247836 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2020.00184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Francis M Finucane
- HRB Clinical Research Facility, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland.,Bariatric Medicine Service, Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Galway University Hospitals, Galway, Ireland
| | - Colin Davenport
- HRB Clinical Research Facility, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland.,Bariatric Medicine Service, Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Galway University Hospitals, Galway, Ireland
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721
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Ricci F, Izzicupo P, Moscucci F, Sciomer S, Maffei S, Di Baldassarre A, Mattioli AV, Gallina S. Recommendations for Physical Inactivity and Sedentary Behavior During the Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) Pandemic. Front Public Health 2020; 8:199. [PMID: 32574294 PMCID: PMC7235318 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2020.00199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Fabrizio Ricci
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, "G. D'Annunzio" University, Chieti, Italy.,Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Pascal Izzicupo
- Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, University "G. D'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Federica Moscucci
- Department of Cardiovascular, Respiratory, Geriatric, Nephrology and Anesthesiology Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Susanna Sciomer
- Department of Cardiovascular, Respiratory, Geriatric, Nephrology and Anesthesiology Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Silvia Maffei
- Cardiovascular and Gynaecological Endocrinology Unit, Fondazione G. Monasterio CNR-Regione Toscana, Pisa, Italy
| | - Angela Di Baldassarre
- Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, University "G. D'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Anna Vittoria Mattioli
- Surgical, Medical and Dental Department of Morphological Sciences Related to Transplant, Oncology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Sabina Gallina
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, "G. D'Annunzio" University, Chieti, Italy
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722
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Ierardi AM, Angileri SA, Arrichiello A, Di Meglio L, Gurgitano M, Rodà GM, Carrafiello G. Pulmonary embolism in COVID-19: Ventilation and perfusion computed tomography. IDCases 2020; 21:e00805. [PMID: 32395424 PMCID: PMC7212973 DOI: 10.1016/j.idcr.2020.e00805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Revised: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
This is an illustrated case about CT ventilation and perfusion in Covid patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Maria Ierardi
- Radiology Department, Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Antonio Arrichiello
- Post-graduate School of Radiology, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Letizia Di Meglio
- Post-graduate School of Radiology, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Giovanni Maria Rodà
- Post-graduate School of Radiology, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Gianpaolo Carrafiello
- Radiology Department, Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy.,Department of Health Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
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723
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Hartley S, Colas des Francs C, Aussert F, Martinot C, Dagneaux S, Londe V, Waldron L, Royant-Parola S. [The effects of quarantine for SARS-CoV-2 on sleep: An online survey]. Encephale 2020; 46:S53-S59. [PMID: 32475692 PMCID: PMC7211567 DOI: 10.1016/j.encep.2020.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Objectif Déterminer l’évolution du sommeil chez les Français pendant le confinement motivé par la pandémie du SARS-CoV-2 et définir les facteurs comportementaux associés à un sommeil détérioré. Méthodologie Une enquête en ligne via les réseaux sociaux pendant la période de confinement. Les questions ont ciblé les conditions de confinement, les comportements relatifs au sommeil et les éléments de l’environnement potentiellement perturbateurs du sommeil (exposition à la lumière et activités sportives). Résultats Au total, 1777 participants ont été inclus dont 77 % femmes, 72 % âgés de 25–54 ans. Les conditions de confinement les plus fréquentes étaient en couple avec enfants (36 %) et en maison avec jardin (51 %). Quarante-sept pour cent rapportent une diminution de la qualité du sommeil en confinement. Les facteurs associés à une détérioration du sommeil retenus par l’analyse multivariée sont une diminution de la durée du sommeil (OR 15,52 — p < 0,001), un coucher plus tardif (OR 1,72 — p < 0,001), un lever plus matinal (2,18 — p = 0,01), des horaires plus irréguliers (OR 2,29 — p < 0,001), une diminution de l’exposition à la lumière du jour (OR 1,46 — p = 0,01) et une augmentation de l’utilisation des écrans le soir (OR 1,33 — p = 0,04). Conclusion La mauvaise qualité subjective du sommeil en confinement est associée à une modification des comportements relatifs au sommeil et de l’exposition à la lumière (moins de lumière du jour et plus d’écran le soir). Pour optimiser le sommeil en confinement, des horaires adaptés et réguliers, une exposition de plus d’une heure/jour à la lumière du jour et l’éviction des écrans le soir sont à conseiller.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Hartley
- Réseau Morphée, 2, Grande rue, 92380 Garches, France; Unité du sommeil, EA 4047, université de Versailles Saint-Quentin en Yvelines, hôpital Raymond-Poincaré, AP-HP, 92380 Garches, France.
| | | | - F Aussert
- Réseau Morphée, 2, Grande rue, 92380 Garches, France; Centre des explorations multifonctionnelles, hôpital Antoine-Béclère, AP-HP, Clamart, France
| | - C Martinot
- Réseau Morphée, 2, Grande rue, 92380 Garches, France
| | - S Dagneaux
- Réseau Morphée, 2, Grande rue, 92380 Garches, France
| | - V Londe
- Réseau Morphée, 2, Grande rue, 92380 Garches, France
| | - L Waldron
- Réseau Morphée, 2, Grande rue, 92380 Garches, France
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724
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Salman S, Saleem SG, Khatri A, Jamal I, Maroof Q, Alam A. Inter-hospital communication and transfer practices during COVID-19 Pandemic in Karachi, Pakistan. A brief overview. Pak J Med Sci 2020; 36:S118-S120. [PMID: 32582328 PMCID: PMC7306951 DOI: 10.12669/pjms.36.covid19-s4.2803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: To discuss the referral mechanisms established for safe and expeditious inter-facility transfer of COVID 19 positive patients to ensure their referrals through establishing proper communication channels. Methods: Mobile phone and WhatsApp based groups, administrated by The Indus Hospital were established in April 2020. Through detailed reports and frequent communication, factors like bed and ventilator availability across these facilities are shared. Weekly reports through zoom meetings updating the key stake holders, discussion of problems faced and planning for the week ahead are also done. Result: The establishment of these groups has been successful in ensuring referral to and from The Indus Hospital to various healthcare facilities across Karachi using appropriate ambulance services. Conclusion: The development of referral mechanisms is the need of the day that has been highlighted through the COVID 19 pandemic. It is our hope that these mechanisms are sustained after the pandemic and result in improvement in patient outcome through proper referrals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saima Salman
- Saima Salman, Emergency Department, The Indus Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan
| | | | - Adeel Khatri
- Adeel Khatri, Emergency Department, The Indus Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Imran Jamal
- Imran Jamal, Emergency Department, The Indus Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Quratulain Maroof
- Quratulain Maroof, Emergency Department, The Indus Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Ashar Alam
- Ashar Alam, Medical Directorate, The Indus Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan
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725
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Di Maio P, Iocca O, Cavallero A, Giudice M. Performing the nasopharyngeal and oropharyngeal swab for 2019-novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) safely: How to dress, undress, and technical notes. Head Neck 2020; 42:1548-1551. [PMID: 32357377 PMCID: PMC7267608 DOI: 10.1002/hed.26230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background To show how to safely perform nasopharyngeal and/or oropharyngeal swabs for 2019‐novel coronavirus. Methods The video describes in detail the dressing and undressing procedures of health personnel, with the appropriate personal protective equipment. Technical notes for the execution of the nasopharyngeal and oropharyngeal swab are also provided to avoid sampling errors. Results The undressing phase is the procedure with the highest risk of self‐contamination for the health worker. Following the various steps as shown in the video, there were no cases of contagion among the otolaryngology team appointed to perform the swabs for SARS‐CoV‐2 testing. Conclusions This study demonstrates the technical feasibility of safely performing nasopharyngeal and/or oropharyngeal swabs for identification of SARS‐CoV‐2 viral RNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pasquale Di Maio
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Giovanni Borea Civil Hospital, Sanremo, Italy
| | - Oreste Iocca
- Humanitas Clinical and Research Center - IRCCS, Rozzano, MI, Italy
| | - Antonio Cavallero
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Giovanni Borea Civil Hospital, Sanremo, Italy
| | - Marco Giudice
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Giovanni Borea Civil Hospital, Sanremo, Italy
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726
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Baud D, Dimopoulou Agri V, Gibson GR, Reid G, Giannoni E. Using Probiotics to Flatten the Curve of Coronavirus Disease COVID-2019 Pandemic. Front Public Health 2020; 8:186. [PMID: 32574290 PMCID: PMC7227397 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2020.00186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- David Baud
- Materno-Fetal and Obstetrics Research Unit, Department Woman-Mother-Child, Lausanne University Hospital, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Varvara Dimopoulou Agri
- Clinic of Neonatology, Department Woman-Mother-Child, Lausanne University Hospital, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Glenn R. Gibson
- Food and Nutritional Sciences, St Joseph's Hospital, The University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom
| | - Gregor Reid
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada,Canadian R&D Centre for Human Microbiome and Probiotics, Lawson Health Research Institute, London, ON, Canada
| | - Eric Giannoni
- Clinic of Neonatology, Department Woman-Mother-Child, Lausanne University Hospital, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland,*Correspondence: Eric Giannoni
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727
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728
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Sahu D, Agrawal T, Rathod V, Bagaria V. Impact of COVID 19 lockdown on orthopaedic surgeons in India: A survey. J Clin Orthop Trauma 2020; 11:S283-S290. [PMID: 32398918 PMCID: PMC7217112 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcot.2020.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Revised: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 05/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the fight against COVID 19, the government of India announced a 3 weeks lockdown of the entire country of 1.3 billion people on 24th March 2020. METHODS One week after the lockdown was announced, we conducted an anonymous online survey of the orthopaedic surgeons in India through social media platforms to assess the impact of the lockdown during COVID 19. The survey had a total of 13 questions with (3-5) options and was designed with an aim to understand the perception and the state of mind of the Orthopaedic surgeons in the lockdown situation. RESULTS The survey was completed by 611 orthopaedic surgeons from 140 cities in India. There were 22.5% orthopaedic surgeons who said that they were definitely stressed out, and 40.5% who said they were mildly stressed out. As the age decreased, the percentage of orthopaedic surgeons feeling "definitely stressed out" increased. Disruption of life-work balance and uncertainties regarding return to work were other strongly associated factors with the "definitely stressed out" group. CONCLUSION The psychological impact of the lockdown during COVID 19 on orthopaedic surgeons may become a potential concern that will require addressal through open discussion. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE diagnostic level 4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dipit Sahu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sir H.N. Reliance Foundation Hospital, Mumbai, India
- Mumbai Shoulder Institute, Mumbai, India
| | | | | | - Vaibhav Bagaria
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sir H.N. Reliance Foundation Hospital, Mumbai, India
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729
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Meo SA, Abukhalaf AA, Alomar AA, Sattar K, Klonoff DC. COVID-19 Pandemic: Impact of Quarantine on Medical Students' Mental Wellbeing and Learning Behaviors. Pak J Med Sci 2020; 36:S43-S48. [PMID: 32582313 PMCID: PMC7306952 DOI: 10.12669/pjms.36.covid19-s4.2809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES The novel coronavirus COVID-19 pandemic causes great public health and socioeconomic harms. Worldwide many countries implemented quarantine policies to minimize the spread of this highly contagious disease. The present study aim was to investigate the impact of quarantine on the medical students' mental wellbeing and learning behaviors. METHODS In this descriptive study, we used a questionnaire with a Five-Point Likert Scale to collect the information. The questionnaire was distributed among 625 medical students through their emails with a response rate of 530 (84.8%), majority 294 (55.47%) being female. The survey questionnaire consisted of total 20 items; 12 items were related to psychological wellbeing and stress-allied queries and 08 items were about learning behaviors. RESULTS The findings encompass two important characteristics related to quarantine, psychological wellbeing, and learning behaviors. A combined cohort of 234 medical students, either female or male, (which was 44.1% of the total responders) showed a sense of being emotionally detached from family, friends and fellow students, 125/ 530 (23.5%) medical students felt disheartened. Both female and male medical students showed a marked decrease in their overall work performance. Moreover, 56.2% of the total students (61.5% of the females and 49.5% of the males) felt a decrease in the time they spent studying. CONCLUSIONS Both female and male medical students have identified that quarantine has caused them to feel emotionally detached from family, fellows, and friends and decrease their overall work performance and study period. The findings also show that one fourth of the medical students who participated in this study felt disheartened during the quarantine period. The long-term quarantine due to COVID-19 pandemics may causes further worsening in the psychological and learning behaviors of these medical students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sultan Ayoub Meo
- Sultan Ayoub Meo Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulelah Adnan Abukhalaf
- Abdulelah Adnan Abukhalaf Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ali Abdullah Alomar
- Ali Abdullah Alomar Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Kamran Sattar
- Kamran Sattar Department of Medical Education, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - David C Klonoff
- David C Klonoff Diabetes Research Institute, Mills-Peninsula Medical Center San Mateo, California, USA
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730
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Yang Y, Anstey J, Yastrebov K, Nanjayya VB, Orde S, Nalos M, Costello C, Ryan NPG. COVID-US: A simplified approach to cardiopulmonary ultrasound in suspected and confirmed COVID-19 patients in surge crisis. Australas J Ultrasound Med 2020; 23:96-102. [PMID: 32514320 PMCID: PMC7267540 DOI: 10.1002/ajum.12209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Revised: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (COVID-19) pandemic has placed an unprecedented challenge on healthcare systems across the globe. Rapid assessment of the cardiorespiratory function to monitor disease progression and guide treatment is essential. Therefore, we have designed the COVID-US: a simplified cardiopulmonary ultrasound approach to use in suspected and confirmed COVID-19 patients, to aid front-line health workers in their decision-making in a surge crisis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yang
- Intensive Care UnitWestern Health160 Gordon StFootscray3011VictoriaAustralia
- Intensive Care UnitBox Hill Hospital,Eastern clinical school, Monash University8 Arnold StBox Hill3128VictoriaAustralia
| | - James Anstey
- Intensive Care UnitRoyal Melbourne Hospital300 Grattan Street (corner of Royal Parade)Parkville3050.VictoriaAustralia
| | - Konstantin Yastrebov
- Intensive Care UnitPrinces of Wales Hospital320-346 Barker StRandwick2031New South WalesAustralia
- University of New South WalesSydney2052New South WalesAustralia
| | | | - Sam Orde
- Intensive Care UnitNepean HospitalKingswood, Penrith2747New South WalesAustralia
| | - Marek Nalos
- Intensive Care MedicineNepean HospitalKingswood, Penrith2747New South WalesAustralia
| | - Cartan Costello
- Intensive Care UnitWollongong HospitalWollongongNew South WalesAustralia
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731
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Praveen D, Puvvada RC, M VA. Janus kinase inhibitor baricitinib is not an ideal option for management of COVID-19. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2020; 55:105967. [PMID: 32259575 PMCID: PMC7128600 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2020.105967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Revised: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The Wuhan outbreak of novel Corona virus infection has been the global focus since December 2019. This infection has become a global pandemic. It is highly important to understand the virology of the pathogen and to explore the therapeutic options for management of this pandemic. Drug repurposing strategies are being considered for management of COVID 19. Among the identified drugs, Baricitinib has become a keen interest for researchers because of its ability to inhibit the viral assembly by the prevention of Clarithrin associated endocytosis. We tried to explore the reasons on why Baricitinib is not an ideal option for COVID 19.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Praveen
- Research Scholar, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Vels Institute of Science Technology and Advanced Studies, 600117, Chennai, India.
| | - Ranadheer Chowdary Puvvada
- Research Scholar, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Vels Institute of Science Technology and Advanced Studies, 600117, Chennai, India.
| | - Vijey Aanandhi M
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Vels Institute of Science Technology and Advanced Studies, Chennai, India.
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732
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Abstract
This case report examines a male with no previous history of seizures initially admitting to the medical service later upgraded to ICU after respiratory failure developing multiple episodes of seizures. Laboratory values on admission, neurological investigations, as well as review of current literature on COVID-19 encephalitis is provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandeep Sohal
- The Brooklyn Hospital Center, 121 Dekalb, Ave Brooklyn, NY, United States
| | - Mossammat Mansur
- The Brooklyn Hospital Center, 121 Dekalb, Ave Brooklyn, NY, United States
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733
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Zhao S, Ling K, Yan H, Zhong L, Peng X, Yao S, Huang J, Chen X. Anesthetic Management of Patients with COVID 19 Infections during Emergency Procedures. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth 2020; 34:1125-1131. [PMID: 32178954 PMCID: PMC7102598 DOI: 10.1053/j.jvca.2020.02.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of the present study was to prevent cross-infection in the operating room during emergency procedures for patients with confirmed or suspected 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) by following anesthesia management protocols, and to document clinical- and anesthesia-related characteristics of these patients. DESIGN This was a retrospective, multicenter clinical study. SETTING This study used a multicenter dataset from 4 hospitals in Wuhan, China. PARTICIPANTS Patients and health care providers with confirmed or suspected 2019-nCoV from January 23 to 31, 2020, at the Wuhan Union Hospital, the Wuhan Children's Hospital, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, and the Wuhan Fourth Hospital in Wuhan, China. INTERVENTIONS Anesthetic management and infection control guidelines for emergency procedures for patients with suspected 2019-nCoV were drafted and applied in 4 hospitals in Wuhan. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Cross-infection in the operating rooms of the 4 hospitals was effectively reduced by implementing the new measures and procedures. The majority of patients with laboratory-confirmed 2019-nCoV infection or suspected infection were female (23 [62%] of 37), and the mean age was 41.0 years old (standard deviation 19.6; range 4-78). 10 (27%) patients had chronic medical illnesses, including 4 (11%) with diabetes, 8 (22%) with hypertension, and 8 (22%) with digestive system disease. Twenty-five (68%) patients presented with lymphopenia, and 23 (62%) patients exhibited multiple mottling and ground-glass opacity on computed tomography scanning. CONCLUSIONS The present study indicates that COVID 19-specific guidelines for emergency procedures for patients with confirmed or suspected 2019-nCoV may effectively prevent cross-infection in the operating room. Most patients with confirmed or suspected COVID 19 presented with fever and dry cough and demonstrated bilateral multiple mottling and ground-glass opacity on chest computed tomography scans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Zhao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China; Department of Anesthesiology, Wuhan Children's Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ken Ling
- Department of Anesthesiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China; Department of Anesthesiology, Wuhan Children's Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Hong Yan
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Liang Zhong
- Department of Anesthesiology, Wuhan Children's Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaohong Peng
- Department of Anesthesiology, Wuhan Fourth Hospital in Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Shanglong Yao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Jiapeng Huang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, University of Louisville, KY
| | - Xiangdong Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China.
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734
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Abstract
Online teaching and learning is not a new phenomenon. For the last many years, it has been mainly used as a part of face to face teaching. Assessment is an essential part of teaching and learning, as it establishes the achievement of course learning outcomes by the students. Computer-based assessment is in place for a long time now, however, online assessments have been less practiced. This is because of the issues of validity, reliability and dishonesty. During the COVID 19 pandemic, the educational environment has taken a paradigm shift in many medical schools, both nationally and internationally. This situation demands a method of assessment that is safe, valid, reliable, acceptable, feasible and fair. This paper describes the different formats of online assessment and their application in formative and summative assessments during and after the COVID 19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rehan Ahmed Khan
- Prof. Rehan Ahmed Khan MBBS(Pak), FCPS (Pak), FRCS (Ire), JM-HPE (Ned), MSc HPE (UK) Professor of Surgery, Assistant Dean Medical Education, Riphah International University, Islamabad, Pakistani
| | - Masood Jawaid
- Dr. Masood Jawaid MBBS, MCPS, MRCS (Glasg), FCPS (Surg), MHPE. Director Medical Affairs and Pharmacy Services, PharmEvo, Consultant Surgeon, DSH Karachi, Pakistani
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735
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Pitocco D, Tartaglione L, Viti L, Di Leo M, Pontecorvi A, Caputo S. SARS-CoV-2 and DPP4 inhibition: Is it time to pray for Janus Bifrons? Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2020; 163:108162. [PMID: 32335097 PMCID: PMC7179491 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2020.108162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes could be a risk factor for severity and mortality in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 COVID-19. It has been hypothesized that DPP4 inhibition, a therapy currently available for type 2 diabetes, might represent a target for decreasing the risk of the acute respiratory complications of the COVID-19 infection but (1) lack of demonstration of SARS-CoV2 binding to DPP4 (2) possible protective role of sDPP4 in Middle East respiratory Syndrome (MERS-CoV) (3) demonstrated inhibition and downregulation of DPP4 by HIV1 and MERS-CoV and (4) not exclusive role of the receptor binding in tropism of the Coronavirus family, support that DPP4 inhibition at present doesn't represent a plausible approach to mitigate COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dario Pitocco
- Diabetes Care Unit, Fondazione Policlinico A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy.
| | - Linda Tartaglione
- Diabetes Care Unit, Fondazione Policlinico A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Luca Viti
- Diabetes Care Unit, Fondazione Policlinico A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Mauro Di Leo
- Diabetes Care Unit, Fondazione Policlinico A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Alfredo Pontecorvi
- Department of Endocrinology, Fondazione Policlinico A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Salvatore Caputo
- Diabetes Care Unit, Fondazione Policlinico A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
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736
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Mouli TC, Davuluri A, Vijaya S, Priyanka ADY, Mishra SK. Effectiveness of simulation based teaching of ventilatory management among non-anaesthesiology residents to manage COVID 19 pandemic - A Quasi experimental cross sectional pilot study. Indian J Anaesth 2020; 64:S136-S140. [PMID: 32773853 PMCID: PMC7293371 DOI: 10.4103/ija.ija_452_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2020] [Revised: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Simulation is one of the important learning tools when it comes to skill acquisition and as a supplemental tool for training in high stake situations like COVID-19. The aim of this study is to meet the global requirements of knowledge on ventilatory management, prepare and to evaluate the effectiveness of the teaching module for non-anesthesiology trainees on COVID-19 patients. METHODS Quasi experimental cross sectional pilot study was conducted with a sample of twenty-six trainees. A teaching module was prepared and validated which consisted of lectures, audio-video sessions, demonstrations with hands-on training, debriefing, analytical-phase and reflection. Pre and Post evaluations from student t-test and direct observation of procedural skills (DOPS) were used for knowledge and skill assessment respectively and feedback obtained from Likert's score. RESULTS Pre- and Post-tests had a mean score of 7.42 ± 2.12 and 14.92 ± 2.9 respectively (P value 0.00001). DOPS included 16 point score, in which 23 trainees (88.4%) met the expectations and above expectations as per training objectives. A five-point Likert's score feedback revealed satisfactory and highly satisfactory scores of 100% (ABG), 96.1% (mechanical ventilation), and 84.6% (ventilation in COVID-19 patients). Overall satisfaction for the workshop among respondents was 100 per cent. Confidences of handling scores were 84.5% (interpreting ABG), 65.3% (maneuvering mechanical ventilation), and 96.15% (intubation in COVID-19 patients). CONCLUSION A planned teaching module in ventilation management helps to train non-anaesthesiologists more effectively as a part of COVID-19 preparedness. Simulation with debriefing based training to the medical fraternity is the best alternative in the present pandemic and it will also ensure the safety of health care professionals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatikonda Chandra Mouli
- Department of Anaesthesiology And Critical Care, GSL Medical College, Rajahmundry, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Anjani Davuluri
- Department of Anaesthesiology And Critical Care, GSL Medical College, Rajahmundry, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Sana Vijaya
- Department of General Surgery, GSL Medical College, Rajahmundry, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Avala Devi Yamini Priyanka
- Department of Anaesthesiology And Critical Care, GSL Medical College, Rajahmundry, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Sushant Kumar Mishra
- Department of Community Medicine, GSL Medical College, Rajahmundry, Andhra Pradesh, India
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737
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Affiliation(s)
- Arvind Kumar
- Department of Orthopaedics, HIMSR, New Delhi, India
| | - Ashok Kumar
- Assistant Professor of Gastroenterology, AIIMS, Rishikesh, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Saubhik Das
- Rajendra Institute of Medical Sciences (RIMS), Bariatu, Ranchi, 834009, India
- Corresponding author.
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738
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Kumar R, Naseem S, Jayatissa J, Adhikari CL, Aziz T, Qureshi R, Prasad PN, Randenikumara S, Kumar P, Rahman MZ, Gupta PP, Khan MKA, Perera MA, Boobna V, Kaimal RS, Kubendra M, Tiwari S, Jawaid H, Samaranayaka S, Andrades M, Madhwani KP, Shah PR. A Statement of Solidarity on COVID-19 Pandemic 2020 by the South Asian Family Physicians. J Family Med Prim Care 2020; 9:1795-1797. [PMID: 32670919 PMCID: PMC7346906 DOI: 10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_619_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2020] [Revised: 04/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The World Organization of Family Doctors (WONCA) is a not-for-profit organization and was founded in 1972 by member organizations in 18 countries. WONCA now has 118 Member Organizations in 131 countries and territories with a membership of about 500,000 family doctors and more than 90 percent of the world's population. WONCA has seven regions, each of which has its own regional Council and run their own regional activities including conferences. WONCA South Asia Region is constituted by the national academies and colleges and academic member organizations of this region namely India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Nepal, Sri Lanka, Bhutan, and the Maldives. In the background of the ongoing COVID 19 pandemic, the office bearers, academic leaders, practitioners, and researchers of primary care from the South Asia Region have issued a solidarity statement articulating the role of primary care physicians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raman Kumar
- National President, Academy of Family Physicians of India, New Delhi, India, President WONCA - World Organization of Family Doctors, South Asia Region, India
| | - Shehla Naseem
- Secretary General, College of Family Medicine, Pakistan
| | | | - Chhabi Lal Adhikari
- Professor of General Practice and Course Coordinator, Khesar Gyalpo University of Medical Sciences of Bhutan (KGUMSB), Thimphu, Bhutan
| | - Tariq Aziz
- President, Pakistan Academy of Family Physicians, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Riaz Qureshi
- Professor, Department of Family Medicine Department, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Pratap Narayan Prasad
- Institute of Medicine, Department of General Practice and Emergency Medicine, TUTH, Maharajgunj Kathmandu, Nepal
| | | | - Pratyush Kumar
- Chair, WONCA Rural South Asia, Senior Resident, Department of Geriatrics, Patna Medical College Hospital, Patna, Bihar, India
| | - Md Zakiur Rahman
- President, Primary Care & Rural Health Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Pramendra Prasad Gupta
- Associate Professor Department of General Practice, B.P.Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal
| | | | | | - Vandana Boobna
- Department of Preventive Care , Medicine Max Super Specialty Hospital, Delhi, India
| | - Resmi S Kaimal
- Consultant Family Medicine Department of Family Medicine, Lourdes Hospital, Kochi, Kerala, India
| | | | - Sanjeeb Tiwari
- Assistant Professor, TUTH, Maharajgunj, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Hina Jawaid
- Department of Family Medicine, University of Health Sciences Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Shyamalee Samaranayaka
- Head, Department of Family Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Sri Lanka
| | - Marie Andrades
- Head, Institute of Family Medicine Jinnah Sindh Medical University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | | | - Pragnesh R Shah
- Member, Federation of Family Physicians Association of India (FFPAI), SMO ESIS General Hospital, Vadodara, Gujarat, India
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739
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Kumar R. Fever, flu and family physicians during COVID 19 pandemic 2020 in India. J Family Med Prim Care 2020; 9:1781-1783. [PMID: 32670916 PMCID: PMC7346936 DOI: 10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_617_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2020] [Revised: 04/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Fevers - undifferentiated, often unacknowledged, is one of the largest morbidity afflicting in primary care settings and the overall healthcare ecosystem in India. FEVER is probably also the largest public health entity in terms of DALY - (Disability Adjusted Life Years) impacting the working population both in urban as well as rural areas; however, it remains unaddressed by public health programs, which are largely organized through vertical disease-focused national programs. The family physicians see a high volume of undifferentiated fevers throughout the year with seasonal and regional variations in India. Family doctors are not formally linked with the public health programs as India continues to march on selective primary care. Family physicians and medical officers are the most vulnerable for exposure to undifferentiated patient load. The first two health workers who died of COVID 19 in India (Indore) were practicing family physicians. Two mohalla clinic doctors tested positive in Delhi and two other general practitioners have been found to be infected in Mumbai. The media discussions have been on increasing capacity for critical care and the number of ventilators etc., It is also important for the governments to urgently review the functionality of PHCs, CHCs and district hospitals, and create a framework of partnership with standalone family physicians and general practitioners as well as nursing home, small hospitals to play a constructive role in managing the epidemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raman Kumar
- President Academy of Family Physicians of India, New Delhi, India
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740
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Khan MM, Parab SR. Simple Economical Solution for Personal Protection Equipment (Face Mask/Shield) for Health Care Staff During COVID 19. Indian J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2020;:1-5. [PMID: 32346531 DOI: 10.1007/s12070-020-01863-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 is an infectious disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2. It has taken a toll of lots of lives since its outbreak. Infection prevention at present is an appropriate control measure in addition to other measure like hand hygiene and personal protective equipment (PPE). In our country with a large population, supplying PPE to all the health care workers of all hospitals definitely is an economic burden. Hence we have come up with an economic and simple solution for face mask.
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741
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Scalinci SZ, Trovato Battagliola E. Conjunctivitis can be the only presenting sign and symptom of COVID-19. IDCases 2020; 20:e00774. [PMID: 32373467 PMCID: PMC7195291 DOI: 10.1016/j.idcr.2020.e00774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Revised: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Five cases of non-remitting conjunctivitis turned out to be the sole presenting sign and symptom of COVID-19. These patients tested positive on RT-PCR of naso-pharyngeal swabs and developed no fever, malaise, or respiratory symptoms throughout the course of their illness. They all fully recovered. In the current efforts to fight the spread of this virus, authors want to emphasize that atypical clinical presentations of COVID-19 can occur and a high level of suspicion should be maintained. Ocular involvement and transmission of SARS-CoV-2 should never be overlooked. In fact, conjunctival mucosae are susceptible to respiratory viruses and remain an important point of entry. For this reason, eye protection in the form of goggles or a face shield should be considered essential for all healthcare providers, even when taking care of patients who are not showing typical symptoms of COVID-19.
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742
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Mobasheri
- Research Unit of Medical Imaging, Physics and Technology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, State Research Institute, Centre for Innovative Medicine, Santariskiu 5, LT-08406 Vilnius, Lithuania
- University Medical Center Utrecht, Departments of Orthopedics, Rheumatology & Clinical Immunology, 508 GA Utrecht, the Netherlands
- Centre for Sport, Exercise and Osteoarthritis Versus Arthritis, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham, United Kingdom
- Corresponding author at: Research Unit of Medical Imaging, Physics and Technology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.
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743
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Horowitz RI, Freeman PR, Bruzzese J. Efficacy of glutathione therapy in relieving dyspnea associated with COVID-19 pneumonia: A report of 2 cases. Respir Med Case Rep 2020; 30:101063. [PMID: 32322478 PMCID: PMC7172740 DOI: 10.1016/j.rmcr.2020.101063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2020] [Revised: 04/19/2020] [Accepted: 04/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Infection with COVID-19 potentially can result in severe outcomes and death from "cytokine storm syndrome", resulting in novel coronavirus pneumonia (NCP) with severe dyspnea, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), fulminant myocarditis and multiorgan dysfunction with or without disseminated intravascular coagulation. No published treatment to date has been shown to adequately control the inflammation and respiratory symptoms associated with COVID-19, apart from oxygen therapy and assisted ventilation. We evaluated the effects of using high dose oral and/or IV glutathione in the treatment of 2 patients with dyspnea secondary to COVID-19 pneumonia. METHODS Two patients living in New York City (NYC) with a history of Lyme and tick-borne co-infections experienced a cough and dyspnea and demonstrated radiological findings consistent with novel coronavirus pneumonia (NCP). A trial of 2 g of PO or IV glutathione was used in both patients and improved their dyspnea within 1 h of use. Repeated use of both 2000 mg of PO and IV glutathione was effective in further relieving respiratory symptoms. CONCLUSION Oral and IV glutathione, glutathione precursors (N-acetyl-cysteine) and alpha lipoic acid may represent a novel treatment approach for blocking NF-κB and addressing "cytokine storm syndrome" and respiratory distress in patients with COVID-19 pneumonia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard I. Horowitz
- HHS Babesia and Tickborne Pathogen Subcommittee, Washington, D.C., 20201, USA
- Hudson Valley Healing Arts Center, 4232 Albany Post Road, Hyde Park, NY, 12538, USA
| | - Phyllis R. Freeman
- Hudson Valley Healing Arts Center, 4232 Albany Post Road, Hyde Park, NY, 12538, USA
| | - James Bruzzese
- Sophie Davis School of Biomedical Education/CUNY School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10031, USA
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744
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Joseph AO, Joseph JP, Pereira B, Gahir J. Coronavirus outbreak: Reorganising the breast unit during a pandemic. Eur J Surg Oncol 2020; 46:1176-1177. [PMID: 32336625 PMCID: PMC7172677 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejso.2020.04.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Anokha O Joseph
- Department of Surgery, North Middlesex Hospital, London, UK.
| | - Janso P Joseph
- Department of Surgery, Broomfield Hospital, Chelmsford, UK
| | | | - Jasdeep Gahir
- Department of Surgery, North Middlesex Hospital, London, UK
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745
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Al Harbi MK, Abdulmomen A, Qurashi FA, Kattan M, Ahmad AE, Eldawlatly A. Airway management and COVID-19 patient -Saudi Anesthesia Society guidelines. Saudi J Anaesth 2020; 14:387-389. [PMID: 32934635 PMCID: PMC7458009 DOI: 10.4103/sja.sja_265_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Revised: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 04/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The Saudi Anesthesia Society (SAS) in line with the Mission and Vision of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia to contain the new coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is pleased to develop a statement regarding airway management of suspected/confirmed patients with this virus, to ensure the safe practice in dealing with the patient as well as protecting the medical staff from getting the infection. In this report, we have summarized the guidelines necessary for airway management of suspected/confirmed COVID-19 patient. Since the COVID-19 outbreak is up to date existed, therefore this report is considered as interim guidelines for airway management of the suspected/confirmed patients. The guidelines will be revisited and modified in the future, if necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed K Al Harbi
- Asst. Professor and Consultant Anesthesiologist, King Saud Bin AbdulAziz University for Health Science, Riyadh, KSA
| | - Ahmed Abdulmomen
- Professor of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, KSA
| | - Fahad Al Qurashi
- Consultant and Chief of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins Aramco Healthcare, Dhahran, Jeddah, KSA
| | - Maan Kattan
- Asst. Professor and Consultant Thoracic and Regional Anesthesiologist and Pain Management KAMC/King Saud Bin AbdulAziz University for Health Science, Jeddah, KSA
| | - Abdulaziz E Ahmad
- Assistant Professor of Anesthesia, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, KSA
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746
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Bonavita S, Tedeschi G, Atreja A, Lavorgna L. Digital triage for people with multiple sclerosis in the age of COVID-19 pandemic. Neurol Sci 2020; 41:1007-9. [PMID: 32303856 DOI: 10.1007/s10072-020-04391-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We propose a possible approach for the remote monitoring of infection risk in people with multiple sclerosis, especially those on immunosuppressant drugs, during COVID-19 pandemic. We developed a digital triage tool to be sent to patients to quickly identify people with high risk of COVID-19 infection. This tool will also limit unnecessary accesses to the MS centers reducing the risk of spreading the infection.
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747
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Mehta N, Mazer-Amirshahi M, Alkindi N, Pourmand A. Pharmacotherapy in COVID-19; A narrative review for emergency providers. Am J Emerg Med 2020; 38:1488-1493. [PMID: 32336586 PMCID: PMC7158837 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajem.2020.04.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Revised: 04/12/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The COVID-19 pandemic has been particularly challenging due to a lack of established therapies and treatment guidelines. With the rapid transmission of disease, even the off-label use of available therapies has been impeded by limited availability. Several antivirals, antimalarials, and biologics are being considered for treatment at this time. The purpose of this literature review is to synthesize the available information regarding treatment options for COVID-19 and serve as a resource for health care professionals. OBJECTIVES This narrative review was conducted to summarize the effectiveness of current therapy options for COVID-19 and address the controversial use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors, and angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs). PubMed and SCOPUS were queried using a combination of the keywords "COVID 19," "SARS-CoV-2," and "treatment." All types of studies were evaluated including systematic reviews, case-studies, and clinical guidelines. DISCUSSION There are currently no therapeutic drugs available that are directly active against SARS-CoV-2; however, several antivirals (remdesivir, favipiravir) and antimalarials (chloroquine, hydroxychloroquine) have emerged as potential therapies. Current guidelines recommend combination treatment with hydroxychloroquine/azithromycin or chloroquine, if hydroxychloroquine is unavailable, in patients with moderate disease, although these recommendations are based on limited evidence. Remdesivir and convalescent plasma may be considered in critical patients with respiratory failure; however, access to these therapies may be limited. Interleukin-6 (IL-6) antagonists may be used in patients who develop evidence of cytokine release syndrome (CRS). Corticosteroids should be avoided unless there is evidence of refractory septic shock, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), or another compelling indication for their use. ACE inhibitors and ARBs should not be discontinued at this time and ibuprofen may be used for fever. CONCLUSION There are several ongoing clinical trials that are testing the efficacy of single and combination treatments with the drugs mentioned in this review and new agents are under development. Until the results of these trials become available, we must use the best available evidence for the prevention and treatment of COVID-19. Additionally, we can learn from the experiences of healthcare providers around the world to combat this pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikita Mehta
- Emergency Medicine Department, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC, USA
| | | | - Nour Alkindi
- Emergency Medicine Department, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Ali Pourmand
- Emergency Medicine Department, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC, USA.
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748
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Abstract
Background: Estimating the net reproductive number of COVID-19 virus can reveal the rate and severity of the disease transmission in the Iranian society to health researchers and practitioners. Also, it signifies the importance of the disease to the community. Thus, the aim of this study was to determine the net reproductive number of COVID-19 in Iran and its different provinces. Methods: This study was conducted on the data of COVID-19 patients in Iran from February 21 to March 8, 2020. To determine the net reproductive number of COVID-19 in Iran, the serial interval and β value were first determined using linear regression analysis. Then, the net reproductive number values were calculated for Iran and its different provinces. Results: The results of this study showed that the net reproductive number of COVID-19 in Iran was 1.31. Using the available data up to March 15, 2020, the highest net reproductive number was in Mazandaran, Yazd, Isfahan, Qazvin, and Zanjan provinces, with values of 2.07, 1.86, 1.84, and 1.76, respectively. The net reproductive number also showed an increasing trend in Kohgiluyeh and BoyerAhmad province. Conclusion: It seems that although the net reproductive number of the virus had a decreasing trend in the provinces, it is still high. Therefore, sanitary measures in these provinces should be pursued more seriously. On the other hand, social distancing is a topic that should be taken into consideration, that is, social gatherings and contacts should be avoided as much as possible and strategies and facilities for this action should be developed by the government and health policymakers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yousef Moradi
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Babak Eshrati
- Preventive Medicine and Public Health Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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749
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Bhatia R, Srivastava MVP, Khurana D, Pandit L, Mathew T, Gupta S, Netravathi M, Nair SS, Singh G, Singhal BS. Consensus Statement On Immune Modulation in Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Expert Group on Behalf of the Indian Academy of Neurology. Ann Indian Acad Neurol 2020; 23:S5-S14. [PMID: 32419748 PMCID: PMC7213028 DOI: 10.4103/0972-2327.282442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Knowledge related to SARS-CoV-2 or 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) is still emerging and rapidly evolving. We know little about the effects of this novel coronavirus on various body systems and its behaviour among patients with underlying neurological conditions, especially those on immunomodulatory medications. The aim of the present consensus expert opinion document is to appraise the potential concerns when managing our patients with underlying CNS autoimmune demyelinating disorders during the current COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohit Bhatia
- Department of Neurology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - M V Padma Srivastava
- Department of Neurology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Dheeraj Khurana
- Department of Neurology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Lekha Pandit
- Department of Neurology, K.S. Hegde Medical Academy, Mangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Thomas Mathew
- Department of Neurology, St John's Medical College, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Salil Gupta
- Department of Neurology, Command Hospital Air Force, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - M Netravathi
- Department of Neurology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Sruthi S Nair
- Department of Neurology, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
| | - Gagandeep Singh
- Department of Neurology, Dayanand Medical College and Hospital, Ludhiana, Punjab, India
| | - Bhim S Singhal
- Department of Neurology, Bombay Hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
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750
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Liu Z, Zhang Y, Wang X, Zhang D, Diao D, Chandramohan K, Booth CM. Recommendations for Surgery During the Novel Coronavirus (COVID-19) Epidemic. Indian J Surg 2020;:1-5. [PMID: 32292252 DOI: 10.1007/s12262-020-02173-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The whole world is going through an unprecedented period during the pandemic of COVID-19. This pandemic has affected all aspects of daily life with far-reaching implications, especially in most aspects of healthcare. Practice of surgery across the globe is in a standstill as of now. When we restart surgical practices across world, we have to bring new protocols and practices in place to combat the transmission. This article discusses the major changes in surgical practice, which need to be brought in. This article is based on scientific information about transmission of virus and experiences of some of the authors from China, a country which successfully dealt with and contained the virus outbreak.
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