701
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Messina GC, Malerba M, Zilio P, Miele E, Dipalo M, Ferrara L, De Angelis F. Hollow plasmonic antennas for broadband SERS spectroscopy. Beilstein J Nanotechnol 2015; 6:492-8. [PMID: 25821690 PMCID: PMC4362024 DOI: 10.3762/bjnano.6.50] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2014] [Accepted: 01/22/2015] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
The chemical environment of cells is an extremely complex and multifaceted system that includes many types of proteins, lipids, nucleic acids and various other components. With the final aim of studying these components in detail, we have developed multiband plasmonic antennas, which are suitable for highly sensitive surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) and are activated by a wide range of excitation wavelengths. The three-dimensional hollow nanoantennas were produced on an optical resist by a secondary electron lithography approach, generated by fast ion-beam milling on the polymer and then covered with silver in order to obtain plasmonic functionalities. The optical properties of these structures have been studied through finite element analysis simulations that demonstrated the presence of broadband absorption and multiband enhancement due to the unusual geometry of the antennas. The enhancement was confirmed by SERS measurements, which showed a large enhancement of the vibrational features both in the case of resonant excitation and out-of-resonance excitation. Such characteristics indicate that these structures are potential candidates for plasmonic enhancers in multifunctional opto-electronic biosensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriele C Messina
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Nanostructures Department, Via Morego 30, 16163 Genova, Italia
| | - Mario Malerba
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Nanostructures Department, Via Morego 30, 16163 Genova, Italia
| | - Pierfrancesco Zilio
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Nanostructures Department, Via Morego 30, 16163 Genova, Italia
| | - Ermanno Miele
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Nanostructures Department, Via Morego 30, 16163 Genova, Italia
| | - Michele Dipalo
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Nanostructures Department, Via Morego 30, 16163 Genova, Italia
| | - Lorenzo Ferrara
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Nanostructures Department, Via Morego 30, 16163 Genova, Italia
| | - Francesco De Angelis
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Nanostructures Department, Via Morego 30, 16163 Genova, Italia
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702
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Nicoli F, Verschueren D, Klein M, Dekker C, Jonsson MP. DNA translocations through solid-state plasmonic nanopores. Nano Lett 2014; 14:6917-25. [PMID: 25347403 PMCID: PMC4264857 DOI: 10.1021/nl503034j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2014] [Revised: 10/22/2014] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Nanopores enable label-free detection and analysis of single biomolecules. Here, we investigate DNA translocations through a novel type of plasmonic nanopore based on a gold bowtie nanoantenna with a solid-state nanopore at the plasmonic hot spot. Plasmonic excitation of the nanopore is found to influence both the sensor signal (nanopore ionic conductance blockade during DNA translocation) and the process that captures DNA into the nanopore, without affecting the duration time of the translocations. Most striking is a strong plasmon-induced enhancement of the rate of DNA translocation events in lithium chloride (LiCl, already 10-fold enhancement at a few mW of laser power). This provides a means to utilize the excellent spatiotemporal resolution of DNA interrogations with nanopores in LiCl buffers, which is known to suffer from low event rates. We propose a mechanism based on plasmon-induced local heating and thermophoresis as explanation of our observations.
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703
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Abstract
Efficient signal amplification processes are key to the design of sensitive assays for biomolecule detection. Here, we describe a new assay platform that takes advantage of both polymerization reactions and the aggregation of nanoparticles to amplify signal. In our design, a cascade is set up in which radicals generated by either enzymes or metal ions are polymerized to form polymers that can entangle multiple gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) into aggregates, resulting in a visible color change. Less than 0.05% monomer-to-polymer conversion is required to initiate aggregation, providing high sensitivity toward the radical generating species. Good sensitivity of this assay toward horseradish peroxidase, catalase, and parts per billion concentrations of iron and copper is shown. Incorporation of the oxygen-consuming enzyme glucose oxidase (GOx), enables this assay to be performed in open air conditions at ambient temperature. We anticipate that such a design will provide a useful platform for sensitive detection of a broad range of biomolecules through polymerization-based amplification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam J Gormley
- Department of Materials, Department of Bioengineering, and Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Imperial College London , London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
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704
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Bog U, Brinkmann F, Kalt H, Koos C, Mappes T, Hirtz M, Fuchs H, Köber S. Large-scale parallel surface functionalization of goblet-type whispering gallery mode microcavity arrays for biosensing applications. Small 2014; 10:3863-3868. [PMID: 24990526 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201400813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2014] [Revised: 05/14/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
A novel surface functionalization technique is presented for large-scale selective molecule deposition onto whispering gallery mode microgoblet cavities. The parallel technique allows damage-free individual functionalization of the cavities, arranged on-chip in densely packaged arrays. As the stamp pad a glass slide is utilized, bearing phospholipids with different functional head groups. Coated microcavities are characterized and demonstrated as biosensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uwe Bog
- Institute of Microstructure Technology (IMT), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), 76128, Karlsruhe, Germany
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705
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Zeng X, Tu W, Li J, Bao J, Dai Z. Photoelectrochemical biosensor using enzyme-catalyzed in situ propagation of CdS quantum dots on graphene oxide. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2014; 6:16197-203. [PMID: 25154012 DOI: 10.1021/am5043164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
An innovative photoelectrochemical (PEC) biosensor platform was designed based on the in situ generation of CdS quantum dots (QDs) on graphene oxide (GO) using an enzymatic reaction. Horseradish peroxidase catalyzed the reduction of sodium thiosulfate with hydrogen peroxide to generate H2S, which reacted with Cd(2+) to form CdS QDs. CdS QDs could be photoexcited to generate an elevated photocurrent as a readout signal. This strategy offered a "green" alternative to inconvenient presynthesis procedures for the fabrication of semiconducting nanoparticles. The nanomaterials and assembly procedures were characterized by microscopy and spectroscopy techniques. Combined with immune recognition and on the basis of the PEC activity of CdS QDs on GO, the strategy was successfully applied to a PEC assay to detect carcinoembryonic antigen and displayed a wide linear range from 2.5 ng mL(-1) to 50 μg mL(-1) and a detection limit of 0.72 ng mL(-1) at a signal-to-noise ratio of 3. The PEC biosensor showed satisfactory performance for clinical sample detection and was convenient for determining high concentrations of solute without dilution. This effort offers a new opportunity for the development of numerous rapid and convenient analytical techniques using the PEC method that may be applied in the design and preparation of various solar-energy-driven applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianxiang Zeng
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Biofunctional Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University , Nanjing, 210023 Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
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706
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Abstract
The possibility of distinguishing between DNA nucleobases of different sizes is manifested here through quantum-mechanical simulations. By using derivatives of small, modified diamond clusters, known as diamondoids, it is possible to separate the pyrimidines (cytosine and thymine) from the larger purines (adenine and guanine), according to the collective electronic and binding properties of these DNA nucleobases and the diamondoid. The latter acts as a probe with which these properties can be examined in detail. Short single-stranded DNA is built up from single nucleobases to reveal the effect of each DNA unit on the sensing abilities of the diamondoid probe. Several ways of orienting the nucleobases, nucleosides, nucleotides, and short single-stranded DNA are investigated; these lead to quite different electronic properties and may or may not enhance the possibility of separating the DNA nucleobases. For the optimum orientation, that is, one that promotes stronger hydrogen bonding of the diamondoid to the short DNA strand, it is found that the electronic band gaps of a purine strand lie in a completely different range to the band gaps of a pyrimidine strand. This difference can be over 1 eV, which is measurable and shows the potential of using diamondoids and their derivatives in biosensing devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank C Maier
- Institute for Computational Physics, Universität Stuttgart, Allmandring 3, 70569 Stuttgart (Germany)
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707
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Gurnev PA, Nestorovich EM. Channel-forming bacterial toxins in biosensing and macromolecule delivery. Toxins (Basel) 2014; 6:2483-540. [PMID: 25153255 PMCID: PMC4147595 DOI: 10.3390/toxins6082483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2014] [Revised: 08/08/2014] [Accepted: 08/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
To intoxicate cells, pore-forming bacterial toxins are evolved to allow for the transmembrane traffic of different substrates, ranging from small inorganic ions to cell-specific polypeptides. Recent developments in single-channel electrical recordings, X-ray crystallography, protein engineering, and computational methods have generated a large body of knowledge about the basic principles of channel-mediated molecular transport. These discoveries provide a robust framework for expansion of the described principles and methods toward use of biological nanopores in the growing field of nanobiotechnology. This article, written for a special volume on "Intracellular Traffic and Transport of Bacterial Protein Toxins", reviews the current state of applications of pore-forming bacterial toxins in small- and macromolecule-sensing, targeted cancer therapy, and drug delivery. We discuss the electrophysiological studies that explore molecular details of channel-facilitated protein and polymer transport across cellular membranes using both natural and foreign substrates. The review focuses on the structurally and functionally different bacterial toxins: gramicidin A of Bacillus brevis, α-hemolysin of Staphylococcus aureus, and binary toxin of Bacillus anthracis, which have found their "second life" in a variety of developing medical and technological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip A Gurnev
- Physics Department, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA.
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708
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Guo L, Wong MS. Multiphoton excited fluorescent materials for frequency upconversion emission and fluorescent probes. Adv Mater 2014; 26:5400-5428. [PMID: 24981591 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201400084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2014] [Revised: 04/17/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Recent progress in developing various strategies for exploiting efficient MPA fluorophores for two emerging technological MPA applications including frequency upconversion photoluminescence and lasing as well as 2PA fluorescence bioimaging and biosensing are presented. An intriguing application of MPA frequency-upconverted lasing offers opportunity for the fabrication of high-energy coherent light sources in the blue region which could create new advantages and breakthroughs in various laser-based applications. In addition, multiphoton excitation has led to considerable progress in the development of advanced diagnostic and therapeutic treatments; further advancement is anticipated with the emergence of various versatile 2PA fluorescence probes. It is widely appreciated that the two-photon excitation offers significant advantages for the biological fluorescence imaging and sensing which includes higher spatial resolution, less photobleaching and photodamage as well as deeper tissue penetration as compared to the one-photon excited microscopy. To be practically useful, the 2PA fluorescent probes for biological applications are required to have a site-specificity, a high fluorescence quantum yield, proper two-photon excitation and subsequent emission wavelengths, good photodecomposition stability, water solubility, and biocompatibility besides large 2PA action cross-sections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Guo
- Institute of Molecular Functional Materials+, Department of Chemistry and Institute of Advanced Materials, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong SAR, China
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709
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Abstract
We have developed a general numerical/analytical theory of non-faradaic impedance of an evaporating droplet, and validated the model by experiments involving droplets of various analyte concentrations deposited on a surface defined by coplanar electrodes. The impedance of the droplet Z(n0,t,f) is analyzed as a function of the concentration (n0) of the ions in the solution, the measurement frequency (f) and the evaporation time (t). We illustrate the versatility of the model by determining the sensitivity enhancement α(t) of the droplet-based impedimetric nano-biosensor under different regimes of operation. The model should have broad applications in the characterization/optimization of droplet-based systems, especially lab-on-chip components involving digital microfluidics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piyush Dak
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.
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710
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Ferré-Borrull J, Pallarès J, Macías G, Marsal LF. Nanostructural Engineering of Nanoporous Anodic Alumina for Biosensing Applications. Materials (Basel) 2014; 7:5225-53. [PMID: 28788127 DOI: 10.3390/ma7075225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2014] [Revised: 07/01/2014] [Accepted: 07/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Modifying the diameter of the pores in nanoporous anodic alumina opens new possibilities in the application of this material. In this work, we review the different nanoengineering methods by classifying them into two kinds: in situ and ex situ. Ex situ methods imply the interruption of the anodization process and the addition of intermediate steps, while in situ methods aim at realizing the in-depth pore modulation by continuous changes in the anodization conditions. Ex situ methods permit a greater versatility in the pore geometry, while in situ methods are simpler and adequate for repeated cycles. As an example of ex situ methods, we analyze the effect of changing drastically one of the anodization parameters (anodization voltage, electrolyte composition or concentration). We also introduce in situ methods to obtain distributed Bragg reflectors or rugate filters in nanoporous anodic alumina with cyclic anodization voltage or current. This nanopore engineering permits us to propose new applications in the field of biosensing: using the unique reflectance or photoluminescence properties of the material to obtain photonic barcodes, applying a gold-coated double-layer nanoporous alumina to design a self-referencing protein sensor or giving a proof-of-concept of the refractive index sensing capabilities of nanoporous rugate filters.
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711
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Ma TY, Tang Y, Dai S, Qiao SZ. Proton-functionalized two-dimensional graphitic carbon nitride nanosheet: an excellent metal-/label-free biosensing platform. Small 2014; 10:2382-9. [PMID: 24596304 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201303827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 223] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2013] [Revised: 01/18/2014] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Ultrathin graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) nanosheets, due to their interesting two-dimensional graphene-like structure and unique physicochemical properties, have attracted great research attention recently. Here, a new approach is developed to prepare, for the first time, proton-functionalized ultrathin g-C3N4 nanosheets by sonication-exfoliation of bulk g-C3N4 under an acid condition. This method not only reduces the exfoliation time from more than 10 h to 2 h, but also endows the nanosheets with positive charges. Besides retaining the properties of g-C3N4, the obtained nanosheets with the thickness of 2-4 nm (i.e., 6-12 atomic monolayers) also exhibit large specific surface area of 305 m(2) g(-1), enhanced fluorescence intensity, and excellent water dispersion stability due to their surface protonation and ultrathin morphology. The well-dispersed protonated g-C3N4 nanosheets are able to interact with negatively charged heparin, which results in the quenching of g-C3N4 fluorescence. A highly sensitive and highly selective heparin sensing platform based on protonated g-C3N4 nanosheets is established. This metal-free and fluorophore label-free system can reach the lowest heparin detection limit of 18 ng mL(-1).
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian Yi Ma
- School of Chemical Engineering, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5005, Australia
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712
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Shields CW, Sun D, Johnson KA, Duval KA, Rodriguez AV, Gao L, Dayton PA, López GP. Nucleation and growth synthesis of siloxane gels to form functional, monodisperse, and acoustically programmable particles. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014; 53:8070-3. [PMID: 24853411 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201402471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2014] [Revised: 04/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Nucleation and growth methods offer scalable means of synthesizing colloidal particles with precisely specified size for applications in chemical research, industry, and medicine. These methods have been used to prepare a class of silicone gel particles that display a range of programmable properties and narrow size distributions. The acoustic contrast factor of these particles in water is estimated and can be tuned such that the particles undergo acoustophoresis to either the pressure nodes or antinodes of acoustic standing waves. These particles can be synthesized to display surface functional groups that can be covalently modified for a range of bioanalytical and acoustophoretic sorting applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Wyatt Shields
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC (USA); NSF Research Triangle Materials Research Science and Engineering Center (USA)
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713
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Abstract
Continued progress in cell-phone devices has made them powerful mobile computers, equipped with sophisticated, permanent physical sensors embedded as the default configuration. By contrast, the incorporation of permanent biosensors in cell-phone units has been prevented by the multivocal nature of the stimuli and the reactions involved in biosensing and chemical sensing. Biosensing with cell phones entails the complementation of biosensing devices with the physical sensors and communication and processing capabilities of modern cell phones. Biosensing, chemical-sensing, environmental-sensing, and diagnostic capabilities would thus be supported and run on the residual capacity of existing cell-phone infrastructure. The technologies necessary to materialize such a scenario have emerged in different fields and applications. This article addresses the progress on cell-phone biosensing, the specific compromises, and the blend of technologies required to craft biosensing on cell phones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pakorn Preechaburana
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science and Technology, Thammasat University, Pathumthani 12121, Thailand
| | - Anke Suska
- Optical Devices Laboratory, Department of Physics, Chemistry, and Biology (IFM), Linköping University, Linköping 58183, Sweden
| | - Daniel Filippini
- Optical Devices Laboratory, Department of Physics, Chemistry, and Biology (IFM), Linköping University, Linköping 58183, Sweden.
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714
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Wang Y, Kar A, Paterson A, Kourentzi K, Le H, Ruchhoeft P, Willson R, Bao J. Transmissive Nanohole Arrays for Massively-Parallel Optical Biosensing. ACS Photonics 2014; 1:241-245. [PMID: 25530982 PMCID: PMC4266487 DOI: 10.1021/ph400111u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2013] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
A high-throughput optical biosensing technique is proposed and demonstrated. This hybrid technique combines optical transmission of nanoholes with colorimetric silver staining. The size and spacing of the nanoholes are chosen so that individual nanoholes can be independently resolved in massive parallel using an ordinary transmission optical microscope, and, in place of determining a spectral shift, the brightness of each nanohole is recorded to greatly simplify the readout. Each nanohole then acts as an independent sensor, and the blocking of nanohole optical transmission by enzymatic silver staining defines the specific detection of a biological agent. Nearly 10000 nanoholes can be simultaneously monitored under the field of view of a typical microscope. As an initial proof of concept, biotinylated lysozyme (biotin-HEL) was used as a model analyte, giving a detection limit as low as 0.1 ng/mL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanan Wang
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering and Department of Chemical and Biomolecular
Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204, United States
| | - Archana Kar
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering and Department of Chemical and Biomolecular
Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204, United States
| | - Andrew Paterson
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering and Department of Chemical and Biomolecular
Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204, United States
| | - Katerina Kourentzi
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering and Department of Chemical and Biomolecular
Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204, United States
| | - Han Le
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering and Department of Chemical and Biomolecular
Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204, United States
| | - Paul Ruchhoeft
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering and Department of Chemical and Biomolecular
Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204, United States
| | - Richard Willson
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering and Department of Chemical and Biomolecular
Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204, United States
- Centro
de Biotecnología FEMSA, Departamento de Biotecnología
e Ingeniería de Alimentos, Tecnológico
de Monterrey, Monterrey, NL 64849, Mexico
| | - Jiming Bao
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering and Department of Chemical and Biomolecular
Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204, United States
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715
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Abstract
While chemical vapor deposition of diamond films is currently cost prohibitive for biosensor construction, in this paper, we show that sonication-assisted nanostructuring of biosensing electrodes with nanodiamonds (NDs) allows harnessing the hydrolytic stability of the diamond biofunctionalization chemistry for real-time continuous sensing, while improving the detector sensitivity and stability. We find that the higher surface coverages were important for improved bacterial capture and can be achieved through proper choice of solvent, ND concentration, and seeding time. A mixture of methanol and dimethyl sulfoxide provides the highest surface coverage (33.6 ± 3.4%) for the NDs with positive zeta-potential, compared to dilutions of dimethyl sulfoxide with acetone, ethanol, isopropyl alcohol, or water. Through impedance spectroscopy of ND-seeded interdigitated electrodes (IDEs), we found that the ND seeds serve as electrically conductive islands only a few nanometers apart. Also we show that the seeded NDs are amply hydrogenated to be decorated with antibodies using the UV-alkene chemistry, and higher bacterial captures can be obtained compared to our previously reported work with diamond films. When sensing bacteria from 10(6) cfu/mL E. coli O157:H7, the resistance to charge transfer at the IDEs decreased by ∼ 38.8%, which is nearly 1.5 times better than that reported previously using redox probes. Further in the case of 10(8) cfu/mL E. coli O157:H7, the charge transfer resistance changed by ∼ 46%, which is similar to the magnitude of improvement reported using magnetic nanoparticle-based sample enrichment prior to impedance detection. Thus ND seeding allows impedance biosensing in low conductivity solutions with competitive sensitivity.
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716
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Abstract
Electrospun nanofiber mats are characterized by large surface-area-to-volume ratios, high porosities, and a diverse range of chemical functionalities. Although electrospun nanofibers have been used successfully to increase the immobilization efficiency of biorecognition elements and improve the sensitivity of biosensors, the full potential of nanofiber-based biosensing has not yet been realized. Therefore, this review presents novel electrospun nanofiber chemistries developed in fields such as tissue engineering and drug delivery that have direct application within the field of biosensing. Specifically, this review focuses on fibers that directly encapsulate biological additives that serve as immobilization matrices for biological species and that are used to create biomimetic scaffolds. Biosensors that incorporate these nanofibers are presented, along with potential future biosensing applications such as the development of cell culture and in vivo sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren Matlock-Colangelo
- Department of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853; ,
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717
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Ortega Arroyo J, Andrecka J, Spillane KM, Billington N, Takagi Y, Sellers JR, Kukura P. Label-free, all-optical detection, imaging, and tracking of a single protein. Nano Lett 2014; 14:2065-70. [PMID: 24597479 PMCID: PMC4186656 DOI: 10.1021/nl500234t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2014] [Revised: 02/28/2014] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Optical detection of individual proteins requires fluorescent labeling. Cavity and plasmonic methodologies enhance single molecule signatures in the absence of any labels but have struggled to demonstrate routine and quantitative single protein detection. Here, we used interferometric scattering microscopy not only to detect but also to image and nanometrically track the motion of single myosin 5a heavy meromyosin molecules without the use of labels or any nanoscopic amplification. Together with the simple experimental arrangement, an intrinsic independence from strong electronic transition dipoles and a detection limit of <60 kDa, our approach paves the way toward nonresonant, label-free sensing and imaging of nanoscopic objects down to the single protein level.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. Ortega Arroyo
- Physical
and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QZ, United Kingdom
| | - J. Andrecka
- Physical
and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QZ, United Kingdom
| | - K. M. Spillane
- Physical
and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QZ, United Kingdom
| | - N. Billington
- Laboratory
of Molecular Physiology, National Heart,
Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Y. Takagi
- Laboratory
of Molecular Physiology, National Heart,
Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - J. R. Sellers
- Laboratory
of Molecular Physiology, National Heart,
Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - P. Kukura
- Physical
and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QZ, United Kingdom
- E-mail:
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718
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Abstract
When integrated into microfluidic chips, ion-selective nanoporous polymer and solid-state membranes can be used for on-chip pumping, pH actuation, analyte concentration, molecular separation, reactive mixing, and molecular sensing. They offer numerous functionalities and are hence superior to paper-based devices for point-of-care biochips, with only slightly more investment in fabrication and material costs required. In this review, we first discuss the fundamentals of several nonequilibrium ion current phenomena associated with ion-selective membranes, many of them revealed by studies with fabricated single nanochannels/nanopores. We then focus on how the plethora of phenomena has been applied for transport, separation, concentration, and detection of biomolecules on biochips.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zdenek Slouka
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556; , ,
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719
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Esfandyarpour R, Javanmard M, Koochak Z, Harris JS, Davis RW. Nanoelectronic impedance detection of target cells. Biotechnol Bioeng 2013; 111:1161-9. [PMID: 24338648 DOI: 10.1002/bit.25171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2013] [Revised: 12/02/2013] [Accepted: 12/05/2013] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Detection of cells is typically performed using optical fluorescence based techniques such as flow cytometry. Here we present the impedance detection of target cells using a nanoelectronic probe we have developed, which we refer to as the nanoneedle biosensor. The nanoneedle consists of a thin film conducting electrode layer at the bottom, an insulative oxide layer above, another conductive electrode layer above, and a protective oxide above. The electrical impedance is measured between the two electrode layers. Cells captured on the surface of the nanoneedle tip results in a decrease in the impedance across the sensing electrodes. The basic mechanisms behind the electrical response of cells in solution under an applied alternating electrical field stems from modulation of the relative permittivity at the interface. In this paper we discuss, the circuit model, the nanofabrication, and the testing and characterization of the sensor. We demonstrate proof of concept for detection of yeast cells with specificity. We envision the sensor presented in this paper to be combined with microfluidic pre-concentration technologies to develop low cost point-of-care diagnostic assays for the clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahim Esfandyarpour
- Center for Integrated Systems, Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California; Stanford Genome Technology Center, 855 California Ave., Palo Alto, California, 94304.
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720
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Liu L, Zhu L, Ni Z, Chen Y. Detecting a single molecule using a micropore-nanopore hybrid chip. Nanoscale Res Lett 2013; 8:498. [PMID: 24261484 PMCID: PMC4221642 DOI: 10.1186/1556-276x-8-498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2013] [Accepted: 11/05/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Nanopore-based DNA sequencing and biomolecule sensing have attracted more and more attention. In this work, novel sensing devices were built on the basis of the chips containing nanopore arrays in polycarbonate (PC) membranes and micropores in Si3N4 films. Using the integrated chips, the transmembrane ionic current induced by biomolecule's translocation was recorded and analyzed, which suggested that the detected current did not change linearly as commonly expected with increasing biomolecule concentration. On the other hand, detailed translocation information (such as translocation gesture) was also extracted from the discrete current blockages in basic current curves. These results indicated that the nanofluidic device based on the chips integrated by micropores and nanopores possessed comparative potentials in biomolecule sensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Design and Manufacture of Micro-Nano Biomedical Instruments, School of Mechanics, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, People's Republic of China
- Suzhou Key Laboratory for Design and Manufacture of Micro-Nano Biomedical Instruments, Suzhou Research Institute of Southeast University, Suzhou 215123, People's Republic of China
| | - Lizhong Zhu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Design and Manufacture of Micro-Nano Biomedical Instruments, School of Mechanics, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhonghua Ni
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Design and Manufacture of Micro-Nano Biomedical Instruments, School of Mechanics, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, People's Republic of China
| | - Yunfei Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Design and Manufacture of Micro-Nano Biomedical Instruments, School of Mechanics, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, People's Republic of China
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721
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Abstract
Bacteriophages are traditionally used for the development of phage display technology. Recently, their nanosized dimensions and ease with which genetic modifications can be made to their structure and function have put them in the spotlight towards their use in a variety of biosensors. In particular, the expression of any protein or peptide on the extraluminal surface of bacteriophages is possible by genetically engineering the genome. In addition, the relatively short replication time of bacteriophages offers researchers the ability to generate mass quantities of any given bacteriophage-based biosensor. Coupled with the emergence of various biomarkers in the clinic as a means to determine pathophysiological states, the development of current and novel technologies for their detection and quantification is imperative. In this review, we categorize bacteriophages by their morphology into M13-based filamentous bacteriophages and T4- or T7-based icosahedral bacteriophages, and examine how such advantages are utilized across a variety of biosensors. In essence, we take a comprehensive approach towards recent trends in bacteriophage-based biosensor applications and discuss their outlook with regards to the field of biotechnology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong-Wook Lee
- Center for Biomaterials, Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jangwon Song
- Center for Biomaterials, Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Science and Technology, Seoul, Korea
| | - Mintai P Hwang
- Center for Biomaterials, Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kwan Hyi Lee
- Center for Biomaterials, Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Science and Technology, Seoul, Korea
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722
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Chen J, Bremauntz A, Kisley L, Shuang B, Landes CF. Super-resolution mbPAINT for optical localization of single-stranded DNA. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2013; 5:9338-43. [PMID: 24073628 PMCID: PMC3934010 DOI: 10.1021/am403984k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate the application of superlocalization microscopy to identify sequence-specific portions of single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) with sequence resolution of 50 nucleotides, corresponding to a spatial resolution of 30 nm. Super-resolution imaging was achieved using a variation of a single-molecule localization method, termed as "motion blur" point accumulation for imaging in nanoscale topography (mbPAINT). The target ssDNA molecules were immobilized on the substrate. Short, dye-labeled, and complementary ssDNA molecules stochastically bound to the target ssDNA, with repeated binding events allowing super-resolution. Sequence specificity was demonstrated via the use of a control, noncomplementary probe. The results support the possibility of employing relatively inexpensive short ssDNAs to identify gene sequence specificity with improved resolution in comparison to the existing methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jixin Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, Houston, TX, 77251-1892, USA
| | - Alberto Bremauntz
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, Houston, TX, 77251-1892, USA
| | - Lydia Kisley
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, Houston, TX, 77251-1892, USA
| | - Bo Shuang
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, Houston, TX, 77251-1892, USA
| | - Christy F. Landes
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, Houston, TX, 77251-1892, USA
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, 77251-1892, USA
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723
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Wang Y, Wang T, Da P, Xu M, Wu H, Zheng G. Silicon nanowires for biosensing, energy storage, and conversion. Adv Mater 2013; 25:5177-95. [PMID: 23828226 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201301943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2013] [Revised: 05/29/2013] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Semiconducting silicon nanowires (SiNWs) represent one of the most interesting research directions in nanoscience and nanotechnology, with capabilities of realizing structural and functional complexity through rational design and synthesis. The exquisite control of chemical composition, structure, morphology, doping, and assembly of SiNWs, in both individual and array format, as well as incorporation with other materials, offers a nanoscale building block with unique electronic, optoelectronic, and catalytic properties, thus allowing for a variety of exciting opportunities in the fields of life sciences and renewable energy. This review provides a brief summary of SiNW research in the past decade, from the SiNW synthesis by both the top-down approaches and the bottom-up approaches, to several important biological and energy applications including biomolecule sensing, interfacing with cells and tissues, lithium-ion batteries, solar cells, and photoelectrochemical conversion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanli Wang
- Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
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724
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Abstract
Water-soluble semiconducting nanoparticles are prepared from individually collapsed and crosslinked ABA triblock copolymers and are further modified to carry imaging units and allyl functionalities for postmodification. Ethylene oxide modified polyfluorene forms the center block (B) and is transformed into a telechelic macroinitator. In a nitroxide mediated living free radical polymerization, polyacrylate blocks (A) are grown to give the ABA triblock copolymer. Low-temperature benzocyclobutene crosslinking groups are attached to collapse and site-isolate the center block (A). The nanoparticles were further modified by pegylation to enhance the solubility and by catechol groups to provide complexing sites for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) reagents such as gadolinium. The reported materials are water-soluble and encompassing fluorescence and MRI to become biocompatible "organic quantum dots" with the possibility to interact actively with biological entities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chinessa T. Adkins
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, 7619 Stevenson Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Julia N. Dobish
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, 7619 Stevenson Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Scott Brown
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, 7619 Stevenson Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Eva Harth
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, 7619 Stevenson Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
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725
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Yang J, Palla M, Bosco FG, Rindzevicius T, Alstrøm TS, Schmidt MS, Boisen A, Ju J, Lin Q. Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy based quantitative bioassay on aptamer-functionalized nanopillars using large-area Raman mapping. ACS Nano 2013; 7:5350-9. [PMID: 23713574 PMCID: PMC3915935 DOI: 10.1021/nn401199k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) has been used in a variety of biological applications due to its high sensitivity and specificity. Here, we report a SERS-based biosensing approach for quantitative detection of biomolecules. A SERS substrate bearing gold-decorated silicon nanopillars is functionalized with aptamers for sensitive and specific detection of target molecules. In this study, TAMRA-labeled vasopressin molecules in the picomolar regime (1 pM to 1 nM) are specifically captured by aptamers on the nanostructured SERS substrate and monitored by using an automated SERS signal mapping technique. From the experimental results, we show concentration-dependent SERS responses in the picomolar range by integrating SERS signal intensities over a scanning area. It is also noted that our signal mapping approach significantly improves statistical reproducibility and accounts for spot-to-spot variation in conventional SERS quantification. Furthermore, we have developed an analytical model capable of predicting experimental intensity distributions on the substrates for reliable quantification of biomolecules. Lastly, we have calculated the minimum needed area of Raman mapping for efficient and reliable analysis of each measurement. Combining our SERS mapping analysis with an aptamer-functionalized nanopillar substrate is found to be extremely efficient for detection of low-abundance biomolecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaeyoung Yang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Mirko Palla
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Filippo Giacomo Bosco
- Department of Micro & Nanotechnology, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby 2800, Denmark
| | - Tomas Rindzevicius
- Department of Micro & Nanotechnology, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby 2800, Denmark
| | - Tommy Sonne Alstrøm
- Department of Applied Mathematics and Computer Science, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby 2800, Denmark
| | | | - Anja Boisen
- Department of Micro & Nanotechnology, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby 2800, Denmark
| | - Jingyue Ju
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Qiao Lin
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
- Address correspondence to:
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726
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Uchida S, Zettsu N, Endo K, Yamamura K. Fundamental research on the label-free detection of protein adsorption using near-infrared light-responsive plasmonic metal nanoshell arrays with controlled nanogap. Nanoscale Res Lett 2013; 8:274. [PMID: 23758903 PMCID: PMC3848557 DOI: 10.1186/1556-276x-8-274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2013] [Accepted: 05/15/2013] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
In this work, we focused on the label-free detection of simple protein binding using near-infrared light-responsive plasmonic nanoshell arrays with a controlled interparticle distance. The nanoshell arrays were fabricated by a combination of colloidal self-assembly and subsequent isotropic helium plasma etching under atmospheric pressure. The diameter, interparticle distance, and shape of nanoshells can be tuned with nanometric accuracy by changing the experimental conditions. The Au, Ag, and Cu nanoshell arrays, having a 240-nm diameter (inner, 200-nm polystyrene (PS) core; outer, 20-nm metal shell) and an 80-nm gap distance, exhibited a well-defined localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) peak at the near-infrared region. PS@Au nanoshell arrays showed a 55-nm red shift of the maximum LSPR wavelength of 885 nm after being exposed to a solution of bovine serum albumin (BSA) proteins for 18 h. On the other hand, in the case of Cu nanoshell arrays before/after incubation to the BSA solution, we found a 30-nm peak shifting. We could evaluate the difference in LSPR sensing performance by changing the metal materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuhei Uchida
- Research Center for Ultra-Precision Science and Technology, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Zettsu
- Green Mobility Collaborative Research Center, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8603, Japan
| | - Katsuyoshi Endo
- Research Center for Ultra-Precision Science and Technology, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Kazuya Yamamura
- Research Center for Ultra-Precision Science and Technology, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
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727
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Liu L, Wang B, Sha J, Yang Y, Hou Y, Ni Z, Chen Y. Voltage-driven translocation behaviors of IgG molecule through nanopore arrays. Nanoscale Res Lett 2013; 8:229. [PMID: 23676116 PMCID: PMC3664219 DOI: 10.1186/1556-276x-8-229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2012] [Accepted: 01/12/2013] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Nanopore-based biosensing has attracted more and more interests in the past years, which is also regarded as an emerging field with major impact on bio-analysis and fundamental understanding of nanoscale interactions down to single-molecule level. In this work, the voltage-driven translocation properties of goat antibody to human immunoglobulin G (IgG) are investigated using nanopore arrays in polycarbonate membranes. Obviously, the background ionic currents are modulated by IgG molecules for their physical place-holding effect. However, the detected ionic currents do 'not' continuously decrease as conceived; the currents first decrease, then increase, and finally stabilize with increasing IgG concentration. To understand this phenomenon, a simplified model is suggested, and the calculated results contribute to the understanding of the abnormal phenomenon in the actual ionic current changing tendency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Design and Manufacture of Micro-Nano Biomedical Instruments, School of Mechanics, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, People's Republic of China
| | - Bing Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Design and Manufacture of Micro-Nano Biomedical Instruments, School of Mechanics, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingjie Sha
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Design and Manufacture of Micro-Nano Biomedical Instruments, School of Mechanics, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, People's Republic of China
| | - Yue Yang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Design and Manufacture of Micro-Nano Biomedical Instruments, School of Mechanics, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, People's Republic of China
| | - Yaozong Hou
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Design and Manufacture of Micro-Nano Biomedical Instruments, School of Mechanics, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhonghua Ni
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Design and Manufacture of Micro-Nano Biomedical Instruments, School of Mechanics, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, People's Republic of China
| | - Yunfei Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Design and Manufacture of Micro-Nano Biomedical Instruments, School of Mechanics, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, People's Republic of China
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728
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Cho H, Alcantara D, Yuan H, Sheth RA, Chen HH, Huang P, Andersson SB, Sosnovik DE, Mahmood U, Josephson L. Fluorochrome-functionalized nanoparticles for imaging DNA in biological systems. ACS Nano 2013; 7:2032-41. [PMID: 23373524 PMCID: PMC3800685 DOI: 10.1021/nn305962n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Attaching DNA binding fluorochromes to nanoparticles (NPs) provides a way of obtaining NPs that bind to DNA through fluorochrome mediated interactions. To obtain a nanoparticle (NP) that bound to the DNA in biological systems, we attached the DNA binding fluorochrome, TO-PRO 1 (TO), to the surface of the Feraheme (FH) NP, to obtain a fluorochrome-functionalized NP denoted TO-FH. When reacted with DNA in vitro, TO-FH formed microaggregates that were characterized by fluorescence, light scattering, and T2 changes. The formation of DNA/TO-FH microaggregates was also characterized by AFM, with microaggregates exhibiting a median size of 200 nm, and consisting of DNA and multiple TO-FH NPs whose individual diameters were only 25-35 nm. TO-FH failed to bind normal cells in culture, but treatment with chemotherapeutic agents or detergents yielded necrotic cells that bound TO-FH and vital fluorochromes similarly. The uptake of TO-FH by HT-29 xenografts (treated with 5-FU and oxaliplatin) was evident by surface fluorescence and MRI. Attaching multiple DNA binding fluorochromes to magnetic nanoparticles provides a way of generating DNA binding NPs that can be used to detect DNA detection by microaggregate formation in vitro, for imaging the DNA of necrotic cells in culture, and for imaging the DNA of a tumor treated with a chemotherapeutic agent. Fluorochrome functionalized NPs are a multimodal (magnetic and fluorescent), highly multivalent (n ≈ 10 fluorochromes/NP) nanomaterials useful for imaging the DNA of biological systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hoonsung Cho
- Center for Translational Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, Massachusetts 02129, United States
| | - David Alcantara
- Instituto de Nanociencia de Aragon, Universidad de Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Hushan Yuan
- Center for Translational Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, Massachusetts 02129, United States
| | - Rahul A. Sheth
- Division of Nuclear Medicine & Molecular Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, Massachusetts 02129, United States
| | - Howard H. Chen
- Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, Massachusetts 02129, United States
| | - Peng Huang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Boston University, Massachusetts 02215, United States
| | - Sean B. Andersson
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Boston University, Massachusetts 02215, United States
- Division of Systems Engineering, Boston University, Massachusetts 02215, United States
| | - David E. Sosnovik
- Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, Massachusetts 02129, United States
| | - Umar Mahmood
- Center for Translational Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, Massachusetts 02129, United States
- Division of Nuclear Medicine & Molecular Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, Massachusetts 02129, United States
| | - Lee Josephson
- Center for Translational Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, Massachusetts 02129, United States
- Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, Massachusetts 02129, United States
- Address correspondence to
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729
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Wilhelm S, Hirsch T, Patterson WM, Scheucher E, Mayr T, Wolfbeis OS. Multicolor upconversion nanoparticles for protein conjugation. Am J Cancer Res 2013; 3:239-48. [PMID: 23606910 PMCID: PMC3630524 DOI: 10.7150/thno.5113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2012] [Accepted: 09/23/2012] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
We describe the preparation of monodisperse, lanthanide-doped hexagonal-phase NaYF4 upconverting luminescent nanoparticles for protein conjugation. Their core was coated with a silica shell which then was modified with a poly(ethylene glycol) spacer and N-hydroxysuccinimide ester groups. The nanoparticles were characterized by transmission electron microscopy, Raman spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, and dynamic light scattering. The N-hydroxysuccinimide ester functionalization renders them highly reactive towards amine nucleophiles (e.g., proteins). We show that such particles can be conjugated to proteins. The protein-reactive UCLNPs and their conjugates to streptavidin and bovine serum albumin display multicolor emissions upon 980-nm continuous wave laser excitation. Surface plasmon resonance studies were carried out to prove bioconjugation and to compare the affinity of the particles for proteins immobilized on a thin gold film.
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730
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Hussain M, Wackerlig J, Lieberzeit PA. Biomimetic strategies for sensing biological species. Biosensors (Basel) 2013; 3:89-107. [PMID: 25587400 PMCID: PMC4263596 DOI: 10.3390/bios3010089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2012] [Revised: 01/24/2013] [Accepted: 02/01/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The starting point of modern biosensing was the application of actual biological species for recognition. Increasing understanding of the principles underlying such recognition (and biofunctionality in general), however, has triggered a dynamic field in chemistry and materials sciences that aims at joining the best of two worlds by combining concepts derived from nature with the processability of manmade materials, e.g., sensitivity and ruggedness. This review covers different biomimetic strategies leading to highly selective (bio)chemical sensors: the first section covers molecularly imprinted polymers (MIP) that attempt to generate a fully artificial, macromolecular mold of a species in order to detect it selectively. A different strategy comprises of devising polymer coatings to change the biocompatibility of surfaces that can also be used to immobilized natural receptors/ligands and thus stabilize them. Rationally speaking, this leads to self-assembled monolayers closely resembling cell membranes, sometimes also including bioreceptors. Finally, this review will highlight some approaches to generate artificial analogs of natural recognition materials and biomimetic approaches in nanotechnology. It mainly focuses on the literature published since 2005.
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Affiliation(s)
- Munawar Hussain
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Vienna, Waehringer Strasse 38, A-1090, Vienna, Austria; E-Mails: (M.H.); (J.W.)
| | - Judith Wackerlig
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Vienna, Waehringer Strasse 38, A-1090, Vienna, Austria; E-Mails: (M.H.); (J.W.)
| | - Peter A Lieberzeit
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Vienna, Waehringer Strasse 38, A-1090, Vienna, Austria; E-Mails: (M.H.); (J.W.)
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731
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Chen NT, Cheng SH, Liu CP, Souris JS, Chen CT, Mou CY, Lo LW. Recent advances in nanoparticle-based Förster resonance energy transfer for biosensing, molecular imaging and drug release profiling. Int J Mol Sci 2012; 13:16598-623. [PMID: 23443121 PMCID: PMC3546710 DOI: 10.3390/ijms131216598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2012] [Revised: 11/15/2012] [Accepted: 11/16/2012] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) may be regarded as a "smart" technology in the design of fluorescence probes for biological sensing and imaging. Recently, a variety of nanoparticles that include quantum dots, gold nanoparticles, polymer, mesoporous silica nanoparticles and upconversion nanoparticles have been employed to modulate FRET. Researchers have developed a number of "visible" and "activatable" FRET probes sensitive to specific changes in the biological environment that are especially attractive from the biomedical point of view. This article reviews recent progress in bringing these nanoparticle-modulated energy transfer schemes to fruition for applications in biosensing, molecular imaging and drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nai-Tzu Chen
- Division of Medical Engineering Research, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan 35053, Miaoli County, Taiwan; E-Mails: (N.-T.C.); (S.-H.C.); (C.-P.L.)
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan; E-Mail:
| | - Shih-Hsun Cheng
- Division of Medical Engineering Research, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan 35053, Miaoli County, Taiwan; E-Mails: (N.-T.C.); (S.-H.C.); (C.-P.L.)
- Department of Radiology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; E-Mails: (J.S.S.); (C.-T.C.)
| | - Ching-Ping Liu
- Division of Medical Engineering Research, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan 35053, Miaoli County, Taiwan; E-Mails: (N.-T.C.); (S.-H.C.); (C.-P.L.)
| | - Jeffrey S. Souris
- Department of Radiology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; E-Mails: (J.S.S.); (C.-T.C.)
| | - Chen-Tu Chen
- Department of Radiology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; E-Mails: (J.S.S.); (C.-T.C.)
| | - Chung-Yuan Mou
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan; E-Mail:
| | - Leu-Wei Lo
- Division of Medical Engineering Research, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan 35053, Miaoli County, Taiwan; E-Mails: (N.-T.C.); (S.-H.C.); (C.-P.L.)
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732
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Abstract
Liquid crystal (LC)-based biological sensors permit the study of aqueous biological samples without the need for the labeling of biological species with fluorescent dyes (which can be laborious and change the properties of the biological sample under study). To date, studies of LC-based biosensors have explored only a narrow range of the liquid crystal/alignment layer combinations essential to their operation. Here, we report a study of the role of LC elastic constants and the surface anchoring energy in determining the sensitivity of LC-based biosensors. By investigating a mixture of rod-shape and bent-shape mesogens, and three different alignment layers, we were able to widen the useful detection range of a LC-based sensor by providing an almost-linear mapping of effective birefringence with anionic surfactant concentrations between 0.05 mM and 1 mM (model target analyte). These studies pave the way for optimization of LC-based biosensors and reveal the importance of the choice of both the LC material and the alignment layer in determining sensor properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wilder Iglesias
- Liquid Crystal Institute, Kent State University, Kent, OH, 44242, USA
| | - Nicholas L. Abbott
- Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | | | - Antal Jákli
- Liquid Crystal Institute, Kent State University, Kent, OH, 44242, USA
- Institute for Solid State Physics and Optics, Wigner Research Centre for Physics, Hungarian Academy of Sciences H-1525 Budapest, P.O. Box. 49, Hungary
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733
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Abstract
Optical microcavities that confine light in high-Q resonance promise all of the capabilities required for a successful next-generation microsystem biodetection technology. Label-free detection down to single molecules as well as operation in aqueous environments can be integrated cost-effectively on microchips, together with other photonic components, as well as electronic ones. We provide a comprehensive review of the sensing mechanisms utilized in this emerging field, their physics, engineering and material science aspects, and their application to nanoparticle analysis and biomolecular detection. We survey the most recent developments such as the use of mode splitting for self-referenced measurements, plasmonic nanoantennas for signal enhancements, the use of optical force for nanoparticle manipulation as well as the design of active devices for ultra-sensitive detection. Furthermore, we provide an outlook on the exciting capabilities of functionalized high-Q microcavities in the life sciences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank Vollmer
- Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light, Laboratory of Nanophotonics and Biosensing, G. Scharowsky Str. 1, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Lan Yang
- Electrical and Systems Engineering Department, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
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734
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Roberts JR, Park J, Helton K, Wisniewski N, McShane MJ. Biofouling of polymer hydrogel materials and its effect on diffusion and enzyme-based luminescent glucose sensor functional characteristics. J Diabetes Sci Technol 2012; 6:1267-75. [PMID: 23294771 PMCID: PMC3570866 DOI: 10.1177/193229681200600605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Continuous glucose monitoring is crucial to developing a successful artificial pancreas. However, biofouling and host response make in vivo sensor performance difficult to predict. We investigated changes in glucose diffusivity and sensor response of optical enzymatic glucose sensors due to biological exposure. METHOD Three hydrogel materials, poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) (pHEMA), poly(acrylamide) (pAM), and poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate)-co-poly(acrylamide) (p(HEMA-co-AM)), were tested for glucose diffusivity before and after exposure to serum or implantation in rats for 1 month. Luminescent sensors based on these materials were measured to compare the response to glucose before and after serum exposure. RESULTS Glucose diffusivity through the pHEMA [(8.1 ± 0.38) × 10(-8) cm(2)/s] slabs was much lower than diffusivity through pAM [(2.7 ± 0.15) × 10(-6) cm(2)/s] and p(HEMA-co-AM) [(2.5 ± 0.08) × 10(-6)]. As expected from these differences, sensor response was highly dependent on material type. The pHEMA sensors had a maximum sensitivity of 2.5%/(mg/dl) and an analytical range of 4.2-356 mg/dl, while the p(HEMA-co-AM) sensors had a higher sensitivity [14.9%/(mg/dl)] and a narrower analytical range (17.6-70.5 mg/dl). After serum exposure, the pHEMA sensors were unaffected, whereas the p(HEMA-co-AM) sensors exhibited significantly decreased sensitivity and increased analytical range. CONCLUSIONS Decreases in glucose diffusivity in the polymers resulting from in vitro serum exposure and residence in vivo were shown to be similar, suggesting that serum incubation was a reasonable approximation of in vivo fouling. While biofouling is expected to affect the response of flux-based sensors, we have shown that this depended on the type of sensor and matrix used. Therefore, proper design and materials selection may minimize response alterations occurring upon implantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason R. Roberts
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
| | - Jaebum Park
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, Texas A&M UniversityCollege Station, Texas
| | - Kristen Helton
- PROFUSA, Inc., San Francisco, California
- University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Natalie Wisniewski
- PROFUSA, Inc., San Francisco, California
- Medical Device Consultancy, San Francisco, California
| | - Michael J. McShane
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, Texas A&M UniversityCollege Station, Texas
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735
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Abstract
This theme issue provides an excellent collection of reviews and original research articles on the study of various bioconjugated quantum dot formulations for diagnostics and therapy applications using biophotonic imaging and sensing approaches.
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736
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Abstract
Graphene exhibits unique 2-D structure and exceptional phyiscal and chemical properties that lead to many potential applications. Among various applications, biomedical applications of graphene have attracted ever-increasing interests over the last three years. In this review, we present an overview of current advances in applications of graphene in biomedicine with focus on drug delivery, cancer therapy and biological imaging, together with a brief discussion on the challenges and perspectives for future research in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- He Shen
- 1. Division of Nanobiomedicine, Suzhou Institute of Nano-tech and Nano-bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 398 Ruoshui Road, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Liming Zhang
- 1. Division of Nanobiomedicine, Suzhou Institute of Nano-tech and Nano-bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 398 Ruoshui Road, Suzhou, 215123, China
- 2. Hunan Key Laboratory of Green Packaging and Application of Biological Nanotechnology, Hunan University of Technology, Zhuzhou 412008, China
| | - Min Liu
- 1. Division of Nanobiomedicine, Suzhou Institute of Nano-tech and Nano-bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 398 Ruoshui Road, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Zhijun Zhang
- 1. Division of Nanobiomedicine, Suzhou Institute of Nano-tech and Nano-bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 398 Ruoshui Road, Suzhou, 215123, China
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737
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Chen J, Zhao JX. Upconversion nanomaterials: synthesis, mechanism, and applications in sensing. Sensors (Basel) 2012; 12:2414-35. [PMID: 22736958 DOI: 10.3390/s120302414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2012] [Revised: 02/13/2012] [Accepted: 02/21/2012] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Upconversion is an optical process that involves the conversion of lower-energy photons into higher-energy photons. It has been extensively studied since mid-1960s and widely applied in optical devices. Over the past decade, high-quality rare earth-doped upconversion nanoparticles have been successfully synthesized with the rapid development of nanotechnology and are becoming more prominent in biological sciences. The synthesis methods are usually phase-based processes, such as thermal decomposition, hydrothermal reaction, and ionic liquids-based synthesis. The main difference between upconversion nanoparticles and other nanomaterials is that they can emit visible light under near infrared irradiation. The near infrared irradiation leads to low autofluorescence, less scattering and absorption, and deep penetration in biological samples. In this review, the synthesis of upconversion nanoparticles and the mechanisms of upconversion process will be discussed, followed by their applications in different areas, especially in the biological field for biosensing.
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738
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Drbohlavova J, Vorozhtsova M, Hrdy R, Kizek R, Salyk O, Hubalek J. Self-ordered TiO2 quantum dot array prepared via anodic oxidation. Nanoscale Res Lett 2012; 7:123. [PMID: 22333295 PMCID: PMC3305443 DOI: 10.1186/1556-276x-7-123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2010] [Accepted: 02/14/2012] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The template-based methods belong to low-cost and rapid preparation techniques for various nanostructures like nanowires, nanotubes, and nanodots or even quantum dots [QDs]. The nanostructured surfaces with QDs are very promising in the application as a sensor array, also called 'fluorescence array detector.' In particular, this new sensing approach is suitable for the detection of various biomolecules (DNA, proteins) in vitro (in clinical diagnostics) as well as for in vivo imaging.The paper deals with the fabrication of TiO2 planar nanostructures (QDs) by the process of titanium anodic oxidation through an alumina nanoporous template on a silicon substrate. Scanning electron microscopy observation showed that the average diameter of TiO2 QDs is less than 10 nm. Raman spectroscopic characterization of self-organized titania QDs confirmed the presence of an anatase phase after annealing at 400°C in vacuum. Such heat-treated TiO2 QDs revealed a broad emission peak in the visible range (characterized by fluorescence spectroscopy).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Drbohlavova
- Department of Microelectronics, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Communication, Brno University of Technology, Technická 10, Brno 61600, Czech Republic
- Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Technická 10, 61600 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Marina Vorozhtsova
- Department of Microelectronics, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Communication, Brno University of Technology, Technická 10, Brno 61600, Czech Republic
| | - Radim Hrdy
- Department of Microelectronics, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Communication, Brno University of Technology, Technická 10, Brno 61600, Czech Republic
- Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Technická 10, 61600 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Rene Kizek
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Agronomy, Mendel University in Brno, Zemědělská 1, Brno 61300, Czech Republic
- Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Technická 10, 61600 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Ota Salyk
- Institute of Physical and Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Brno University of Technology, Brno 61200, Czech Republic
| | - Jaromir Hubalek
- Department of Microelectronics, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Communication, Brno University of Technology, Technická 10, Brno 61600, Czech Republic
- Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Technická 10, 61600 Brno, Czech Republic
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739
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Mitra A, Ignatovich F, Novotny L. Real-time optical detection of single human and bacterial viruses based on dark-field interferometry. Biosens Bioelectron 2012; 31:499-504. [PMID: 22169818 PMCID: PMC3256558 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2011.11.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2011] [Revised: 11/11/2011] [Accepted: 11/14/2011] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The rapid and sensitive detection and characterization of human viruses and bacteriophage is extremely important in a variety of fields, such as medical diagnostics, immunology and vaccine research, and environmental contamination and quality control. We introduce an optical detection scheme for real-time and label-free detection of human viruses and bacteriophage as small as ~24 nm in radius. Combining the advantages of heterodyne interferometry and dark-field microscopy, this label-free method enables us to detect and characterize various biological nanoparticles with unsurpassed sensitivity and selectivity. We demonstrate the high sensitivity and precision of the method by analyzing a mixture containing HIV virus and bacteriophage. The method also resolves the distribution of small nano-impurities (~20-30 nm) in clinically relevant virus samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anirban Mitra
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Rochester, Rochester NY 14627, USA
| | - Filipp Ignatovich
- Institute of Optics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, USA
| | - Lukas Novotny
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Rochester, Rochester NY 14627, USA
- Institute of Optics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, USA
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740
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Orabona E, Rea I, Rendina I, De Stefano L. Numerical optimization of a microfluidic assisted microarray for the detection of biochemical interactions. Sensors (Basel) 2011; 11:9658-66. [PMID: 22163718 DOI: 10.3390/s111009658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2011] [Revised: 10/07/2011] [Accepted: 10/09/2011] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Finite element method analysis was applied to the characterization of the biomolecular interactions taking place in a microfluidic assisted microarray. Numerical simulations have been used for the optimization of geometrical and physical parameters of the sensing device. Different configurations have been analyzed and general considerations have been derived. We have shown that a parallel disposition of the sensing area allows the homogeneous formation of the target molecular complex in all the active zones of the microarray. Stationary and time dependent results have also been obtained.
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741
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Kong RM, Zhang XB, Chen Z, Tan W. Aptamer-assembled nanomaterials for biosensing and biomedical applications. Small 2011; 7:2428-2436. [PMID: 21726041 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201100250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2011] [Revised: 03/21/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Aptamers represent a class of single-stranded DNA or RNA oligonucleotides that play important roles in biosensing and biomedical applications. However, aptamers can gain more flexibility as molecular recognition tools by taking advantage of the unique chemical and physical properties provided by nanomaterials. Such aptamer-nanomaterial conjugates are having an increasing impact in the fields of biosensing, bioimaging, and therapy. The recent advances and limitations of aptamer-assembled nanomaterials in biosensing and biomedical applications are briefly introduced and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong-Mei Kong
- State Key Laboratory for Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, 410082 Changsha, P.R. China
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742
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Abstract
The evolution from first-generation through third-generation glucose sensors has witnessed the appearance of a number of very diverse oxidoreductases, which vary tremendously in terms of origin, structure, substrate specificity, cofactor used as primary electron acceptor, and acceptable final electron acceptor. This article summarizes our present knowledge of redox enzymes currently utilized in commercially available glucose monitoring systems to promote a fuller appreciation of enzymatic properties and principles employed in blood glucose monitoring to help avoid potential errors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Ferri
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and TechnologyKoganei, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Koji Sode
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and TechnologyKoganei, Tokyo, Japan
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743
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Im H, Lee SH, Wittenberg NJ, Johnson TW, Lindquist NC, Nagpal P, Norris DJ, Oh SH. Template-stripped smooth Ag nanohole arrays with silica shells for surface plasmon resonance biosensing. ACS Nano 2011; 5:6244-53. [PMID: 21770414 PMCID: PMC3160512 DOI: 10.1021/nn202013v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Inexpensive, reproducible, and high-throughput fabrication of nanometric apertures in metallic films can benefit many applications in plasmonics, sensing, spectroscopy, lithography, and imaging. Here we use template-stripping to pattern periodic nanohole arrays in optically thick, smooth Ag films with a silicon template made via nanoimprint lithography. Ag is a low-cost material with good optical properties, but it suffers from poor chemical stability and biocompatibility. However, a thin silica shell encapsulating our template-stripped Ag nanoholes facilitates biosensing applications by protecting the Ag from oxidation as well as providing a robust surface that can be readily modified with a variety of biomolecules using well-established silane chemistry. The thickness of the conformal silica shell can be precisely tuned by atomic layer deposition, and a 15 nm thick silica shell can effectively prevent fluorophore quenching. The Ag nanohole arrays with silica shells can also be bonded to polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) microfluidic channels for fluorescence imaging, formation of supported lipid bilayers, and real-time, label-free SPR sensing. Additionally, the smooth surfaces of the template-stripped Ag films enhance refractive index sensitivity compared with as-deposited, rough Ag films. Because nearly centimeter-sized nanohole arrays can be produced inexpensively without using any additional lithography, etching, or lift-off, this method can facilitate widespread applications of metallic nanohole arrays for plasmonics and biosensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyungsoon Im
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN 55455, U.S.A
| | - Si Hoon Lee
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN 55455, U.S.A
| | - Nathan J. Wittenberg
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN 55455, U.S.A
| | - Timothy W. Johnson
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN 55455, U.S.A
| | - Nathan C. Lindquist
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN 55455, U.S.A
| | | | - David J. Norris
- Optical Materials Engineering Laboratory, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Sang-Hyun Oh
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN 55455, U.S.A
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN 55455, U.S.A
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744
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Wang S, Ota S, Guo B, Ryu J, Rhodes C, Xiong Y, Kalim S, Zeng L, Chen Y, Teitell MA, Zhang X. Subcellular resolution mapping of endogenous cytokine secretion by nano-plasmonic-resonator sensor array. Nano Lett 2011; 11:3431-4. [PMID: 21780816 PMCID: PMC3163910 DOI: 10.1021/nl2018838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Local extracellular signaling is central for cellular interactions and organizations. We report a novel sensing technique to interrogate extracellular signaling at the subcellular level. We developed an in situ immunoassay based on giant optical enhancement of a tunable nano-plasmonic-resonator array fabricated by nanoimprint lithography. Our nanoplasmonic device significantly increases the signal-to-noise ratio to enable the first time submicrometer resolution quantitative mapping of endogenous cytokine secretion. Our study shows a markedly high local interleukin-2 (IL-2) concentration within the immediate vicinity of the cell which finally validates a decades-old hypothesis on autocrine physiological concentration and spatial range. This general sensing technique can be applied for a broad range of cellular communication studies to improve our understanding of subcellular signaling and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Wang
- NSF Nanoscale Science and Engineering Center (NSEC), 3112 Etcheverry Hall, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720
| | - Sadao Ota
- NSF Nanoscale Science and Engineering Center (NSEC), 3112 Etcheverry Hall, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720
| | - Bin Guo
- NSF Nanoscale Science and Engineering Center (NSEC), 3112 Etcheverry Hall, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720
| | - Jongeun Ryu
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095
| | - Christopher Rhodes
- NSF Nanoscale Science and Engineering Center (NSEC), 3112 Etcheverry Hall, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720
| | - Yi Xiong
- NSF Nanoscale Science and Engineering Center (NSEC), 3112 Etcheverry Hall, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720
| | - Sheraz Kalim
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095
| | - Li Zeng
- NSF Nanoscale Science and Engineering Center (NSEC), 3112 Etcheverry Hall, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720
| | - Yong Chen
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095
| | - Michael A. Teitell
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095
| | - Xiang Zhang
- NSF Nanoscale Science and Engineering Center (NSEC), 3112 Etcheverry Hall, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, CA 94720
- Corresponding authors,
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745
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Petty JT, Sengupta B, Story SP, Degtyareva NN. DNA sensing by amplifying the number of near-infrared emitting, oligonucleotide-encapsulated silver clusters. Anal Chem 2011; 83:5957-64. [PMID: 21702495 PMCID: PMC4201625 DOI: 10.1021/ac201321m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
A bifunctional oligonucleotide integrates in situ synthesis of a fluorogenic silver cluster with recognition of a target DNA sequence. With the template C(3)AC(3)AC(3)GC(3)A, a complex forms with 10 silver atoms that possesses electronic transitions in the near-infrared and that is detected at nanomolar concentrations using diode laser excitation. Pendant to this cluster encoding region, the recognition component binds a target DNA strand through hybridization, and decoupling of these two regions of the composite sensor renders a modular sensor for specific oligonucleotides. A target is detected using a quencher strand that bridges the cluster template and recognition components and disturbs cluster binding, as indicated by static quenching. Competitive displacement of the quencher by the target strand restores the favored cluster environment, and our key finding is that this exchange enhances emission through a proportional increase in the number of emissive clusters. DNA detection is also accomplished in serum-containing buffers by taking advantage of the high brightness of this fluorophore and the inherently low endogenous background in the near-infrared spectral region. Cluster stability in this biological environment is enhanced by supplementing the solutions with Ag(+).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey T Petty
- Department of Chemistry, Furman University, Greenville, South Carolina 29613, United States.
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746
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Abstract
This paper presents a novel application of magnetic particles for biosensing, called label-acquired magnetorotation (LAM). This method is based on a combination of the traditional sandwich assay format with the asynchronous magnetic bead rotation (AMBR) method. In label-acquired magnetorotation, an analyte facilitates the binding of a magnetic label bead to a nonmagnetic solid phase sphere, forming a sandwich complex. The sandwich complex is then placed in a rotating magnetic field, where the rotational frequency of the sandwich complex is a function of the amount of analyte attached to the surface of the sphere. Here, we use streptavidin-coated beads and biotin-coated particles as analyte mimics, to be replaced by proteins and other biological targets in future work. We show this sensing method to have a dynamic range of two orders of magnitude.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariel Hecht
- The University of Michigan, Department of Biomedical Engineering, 2200 Bonisteel, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2099, United States
- The University of Michigan, Department of Chemistry, 930 North University, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1055, United States
| | - Paivo Kinnunen
- The University of Michigan, Department of Chemistry, 930 North University, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1055, United States
- The University of Michigan, Applied Physics Program, 2477 Randall Laboratory, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1120, United States
| | - Brandon McNaughton
- The University of Michigan, Department of Biomedical Engineering, 2200 Bonisteel, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2099, United States
- The University of Michigan, Department of Chemistry, 930 North University, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1055, United States
- The University of Michigan, Applied Physics Program, 2477 Randall Laboratory, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1120, United States
| | - Raoul Kopelman
- The University of Michigan, Department of Biomedical Engineering, 2200 Bonisteel, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2099, United States
- The University of Michigan, Department of Chemistry, 930 North University, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1055, United States
- The University of Michigan, Applied Physics Program, 2477 Randall Laboratory, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1120, United States
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747
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Abstract
The separate fields of conducting polymer-based electrochemical sensors and virus-based molecular recognition offer numerous advantages for biosensing. Grafting M13 bacteriophage into an array of poly (3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) nanowires generated hybrids of conducting polymers and viruses. The virus incorporation into the polymeric backbone of PEDOT occurs during electropolymerization via lithographically patterned nanowire electrodeposition. The resultant arrays of virus-PEDOT nanowires enable real-time, reagent-free electrochemical biosensing of analytes in physiologically relevant buffers.
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748
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Yanik AA, Huang M, Kamohara O, Artar A, Geisbert TW, Connor JH, Altug H. An optofluidic nanoplasmonic biosensor for direct detection of live viruses from biological media. Nano Lett 2010; 10:4962-9. [PMID: 21053965 PMCID: PMC3123676 DOI: 10.1021/nl103025u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 224] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Fast and sensitive virus detection techniques, which can be rapidly deployed at multiple sites, are essential to prevent and control future epidemics and bioterrorism threats. In this Letter, we demonstrate a label-free optofluidic nanoplasmonic sensor that can directly detect intact viruses from biological media at clinically relevant concentrations with little to no sample preparation. Our sensing platform is based on an extraordinary light transmission effect in plasmonic nanoholes and utilizes group-specific antibodies for highly divergent strains of rapidly evolving viruses. So far, the questions remain for the possible limitations of this technique for virus detection, as the penetration depths of the surface plasmon polaritons are comparable to the dimensions of the pathogens. Here, we demonstrate detection and recognition of small enveloped RNA viruses (vesicular stomatitis virus and pseudotyped Ebola) as well as large enveloped DNA viruses (vaccinia virus) within a dynamic range spanning 3 orders of magnitude. Our platform, by enabling high signal to noise measurements without any mechanical or optical isolation, opens up opportunities for detection of a broad range of pathogens in typical biology laboratory settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmet A. Yanik
- Photonics Center, Boston University, Boston, MA, 02215
- Electrical and Computer Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA, 02215
| | - Min Huang
- Photonics Center, Boston University, Boston, MA, 02215
- Electrical and Computer Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA, 02215
| | - Osami Kamohara
- Photonics Center, Boston University, Boston, MA, 02215
- Electrical and Computer Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA, 02215
| | - Alp Artar
- Photonics Center, Boston University, Boston, MA, 02215
- Electrical and Computer Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA, 02215
| | - Thomas W. Geisbert
- The National Emerging Infectious Diseases Laboratories (NEIDL), Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, 02218
- Department of Microbiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, 02218
| | - John H. Connor
- Department of Microbiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, 02218
| | - Hatice Altug
- Photonics Center, Boston University, Boston, MA, 02215
- Electrical and Computer Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA, 02215
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749
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Karam P, Ngo AT, Rouiller I, Cosa G. Unraveling electronic energy transfer in single conjugated polyelectrolytes encapsulated in lipid vesicles. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2010; 107:17480-5. [PMID: 20876146 PMCID: PMC2955115 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1008068107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A method for the study of conjugated polyelectrolyte (CPE) photophysics in solution at the single-molecule level is described. Extended observation times of single polymer molecules are enabled by the encapsulation of the CPEs within 200-nm lipid vesicles, which are in turn immobilized on a surface. When combined with a molecular-level visualization of vesicles and CPE via cryo-transmission electron microscopy, these single-molecule spectroscopy studies on CPEs enable us to directly correlate the polymer conformation with its spectroscopic features. These studies are conducted with poly[5-methoxy-2-(3-sulfopropoxy)-1,4-phenylene-vinylene] (MPS-PPV, a negatively charged CPE), when encapsulated in neutral and in negatively charged lipid vesicles. MPS-PPV exists as a freely diffusing polymer when confined in negatively charged vesicles. Individual MPS-PPV molecules adopt a collapsed-chain conformation leading to efficient energy migration over multiple chromophores. Both the presence of stepwise photobleaching in fluorescence intensity-time trajectories and emission from low-energy chromophores along the chain are observed. These results correlate with the amplified sensing potential reported for MPS-PPV in aqueous solution. When confined within neutral vesicles, single MPS-PPV molecules adopt an extended conformation upon insertion in the lipid bilayer. In this case emission arises from multiple chromophores within the isolated polymer chains, leading to an exponential decay of the intensity over time and a broad blue-shifted emission spectrum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Karam
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal, QC, Canada H3A 2K6
- Centre for Self-Assembled Chemical Structures; and
| | - An Thien Ngo
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal, QC, Canada H3A 2K6
- Centre for Self-Assembled Chemical Structures; and
| | - Isabelle Rouiller
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, McGill University, Strathcona Anatomy and Dentistry Building, Room 115, 3640 University Street, Montreal, QC, Canada H3A 2B2
| | - Gonzalo Cosa
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal, QC, Canada H3A 2K6
- Centre for Self-Assembled Chemical Structures; and
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Carlson HJ, Cotton DW, Campbell RE. Circularly permuted monomeric red fluorescent proteins with new termini in the beta-sheet. Protein Sci 2010; 19:1490-9. [PMID: 20521333 PMCID: PMC2923502 DOI: 10.1002/pro.428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2010] [Accepted: 05/18/2010] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Circularly permuted fluorescent proteins (FPs) have a growing number of uses in live cell fluorescence biosensing applications. Most notably, they enable the construction of single fluorescent protein-based biosensors for Ca(2+) and other analytes of interest. Circularly permuted FPs are also of great utility in the optimization of fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET)-based biosensors by providing a means for varying the critical dipole-dipole orientation. We have previously reported on our efforts to create circularly permuted variants of a monomeric red FP (RFP) known as mCherry. In our previous work, we had identified six distinct locations within mCherry that tolerated the insertion of a short peptide sequence. Creation of circularly permuted variants with new termini at the locations corresponding to the sites of insertion led to the discovery of three permuted variants that retained no more than 18% of the brightness of mCherry. We now report the extensive directed evolution of the variant with new termini at position 193 of the protein sequence for improved fluorescent brightness. The resulting variant, known as cp193g7, has 61% of the intrinsic brightness of mCherry and was found to be highly tolerant of circular permutation at other locations within the sequence. We have exploited this property to engineer an expanded series of circularly permuted variants with new termini located along the length of the 10th beta-strand of mCherry. These new variants may ultimately prove useful for the creation of single FP-based Ca(2+) biosensors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Robert E Campbell
- Department of Chemistry, University of AlbertaEdmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2G2
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