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Karpowicz P, Inoue T, Runciman S, Deveale B, Seaberg R, Gertsenstein M, Byers L, Yamanaka Y, Tondat S, Slevin J, Hitoshi S, Rossant J, van der Kooy D. Adhesion is prerequisite, but alone insufficient, to elicit stem cell pluripotency. J Neurosci 2007; 27:5437-47. [PMID: 17507566 PMCID: PMC6672333 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0300-07.2007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Primitive mammalian neural stem cells (NSCs), arising during the earliest stages of embryogenesis, possess pluripotency in embryo chimera assays in contrast to definitive NSCs found in the adult. We hypothesized that adhesive differences determine the association of stem cells with embryonic cells in chimera assays and hence their ability to contribute to later tissues. We show that primitive NSCs and definitive NSCs possess adhesive differences, resulting from differential cadherin expression, that lead to a double dissociation in outcomes after introduction into the early- versus midgestation embryo. Primitive NSCs are able to sort with the cells of the inner cell mass and thus contribute to early embryogenesis, in contrast to definitive NSCs, which cannot. Conversely, primitive NSCs sort away from cells of the embryonic day 9.5 telencephalon and are unable to contribute to neural tissues at midembryogenesis, in contrast to definitive NSCs, which can. Overcoming these adhesive differences by E-cadherin overexpression allows some definitive NSCs to integrate into the inner cell mass but is insufficient to allow them to contribute to later development. These adhesive differences suggest an evolving compartmentalization in multipotent NSCs during development and serve to illustrate the importance of cell-cell association for revealing cellular contribution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phillip Karpowicz
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 1A8.
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Georgiades P, Cox B, Gertsenstein M, Chawengsaksophak K, Rossant J. Trophoblast-specific gene manipulation using lentivirus-based vectors. Biotechniques 2007; 42:317-8, 320, 322-5. [PMID: 17390538 DOI: 10.2144/000112341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The trophoblast layers of the mammalian placenta carry out many complex functions required to pattern the developing embryo and maintain its growth and survival in the uterine environment. Genetic disruption of many gene pathways can result in embryonic lethality because of placental failure, potentially confusing the interpretation of mouse knockout phenotypes. Development of tools to specifically and efficiently manipulate gene expression in the trophoblast lineage would greatly aid understanding of the relative roles of different genetic pathways in the trophoblast versus embryonic lineages. We show that short-term lentivirus-mediated infection of mouse blastocysts can lead to rapid expression of a green fluorescent protein (GFP) transgene specifically in the outer trophoblast progenitors and their later placental derivatives. Efficient trophoblast-specific gene knockdown can also be produced by lentivirus-mediated pol III-driven short hairpin RNA (shRNA) and efficient trophoblast-specific gene knockout by pol II-driven Cre recombinase lentiviral vectors. This lentivirus lineage-specific infection system thus facilitates both gain and loss of function studies during placental development in the mouse and potentially other mammalian species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pantelis Georgiades
- Developmental Genetics and Embryology Research Unit, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus.
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Nagy A, Gertsenstein M, Vintersten K, Behringer R. Staining Whole Mouse Embryos for {beta}-Galactosidase (lacZ) Activity. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007; 2007:pdb.prot4725. [PMID: 21357067 DOI: 10.1101/pdb.prot4725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTIONWhole mouse embryos are stained for β-galactosidase (lacZ) activity using X-gal.
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Nagy A, Gertsenstein M, Vintersten K, Behringer R. Staining Frozen Mouse Embryo Sections for {beta}-Galactosidase (lacZ) Activity. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007; 2007:pdb.prot4726. [PMID: 21357068 DOI: 10.1101/pdb.prot4726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTIONFrozen mouse embryo sections are stained for β-galactosidase (lacZ) activity using X-gal followed by counterstaining with Orange G.
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George SHL, Gertsenstein M, Vintersten K, Korets-Smith E, Murphy J, Stevens ME, Haigh JJ, Nagy A. Developmental and adult phenotyping directly from mutant embryonic stem cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2007; 104:4455-60. [PMID: 17360545 PMCID: PMC1838622 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0609277104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 156] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Tetraploid embryo complementation assay has shown that mouse ES cells alone are capable of supporting embryonic development and adult life of mice. Newly established F(1) hybrid ES cells allow the production of ES cell-derived animals at a high enough efficiency to directly make ES cell-based genetics feasible. Here we report the establishment and characterization of 12 new F(1) hybrid ES cell lines and the use of one of the best (G4) in a gain- and loss-of-function genetic study, where the in vivo phenotypes were assessed directly from ES cell-derived embryos. We found the generation of G4 ES cell-derived animals to be very efficient. Furthermore, even after two consecutive rounds of genetic modifications, the majority of transgenic lines retained the original potential of the parental lines; with 10-40% of chimeras producing ES cell-derived animals/embryos. Using these genetically altered ES cells, this success rate, in most cases, permitted the derivation of a sufficient number of mutants for initial phenotypic analyses only a few weeks after the establishment of the cell lines. Although the experimental design has to take into account a moderate level of uncontrolled damage on ES cell lines, our proof-of-principle experiment provides useful data to assist future designs harnessing the power of this technology to accelerate our understanding of gene function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophia H. L. George
- *Samuel Lunenfeld Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, 600 University Avenue, Toronto, ON, Canada M5G 1X5
- Department of Molecular and Medical Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada M5S 1A8; and
| | - Marina Gertsenstein
- *Samuel Lunenfeld Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, 600 University Avenue, Toronto, ON, Canada M5G 1X5
| | - Kristina Vintersten
- *Samuel Lunenfeld Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, 600 University Avenue, Toronto, ON, Canada M5G 1X5
| | - Ella Korets-Smith
- *Samuel Lunenfeld Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, 600 University Avenue, Toronto, ON, Canada M5G 1X5
- Department of Molecular and Medical Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada M5S 1A8; and
| | - John Murphy
- Bayer Corporation, 800 Dwight Way, P.O. Box 1986, Berkeley, CA 94701
| | - Mary E. Stevens
- Bayer Corporation, 800 Dwight Way, P.O. Box 1986, Berkeley, CA 94701
| | - Jody J. Haigh
- *Samuel Lunenfeld Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, 600 University Avenue, Toronto, ON, Canada M5G 1X5
| | - Andras Nagy
- *Samuel Lunenfeld Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, 600 University Avenue, Toronto, ON, Canada M5G 1X5
- Department of Molecular and Medical Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada M5S 1A8; and
- To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail:
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Abstract
INTRODUCTIONThis protocol provides methods for fixation of mouse embryos and tissues with paraformaldehyde, Bouin's fixative, or methanol/DMSO solution.
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Nagy A, Gertsenstein M, Vintersten K, Behringer R. Sectioning mouse embryos. Cold Spring Harb Protoc 2007; 2007:pdb.prot4703. [PMID: 21356940 DOI: 10.1101/pdb.prot4703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTIONThis protocol provides methods and tips for sectioning mouse embryos and transferring the sections to a microscope slide.
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Amano T, Gertsenstein M, Nagy A, Kurihara H, Suzuki H. Nuclear transfer reprogramming does not improve the low developmental potency of embryonic stem cells induced by long-term culture. Reproduction 2006; 132:257-63. [PMID: 16885534 DOI: 10.1530/rep.1.01117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Epigenetic states of embryonic stem (ES) cells are easily altered by long-term cultivation and lose their developmental potential. To rescue this reduced developmental capacity, nuclear transfer (NT) of ES cells was carried out, and original ES and ES cells from cloned blastocysts (ntES) cells established after NT were compared with in vitro differentiation ability and developmental potential by embryoid body formation and tetraploid aggregation respectively. In the establishment of ntES cell lines, the oocytes fused with the ES cell were activated, and further cultured to cloned blastocysts. When in vitro differentiation ability was examined between original and ntES cell lines derived from ES cells with extensive passages (ES-ep), the day of appearance of simple embryoid body, cystic embryoid body, and spontaneous beating was almost similar. The developmental rates of ES-ep cells, that aggregated with tetraploid embryos to term, ranged from 3 to 6%. Moreover, the majority of live pups died soon after birth. In the ntES cell lines derived from ES-ep cells, developmental rates ranged from 0 to 5%. Those pups also died soon after birth, similar to the ES-ep-derived pups. These results suggest that profound epigenetic modifications of ES cells were retained in the re-established cell lines by NT.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Amano
- Department of Developmental and Medical Technology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
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Nagy A, Gertsenstein M, Vintersten K, Behringer R. Assembling Aggregates between Diploid and Tetraploid Embryos. Cold Spring Harb Protoc 2006; 2006:2006/3/pdb.prot4425. [PMID: 22485859 DOI: 10.1101/pdb.prot4425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
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Nagy A, Gertsenstein M, Vintersten K, Behringer R. Breaking the Tips of Embryonic Stem (ES) Cell Injection Needles. Cold Spring Harb Protoc 2006; 2006:2006/3/pdb.prot4417. [PMID: 22485851 DOI: 10.1101/pdb.prot4417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
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Nagy A, Gertsenstein M, Vintersten K, Behringer R. Preparing Embryonic Stem (ES) Cells for Aggregation. Cold Spring Harb Protoc 2006; 2006:2006/3/pdb.prot4419. [PMID: 22485853 DOI: 10.1101/pdb.prot4419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
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Nagy A, Gertsenstein M, Vintersten K, Behringer R. Preparing the aggregation plate. Cold Spring Harb Protoc 2006; 2006:2006/3/pdb.prot4420. [PMID: 22485854 DOI: 10.1101/pdb.prot4420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
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Nagy A, Gertsenstein M, Vintersten K, Behringer R. Assembling Aggregates between Diploid Embryos. Cold Spring Harb Protoc 2006; 2006:2006/3/pdb.prot4423. [PMID: 22485857 DOI: 10.1101/pdb.prot4423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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65
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Nagy A, Gertsenstein M, Vintersten K, Behringer R. Assembling Aggregates between Embryonic Stem (ES) Cells and Diploid Embryos. Cold Spring Harb Protoc 2006; 2006:2006/3/pdb.prot4424. [PMID: 22485858 DOI: 10.1101/pdb.prot4424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
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66
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Nagy A, Gertsenstein M, Vintersten K, Behringer R. Immunosurgery: Isolating the Inner Cell Mass (ICM) of Blastocysts. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006; 2006:2006/3/pdb.prot4428. [PMID: 22485862 DOI: 10.1101/pdb.prot4428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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67
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Nagy A, Gertsenstein M, Vintersten K, Behringer R. Production of tetraploid embryos. Cold Spring Harb Protoc 2006; 2006:2006/3/pdb.prot4422. [PMID: 22485856 DOI: 10.1101/pdb.prot4422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
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Nagy A, Gertsenstein M, Vintersten K, Behringer R. Disaggregating Cleavage-Stage Embryos and the Inner Cell Mass (ICM) of Blastocysts into Individual Cells. Cold Spring Harb Protoc 2006; 2006:2006/3/pdb.prot4427. [PMID: 22485861 DOI: 10.1101/pdb.prot4427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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70
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Nagy A, Gertsenstein M, Vintersten K, Behringer R. Vasectomy for Generation of Sterile Males: Access via Scrotal Sac. Cold Spring Harb Protoc 2006; 2006:2006/2/pdb.prot4377. [PMID: 22485804 DOI: 10.1101/pdb.prot4377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
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71
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Nagy A, Gertsenstein M, Vintersten K, Behringer R. Freezing Embryonic Stem (ES) Cells in 96-Well Plates. Cold Spring Harb Protoc 2006; 2006:2006/2/pdb.prot4411. [PMID: 22485820 DOI: 10.1101/pdb.prot4411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
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72
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Nagy A, Gertsenstein M, Vintersten K, Behringer R. Subcutaneous Injection of Embryonic Stem (ES) Cells. Cold Spring Harb Protoc 2006; 2006:2006/2/pdb.prot4383. [PMID: 22485809 DOI: 10.1101/pdb.prot4383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
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73
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Nagy A, Gertsenstein M, Vintersten K, Behringer R. Isolating Individual Embryonic Stem (ES) Cell Colonies by Picking. Cold Spring Harb Protoc 2006; 2006:2006/2/pdb.prot4410. [PMID: 22485819 DOI: 10.1101/pdb.prot4410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
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74
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Nagy A, Gertsenstein M, Vintersten K, Behringer R. Electroporating DNA into Embryonic Stem (ES) Cells and Selection Methods. Cold Spring Harb Protoc 2006; 2006:2006/2/pdb.prot4409. [PMID: 22485818 DOI: 10.1101/pdb.prot4409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
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75
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Nagy A, Gertsenstein M, Vintersten K, Behringer R. Nephrectomy. Cold Spring Harb Protoc 2006; 2006:2006/2/pdb.prot4386. [PMID: 22485812 DOI: 10.1101/pdb.prot4386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
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Nagy A, Gertsenstein M, Vintersten K, Behringer R. Blood collection by tail bleeding. Cold Spring Harb Protoc 2006; 2006:2006/2/pdb.prot4388. [PMID: 22485814 DOI: 10.1101/pdb.prot4388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
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79
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Nagy A, Gertsenstein M, Vintersten K, Behringer R. Castration. Cold Spring Harb Protoc 2006; 2006:2006/2/pdb.prot4387. [PMID: 22485813 DOI: 10.1101/pdb.prot4387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
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Nagy A, Gertsenstein M, Vintersten K, Behringer R. Transplantation of tissues under the kidney capsule. Cold Spring Harb Protoc 2006; 2006:2006/2/pdb.prot4382. [PMID: 22485808 DOI: 10.1101/pdb.prot4382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
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81
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Nagy A, Gertsenstein M, Vintersten K, Behringer R. Differentiating Embryonic Stem (ES) Cells into Embryoid Bodies. Cold Spring Harb Protoc 2006; 2006:2006/2/pdb.prot4405. [PMID: 22485815 DOI: 10.1101/pdb.prot4405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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82
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Nagy A, Gertsenstein M, Vintersten K, Behringer R. Preparation of DNA from cells in 24-well tissue culture plates. Cold Spring Harb Protoc 2006; 2006:2006/2/pdb.prot4414. [PMID: 22485822 DOI: 10.1101/pdb.prot4414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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83
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Nagy A, Gertsenstein M, Vintersten K, Behringer R. Partial hepatectomy. Cold Spring Harb Protoc 2006; 2006:2006/2/pdb.prot4384. [PMID: 22485810 DOI: 10.1101/pdb.prot4384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
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84
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Nagy A, Gertsenstein M, Vintersten K, Behringer R. Rapid preparation of DNA from cells in 96-well tissue culture dishes. Cold Spring Harb Protoc 2006; 2006:2006/2/pdb.prot4413. [PMID: 22485821 DOI: 10.1101/pdb.prot4413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
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85
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Nagy A, Gertsenstein M, Vintersten K, Behringer R. Vasectomy for Generation of Sterile Males: Access via Abdominal Wall. Cold Spring Harb Protoc 2006; 2006:2006/2/pdb.prot4376. [PMID: 22485803 DOI: 10.1101/pdb.prot4376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
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86
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Nagy A, Gertsenstein M, Vintersten K, Behringer R. Splenectomy. Cold Spring Harb Protoc 2006; 2006:2006/2/pdb.prot4385. [PMID: 22485811 DOI: 10.1101/pdb.prot4385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
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87
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Nagy A, Gertsenstein M, Vintersten K, Behringer R. Isolating postimplantation embryos: late primitive-streak-stage. Cold Spring Harb Protoc 2006; 2006:2006/1/pdb.prot4364. [PMID: 22485737 DOI: 10.1101/pdb.prot4364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
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88
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Nagy A, Gertsenstein M, Vintersten K, Behringer R. Ovariectomy for induction of blastocyst implantation delay. Cold Spring Harb Protoc 2006; 2006:2006/1/pdb.prot4378. [PMID: 22485748 DOI: 10.1101/pdb.prot4378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
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91
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Nagy A, Gertsenstein M, Vintersten K, Behringer R. Making pipettes from hard glass capillaries. Cold Spring Harb Protoc 2006; 2006:2006/1/pdb.prot4354. [PMID: 22485728 DOI: 10.1101/pdb.prot4354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
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93
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Nagy A, Gertsenstein M, Vintersten K, Behringer R. Germ layer explant recombination culture. Cold Spring Harb Protoc 2006; 2006:2006/1/pdb.prot4369. [PMID: 22485742 DOI: 10.1101/pdb.prot4369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
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94
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Nagy A, Gertsenstein M, Vintersten K, Behringer R. Setting up microdrop cultures. Cold Spring Harb Protoc 2006; 2006:2006/1/pdb.prot4353. [PMID: 22485727 DOI: 10.1101/pdb.prot4353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
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95
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96
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Nagy A, Gertsenstein M, Vintersten K, Behringer R. Isolating postimplantation embryos: prestreak-stage. Cold Spring Harb Protoc 2006; 2006:2006/1/pdb.prot4362. [PMID: 22485735 DOI: 10.1101/pdb.prot4362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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97
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Nagy A, Gertsenstein M, Vintersten K, Behringer R. Simple, reliable steps for DNA fragment isolation and purification. Cold Spring Harb Protoc 2006; 2006:2006/1/pdb.prot4389. [PMID: 22485749 DOI: 10.1101/pdb.prot4389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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98
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Nagy A, Gertsenstein M, Vintersten K, Behringer R. Preparing Feeder Cell Layers from STO or Mouse Embryo Fibroblast (MEF) Cells: Treatment with Mitomycin C. Cold Spring Harb Protoc 2006; 2006:2006/1/pdb.prot4399. [PMID: 22485759 DOI: 10.1101/pdb.prot4399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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99
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Nagy A, Gertsenstein M, Vintersten K, Behringer R. De Novo Isolation of Embryonic Stem (ES) Cell Lines from Blastocysts. Cold Spring Harb Protoc 2006; 2006:2006/1/pdb.prot4403. [PMID: 22485763 DOI: 10.1101/pdb.prot4403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Nagy A, Gertsenstein M, Vintersten K, Behringer R. Isolating postimplantation embryos: early neural-fold-stage. Cold Spring Harb Protoc 2006; 2006:2006/1/pdb.prot4365. [PMID: 22485738 DOI: 10.1101/pdb.prot4365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
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