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Bowlin MQ, Bradley JE, Zajac AJ, Bullard DC, Randall TD. The LFA1 ligand, CD54, is not required for the differentiation of TFH cells or germinal center formation. The Journal of Immunology 2017. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.198.supp.152.9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
In germinal centers (GC), B cells undergo cellular proliferation and affinity maturation, and ultimately differentiate into either high-affinity antibody-secreting cells (ASCs) or memory B cells. GC B cells present antigen to T follicular helper (TFH) cells in order to elicit survival and proliferation signals. The integrin, Lymphocyte Function-Associated Antigen 1 (LFA1), is required for this process, as mice lacking LFA1 or treated with LFA1 blocking antibodies fail to form GCs or TFH cells. We hypothesized that the counter-receptor for LFA1, ICAM-1 or CD54, would be similarly required for GC formation and TFH differentiation. To test this hypothesis, we infected CD54-deficient (KO) and wild-type (WT) mice with influenza virus (PR8) and enumerated ASCs and GC B cells on days 7, 9, and 14. We found that KO mice had more GC B cells than WT mice on days 9 and 14, but observed no difference in the number of ASCs or TFH cells. To determine if this result was intrinsic to the B cell lineage, we generated 50:50 (KO:WT) bone marrow chimeras. Following reconstitution, we infected the mice with PR8 and assayed donor-specific GC B cells and ASCs on days 9 and 14. On day 9, we found that GC B cells were highly enriched for KO cells, whereas the ASCs were highly enriched for WT cells. In contrast, TFH cells were represented equally in WT and KO populations. On day 14, we found that GC B cells were still highly enriched for KO cells, whereas there was no significant difference between WT and KO ASCs at this time. These results lead us to the surprising conclusion that, although the loss of LFA1 leads to the failure of TFH and GC responses, the loss of CD54 does not affect the TFH compartment and actually improves GC B cell responses.
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Munguía-Fuentes R, Yam-Puc JC, Silva-Sánchez A, Marcial-Juárez E, Gallegos-Hernández IA, Calderón-Amador J, Randall TD, Flores-Romo L. Immunization of Newborn Mice Accelerates the Architectural Maturation of Lymph Nodes, But AID-Dependent IgG Responses Are Still Delayed Compared to the Adult. Front Immunol 2017; 8:13. [PMID: 28154564 PMCID: PMC5243854 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.00013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2016] [Accepted: 01/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Lymph nodes (LNs) have evolved to maximize antigen (Ag) collection and presentation as well as lymphocyte proliferation and differentiation—processes that are spatially regulated by stromal cell subsets, including fibroblastic reticular cells (FRCs) and follicular dendritic cells (FDCs). Here, we showed that naïve neonatal mice have poorly organized LNs with few B and T cells and undetectable FDCs, whereas adult LNs have numerous B cells and large FDC networks. Interestingly, immunization on the day of birth accelerated B cell accumulation and T cell recruitment into follicles as well as FDC maturation and FRC organization in neonatal LNs. However, compared to adults, the formation of germinal centers was both delayed and reduced following immunization of neonatal mice. Although immunized neonates poorly expressed activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AID), they were able to produce Ag-specific IgGs, but with lower titers than adults. Interestingly, the Ag-specific IgM response in neonates was similar to that in adults. These results suggest that despite an accelerated structural maturation of LNs in neonates following vaccination, the B cell response is still delayed and reduced in its ability to isotype switch most likely due to poor AID expression. Of note, naïve pups born to Ag-immunized mothers had high titers of Ag-specific IgGs from day 0 (at birth). These transferred antibodies confirm a mother-derived coverage to neonates for Ags to which mothers (and most likely neonates) are exposed, thus protecting the neonates while they produce their own antibodies. Finally, the type of Ag used in this study and the results obtained also indicate that T cell help would be operating at this stage of life. Thus, neonatal immune system might not be intrinsically immature but rather evolutionary adapted to cope with Ags at birth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosario Munguía-Fuentes
- Department of Cell Biology, Center for Advanced Research, The National Polytechnic Institute, Cinvestav-IPN , Mexico City , Mexico
| | - Juan Carlos Yam-Puc
- Department of Cell Biology, Center for Advanced Research, The National Polytechnic Institute, Cinvestav-IPN , Mexico City , Mexico
| | - Aarón Silva-Sánchez
- Department of Medicine, Division of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham , Birmingham, AL , USA
| | - Edith Marcial-Juárez
- Department of Cell Biology, Center for Advanced Research, The National Polytechnic Institute, Cinvestav-IPN , Mexico City , Mexico
| | - Isis Amara Gallegos-Hernández
- Department of Cell Biology, Center for Advanced Research, The National Polytechnic Institute, Cinvestav-IPN , Mexico City , Mexico
| | - Juana Calderón-Amador
- Department of Cell Biology, Center for Advanced Research, The National Polytechnic Institute, Cinvestav-IPN , Mexico City , Mexico
| | - Troy D Randall
- Department of Medicine, Division of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham , Birmingham, AL , USA
| | - Leopoldo Flores-Romo
- Department of Cell Biology, Center for Advanced Research, The National Polytechnic Institute, Cinvestav-IPN , Mexico City , Mexico
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Halliley JL, Moscatiello AP, Falsey AR, Daiss JL, Randall TD, Sanz I, Walsh E, Lee FEH. Novel Diagnostic for Acute Influenza Virus Infection Using Circulating Antibody Secreting Cells. Open Forum Infect Dis 2016. [DOI: 10.1093/ofid/ofw172.111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jessica L. Halliley
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York
| | - Andrew P. Moscatiello
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York
| | - Ann R. Falsey
- Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York
| | | | - Troy D. Randall
- Division of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Medicine, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Ignacio Sanz
- Division of Rheumatology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Edward Walsh
- Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York
| | - Frances Eun-Hyung Lee
- Divisions of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
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Thomas ED, Meza-Perez S, Bevis KS, Randall TD, Gillespie GY, Langford C, Alvarez RD. IL-12 Expressing oncolytic herpes simplex virus promotes anti-tumor activity and immunologic control of metastatic ovarian cancer in mice. J Ovarian Res 2016; 9:70. [PMID: 27784340 PMCID: PMC5082415 DOI: 10.1186/s13048-016-0282-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2016] [Accepted: 10/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Despite advances in surgical aggressiveness and conventional chemotherapy, ovarian cancer remains the most lethal cause of gynecologic cancer mortality; consequently there is a need for new therapeutic agents and innovative treatment paradigms for the treatment of ovarian cancer. Several studies have demonstrated that ovarian cancer is an immunogenic disease and immunotherapy represents a promising and novel approach that has not been completely evaluated in ovarian cancer. Our objective was to evaluate the anti-tumor activity of an oncolytic herpes simplex virus “armed” with murine interleukin-12 and its ability to elicit tumor-specific immune responses. We evaluated the ability of interleukin−12-expressing and control oncolytic herpes simplex virus to kill murine and human ovarian cancer cell lines in vitro. We also administered interleukin−12-expressing oncolytic herpes simplex virus to the peritoneal cavity of mice that had developed spontaneous, metastatic ovarian cancer and determined overall survival and tumor burden at 95 days. We used flow cytometry to quantify the tumor antigen-specific CD8+ T cell response in the omentum and peritoneal cavity. Results All ovarian cancer cell lines demonstrated susceptibility to oncolytic herpes simplex virus in vitro. Compared to controls, mice treated with interleukin−12-expressing oncolytic herpes simplex virus demonstrated a more robust tumor antigen-specific CD8+ T-cell immune response in the omentum (471.6 cells vs 33.1 cells; p = 0.02) and peritoneal cavity (962.3 cells vs 179.5 cells; p = 0.05). Compared to controls, mice treated with interleukin−12-expressing oncolytic herpes simplex virus were more likely to control ovarian cancer metastases (81.2 % vs 18.2 %; p = 0.008) and had a significantly longer overall survival (p = 0.02). Finally, five of 6 mice treated with interleukin−12-expressing oHSV had no evidence of metastatic tumor when euthanized at 6 months, compared to two of 4 mice treated with sterile phosphate buffer solution. Conclusion Our pilot study demonstrates that an interleukin−12-expressing oncolytic herpes simplex virus effectively kills both murine and human ovarian cancer cell lines and promotes tumor antigen-specific CD8+ T-cell responses in the peritoneal cavity and omentum, leading to reduced peritoneal metastasis and improved survival in a mouse model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric D Thomas
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1700 6th Avenue South, Room 10250, Birmingham, AL, 35233, USA.
| | - Selene Meza-Perez
- Department of Medicine, Division of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, USA
| | - Kerri S Bevis
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1700 6th Avenue South, Room 10250, Birmingham, AL, 35233, USA
| | - Troy D Randall
- Department of Medicine, Division of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, USA
| | - G Yancey Gillespie
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, USA
| | - Catherine Langford
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, USA
| | - Ronald D Alvarez
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1700 6th Avenue South, Room 10250, Birmingham, AL, 35233, USA
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Affiliation(s)
- Anoma Nellore
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases
| | - Troy D Randall
- Division of Clinical Immunology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA; Division of Rheumatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
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Li M, McCaw TR, Meza-Perez S, Randall TD, Weinmann A, Buchsbaum DJ, Forero A, LoBuglio AF. Abstract 1461: MHCII-expressing breast cancer cells can induce anti-tumor immune response. Cancer Res 2016. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2016-1461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
We recently reported that the mRNA expression of genes in the Major Histocompatibility Complex class II (MHCII) antigen processing and presentation pathway in breast tumor tissues was strongly prognostic of good clinical outcome in triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) patients (J Clin Oncol 33, 2015 suppl; abstr 1066). Although MHCII expression is most often observed on antigen-presenting cells, such as dendritic cells, macrophages and B cells, we observed MHCII protein expression on TNBC tumor cells. These observations suggested that TNBC cells expressing MHCII may have the ability to directly stimulate CD4 T cells and promote anti-tumor immune responses. To test this hypothesis, we transfected murine TS/A tumor cells (syngeneic, non-immunogenic, and metastatic breast cancer model) with a vector encoding the human MHCII Transcriptional Activator (hCIITA) under the control of a doxycycline (Dox)-inducible promoter. We found that TS/A-hCIITA cells did not express MHCII or CD74 until exposed to Dox, whereupon they expressed MHCII and CD74 mRNA and protein in a dose-dependent fashion. We also found that TS/A-hCIITA cells injected into the mammary fat pad expressed MHCII genes and cell surface MHCII proteins on tumor cells if mice received Dox in their drinking water. Importantly, tumor-bearing, Dox-exposed mice exhibited significantly impaired tumor growth compared to mice that were not exposed to Dox. We also found that tumor-bearing, Dox-exposed mice had a significantly enhanced tumor-specific CD8 T cell response in both the tumor-draining lymph node and tumor bed. Thus, breast cancer tumor cells expressing MHCII proteins promote anti-tumor immune responses, which likely contribute to the control of tumor growth in vivo.
Citation Format: Mei Li, Tyler R. McCaw, Selene Meza-Perez, Troy D. Randall, Amy Weinmann, Donald J. Buchsbaum, Andres Forero, Albert F. LoBuglio. MHCII-expressing breast cancer cells can induce anti-tumor immune response. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 107th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2016 Apr 16-20; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(14 Suppl):Abstract nr 1461.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Li
- University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | | | | | | | - Amy Weinmann
- University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
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Turner TB, Arend RC, Li M, Randall TD, Forero-Torres A, LoBuglio AF, Straughn JM, Buchsbaum DJ. Abstract 4030: Epigenetic induction of MHC-II pathway expression in murine ovarian cancer cell line. Cancer Res 2016. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2016-4030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
INTRODUCTION
This study evaluated the potential of epigenetic treatments to induce the expression of the MHC-II antigen presentation pathway in ovarian cancer. Ovarian cancer escapes immune response allowing it to spread in the peritoneal cavity; however, patients with greater immune response to their tumors at baseline have improved survival. Typically, exogenous antigens from tumors are processed and presented via MHC-II to CD4 T cells by antigen-presenting cells. However, if ovarian cancer cells could be induced to express the MHC-II pathway, they could be converted into antigen presenting cells and stimulate an anti-tumor response.
METHODS
Murine epithelial ovarian cancer cells (ID8) were treated for 72 h with the histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACi): entinostat (MS-275) (1.25, 2.5, 5, 10 μM) and quisinostat (20, 40, 80, 160 nM). Cells were treated with 5-azacytidine (5-aza), a DNA methytransferase inhibitor, alone and in combination with MS-275 (5 μM) at 17.25, 37.5, 75, and 150 nM. After treatment, the expression of CD74 (an MCH-II pathway protein) and MHC-II was evaluated by flow cytometry. Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analysis was performed to measure CD74 and CIITA, a transcriptional coactivator that controls MHC-II gene expression. RNA was extracted using RNEasy Mini Kit (Qiagen), cDNA was created with SuperScript VILO Master Mix (ThermoFischer), and a 109bp amplicon was created using JumpStart REDTaq ReadyMix (Sigma-Aldrich). For statistical analysis, a Welch ANOVA was performed using JMP Pro 12. Tukey-Kramer analysis evaluated individual differences. The mean fluorescence intensities (MFI) for the combination treatments were compared using an unequal variance F-test.
RESULTS
Increased protein expression of CD74 and MHC-II was seen after treatment with MS-275, quisinostat, and 5-aza compared to untreated control. Increased expression of CD74 and MHC-II was seen with the combination treatment of 5-aza (17, 37.5, 75, 150 nM) and MS-275 (5 μM) compared to individual treatments (p < .0001). A dose dependent increased expression of CIITA was demonstrated by RT-PCR with 5-aza treatment alone and in combination with MS-275. Increased mRNA expression of CD74 was also seen for all treatments compared to a negative control.
CONCLUSION
Treatment with HDAC inhibitors and a DNA methyltransferase inhibitor induces expression of MHC-II in murine epithelial ovarian cancer cells. The conversion of ovarian cancer cells into antigen presenting cells provides a potential therapeutic model to augment the immune response against epithelial ovarian cancer, a disease known to suppress anti-tumor immunity.
Citation Format: Taylor B. Turner, Rebecca C. Arend, Mei Li, Troy D. Randall, Andres Forero-Torres, Albert F. LoBuglio, J Michael Straughn, Donald J. Buchsbaum. Epigenetic induction of MHC-II pathway expression in murine ovarian cancer cell line. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 107th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2016 Apr 16-20; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(14 Suppl):Abstract nr 4030.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Mei Li
- University of Alabama Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
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Hwang JY, Randall TD, Silva-Sanchez A. Inducible Bronchus-Associated Lymphoid Tissue: Taming Inflammation in the Lung. Front Immunol 2016; 7:258. [PMID: 27446088 PMCID: PMC4928648 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2016.00258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2016] [Accepted: 06/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Following pulmonary inflammation, leukocytes that infiltrate the lung often assemble into structures known as inducible Bronchus-Associated Lymphoid Tissue (iBALT). Like conventional lymphoid organs, areas of iBALT have segregated B and T cell areas, specialized stromal cells, high endothelial venules, and lymphatic vessels. After inflammation is resolved, iBALT is maintained for months, independently of inflammation. Once iBALT is formed, it participates in immune responses to pulmonary antigens, including those that are unrelated to the iBALT-initiating antigen, and often alters the clinical course of disease. However, the mechanisms that govern immune responses in iBALT and determine how iBALT impacts local and systemic immunity are poorly understood. Here, we review our current understanding of iBALT formation and discuss how iBALT participates in pulmonary immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Young Hwang
- Division of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham , Birmingham, AL , USA
| | - Troy D Randall
- Division of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham , Birmingham, AL , USA
| | - Aaron Silva-Sanchez
- Division of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham , Birmingham, AL , USA
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Fuller MJ, Bradley JE, Randall TD. Redistribution of T follicular helper cells to the lungs of neonatal mice infected with influenza. The Journal of Immunology 2016. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.196.supp.147.5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
The infant immune system responds poorly to both infection and vaccination, however the mechanisms responsible for impaired immune responses in neonates are incompletely understood. Here we analyzed T and B cell responses to influenza infection in neonatal mice. We found that neonatal mice were much more susceptible to primary influenza infection and cleared virus with delayed kinetics. Although CD8 T cell responses were slightly delayed in neonates compared to adults, neonates ultimately generated robust CD8 T cell responses. Following resolution of infection, however, the accumulation of tissue-resident memory (Trm) CD8 T cell responses was impaired in mice infected as neonates. In contrast, the appearance of influenza-specific CD4 T cells, including T follicular helper (Tfh) cells, was not delayed. Surprisingly, Tfh cells appeared in the lungs of neonatal mice, but not the lungs of adult mice. Tfh cells in the lungs of neonates correlated with the appearance of germinal center (GC) B cells and the formation of inducible bronchus-associated lymphoid tissue (iBALT) in the lungs. However, despite the appearance of local Tfh and GC B cells, the production of influenza-specific antibody was severely impaired in neonatal mice. Thus, despite the differentiation of influenza-specific Tfh in both lymphoid organs and lungs of neonatal mice, B cell-mediated immunity was still profoundly impaired. Nevertheless, while mice given a primary influenza infection as neonates had diminished Trm CD8 T cell responses and impaired B cell-mediated immunity, they were able to survive lethal rechallenge as adults, indicating that protective immunity could be generated in neonates.
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Hwang JY, Southworth K, Rangel-Moreno J, de la Luz Garcia-Hernandez M, Carragher DM, Randall TD. Inducible Bronchus-Associated Lymphoid Tissue (iBALT) attenuates pulmonary Th2 responses. The Journal of Immunology 2016. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.196.supp.192.23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Inducible bronchus-associated lymphoid tissue (iBALT) is an ectopic lymphoid tissue formed in the lung after pulmonary infection or inflammation. This local lymphoid tissue is structurally similar to conventional secondary lymphoid organs (SLOs), with separated B and T cell areas, specialized stromal cells and lymphoid dendritic cells (DCs). The presence of iBALT is typically associated with pulmonary pathology and advanced lung disease, particularly in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), rheumatoid lung disease, pulmonary fibrosis and chronic infections, suggesting that iBALT functions to exacerbate local immune responses and pathology. Here, we tested whether the presence of iBALT affected the pulmonary immune responses to allergens. We induced iBALT formation in neonatal mice by pulmonary administration of lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and when the mice were adults, sensitized and challenged them intranasally with ovalbumin (OVA). We found that mice with iBALT exhibited reduced Th2 responses, reduced eosinophil recruitment, reduced goblet cell hyperplasia and reduced mucus production. The presence of iBALT delayed the accumulation of Th2 cells and eosinophils in the lung following challenge and altered the spatial distribution of T cells in the lung. We also found that the more organized iBALT structure was, the fewer eosinophil infiltrates were observed in house dust mite (HDM)-induced allergic inflammation. Although Th2 cells are generated in mice with iBALT, they are concentrated in iBALT area and more dilute in lung parenchyma.
Overall, our studies expanded the field of iBALT from observation of what happens in pulmonary diseases to determining the machinery involved in the responses.
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Solleti SK, Srisuma S, Bhattacharya S, Rangel-Moreno J, Bijli KM, Randall TD, Rahman A, Mariani TJ. Serpine2 deficiency results in lung lymphocyte accumulation and bronchus-associated lymphoid tissue formation. FASEB J 2016; 30:2615-26. [PMID: 27059719 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201500159r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2015] [Accepted: 03/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Serine proteinase inhibitor, clade E, member 2 (SERPINE2), is a cell- and extracellular matrix-associated inhibitor of thrombin. Although SERPINE2 is a candidate susceptibility gene for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, the physiologic role of this protease inhibitor in lung development and homeostasis is unknown. We observed spontaneous monocytic-cell infiltration in the lungs of Serpine2-deficient (SE2(-/-)) mice, beginning at or before the time of lung maturity, which resulted in lesions that resembled bronchus-associated lymphoid tissue (BALT). The initiation of lymphocyte accumulation in the lungs of SE2(-/-) mice involved the excessive expression of chemokines, cytokines, and adhesion molecules that are essential for BALT induction, organization, and maintenance. BALT-like lesion formation in the lungs of SE2(-/-) mice was also associated with a significant increase in the activation of thrombin, a recognized target of SE2, and excess stimulation of NF-κB, a major regulator of chemokine expression and inflammation. Finally, systemic delivery of thrombin rapidly stimulated lung chemokine expression in vivo These data uncover a novel mechanism whereby loss of serine protease inhibition leads to lung lymphocyte accumulation.-Solleti, S. K., Srisuma, S., Bhattacharya, S., Rangel-Moreno, J., Bijli, K. M., Randall, T. D., Rahman, A., Mariani, T. J. Serpine2 deficiency results in lung lymphocyte accumulation and bronchus-associated lymphoid tissue formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siva Kumar Solleti
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Sorachai Srisuma
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Soumyaroop Bhattacharya
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Javier Rangel-Moreno
- Division of Allergy, Immunology, and Rheumatology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Kaiser M Bijli
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, USA; Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Emory University/Atlanta Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Troy D Randall
- Division of Allergy, Immunology, and Rheumatology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, USA; Division of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Arshad Rahman
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Thomas J Mariani
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, USA;
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Rangel-Moreno J, de la Luz Garcia-Hernandez M, Ramos-Payan R, Biear J, Hernady E, Sangster MY, Randall TD, Johnston CJ, Finkelstein JN, Williams JP. Long-Lasting Impact of Neonatal Exposure to Total Body Gamma Radiation on Secondary Lymphoid Organ Structure and Function. Radiat Res 2015; 184:352-66. [PMID: 26397175 DOI: 10.1667/rr14047.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The acute period after total body irradiation (TBI) is associated with an increased risk of infection, principally resulting from the loss of hematopoietic stem cells, as well as disruption of mucosal epithelial barriers. Although there is a return to baseline infection control coinciding with the apparent progressive recovery of hematopoietic cell populations, late susceptibility to infection in radiation-sensitive organs such as lung and kidney is known to occur. Indeed, pulmonary infections are particularly prevalent in hematopoietic cell transplant (HCT) survivors, in both adult and pediatric patient populations. Preclinical studies investigating late outcomes from localized thoracic irradiation have indicated that the mechanisms underlying pulmonary delayed effects are multifactorial, including exacerbated and persistent production of pro-inflammatory molecules and abnormal cross-talk among parenchymal and infiltrating immune and inflammatory cell populations. However, in the context of low-dose TBI, it is not clear whether the observed exacerbated response to infection remains contingent on these same mechanisms. It is possible instead, that after systemic radiation-induced injury, the susceptibility to infection may be independently related to defects in alternative organs that are revealed only through the challenge itself; indeed, we have hypothesized that this defect may be due to radiation-induced chronic effects in the structure and function of secondary lymphoid organs (SLO). In this study, we investigated the molecular and cellular alterations in SLO (i.e., spleen, mediastinal, inguinal and mesenteric lymph nodes) after TBI, and the time points when there appears to be immune competence. Furthermore, due to the high incidence of pulmonary infections in the late post-transplantation period of bone marrow transplant survivors, particularly in children, we focused on outcomes in mice irradiated as neonates, which served as a model for a pediatric population, and used the induction of adaptive immunity against influenza virus as a functional end point. We demonstrated that, in adult animals irradiated as neonates, high endothelial venule (HEV) expansion, generation of follicular helper T cells (TFH) and formation of splenic germinal centers (GC) were rapidly and, more importantly, persistently impaired in SLO, suggesting that the early-life exposure to sublethal radiation had long-lasting effects on the induction of humoral immunity. Although the neonatal TBI did not affect the overall outcome from influenza infection in the adults at the earlier time points assessed, we believe that they nonetheless contribute significantly to the increased mortality observed at subsequent late time points. Furthermore, we speculate that the detrimental and persistent impact on the induction of CD4 T- and B-cell responses in the mediastinal lymph nodes will decrease the animals' ability to respond to other aerial pathogens. Since many of these pathogens are normally cleared by antibodies, our findings provide an explanation for the susceptibility of survivors of childhood HCT to life-threatening respiratory tract infections. These findings have implications regarding the need for increased monitoring in pediatric hematopoietic cell transplant patients, since they indicate that there are ongoing and cumulative defects in SLO, which, importantly, develop during the immediate and early postirradiation period when patients may appear immunologically competent. The identification of changes in immune-related signals may offer bioindicators of progressive dysfunction, and of potential mechanisms that could be targeted so as to reduce the risk of infection from extracellular pathogens. Furthermore, these results support the potential susceptibility of the pediatric population to infection after sublethal irradiation in the context of a nuclear or radiological event.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Troy D Randall
- f Division of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | | | | | - Jacqueline P Williams
- b Environmental Medicine.,e Radiation Oncology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York; and
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Barone F, Nayar S, Campos J, Cloake T, Withers DR, Toellner KM, Zhang Y, Fouser L, Fisher B, Bowman S, Rangel-Moreno J, Garcia-Hernandez MDLL, Randall TD, Lucchesi D, Bombardieri M, Pitzalis C, Luther SA, Buckley CD. IL-22 regulates lymphoid chemokine production and assembly of tertiary lymphoid organs. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2015; 112:11024-9. [PMID: 26286991 PMCID: PMC4568258 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1503315112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The series of events leading to tertiary lymphoid organ (TLO) formation in mucosal organs following tissue damage remain unclear. Using a virus-induced model of autoantibody formation in the salivary glands of adult mice, we demonstrate that IL-22 provides a mechanistic link between mucosal infection, B-cell recruitment, and humoral autoimmunity. IL-22 receptor engagement is necessary and sufficient to promote differential expression of chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 12 and chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 13 in epithelial and fibroblastic stromal cells that, in turn, is pivotal for B-cell recruitment and organization of the TLOs. Accordingly, genetic and therapeutic blockade of IL-22 impairs and reverses TLO formation and autoantibody production. Our work highlights a critical role for IL-22 in TLO-induced pathology and provides a rationale for the use of IL-22-blocking agents in B-cell-mediated autoimmune conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Barone
- Rheumatology Research Group, Centre for Translational Inflammation Research, School of Immunity and Infection, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, B15 2TT, United Kingdom; University of Birmingham Research Laboratories, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Birmingham, B15 2WD, United Kingdom;
| | - Saba Nayar
- Rheumatology Research Group, Centre for Translational Inflammation Research, School of Immunity and Infection, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, B15 2TT, United Kingdom; University of Birmingham Research Laboratories, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Birmingham, B15 2WD, United Kingdom
| | - Joana Campos
- Rheumatology Research Group, Centre for Translational Inflammation Research, School of Immunity and Infection, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, B15 2TT, United Kingdom; University of Birmingham Research Laboratories, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Birmingham, B15 2WD, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas Cloake
- Rheumatology Research Group, Centre for Translational Inflammation Research, School of Immunity and Infection, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, B15 2TT, United Kingdom; University of Birmingham Research Laboratories, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Birmingham, B15 2WD, United Kingdom
| | - David R Withers
- School of infection and Immunity, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - Kai-Michael Toellner
- School of infection and Immunity, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - Yang Zhang
- School of infection and Immunity, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | | | - Benjamin Fisher
- Rheumatology Research Group, Centre for Translational Inflammation Research, School of Immunity and Infection, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, B15 2TT, United Kingdom; University of Birmingham Research Laboratories, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Birmingham, B15 2WD, United Kingdom
| | - Simon Bowman
- Rheumatology Research Group, Centre for Translational Inflammation Research, School of Immunity and Infection, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, B15 2TT, United Kingdom; University of Birmingham Research Laboratories, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Birmingham, B15 2WD, United Kingdom
| | - Javier Rangel-Moreno
- Division of Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14642
| | | | - Troy D Randall
- Division of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294-2182
| | - Davide Lucchesi
- Centre for Experimental Medicine and Rheumatology, Queen Mary University of London, EC1M 6BQ, London United Kingdom
| | - Michele Bombardieri
- Centre for Experimental Medicine and Rheumatology, Queen Mary University of London, EC1M 6BQ, London United Kingdom
| | - Costantino Pitzalis
- Centre for Experimental Medicine and Rheumatology, Queen Mary University of London, EC1M 6BQ, London United Kingdom
| | - Sanjiv A Luther
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Lausanne, 1066 Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Christopher D Buckley
- Rheumatology Research Group, Centre for Translational Inflammation Research, School of Immunity and Infection, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, B15 2TT, United Kingdom; University of Birmingham Research Laboratories, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Birmingham, B15 2WD, United Kingdom
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Meza-Perez S, Garcia-Hernandez MDLL, Silva-Sanchez A, Rangel-Moreno J, Mudunuru U, Lord EM, Randall TD. Abstract POSTER-BIOL-1337: Omentum promotes suppression against peritoneal tumors. Clin Cancer Res 2015. [DOI: 10.1158/1557-3265.ovcasymp14-poster-biol-1337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Purpose: The metastasis of ovarian cancer to the omentum is associated with poor clinical outcomes. Although the omentum has immune function due to the activities of milky spots, the role of the omentum in anti-tumor immunity has not been rigorously addressed. We hypothesize that the omentum directly modulates anti-tumor immunity to metastasized tumor cells.
Experimental procedure: We examined metastases and immunological function in mice that expresses SV40 T antigen oncogene under the Mullerian Inhibitory Substance type II Receptor promoter (MISIIR-Tag). In separate experiments we also implanted 3 x 106 EG7.1.15 cells (murine thymoma that express chicken ovalbumin (OVA)) intraperitoneally (i.p.) to induce peritoneal tumors. We used flow cytometry to analyze cells from the omentum and peritoneal exudate from mice with or without tumors.
Results: Omental tumor growth induced by EG7.1.15 cells is associated with an increase in CD4+CD25+FoxP3+ T regulatory cells (Tregs) and CD103+ DCs, while tumor-specific CD8+ T cells are reduced. Although tumor-specific CD8+ T cells generated in the periphery prior to tumor onset prevent omental and peritoneal tumor growth, tumor-specific CD8+ T cells generated after tumors are established in the omentum are unable to mediate tumor clearance. The induction of tolerance requires the omentum, is dependent on FoxP3+ Tregs, is tumor antigen-specific and takes place in as few as 6 days. The metastasis of ovarian tumor cells into the omentum also correlates with an increase in Tregs. Deleting Tregs in both models reduces tumor burden.
Conclusions: Metastasis of tumor cells to the omentum leads to immunological tolerance rather than immunity – even when tumor cells express foreign antigens. Thus, the omentum has an immunological activity that prevents, rather than promotes, immunity to peritoneal tumors.
Citation Format: Selene Meza-Perez, Maria de la Luz Garcia-Hernandez, Aaron Silva-Sanchez, Javier Rangel-Moreno, Uma Mudunuru, Edith M Lord PhD, Troy D. Randall. Omentum promotes suppression against peritoneal tumors [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 10th Biennial Ovarian Cancer Research Symposium; Sep 8-9, 2014; Seattle, WA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Clin Cancer Res 2015;21(16 Suppl):Abstract nr POSTER-BIOL-1337.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selene Meza-Perez
- 1Department of Medicine, Division of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294
| | | | - Aaron Silva-Sanchez
- 1Department of Medicine, Division of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294
| | - Javier Rangel-Moreno
- 2Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642
| | - Uma Mudunuru
- 1Department of Medicine, Division of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294
| | - Edith M Lord
- 3Women's Cancer Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19111
| | - Troy D. Randall
- 1Department of Medicine, Division of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294
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Halliley JL, Tipton CM, Liesveld J, Rosenberg AF, Darce J, Gregoretti IV, Popova L, Kaminiski D, Fucile CF, Albizua I, Kyu S, Chiang KY, Bradley KT, Burack R, Slifka M, Hammarlund E, Wu H, Zhao L, Walsh EE, Falsey AR, Randall TD, Cheung WC, Sanz I, Lee FEH. Long-Lived Plasma Cells Are Contained within the CD19(-)CD38(hi)CD138(+) Subset in Human Bone Marrow. Immunity 2015; 43:132-45. [PMID: 26187412 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2015.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 324] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2014] [Revised: 01/16/2015] [Accepted: 04/28/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Antibody responses to viral infections are sustained for decades by long-lived plasma cells (LLPCs). However, LLPCs have yet to be characterized in humans. Here we used CD19, CD38, and CD138 to identify four PC subsets in human bone marrow (BM). We found that the CD19(-)CD38(hi)CD138(+) subset was morphologically distinct, differentially expressed PC-associated genes, and exclusively contained PCs specific for viral antigens to which the subjects had not been exposed for more than 40 years. Protein sequences of measles- and mumps-specific circulating antibodies were encoded for by CD19(-)CD38(hi)CD138(+) PCs in the BM. Finally, we found that CD19(-)CD38(hi)CD138(+) PCs had a distinct RNA transcriptome signature and human immunoglobulin heavy chain (VH) repertoire that was relatively uncoupled from other BM PC subsets and probably represents the B cell response's "historical record" of antigenic exposure. Thus, our studies define human LLPCs and provide a mechanism for the life-long maintenance of anti-viral antibodies in the serum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica L Halliley
- Divisions of Pulmonary, Allergy, & Critical Care Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; Pulmonary & Critical Care Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Christopher M Tipton
- Division of Rheumatology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; Lowance Center for Human Immunology in the Departments of Medicine and Pediatrics, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Jane Liesveld
- Divisions of Hematology/Oncology/James P. Wilmot Cancer Institute, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Alexander F Rosenberg
- Division of Allergy, Immunology, and Rheumatology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Jaime Darce
- Cell Signaling Technology, Inc., Danvers, MA 01923, USA
| | | | - Lana Popova
- Cell Signaling Technology, Inc., Danvers, MA 01923, USA
| | - Denise Kaminiski
- Division of Allergy, Immunology, and Rheumatology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Christopher F Fucile
- Division of Allergy, Immunology, and Rheumatology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Igor Albizua
- Divisions of Pulmonary, Allergy, & Critical Care Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Shuya Kyu
- Divisions of Pulmonary, Allergy, & Critical Care Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Kuang-Yueh Chiang
- Department of Pediatrics, Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Kyle T Bradley
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Richard Burack
- Department of Pathology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Mark Slifka
- Oregon Health & Sciences University, Beaverton, OR 97006, USA
| | | | - Hao Wu
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Liping Zhao
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Edward E Walsh
- Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Rochester Medical Center & Rochester General Hospital, Rochester, NY 14621, USA
| | - Ann R Falsey
- Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Rochester Medical Center & Rochester General Hospital, Rochester, NY 14621, USA
| | - Troy D Randall
- Division of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | | | - Iñaki Sanz
- Division of Rheumatology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; Lowance Center for Human Immunology in the Departments of Medicine and Pediatrics, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - F Eun-Hyung Lee
- Divisions of Pulmonary, Allergy, & Critical Care Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; Lowance Center for Human Immunology in the Departments of Medicine and Pediatrics, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.
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Opata MM, Hollifield ML, Lund FE, Randall TD, Dunn R, Garvy BA, Feola DJ. B Lymphocytes Are Required during the Early Priming of CD4+ T Cells for Clearance of Pneumocystis Infection in Mice. J Immunol 2015; 195:611-20. [PMID: 26041535 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1500112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2015] [Accepted: 05/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
B cells play a critical role in the clearance of Pneumocystis. In addition to production of Pneumocystis-specific Abs, B cells are required during the priming phase for CD4(+) T cells to expand normally and generate memory. Clearance of Pneumocystis was found to be dependent on Ag specific B cells and on the ability of B cells to secrete Pneumocystis-specific Ab, as mice with B cells defective in these functions or with a restricted BCR were unable to control Pneumocystis infection. Because Pneumocystis-specific antiserum was only able to partially protect B cell-deficient mice from infection, we hypothesized that optimal T cell priming requires fully functional B cells. Using adoptive transfer and B cell depletion strategies, we determined that optimal priming of CD4(+) T cells requires B cells during the first 2-3 d of infection and that this was independent of the production of Ab. T cells that were removed from Pneumocystis-infected mice during the priming phase were fully functional and able to clear Pneumocystis infection upon adoptive transfer into Rag1(-/-) hosts, but this effect was ablated in mice that lacked fully functional B cells. Our results indicate that T cell priming requires a complete environment of Ag presentation and activation signals to become fully functional in this model of Pneumocystis infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael M Opata
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY 40536
| | - Melissa L Hollifield
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY 40536
| | - Frances E Lund
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294
| | - Troy D Randall
- Department of Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294
| | - Robert Dunn
- Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation, San Diego, CA 92121; and
| | - Beth A Garvy
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY 40536;
| | - David J Feola
- Department of Pharmacy Practice and Science, University of Kentucky College of Pharmacy, Lexington, KY 40536
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Hamilton JA, Li J, Wu Q, Yang P, Luo B, Li H, Bradley JE, Taylor JJ, Randall TD, Mountz JD, Hsu HC. General Approach for Tetramer-Based Identification of Autoantigen-Reactive B Cells: Characterization of La- and snRNP-Reactive B Cells in Autoimmune BXD2 Mice. J Immunol 2015; 194:5022-34. [PMID: 25888644 PMCID: PMC4417409 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1402335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2014] [Accepted: 03/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Autoreactive B cells are associated with the development of several autoimmune diseases, including systemic lupus erythematosus and rheumatoid arthritis. The low frequency of these cells represents a major barrier to their analysis. Ag tetramers prepared from linear epitopes represent a promising strategy for the identification of small subsets of Ag-reactive immune cells. This is challenging given the requirement for identification and validation of linear epitopes and the complexity of autoantibody responses, including the broad spectrum of autoantibody specificities and the contribution of isotype to pathogenicity. Therefore, we tested a two-tiered peptide microarray approach, coupled with epitope mapping of known autoantigens, to identify and characterize autoepitopes using the BXD2 autoimmune mouse model. Microarray results were verified through comparison with established age-associated profiles of autoantigen specificities and autoantibody class switching in BXD2 and control (C57BL/6) mice and high-throughput ELISA and ELISPOT analyses of synthetic peptides. Tetramers were prepared from two linear peptides derived from two RNA-binding proteins (RBPs): lupus La and 70-kDa U1 small nuclear ribonucleoprotein. Flow cytometric analysis of tetramer-reactive B cell subsets revealed a significantly higher frequency and greater numbers of RBP-reactive marginal zone precursor, transitional T3, and PDL-2(+)CD80(+) memory B cells, with significantly elevated CD69 and CD86 observed in RBP(+) marginal zone precursor B cells in the spleens of BXD2 mice compared with C57BL/6 mice, suggesting a regulatory defect. This study establishes a feasible strategy for the characterization of autoantigen-specific B cell subsets in different models of autoimmunity and, potentially, in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennie A Hamilton
- Division of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294
| | - Jun Li
- Division of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294
| | - Qi Wu
- Division of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294
| | - PingAr Yang
- Division of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294
| | - Bao Luo
- Division of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294
| | - Hao Li
- Division of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294
| | - John E Bradley
- Division of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294
| | - Justin J Taylor
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109; and
| | - Troy D Randall
- Division of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294
| | - John D Mountz
- Division of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294; Department of Medicine, Birmingham, Alabama VA Medical Center, Birmingham, AL 35233
| | - Hui-Chen Hsu
- Division of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294;
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Abadie V, Abraham C, Adams DH, Agace WW, Alexander-Brett J, Alkhairy O, Ambite I, Anderson DJ, Artis D, Atmar RL, Aymeric L, Bachert C, Bakema JE, Baker K, Beagley KW, Befus A, Bemark M, Berin MC, Berings M, Berzofsky JA, Bilej M, Biswas N, Blumberg RS, Bienenstock J, Bogdanos D, Boirivant M, Boonnak K, Bracke KR, Brandtzaeg P, Braun J, Bringer MA, Broadbent AJ, Bronson R, Brusselle GG, Bulmer JN, Butler J, Cardenas PA, Cebra JJ, Cella M, Cerutti A, Challacombe SJ, Chattha K, Cheroutre H, Chiba T, Chorny A, Clements JD, Colonna M, Cookson WO, Corbeil LB, Corthésy B, Cripps AW, van Crombruggen K, Pires da Cunha A, Cunningham-Rundles S, Curtiss R, Darfeuille-Michaud A, de Jonge WJ, Deban L, Denning TL, Di Santo JP, Diefenbach A, DiRita VJ, Downey J, Du MQ, Edelblum KL, van Egmond M, Epple HJ, Fagarasan S, Fahey JV, Ferris MJ, Fichtner-Feigl S, Fidel PL, Flach M, Flavell R, Fleit HB, Franchini G, Freytag LC, Fuchs A, Fujihashi K, Fuss IJ, Gagliani N, Garcia MR, Garrett WS, Gershwin ME, Gevaert P, Gleeson M, Godaly G, Goldblum RM, Gour N, Gursel M, Hajishengallis G, Hammad H, Hammarström L, Hänninen A, Hanson LÅ, Hayday A, Herzog R, Hodgins DC, Holgate ST, Holmgren J, Holtzman MJ, Hook EW, Huber S, Hurwitz JL, Ivanyi J, Iwasaki A, Jabri B, Jackson S, Jacobs J, Jalkanen S, Janoff EN, Jerse AE, Jeyanathan M, Julian BA, Kacskovics I, Kaetzel CS, Kaushic C, Kelsall BL, Kessans S, Kesselring R, Kilian M, Kiyono H, Klinman DM, Korotkova M, Kronenberg M, Krysko O, Kurono Y, Kverka M, Lambrecht BN, Lamm ME, Lantz O, Lash GE, Lavelle E, Lefrancois L, Leung PS, Levine MM, Lim DJ, Lippolis J, Louis NA, Luster AD, Lutay N, Lycke N, Macpherson AJ, Mantis NJ, Marcotte H, Martin DH, Mason HS, Massa HM, Matoba N, Mayer L, Maynard CL, McElrath MJ, McEntee C, McGhee JR, McGuckin MA, Mestecky J, Mikhak Z, Miller RD, Moldoveanu Z, Montgomery PC, Mor T, Neurath MF, Neyt K, Nicholson LK, Novak J, Nowicki S, O’Hagan D, O’Sullivan NL, Ogra P, Orihuela C, Ouellette AJ, Owen RL, Pabst O, Parkos CA, Parreño V, Patel MV, Perez-Novo C, Perkins DJ, Prussin C, Pudney J, Raghavan S, Rainard P, Ramani S, Randall TD, Raska M, Renukaradhya GJ, Rescigno M, Rosenthal KL, Rothenberg ME, Ruemmele FM, Russell MW, Saif LJ, Salinas I, Salmi M, Salmon H, Sampson HA, Sansonetti P, Schneider T, Serafini N, Sharma D, Shen Z, Shi HN, Shirlaw PJ, Shivhare SB, Smith PD, Smith PM, Smith DJ, Smythies LE, Spencer J, Strober W, Subbarao K, Svanborg C, Svennerholm AM, Taubman MA, Telemo E, Thornhill MH, Thornton DJ, Thuenemann E, Tlaskalova-Hogenova H, Tristram D, Trivedi P, Tuomanen E, Turanek J, Turner JR, Underdown BJ, van Helden MJ, Veazey RS, Verdu EF, Vlasova A, Vliagoftis H, Vogel SN, Walker WA, Wang X, Watanabe T, Weaver CT, Weiner HL, Wells JM, Wen T, Whittum-Hudson J, Whitsett JA, Williams IR, Wills-Karp M, Wira CR, Woof JM, Wotherspoon AC, Xing Z, Xu H, Zaph C, Zeissig S, Zeitz M. Contributors. Mucosal Immunol 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-415847-4.01002-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Abstract
The respiratory tract is served by a variety of lymphoid tissues, including the tonsils, adenoids, nasal-associated lymphoid tissue (NALT), and bronchus-associated lymphoid tissue (BALT), as well as the lymph nodes that drain the upper and lower respiratory tract. Each of these tissues uses unique mechanisms to acquire antigens and respond to pathogens in the local environment and supports immune responses that are tailored to protect those locations. This chapter will review the important features of NALT and BALT and define how these tissues contribute to immunity in the upper and lower respiratory tract, respectively.
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León B, Ballesteros-Tato A, Randall TD, Lund FE. Prolonged antigen presentation by immune complex-binding dendritic cells programs the proliferative capacity of memory CD8 T cells. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 211:1637-55. [PMID: 25002751 PMCID: PMC4113940 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20131692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Antibodies can regulate the quality and functionality of a subset of antiviral CD8+ T cell memory responses to influenza by promoting sustained DC antigen presentation during the contraction phase of primary responses. The commitment of naive CD8 T cells to effector or memory cell fates can occur after a single day of antigenic stimulation even though virus-derived antigens (Ags) are still presented by DCs long after acute infection is resolved. However, the effects of extended Ag presentation on CD8 T cells are undefined and the mechanisms that regulate prolonged Ag presentation are unknown. We showed that the sustained presentation of two different epitopes from influenza virus by DCs prevented the premature contraction of the primary virus-specific CD8 T cell response. Although prolonged Ag presentation did not alter the number of memory CD8 T cells that developed, it was essential for programming the capacity of these cells to proliferate, produce cytokines, and protect the host after secondary challenge. Importantly, prolonged Ag presentation by DCs was dependent on virus-specific, isotype-switched antibodies (Abs) that facilitated the capture and cross-presentation of viral Ags by FcγR-expressing DCs. Collectively, our results demonstrate that B cells and Abs can regulate the quality and functionality of a subset of antiviral CD8 T cell memory responses and do so by promoting sustained Ag presentation by DCs during the contraction phase of the primary T cell response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz León
- Division of Allergy, Immunology, and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642
| | - André Ballesteros-Tato
- Division of Allergy, Immunology, and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642
| | - Troy D Randall
- Division of Allergy, Immunology, and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642
| | - Frances E Lund
- Division of Allergy, Immunology, and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642
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Affiliation(s)
- Troy D Randall
- 1 Department of Medicine University of Alabama at Birmingham Birmingham, Alabama
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Randall TD, Mebius RE. The development and function of mucosal lymphoid tissues: a balancing act with micro-organisms. Mucosal Immunol 2014; 7:455-66. [PMID: 24569801 DOI: 10.1038/mi.2014.11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2013] [Accepted: 01/24/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Mucosal surfaces are constantly exposed to environmental antigens, colonized by commensal organisms and used by pathogens as points of entry. As a result, the immune system has devoted the bulk of its resources to mucosal sites to maintain symbiosis with commensal organisms, prevent pathogen entry, and avoid unnecessary inflammatory responses to innocuous antigens. These functions are facilitated by a variety of mucosal lymphoid organs that develop during embryogenesis in the absence of microbial stimulation as well as ectopic lymphoid tissues that develop in adults following microbial exposure or inflammation. Each of these lymphoid organs samples antigens from different mucosal sites and contributes to immune homeostasis, commensal containment, and immunity to pathogens. Here we discuss the mechanisms, mostly based on mouse studies, that control the development of mucosal lymphoid organs and how the various lymphoid tissues cooperate to maintain the integrity of the mucosal barrier.
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Affiliation(s)
- T D Randall
- Department of Medicine, Division of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham Alabama, USA
| | - R E Mebius
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Gopal R, Rangel-Moreno J, Slight S, Lin Y, Nawar HF, Fallert Junecko BA, Reinhart TA, Kolls J, Randall TD, Connell TD, Khader SA. Interleukin-17-dependent CXCL13 mediates mucosal vaccine-induced immunity against tuberculosis. Mucosal Immunol 2013; 6:972-84. [PMID: 23299616 PMCID: PMC3732523 DOI: 10.1038/mi.2012.135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2012] [Accepted: 11/30/2012] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The variable efficacy of tuberculosis (TB) vaccines and the emergence of drug-resistant strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) emphasize the urgency for not only generating new and more effective vaccines against TB but also understanding the underlying mechanisms that mediate vaccine-induced protection. We demonstrate that mucosal adjuvants, such as type II heat labile enterotoxin (LT-IIb), delivered through the mucosal route induce pulmonary Mtb-specific T helper type 17 (Th17) responses and provide vaccine-induced protection against Mtb infection. Importantly, protection is interferon-γ (IFNγ)-independent but interleukin-17 (IL-17)-dependent. Our data show that IL-17 mediates C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 13 (CXCL13) induction in the lung for strategic localization of proinflammatory cytokine-producing CXCR5+ (C-X-C motif chemokine receptor 5-positive) T cells within lymphoid structures, thereby promoting early and efficient macrophage activation and the control of Mtb. Our studies highlight the potential value of targeting the IL-17-CXCL13 pathway rather than the IFNγ pathway as a new strategy to improve mucosal vaccines against TB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radha Gopal
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, 15224
| | - Javier Rangel-Moreno
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, 14642
| | - Samantha Slight
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, 15224
| | - Yinyao Lin
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, 15224
| | - Hesham F. Nawar
- Witebsky Center for Microbial Pathogenesis and Immunology and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, 14214
| | - Beth A. Fallert Junecko
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261
| | - Todd A. Reinhart
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261
| | - Jay Kolls
- Richard King Mellon Institute for Pediatric Research, Department of Pediatrics and Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, 15224
| | - Troy D. Randall
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, 14642,Department of Medicine, Division of Clinical Immunology & Rheumatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294
| | - Terry D. Connell
- Witebsky Center for Microbial Pathogenesis and Immunology and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, 14214
| | - Shabaana A. Khader
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, 15224
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Sedlacek AL, Gerber SA, Randall TD, van Rooijen N, Frelinger JG, Lord EM. Generation of a dual-functioning antitumor immune response in the peritoneal cavity. Am J Pathol 2013; 183:1318-1328. [PMID: 23933065 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2013.06.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2013] [Revised: 06/21/2013] [Accepted: 06/24/2013] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Tumor cell metastasis to the peritoneal cavity is observed in patients with tumors of peritoneal organs, particularly colon and ovarian tumors. Following release into the peritoneal cavity, tumor cells rapidly attach to the omentum, a tissue consisting of immune aggregates embedded in adipose tissue. Despite their proximity to potential immune effector cells, tumor cells grow aggressively on these immune aggregates. We hypothesized that activation of the immune aggregates would generate a productive antitumor immune response in the peritoneal cavity. We immunized mice i.p. with lethally irradiated cells of the colon adenocarcinoma line Colon38. Immunization resulted in temporary enlargement of immune aggregates, and after challenge with viable Colon38 cells, we did not detect tumor growth on the omentum. When Colon38-immunized mice were challenged with cells from the unrelated breast adenocarcinoma line E0771 or the melanoma line B16, these tumors also did not grow. The nonspecific response was long-lived and not present systemically, highlighting the uniqueness of the peritoneal cavity. Cellular depletions of immune subsets revealed that NK1.1(+) cells were essential in preventing growth of unrelated tumors, whereas NK1.1(+) cells and T cells were essential in preventing Colon38 tumor growth. Collectively, these data demonstrate that the peritoneal cavity has a unique environment capable of eliciting potent specific and nonspecific antitumor immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abigail L Sedlacek
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York
| | - Scott A Gerber
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York
| | - Troy D Randall
- Division of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Nico van Rooijen
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Vrije Universiteit Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - John G Frelinger
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York
| | - Edith M Lord
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York.
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75
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Ballesteros-Tato A, León B, Lund FE, Randall TD. CD4+ T helper cells use CD154-CD40 interactions to counteract T reg cell-mediated suppression of CD8+ T cell responses to influenza. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 210:1591-601. [PMID: 23835849 PMCID: PMC3727323 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20130097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
CD40+ DCs interact with CD154+CD4+ T cells to abrogate T reg cell–mediated suppression of influenza-specific CD8+ T cells. CD4+ T cells promote CD8+ T cell priming by licensing dendritic cells (DCs) via CD40–CD154 interactions. However, the initial requirement for CD40 signaling may be replaced by the direct activation of DCs by pathogen-derived signals. Nevertheless, CD40–CD154 interactions are often required for optimal CD8+ T cell responses to pathogens for unknown reasons. Here we show that CD40 signaling is required to prevent the premature contraction of the influenza-specific CD8+ T cell response. CD40 is required on DCs but not on B cells or T cells, whereas CD154 is required on CD4+ T cells but not CD8+ T cells, NKT cells, or DCs. Paradoxically, even though CD154-expressing CD4+ T cells are required for robust CD8+ T cell responses, primary CD8+ T cell responses are apparently normal in the absence of CD4+ T cells. We resolved this paradox by showing that the interaction of CD40-bearing DCs with CD154-expressing CD4+ T cells precludes regulatory T cell (T reg cell)–mediated suppression and prevents premature contraction of the influenza-specific CD8+ T cell response. Thus, CD4+ T helper cells are not required for robust CD8+ T cell responses to influenza when T reg cells are absent.
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Affiliation(s)
- André Ballesteros-Tato
- Division of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
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76
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Botelho FM, Rangel-Moreno J, Fritz D, Randall TD, Xing Z, Richards CD. Pulmonary expression of oncostatin M (OSM) promotes inducible BALT formation independently of IL-6, despite a role for IL-6 in OSM-driven pulmonary inflammation. J Immunol 2013; 191:1453-64. [PMID: 23797667 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1203318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Inducible BALT (iBALT) is associated with immune responses to respiratory infections as well as with local pathology derived from chronic inflammatory lung diseases. In this study, we assessed the role of oncostatin M (OSM) in B cell activation and iBALT formation in mouse lungs. We found that C57BL/6 mice responded to an endotracheally administered adenovirus vector expressing mouse OSM, with marked iBALT formation, increased cytokine (IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-10, TNF-α, and IL-12), and chemokine (CXCL13, CCL20, CCL21, eotaxin-2, KC, and MCP-1) production as well as inflammatory cell accumulation in the airways. B cells, T cells, and dendritic cells were also recruited to the lung, where many displayed an activated phenotype. Mice treated with control adenovirus vector (Addl70) were not affected. Interestingly, IL-6 was required for inflammatory responses in the airways and for the expression of most cytokines and chemokines. However, iBALT formation and lymphocyte recruitment to the lung tissue occurred independently of IL-6 and STAT6 as assessed in gene-deficient mice. Collectively, these results support the ability of OSM to induce B cell activation and iBALT formation independently of IL-6 and highlight a role for IL-6 downstream of OSM in the induction of pulmonary inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando M Botelho
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster Immunology Research Centre, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada
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77
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Johnston CJ, Manning CM, Rangel-Moreno J, Randall TD, Hernady E, Finkelstein JN, Williams JP. Neonatal irradiation sensitizes mice to delayed pulmonary challenge. Radiat Res 2013; 179:475-84. [PMID: 23496054 PMCID: PMC3662295 DOI: 10.1667/rr3242.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Significant differences exist between the physiology of the immature, neonatal lung compared to that of the adult lung that may affect acute and late responses to irradiation. Identifying these differences is critical to developing successful mitigation strategies for this special population. Our current hypothesis proposes that irradiation during the neonatal period will alter developmental processes, resulting in long-term consequences, including altered susceptibility to challenge with respiratory pathogens. C57BL/6J mice, 4 days of age, received 5 Gy whole-body irradiation. At subsequent time points (12, 26 and 46 weeks postirradiation), mice were intranasally infected with 120 HAU of influenza A virus. Fourteen days later, mice were sacrificed and tissues were collected for examination. Morbidity was monitored following changes in body weight and survival. The magnitude of the pulmonary response was determined by bronchoalveolar lavage, histological examination and gene expression of epithelial and inflammatory markers. Viral clearance was assessed 7 days post-influenza infection. Following influenza infection, irradiated animals that were infected at 26 and 46 weeks postirradiation lost significantly more weight and demonstrated reduced survival compared with those infected at 12 weeks postirradiation, with the greatest deleterious effect seen at the late time point. The results of these experiments suggest that radiation injury during early life may affect the lung's response to a subsequent pathogenic aerial challenge, possibly through a chronic and progressive defect in the immune system. This finding may have implications for the development of countermeasures in the context of systemic radiation exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carl J. Johnston
- Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York
| | - Casey M. Manning
- Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York
| | - Javier Rangel-Moreno
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York
| | - Troy D. Randall
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Eric Hernady
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York
| | - Jacob N. Finkelstein
- Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York
| | - Jacqueline P. Williams
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York
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78
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Slight SR, Rangel-Moreno J, Gopal R, Lin Y, Fallert Junecko BA, Mehra S, Selman M, Becerril-Villanueva E, Baquera-Heredia J, Pavon L, Kaushal D, Reinhart TA, Randall TD, Khader SA. CXCR5⁺ T helper cells mediate protective immunity against tuberculosis. J Clin Invest 2013; 123:712-26. [PMID: 23281399 DOI: 10.1172/jci65728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2012] [Accepted: 11/01/2012] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
One third of the world's population is infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb). Although most infected people remain asymptomatic, they have a 10% lifetime risk of developing active tuberculosis (TB). Thus, the current challenge is to identify immune parameters that distinguish individuals with latent TB from those with active TB. Using human and experimental models of Mtb infection, we demonstrated that organized ectopic lymphoid structures containing CXCR5+ T cells were present in Mtb-infected lungs. In addition, we found that in experimental Mtb infection models, the presence of CXCR5+ T cells within ectopic lymphoid structures was associated with immune control. Furthermore, in a mouse model of Mtb infection, we showed that activated CD4+CXCR5+ T cells accumulated in Mtb-infected lungs and produced proinflammatory cytokines. Mice deficient in Cxcr5 had increased susceptibility to TB due to defective T cell localization within the lung parenchyma. We demonstrated that CXCR5 expression in T cells mediated correct T cell localization within TB granulomas, promoted efficient macrophage activation, protected against Mtb infection, and facilitated lymphoid follicle formation. These data demonstrate that CD4+CXCR5+ T cells play a protective role in the immune response against TB and highlight their potential use for future TB vaccine design and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha R Slight
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
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79
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Guglani L, Gopal R, Rangel-Moreno J, Junecko BF, Lin Y, Berger T, Mak TW, Alcorn JF, Randall TD, Reinhart TA, Chan YR, Khader SA. Lipocalin 2 regulates inflammation during pulmonary mycobacterial infections. PLoS One 2012. [PMID: 23185529 PMCID: PMC3502292 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0050052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary tuberculosis (TB), caused by the intracellular bacteria Mycobacterium tuberculosis, is a worldwide disease that continues to kill more than 1.5 million people every year worldwide. The accumulation of lymphocytes mediates the formation of the tubercle granuloma in the lung and is crucial for host protection against M.tuberculosis infection. However, paradoxically the tubercle granuloma is also the basis for the immunopathology associated with the disease and very little is known about the regulatory mechanisms that constrain the inflammation associated with the granulomas. Lipocalin 2 (Lcn2) is a member of the lipocalin family of proteins and binds to bacterial siderophores thereby sequestering iron required for bacterial growth. Thus far, it is not known whether Lcn2 plays a role in the inflammatory response to mycobacterial pulmonary infections. In the present study, using models of acute and chronic mycobacterial pulmonary infections, we reveal a novel role for Lcn2 in constraining T cell lymphocytic accumulation and inflammation by inhibiting inflammatory chemokines, such as CXCL9. In contrast, Lcn2 promotes neutrophil recruitment during mycobacterial pulmonary infection, by inducing G-CSF and KC in alveolar macrophages. Importantly, despite a common role for Lcn2 in regulating chemokines during mycobacterial pulmonary infections, Lcn2 deficient mice are more susceptible to acute M.bovis BCG, but not low dose M.tuberculosis pulmonary infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lokesh Guglani
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Radha Gopal
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Javier Rangel-Moreno
- Division of Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, United States of America
| | - Beth Fallert Junecko
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Yinyao Lin
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Thorsten Berger
- The Campbell Family Institute for Breast Cancer Research and the Ontario Cancer Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
| | - Tak W. Mak
- The Campbell Family Institute for Breast Cancer Research and the Ontario Cancer Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
| | - John F. Alcorn
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Troy D. Randall
- Division of Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, United States of America
| | - Todd A. Reinhart
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Yvonne R. Chan
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Shabaana A. Khader
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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80
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Haynes L, Szaba FM, Eaton SM, Kummer LW, Lanthier PA, Petell AH, Duso DK, Luo D, Lin JS, Lefebvre JS, Randall TD, Johnson LL, Kohlmeier JE, Woodland DL, Smiley ST. Immunity to the conserved influenza nucleoprotein reduces susceptibility to secondary bacterial infections. J Immunol 2012; 189:4921-9. [PMID: 23028058 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1201916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Influenza causes >250,000 deaths annually in the industrialized world, and bacterial infections frequently cause secondary illnesses during influenza outbreaks, including pneumonia, bronchitis, sinusitis, and otitis media. In this study, we demonstrate that cross-reactive immunity to mismatched influenza strains can reduce susceptibility to secondary bacterial infections, even though this fails to prevent influenza infection. Specifically, infecting mice with H3N2 influenza before challenging with mismatched H1N1 influenza reduces susceptibility to either Gram-positive Streptococcus pneumoniae or Gram-negative Klebsiella pneumoniae. Vaccinating mice with the highly conserved nucleoprotein of influenza also reduces H1N1-induced susceptibility to lethal bacterial infections. Both T cells and Abs contribute to defense against influenza-induced bacterial diseases; influenza cross-reactive T cells reduce viral titers, whereas Abs to nucleoprotein suppress induction of inflammation in the lung. These findings suggest that nonneutralizing influenza vaccines that fail to prevent influenza infection may nevertheless protect the public from secondary bacterial diseases when neutralizing vaccines are not available.
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81
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Ballesteros-Tato A, León B, Graf BA, Moquin A, Adams PS, Lund FE, Randall TD. Interleukin-2 inhibits germinal center formation by limiting T follicular helper cell differentiation. Immunity 2012; 36:847-56. [PMID: 22464171 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2012.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 397] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2011] [Revised: 01/23/2012] [Accepted: 02/27/2012] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
T follicular helper (Tfh) cells promote T cell-dependent humoral immune responses by providing T cell help to B cells and by promoting germinal center (GC) formation and long-lived antibody responses. However, the cellular and molecular mechanisms that control Tfh cell differentiation in vivo are incompletely understood. Here we show that interleukin-2 (IL-2) administration impaired influenza-specific GCs, long-lived IgG responses, and Tfh cells. IL-2 did not directly inhibit GC formation, but instead suppressed the differentiation of Tfh cells, thereby hindering the maintenance of influenza-specific GC B cells. Our data demonstrate that IL-2 is a critical factor that regulates successful Tfh and B cell responses in vivo and regulates Tfh cell development.
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Affiliation(s)
- André Ballesteros-Tato
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
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82
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Abstract
The signals that regulate the differentiation of central and effector memory T cells remain unclear. In this issue of Immunity, Pepper et al. (2011) and Marshall et al. (2011) implicate the differential expression of transcription factors in driving memory subtypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- André Ballesteros-Tato
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
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83
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Khader SA, Guglani L, Rangel-Moreno J, Gopal R, Junecko BAF, Fountain JJ, Martino C, Pearl JE, Tighe M, Lin YY, Slight S, Kolls JK, Reinhart TA, Randall TD, Cooper AM. IL-23 is required for long-term control of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and B cell follicle formation in the infected lung. J Immunol 2011; 187:5402-7. [PMID: 22003199 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1101377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
IL-23 is required for the IL-17 response to infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis, but is not required for the early control of bacterial growth. However, mice deficient for the p19 component of IL-23 (Il23a(-/-)) exhibit increased bacterial growth late in infection that is temporally associated with smaller B cell follicles in the lungs. Cxcl13 is required for B cell follicle formation and immunity during tuberculosis. The absence of IL-23 results in decreased expression of Cxcl13 within M. tuberculosis-induced lymphocyte follicles in the lungs, and this deficiency was associated with increased cuffing of T cells around the vessels in the lungs of these mice. Il23a(-/-) mice also poorly expressed IL-17A and IL-22 mRNA. These cytokines were able to induce Cxcl13 in mouse primary lung fibroblasts, suggesting that these cytokines are likely involved in B cell follicle formation. Indeed, IL-17RA-deficient mice generated smaller B cell follicles early in the response, whereas IL-22-deficient mice had smaller B cell follicles at an intermediate time postinfection; however, only Il23a(-/-) mice had a sustained deficiency in B cell follicle formation and reduced immunity. We propose that in the absence of IL-23, expression of long-term immunity to tuberculosis is compromised due to reduced expression of Cxcl13 in B cell follicles and reduced ability of T cells to migrate from the vessels and into the lesion. Further, although IL-17 and IL-22 can both contribute to Cxcl13 production and B cell follicle formation, it is IL-23 that is critical in this regard.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shabaana A Khader
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15224, USA.
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84
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Botelho F, Fritz D, Rangel-Moreno J, Randall TD, Richards CD. PS1-013. IL-6-independent stimulation of B cell activation, iBALT formation and Th2-skewed immune responses in lungs by Mouse Oncostatin M. Cytokine 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2011.07.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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85
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Milićević NM, Miljković MD, Milićević Z, Labudović-Borović M, Wang X, Laan M, Peterson P, Randall TD, Westermann J. Role of CCL19/21 and its possible signaling through CXCR3 in development of metallophilic macrophages in the mouse thymus. Histochem Cell Biol 2011; 135:593-601. [PMID: 21611855 DOI: 10.1007/s00418-011-0818-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/12/2011] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
We have already shown that metallophilic macrophages, which represent an important component in the thymus physiology, are lacking in lymphotoxin-β receptor-deficient mice. However, further molecular requirements for the development and correct tissue positioning of these cells are unknown. To this end, we studied a panel of mice deficient in different chemokine ligand or receptor genes. In contrast to normal mice, which have these cells localized in the thymic cortico-medullary zone (CMZ) as a distinct row positioned between the cortex and medulla, in plt/plt (paucity of lymph node T cells) mice lacking the functional CCL19/CCL21 chemokines, metallophilic macrophages are not present in the thymic tissue. Interestingly, in contrast to the CCL19/21-deficient thymus, metallophilic macrophages are present in the CCR7-deficient thymus. However, these cells are not appropriately located in the CMZ, but are mostly crowded in central parts of thymic medulla. The double staining revealed that these metallophilic macrophages are CCR7-negative and CXCR3-positive. In the CXCL13-deficient thymus the number, morphology and localization of metallophilic macrophages are normal. Thus, our study shows that CCL19/21 and its possible signaling through CXCR3 are required for the development of thymic metallophilic macrophages, whereas the CXCL13-CXCR5 signaling is not necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Novica M Milićević
- Institute of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia.
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86
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Lee FEH, Halliley JL, Walsh EE, Moscatiello AP, Kmush BL, Falsey AR, Randall TD, Kaminiski DA, Miller RK, Sanz I. Circulating human antibody-secreting cells during vaccinations and respiratory viral infections are characterized by high specificity and lack of bystander effect. J Immunol 2011; 186:5514-21. [PMID: 21441455 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1002932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Surges of serum Abs after immunization and infection are highly specific for the offending Ag, and recent studies demonstrate that vaccines induce transient increases in circulating Ab-secreting cells (ASCs). These ASCs are highly enriched but not universally specific for the immunizing Ag, suggesting that a fraction of these ASCs could arise from polyclonal bystander stimulation of preexisting memory cells to unrelated Ags. This model is proposed to explain maintenance of long-lived serological memory in the absence of Ag exposure. To test this model, we measure the ability of respiratory syncytial virus and influenza virus infection or immunizations to influenza virus, tetanus toxoid, hepatitis B Ag, and human papillomavirus to stimulate bystander memory cells specific for other major environmental Ags that represent a large fraction of the preexisting memory B compartment. Bystander or nonspecific ASC responses to respiratory syncytial virus and tetanus could not be detected above the background levels in healthy adults, despite the presence of circulating memory B cells specific for the corresponding Ags. Nonspecific ASC responses in the healthy subjects and cord blood samples were similar. In contrast, both vaccination and infection induce massive expansion of circulating Ag-specific ASCs without significant increases in the frequencies of ASCs against unrelated Ags. Hence, nonspecific stimulation of memory B cells is unlikely to contribute to the mechanisms of long-term serological memory against major human pathogens. Additionally, high specificity of circulating ASCs after antigenic challenge highlights the diagnostic value of interrogating ASCs as an ideal single-time-point diagnostic immune surrogate for serology during acute infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Eun-Hyung Lee
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA.
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87
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LaMere MW, Lam HT, Moquin A, Haynes L, Lund FE, Randall TD, Kaminski DA. Contributions of antinucleoprotein IgG to heterosubtypic immunity against influenza virus. J Immunol 2011; 186:4331-9. [PMID: 21357542 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1003057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 160] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Influenza A virus causes recurring seasonal epidemics and occasional influenza pandemics. Because of changes in envelope glycoprotein Ags, neutralizing Abs induced by inactivated vaccines provide limited cross-protection against new viral serotypes. However, prior influenza infection induces heterosubtypic immunity that accelerates viral clearance of a second strain, even if the external proteins are distinct. In mice, cross-protection can also be elicited by systemic immunization with the highly conserved internal nucleoprotein (NP). Both T lymphocytes and Ab contribute to such cross-protection. In this paper, we demonstrate that anti-NP IgG specifically promoted influenza virus clearance in mice by using a mechanism involving both FcRs and CD8(+) cells. Furthermore, anti-NP IgG rescued poor heterosubtypic immunity in B cell-deficient mice, correlating with enhanced NP-specific CD8 T cell responses. Thus, Ab against this conserved Ag has potent antiviral activity both in naive and in influenza-immune subjects. Such antiviral activity was not seen when mice were vaccinated with another internal influenza protein, nonstructural 1. The high conservation of NP Ag and the known longevity of Ab responses suggest that anti-NP IgG may provide a critically needed component of a universal influenza vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark W LaMere
- Division of Allergy, Immunology, and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
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88
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Abstract
Bronchus-associated lymphoid tissue (BALT) is a constitutive mucosal lymphoid tissue adjacent to major airways in some mammalian species, including rats and rabbits, but not humans or mice. A related tissue, inducible BALT (iBALT), is an ectopic lymphoid tissue that is formed upon inflammation or infection in both mice and humans and can be found throughout the lung. Both BALT and iBALT acquire antigens from the airways and initiate local immune responses and maintain memory cells in the lungs. Here, we discuss the development and function of BALT and iBALT in the context of pulmonary immunity to infectious agents, tumors, and allergens as well as autoimmunity and inflammatory diseases of the lung.
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Affiliation(s)
- Troy D Randall
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, USA
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89
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Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) is caused by the intracellular bacteria Mycobacterium tuberculosis, and kills more than 1.5 million people every year worldwide. Immunity to TB is associated with the accumulation of IFNγ-producing T helper cell type 1 (Th1) in the lungs, activation of M.tuberculosis-infected macrophages and control of bacterial growth. However, very little is known regarding the early immune responses that mediate accumulation of activated Th1 cells in the M.tuberculosis-infected lungs. To define the induction of early immune mediators in the M.tuberculosis-infected lung, we performed mRNA profiling studies and characterized immune cells in M.tuberculosis-infected lungs at early stages of infection in the mouse model. Our data show that induction of mRNAs involved in the recognition of pathogens, expression of inflammatory cytokines, activation of APCs and generation of Th1 responses occurs between day 15 and day 21 post infection. The induction of these mRNAs coincides with cellular accumulation of Th1 cells and activation of myeloid cells in M.tuberculosis-infected lungs. Strikingly, we show the induction of mRNAs associated with Gr1+ cells, namely neutrophils and inflammatory monocytes, takes place on day 12 and coincides with cellular accumulation of Gr1+ cells in M.tuberculosis-infected lungs. Interestingly, in vivo depletion of Gr1+ neutrophils between days 10-15 results in decreased accumulation of Th1 cells on day 21 in M.tuberculosis-infected lungs without impacting overall protective outcomes. These data suggest that the recruitment of Gr1+ neutrophils is an early event that leads to production of chemokines that regulate the accumulation of Th1 cells in the M.tuberculosis-infected lungs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongwan D. Kang
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Yinyao Lin
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Javier-Rangel Moreno
- Division of Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, United States of America
| | - Troy D. Randall
- Division of Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, United States of America
| | - Shabaana A. Khader
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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90
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Kaminski DA, Randall TD. Adaptive immunity and adipose tissue biology. Trends Immunol 2010; 31:384-90. [PMID: 20817556 DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2010.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2010] [Revised: 08/01/2010] [Accepted: 08/02/2010] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Studies of immunity typically focus on understanding how hematopoietic cells interact within conventional secondary lymphoid tissues. However, immune reactions and their regulation occur in various environments within the body. Adipose tissue is one tissue that can influence and be influenced by adjacent and embedded lymphocytes. Despite the abundance and wide distribution of such tissue, and despite a growing obesity epidemic, studies of these interactions have been only marginally appreciated in the past. Here, we review advances in understanding of lymphoid structures within adipose tissue, the relationship between adipose tissue and adaptive immune function, and evidence for how this relationship contributes to obesity-associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denise A Kaminski
- Division of Allergy, Immunology, and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Rochester, 601 Elmwood Avenue, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
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91
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Zhang S, Rozell M, Verma RK, Albu DI, Califano D, VanValkenburgh J, Merchant A, Rangel-Moreno J, Randall TD, Jenkins NA, Copeland NG, Liu P, Avram D. Antigen-specific clonal expansion and cytolytic effector function of CD8+ T lymphocytes depend on the transcription factor Bcl11b. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; 207:1687-99. [PMID: 20660613 PMCID: PMC2916134 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20092136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
CD8(+) T lymphocytes mediate the immune response to viruses, intracellular bacteria, protozoan parasites, and tumors. We provide evidence that the transcription factor Bcl11b/Ctip2 controls hallmark features of CD8(+) T cell immunity, specifically antigen (Ag)-dependent clonal expansion and cytolytic activity. The reduced clonal expansion in the absence of Bcl11b was caused by altered proliferation during the expansion phase, with survival remaining unaffected. Two genes with critical roles in TCR signaling were deregulated in Bcl11b-deficient CD8(+) T cells, CD8 coreceptor and Plcgamma1, both of which may contribute to the impaired responsiveness. Bcl11b was found to bind the E8I, E8IV, and E8V, but not E8II or E8III, enhancers. Thus, Bcl11b is one of the transcription factors implicated in the maintenance of optimal CD8 coreceptor expression in peripheral CD8(+) T cells through association with specific enhancers. Short-lived Klrg1(hi)CD127(lo) effector CD8(+) T cells were formed during the course of infection in the absence of Bcl11b, albeit in smaller numbers, and their Ag-specific cytolytic activity on a per-cell basis was altered, which was associated with reduced granzyme B and perforin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuning Zhang
- Center for Cell Biology and Cancer Research, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY 12208, USA
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92
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Cruz A, Fraga AG, Fountain JJ, Rangel-Moreno J, Torrado E, Saraiva M, Pereira DR, Randall TD, Pedrosa J, Cooper AM, Castro AG. Pathological role of interleukin 17 in mice subjected to repeated BCG vaccination after infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; 207:1609-16. [PMID: 20624887 PMCID: PMC2916141 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20100265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 197] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Infection usually leads to the development of acquired immune responses associated with clearance or control of the infecting organism. However, if not adequately regulated, immune-mediated pathology can result. Tuberculosis is a worldwide threat, and development of an effective vaccine requires that the protective immune response to Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) be dissected from the pathological immune response. This distinction is particularly important if new vaccines are to be delivered to Mtb-exposed individuals, as repeated antigenic exposure can lead to pathological complications. Using a model wherein mice are vaccinated with bacille Calmette-Guérin after Mtb infection, we show that repeated vaccination results in increased IL-17, tumor necrosis factor, IL-6, and MIP-2 expression, influx of granulocytes/neutrophils, and lung tissue damage. This pathological response is abrogated in mice deficient in the gene encoding IL-23p19 or in the presence of IL-17–blocking antibody. This finding that repeated exposure to mycobacterial antigen promotes enhanced IL-17–dependent pathological consequences has important implications for the design of effective vaccines against Mtb.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Cruz
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute, School of Health Sciences, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
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93
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Misra RS, Shi G, Moreno-Garcia ME, Thankappan A, Tighe M, Mousseau B, Kusser K, Becker-Herman S, Hudkins KL, Dunn R, Kehry MR, Migone TS, Marshak-Rothstein A, Simon M, Randall TD, Alpers CE, Liggitt D, Rawlings DJ, Lund FE. G alpha q-containing G proteins regulate B cell selection and survival and are required to prevent B cell-dependent autoimmunity. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; 207:1775-89. [PMID: 20624888 PMCID: PMC2916136 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20092735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Survival of mature B cells is regulated by B cell receptor and BAFFR-dependent signals. We show that B cells from mice lacking the Gαq subunit of trimeric G proteins (Gnaq−/− mice) have an intrinsic survival advantage over normal B cells, even in the absence of BAFF. Gnaq−/− B cells develop normally in the bone marrow but inappropriately survive peripheral tolerance checkpoints, leading to the accumulation of transitional, marginal zone, and follicular B cells, many of which are autoreactive. Gnaq−/− chimeric mice rapidly develop arthritis as well as other manifestations of systemic autoimmune disease. Importantly, we demonstrate that the development of the autoreactive B cell compartment is the result of an intrinsic defect in Gnaq−/− B cells, resulting in the aberrant activation of the prosurvival factor Akt. Together, these data show for the first time that signaling through trimeric G proteins is critically important for maintaining control of peripheral B cell tolerance induction and repressing autoimmunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravi S Misra
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Immunology, and Rheumatology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
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94
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Halliley JL, Kyu S, Kobie JJ, Walsh EE, Falsey AR, Randall TD, Treanor J, Feng C, Sanz I, Lee FEH. Peak frequencies of circulating human influenza-specific antibody secreting cells correlate with serum antibody response after immunization. Vaccine 2010; 28:3582-7. [PMID: 20298818 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2010.02.088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2009] [Revised: 01/22/2010] [Accepted: 02/17/2010] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Upon vaccination, B cells differentiate into antibody secreting cells (ASCs) that migrate via the circulation to tissues. The kinetics of this response and the relationship of circulating ASCs to protective antibody titers have not been completely explored. METHODS Influenza-specific and total-IgG ASCs were enumerated by Elispot and flow cytometry daily in the blood in 6 healthy adults after trivalent influenza vaccination (TIV). RESULTS Peak H1-specific IgG ASC frequencies occurred variably from day 5 to 8 and correlated with the fold-rise rise in hemagglutination inhibition (HAI titers); r=0.91, p=0.006. H3-specific IgG ASC frequencies correlated less well, perhaps due to a mismatch of the H3 protein in the vaccine and that used in the Elispot assay. Peak frequencies of vaccine-specific and total-IgG ASCs were 0.3% and 0.8%, respectively, of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). Peak TIV-, H1-, H3-, and total-IgG ASC frequencies were 1736+/-1133, 626+/-520, 592+/-463, and 4091+/-2019 spots/10(6) PBMC, respectively. Peak TIV-, H1-, and H3-specific IgG ASC of total-IgG ASC frequencies constituted 63%+/-21, 26%+/-10, 22%+/-17, respectively. CONCLUSION After immunization with inactivated influenza vaccine the peak in influenza-specific ASC frequencies is variable but correlates well with the magnitude of protective HAI responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica L Halliley
- Division of Pulmonary & Critical Care Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
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95
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Abstract
B cells are essential for humoral immunity, but the role that they have in regulating CD4(+) T cell responses remains controversial. However, new data showing that the transient depletion of B cells potently influences the induction, maintenance and reactivation of CD4(+) T cells, with the recent identification of antibody-independent functions of B cells, have reinvigorated interest in the many roles of B cells in both infectious and autoimmune diseases. In this Review, we discuss recent data showing how effector and regulatory B cells modulate CD4(+) T cell responses to pathogens and autoantigens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frances E Lund
- Department of Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, New York 14642, USA.
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96
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Abstract
The phrase “think globally, act locally” was coined in the early 1970s and directed individuals to clean up their local environment with the ultimate goal of improving the health of the entire planet. Several recent studies indicate that similar considerations apply to the immune system, in which small numbers of leukocytes, such as pulmonary dendritic cells, can modify the local immune environment in the lung and promote a positive outcome for the organism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Troy D Randall
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA.
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97
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Khader SA, Rangel-Moreno J, Fountain JJ, Martino CA, Reiley WW, Pearl JE, Winslow GM, Woodland DL, Randall TD, Cooper AM. In a murine tuberculosis model, the absence of homeostatic chemokines delays granuloma formation and protective immunity. J Immunol 2010; 183:8004-14. [PMID: 19933855 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.0901937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection (Mtb) results in the generation of protective cellular immunity and formation of granulomatous structures in the lung. CXCL13, CCL21, and CCL19 are constitutively expressed in the secondary lymphoid organs and play a dominant role in the homing of lymphocytes and dendritic cells. Although it is known that dendritic cell transport of Mtb from the lung to the draining lymph node is dependent on CCL19/CCL21, we show in this study that CCL19/CCL21 is also important for the accumulation of Ag-specific IFN-gamma-producing T cells in the lung, development of the granuloma, and control of mycobacteria. Importantly, we also show that CXCL13 is not required for generation of IFN-gamma responses, but is essential for the spatial arrangement of lymphocytes within granulomas, optimal activation of phagocytes, and subsequent control of mycobacterial growth. Furthermore, we show that these chemokines are also induced in the lung during the early immune responses following pulmonary Mtb infection. These results demonstrate that homeostatic chemokines perform distinct functions that cooperate to mediate effective expression of immunity against Mtb infection.
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98
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Ballesteros-Tato A, León B, Lund FE, Randall TD. Temporal changes in dendritic cell subsets, cross-priming and costimulation via CD70 control CD8(+) T cell responses to influenza. Nat Immunol 2010; 11:216-24. [PMID: 20098442 PMCID: PMC2822886 DOI: 10.1038/ni.1838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 218] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2009] [Accepted: 12/17/2009] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The question of which dendritic cells (DCs) respond to pulmonary antigens and cross-prime CD8+ T cells remains controversial. We show that influenza-specific CD8+ T cell priming is controlled by different DCs at different times after infection. Whereas early priming is controlled by both CD103+CD11blo and CD103-CD11bhi DCs, CD103-CD11bhi DCs dominate antigen presentation at the peak of infection. Moreover, CD103-CD11bhi DCs capture exogenous antigens in the lung and directly cross-prime CD8+ T cells in the draining lymph node without transferring antigen to CD8α+ DCs. Finally, we show that CD103-CD11bhi DCs are the only DCs to express CD70 after influenza infection and that CD70 expression on CD103-CD11bhi DCs licenses them to expand CD8+ T cells responding to both influenza and exogenous ovalbumin.
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Affiliation(s)
- André Ballesteros-Tato
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, USA
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99
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Lin Y, Ritchea S, Logar A, Slight S, Messmer M, Rangel-Moreno J, Guglani L, Alcorn JF, Strawbridge H, Park SM, Onishi R, Nyugen N, Walter MJ, Pociask D, Randall TD, Gaffen SL, Iwakura Y, Kolls JK, Khader SA. Interleukin-17 is required for T helper 1 cell immunity and host resistance to the intracellular pathogen Francisella tularensis. Immunity 2009; 31:799-810. [PMID: 19853481 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2009.08.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 210] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2009] [Revised: 05/28/2009] [Accepted: 08/21/2009] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The importance of T helper type 1 (Th1) cell immunity in host resistance to the intracellular bacterium Francisella tularensis is well established. However, the relative roles of interleukin (IL)-12-Th1 and IL-23-Th17 cell responses in immunity to F. tularensis have not been studied. The IL-23-Th17 cell pathway is critical for protective immunity against extracellular bacterial infections. In contrast, the IL-23-Th17 cell pathway is dispensable for protection against intracellular pathogens such as Mycobacteria. Here we show that the IL-23-Th17 pathway regulates the IL-12-Th1 cell pathway and was required for protective immunity against F.tularensis live vaccine strain. We show that IL-17A, but not IL-17F or IL-22, induced IL-12 production in dendritic cells and mediated Th1 responses. Furthermore, we show that IL-17A also induced IL-12 and interferon-gamma production in macrophages and mediated bacterial killing. Together, these findings illustrate a biological function for IL-17A in regulating IL-12-Th1 cell immunity and host responses to an intracellular pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinyao Lin
- Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15224, USA
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100
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van de Pavert SA, Olivier BJ, Goverse G, Vondenhoff MF, Greuter M, Beke P, Kusser K, Höpken UE, Lipp M, Niederreither K, Blomhoff R, Sitnik K, Agace WW, Randall TD, de Jonge WJ, Mebius RE. Chemokine CXCL13 is essential for lymph node initiation and is induced by retinoic acid and neuronal stimulation. Nat Immunol 2009; 10:1193-9. [PMID: 19783990 PMCID: PMC2771164 DOI: 10.1038/ni.1789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 228] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2009] [Accepted: 08/07/2009] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Location of embryonic lymph node development is determined by the initial clustering of lymphoid tissue inducer cells. We demonstrate that both CXCL13 and CCL21 attracted E12.5–E14.5 lymphoid tissue inducer cells and that initial clustering exclusively depended on CXCL13. Retinoic acid induced early CXCL13 expression in stromal organizer cells independent of lymphotoxin signaling. Notably, neurons adjacent to the lymph node anlagen expressed enzymes essential for retinoic acid synthesis. Furthermore, stimulation of parasymphathetic neural output in adults led to a retinoic acid receptor-dependent induction of CXCL13 in the gut. Therefore, our data show that initiation of lymph node development is controlled by retinoic acid-mediated expression of CXCL13 and suggest that retinoic acid may be provided by adjacent neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serge A van de Pavert
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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