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Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) has been linked to an increased prevalence and severity of carotid artery disease, as well as polyvascular disease. Carotid disease is also associated with obesity and abnormal peri-organ and intra-organ fat (APIFat) deposition (i.e., excess fat accumulation in several organs such as the liver, heart and vessels). In turn, DM is associated with APIFat. The coexistence of these comorbidities confers a greater risk of vascular events. Clinicians should also consider that carotid bruits may predict cardiovascular risk. DM has been related to a greater risk of adverse outcomes after carotid endarterectomy or stenting. Whether modifying risk factors (e.g., glycaemia and dyslipidaemia) in DM patients can improve the outcomes of these procedures needs to be established. Furthermore, DM is a risk factor for contrast-induced acute kidney injury (CI-AKI). The latter should be recorded in DM patients undergoing carotid stenting since it can influence both short- and long-term outcomes. From a pathophysiological perspective, functional changes in the carotid artery may precede morphological ones. Furthermore, carotid plaque characteristics are increasingly being studied in terms of vascular risk stratification and monitoring short-term changes attributed to treatment. The present narrative review discusses the recent (2019) literature on the associations between DM and carotid artery disease. Physicians and vascular surgeons looking after patients with carotid disease and DM should consider these links that may influence outcomes. Further research in this field is also needed to optimise the treatment of such patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niki Katsiki
- Diabetes Center, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, First Department of Internal Medicine, AHEPA University Hospital, Medical School Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Dimitri P Mikhailidis
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Royal Free Hospital Campus, University College London Medical School, University College London (UCL), London, UK.,Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
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Saraireh H, Redman J, Abdelfattah T, Mangray S, Wade JB, Gilles HS, Fuchs M, Morris A, Malpaya Z, Puri P, Davis BC, Patel SS, Bajaj JS. Training of hepatology providers improves the screening and resultant interventions for alcohol use disorder. Liver Int 2020; 40:2090-2094. [PMID: 32633900 DOI: 10.1111/liv.14589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Revised: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/13/2023]
Abstract
Alcohol use disorder (AUD) screening is important but focused training with using AUDIT-10 with counselling/mental health (MH) referral may be needed. We aimed to compare the effect of training on AUD screening/intervention in hepatology clinics in pre vs post-training phases of a quality-improvement initiative. Pre-training encounters were evaluated for inquiry into AUD, AUDIT-10 and MH referrals. Dedicated AUD-related training was provided to hepatology providers and analyses repeated post-training. Pre-training (n = 378) and post-training patients(n = 318) had similar demographics and disease characteristics. Post-training there was higher inquiry about alcohol(92% vs 80%, P < .0001), counselling (82% vs 68%, P < .0001). This led to higher diagnosis of drinkers (49% vs 31%, P < .0001) of whom higher proportion had AUDIT-10 administered(91% vs 34%, P < .0001) and referred to MH(29% vs 8%, P < .0001). On regression presumed alcohol-related aetiology, younger age and post-training period were associated with AUDIT-10 administration. AUD-focused training significantly improves rates of screening and MH referral for problem drinking in a hepatology clinic population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamzeh Saraireh
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Virginia Commonwealth University and Central Virginia VA Health Care System, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Joseph Redman
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Virginia Commonwealth University and Central Virginia VA Health Care System, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Thaer Abdelfattah
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Virginia Commonwealth University and Central Virginia VA Health Care System, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Sasha Mangray
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Virginia Commonwealth University and Central Virginia VA Health Care System, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - James B Wade
- Department of Psychiatry, Virginia Commonwealth University and Central Virginia VA Health Care System, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - HoChong S Gilles
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Virginia Commonwealth University and Central Virginia VA Health Care System, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Michael Fuchs
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Virginia Commonwealth University and Central Virginia VA Health Care System, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - April Morris
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Virginia Commonwealth University and Central Virginia VA Health Care System, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Zenaida Malpaya
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Virginia Commonwealth University and Central Virginia VA Health Care System, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Puneet Puri
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Virginia Commonwealth University and Central Virginia VA Health Care System, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Brian C Davis
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Virginia Commonwealth University and Central Virginia VA Health Care System, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Samarth S Patel
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Virginia Commonwealth University and Central Virginia VA Health Care System, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Jasmohan S Bajaj
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Virginia Commonwealth University and Central Virginia VA Health Care System, Richmond, VA, USA
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53
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Yang M, Liu Q, Huang T, Tan W, Qu L, Chen T, Pan H, Chen L, Liu J, Wong CW, Lu WW, Guan M. Dysfunction of estrogen-related receptor alpha-dependent hepatic VLDL secretion contributes to sex disparity in NAFLD/NASH development. Theranostics 2020; 10:10874-10891. [PMID: 33042259 PMCID: PMC7532682 DOI: 10.7150/thno.47037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Rationale: Men and postmenopausal women are more prone to developing non-alcoholic fatty liver disease/steatohepatitis (NAFLD/NASH) than premenopausal women. However, the pathological links and underlying mechanisms of this disparity are still elusive. The sex-difference in hepatic very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) assembly and secretion may contribute to NAFLD development. Estrogen-related receptor alpha (ERRα) is a key regulator of several metabolic processes. We hypothesized that ERRα plays a role contributing to the sex-difference in hepatic VLDL assembly and secretion. Methods: VLDL secretion and essential genes governing said process were assessed in male and female mice. Liver-specific ERRα-deficient (ERRαLKO) mice were generated to assess the rate of hepatic VLDL secretion and alteration in target gene expression. Overexpression of either microsomal triglyceride transfer protein (Mttp) or phospholipase A2 G12B (Pla2g12b) by adenovirus was performed to test if the fatty liver phenotype in male ERRαLKO mice was due to defects in hepatic VLDL secretion. Female ERRαLKO mice were put on a diet high in saturated fat, fructose and cholesterol (HFHC) to promote NASH development. Wild type female mice were either ovariectomized or treated with tamoxifen to induce a state of estrogen deficiency or disruption in estrogen signaling. Adenovirus was used to overexpress ERRα in these mice to test if ERRα was sufficient to rescue the suppressed VLDL secretion due to estrogen dysfunction. Finally, wild type male mice on a high-fat diet (HFD) were treated with an ERRα inverse agonist to assess if suppressing ERRα activity pharmacologically would lead to fatty liver development. Results: ERRα is an indispensable mediator modulating hepatic triglyceride-rich very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL-TG) assembly and secretion through coordinately controlling target genes apolipoprotein B (Apob), Mttp and Pla2g12b in a sex-different manner. Hepatic VLDL-TG secretion is blunted in ERRαLKO mice, leading to hepatosteatosis which exacerbates endoplasmic reticulum stress and inflammation paving ways for NASH development. Importantly, ERRα acts downstream of estrogen/ERα signaling in contributing to the sex-difference in hepatic VLDL secretion effecting hepatic lipid homeostasis. Conclusions: Our results highlight ERRα as a key mediator which contributes to the sex disparity in NAFLD development, suggesting that selectively restoring ERRα activity in the liver may be a novel strategy for treating NAFLD/NASH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Yang
- Center for Human Tissues and Organs Degeneration, Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Qingli Liu
- Center for Human Tissues and Organs Degeneration, Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong, China
| | - Tongling Huang
- Center for Human Tissues and Organs Degeneration, Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong, China
| | - Wenjuan Tan
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Linbing Qu
- Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510530, Guangdong, China
| | - Tianke Chen
- Center for Human Tissues and Organs Degeneration, Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong, China
| | - Haobo Pan
- Center for Human Tissues and Organs Degeneration, Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong, China
| | - Ling Chen
- Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510530, Guangdong, China
| | - Jinsong Liu
- Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510530, Guangdong, China
| | - Chi-Wai Wong
- NeuMed Pharmaceuticals Limited, Yuen Long, Hong Kong, China
| | - William W. Lu
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Min Guan
- Center for Human Tissues and Organs Degeneration, Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong, China
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Ogawa Y, Kobayashi T, Honda Y, Kessoku T, Tomeno W, Imajo K, Nakahara T, Oeda S, Nagaoki Y, Amano Y, Ando T, Hirayama M, Isono O, Kamiguchi H, Nagabukuro H, Ogawa S, Satomi Y, Saigusa Y, Takahashi H, Hyogo H, Yoneda M, Saito S, Yamanaka T, Aishima S, Eguchi Y, Kage M, Chayama K, Nakajima A. Metabolomic/lipidomic-based analysis of plasma to diagnose hepatocellular ballooning in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: A multicenter study. Hepatol Res 2020; 50:955-965. [PMID: 32455496 DOI: 10.1111/hepr.13528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Revised: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
AIM Liver biopsy is still required for the diagnosis of hepatocellular ballooning and inflammation, which are important histological features of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis. We undertook this multicenter, cross-sectional study to identify novel blood markers for the diagnosis of hepatocellular ballooning. METHODS We enrolled 176 patients, of whom 132 were proven by liver biopsy as having non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and classified as non-ballooning (ballooning grade 0) (n = 83) or ballooning (ballooning grade 1 and 2) (n = 49) by a central pathology review. We carried out gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry, and lipidomics with plasma. RESULTS As correlates of hepatocellular ballooning, among the clinical parameters, serum type IV collagen 7S correlated most significantly with the ballooning grade (correlation coefficient [CC] = 0.463; P < 0.001). Among the metabolic/lipidomic markers, phosphatidylcholine (PC) (aa-44:8) correlated most significantly with the ballooning grade (CC = 0.394; P < 0.001). The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of type IV collagen 7S, choline, and lysophosphatidylethanolamine (LPE) (e-18:2), was 0.846 (95% confidence interval, 0.772-0.919). CONCLUSIONS Plasma levels of PC were positively correlated, and those of lysophosphatidylcholine and LPE were negatively correlated with hepatocellular ballooning in NAFLD patients. These non-invasive metabolic/lipidomic-based plasma tests might be useful to distinguish between cases of NAFLD with and without hepatocellular ballooning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuji Ogawa
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Takashi Kobayashi
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Yasushi Honda
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Takaomi Kessoku
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Wataru Tomeno
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan.,Department of Gastroenterology, International University of Health and Welfare Atami Hospital, Atami, Japan
| | - Kento Imajo
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Takashi Nakahara
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Satoshi Oeda
- Liver Center, Saga University Hospital, Saga, Japan
| | - Yuko Nagaoki
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Yuichiro Amano
- Research, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Ando
- Research, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company, Yokohama, Japan
| | | | - Osamu Isono
- Research, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company, Yokohama, Japan
| | | | | | - Shinji Ogawa
- Research, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company, Yokohama, Japan
| | | | - Yusuke Saigusa
- Department of Biostatistics, Yokohama City University School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Hirokazu Takahashi
- Liver Center, Saga University Hospital, Saga, Japan.,Division of Metabolism and Endocrinology, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Saga, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Hyogo
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, JA Hiroshima General Hospital, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Masato Yoneda
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Satoru Saito
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Takeharu Yamanaka
- Department of Biostatistics, Yokohama City University School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Shinichi Aishima
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Japan
| | | | - Masayoshi Kage
- Kurume University Research Center for Innovative Cancer Therapy, Kurume, Japan
| | - Kazuaki Chayama
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Atsushi Nakajima
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
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55
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Mohamed DA, Fouda KA, Mohamed RS. <i>In vitro</i> Anticancer Activity of Quinoa and Safflower Seeds and Their Preventive Effects on Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver. Pak J Biol Sci 2020; 22:383-392. [PMID: 31930826 DOI: 10.3923/pjbs.2019.383.392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is not only the most common cause of liver diseases in humans but also it may complicate and become a risk factor for liver cancer. The present work aimed to evaluate the anticancer activity (in vitro) of quinoa and safflower seeds powder and their beneficial effects against NAFLD (in vivo). MATERIALS AND METHODS Proximate analysis, fatty acids profile, total phenolic and phytic acid of quinoa and safflower seeds were assessed. Also their anticancer activities (in vitro) against liver cancer were evaluated. The preventive effect of both seeds on NAFLD was evaluated using twenty four male rats. NAFLD was induced in rats by high fructose diet (HFD) for 4 weeks. The effects of HFD and HFD supplemented with 20% quinoa or safflower powder on plasma and liver lipids, lipid peroxidation, total protein, albumin as well as liver and kidney functions were determined. RESULTS Quinoa seeds powder was promising in cytotoxicity against hepatocarcinoma cell line HEPG2 (IC50 was 14.6 μg). Feeding rats on HFD produced dyslipidemia and significant increase in liver functions and lipid peroxidation with significant elevation in liver triglycerides and total cholesterol. Quinoa and safflower seeds powder produced improvement in the biochemical parameters with different degrees. CONCLUSION Quinoa and safflower seeds powder possessed cytotoxicity against hepatocarcinoma cell line HEPG2 and afford hepato-protection against NAFLD.
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56
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Nardo AD, Grün NG, Zeyda M, Dumanic M, Oberhuber G, Rivelles E, Helbich TH, Markgraf DF, Roden M, Claudel T, Trauner M, Stulnig TM. Impact of osteopontin on the development of non-alcoholic liver disease and related hepatocellular carcinoma. Liver Int 2020; 40:1620-1633. [PMID: 32281248 PMCID: PMC7384114 DOI: 10.1111/liv.14464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Revised: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Osteopontin, a multifunctional protein and inflammatory cytokine, is overexpressed in adipose tissue and liver in obesity and contributes to the induction of adipose tissue inflammation and non-alcoholic fatty liver (NAFL). Studies performed in both mice and humans also point to a potential role for OPN in malignant transformation and tumour growth. To fully understand the role of OPN on the development of NAFL-derived hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), we applied a non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH)-HCC mouse model on osteopontin-deficient (Spp1-/- ) mice analysing time points of NASH, fibrosis and HCC compared to wild-type mice. METHODS Two-day-old wild-type and Spp1-/- mice received a low-dose streptozotocin injection in order to induce diabetes, and were fed a high-fat diet starting from week 4. Different cohorts of mice of both genotypes were sacrificed at 8, 12 and 19 weeks of age to evaluate the NASH, fibrosis and HCC phenotypes respectively. RESULTS Spp1-/- animals showed enhanced hepatic lipid accumulation and aggravated NASH, as also increased hepatocellular apoptosis and accelerated fibrosis. The worse steatotic and fibrotic phenotypes observed in Spp1-/- mice might be driven by enhanced hepatic fatty acid influx through CD36 overexpression and by a pathological accumulation of specific diacylglycerol species during NAFL. Lack of osteopontin lowered systemic inflammation, prevented HCC progression to less differentiated tumours and improved overall survival. CONCLUSIONS Lack of osteopontin dissociates NASH-fibrosis severity from overall survival and HCC malignant transformation in NAFLD, and is therefore a putative therapeutic target only for advanced chronic liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander D. Nardo
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Cardio‐Metabolic Immunotherapy and Clinical Division of Endocrinology and MetabolismDepartment of Medicine IIIMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria,Present address:
Hans Popper Laboratory of Molecular HepatologyDivision of Gastroenterology & HepatologyMedical University of ViennaVienna1090Austria
| | - Nicole G. Grün
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Cardio‐Metabolic Immunotherapy and Clinical Division of Endocrinology and MetabolismDepartment of Medicine IIIMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Maximilian Zeyda
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Cardio‐Metabolic Immunotherapy and Clinical Division of Endocrinology and MetabolismDepartment of Medicine IIIMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria,Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent MedicineMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Monika Dumanic
- Division of Nuclear MedicineDepartment of Biomedical Imaging and Image‐guided TherapyMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Georg Oberhuber
- Department of PathologyGeneral Hospital of InnsbruckInnsbruckAustria
| | - Elisa Rivelles
- Department of Laboratory MedicineMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Thomas H. Helbich
- Division of Nuclear MedicineDepartment of Biomedical Imaging and Image‐guided TherapyMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria,Division of Molecular and Gender ImagingDepartment of Biomedical Imaging and Image‐guided TherapyMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Daniel F. Markgraf
- German Diabetes CenterLeibniz Center for Diabetes ResearchInstitute for Clinical DiabetologyHeinrich Heine UniversityDüsseldorfGermany
| | - Michael Roden
- German Diabetes CenterLeibniz Center for Diabetes ResearchInstitute for Clinical DiabetologyHeinrich Heine UniversityDüsseldorfGermany,German Center of Diabetes Research (DZD e.V.)München‐NeuherbergGermany,Division of Endocrinology and DiabetologyMedical FacultyHeinrich‐Heine UniversityDüsseldorfGermany
| | - Thierry Claudel
- Hans Popper Laboratory of Molecular HepatologyDivision of Gastroenterology & HepatologyMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Michael Trauner
- Hans Popper Laboratory of Molecular HepatologyDivision of Gastroenterology & HepatologyMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Thomas M. Stulnig
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Cardio‐Metabolic Immunotherapy and Clinical Division of Endocrinology and MetabolismDepartment of Medicine IIIMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria,Present address:
Third Department of Medicine and Karl Landsteiner Institute for Metabolic Diseases and NephrologyHietzing HospitalVienna1130Austria
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Raimondo G, Saitta C, Lombardo D, Giraudi PJ, Rosso N, Ieni A, Lazzara S, Palmisano S, Bonazza D, Alibrandi A, Navarra G, Tiribelli C, Pollicino T. Occult hepatitis B virus infection predicts non-alcoholic steatohepatitis in severely obese individuals from Italy. Liver Int 2020; 40:1601-1609. [PMID: 32329579 DOI: 10.1111/liv.14473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Revised: 04/04/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Obesity is associated with non-alcoholic fatty liver (NAFL), which may progress towards non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Occult hepatitis B virus infection (OBI) may contribute to hepatic damage in patients with chronic liver disease of different aetiologies (eg HCV, alcohol). However, information on the prevalence and clinical impact of OBI in obese individuals is lacking. The aims of this study were to investigate NASH prevalence and risk factors in obese people who underwent bariatric surgery. METHODS Two-hundred and twenty-six subjects (160 females; mean age 42.9 years ±10.8 SD) without evidence of any further cause of liver disease consecutively underwent bariatric surgery in two Italian liver centers. During surgery, all patients underwent liver biopsy for histological evaluation and molecular studies. Liver DNA extracts were tested for PNPLA3, TM6SF2, MBOAT7, IRGM polymorphisms and for OBI. Univariate and multivariate analyses were used to identify predictors of NASH. RESULTS Histology showed NASH in 115 (50.9%) and NAFL in 111 cases (49.1%). Twenty-nine/226 (12.8%) cases had OBI, 24 (82.8%) of whom had NASH and 5 (17.2%) NAFL, whereas among the 197 OBI-negative cases, 91 (46.2%) had NASH and 106 (53.8%) NAFL (P = .0002). Multivariate analysis showed that older age (P = .03, OR 1.034), alanine aminotransferase values (P = .005, OR 1.023), insulin resistance/diabetes (P = .02, OR 2.257), TM6SF2 polymorphism (P = .04, OR 3.168) and OBI (P = .004, OR 5.503) were independent predictors of NASH. CONCLUSION NASH is highly prevalent in obese individuals undergoing bariatric surgery. OBI is one of the strongest risk factors of NASH in these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Raimondo
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Italy.,Unit of Clinical and Molecular Hepatology, University Hospital of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Carlo Saitta
- Unit of Clinical and Molecular Hepatology, University Hospital of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Daniele Lombardo
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Pablo J Giraudi
- Italian Liver Foundation, Liver Study Centre, Trieste, Italy
| | - Natalia Rosso
- Italian Liver Foundation, Liver Study Centre, Trieste, Italy
| | - Antonio Ieni
- Department of Human Pathology, University of Messina, Messina, Italy.,Unit of Pathology, University Hospital of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Salvatore Lazzara
- Department of Human Pathology, University of Messina, Messina, Italy.,Unit of Oncological Surgery, University Hospital of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Silvia Palmisano
- Italian Liver Foundation, Liver Study Centre, Trieste, Italy.,Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Deborah Bonazza
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Angela Alibrandi
- Department of Economics, Unit of Statistical and Mathematical Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Navarra
- Department of Human Pathology, University of Messina, Messina, Italy.,Unit of Oncological Surgery, University Hospital of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | | | - Teresa Pollicino
- Unit of Clinical and Molecular Hepatology, University Hospital of Messina, Messina, Italy.,Department of Human Pathology, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
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Chen J, Deng X, Liu Y, Tan Q, Huang G, Che Q, Guo J, Su Z. Kupffer Cells in Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: Friend or Foe? Int J Biol Sci 2020; 16:2367-2378. [PMID: 32760204 PMCID: PMC7378652 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.47143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is increasing all around the world and it may become the primary cause of terminal liver disease in adults and children in the next few decades. However, the pathogenesis of NAFLD is complex, and the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has not approved any drugs for its treatment. Kupffer cells are the key cells regulating immunity in the liver, and the effect of their unique polarization on NAFLD has received increasing attention. Kupffer cells mainly reside in the lumen of hepatic sinusoids and account for 80% to 90% of colonized macrophages in the human body. They are phagocytic cells with the capacity for self-renewal that rarely migrate from their niche in the liver, and play a crucial role in regulating and maintaining homeostasis. Upon liver damage, Kupffer cells will be activated, releasing a good deal of inflammatory cytokines and chemokines. This review summarizes the multiple roles of Kupffer cells in the pathogenesis of NAFLD, the role of infiltrating macrophages in the pathogenesis of NAFLD is also briefly discussed, and aims to provide a theoretical basis for designing an NAFLD treatment strategy with Kupffer cells as the therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiajia Chen
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Natural Products and New Drugs, Guangdong Provincial University Engineering Technology Research Center of Natural Products and Drugs, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China.,Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Centre of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Guangdong TCM Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory of Modulating Liver to Treat Hyperlipemia SATCM, Level 3 Laboratory of Lipid Metabolism SATCM, Institute of Chinese Medicinal Sciences, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Xiaoyi Deng
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Natural Products and New Drugs, Guangdong Provincial University Engineering Technology Research Center of Natural Products and Drugs, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China.,Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Centre of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Guangdong TCM Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory of Modulating Liver to Treat Hyperlipemia SATCM, Level 3 Laboratory of Lipid Metabolism SATCM, Institute of Chinese Medicinal Sciences, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yongjian Liu
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Natural Products and New Drugs, Guangdong Provincial University Engineering Technology Research Center of Natural Products and Drugs, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China.,Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Centre of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Guangdong TCM Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory of Modulating Liver to Treat Hyperlipemia SATCM, Level 3 Laboratory of Lipid Metabolism SATCM, Institute of Chinese Medicinal Sciences, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Qiuhua Tan
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Natural Products and New Drugs, Guangdong Provincial University Engineering Technology Research Center of Natural Products and Drugs, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China.,Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Centre of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Guangdong TCM Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory of Modulating Liver to Treat Hyperlipemia SATCM, Level 3 Laboratory of Lipid Metabolism SATCM, Institute of Chinese Medicinal Sciences, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Guidong Huang
- Department of Pharmacy, Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University; 15# Lequn Road, Guilin, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 54101, China
| | - Qishi Che
- Guangzhou Rainhome Pharm & Tech CO., LTD 5F, No.10 Yongsheng Road, Yonghe Econoic region, Science City, Guangzhou 510663, China
| | - Jiao Guo
- Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Centre of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Guangdong TCM Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory of Modulating Liver to Treat Hyperlipemia SATCM, Level 3 Laboratory of Lipid Metabolism SATCM, Institute of Chinese Medicinal Sciences, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Zhengquan Su
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Natural Products and New Drugs, Guangdong Provincial University Engineering Technology Research Center of Natural Products and Drugs, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
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Zhang YJ, Liu WJ. Association between non-alcoholic fatty liver and acute cerebral infarction: a protocol of systematic review and meta-analysis. Medicine (Baltimore) 2020; 99:e20351. [PMID: 32541457 PMCID: PMC7302642 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000020351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study will systematically synthesize the evidence on the potential association between non-alcoholic fatty liver (NAFL) and acute cerebral infarction (ACI). METHODS We will propose literature search in electronic databases (MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, Scopus, Web of Science, WANGFANG, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure) from the source to March 1, 2020. There are no restrictions related to the language and publication status. Two review authors will separately carry out records selection, data extraction and study quality assessment. Any divisions will be solved by discussion with consulting a third review author. We will use RevMan 5.3 software to perform data analysis. RESULTS The present study will afford additional insight into the investigation the association between NAFL and ACI. CONCLUSION The results of this study will provide helpful evidence to explore the association between NAFL and ACI.Study registration number: INPLASY202040102.
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Niikura T, Imajo K, Ozaki A, Kobayashi T, Iwaki M, Honda Y, Kessoku T, Ogawa Y, Yoneda M, Kirikoshi H, Saito S, Nakajima A. Coronary Artery Disease is More Severe in Patients with Non-Alcoholic Steatohepatitis than Fatty Liver. Diagnostics (Basel) 2020; 10:E129. [PMID: 32111021 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics10030129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Revised: 02/24/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is associated with a higher risk of atherosclerotic disease. However, the relationships between the severity of coronary atherosclerosis and pathologic findings in patients with NAFLD remain unknown. We aimed to characterize the coronary artery lesions in patients with NAFLD using coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA). Overall, 101 patients with liver biopsy-proven NAFLD who had chest pain or electrocardiographic abnormalities underwent CCTA. Coronary artery lesions, including coronary artery stenosis (CAS), calcium score (CACS, Agatston score), and coronary artery non-calcified plaque were assessed using multi-slice CT. Multivariate analysis showed that age, smoking status, prevalence of dyslipidemia (DLP) and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), and stage of fibrosis were independent risk factors for CAS. Age, and the prevalence of DM and DLP, were independent risk factors for CACS, and the prevalence of NASH tended to be an independent risk factor. In addition, the prevalence of DLP and NASH were independent risk factors for non-calcified plaques. Coronary artery lesions are more common in patients with NASH than in those with non-alcoholic fatty liver, suggesting a higher risk in patients with NASH. Therefore, patients with NASH should be closely followed, with particular vigilance for coronary artery diseases.
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Zhang B, Zhang C, Zhang X, Li N, Dong Z, Sun G, Sun X. Atorvastatin promotes AMPK signaling to protect against high fat diet-induced non-alcoholic fatty liver in golden hamsters. Exp Ther Med 2020; 19:2133-2142. [PMID: 32104276 PMCID: PMC7027324 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2020.8465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is characterized by diffuse fatty acid degeneration and excess fat accumulation in the liver. Notably, the currently available medications used to treat NAFLD remain limited. The aim of the present study was to investigate the protective role of atorvastatin (Ato) against NAFLD in golden hamsters fed a high fat diet (HFD) and in HepG2 cells treated with palmitate, and identify the underlying molecular mechanism. Ato (3 mg/kg) was administered orally every day for 8 weeks to the hamsters during HFD administration. Hamsters in the model group developed hepatic steatosis with high serum levels of triglyceride, cholesterol, insulin and C-reactive protein, which were effectively reduced by treatment with Ato. Additionally, the relative liver weight of hamsters treated with Ato was markedly lower compared with that of the model group. Hematoxylin and eosin, and oil red O staining indicated that the livers of the animals in the model group exhibited large and numerous lipid droplets, which were markedly decreased after Ato treatment. Western blot analysis indicated that Ato inhibited fat accumulation in the liver through the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK)-dependent activation of peroxisome proliferator activated receptor α (PPARα), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator 1 α and their target genes. Furthermore, in vitro, Ato inhibited PA-induced lipid accumulation in HepG2 cells. This inhibitory effect was attenuated following Compound C treatment, indicating that AMPK may be a potential target of Ato. In conclusion, the increase in AMPK-mediated PPARα and its target genes may represent a novel molecular mechanism by which Ato prevents NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Zhang
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100193, P.R. China.,Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100193, P.R. China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Discovery of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Natural Medicine) and Translational Medicine, Beijing 100193, P.R. China.,Key Laboratory of Efficacy Evaluation of Chinese Medicine against Glycolipid Metabolism Disorder Disease, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100193, P.R. China
| | - Chenyang Zhang
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100193, P.R. China.,Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100193, P.R. China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Discovery of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Natural Medicine) and Translational Medicine, Beijing 100193, P.R. China.,Key Laboratory of Efficacy Evaluation of Chinese Medicine against Glycolipid Metabolism Disorder Disease, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100193, P.R. China
| | - Xuelian Zhang
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100193, P.R. China.,Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100193, P.R. China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Discovery of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Natural Medicine) and Translational Medicine, Beijing 100193, P.R. China.,Key Laboratory of Efficacy Evaluation of Chinese Medicine against Glycolipid Metabolism Disorder Disease, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100193, P.R. China
| | - Nannan Li
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100193, P.R. China
| | - Zhengqi Dong
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100193, P.R. China
| | - Guibo Sun
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100193, P.R. China.,Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100193, P.R. China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Discovery of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Natural Medicine) and Translational Medicine, Beijing 100193, P.R. China.,Key Laboratory of Efficacy Evaluation of Chinese Medicine against Glycolipid Metabolism Disorder Disease, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100193, P.R. China
| | - Xiaobo Sun
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100193, P.R. China.,Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100193, P.R. China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Discovery of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Natural Medicine) and Translational Medicine, Beijing 100193, P.R. China.,Key Laboratory of Efficacy Evaluation of Chinese Medicine against Glycolipid Metabolism Disorder Disease, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100193, P.R. China
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Merino B, Fernández-Díaz CM, Cózar-Castellano I, Perdomo G. Intestinal Fructose and Glucose Metabolism in Health and Disease. Nutrients 2019; 12:E94. [PMID: 31905727 DOI: 10.3390/nu12010094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2019] [Revised: 12/26/2019] [Accepted: 12/26/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The worldwide epidemics of obesity and diabetes have been linked to increased sugar consumption in humans. Here, we review fructose and glucose metabolism, as well as potential molecular mechanisms by which excessive sugar consumption is associated to metabolic diseases and insulin resistance in humans. To this end, we focus on understanding molecular and cellular mechanisms of fructose and glucose transport and sensing in the intestine, the intracellular signaling effects of dietary sugar metabolism, and its impact on glucose homeostasis in health and disease. Finally, the peripheral and central effects of dietary sugars on the gut–brain axis will be reviewed.
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63
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Mirhafez SR, Rezai A, Dehabeh M, Nobakht M Gh BF, Bidkhori M, Sahebkar A, Hariri M. Efficacy of phytosomal curcumin among patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. INT J VITAM NUTR RES 2019; 91:278-286. [PMID: 31818232 DOI: 10.1024/0300-9831/a000629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Scientists proposed that curcumin could be used for treatment of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). In this article, we aimed to identify the effect of curcumin on NAFLD improvement. Fifty patients with NAFLD, were divided into two groups in this randomized, double-blind, and controlled clinical trial. Patients in the curcumin group received 250 mg/day of phytosomal curcumin, while those in the control group received 250 mg/day of placebo for duration of eight weeks. Anthropometric measurements and fasting blood samples were taken once at the baseline and once at the end of the study. Analysis was performed on 45 patients (curcumin group n = 22, placebo group n = 22). According to between groups analysis, curcumin significantly reduced the carboxymethyl lisine (CML) (148 ± 108 ng/mL vs 197 ± 101 ng/mL, P = 0.04), 8-hydroxy-2' -deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) (46.9 ± 31.1 ng/mL vs 52.1 ± 43.1 ng/mL P = 0.03), liver enzymes (P < 0.001), weight (P < 0.001), waist circumference (P < 0.001), body fat percent (P < 0.01), and body mass index (BMI) (P < 0.01) in comparison with placebo. However, curcumin supplementation compared to placebo did not reduce soluble receptors for advanced glycation end products (sRAGE), hip circumference, waist/hip, and fat free mass by the end of the study. Our study indicated that phytosamal curcumin might be able to reduce the NAFLD progress by reducing the anthropometric measures, AGEs, and DNA damage. However, we need more studies with longer intervention duration, and larger sample size.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyed Reza Mirhafez
- Noncommunicable Diseases Research Center, Neyshabur University of Medical Sciences, Neyshabur, Iran
| | - Azam Rezai
- Noncommunicable Diseases Research Center, Neyshabur University of Medical Sciences, Neyshabur, Iran
| | - Maryam Dehabeh
- Noncommunicable Diseases Research Center, Neyshabur University of Medical Sciences, Neyshabur, Iran
| | - B Fatemeh Nobakht M Gh
- Noncommunicable Diseases Research Center, Neyshabur University of Medical Sciences, Neyshabur, Iran
| | - Mohammad Bidkhori
- Noncommunicable Diseases Research Center, Neyshabur University of Medical Sciences, Neyshabur, Iran
| | - Amirhosein Sahebkar
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mitra Hariri
- Noncommunicable Diseases Research Center, Neyshabur University of Medical Sciences, Neyshabur, Iran
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van den Berg EH, Gruppen EG, Blokzijl H, Bakker SJ, Dullaart RP. Higher Sodium Intake Assessed by 24 Hour Urinary Sodium Excretion Is Associated with Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: The PREVEND Cohort Study. J Clin Med 2019; 8:jcm8122157. [PMID: 31817623 PMCID: PMC6947413 DOI: 10.3390/jcm8122157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Revised: 11/30/2019] [Accepted: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
A higher sodium intake is conceivably associated with insulin resistant conditions like obesity, but associations of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) with a higher sodium intake determined by 24 hours (24 h) urine collections are still unclear. Dietary sodium intake was measured by sodium excretion in two complete consecutive 24 h urine collections in 6132 participants of the Prevention of Renal and Vascular End-Stage Disease (PREVEND) cohort. Fatty Liver Index (FLI) ≥60 and Hepatic Steatosis Index (HSI) >36 were used as proxies of suspected NAFLD. 1936 (31.6%) participants had an FLI ≥60, coinciding with the increased prevalence of type 2 diabetes (T2D), metabolic syndrome, hypertension and history of cardiovascular disease. Sodium intake was higher in participants with an FLI ≥60 (163.63 ± 61.81 mmol/24 h vs. 136.76 ± 50.90 mmol/24 h, p < 0.001), with increasing incidence in ascending quartile categories of sodium intake (p < 0.001). Multivariably, an FLI ≥60 was positively associated with a higher sodium intake when taking account for T2D, a positive cardiovascular history, hypertension, alcohol intake, smoking and medication use (odds ratio (OR) 1.54, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.44–1.64, p < 0.001). Additional adjustment for the Homeostasis Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR) diminished this association (OR 1.30, 95% CI 1.21–1.41, p < 0.001). HSI >36 showed similar results. Associations remained essentially unaltered after adjustment for body surface area or waist/hip ratio. In conclusion, suspected NAFLD is a feature of higher sodium intake. Insulin resistance-related processes may contribute to the association of NAFLD with sodium intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eline H. van den Berg
- Department of Endocrinology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, 9700RB Groningen, The Netherlands; (E.G.G.)
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, 9700RB Groningen, The Netherlands;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +31-50-3616161
| | - Eke G. Gruppen
- Department of Endocrinology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, 9700RB Groningen, The Netherlands; (E.G.G.)
- Department of Nephrology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, 9700RB Groningen, The Netherlands;
| | - Hans Blokzijl
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, 9700RB Groningen, The Netherlands;
| | - Stephan J.L. Bakker
- Department of Nephrology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, 9700RB Groningen, The Netherlands;
| | - Robin P.F. Dullaart
- Department of Endocrinology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, 9700RB Groningen, The Netherlands; (E.G.G.)
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Magdaleno-Tapial J, Valenzuela-Oñate C, Ortiz-Salvador JM, Martínez-Doménech Á, García-Legaz-Martínez M, Alonso-Carpio M, Tamarit-García JJ, Diago-Madrid M, Sánchez-Carazo JL, Pérez-Ferriols A. Prevalence of non-alcoholic fatty liver and liver fibrosis in patients with moderate-severe psoriasis: A cross-sectional cohort study. Australas J Dermatol 2019; 61:105-109. [PMID: 31731325 DOI: 10.1111/ajd.13175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES Several studies have reported that non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is more frequent in patients with psoriasis, but few have reviewed the presence of liver fibrosis in those patients. METHODS Cross-sectional cohort, single-centre study, continuously selecting all patients with moderate-severe psoriasis seen at the Psoriasis Unit of a Tertiary Hospital. The grade of liver steatosis was assessed using liver ultrasound, and the quantity of liver fibrosis was graded using a transitional vibration-controlled elastography (Fibroscan®). RESULTS A total of 71 patients (66.2% male) were included, with an average age of 46.6 years old. The maximum historical PASI average was 14.4 while the baseline PASI average at the time of the study was 2. A third (36%) of patients met the criteria for metabolic syndrome 52% of patients had steatosis; being male, having metabolic syndrome comorbidities, elevated AST/ALT enzymes, dyslipidemia and high initial PASI were significantly related. 14% of patients had moderate liver fibrosis (≥7.6 KPa). In 30% of them, no ultrasound liver steatosis was observed. CONCLUSIONS Elastography may be a useful tool along with ultrasound to evaluate liver disease in patients with psoriasis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Miriam Alonso-Carpio
- Department of Dermatology, Hospital General Universitario de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | | | - Moisés Diago-Madrid
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Hospital General Universitario de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | | | - Amparo Pérez-Ferriols
- Department of Dermatology, Hospital General Universitario de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
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66
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A Mohamed D, S Abdelgayed S, A Essa H, S Mohamed R. Preparation and Evaluation of Functional Foods for Prevention of Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. Pak J Biol Sci 2019; 21:454-462. [PMID: 30724047 DOI: 10.3923/pjbs.2018.454.462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a public health problem presenting one of the most important common forms of liver diseases worldwide. This study was carried out to investigate the protective effect of two functional foods in form of bread containing purslane seeds meal and garden cress seeds against NAFLD. MATERIALS AND METHODS High fat and high cholesterol diet were used for induction of NAFLD in rats for 6 weeks. Plasma lipid profile (total cholesterol, triglycerides, high density lipoprotein-cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol, hepatic lipid profile (total fat, cholesterol, triglycerides), malondialdehyde (MDA), as well as liver (AST, ALT, total and direct bilirubin) and kidney (creatinine and urea) functions were assessed. Histological examination of liver tissue was carried out. RESULTS Results revealed that significant elevation in plasma and liver lipid profiles, MDA, liver enzymes (AST and ALT), bilirubin (total and direct) and kidney function (creatinine and urea) were observed in NAFLD control compared to normal control. Feeding rats on diet containing functional food I and II (purslane and garden cress bread, respectively) showed significant improvement in all the studied parameters with remarkable effect regards to functional food I (purslane bread). CONCLUSION Purslane bread and garden cress bread as functional foods prepared in the present study prevent weight gain, improve plasma lipid profile and prevent hepatic lipid accumulation effectively in NAFLD model in rats. Also decreased lipid peroxidation, improve liver and kidney functions and possess hypoglycemic effect. Purslane bread was superior in the prevention of hepatic lipid accumulation.
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67
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Hamid H, Zhang JY, Li WX, Liu C, Li ML, Zhao LH, Ji C, Ma QG. Interactions between the cecal microbiota and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis using laying hens as the model. Poult Sci 2019; 98:2509-2521. [PMID: 30690636 DOI: 10.3382/ps/pey596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2018] [Accepted: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic liver disease has caused increasing numbers of deaths worldwide. Fatty liver hemorrhagic syndrome, one of the chronic liver diseases in laying hens, has great similarity to non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in humans. It is characterized by the pathological accumulation of liver fat. Non-invasive techniques are needed for early identification of fibrosis. As primary de novo lipogenesis in the liver of chicken is similar to that of humans, mature chicken is an ideal animal model for the understanding of NAFLD. This study was aimed to evaluate the relationships between gut microbiota and natural chronic liver disease (i.e., non-alcoholic steatohepatitis [NASH] and fibrosis stages) in a well-characterized laying hen population. One hundred 20-wk-old Hy-Line Brown laying hens were used and fed with basal diets until 52 wk of age. At the end of the experiment, birds were killed for sampling blood, liver, and cecal contents, and then classified by liver histology measurement into different groups. We investigated microbial community structure of cecum using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Subjects in stage 0 fibrosis without NASH were classified as low NAFLD (Group A), subjects in stage 1-2 fibrosis with mild to moderate NASH were defined as low NASH (Group B), and subjects in stage 3 fibrosis were defined as severe NASH (Group C). The abundance of Firmicutes was reduced in Groups B and C (P < 0.001), whereas opposite results were observed for the abundance of Bacteroidetes. Additionally, the families Bacteroidaceae, Ruminococcaceae Lachnospiraceae, and lactobacillae were significantly different between groups of differing fibrosis stages (P < 0.001), driven entirely by alterations of Bacteroides and lactobacillus and lachnospiraceae genera (P < 0.001), were observed. Results indicated that cecal dysbiosis was linked with the severity of fibrosis and NASH; importantly, increased levels of serum AST, alkaline phosphatase, and uric acid were accompanied with liver fibrosis and NASH severity. Collectively, these data highlight the role of gut-liver axis and associations between the gut microbiota and fibrosis and NASH severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Hamid
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, P. R. China
| | - J Y Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, P. R. China.,Key Laboratory of Biomass Energy and Materials of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing 210042, China
| | - W X Li
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, P. R. China
| | - C Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, P. R. China
| | - M L Li
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, P. R. China
| | - L H Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, P. R. China
| | - C Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, P. R. China
| | - Q G Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, P. R. China
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Sun J, Li Y, Sun X, Liu Y, Zheng D, Fan L. Association between abdominal obesity and liver steatosis and fibrosis among patients with chronic hepatitis B measured by Fibroscan. Exp Ther Med 2019; 18:1891-1898. [PMID: 31410151 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2019.7727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2018] [Accepted: 04/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The present cross-sectional study aimed to assess hepatic fibrosis in chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients with abdominal obesity and to explore the associated indicators. A total of 615 CHB patients were enrolled and 287 of them had abdominal obesity. The liver stiffness value was measured using Fibroscan. The diagnosis of liver fibrosis was confirmed by a liver stiffness value of >7.4 kPa, and a value of >10.6 kPa was considered to indicate advanced liver fibrosis. The Fibroscan results suggested that the liver stiffness value in patients with abdominal obesity was significantly higher than that in patients without abdominal obesity (9.94±11.59 vs. 7.47±7.58 kPa; P=0.002). The proportions of patients with liver fibrosis and advanced liver fibrosis among patients with abdominal obesity were significantly higher than those among patients without abdominal obesity (P=0.011). Multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated that a high aspartate aminotransferase (AST) level [odds ratio (OR)=2.991; P<0.001], smoking (OR=2.002; P=0.019) and diabetes mellitus (OR=2.047; P=0.029) were independent indicators for liver fibrosis in CHB patients with abdominal obesity. Furthermore, a high AST level (OR=1.024; P<0.001), alcohol consumption (OR=1.994; P=0.032) and diabetes mellitus (OR=1.977; P=0.045) were independent indicators for advanced hepatic fibrosis. The indicators associated with liver steatosis included high body weight (OR=1.113; P<0.001) and high diastolic blood pressure (OR=1.079; P=0.002). In conclusion, the present study indicated that abdominal obesity significantly exacerbates liver fibrosis in CHB patients. For CHB patients with abdominal obesity and a risk of developing liver fibrosis, priority screening and timely intervention should be provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Sun
- Department of Hepatology, Yantai Infectious Disease Hospital, Yantai, Shandong 264000, P.R. China
| | - Yanfang Li
- Department of Hepatology, Yantai Infectious Disease Hospital, Yantai, Shandong 264000, P.R. China
| | - Xuying Sun
- Department of Hepatology, Yantai Infectious Disease Hospital, Yantai, Shandong 264000, P.R. China
| | - Youde Liu
- Department of Hepatology, Yantai Infectious Disease Hospital, Yantai, Shandong 264000, P.R. China
| | - Danxia Zheng
- Department of Gastroenterology, Jining First People's Hospital, Jining, Shandong 272000, P.R. China
| | - Lijuan Fan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Jining First People's Hospital, Jining, Shandong 272000, P.R. China
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Preuss C, Jelenik T, Bódis K, Müssig K, Burkart V, Szendroedi J, Roden M, Markgraf DF. A New Targeted Lipidomics Approach Reveals Lipid Droplets in Liver, Muscle and Heart as a Repository for Diacylglycerol and Ceramide Species in Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver. Cells 2019; 8:cells8030277. [PMID: 30909521 PMCID: PMC6468791 DOI: 10.3390/cells8030277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Revised: 03/14/2019] [Accepted: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is frequently associated with excessive accumulation of lipids in ectopic tissue and presents a major risk factor for type 2 diabetes (T2D) and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Diacylglycerols (DAGs) and ceramides (CERs) were identified as key players in lipid-induced insulin resistance, typical for such diseases. Recent results suggest that the subcellular distribution of these lipids affects their lipotoxic properties. However, the subcellular dynamics of these lipids and the role of lipid droplets (LDs) as a potential storage site is not understood. Here, we developed a liquid chromatography triple quadrupole mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS)-method for the rapid and simultaneous quantification of DAG and CER species in tissue sample fractions. The assay is characterized by excellent recovery of analytes, limit of quantification, accuracy and precision. We established a fractionation protocol that allows the separation of subcellular tissue fractions. This method was subsequently tested to measure the concentration of DAGs and CERs in subcellular fractions of human muscle and several mouse tissues. In a mouse model of NAFLD, application of this method revealed a prominent role for LDs as repository for lipotoxic DAG and CER species. In conclusion, the new method proved as a valuable tool to analyse the subcellular dynamics of lipotoxins, related to the pathogenesis of insulin resistance, T2D and NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Preuss
- Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, c/o Auf'm Hennekamp 65, D-40225 Düsseldorf, Germany.
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD e.V.), München, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany.
| | - Tomas Jelenik
- Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, c/o Auf'm Hennekamp 65, D-40225 Düsseldorf, Germany.
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD e.V.), München, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany.
| | - Kálmán Bódis
- Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, c/o Auf'm Hennekamp 65, D-40225 Düsseldorf, Germany.
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD e.V.), München, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany.
| | - Karsten Müssig
- Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, c/o Auf'm Hennekamp 65, D-40225 Düsseldorf, Germany.
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD e.V.), München, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany.
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University, D-40225, Düsseldorf, Germany.
| | - Volker Burkart
- Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, c/o Auf'm Hennekamp 65, D-40225 Düsseldorf, Germany.
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD e.V.), München, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany.
| | - Julia Szendroedi
- Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, c/o Auf'm Hennekamp 65, D-40225 Düsseldorf, Germany.
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD e.V.), München, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany.
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University, D-40225, Düsseldorf, Germany.
| | - Michael Roden
- Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, c/o Auf'm Hennekamp 65, D-40225 Düsseldorf, Germany.
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD e.V.), München, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany.
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University, D-40225, Düsseldorf, Germany.
| | - Daniel F Markgraf
- Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, c/o Auf'm Hennekamp 65, D-40225 Düsseldorf, Germany.
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD e.V.), München, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany.
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70
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Parker HM, Cohn JS, O'Connor HT, Garg ML, Caterson ID, George J, Johnson NA. Effect of Fish Oil Supplementation on Hepatic and Visceral Fat in Overweight Men: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Nutrients 2019; 11:E475. [PMID: 30813440 DOI: 10.3390/nu11020475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Revised: 02/12/2019] [Accepted: 02/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Being overweight increases the risk of the development of metabolic conditions such as non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), which is itself an independent predictor of cardiovascular disease. Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) supplementation is recommended for prevention of chronic disease, and is thought to reduce raised liver fat, yet there have been few randomized controlled trials with accurate measurement of liver fat. We assessed the effect of 12 weeks of supplementation with omega-3 PUFA from fish oil versus placebo on quantified liver fat, liver tests, and body composition including visceral adipose tissue (VAT) in a double-blind randomized controlled trial. Fifty apparently healthy overweight men (BMI 25.0–29.9 kg/m2; waist > 94 cm) were randomly allocated to consume fish oil (total daily dose: 1728 mg marine triglycerides, of which 588 mg EPA and 412 mg DHA, combined with 200 mg antioxidant, coenzyme Q10) or placebo (olive oil capsules) daily for 12 weeks. Liver fat was assessed using proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy. All outcomes were assessed at baseline and following 6 and 12 weeks of supplementation. Baseline liver fat was 4.6 ± 0.5% (range: 0.6 to 18.2%); 16 (32%) participants met the criteria for NAFLD (>5.5% liver fat). Repeated measures ANOVA revealed no significant time or group × time effect for fish oil versus placebo for liver fat, liver enzymes, anthropometry, or body composition including VAT (p > 0.05 for all), with similar finding for sub-analysis of participants with NAFLD. Omega-3 PUFA did not appear to be an effective agent for reducing liver fat in overweight men. The factors determining the health benefits of omega-3 PUFA supplementation on an individual level need to be clarified.
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71
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Caussy C, Hsu C, Singh S, Bassirian S, Kolar J, Faulkner C, Sinha N, Bettencourt R, Gara N, Valasek MA, Schnabl B, Richards L, Brenner DA, Hofmann AF, Loomba R. Serum bile acid patterns are associated with the presence of NAFLD in twins, and dose-dependent changes with increase in fibrosis stage in patients with biopsy-proven NAFLD. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2019; 49:183-193. [PMID: 30506692 PMCID: PMC6319963 DOI: 10.1111/apt.15035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2018] [Revised: 08/16/2018] [Accepted: 10/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The fasting-state serum bile acid profile in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has been reported to differ when nonalcoholic steatohepatitis is compared to nonalcoholic fatty liver. However, there are few data comparing changes in NAFLD vs non-NAFLD, or whether the bile acid profile differs according to the degree of fibrosis. AIM To examine the serum bile acid profile across the entire spectrum of NAFLD. METHODS We performed a cross-sectional analysis of two complementary cohorts: a Twin and Family cohort of 156 participants, and a biopsy-proven-NAFLD cohort of 156 participants with fasting bile acid profiling using liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry. RESULTS In the Twin and Family cohort (mean age 46.3 years and body mass index (BMI) 26.6 kg/m2 ), 36 (23%) participants had NAFLD (magnetic resonance imaging proton density fat fraction ≥ 5%). Higher chenodeoxycholyl conjugates (9.0% vs 6.5%, P = 0.019) and lower glycohyocholate (1.2% vs 3.6%, P < 0.001) were observed in NAFLD compared to non-NAFLD-controls. In the biopsy-proven-NAFLD cohort (mean age 49.8 years, BMI 32.0 kg/m2 ), no differences in total bile acid were seen between nonalcoholic fatty liver vs nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. The total unconjugated bile acid significantly decreased across nonalcoholic steatohepatitis categories (P = 0.044). The distribution of stage of fibrosis was F0: 42.3%, F1: 32.7%, F2: 10.3%, F3: 8.3% and F4: 6.4%. The total serum bile acid increased with increase in fibrosis stage (P < 0.001). The primary conjugated bile acid proportion increased (P < 0.001) whereas unconjugated bile acid (P = 0.006), unconjugated cholyl (P < 0.001) and chenodeoxycholyl conjugates (P < 0.002) significantly decreased with increase in liver fibrosis stage. CONCLUSIONS Fasting-state serum bile acid profile alterations are seen across the entire spectrum of NAFLD. The total serum bile acids did not differ significantly between NAFLD vs non-NAFLD and nonalcoholic fatty liver vs nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, but were significantly perturbed progressively as liver fibrosis increases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cyrielle Caussy
- NAFLD Research Center, Department of Medicine, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, California,Université Lyon 1, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Cynthia Hsu
- NAFLD Research Center, Department of Medicine, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Seema Singh
- NAFLD Research Center, Department of Medicine, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Shirin Bassirian
- NAFLD Research Center, Department of Medicine, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - James Kolar
- NAFLD Research Center, Department of Medicine, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Claire Faulkner
- NAFLD Research Center, Department of Medicine, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Nikhil Sinha
- NAFLD Research Center, Department of Medicine, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Ricki Bettencourt
- NAFLD Research Center, Department of Medicine, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, California,Division of Epidemiology, Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Naveen Gara
- Department of Pathology, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Mark A. Valasek
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, La Jolla, California
| | - Bernd Schnabl
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, La Jolla, California
| | - Lisa Richards
- NAFLD Research Center, Department of Medicine, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - David A. Brenner
- NAFLD Research Center, Department of Medicine, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, California,Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, La Jolla, California
| | - Alan F. Hofmann
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, La Jolla, California
| | - Rohit Loomba
- NAFLD Research Center, Department of Medicine, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, California,Division of Epidemiology, Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, California,Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, La Jolla, California
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72
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Zhang L, Yao Z, Ji G. Herbal Extracts and Natural Products in Alleviating Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease via Activating Autophagy. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:1459. [PMID: 30618753 PMCID: PMC6297257 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.01459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2018] [Accepted: 11/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common form of chronic liver disease world-wide, and currently therapeutic options for NAFLD are limited. Herbal medicine (HM) may offer an attractive alternative for the treatment of NAFLD. Recent years have witnessed a growing interest in the autophagy-inducing agents, and autophagy activation has been recognized as an efficient strategy in managing NAFLD and related complications. Pharmacological studies have demonstrated certain potential of HM extracts and natural products in inducing autophagy, which might contribute to the efficacy of HM in preventing and treating NAFLD. This review aims to summarize current understanding of mechanisms of HM extracts and natural products in preventing and treating NAFLD. Specially, we focused on mechanisms by which autophagy can target the main pathogenesis events associated with NAFLD, including hepatic steatosis, inflammation, oxidative stress, and apoptosis. It is hoped that this brief review can provide a general understanding of HM extracts and natural products in treating NAFLD, and raise awareness of potential clinical application of HM in general.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Zhang
- Institute of Digestive Diseases, China-Canada Center of Research for Digestive Diseases, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zemin Yao
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Guang Ji
- Institute of Digestive Diseases, China-Canada Center of Research for Digestive Diseases, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
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73
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Wang F, Zhang L, Wu S, Li W, Sun M, Feng W, Ding D, Yeung-Shan Wong S, Zhu P, Evans GJ, Wing YK, Zhang J, Vlaanderen JJ, Vermeulen RCH, Zhang Y, Chan EYY, Li Z, Tse LA. Night shift work and abnormal liver function: is non-alcohol fatty liver a necessary mediator? Occup Environ Med 2018; 76:83-89. [PMID: 30514747 DOI: 10.1136/oemed-2018-105273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2018] [Revised: 11/08/2018] [Accepted: 11/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Accumulated evidence implies that night shift work may trigger liver dysfunction. Non-alcoholic fatty liver (NAFL) is suggested to be a necessary mediator in this process. This study aimed to examine the relationship between night shift work and elevated level of alanine transaminase (e-ALT) of workers and investigate the potential mediation effect of NAFL. METHODS This study included all male workers from the baseline survey of a cohort of night shift workers. Information on demographics, lifestyle and lifetime working schedule was collected by face-to-face interview. Liver sonography was used to identify NAFL cases. Serum ALT level was detected by an automatic biochemical analyser. e-ALT was defined as ALT >40 U/L. Logistic regression models were used to evaluate ORs, and mediation analysis was employed to examine the mediation effect. RESULTS Among 4740 male workers, 39.5% were night shift workers. Night shift workers had an increased risk of e-ALT (OR, 1.19, 95% CI 1.00 to 1.42). With the increase in night shift years, the OR of e-ALT increased from 1.03 (95% CI 0.77 to 1.36) to 1.60 (95% CI 1.08 to 2.39) among workers without NAFL. A similar trend was not found among workers with NAFL. In addition, no significant mediation effect of NAFL in the association between night shift work and e-ALT was found. CONCLUSIONS Night shift work is positively associated with abnormal liver function, in particular among workers without NAFL. Shift work involving circadian disruption is likely to exert a direct effect on liver dysfunction rather than rely on the mediation effect of NAFL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Wang
- JC School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,CUHK Centre for Public Health and Primary Care (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Research Institute of the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Liuzhuo Zhang
- Institute of Occupational Medicine, Shenzhen Prevention and Treatment Center for Occupational Diseases, Shenzhen, China
| | - Suyang Wu
- JC School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Wentao Li
- JC School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Miaomiao Sun
- JC School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Wenting Feng
- Institute of Occupational Medicine, Shenzhen Prevention and Treatment Center for Occupational Diseases, Shenzhen, China
| | - Ding Ding
- Institute of Neurology, National Clinical Research Center for Aging Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Samuel Yeung-Shan Wong
- JC School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Peng Zhu
- Hepatic Surgery Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Greg J Evans
- Occupational and Environmental Health Division, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Yun Kwok Wing
- Department of Psychiatry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jihui Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jelle J Vlaanderen
- Environmental Epidemiology, Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences (IRAS), Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Roel C H Vermeulen
- Environmental Epidemiology, Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences (IRAS), Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Yanfang Zhang
- Institute of Occupational Medicine, Shenzhen Prevention and Treatment Center for Occupational Diseases, Shenzhen, China
| | - Emily Ying-Yang Chan
- JC School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Zhimin Li
- Institute of Occupational Medicine, Shenzhen Prevention and Treatment Center for Occupational Diseases, Shenzhen, China
| | - Lap Ah Tse
- JC School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,CUHK Centre for Public Health and Primary Care (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Research Institute of the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,Shenzhen Municipal Key Laboratory for Health Risk Analysis, Shenzhen Research Institute of the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China
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Guruvaiah P, Guo H, Li D, Xie Z. Preventive Effect of Flavonol Derivatives Abundant Sanglan Tea on Long-Term High-Fat-Diet-Induced Obesity Complications in C57BL/6 Mice. Nutrients 2018; 10:nu10091276. [PMID: 30201876 PMCID: PMC6164069 DOI: 10.3390/nu10091276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2018] [Revised: 08/31/2018] [Accepted: 09/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Sanglan Tea (SLT) is a Chinese medicine-based formulation that is consumed as a health drink for the effective management of obesity-associated complications. However, its chemical components and mechanism of action in the prevention of hepatic steatosis and obesity-related impairments have been uncertain. In this study, we aimed to unveil the chemical profile of SLT and to explore its preventive mechanism in high-fat-diet-induced non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and obesity-related consequences in C57BL/6 mice. Ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC) coupled to a quadrupole-orbitrap high-resolution mass spectrometry (MS) analysis of SLT indicated that analogs of quercetin and kaempferol are major compounds of flavonoids in SLT. A dietary supplement of SLT efficiently managed the blood glucose elevation, retained the serum total cholesterol (TC), LDL-cholesterol (LDL-C), and triglyceride (TG) levels, as well as aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) activity, and reduced the fat storage in the liver induced by a high-fat diet. The underlying mechanism of this preventive effect is hypothesized to be related to the inhibition of over-expression of lipogenesis and adipogenesis-related genes. Overall, this study suggests that SLT, being rich in quercetin and kaempferol analogs, could be a potential food supplement for the prevention of high-fat-diet-induced NAFLD and obesity-related complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ponmari Guruvaiah
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, School of Tea and Food Sciences and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China.
| | - Huimin Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, School of Tea and Food Sciences and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China.
| | - Daxiang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, School of Tea and Food Sciences and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China.
| | - Zhongwen Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, School of Tea and Food Sciences and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China.
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Ghodsbin F, Javanmardifard S, Javad Kaviani M, Jahanbin I. Effect of tele-nursing in the improving of the ultrasound findings in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver diseases: A Randomized Clinical Trial study. Invest Educ Enferm 2018; 36:e09. [PMID: 31083855 DOI: 10.17533/udea.iee.v36n3e09] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2018] [Accepted: 09/19/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To establish the effect of tele-nursing in the improving of the ultrasound findings in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. METHODS In this clinical trial, 60 patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver referring to specialized gastroenterology clinics affiliated to Shiraz University of Medical Sciences (Iran) were selected were randomly assigned to control or intervention group. All patients received necessary trainings on diet and physical activity. The subjects in the intervention group were followed up via phone by nurses for 12 weeks (twice a week during the first month and once a week during the following two months). The control group participants did not receive any interventions and were only followed up as usual by a specialist. Before and after the intervention, the liver size and histological status of their liver were examined using ultrasound in all the participants. RESULTS After 12 weeks of start of the study, the mean of liver size decreased in the group followed up via phone by a nurse (13.15±1.22 cm to 12.90±1.16 cm, p=0.013), but this did not change significantly in the control group (12.55±1.56 cm to 12.56±1.57 cm, p=0.326). The greater difference in the mean liver size between the evaluations was in the intervention group with 0.26±0.53 cm versus -0.003±0.018 cm in the control group (p=0.012). Additionally, the fatty infiltration status of the liver tissue improves in the 66.6% of the intervention group versus 6.6% in the control group (p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS In the hospitalization services, nurses care for patients but without being with them. Nurses during their daily work transformed their caregiver role to adapt to diverse demands from the contexts, especially the institutional context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fariba Ghodsbin
- Community Based psychiatric care Research Center, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran,
| | - Sorur Javanmardifard
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran,
| | - Mohamad Javad Kaviani
- Gastroenterohepatology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran,
| | - Iran Jahanbin
- Community Based psychiatric care Research Center, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran,
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Barchuk M, Schreier L, Berg G, Miksztowicz V. Metalloproteinases in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and their behavior in liver fibrosis. Horm Mol Biol Clin Investig 2018; 41:/j/hmbci.ahead-of-print/hmbci-2018-0037/hmbci-2018-0037.xml. [PMID: 30171810 DOI: 10.1515/hmbci-2018-0037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Accepted: 07/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a clinical entity of high prevalence in the world characterized by fatty infiltration of liver tissue in the absence of alcohol consumption. The natural history of the disease develops in successive phases reflected in different histological stages, with 10-20% of patients developing liver cirrhosis and fibrosis. Fibrosis is a basic connective tissue lesion defined by the increase of the fibrillary extracellular matrix (ECM) components in a tissue or organ. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) constitute a family of endopeptidases, which are involved in ECM and basement membranes components degradation. Fibrogenic process is characterized by altered ECM composition, associated with modifications in MMPs behavior. The active cross-talk between adipose tissue and liver can be altered in pathologies associated to insulin resistance (IR), such as NAFLD. The role of adipokines on MMPs behavior in the liver could be partly responsible of liver damage during IR. The aim of this revision is to describe the behavior of MMPs in NAFLD and its role in the associated fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magalí Barchuk
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Cátedra de Bioquímica Clínica I, Laboratorio de Lípidos y Aterosclerosis, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Instituto de Fisiopatología y Bioquímica Clínica (INFIBIOC), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Laura Schreier
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Cátedra de Bioquímica Clínica I, Laboratorio de Lípidos y Aterosclerosis, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Instituto de Fisiopatología y Bioquímica Clínica (INFIBIOC), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Gabriela Berg
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Instituto de Fisiopatología y Bioquímica Clínica (INFIBIOC), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, CONICET, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Cátedra de Bioquímica Clínica I, Laboratorio de Lípidos y Aterosclerosis, Junin 956, Buenos Aires, Argentina, Phone: +5411-4964-8297, Fax: +5411-5950-8692
| | - Verónica Miksztowicz
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Cátedra de Bioquímica Clínica I, Laboratorio de Lípidos y Aterosclerosis, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Instituto de Fisiopatología y Bioquímica Clínica (INFIBIOC), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, CONICET, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Chen X, Xu Y, Zhao D, Chen T, Gu C, Yu G, Chen K, Zhong Y, He J, Liu S, Nie Y, Yang H. LncRNA-AK012226 Is Involved in Fat Accumulation in db/db Mice Fatty Liver and Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Cell Model. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:888. [PMID: 30135656 PMCID: PMC6092710 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.00888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2017] [Accepted: 07/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Instances of obesity and related metabolic abnormalities are increasing across the world. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a common disorder in obese people and is becoming the leading cause of hepatocellular carcinoma. Recently, long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been proven to play remarkable roles in numerous biological processes and human diseases, including NAFLD. However, the function of lncRNA in NAFLD pathogenesis remains largely unknown. The aim of this study was to explore the lncRNA expression profile in NAFLD mice and to identify novel lncRNAs involved in the pathogenesis of NAFLD. We performed microarray analysis to compare the expression profiles of lncRNAs and mRNAs in the liver of diabetic db/db mice with NAFLD and normal mice. A total of 3360 lncRNAs (2048 up-regulated and 1312 down-regulated) and 2685 mRNAs (1195 up-regulated and 1490 down-regulated) were found to be differentially expressed between the NAFLD and control groups. Real-time PCR validation of five differentially expressed lncRNAs in the liver samples was consistent with the microarray results. Besides, the up-regulated lncRNA, AK012226, was also significantly increased in an NCTC1469 NAFLD cellular model. Thus, the up-regulated lncRNA, AK012226, was chosen for subsequent studies. A co-expression network of AK012226-mRNAs was constructed and bioinformatic analysis of these co-expressed mRNAs indicated that they were enriched in the PPAR signaling pathway. Furthermore, Nile red staining and flow cytometry analysis revealed that knockdown of AK012226 by siRNA significantly reduced the lipid accumulation in the NCTC1469 cells treated with free fatty acids. In conclusion, the present study identifies the dysregulated lncRNAs and mRNAs involved in NAFLD, and in particular, a novel lncRNA, AK012226, was identified to be associated with lipid accumulation in NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingtian Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Cadre Health Care, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yangzhi Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dan Zhao
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ting Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chengxin Gu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ganxiang Yu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ken Chen
- Department of Cadre Health Care, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yun Zhong
- Guangzhou Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jie He
- Department of Gastroenterology, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shiming Liu
- Guangzhou Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuqiang Nie
- Department of Gastroenterology, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hui Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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78
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Jung S, Son H, Hwang CE, Cho KM, Park SW, Kim HJ. Ganoderma lucidum Ameliorates Non-Alcoholic Steatosis by Upregulating Energy Metabolizing Enzymes in the Liver. J Clin Med 2018; 7:jcm7060152. [PMID: 29914094 PMCID: PMC6025418 DOI: 10.3390/jcm7060152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2018] [Revised: 06/12/2018] [Accepted: 06/13/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic steatosis is a common health problem worldwide due to altered food habits and life styles, and it is intimately linked with various metabolic disorders. In the present study, we investigated the molecular mechanism of Ganoderma lucidum (GL) against the development of non-alcoholic steatosis using in vivo and in vitro settings. C57BL/6 mice fed with normal diet (ND) or high fat diet (HFD) were administered GL extract or vehicle for 16 weeks. HFD feeding increased serum alanine aminotransferase level and hepatic lipid droplet, but these increases were significantly attenuated by GL. GL inhibited the increases in epididymal and perirenal adipose tissue weights and serum cholesterol and LDL levels in HFD-fed mice. Fasting blood glucose levels were elevated in HFD-fed mice compared to ND-fed mice, and glucose and insulin sensitivities were deteriorated. These changes were markedly improved by GL. GL restored the reduction of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) phosphorylation in the liver of HFD-fed mice, and increased AMPK and ACC phosphorylation in HepG2 and 3T3-L1 cells. GL induced GLUT4 protein expression in 3T3-L1 cells. Finally, GL attenuated lipid accumulation induced by free fatty acid in HepG2 cells. Taken together, our results indicate that GL has a potential to improve non-alcoholic steatosis and the associated complicated disorders via the induction of energy metabolizing enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soonwoong Jung
- Bio Anti-Aging Medical Research Center, Department of Anatomy and Convergence Medical Science, Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Jinju 52727, Korea.
| | - Hyeonwi Son
- Bio Anti-Aging Medical Research Center, Department of Anatomy and Convergence Medical Science, Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Jinju 52727, Korea.
| | - Chung Eun Hwang
- Department of Food Science, Gyeongnam National University of Science and Technology, Jinju 52725, Korea.
| | - Kye Man Cho
- Department of Food Science, Gyeongnam National University of Science and Technology, Jinju 52725, Korea.
| | - Sang Won Park
- Bio Anti-aging Medical Research Center, Department of Pharmacology and Convergence Medical Science, Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Jinju 52727, Korea.
| | - Hyun Joon Kim
- Bio Anti-Aging Medical Research Center, Department of Anatomy and Convergence Medical Science, Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Jinju 52727, Korea.
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79
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Huang L, Liu J, Zhang XO, Sibley K, Najjar SM, Lee MM, Wu Q. Inhibition of protein arginine methyltransferase 5 enhances hepatic mitochondrial biogenesis. J Biol Chem 2018; 293:10884-10894. [PMID: 29773653 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra118.002377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Revised: 05/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein arginine methyltransferase 5 (PRMT5) regulates gene expression either transcriptionally by symmetric dimethylation of arginine residues on histones H4R3, H3R8, and H2AR3 or at the posttranslational level by methylation of nonhistone target proteins. Although emerging evidence suggests that PRMT5 functions as an oncogene, its role in metabolic diseases is not well-defined. We investigated the role of PRMT5 in promoting high-fat-induced hepatic steatosis. A high-fat diet up-regulated PRMT5 levels in the liver but not in other metabolically relevant tissues such as skeletal muscle or white and brown adipose tissue. This was associated with repression of master transcription regulators involved in mitochondrial biogenesis. In contrast, lentiviral short hairpin RNA-mediated reduction of PRMT5 significantly decreased phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/AKT signaling in mouse AML12 liver cells. PRMT5 knockdown or knockout decreased basal AKT phosphorylation but boosted the expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα) and PGC-1α with a concomitant increase in mitochondrial biogenesis. Moreover, by overexpressing an exogenous WT or enzyme-dead mutant PRMT5 or by inhibiting PRMT5 enzymatic activity with a small-molecule inhibitor, we demonstrated that the enzymatic activity of PRMT5 is required for regulation of PPARα and PGC-1α expression and mitochondrial biogenesis. Our results suggest that targeting PRMT5 may have therapeutic potential for the treatment of fatty liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Huang
- From the Department of Pediatrics, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts 01655
| | - Jehnan Liu
- the Center for Diabetes and Endocrine Research, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio 43606
| | - Xiao-Ou Zhang
- the Program in Bioinformatics and Integrative Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts 01655
| | - Katelyn Sibley
- the Department of Biochemistry, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, Massachusetts 01609, and
| | - Sonia M Najjar
- the Center for Diabetes and Endocrine Research, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio 43606.,the Department of Biomedical Sciences, Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio 45701
| | - Mary M Lee
- From the Department of Pediatrics, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts 01655,
| | - Qiong Wu
- From the Department of Pediatrics, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts 01655,
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Abstract
Background and aim The non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and its sub-entity, the non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) represent a field of a tremendous progress in recent years. Clinicians need to remain updated with new data on pathogenesis and therapy. The present mini review aims to present some new scientific reports on the diagnosis of NAFLD and NASH for clinical practitioners. Methods A systematic literature search of the main international databases was performed. We looked for seminal and innovative papers published in main international languages. A narrative review of the topic was consequently written. Results This review describes new data on the diagnosis of NAFLD including NASH. Liver punction biopsy remains the gold standard. However many patients and clinicians prefer to use noninvasive methods. We present the serological tests and the imaging methods used to diagnose inflammation and fibrosis occurring in NAFLD and NASH. Conclusions NAFLD-NASH are multifaceted entities that have to be diagnosed and treated by skilled and informed practitioners.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan L Dumitrascu
- Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Manuela G Neuman
- In Vitro Drug Safety and Biotechnology; Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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81
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Hanafi MY, Zaher ELM, El-Adely SEM, Sakr A, Ghobashi AHM, Hemly MH, Kazem AH, Kamel MA. The therapeutic effects of bee venom on some metabolic and antioxidant parameters associated with HFD-induced non-alcoholic fatty liver in rats. Exp Ther Med 2018; 15:5091-5099. [PMID: 29805535 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2018.6028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2017] [Accepted: 03/15/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study was designed to investigate the therapeutic effects of bee venom (BV) on high-fat diet (HFD)-induced non-alcoholic fatty liver (NAFL) in rats at different levels. Histological manifestations, hepatic lipid content, liver function tests, glucose homeostasis, lipid abnormalities, adipocytokines, lipid peroxidation, disturbed glutathione and antioxidant enzymes systems and dysregulation of Nrf2 transcription factor were assessed. In the present study, the NAFL rats were subcutaneously treated with BV with different doses (0.01, 0.05, 0.1 mg/kg). The results indicated that BV treatment completely normalized the lipid profile values of NAFL rats. Fasting blood sugar, insulin level and homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance significantly decreased. BV treated rats showed a significantly lower level of all liver enzymes and bilirubin. Moreover, BV treatment significantly increased the levels of active nuclear erythroid factor 2 like 2, glutathione (GSH) (total and reduced), GSH/glutathione disulphide ratio and activities of glutathione reductase, glutathione-S-transferase and glutathione peroxidase (total and Se-dependent). The level of tumor necrosis factor-α was reduced. Treatment showed correction of adiponectin level, and significant downregulation of hepatic triglycerides and cholesterol. At the histological level, BV improved the architecture of liver cells showing normal sinusoids. It may be concluded that BV may represent an interesting therapeutic alternative for the treatment of NAFL disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mervat Y Hanafi
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical Research Institute, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21561, Egypt
| | - Eman L M Zaher
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical Research Institute, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21561, Egypt
| | - Soha E M El-Adely
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical Research Institute, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21561, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Sakr
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical Research Institute, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21561, Egypt
| | - Ahmed H M Ghobashi
- Department of Genetics, Medical Research Institute, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21561, Egypt
| | - Madiha H Hemly
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical Research Institute, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21561, Egypt
| | - Amani H Kazem
- Department of Pathology, Medical Research Institute, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21561, Egypt
| | - Maher A Kamel
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical Research Institute, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21561, Egypt
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82
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Hartleb M, Barański K, Zejda J, Chudek J, Więcek A. Non-alcoholic fatty liver and advanced fibrosis in the elderly: Results from a community-based Polish survey. Liver Int 2017; 37:1706-1714. [PMID: 28489307 DOI: 10.1111/liv.13471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2016] [Accepted: 04/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Development of non-alcoholic fatty liver (NAFL) is dependent on metabolic factors occurring at an increased frequency with advancing age. Until now, few studies have explored the prevalence of NAFL in aged populations. Our study aimed to determine the prevalence of NAFL and advanced fibrosis in the elderly population participating in a national survey of a community-based elderly cohort. METHODS A total of 3003 participants (mean age 79.6 years, 46.8% male) were enrolled in the study, after applying the following exclusion criteria: individuals younger than 65 years old (n=829) and those with positive serological biomarkers of HBV or HCV infection (n=391), chronic alcohol ingestion (n=727) or incomplete data records (n=745). Based on the fatty liver index (FLI), the participants were classified into three categories: FLI<30 (no NAFL), 30≤FLI<60 (borderline) and FLI≥60 (NAFL). According to the non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) fibrosis score (NFS), the participants were divided into three advanced fibrosis risk categories: NFS<-1.455 (low risk), -1.455≤NFS≤0.676 (intermediate risk) and NFS>0.676 (high risk). RESULTS The prevalence of NAFL in the general population was 37.2%; the prevalence reached 51.4% in participants 65-70 years of age and decreased with advancing age (P<.0001). The prevalence of advanced fibrosis was 7.79% (14.8% in the NAFL population) and increased with advancing age (P<.005). CONCLUSIONS The prevalence of NAFL and metabolically driven advanced fibrosis are relatively common in the elderly population, and these hepatic conditions run in adverse directions with advancing age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marek Hartleb
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, School of Medicine in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Kamil Barański
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Medicine in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Jan Zejda
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Medicine in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Jerzy Chudek
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Andrzej Więcek
- Department of Nephrology, Transplantology and Internal Diseases, School of Medicine in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
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83
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Zhou H, Shi T, Yan J, Chen X, Liao L, Zhao S, Fang H, Zhuang R. Effects of activated carbon N-acetylcysteine sustained-release microcapsule on dipeptidyl peptidase IV expression in young rats with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Exp Ther Med 2017; 14:4737-4744. [PMID: 29201174 PMCID: PMC5704329 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2017.5128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2016] [Accepted: 06/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in children has become the most common liver disease influencing adolescent health and one of the most influencing chronic liver diseases among children in Chinese wealthy families, particularly in coastal regions. However, the medicine available for the treatment of NAFLD is deficient. In order to solve this problem, our team studied the activated carbon N-acetylcysteine (NAC) sustained-release microcapsule, which improves the oxidation resistance, bioavailability and drug stability of acetylcysteine and reduces toxic and side effects. In addition, it accords with the characteristics of medication in infants and children. The present study mainly discusses whether the activated carbon NAC sustained-release microcapsule has effects on dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPPIV) activity and protein in young rats with NAFLD, and whether it has the effect of an DPPIV inhibitor, hoping to provide new thoughts and methods with respect of basic studies on young rats with NAFLD/non-alcoholic steatohepatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongping Zhou
- Department of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Children's Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, P.R. China
| | - Tingting Shi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Preparation, The Xixi Hospital of Hangzhou Affiliated to Zhejiang University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310023, P.R. China
| | - Jun Yan
- Department of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Children's Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, P.R. China
| | - Xiaojin Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Children's Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, P.R. China
| | - Li Liao
- Department of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Children's Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, P.R. China
| | - Shiyong Zhao
- Department of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Children's Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, P.R. China
| | - Hongying Fang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Preparation, The Xixi Hospital of Hangzhou Affiliated to Zhejiang University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310023, P.R. China
| | - Rangxiao Zhuang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Preparation, The Xixi Hospital of Hangzhou Affiliated to Zhejiang University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310023, P.R. China
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84
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Nam HH, Jun DW, Jang K, Saeed WK, Lee JS, Kang HT, Chae YJ. Granulocyte colony stimulating factor treatment in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: beyond marrow cell mobilization. Oncotarget 2017; 8:97965-97976. [PMID: 29228666 PMCID: PMC5716706 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.18967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2016] [Accepted: 06/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Protective effects of granulocyte colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) in acute liver injury via marrow cell mobilization have been reported in several studies. But exact mode of action and optimal protocol of G-CSF has been still doubt in chronic disease. Here we investigated mode of action and optimization of G-CSF as a treatment for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Various doses of conventional G-CSF (30 μg/kg once weekly, once daily for 5 days, twice weekly) and long acting G-CSF (30 μg/kg once a month) were evaluated in two kinds of NAFLD animal models to optimize the G-CSF protocol. G-CSF receptor expression highest increased in NAFLD model among various liver diseases compare to control (NAFLD: 14.7 times, alcohol hepatitis: 7.1 times, cirrhosis: 2.4 times, and ischemia reperfusion: 6.8 times). G-CSF treatment reduced intrahepatic fat accumulation, and inflammation in two kinds of NAFLD animal models. G-CSF increased PI3K/Akt expression in hepatocyte as well as decreased apoptotic drive (increased Bcl-2 expression and decreased Bax expression) in animal model. Five day consecutive G-CSF treatment and once a month long acting G-CSF increased marrow derived stem cell marker in peripheral blood. But twice a week conventional G-CSF treatment did not increased CD34+ cell in peripheral blood and liver neither. Not only high dose G-CSF (once daily for 5 days) but also hepatotropic dose G-CSF (twice a week) significantly reduced hepatocyte apoptosis via PI3K and Akt pathway activation without marrow cell mobilization in NAFLD animal model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ho Hyun Nam
- Department of Translational Medicine, Hanyang University Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Dae Won Jun
- Department Internal Medicine, Hanyang University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Kiseok Jang
- Department of Pathology, Hanyang University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Waqar Khalid Saeed
- Department Internal Medicine, Hanyang University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jai Sun Lee
- Department of Translational Medicine, Hanyang University Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyeon Tae Kang
- Department of Translational Medicine, Hanyang University Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yeon Ji Chae
- Department of Translational Medicine, Hanyang University Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Seoul, South Korea
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85
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Konstantopoulos P, Doulamis IP, Tzani A, Korou ML, Agapitos E, Vlachos IS, Pergialiotis V, Verikokos C, Mastorakos G, Katsilambros NL, Perrea DN. Metabolic effects of Crocus sativus and protective action against non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in diabetic rats. Biomed Rep 2017; 6:513-518. [PMID: 28529733 PMCID: PMC5431529 DOI: 10.3892/br.2017.884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2016] [Accepted: 01/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the result of the accumulation of adipose tissue deposits in the liver and it is associated with type 2 diabetes. Crocus sativus (saffron) is known for its antioxidant and its potential hypoglycemic effects. We investigated the role of saffron on NAFLD in diabetic rats. Thirty adult male rats were allocated into three groups; control (n=10), which received normal diet; streptozotocin (STZ) group (n=10), which received normal chow diet, 10% fructose in their drinking water and STZ (40 mg/kg body weight; STZ-saffron group (n=10), which followed the same dietary and pharmacological pattern as STZ group and were additionally supplemented with saffron (100 mg/kg/day). Metabolic profile was measured and histopathological examination of the liver was evaluated. STZ group exhibited the highest glucose levels at the end of the experiment (P<0.05), while there was no difference between control and STZ-saffron group (584 vs. 213 mg/dl vs. 209 mg/dl, respectively). STZ group revealed higher percentage of steatosis (5–33%) when compared to the other two groups (P<0.005). Saffron exhibits both hypoglycemic and hepatoprotective actions. Yet, further studies enlightening the exact mechanisms of saffron's mode of actions are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panagiotis Konstantopoulos
- Laboratory for Experimental Surgery and Surgical Research 'N.S. Christeas', National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Medical School, Athens 11527, Greece
| | - Ilias P Doulamis
- Laboratory for Experimental Surgery and Surgical Research 'N.S. Christeas', National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Medical School, Athens 11527, Greece
| | - Aspasia Tzani
- Laboratory for Experimental Surgery and Surgical Research 'N.S. Christeas', National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Medical School, Athens 11527, Greece
| | - Maria-Laskarina Korou
- Laboratory for Experimental Surgery and Surgical Research 'N.S. Christeas', National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Medical School, Athens 11527, Greece
| | - Emmanouil Agapitos
- Department of Pathology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Medical School, Athens 11527, Greece
| | - Ioannis S Vlachos
- Laboratory for Experimental Surgery and Surgical Research 'N.S. Christeas', National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Medical School, Athens 11527, Greece
| | - Vasilios Pergialiotis
- Laboratory for Experimental Surgery and Surgical Research 'N.S. Christeas', National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Medical School, Athens 11527, Greece
| | - Christos Verikokos
- Second Department of Propedeutic Surgery, 'Laiko' General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Medical School, Athens 11527, Greece
| | - George Mastorakos
- Unit of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, 'Aretaieion' Hospital, Athens Medical School, Athens 11528, Greece
| | - Nicholas L Katsilambros
- Laboratory for Experimental Surgery and Surgical Research 'N.S. Christeas', National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Medical School, Athens 11527, Greece
| | - Despina N Perrea
- Laboratory for Experimental Surgery and Surgical Research 'N.S. Christeas', National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Medical School, Athens 11527, Greece
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Vasconcelos DFP, Pereira da Silva FR, Pinto MESC, Santana LDAB, Souza IG, Miranda de Souza LK, Oliveira NCM, Ventura CA, Novaes PD, Barbosa ALDR, Medeiros JVR, Mikolasevic I, Mani A, Soares de Oliveira J. Decrease of Pericytes is Associated With Liver Disease Caused by Ligature-Induced Periodontitis in Rats. J Periodontol 2016; 88:e49-e57. [PMID: 27666673 DOI: 10.1902/jop.2016.160392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Damage caused by periodontitis not only affects periodontal tissues, but also increases the severity of various illnesses such as rheumatoid arthritis, diabetes, and liver diseases. The aim of this study is to investigate the association between induced periodontitis and damage caused through its systemic effects on the liver. METHODS Twenty rats were divided into two groups: control and periodontitis. The following parameters were evaluated: gingival bleeding index (GBI), probing depth (PD), myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity, alveolar bone loss (ABL) for periodontal tissues; histopathologic examination of gingival and liver tissues; immunohistochemistry to cells positive for neural/glial antigen 2 (NG2) expressed in hepatic pericytes, glutathione (GSH), and malondialdehyde (MDA) concentrations in liver; and serum levels of alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase. RESULTS GBI, PD, MPO, ABL, and histopathologic examinations demonstrated the development of periodontitis. There was a significant increase in microvesicular steatosis accompanied by a marked reduction in NG2+ pericytes in the periodontitis group compared with the control group. The periodontitis group had significantly lower GSH and higher MDA concentration in the liver compared with the control group. CONCLUSIONS The present study results link the systemic effects of induced periodontitis with changes in hepatic tissues such as microvesicular steatosis, likely caused by an increase in oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation. The findings from the present study implicate an association between a decrease of pericytes and liver disease caused by ligature-induced periodontitis in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Felipe Rodolfo Pereira da Silva
- Department of Biomedicine, Laboratory of Histological Analysis and Preparation, Federal University of Piaui, Parnaiba, Brazil
| | - Moara E Silva Conceição Pinto
- Department of Biomedicine, Laboratory of Histological Analysis and Preparation, Federal University of Piaui, Parnaiba, Brazil
| | | | - Ingrid Grazielle Souza
- Department of Morphology, Division of Histology, Piracicaba Dental School, State University of Campinas, Piracicaba, Brazil
| | | | | | - Claudio Angelo Ventura
- Department of Biomedicine, Laboratory of Biology and Biochemistry Plants, Federal University of Piaui
| | - Pedro Duarte Novaes
- Department of Morphology, Division of Histology, Piracicaba Dental School, State University of Campinas, Piracicaba, Brazil
| | | | | | - Ivana Mikolasevic
- Department of Nephrology and Dialysis, Division of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Center Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Arya Mani
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
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Kalantari H, Moradi F, Hassanzade A. Association between sonographic diagnosis of fatty liver with histopathologic abnormalities and liver biopsy findings in middle age patient with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Adv Biomed Res 2016; 5:122. [PMID: 27563632 PMCID: PMC4976523 DOI: 10.4103/2277-9175.186985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2013] [Accepted: 10/27/2013] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Liver biopsy is required to diagnose non-alcoholic steatohepatitis in patients with suspected non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). This study aimed to examine the relationship between sonographic diagnosis of fatty liver with histopathologic abnormalities and liver biopsy findings in patient with NAFLD. Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, a total of 180 patients, with an age range of 18-60 year old, with NAFLD based on ultrasonograghic findings were evaluated. Age, sex, body mass index, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, family history of liver disease and laboratory parameters recorded for all patients. Hence, grade of steatosis and stage of fibrosis were evaluated by liver biopsy. Results: A total of 220 patients were enrolled. Liver biopsy was performed in 180 patients. Mean age was 43 ± 10.6 years old and 66% were male. Ultrasonograghic findings showed mild, moderate and severe NAFLD was define in 100 (55.5%), 72 (40%) and 8 (4.5%) of patients, respectively. Liver biopsies showed that steatosis scores of <5%, 5-33% and 33-66% was define in 56 (31%), 116 (64%) and 9 (5%) of patients, respectively. Furthermore, fibrosis was defined as follow; none 92 (51%), mild 68 (38%), moderate 11 (6%), bridging 5 (3%) and cirrhosis 3 (2%) patients. There was no statistically significant relationship between ultrasonograghic findings and steatosis scores (P = 0.44), but statistically significant relationship was found between ultrasonograghic findings and fibrosis stage (P = 0.017). Conclusion: Findings revealed that, in patients with NAFLD, ultrasonographic finding were not in associate to steatosis, but were in relation with fibrosis stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamid Kalantari
- Department of Gastroenterology, Isfahan Liver Disease Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Farhad Moradi
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Akbar Hassanzade
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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Tula E, Ergun T, Seckin D, Ozgen Z, Avsar E. Psoriasis and the liver: problems, causes and course. Australas J Dermatol 2016; 58:194-199. [PMID: 26916498 DOI: 10.1111/ajd.12460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2015] [Accepted: 01/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES Psoriasis patients have a higher risk of liver abnormalities such as non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), drug-induced hepatitis, alcoholic hepatitis and neutrophilic cholangitis, than the general population. Associated liver disease limits therapeutic options and necessitates careful monitoring. The aim of the study was to identify liver problems in psoriasis patients and to investigate the underlying causes as well as their course. METHODS The files of 518 psoriasis patients were retrospectively reviewed. Among these, 393 patients with relevant laboratory data were analysed for liver enzymes and their relation to the known risk factors for liver disease (obesity, diabetes mellitus, alcohol consumption, hepatotoxic medications, dyslipidemia, psoriatic arthritis and infectious hepatitis). RESULTS Among 393 patients, 24% and 0.8% developed liver enzyme abnormalities and cirrhosis, respectively. The most common factors associated with pathological liver enzymes were drugs (57%) and NAFLD (22%). Other rare causes were alcoholic hepatitis, viral hepatitis, neutrophilic cholangitis, autoimmune hepatitis and toxic hepatitis due to herbal therapy. Drug-induced liver enzyme abnormalities were reversible whereas in patients with NAFLD transaminases tended to fluctuate. One patient with herbal medicine-related cirrhosis died of sepsis. CONCLUSION Liver enzyme abnormalities are common in psoriasis patients and are mostly associated with drugs and NAFLD. Although most cases can be managed by avoiding hepatotoxic medications and close follow up, severe consequences like cirrhosis may develop.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elona Tula
- Department of Dermatology, Corlu Vatan Hospital, Tekirdag, Turkey
| | - Tulin Ergun
- Department of Dermatology, Marmara University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Dilek Seckin
- Department of Dermatology, Marmara University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Zuleyha Ozgen
- Department of Dermatology, Marmara University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Erol Avsar
- Department of Gastroenterology, Marmara University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
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Foroughi M, Maghsoudi Z, Khayyatzadeh S, Ghiasvand R, Askari G, Iraj B. Relationship between non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and inflammation in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver. Adv Biomed Res 2016; 5:28. [PMID: 27014655 PMCID: PMC4785782 DOI: 10.4103/2277-9175.176368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2014] [Accepted: 02/16/2014] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Non-alcoholic fatty liver is the most chronic liver disease that eventually can become cirrhosis. One of the underlying assumptions for the fatty liver created by inflammation of the hepatocytes. We aimed to assess the association between non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and sub-clinical inflammation. Materials and Methods: This is a cross-sectional study which was conducted on 55 patients over 30 years, with NAFLD. Fatty liver grade was assessed using liver ultrasound. Liver enzymes (alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase), anthropometric characteristics and inflammatory marker C-reactive protein (CRP) were measured. Qualitative variables (sex and fatty liver grade) and quantitative variables such as were compared with independent t-test and Chi-square test. Relationship between fatty liver grade and inflammatory index was assessed with SPSS software (version 20; SPSS, Inc. Chicago, IL, USA). Results: Non-alcoholic fatty liver grades were associated with CRP level and this relationship remains in statistically significant level even after adjusting the effects of confounding variables such as age, sex and body mass index of participants (P = 0.016). Conclusion: In this cross-sectional study, presentation of NAFLD showed a significant correlation with sub-clinical systemic inflammation and CRP level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Foroughi
- Department of Community Nutrition, Metabolic Liver Diseases Research Center, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Zahra Maghsoudi
- Department of Community Nutrition, Metabolic Liver Diseases Research Center, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Saeid Khayyatzadeh
- Department of Community Nutrition, Metabolic Liver Diseases Research Center, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Reza Ghiasvand
- Department of Community Nutrition, Metabolic Liver Diseases Research Center, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran; Department of Food Security Research Center and Community Nutrition, Isfahan Endocrine and Metabolism Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Gholamreza Askari
- Department of Community Nutrition, Metabolic Liver Diseases Research Center, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran; Department of Food Security Research Center and Community Nutrition, Isfahan Endocrine and Metabolism Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Bijan Iraj
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Isfahan Endocrine and Metabolism Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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90
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Fukuda T, Hamaguchi M, Kojima T, Hashimoto Y, Ohbora A, Kato T, Nakamura N, Fukui M. The impact of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease on incident type 2 diabetes mellitus in non-overweight individuals. Liver Int 2016; 36:275-83. [PMID: 26176710 DOI: 10.1111/liv.12912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2015] [Accepted: 07/06/2015] [Indexed: 02/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) on incident type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in non-overweight individuals with NAFLD. METHODS A population-based retrospective cohort study of 4629 participants who were enrolled in a health check-up programme for more than 10 years. A standardized questionnaire and abdominal ultrasonography were used to diagnose NAFLD. A cut-off point of BMI 23 kg/m(2) was used to define overweight (≥23.0 kg/m(2)) or non-overweight (<23.0 kg/m(2)). The primary outcome was incident T2DM. RESULTS Over a mean follow-up of 12.8 years, 351 participants (7.6%) developed T2DM. The incidence rate of T2DM was 3.2% in the non-overweight without NAFLD group, 14.4% in the non-overweight with NAFLD group, 8.0% in the overweight without NAFLD group and 26.4% in the overweight with NAFLD group. The adjusted hazard ratios for incident T2DM compared with the non-overweight without NAFLD group were as follows: 3.59 (95% CI: 2.14-5.76) in the non-overweight with NAFLD group, 1.99 (95% CI: 1.47-2.69) in the overweight without NAFLD group and 6.77 (95% CI: 5.17-8.91) in the overweight with NAFLD group. The adjusted hazard ratio in the non-overweight with NAFLD group was significantly higher than that in the overweight without NAFLD group or that in the non-overweight without NAFLD group. CONCLUSIONS Non-overweight individuals with NAFLD had a high risk of incident T2DM. Diagnosis of NAFLD is important in non-overweight individuals, and therefore it might be necessary to follow their health conditions on a long-term basis after detection of NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuya Fukuda
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Masahide Hamaguchi
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Takao Kojima
- Department of Gastroenterology, Murakami Memorial Hospital, Asahi University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Hashimoto
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Akihiro Ohbora
- Department of Gastroenterology, Murakami Memorial Hospital, Asahi University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Takahiro Kato
- Department of Internal Medicine, Aiseikai Yamashina Hospital, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Naoto Nakamura
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Michiaki Fukui
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto, Japan
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Foroughi M, Maghsoudi Z, Askari G. The effect of vitamin D supplementation on blood sugar and different indices of insulin resistance in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Iran J Nurs Midwifery Res 2016; 21:100-4. [PMID: 26985230 PMCID: PMC4776554 DOI: 10.4103/1735-9066.174759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2013] [Accepted: 02/18/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vitamin D supplementation has been shown to decrease insulin resistance through which it might cause fatty liver. Fatty liver increasingly results in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Insulin resistance and fatty liver are particularly closely related. The aim of present study is to examine the effect of vitamin D supplementation on blood sugar and different indices of insulin resistance in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). MATERIALS AND METHODS This randomized placebo-controlled clinical trial was conducted on 60 patients with NAFLD, who were divided equally into intervention and control groups. Patients in the intervention group received vitamin D3 (50,000 IU) and patients in the control group received placebo capsules every week for 10 weeks. Blood sugar, homeostatic model assessment-insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), and homeostatic model assessment-beta cell (HOMA-B) were checked at baseline and after 10 weeks of the intervention. Adjustment for variables was performed by analysis of covariance (ANCOVA). RESULTS Vitamin D supplementation resulted in increased serum 25-hydroxy vitamin D [25(OH) D] concentration in the intervention group compared to the control group [+68 (12) vs. -1.9 (2.44); P = 0.001]. Intake of vitamin D supplements led to a marginally significant decrease in fasting blood glucose [FBS: -12 (4) in the intervention group compared to - 3 (2) in the control group; P = 0.055]. Also, HOMA-IR decreased in the intervention group compared to the control group [-1.75 (0.23) vs. 0.12 (0.41); P = 0.066]. CONCLUSIONS Vitamin D supplementation resulted in decreased HOMA-IR and FBS concentration in patients with NAFLD; however, it did not affect the insulin level and HOMA-B significantly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Foroughi
- Food Security Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Zahra Maghsoudi
- Food Security Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Gholamreza Askari
- Food Security Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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Papalavrentios L, Sinakos E, Chourmouzi D, Hytiroglou P, Drevelegas K, Constantinides M, Drevelegas A, Talwalkar J, Akriviadis E. Value of 3 Tesla diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging for assessing liver fibrosis. Ann Gastroenterol 2015; 28:118-123. [PMID: 25608776 PMCID: PMC4289984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2014] [Accepted: 07/20/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Limited data are available regarding the role of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), particularly the new generation 3 Tesla technology, and especially diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) in predicting liver fibrosis. The aim of our pilot study was to assess the clinical performance of the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) of liver parenchyma for the assessment of liver fibrosis in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). METHODS 18 patients with biopsy-proven NAFLD underwent DWI with 3 Tesla MRI. DWI was performed with single-shot echo-planar technique at b values of 0-500 and 0-1000 s/mm2. ADC was measured in four locations in the liver and the mean ADC value was used for analysis. Staging of fibrosis was performed according to the METAVIR system. RESULTS The median age of patients was 52 years (range 23-73). The distribution of patients in different fibrosis stages was: 0 (n=1), 1 (n=7), 2 (n=1), 3 (n=5), 4 (n=4). Fibrosis stage was poorly associated with ADC at b value of 0-500 s/mm2 (r= -0.30, P=0.27). However it was significantly associated with ADC at b value of 0-1000 s/mm2 (r= -0.57, P=0.01). For this b value (0-1000 s/mm2) the area under receiver-operating characteristic curve was 0.93 for fibrosis stage ≥3 and the optimal ADC cut-off value was 1.16 ×10-3 mm2/s. CONCLUSION 3 Tesla DWI can possibly predict the presence of advanced fibrosis in patients with NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lavrentios Papalavrentios
- 4th Internal Medicine Unit, University of Thessaloniki (Lavrentios Papalavrentios, Emmanouil Sinakos, Evangelos Akriviadis), Greece,
Correspondence to: Lavrentios Papalavrentios, M.D., Samanidi 36, Panorama, Thessaloniki, Greece, Tel.: +30 2310 342046, Fax: +30 2310 471056, e-mail:
| | - Emmanouil Sinakos
- 4th Internal Medicine Unit, University of Thessaloniki (Lavrentios Papalavrentios, Emmanouil Sinakos, Evangelos Akriviadis), Greece
| | - Danai Chourmouzi
- Department of Radiology, Interbalkan Medical Center, Thessaloniki (Danai Chourmouzi, Konstantinos Drevelegas, Manos Constantinides, Antonios Drevelegas), Greece
| | - Prodromos Hytiroglou
- Department of Pathology, University of Thessaloniki (Prodromos Hytiroglou), Greece
| | - Konstantinos Drevelegas
- Department of Radiology, Interbalkan Medical Center, Thessaloniki (Danai Chourmouzi, Konstantinos Drevelegas, Manos Constantinides, Antonios Drevelegas), Greece
| | - Manos Constantinides
- Department of Radiology, Interbalkan Medical Center, Thessaloniki (Danai Chourmouzi, Konstantinos Drevelegas, Manos Constantinides, Antonios Drevelegas), Greece
| | - Antonios Drevelegas
- Department of Radiology, Interbalkan Medical Center, Thessaloniki (Danai Chourmouzi, Konstantinos Drevelegas, Manos Constantinides, Antonios Drevelegas), Greece
| | - Jayant Talwalkar
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic Rochester, Rochester, MN, USA (Jayant Talwalkar)
| | - Evangelos Akriviadis
- 4th Internal Medicine Unit, University of Thessaloniki (Lavrentios Papalavrentios, Emmanouil Sinakos, Evangelos Akriviadis), Greece
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Cho J, Lee I, Kim D, Koh Y, Kong J, Lee S, Kang H. Effect of aerobic exercise training on non-alcoholic fatty liver disease induced by a high fat diet in C57BL/6 mice. J Exerc Nutrition Biochem 2014; 18:339-46. [PMID: 25671200 PMCID: PMC4322024 DOI: 10.5717/jenb.2014.18.4.339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2014] [Revised: 11/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
[Purpose] The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of aerobic exercise training on a high fat diet (HFD)-induced fatty liver and its metabolic complications in C57BL/6 mice. [Methods] Mice at 5-month old (n = 30) were randomly assigned to standard chow (SC + CON, n = 10) and high-fat diet (HFD, n = 20), and they were subjected to SC and HFD, respectively, for 23-week. After 15-week of HFD, mice in the HFD group were further assigned to HFD (HFD + CON, n = 10) or exercise training (HFD + EX, n = 10) groups. The HFD + EX mice were subjected to aerobic treadmill running during the last 8-week of the 23-week HFD course. Outcomes included hepatic steatosis, insulin resistance, and expression of genes involved in mitochondrial function and/or fatty oxidation as well as de novo lipogenesis and/or triacylglycerol (TAG) synthesis. [Results] Treadmill running ameliorated impaired glucose tolerance and insulin resistance secondary to the HFD. The beneficial effects of treadmill running were associated with enhanced molecular markers of mitochondrial function and/or fatty acids oxidation (i.e., PPARα and CPT1a mRNAs, pAMPK/AMPK, pACC, and SIRT1 protein) as well as suppressed expression of de novo lipogenesis and/or TAG synthesis (i.e., SREBP1c, lipin1 and FAS mRNAs) in the liver. [Conclusion] The current findings suggest that aerobic exercise training is an effective and non-pharmacological means to combat fatty liver and its metabolic complications in HFD-induced obese mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinkyung Cho
- College of Sport Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Korea
| | - Inhwan Lee
- College of Sport Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Korea
| | - Donghyun Kim
- College of Sport Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Korea
| | - Yeojung Koh
- College of Sport Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Korea
| | - Jiyoung Kong
- College of Sport Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Korea
| | - Sanghee Lee
- College of Sport Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Korea
| | - Hyunsik Kang
- College of Sport Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Korea
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the relationships between thyroid function and metabolic risk factors in obese adolescents with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). METHODS One hundred sixty obese adolescents and 40 control subjects were enrolled in the study. The obese subjects were divided into two groups based on presence or absence of liver steatosis (NAFLD group and non-NAFLD group). Serum samples were assayed for glucose, insulin, cholesterol, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, free thyroxine (fT4), free triiodothyronine (fT3) and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH). The ratio of fT3 to fT4 was evaluated as an indirect index of deiodinase activity. Insulin resistance was evaluated by homeostasis model assessment (HOMA-IR) from fasting samples. RESULTS NAFLD and non-NAFLD groups had slightly higher fasting blood glucose values than the control group. Fasting insulin levels in the NAFLD group were significantly higher than those in the non-NAFLD and control groups. The NAFLD group had significantly greater HOMA-IR values compared with the non-NAFLD group and also with the control group. The NAFLD group had significantly higher fT3/fT4 ratio values compared to both non-NAFLD and control groups. fT3/fT4 was positively correlated with serum insulin levels in the NAFLD group. CONCLUSION This study showed that obese adolescents with hepatosteatosis had elevated values for fT3/fT4 ratio. This finding suggested a high conversion of T4 to T3 due to increased deiodinase activity as a compensatory mechanism for fat accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hüseyin Bilgin
- Turgut Özal University, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, Ankara, Turkey. E-ma-il:
| | - Özgür Pirgon
- Süleyman Demirel University, Departments of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Isparta, Turkey
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Novakovic T, Mekic M, Smilic L, Smilic T, Inić-Kostic B, Jovicevic L, Mirkovic Z, Milinic S. Anthropometric and biochemical characteristics of patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver diagnosed by non-invasive diagnostic methods. Med Arch 2014; 68:22-6. [PMID: 24783906 PMCID: PMC4272486 DOI: 10.5455/medarh.2014.68.22-26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2013] [Accepted: 02/04/2014] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Non-alcoholic (NAFLD) encompasses a spectrum of disease states, from steatosis (fatty liver) to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (also called NASH steatosis with inflammatory changes) followed by progression to fibrosis and cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma Excess liver fat is believed to be a manifestation of the metabolic syndrome and not surprisingly NASH is associated with obesity, insulin resistance, dyslipidemia and type 2 diabetes in humans. AIM OF THE STUDY Is to establish anthropometric and biochemical specificities in patients with non-alcoholic steatohepatitis diagnosed with non-invasive diagnostic methods. MATERIAL AND METHODS Study enrolled 170 participants, 130 with NASH steatosis. The non-alcoholic group (control), consisted of 40 normal weight patients without metabolic syndrome. Alcohol intake was estimated with established protocol. Routine biochemistry analysis were performed by standard laboratory procedures; serum levels of serum levels of fasting cholesterol and triglycerides, fasting glucose and insulin, insulin resistance estimated by HOMA index (Homeostasis model assessment), biochemistry tests and a liver ultrasound examination. RESULTS In study participants group, patients were more obese comparing with controls p < 0.01, waist line extent also was of greater statistical significance in the non-alcoholic group fatty liver (p < 0, 01). Comparing biochemical parameter values, significant statistical deference has been noted in glaucosis and insulin levels, total cholesterol and gama-glutamil transferase levels, between groups (p < 0.01). Fasting glucose and insulin levels, HOMA-IR were significantly greater in study cohort group patients, as was significantly positive correlation between BMI and waist line extent. CONCLUSION Patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver are excessively obese, have greater waist line extent, consequently insulin resistance and impaired glucose metabolism, insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, risk factors known to be associated with the development of cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatjana Novakovic
- Medical faculty Pristina / Kosovska Mitrovica, Internal Clinic, University of Pristina, Kosova¹
| | - Mevludin Mekic
- Clinic for Heart Diseases and Rheumatism, Clinical center of Sarajevo University, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Ljiljana Smilic
- Medical faculty Pristina / Kosovska Mitrovica, Internal Clinic, University of Pristina, Kosova¹
| | - Tanja Smilic
- Medical faculty Nis, University of Nis, Nis, Serbia
| | | | - Ljiljana Jovicevic
- Medical faculty Pristina / Kosovska Mitrovica, Clinic for neurology, University of Pristina, Pristina, Kosova
| | | | - Srbislava Milinic
- Medical faculty Pristina / Kosovska Mitrovica, Internal Clinic, University of Pristina, Kosova¹
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Yatsuzuka SI, Shimomura Y, Akuzawa M, Ando Y, Kobayashi I, Nakano T, Tokita Y, Nagamine T, Ono H, Tanaka A, Schaefer E, Nakajima K. Plasma adiponectin is a more specific marker of fatty liver than a marker of metabolic syndrome in Japanese men. Ann Clin Biochem 2013; 51:68-79. [PMID: 23897104 DOI: 10.1177/0004563213487892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The association of plasma cardiovascular risk markers and metabolic syndrome (MetS) with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has not been well defined. METHODS Japanese men (n = 809) had standard anthropometric measurements done, and had their liver fat quantitated by ultrasound. Three groups were identified: (1) normal controls without significant disease, (2) preliminary-metabolic syndrome (pre-MetS) cases and (3) MetS cases. Plasma adiponectin, high sensitivity-C reactive protein (hs-CRP), HOMA-IR, lipids, lipoproteins and liver enzymes were evaluated among the three groups. RESULTS The prevalence of fatty liver was 13% in controls, 39% in pre-MetS and 62% in MetS. Plasma adiponectin and high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) were significantly decreased, and HOMA-IR, hs-CRP, TG, remnant lipoproteins (RLPs) and small dense-LDL-C (sd LDL-C) were significantly increased in subjects with fatty liver compared to those without fatty liver. Multivariate analyses of serum parameters associated with fatty liver revealed that adiponectin and hs-CRP were more strongly associated with the presence of fatty liver than waist circumference. However, HOMA-IR, HDL-C, TG, RLP-C, RLP-TG and sd LDL-C were more strongly associated with waist circumference than with fatty liver. Factor analysis revealed that adiponectin and HDL-C were linked to liver enzymes, lipoproteins and HOMA-IR associated with fatty liver, but not with waist circumference. CONCLUSIONS Adiponectin was found to be a more specific diagnostic marker for the presence of fatty liver regardless of MetS status, and was inversely correlated with liver enzyme concentrations. However, RLPs were found to be more specifically associated with the presence of MetS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shin-Ichi Yatsuzuka
- Diabetes and Metabolic Disease Research Center, Hidaka Hospital, Takasaki, Japan
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Shetty SN, Mengi S, Vaidya R, Vaidya ADB. A study of standardized extracts of Picrorhiza kurroa Royle ex Benth in experimental nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. J Ayurveda Integr Med 2011; 1:203-10. [PMID: 21547049 PMCID: PMC3087357 DOI: 10.4103/0975-9476.72622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2010] [Revised: 08/30/2010] [Accepted: 09/07/2010] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
As a major organ of intermediary metabolism, the liver is exposed to a variety of metabolic insults due to diseases and xenobiotics viz., insulin resistance (IR) drugs, toxins, microbial products, etc. One of the consequences of these metabolic insults including obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus is the development of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). The recent alarming increase in the prevalence of NAFLD compels the need to develop an appropriate animal model of the disease so as to evolve effective interventions. In this study, we have developed, in the rat, a new model of NAFLD showing several key features akin to the disease in humans. Male Wistar rats were challenged with 30% high fat diet (HFD) – butter, for 2 weeks to induce NAFLD. A hydroalcoholic extract of Picrorhiza kurroa was administered to study the possible reversal of fatty changes in the liver. The extract was given in two doses viz., 200mg/kg and 400 mg/kg b.i.d., p.o. for a period of 4 weeks. There were three control groups (n = 6/group) – vehicle with a regular diet, vehicle with HFD, and HFD with silymarin – a known hepatoprotective. Histopathology showed that the P. kurroa extract brought about a reversal of the fatty infiltration of the liver (mg/g) and a lowering of the quantity of hepatic lipids (mg/g) compared to that in the HFD control group (38.33 ± 5.35 for 200mg/kg; 29.44 ± 8.49 for 400mg/kg of P. kurroa vs.130.07 ± 6.36mg/g of liver tissue in the HFD control group; P<0.001). Compared to the standard dose of the known hepatoprotective silymarin, P. kurroa reduced the lipid content (mg/g) of the liver more significantly at the dose of 400mg/kg (57.71 ± 12.45mg/kg vs. 29.44 ± 8.49 for the silymarin group vs. 400mg/kg of P. kurroa, P<0.001). In view of the increasing prevalence of metabolic syndrome and NAFLD, P. kurroa should be investigated by the reverse pharmacology path as a potential drug for the treatment of NAFLD, and essential safety studies and preformulation research for concentration of the putative actives should be carried out.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sapna N Shetty
- Medical Research Centre, Kasturba Health Society, Mumbai, India
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Nagano M, Sasaki H, Kumagai S. Association of cardiorespiratory fitness with elevated hepatic enzyme and liver fat in Japanese patients with impaired glucose tolerance and type 2 diabetes mellitus. J Sports Sci Med 2010; 9:405-410. [PMID: 24149634 PMCID: PMC3761706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2009] [Accepted: 06/03/2010] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
No study has so far determined whether a favorable level of cardiorespiratory fitness (CF) contributes to a reduced risk of elevated hepatic enzymes and a high degree of liver fat in patients having various metabolic risks. This study investigated the association between the maximal oxygen uptake (VO2 max) and the prevalence of elevated liver enzymes and high liver fat, while considering such factors as abdominal obesity, hyperinsulinemia and the other metabolic risks. The study enrolled newly diagnosed Japanese patients (n = 84; 52 males and 32 females; aged 25-69 years) with impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (Type2DM) who did not receive any intervention or pharmacological therapy. The subjects were divided into 3 groups according to the distribution of the VO2max for each sex. The odds ratios (ORs) for the prevalence of elevated aspartate and alanine aminotransferase (AST and ALT) and high degree of liver fat adjusted for age, sex, disease type, daily ethanol intake, and current smoking were significantly lower in the moderate- and high CF groups in comparison to the low CF group. In addition, a significant OR for AST was maintained in the moderate and high CF group after adjusting for abdominal obesity and/or hyperinsulinemia. The significant ORs for the prevalence of elevated ALT and a high degree of liver fat were attenuated after adjusting for abdominal obesity and/or hyperinsulinemia. No significant OR for the prevalence of elevated gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) was recognized in all logistic models. These results indicated that CF was negatively and independently associated with the prevalence of elevated AST even in Japanese diabetic patients having various metabolic risks. It was concluded that the AST level might be useful as a simple marker reflecting physical inactivity in such subjects. Key pointsThe prevalence of elevated AST was negatively, and strongly associated with the CF level independent of abdominal obesity, hyperinsulinemia, and the other confounders in the subjects with glucose intolerance.The association between the CF level and both an elevated ALT level and a high degree of liver fat, as defined by the L/S ratio of CT images depended on abdominal fat and/or hyperinsulinemia in the subjects with glucose intolerance.No association was recognized between CF and elevated GGT in the subjects with glucose intolerance in the subjects with glucose intolerance.Having a favorable level of CF could lead to a reduced risk of hepatic-related abnormalities even in diabetic patients having the other metabolic risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayumi Nagano
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Kyoto Bunkyo University , Kyoto, Japan
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