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Zhu MF, Qian JC, Lu L, Yan FL, Shi JP, Lou GQ. [Three-year efficacy and side effect of adefovir dipivoxil for the treatment of the old patients with chronic hepatitis B virus infection]. Zhonghua Shi Yan He Lin Chuang Bing Du Xue Za Zhi 2012; 26:379-381. [PMID: 23547463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate 3-year antiviral efficacy and side effect of adefovir dipivoxil (ADV) on the old patients with hepatitis B chronic infection. METHODS 31 HBeAg-negative chronic hepatitis B virus infected old patients (include 8 patients with chronic hepatitis B and 23 patients with liver cirrhosis) with serum HBV DNA levels > 1000 copies/ml, and ALT > 2 times the upper limit of normal, without company with other liver diseases, cancer, renal dysfunction, and autoimmune disease. All the patients were treated with ADV orally (10 mg once daily) for 36 months. HBV DNA and biochemical and blood routine indexes were checked after treated. RESULT Serum total bilirubin, direct bilirubin, alamine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase and load of HBV DNA decrease significantly after therapy (P < 0. 001). Other biochemical indexs and blood routine are no significant changes (P > 0.05). CONCLUSION The way to treat with ADV is safe and effective for old patients with chronic hepatitis B virus infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Fei Zhu
- Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China
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Chen K, Min H, Wu X, Zhu X, Li Z, Li H, Liu Y. JAK1 gene polymorphisms are associated with the outcomes of hepatitis B virus infection, but not with α interferon therapy response in a Han Chinese population. Genet Test Mol Biomarkers 2012; 16:1206-10. [PMID: 22901011 DOI: 10.1089/gtmb.2012.0141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS Janus kinase 1 (JAK1) is a key member in the interferon (IFN) signaling pathway. Recent studies suggested single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in IFN pathway genes are associated with outcomes of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection and response to IFNα therapy. The aim of the study is to investigate whether SNPs in JAK1 were associated with outcomes of HBV infection and response to IFNα therapy. METHODS We enrolled 395 chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients and 251 subjects with the inactive carrier state, and 256 CHB patients who received IFNα treatment, with therapy efficacy evaluated. Twelve SNPs: rs310227, rs7531799, rs7546545, rs17127174, rs3790541, rs10493373, rs2780898, rs310247, rs310196, rs2780895, rs4244165, and rs17127024 in JAK1, which could represent all SNPs with minor allele frequency >0.2 recorded in the HapMap database were genotyped using a polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism protocol and the TaqMan method. RESULTS SNP rs17127024 was associated with outcomes of HBV infection in an allele frequency (p=0.014) and genotype distributions (p=0.031), while SNP rs4244165 was associated with outcomes of HBV infection only in genotype distributions (p=0.008). There were no significant differences in allele frequencies and genotype distributions of these SNPs between the response group and the nonresponse group to IFNα therapy. CONCLUSIONS SNPs rs4244165 and rs17127024 in JAK1 were associated with outcomes of HBV infection, but not with response to IFNα therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kangmei Chen
- National Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, P.R. China
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Ye XP, Ran HT, Cheng J, Zhu YF, Zhang DZ, Zhang P, Zheng YY. Liver and spleen stiffness measured by acoustic radiation force impulse elastography for noninvasive assessment of liver fibrosis and esophageal varices in patients with chronic hepatitis B. J Ultrasound Med 2012; 31:1245-53. [PMID: 22837289 DOI: 10.7863/jum.2012.31.8.1245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate the performance of liver and spleen stiffness measured by acoustic radiation force impulse (ARFI) elastography for noninvasive assessment of liver fibrosis and esophageal varices in patients with chronic hepatitis B virus. METHODS Two hundred sixty-four participants, of whom 60 were healthy volunteers (classified as stage 0), 66 were patients with chronic hepatitis B who had undergone liver biopsy, and 138 were patients with hepatitis B-related cirrhosis, were enrolled in this study. Median liver and spleen stiffness values (meters per second) from 10 successful measurements per participant were obtained. Patients with cirrhosis were examined by upper endoscopy. RESULTS Significant linear correlations were found between liver (Spearman ρ = 0.87; P < .001) and spleen (Spearman ρ = 0.76; P < .001) stiffness and the fibrosis stage. Liver and spleen stiffness values increased as fibrosis progressed; however, overlaps in liver stiffness were detected in stages 0 and 1 and 1 and 2, and overlaps in spleen stiffness were observed in stages 0 and 1, 1 and 2, and 2 and 3. Liver stiffness cutoff values were 1.69 m/s for predicting stage 3 or greater (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve [AUROC] = 0.99) and 1.88 m/s for stage 4 (AUROC = 0.97). The spleen stiffness cutoff value was 2.72 m/s for stage 4 (AUROC = 0.96). Liver stiffness was not correlated with the varix grade, whereas a significant linear correlation (Spearman ρ = 0.65; P < .001) between spleen stiffness and the varix grade was found. The optimal spleen stiffness cutoff value for predicting varices was 3.16 m/s (AUROC = 0.83). CONCLUSIONS Liver and spleen stiffness values measured by ARFI elastography are reliable predictors of liver fibrosis. Spleen stiffness measured by ARFI can be used as a non-invasive method for determining the presence and severity of esophageal varices; however, evidence to support a similar role for liver stiffness is lacking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Ping Ye
- Department of Ultrasound, Second Affiliated Hospital, Institute of Ultrasound Imaging, Chongqing Medical University, Yuzhong District, 400010 Chongqing, China
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He WP, Hu JH, Zhao J, Tong JJ, Ding JB, Lin F, Wang HF. Comparison of four prognostic models and a new Logistic regression model to predict short-term prognosis of acute-on-chronic hepatitis B liver failure. Chin Med J (Engl) 2012; 125:2272-2278. [PMID: 22882847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acute-on-chronic hepatitis B liver failure (ACLF-HBV) is a clinically severe disease associated with major life-threatening complications including hepatic encephalopathy and hepatorenal syndrome. The aim of this study was to evaluate the short-term prognostic predictability of the model for end-stage liver disease (MELD), MELD-based indices, and their dynamic changes in patients with ACLF-HBV, and to establish a new model for predicting the prognosis of ACLF-HBV. METHODS A total of 172 patients with ACLF-HBV who stayed in the hospital for more than 2 weeks were retrospectively recruited. The predictive accuracy of MELD, MELD-based indices, and their dynamic change (D) were compared using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve method. The associations between mortality and patient characteristics were studied by univariate and multivariate analyses. RESULTS The 3-month mortality was 43.6%. The largest concordance (c) statistic predicting 3-month mortality was the MELD score at the end of 2 weeks of admission (0.8), followed by the MELD: sodium ratio (MESO) (0.796) and integrated MELD (iMELD) (0.758) scores, DMELD (0.752), DMESO (0.729), and MELD plus sodium (MELD-Na) (0.728) scores. In multivariate Logistic regression analysis, the independent factors predicting prognosis were hepatic encephalopathy (OR = 3.466), serum creatinine, international normalized ratio (INR), and total bilirubin at the end of 2 weeks of admission (OR = 10.302, 6.063, 5.208, respectively), and cholinesterase on admission (OR = 0.255). This regression model had a greater prognostic value (c = 0.85, 95%CI 0.791 - 0.909) compared to the MELD score at the end of 2 weeks of admission (Z = 4.9851, P = 0.0256). CONCLUSIONS MELD score at the end of 2 weeks of admission is a useful predictor for 3-month mortality in ACLF-HBV patients. Hepatic encephalopathy, serum creatinine, international normalized ratio, and total bilirubin at the end of 2 weeks of admission and cholinesterase on admission are independent predictors of 3-month mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Ping He
- Liver Failure Therapy and Research Centre, 302 Hospital of People's Liberation Army, Beijing 100039, China
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Feng D, Kong X, Weng H, Park O, Wang H, Dooley S, Gershwin ME, Gao B. Interleukin-22 promotes proliferation of liver stem/progenitor cells in mice and patients with chronic hepatitis B virus infection. Gastroenterology 2012; 143:188-98.e7. [PMID: 22484119 PMCID: PMC3384505 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2012.03.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2011] [Revised: 03/06/2012] [Accepted: 03/29/2012] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Proliferation of liver stem/progenitor cells (LPCs), which can differentiate into hepatocytes or biliary epithelial cells, is often observed in chronically inflamed regions of liver in patients. We investigated how inflammation might promote proliferation of LPCs. METHODS We examined the role of interleukin (IL)-22, a survival factor for hepatocytes, on proliferation of LPCs in patients with chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection and in mice. Proliferation of LPCs in mice was induced by feeding a diet that contained 3,5-diethoxycarbonyl-1,4-dihydrocollidine (DDC). RESULTS Hepatic expression of IL-22 was increased in patients with HBV and correlated with the grade of inflammation and proliferation of LPCs. Mice on the DDC diet that overexpressed an IL-22 transgene specifically in liver (IL-22TG), or that were infected with an IL-22-expressing adenovirus, had increased proliferation of LPCs. Signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) 3, a component of the IL-22 signaling pathway, was activated in LPCs isolated from DDC-fed IL-22TG mice. Deletion of STAT3 from livers of IL-22TG mice reduced proliferation of LPCs. In addition, the receptors IL-22R1 and IL-10R2 were detected on epithelial cell adhesion molecule(+)CD45(-) LPCs isolated from DDC-fed wild-type mice. Culture of these cells with IL-22 activated STAT3 and led to cell proliferation, but IL-22 had no effect on proliferation of STAT3-deficient EpCAM(+)CD45(-) LPCs. IL-22 also activated STAT3 and promoted proliferation of cultured BMOL cells (a mouse LPC line). CONCLUSIONS In livers of mice and patients with chronic HBV infection, inflammatory cells produce IL-22, which promotes proliferation of LPCs via STAT3. These findings link inflammation with proliferation of LPCs in patients with HBV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dechun Feng
- Laboratory of Liver Diseases, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Xiaoni Kong
- Laboratory of Liver Diseases, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Honglei Weng
- Molecular Hepatology, II. Medical Clinic, Faculty of Medicine Mannheim at Heidelberg University, Germany
| | - Ogyi Park
- Laboratory of Liver Diseases, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Hua Wang
- Laboratory of Liver Diseases, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Steven Dooley
- Molecular Hepatology, II. Medical Clinic, Faculty of Medicine Mannheim at Heidelberg University, Germany
| | - M. Eric Gershwin
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Clinical Immunology, University of California at Davis School of Medicine, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Bin Gao
- Laboratory of Liver Diseases, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
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Li X, Zhong C, Yang S, Fan R, Peng J, Guo Y, Sun J, Hou J. [Influence of adefovir dipivoxil or telbivudine monotherapy on renal function of patients with chronic hepatitis B]. Nan Fang Yi Ke Da Xue Xue Bao 2012; 32:826-829. [PMID: 22699063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the changes in the renal function of patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB) receiving adefovir dipivoxil (ADV) or telbivudine (L-DT) monotherapy. METHODS This retrospective analysis involved 101 patients with CHB and liver cirrhosis receiving either ADV or L-DT monotherapy for 52 weeks. Serum creatinine, estimates of glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), and the percentage of patients with eGFR≥90 ml·min(-1)·1.73 m(-2) at week 52 were compared with the baseline data between the two groups. RESULTS The mean changes of CR at week 52 from baseline were +0.05 mg/dl in ADV group and -0.12 mg/dl in L-DT group, showing a significant difference between the two groups (P=0.000). No patient was found to have an elevation of creatinine over 0.50 mg/dl. The median change of eGFR at week 52 from baseline differed significantly between ADV and L-DT groups (-4.09 vs+18.32 ml·min(-1)·1.73 m(-2), P=0.000). Ninety-two percent (12/13) of the patients with baseline eGFR<90 ml·min(-1)·1.73 m(-2) shifted to eGFR ≥90 ml·min(-1)·1.73 m(-2) after 52 weeks of L-DT treatment, as compared to 38% (3/8) in ADV group. The proportion of patients with eGFR≥90 ml·min(-1)·1.73 m(-2) in L-DT group increased from 76.36% (42/55) at baseline to 94.55% (52/55) at week 52, while that in ADV group decreased from 82.61% (38/46) at baseline to 78.26% (36/46). The constituent ratios of eGFR at different levels were similar at baseline (P=0.443) but significantly different at week 52 between the two groups (P=0.015). CONCLUSION L-DT treatment is associated with a renoprotective effect in patients with CHB, but the mechanism remains unclear.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxi Li
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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Ding H, Wu T, Ma K, Wang X, Wu Z, Guo W, Qi J, Ning Q. Noninvasive measurement of liver fibrosis by transient elastography and influencing factors in patients with chronic hepatitis B-A single center retrospective study of 466 patients. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 32:69-74. [PMID: 22282248 DOI: 10.1007/s11596-012-0012-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2011] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The noninvasive measurement of liver stiffness (LS) was evaluated by transient elastography (FibroScan) and the possible influencing factors from the patients' clinical situations including age, gender, liver inflammation represented by alanine transaminase (ALT) and total billirubin (TBIL) level, HBV replication (HBV DNA loads), portal vein pressure (portal vessel diameter, PVD), splenic thickness (SPT) and body mass index (BMI) were analyzed in patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB). A total of 466 patients including 31 patients with acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF), and 435 patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB) among which 82 patients were diagnosed with liver cirrhosis (LC) by clinical manifestations and liver B-type ultrasonic inspection were enrolled at Tongji Hospital from April to December 2009. LS was measured by a FibroScan device (EchoSens, France). Simultaneously, ALT and TBIL levels, HBV DNA loads, PVD, SPT and BMI in all patients were also tested. Forty-one healthy volunteers served as controls. The values of LS were correlated positively with ages of CHB patients and significantly higher in males than in females. In patients with BMI>28 kg/m(2) (obesity) and abnormal levels of ALT and TBIL, LS values were significantly increased as compared with those having normal levels of ALT and TBIL. The patients with ACLF had the highest LS value. Furthermore, LS values in the patients with LC were significantly higher than those in patients without LC. It is concluded that noninvasive measurement of liver fibrosis by FibroScan provides an alternative method to evaluate liver fibrosis of patients with CHB. In order to properly illustrate the stiffness value taken by transient elastography, patients' gender should be taken into consideration and it is also suggested to avoid possible influencing factors including liver inflammation (high levels of ALT and TBIL) and obesity (high BMI).
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongfang Ding
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.
| | - Ting Wu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Ke Ma
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Xiaojing Wang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Zeguang Wu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Wei Guo
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Junying Qi
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Qin Ning
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.
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Marzano A, Marengo A, Marietti M, Rizzetto M. Lactic acidosis during Entecavir treatment in decompensated hepatitis B virus-related cirrhosis. Dig Liver Dis 2011; 43:1027-8. [PMID: 21782535 DOI: 10.1016/j.dld.2011.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2011] [Revised: 06/10/2011] [Accepted: 06/13/2011] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Zhang WJ, Cai SP, Fan ZP, Ji YJ, He WP. [The clinical efficacy and safety of adefovir dipivoxil in combination with bicyclol for the treatment of senior patients with chronic hepatitis B]. Zhonghua Shi Yan He Lin Chuang Bing Du Xue Za Zhi 2011; 25:453-456. [PMID: 22734234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the clinical efficacy and safety of adefovir dipivoxil (ADV) in combination with bicyclol for the treatment of chronic hepatitis B (CHB) in seniors. METHODS 96 senior patients with CHB were randomly divided into two groups, the treatment group and the control group. On the basis of routine liver protective treatment, patients in the treatment group received ADV (10 mg/d) and bicyclol tablets (25 mg, tid.) orally, and those in the control group were orally administrated ADV tablets (10 mg/d) only. The treatment course for both groups was 24 weeks. Serum ALT, AST, and alterations of virological parameters were observed before and after the treatment. RESULTS Before and at the end of the 24 weeks treatment, ALT level for the treatment group was (208.44 +/- 94.22) and (34.47 +/- 12.79) U/L, and those for the control group was (205.73 +/- 96.48) and (44.20 +/- 21.96) U/L, respectively (difference between groups P < 0.01). At the end of the 24 weeks treatment, ALT normalization rates for the treatment group and the control group were 76.6% and 54.5%, respectively, and AST normalization rates for them were 76.6% and 54.5%, respectively (both differences between groups P < 0.05); HBV DNA loads for the treatment group and the control group were decreased by (3.1 +/- 1.40) lgIU/ml and (2.98 +/- 1.17) lgIU/ ml, respectively (difference between groups P > 0.05). The incidence rates of adverse events between two groups were not statistically significant. CONCLUSION It suggested that the treatment of ADV in combination with bicyclol for senior patients with CHB is effective and safe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Jin Zhang
- Liver Disease Center for Seniors, Chinese PLA 302nd Hospital, Beijing 100039, China.
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Zhang Y, Cobleigh MA, Lian JQ, Huang CX, Booth CJ, Bai XF, Robek MD. A proinflammatory role for interleukin-22 in the immune response to hepatitis B virus. Gastroenterology 2011; 141:1897-906. [PMID: 21708106 PMCID: PMC3199295 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2011.06.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2011] [Revised: 05/17/2011] [Accepted: 06/13/2011] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS T-helper (Th)17 cells that secrete interleukin (IL)-22 have immunomodulatory and protective properties in the liver and other tissues. IL-22 induces expression of proinflammatory genes but is also mitogenic and antiapoptotic in hepatocytes. Therefore, it could have multiple functions in the immune response to hepatitis B virus (HBV). METHODS We examined the role of IL-22 in regulating liver inflammation in HBV transgenic mice and measured levels of IL-22 in HBV-infected patients. RESULTS In HBV transgenic mice, injection of a single dose of IL-22 increased hepatic expression of proinflammatory genes but did not directly inhibit virus replication. When splenocytes from HBV-immunized mice were transferred into HBV transgenic mice, the severity of the subsequent liver damage was ameliorated by neutralization of IL-22. In this model, IL-22 depletion did not affect interferon gamma-mediated noncytopathic inhibition of virus replication initiated by HBV-specific cytotoxic T cells, but it significantly inhibited recruitment of antigen-nonspecific inflammatory cells into the liver. In patients with acute HBV infections, the percentage of Th17 cells in peripheral blood and concentration of IL-22 in serum were significantly increased. CONCLUSIONS IL-22 appears to be an important mediator of the inflammatory response following recognition of HBV by T cells in the liver. These findings might be relevant to the development of cytokine-based therapies for patients with HBV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA
- Center for Infectious Diseases, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi Province, 710038, China
| | - Melissa A. Cobleigh
- Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA
| | - Jian-Qi Lian
- Center for Infectious Diseases, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi Province, 710038, China
| | - Chang-Xing Huang
- Center for Infectious Diseases, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi Province, 710038, China
| | - Carmen J. Booth
- Section of Comparative Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA
| | - Xue-Fan Bai
- Center for Infectious Diseases, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi Province, 710038, China
| | - Michael D. Robek
- Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA
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Ateş F, Yalnız M, Alan S. Impact of liver steatosis on response to pegylated interferon therapy in patients with chronic hepatitis B. World J Gastroenterol 2011; 17:4517-22. [PMID: 22110283 PMCID: PMC3218143 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v17.i40.4517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2011] [Revised: 02/21/2011] [Accepted: 02/28/2011] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To evaluate the impact of liver steatosis upon response to given therapy in chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients. METHODS 84 consecutive CHB patients treated with 48-wk PEGylated interferon (PEG-IFN) therapy were enrolled. Baseline characteristics and sustained viral response (SVR) to PEG-IFN therapy were evaluated. RESULTS Mean body mass index (BMI) was 27.36 ± 4.4 kg/m². Six (7.1%) had hypertension and three (3.5%) had diabetes mellitus. Steatosis was present in 22.6% (19/84) of liver biopsy samples. Age, BMI, and triglyceride levels of the patients with hepatic steatosis were significantly higher than those without hepatic steatosis (P < 0.05). SVR to PEG-IFN therapy was 21.4% (18/84). Sixteen of these 18 CHB patients with SVR (88.9%) did not have any histopathologically determined steatosis. On the other hand, only two of the 19 CHB patients with hepatic steatosis had SVR (10.5%). Although the SVR rate observed in patients without steatosis (16/65, 24.6%) was higher compared to those with steatosis (2/19, 10.5%), the difference was not statistically significant (P > 0.05). CONCLUSION Occurrence of hepatic steatosis is significantly high in CHB patients and this association leads to a trend of decreased, but statistically insignificant, SVR rates to PEG-IFN treatment.
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Bota S, Sporea I, Sirli R, Popescu A, Dănilă M, Sendroiu M. Factors that influence the correlation of acoustic radiation force impulse (ARFI), elastography with liver fibrosis. Med Ultrason 2011; 13:135-140. [PMID: 21655540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
AIM To establish the influence of different factors on the correlation between liver stiffness (LS) measurements by ARFI and liver fibrosis, evaluated by liver biopsy (LB). We assessed the following factors: the success rate (SR) and interquartile range (IQR) interval, the place where ARFI was performed, liver steatosis, the quality of the specimen obtained by LB. METHODS We studied 471 patients: 82 with LB, 82 healthy volunteers and 307 with cirrhosis. We performed 10 valid ARFI measurements, a median value was calculated, expressed in meters/second. RESULTS Valid measurements were not obtained in 11 patients. There was a direct, strong, correlation (r=0.694) between ARFI and fibrosis (p<0.0001). There were no statistically significant differences between the mean ARFI values obtained in segments V vs. VIII (p=0.89). Considering the IQR and SR, the correlation of ARFI with fibrosis was: for IQR<30% and SR ≥ 60%: r=0.722 and for IQR>30% and/or SR ≤ 60%: r=0.268 (p=0.0001). The quality of the liver specimen (2-3 cm long vs. >3 cm) did not influence the correlation of ARFI with fibrosis. CONCLUSIONS To obtain the best correlation between ARFI and fibrosis, IQR must be <30% and SR ≥ 60%. These technical parameters must be introduced to improve the ARFI value for LS evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Bota
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timişoara, Romania.
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Tyagi P, Arora A. Approach to chronic hepatitis B virus infection. JNMA J Nepal Med Assoc 2011; 51:94-101. [PMID: 22916521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection constitutes one of the major global public health problems. Not only India and Nepal, East Asia is fighting with the same. About 30 percent of the world's population has serological evidence of current or past infection with HBV. By virtue of its different stage of presentation in different age groups of patients and the rapid mutation in the virus, the treatment of HBV requires thorough work-up and regular monitoring. Many new concepts have evolved in last decade in managing these patients, such as HBV Genotype, HBV DNA quantification and mutation analysis. The introduction of oral antivirals in the treatment of HBV infection has revolutionized the treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Tyagi
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, New Delhi, India
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Burduli NM, Krifaridi AS. [The influence of low-intensity laser radiation on the vascular endothelium function and the cytokine system in patients with chronic viral hepatitis]. Vopr Kurortol Fizioter Lech Fiz Kult 2011:30-34. [PMID: 21574295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The objective of the present work was to study the influence of low-intensity laser therapy on the cytokine system and the function of vascular endothelium in patients presenting with chronic viral hepatitis. The measurement of blood cytokine levels by an immunoenzyme assay revealed a decrease in the levels of anti-inflammatory IL-1-beta, IL-6, and TNF-alpha and a rise in proinflammatory IL-4 in the treated patients compared with the untreated ones. Medicamental therapy of chronic viral hepatitis did not cause a significant reduction in the plasma nitric oxide level whereas inclusion of low-intense laser irradiation in the combined treatment resulted in its normalization. It is concluded that the use of low-intense laser irradiation as a component of combined therapy of patients presenting with chronic viral hepatitis has marked beneficial effect on the cytokine system. Moreover, various methods of such laser therapy improve the functional activity of vascular endothelium and its NO-producing capacity.
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MESH Headings
- Adult
- Combined Modality Therapy
- Cytokines/blood
- Data Interpretation, Statistical
- Endothelium, Vascular/radiation effects
- Female
- Hepatitis B, Chronic/drug therapy
- Hepatitis B, Chronic/immunology
- Hepatitis B, Chronic/physiopathology
- Hepatitis B, Chronic/radiotherapy
- Hepatitis C, Chronic/drug therapy
- Hepatitis C, Chronic/immunology
- Hepatitis C, Chronic/physiopathology
- Hepatitis C, Chronic/radiotherapy
- Humans
- Low-Level Light Therapy/methods
- Male
- Nitrates/blood
- Nitrites/blood
- Treatment Outcome
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67
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Umbetova KT, Lazareva AS, Kiselevskiĭ MV, Parkhomenko IG, Volchkova EV, Pak SG. [Specific features of lymphoid infiltration in liver biopsy in patients with chronic viral hepatitis B and C]. TERAPEVT ARKH 2011; 83:31-33. [PMID: 22312881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
AIM To study characteristics of leukocytic infiltration of the liver in patients with chronic viral hepatitis B and C (CVHB and CVHC) with consideration of hepatitis activity and fibrosis severity. MATERIAL AND METHODS The examination of 37 patients with CVHB (n = 13) and CVHC (n = 24) included liver puncture biopsy by Mengini, subsequent histological and morphological investigation of liver biopsy with immunohisto- and immunocytochemistry. RESULTS In CVHB and CVHC patients leukocytic infiltrates (LI) of the liver present primarily with T-lymphocytes (CD3+), NKT cells (CD3+CD16+CD56+), NK cells (CD16+CD56+), T-regulatory lymphocytes (CD4+CD25+), cytotoxic T-lymphocytes (CD8+). Cytotoxic lymphocytes (CD8+) and NK cells (CD16+CD56+) detected in hepatic LI of patients with chronic viral hepatitis are similar in composition with cells in hepatic tissue infiltrates in autoimmune hepatitis. We are the first to detect the complex of T-regulatory cells (CD4+CD25+) in hepatic parenchyma of these patients. This complex suppresses cellular immune response in virus elimination and damaged tissues and supports development of persistent viral infection with autoimmune component. CONCLUSION The complex of T-regulatory cells (CD4+CD25+) isolated in hepatic LI evidences for existence of a morphofunctional base for autoimmune manifestations in the presence of persistent viral infection.
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68
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Pawłowska M, Halota W. [Long-term therapy with nucleoside analog entecavir (baraclude) in patients with chronic hepatitis B]. Przegl Epidemiol 2011; 65:313-317. [PMID: 21913482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Complications of HBV infection include cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), which together cause over 500.000 deaths annually. There are many risk factors of disease progression as: age, sex, comorbidities, family history, HBV genotypes, viral load, HBeAg status, disease stage etc. Chronic hepatitis B patients with high viral load have the highest risk of progressing to these life-threatening complications. The management of chronic hepatitis B currently rests with long-term therapy using nucleoside analogs. The goal of this therapy is sustained HBV DNA suppression, improving quality of life and preventing progression of the disease to cirrhosis, end-stage liver disease, HCC and death. The major limitations of long-term therapy is antiviral resistance. Entecavir provides sustained viral suppression and histological benefit with minimal resistance during long-term treatment of chronic hepatitis B, it is well-tolerable and has good safety profile, simple dosing and simple monitoring requirements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Małgorzata Pawłowska
- Katedra Chorób Zakaźnych i Hepatologii Collegium Medicum im. L. Rydygiera w Bydgoszczy Uniwersytet Mikolaja Kopernika w Toruniu.
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69
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Fujiwara K, Yasui S, Okitsu K, Yonemitsu Y, Oda S, Yokosuka O. The requirement for a sufficient period of corticosteroid treatment in combination with nucleoside analogue for severe acute exacerbation of chronic hepatitis B. J Gastroenterol 2010; 45:1255-62. [PMID: 20614156 DOI: 10.1007/s00535-010-0280-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2010] [Accepted: 06/11/2010] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prognosis of severe acute exacerbation of chronic hepatitis B is very poor if signs of liver failure appear. We have reported the efficacy of the early introduction of sufficient doses of corticosteroids (CSs) and nucleoside analogues (NAs), but the optimal period of immunosuppressive therapy has not been well demonstrated. In this study, we analyzed patients with severe acute exacerbation of chronic hepatitis B treated with CSs and NAs, prospectively, in order to clarify the factors affecting their outcome. METHODS Ten patients, admitted to our liver unit between 2000 and 2009, were defined as having severe exacerbation of chronic hepatitis B based on our uniform criteria, and were enrolled in this study. NAs and sufficient doses of CS were introduced as soon as possible after making the diagnosis of severe disease prospectively. RESULTS Seven of the 10 patients recovered. The absence of fulminant hepatitis on admission, the improvement of prothrombin time (PT) activity and the decline of hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA during the first 2 and 4 weeks, respectively, were significant in the recovered patients, while the worsening of total bilirubin level during 4 weeks, especially between week 2 and week 4, was significant in those who died. CONCLUSIONS In severe acute exacerbation of chronic hepatitis B, more than a few weeks of CS treatment in combination with an NA is required in the early stage, whereas a short period of conventional pulse therapy would be insufficient for treating this condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keiichi Fujiwara
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba, 260-8670, Japan.
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71
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Sun QF, Ding JG, Wang XF, Fu RQ, Yang JX, Hong L, Xu XJ, Wang JR, Wu JG, Xu DZ. Efficacy and safety of intravenous stronger neo-minophagen C and S-adenosyl-L-methionine in treatment of pregnant woman with chronic hepatitis B: a pilot study. Med Sci Monit 2010; 16:PR9-PR14. [PMID: 20671623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There have been no studies evaluating the efficacy and potential risks of stronger neo-minophagen C (SNMC) in pregnant women with chronic hepatitis B CHB. MATERIAL/METHODS A total of 36 pregnant women with CHB, but without severe complications, were randomized to intravenously receive SNMC or S-adenosyl-L-methionine (SAM) daily for 4 weeks or until birth. Normalization of serum alanine transaminase (ALT) and aspartate transaminase (AST) levels and changes in ALT and AST levels from baseline were determined. All neonates were regularly examined for up to 1 year. RESULTS Treatment with SNMC and SAM resulted in normalization of ALT levels at 4 weeks in 64.3% and 21.4% of patients, respectively (OR=6.60, 95% CI: 1.23-35.44, P=0.0540). SNMC and SAM significantly decreased ALT (from 558.28+/-390.24 to 47.07+/-24.94 IU/L, P<0.0001 and from 525.61+/-483.87 to 117.43+/-85.44 IU/L, P=0.0041, respectively) and AST (from 419.72+/-409.49 to 38.14+/-18.87 IU/L, P=0.0016, and from 510.78+/-621.58 to 79.93+/-63.25 IU/L, P=0.0152, respectively) at 4 weeks relative to baseline values. Hypokalemia was observed in 4 SNMC-treated patients and in 2 SAM-treated patients and hypernatremia in 3 SNMC-treated and in 3 SAM-treated patients. Hypertension was observed in 1 SNMC-treated patient. There was no significant difference in the volume of amniotic fluid or meconium between SNMC-treated and SAM-treated groups. All the neonates were physically normal at birth and at the 1-year follow-up examination. CONCLUSIONS Both SNMC and SAM improve liver function, with SNMC appearing more effective, in pregnant women with chronic hepatitis B without impact on fetal development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing-Feng Sun
- Department of Infectious Diseases, 3rd Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical College, Ruian, Zhejiang, P.R. China
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72
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Abstract
In this article, the 4 phases of chronic HBV infection are reviewed and the factors that are associated with disease progression and the development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and cirrhosis are discussed. Also discussed is what is known to date about how to identify persons at the highest risk of developing HCC and/or cirrhosis. Finally, ways in which the natural history can be altered by hepatitis B vaccination and identification, close monitoring, and appropriate treatment of chronically infected individuals are reviewed.
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73
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Abstract
Studies have shown that hepatitis B virus (HBV) replication is the key driver of disease progression, including development of cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), in patients with chronic HBV infection. Among the currently available anti-HBV drugs, the most extensive and longest experience has been gained with conventional interferon alpha (IFN) and lamivudine. Both controlled studies and meta-analyses have shown that a finite course of IFN therapy has long-term benefit in achieving cumulative response and corresponding reduction of cirrhosis and/or HCC. Maintained virological response to lamivudine therapy has similar long-term benefits in reducing disease progression. Although emergence of lamivudine drug resistance may negate therapeutic effect, rescue drugs are now available to overcome the adverse effect of drug resistance. Pegylated IFN and newer nucleos(t)ide analogs may have even better long-term outcomes because of better therapeutic efficacy and/or much lower risk of drug resistances. However, the treatment outcomes are still far from satisfactory. The development of safe and affordable anti-HBV agents/strategies is needed to further improve outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Fan Liaw
- Liver Research Unit, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan.
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74
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Beloborodova EI, Chelnova IP, Beloborodova EV, Chelnov VG, Tiukalova LI, Purlik IL, Chvyrina DV, Shkorlupa SG. [Myocardial structural and functional changes in patients with chronic viral hepatitis concurrent with chronic opisthorchiasis]. Med Parazitol (Mosk) 2010:16-20. [PMID: 20873374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the investigation was to study the myocardium in patients with chronic viral hepatitis concurrent with chronic opisthorchiasis. Ninety patients with chronic viral hepatitis, including 52 patients with this disease concurrent with chronic opisthorchiasis, were examined. Doppler echocardiography indicated a statistically significant increase in left ventricular mass regardless of the presence of Opisthorchis infestation. Analysis of left ventricular diastolic dysfunction showed its great degree in chronic hepatitis C. Single-photon emission computed tomography with 99mTc-pyrophosphate revealed focal tracer incorporation in the myocardium of most patients with Opisthorchis infestation. A third of patients with chronic viral hepatitis showed moderate diffuse trace accumulation that was significantly more frequently found in chronic hepatitis C. Single photon-emission tomography with labeled leukocytes demonstrated abnormal accumulation in none of the patients; troponin T levels were in the normal allowable range. Myocardial lesion was detected in the chronic course of viral hepatitis C concurrent with chronic opisthorchiasis that was unattended by cardiomyocyte necrosis and that was dystrophic.
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75
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Abstract
The hepatitis B virus (HBV) is a small enveloped DNA virus, which primarily infects hepatocytes and causes acute and persistent liver disease. Epidemiological studies have provided overwhelming evidence for a causal role of chronic HBV infection in the development of hepatocellular carcinoma, but the molecular mechanisms underlying virally-induced tumourigenesis remain largely debated. In the absence of a dominant oncogene encoded by the HBV genome, indirect roles have been proposed, including insertional activation of cellular cancer-related genes by HBV DNA integration, induction of genetic instability by viral integration or by the regulatory protein HBx, and long-term effects of viral proteins in enhancing immune-mediated liver disease. Recent genetic studies indicate that HBV-related tumours display a distinctive profile with a high rate of chromosomal alterations and low frequency of beta-catenin mutations. This review will discuss the evidence implicating chronic HBV infection as a causal risk factor of primary liver cancer. It will also discuss the molecular mechanisms that are critical for the tumourigenic process due to long lasting infection with HBV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Neuveut
- Oncogenesis and Molecular Virology Unit, Institut Pasteur, Inserm U579, 28 rue du Dr Roux, Paris cedex 15, France
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76
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Thomas DL, Di Bisceglie AM, Alter HJ, Terrault NA. Understanding the natural history of chronic HBV and HCV infections. J Fam Pract 2010; 59:S17-S22. [PMID: 20398586 PMCID: PMC5478176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Activity 2: Understanding the natural history of chronic HBV and HCV infections
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Affiliation(s)
- David L Thomas
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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77
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78
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Goertz RS, Zopf Y, Jugl V, Heide R, Janson C, Strobel D, Bernatik T, Haendl T. Measurement of liver elasticity with acoustic radiation force impulse (ARFI) technology: an alternative noninvasive method for staging liver fibrosis in viral hepatitis. Ultraschall Med 2010; 31:151-155. [PMID: 20306380 DOI: 10.1055/s-0029-1245244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The acoustic radiation force impulse (ARFI) technology is a novel ultrasound method that provides information about the local elasticity of tissue in real-time. ARFI is integrated in a conventional ultrasound system. The aim of this exploratory study was to evaluate this new technique in the assessment of liver fibrosis in a cohort with chronic viral hepatitis B and C and to ascertain the most reliable hepatic segment for measurements. MATERIALS AND METHODS 57 patients (27 female, 30 male, mean age 54 years) with chronic viral hepatitis B and C underwent ARFI imaging and consecutively liver biopsy. The results were compared to the histological fibrosis degree (F), which served as the reference. 20 healthy volunteers received ARFI quantification of different segments of the liver. RESULTS The best ARFI assessments with the lowest rate of invalid measurements were carried out by an intercostal approach to segment VII/VIII of the liver. The ARFI velocities of the healthy group had a mean of 1.09 m/s (range 0.79 - 1.32 m/s), the means of the patient group ranged from 0.83 to 4.19 m/s. ARFI quantification correlated significantly with the histological fibrosis stage (p < 0.001). The area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves for the accuracy of ARFI imaging was 85 %, 92 % and 87 % for the diagnosis of moderate fibrosis (>or= F2), severe fibrosis (>or= F3) and cirrhosis ( = F 4), respectively. CONCLUSION This study underscores the usefulness of ARFI as a quick method for assessing liver fibrosis or cirrhosis in patients with HBV or HCV. ARFI measurements of the liver should be performed via an intercostal access. Increasing ARFI velocities correlate with higher degree of hepatic fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- R S Goertz
- Departement of Internal Medicine 1, University of Erlangen.
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79
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Abstract
The adaptive immune response is thought to be responsible for viral clearance and disease pathogenesis during hepatitis B virus infection. It is generally acknowledged that the humoral antibody response contributes to the clearance of circulating virus particles and the prevention of viral spread within the host while the cellular immune response eliminates infected cells. The T cell response to the hepatitis B virus (HBV) is vigorous, polyclonal and multispecific in acutely infected patients who successfully clear the virus and relatively weak and narrowly focussed in chronically infected patients, suggesting that clearance of HBV is T cell dependent. The pathogenetic and antiviral potential of the cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) response to HBV has been proven by the induction of a severe necroinflammatory liver disease following the adoptive transfer of HBsAg specific CTL into HBV transgenic mice. Remarkably, the CTLs also purge HBV replicative intermediates from the liver by secreting type 1 inflammatory cytokines thereby limiting virus spread to uninfected cells and reducing the degree of immunopathology required to terminate the infection. Persistent HBV infection is characterized by a weak adaptive immune response, thought to be due to inefficient CD4+ T cell priming early in the infection and subsequent development of a quantitatively and qualitatively ineffective CD8+ T cell response. Other factors that could contribute to viral persistence are immunological tolerance, mutational epitope inactivation, T cell receptor antagonism, incomplete down-regulation of viral replication and infection of immunologically privileged tissues. However, these pathways become apparent only in the setting of an ineffective immune response, which is, therefore, the fundamental underlying cause. Persistent infection is characterized by chronic liver cell injury, regeneration, inflammation, widespread DNA damage and insertional deregulation of cellular growth control genes, which, collectively, lead to cirrhosis of the liver and hepatocellular carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- F V Chisari
- Department of Immunology and Microbial Science, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
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80
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Liang JX, Zeng WT, Zhu KL, Zhang H, Wei JJ. [Effects of Danqi Huogan Capsule in protecting the liver, promoting circulation and removing clots in patients with chronic hepatitis B]. Nan Fang Yi Ke Da Xue Xue Bao 2010; 30:379-81. [PMID: 20159729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the effect of Danqi Huogan Capsule in protecting the liver, promoting the circulation and removing blood clots in patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB). METHODS A total of 104 CHB patients were randomized into two groups. Routine therapies for liver protection were given in the control group (n=50), and Danqi Huogan Capsule was administered in the therapeutic group (n=54) in addition to the routine therapies. The changes in the clinical symptoms, physical signs, liver functions, and hemorrheology were observed after the 3-month therapies. RESULTS Danqi Huogan Capsule treatment obvious improved the clinical symptoms, physical signs and liver functions of the patients (P<0.01), and significantly decreased the hematocrit, low-shear blood viscosity, plasma viscosity and index of red blood cell aggregation (P<0.05). CONCLUSION Danqi Huogan Capsule is effective in protecting the liver, improving hemorrheology, promoting the blood circulation and removing clots in patients with chronic hepatitis B.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-xin Liang
- Department of Infection Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical College, Guangzhou 510120, China.
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81
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Kilic M, Dogan Y, Taskin E, Sen Y, Kalpaklioglu AF. Desensitization protocol administered successfully with interferon-alpha 2a in a child with chronic hepatitis B infection. J Investig Allergol Clin Immunol 2010; 20:447-448. [PMID: 20945616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- M Kilic
- Department of Paediatric Allergy and Immunology, Firat University, Faculty of Medicine, Elazig, Turkey.
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82
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Song HY, Jiang CH, Yang JR, Chen QH, Huang J, Huang YH, Liang LX. [The change of intestinal mucosa barrier in chronic severe hepatitis B patients and clinical intervention]. Zhonghua Gan Zang Bing Za Zhi 2009; 17:754-758. [PMID: 19874691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To study the change of intestinal mucosa barrier in chronic severe hepatitis B patients and clinical intervention. METHOD (1) 30 normal healthy controls and 60 chronic severe hepatitis B patients were enrolled in this study. The change of intestinal permeability was determined by urine lactulose/ mannitol ratio (L/M), and the serum diamine oxidase (DAO) was measured. (2) 60 chronic severe hepatitis B patients were randomly divided into two groups: the control group and the treated group, each group has 30 cases. Patients in the control group received standard treatment for 2 weeks, however, in addition to standard treatment, patients in the treated group also received glutamine 10g tid. Endotoxin (ET), DAO and L/M were compared between the two group. RESULTS (1) Compared to healthy controls, the level of L/M and DAO was significantly increased in chronic severe hepatitis B patients (t = 2.762, P less than 0.01 or t = 6.326, P less than 0.01). (2) Compared to the control group, ET, DAO and L/M were significantly lower 2 weeks after treatment (F = 11.662, P less than 0.01; F = 12.699, P less than 0.01; F = 19.981, P less than 0.01). CONCLUSION (1) There is an early intestinal mucosa barrier damage in chronic severe hepatitis B patients. (2) Compared to standard treatment, adding glutamine can reverse intestinal mucosa barrier damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huai-Yu Song
- Deparment of Gastroenterology, the People Hospital of Guangxi Zhuangzu Autonomous Region, Nanning 530021, China
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Huang CC, Lin WB, Chang PH, Chan KC, Lee TJ. Sudden deafness as a presenting symptom of chronic hepatitis B with acute exacerbation. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2009; 141:659-60. [PMID: 19861211 DOI: 10.1016/j.otohns.2009.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2009] [Revised: 02/17/2009] [Accepted: 05/08/2009] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chi-Che Huang
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, Kwei-Shan, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan
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84
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Abstract
Since the introduction of the hepatitis B vaccine and other preventive measures, the worldwide prevalence of hepatitis B infection has fallen. However, chronic infection remains a challenging global health problem, with more than 350 million people chronically infected and at risk of hepatic decompensation, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. An improved understanding of hepatitis B virology, immunology, and the natural course of chronic infection, has identified hepatitis B virus replication as the key driver of immune-mediated liver injury and disease progression. The approval of potent oral antiviral agents has revolutionised hepatitis B treatment since 1998. Conventional and pegylated interferon alfa and nucleoside and nucleotide analogues are widely authorised treatments, and monotherapy with these drugs greatly suppresses virus replication, reduces hepatitis activity, and halts disease progression. However, hepatitis B virus is rarely eliminated, and drug resistance is a major drawback during long term therapy. The development of new drugs and strategies is needed to improve treatment outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Fan Liaw
- Liver Research Unit, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
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85
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Burduli NM, Krifaridi AS. [Effect of low-intensity laser radiation on the function of vascular endothelium in patients with chronic viral hepatitis]. Klin Med (Mosk) 2009; 87:49-52. [PMID: 19256261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the study was to measure plasma levels of stable metabolites of nitric oxide, nitrates, and nitrites (NOx) in patients with chronic viral hepatitis and evaluate the possibility of their correction by low-power laser irradiation. NO metabolites (total nitrites and nitrates) were measured colorimetrically from the development of colour in the reaction of nitrite with sulfanilamide diazotization in Griess reagent. Colour intensity was determined with Victor2 enzyme immunoanalyzer, Perkin Elmaer (Finland). The patients were divided into three groups. In group 1 (control, n = 30) they received combined medicamentous therapy, in group 2 (n = 45) medicamentous therapy and a course of intravenous laser therapy, in goup 3 (n = 45) medicamentous therapy and skin laserotherapy. The results indicate that medicamentous treatment of patients with chronic hepatitis does not bring any beneficial changes in plasma NOx whose levels are significantly improved in case of simultaneous laser therapy. It is concluded that different laserotherapeutic modalities have beneficial effect on NO-producing function of endothelium and thereby improve its functional state. Compensation of NO deficit by laser therapy ensures overall protection of the organism against free radicals and decreases severity of oxidative stress.
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Pozzi M, Pizzala DP, Maldini FF, Doretti A, Ratti L. Portal pressure reduction after entecavir treatment in compensated HBV cirrhosis. Hepatogastroenterology 2009; 56:231-235. [PMID: 19453064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
A Caucasian male aged 54 year was referred to our liver centre for the management of HBV-related cirrhosis. Prior treatment with recombinant alpha-interferon followed by lymphoblastoid interferon was only temporarily effective and the patient refused antiviral treatment with lamivudine. When admitted to our unit, the patient had a Child-Pugh score of A6, high HBV DNA load (4 x 10(6) IU/ml) and evidence of cirrhotic cardiomyopathy. Hepatic venous pressure gradient (HVPG) was 29mm Hg, indicative of clinically severe portal hypertension. Following 3 months of treatment with entecavir, tests for HBV DNA were negative, and 9 months after therapy started, HVPG was measured as 24mm Hg, a reduction from baseline of 17%. These findings indicate that sustained suppression of HBV DNA replication by entecavir in compensated cirrhosis with severe portal hypertension leads to a portal pressure reduction, without the need for vaso-active drugs, as measured using the transjugular HVPG approach described here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Massimo Pozzi
- Centro Epatologia, Clinica Medica AO San Gerardo (Monza), Università degli Studi Milano-Bicocca, Italy.
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87
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Dubanova OP, Belavina IA, Tsymliakova LS, Fedoseeva ON. [Splenorectal blood flow in chronic viral hepatitis B and C]. Klin Med (Mosk) 2009; 87:50-55. [PMID: 20017352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the study was to compare results of dopplerography characterizing hepatic and splenic blood flow at different stages of chronic viral hepatitis B and C and correlate them with histological findings and sclerosis. The study included 79 patients of whom 45 had chronic hepatitis B (CHB) and 34 hepatitis C (CHC). The most sensitive dopplerographic characteristics proved to be congestion index, liver vascular index, and hepatic hypertension index that started to change significantly at minimal activity of hepatitis and greatly deteriorated after development of liver cirrhosis. In both cases venous blood flow was affected more seriously than arterial one. Hepatic hyperperfusion progressed faster in CHC than in CHB. Dopplerographic characteristics correlated with histologic activity index, its components, and sclerosis index. Hence, the possibility of using dopplerographic studies for the evaluation of hepatic and splenic vasculature and indirect assessment of morphological changes in the liver.
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88
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Xu QH, Shu X, Chen LB, Huang HH, Zhang K, Li G. [Relationships between liver function test, serum HBeAg or HBV DNA level and liver pathological changes in patients with chronic hepatitis B]. Zhonghua Shi Yan He Lin Chuang Bing Du Xue Za Zhi 2008; 22:422-424. [PMID: 19544633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between liver function test, serum HBeAg, HBV DNA level and liver pathological changes in patients with chronic hepatitis B. METHODS 233 patients with chronic hepatitis B accept liver puncture biopsy, liver function test, HBeAg detection and HBV DNA fluorescent quantitation PCR detection. Comparisons of liver function test, HBeAg and HBV DNA level were conducted among different liver pathological changes including inflammation grading and fibrosis staging. RESULTS In different inflammation grading groups, ALT was highest in group G3 and lowest in group G(0-1)(P = 0.016); TBil was highest in group G4 and lowest in group G(0-1) (P = 0.000); HBV DNA level was highest in group G4 and lowest in group G(0-1), but not statistically significant among groups (P = 0.463). In different fibrosis staging groups, ALT was highest in group S3 and lowest in group S(0-1), but not statistically significant among groups (P = 0.562); TBil was highest in group S4 and lowest in group S2 (P = 0.039); HBV DNA level was highest in group S3 and lowest in group S(0-1), but not statistically significant among groups (P = 0.395). In HBeAg positive group,the proportion of G(3-4) in inflammation grading or S(3-4) in fibrosis staging was lower than that in HBeAg negative group (46% vs. 52%, P = 0.438; 38% vs. 53%, P = 0.025; respectively). CONCLUSION HBV DNA level can not indicate the severity of liver inflammation or fibrosis in chronic HBV infection. Patients with HBeAg negative often are complicated with more severity of liver fibrosis. In routine liver function test, TBil level correlates with liver inflammation grading or fibrosis staging; ALT level also correlates with liver inflammation grading but not with fibrosis staging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi-huan Xu
- Department of Infectious Disease, Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yet-sen University, Guangzhou 510630, China.
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89
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Gu XB, Jiang XH, Jiang YM, Wang D, Hua Z, Wu HY, Chen HK, Xu YQ, Lu ZH. [Relationships of HBV genotypes and HBV lymphocytes and clinical features of chronic hepatitis B patients]. Zhonghua Gan Zang Bing Za Zhi 2008; 16:700-701. [PMID: 18822215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xi-bing Gu
- Department of Liver Diseases, Wuxi Hospital for Infectious Diseases, Wuxi 214005, China.
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90
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Zhou XJ, Huang WB. [Evaluation of different grading and staging systems of chronic hepatitis and problems in application]. Zhonghua Bing Li Xue Za Zhi 2008; 37:636-640. [PMID: 19094592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
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91
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Tan NC, Cheah SL, Teo EK, Yang LH. Patients with chronic hepatitis B infection: what is their quality of life? Singapore Med J 2008; 49:682-687. [PMID: 18830541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Hepatitis B (HBV) is endemic in Singapore. This study aimed to determine the quality of life of patients with chronic HBV infection (HBV carriers) on conservative management. They were reviewed in primary care facilities and in a district hospital in Singapore. METHODS This cross-sectional survey utilised a validated Hepatitis Quality of Life questionnaire, which incorporated the SF-36 health survey, to assess a convenience sample of HBV carriers' quality of life in 14 domains. The mean scores in each domain were determined, with higher scores indicating better health. Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney test was used in the data analysis to determine statistical significance (p-value is less than 0.05). RESULTS The mean age of 108 participants was 44.1 (standard deviation 12.5) years. They were predominantly Chinese (90.7 percent), male (58.3 percent) and 50.7 percent of them had family members who were HBV-infected. The latter had higher scores in the hepatitis specific limitation (HLIM) domain. The majority did not have any impaired physical nor mental health. In comparison with the healthy peers in the local population, the Chinese HBV carriers scored significantly lower in the "social functioning" domain (p-value is less than 0.001), regardless of gender. CONCLUSION The majority of HBV carriers had good physical and mental health. Physicians should recognise the impact of the chronic infection on the social aspects of daily living of the HBV carriers, and such issues should be addressed appropriately to provide better quality care.
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Affiliation(s)
- N C Tan
- SingHealth Polyclinics - Pasir Ris, 1 Pasir Ris Drive 4, #01-11, Singapore 519457.
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92
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Durante AJ, Meek JI, St Louis T, Navarro VJ, Sofair AN. Quantifying the burden of chronic viral hepatitis-related cirrhosis hospitalizations in New Haven County, Connecticut. Conn Med 2008; 72:393-397. [PMID: 18763666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Chronic viral hepatitis can cause cirrhosis. Viral hepatitis-related cirrhosis may be causing an increasing health burden since exposure to hepatitis B virus and hepatitis C virus in the United States increased starting in the 1960s. Using hospital discharge data, we estimated the number of adult New Haven County residents hospitalized for cirrhosis and examined the proportion caused by chronic viral hepatitis. Data on etiology were obtained from hospital discharge records, death certificate information, and New Haven County Liver Study records. From 1 October 1999 to 30 September 2000, 269 adult New Haven County residents were hospitalized for cirrhosis in a New Haven County hospital, for an incidence of 43.2 per 100,000 population. The burden of viral hepatitis-related cirrhosis was 15.9 per 100,000. Hepatitis C virus was the most common viral etiology. Given the long period between initial infection and clinical decompensation, screening and treatment programs aimed at reducing viral hepatitis-related morbidity should reduce hospitalization rates.
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93
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Aguilar CE, Soliman AS, McConnell DS, Zekri AR, Banerjee M, Omar A, Sharawy M, Omar S, Raouf A, Sowers MR. Androgen profiles among Egyptian adults considering liver status. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2008; 23:e137-45. [PMID: 17524040 PMCID: PMC4275097 DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-1746.2007.04949.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Hepatitis C virus (HCV) and environmental hepatotoxins may have an indirect influence on health by altering the synthesis and function of hormones, particularly reproductive hormones. We aimed to evaluate liver diseases and sex steroid hormones in Egypt, which has the highest prevalence of HCV worldwide. METHODS We measured markers of hepatitis B virus (HBV), HCV and schistosomiasis infection as well as liver function in 159 apparently healthy subjects. We measured total testosterone (T), sex-hormone binding globulin (SHBG) and albumin, and calculated the free androgen index. RESULTS Anti-HCV antibodies were detected in 51% of men and 42% of women. Based on HCV reverse transcription PCR (RT-PCR) of 44 men and 33 women, 11% of men and 21% of women showed HCV viremia. There was schistosomiasis in 25% of men and 9% of women, and mixed HCV viremia and schistosomiasis in 57% of men and 52% of women. Compared with men with schistosomiasis only (mean 593.3 +/- 73.4 ng/dL), T was higher in men with mixed HCV viremia and schistosomiasis (mean 854.5 +/- 47.9 ng/dL; P = 0.006) and men with mixed chronic HCV and schistosomiasis (mean 812.1 +/- 43.3 ng/dL; P = 0.001). Men with mixed chronic HCV and schistosomiasis had also significantly higher SHBG (mean 57.7 +/- 3.9 ng/dL) than males with schistosomiasis only (mean 34.8 +/- SE 4.5 ng/dL; P = 0.0003). CONCLUSION Future investigations should consider that a high prevalence of asymptomatic liver disease may alter associations between hormone concentrations and chronic disease etiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina E Aguilar
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Amr S Soliman
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Daniel S McConnell
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Abdel-Rahman Zekri
- Department of Virology, The National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, Cairo
| | - Mousumi Banerjee
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | | | | | | | - Ahmed Raouf
- The Liver Disease Institute, Menofeia, Egypt
| | - MaryFran R Sowers
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
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94
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Chernyshev AL, Filimonov RM, Karasev AV, Neronov VA, Maksimov VA. [Combined treatment including ozonotherapy of patients with viral hepatitis ]. Vopr Kurortol Fizioter Lech Fiz Kult 2008:19-22. [PMID: 18655281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Patients with viral hepatitis have disturbances of biliary tract motor function with the tendency to hypertonus of Oddi's sphincter, changes of physic-colloid properties of bile with increase in density of gall and hepatic bile, pH shift to acid side, microlites formation, disorders in biochemical composition of bile. More than 80% patients have biliar insufficiency. According to our data, with the purpose to correct of disturbances of hepatic exocrine function in patients with viral hepatitis and to prevent stone formation, it is reasonable to use together with antiviral therapy also intravenous injection of ozonated physiological solution and preparations of ursodeoxycholic acid.
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95
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McMahon BJ. Natural history of chronic hepatitis B - clinical implications. Medscape J Med 2008; 10:91. [PMID: 18504503 PMCID: PMC2390714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Brian J McMahon
- Liver Disease and Hepatitis Program, Alaska Native Medical Center, Anchorage, Alaska, USA.
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96
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Wang RL, Ye XG, Ye LK. [Relationship between the genetic polymorphism of CYP3A5 gene and the clinical response to bicyclol in chronic hepatitis B]. Zhonghua Shi Yan He Lin Chuang Bing Du Xue Za Zhi 2008; 22:36-38. [PMID: 18414696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the relationship between the genetic polymorphisms of CYP3A5 and the clinical effectiveness of Bicyclol on patients with chronic hepatitis B to make individual medication possible. METHODS 34 cases of chronic hepatitis B were treated by bicyclol tablets for 24 weeks. Liver function indexes (ALT and AST) were determined before and after treatment. Blood CYP3A5 genotyping of each patient was determined by the PCR-RFLP analysis. RESULTS All subjects were genotyped for the CYP3A5*3 gene and divided into different group. The groups comprised subjects with CYP3A5*3 carriers (n=18) and CYP3A5*1 carriers (n=16) which include CYP3A5*1/*1 (n=2) and CYP3A5*1/*3 (n=14). Compared with pre-treatment, the serum ALT and AST levels were decreased obviously in all patients. The mean percentage reduction of serum ALT and AST levels were significantly greater in subjects with CYP3A5*3 carriers (79.73% and 74.76%) than in those with CYP3A5*1 carriers (65.90% and 49.63%; P < 0.05) The recovery rates of ALT and AST were significantly highter in CYP3A5*3 carriers than those in CYP3A5*1 carriers (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION CYP3A5 genotype has an impact on the therapeutic effects of Bicyclol. The subjects with CYP3A5*3 carriers is more effective than the subjects with CYP3A5*1 carriers. CYP3A5 genotyping may be helpful in predicting therapeutic effects of Bicyclol especially in the terms of decreasing ALT and AST.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruo-lun Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical College, Guangzhou 510260, China.
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97
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98
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Coppola N, Pisapia R, Tonziello G, Martini S, Imparato M, Piai G, Stanzione M, Sagnelli C, Filippini P, Piccinino F, Sagnelli E. Virological pattern in plasma, peripheral blood mononuclear cells and liver tissue and clinical outcome in chronic hepatitis B and C virus coinfection. Antivir Ther 2008; 13:307-318. [PMID: 18505182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We aim to evaluate in chronic hepatitis B virus-hepatitis C virus (HBV-HCV) coinfection the interplay of these viruses in liver tissue, peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC), and plasma and to analyze the effect on disease course and response to treatment. METHODS We enrolled 19 patients with chronic HBV-HCV coinfection, 20 with chronic HCV and 20 with chronic HBV infection at their first liver biopsy, all were naive for antiviral therapy. The patients' plasma, PBMC and liver biopsy samples were tested for HBV DNA and/or HCV RNA by real-time PCR, according to the presence/absence of hepatitis B surface antigen and antibodies against HCV in the serum. RESULTS Contemporary presence of HBV DNA and HCV RNA was rare in plasma (5.3% of cases) and PBMC (10.6%), but frequent in liver tissue (52.6%). Of 10 cases circulating only HCV RNA and treated with pegylated interferon (PEG-IFN) plus ribavirin for 12 months, two showed a sustained response, and eight cleared HCV RNA but became HBV-DNA-positive in plasma; these eight had detectable HBV DNA in liver at baseline. One patient, who was plasma HBV-DNA-positive/HCV-RNA-negative at baseline, showed a sustained response after 18 months of PEG-IFN treatment; another, who was plasma HBV-DNA/HCV-RNA-positive at baseline, cleared only HCV RNA during 12 months of PEG-IFN plus ribavirin treatment. Seven cases remained untreated. CONCLUSION Despite a reciprocal inhibition in plasma, HBV and HCV frequently coexist in liver tissue, a condition to be taken into consideration when deciding therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Coppola
- Department of Public Medicine, Second University of Naples, Italy
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99
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Wong VWS, Wong GLH, Tsang SWC, Hui AY, Chim AML, Yiu KKL, Chan HY, Chan FKL, Sung JJY, Chan HLY. Long-term follow-up of lamivudine treatment in patients with severe acute exacerbation of hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg)-positive chronic hepatitis B. Antivir Ther 2008; 13:571-579. [PMID: 18672536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The long-term efficacy of lamivudine treatment for patients suffering from severe acute exacerbation of hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg)-positive chronic hepatitis B is unknown. METHODS Consecutive patients with severe acute exacerbation of HBeAg-positive chronic hepatitis B were prospectively recruited from 1999 to 2004 and treated with lamivudine. All patients had alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and serum bilirubin levels 10x and 3x above the upper limit of normal, respectively. HBeAg-positive patients without severe acute exacerbation served as controls. RESULTS Forty-five patients with severe acute exacerbation and 31 controls were treated with lamivudine for a median of 2.8 (range 1.0-7.1) years and 3.8 (range 3.5-8.4) years, respectively. Compared with controls, patients with severe acute exacerbation had higher HBeAg seroconversion rates (78% versus 52%; P=0.02) and lower risk of virological breakthrough. However, 33% of patients with severe acute exacerbation still developed lamivudine resistance and virological breakthrough by year 5. HBV DNA levels at week 4 and prolonged baseline prothrombin time were independent factors associated with virological breakthrough. All patients with week 4 HBV DNA <3 log10 copies/ml had maintained virological response. Among 15 patients who stopped lamivudine after sustained HBeAg seroconversion for > or =6 months, 11 (73%) had virological relapse at a median of 1.4 (0.2-3.9) years. ALT increased beyond 10x the upper limit of normal in six (38%) patients who stopped lamivudine and two (7%) patients on maintained lamivudine treatment (P=0.02). CONCLUSION Among patients with severe acute exacerbation of HBeAg-positive chronic hepatitis B treated with lamivudine, virological breakthrough and post-treatment relapse are common despite a high rate of HBeAg seroconversion. Severe hepatitis flare is also common particularly among patients developing virological relapse after discontinuation of lamivudine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Wai-Sun Wong
- Institute of Digestive Disease, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR
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100
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Zhang X, Hong X, Deng G, Bai X. Single nucleotide polymorphisms and functional analysis of class II transactivator (CIITA) promoter IV in persistent HBV infection. J Clin Virol 2007; 40:197-201. [PMID: 17919972 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcv.2007.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2007] [Revised: 06/30/2007] [Accepted: 08/21/2007] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS CIITA plays a pivotal role in immune response, and the outcome of HBV infection is influenced by immune response. The aims of this study were to analyze the effect of CIITA promoter IV polymorphisms on its activity, and their association with persistent HBV infection. METHODS The polymorphisms in promoter IV (C-1350T and G-944C) were analyzed by tetra-primer amplification refractory mutation system polymerase chain reaction (ARMS-PCR), and four haplotypes were assigned in 1420 HBV infected subjects. The functional analysis on haplotypes of promoter IV was studied using pGL3-basic and pGL3-promoter vectors. RESULTS There were significantly decreased-TG and increased-CC haplotype frequencies in persistent HBV infected subjects (34.8% and 41.3%), compared with spontaneously recovered subjects (46.5% and 36.2%). There were significantly higher CC/CC and lower TG/TG genotype frequencies in persistent infected subjects (20.3% and 11.1%) than in spontaneously recovered subjects (10.9% and 23.1%). The mean relative luciferase activity of promoter IV were the highest in TG haplotype (0.558+/-0.023), and the lowest in CC haplotype (0.302+/-0.016). CONCLUSIONS The polymorphisms of CIITA promoter IV are associated with persistent HBV infection. The CC haplotype with the lowest activity of promoter and CC/CC genotype are responsible for persistent HBV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuqing Zhang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Southwest Hospital, Chongqing 400038, PR China.
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