51
|
Krow-Lucal E, Marin M, Shepersky L, Bahta L, Loehr J, Dooling K. Measles, Mumps, Rubella Vaccine (PRIORIX): Recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices - United States, 2022. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2022; 71:1465-1470. [PMID: 36395065 PMCID: PMC9707358 DOI: 10.15585/mmwr.mm7146a1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
Vaccination is the main means for preventing measles, mumps, and rubella virus infections and their related complications (1,2). Achieving and maintaining high 2-dose measles, mumps, and rubella vaccination coverage in the United States has led to elimination of endemic measles in 2000, rubella and congenital rubella syndrome in 2004, and a sharp decrease in mumps cases. However, measles and rubella remain endemic in many countries, leading to importations of cases and occasional local transmission within the United States (3). Reported U.S. mumps cases declined >99% from the prevaccine period (4); however, mumps is endemic worldwide, and since 2006, the number of mumps cases and mumps outbreaks has increased in the United States, with wider geographic spread since 2016 (4). Given the risk for importation of measles and rubella and the resurgence of mumps, maintaining high measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccination coverage is important. Since 1978, only one MMR vaccine, M-M-R II (Merck and Co., Inc.), has been available in the United States. On June 6, 2022, the Food and Drug Administration approved a second MMR vaccine, PRIORIX (GlaxoSmithKline Biologicals), for the prevention of measles, mumps, and rubella in persons aged ≥12 months. The three live attenuated viruses contained in PRIORIX are genetically similar or identical to the corresponding components in M-M-R II (Table) (5-7). On June 23, 2022, the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) unanimously recommended PRIORIX as an option to prevent measles, mumps, and rubella according to the existing recommended schedules and for off-label uses (i.e., indications not included in the package insert)* (1,2). ACIP considered PRIORIX to be safe, immunogenic, and noninferior to M-M-R II. Both PRIORIX and M-M-R II are fully interchangeable for all indications for which MMR vaccination is recommended. This report contains ACIP recommendations specific to PRIORIX and supplements the existing ACIP recommendations for MMR use (1,2).
Collapse
|
52
|
Isba R, Brennan L, Davies N, Knight J. Measles, mumps, and rubella vaccination coverage in children younger than 5 years attending a paediatric emergency department in Manchester, UK: a cross-sectional observational study. Lancet 2022; 400 Suppl 1:S51. [PMID: 36929997 DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(22)02261-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In 2019, the UK lost its WHO measles-free status, due to circulating measles virus and suboptimal coverage with the measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccine. The National Health Service (NHS) schedule recommends MMR vaccines at age 12 and 40 months. In England in 2020-21, MMR coverage did not meet the 95% target for herd immunity. This work is part of a project to develop a vaccination intervention delivered in the paediatric emergency department (PED). The aim of this study was to quantify unmet MMR-related vaccination need among PED attendees. METHODS This cross-sectional, single-centre observational study collected data on children (aged 1-5 years) attending a large district general PED in Greater Manchester, UK, from Oct 1 to Oct 31, 2021, with data collected on a single occasion. Ethics approval was for an opt-out approach. Vaccination data were extracted from individual electronic summary care records, as part of the primary care record visible within secondary care. Coverage in the study population was compared with data for the northwest of England from the Cover of Vaccination Evaluated Rapidly surveillance scheme for the period April 1, 2020 to March 31, 2021. χ2 tests were used to examine differences in proportions vaccinated. FINDINGS 1059 children aged 1-5 years attended the PED in October, 2021, and data for 977 children were included in this study. Among all children, 638 (65·3%) had at least one dose of MMR recorded in their summary care record. The most similar regional comparator was first-dose MMR by the age of 5 years, which was administered in 86 678 (95·2%) of 91 023 children in 2020-21 (p<0·0001). In our cohort, among eligible children older than 40 months (n=339), only 66 (19·5%) had received both MMR doses, compared with regional coverage (by age 5 years) in 79 535 (87·4%) of 91 023 children (p<0·0001). A power calculation showed 577 participants were needed to detect a 5% difference in second-dose MMR. INTERPRETATION Children younger than 5 years attending the PED had low rates of age-appropriate MMR vaccination coverage, suggesting considerable unmet need in these PED attendees. Other work within this project looks at tetanus coverage and sources of vaccination data. FUNDING None.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Isba
- Lancaster Medical School, Faculty of Health and Medicine, Lancaster University, UK; North Manchester General Hospital, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK.
| | - Louise Brennan
- Lancaster Medical School, Faculty of Health and Medicine, Lancaster University, UK
| | - Nigel Davies
- School of Computing and Communication, Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK
| | - Jo Knight
- Lancaster Medical School, Faculty of Health and Medicine, Lancaster University, UK
| |
Collapse
|
53
|
Liman AYJ, Wozniak LJ, de St Maurice A, Dunkel GL, Wanlass EM, Venick RS, McDiarmid SV. Low post-transplant measles and varicella titers among pediatric liver transplant recipients: A 10-year single-center study. Pediatr Transplant 2022; 26:e14322. [PMID: 35582739 DOI: 10.1111/petr.14322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Revised: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vaccine preventable illnesses are important sources of morbidity, mortality, and increased healthcare costs in pediatric LT recipients. Our aim was to measure the seroprevalence of antibodies to measles and VZV in this population. METHODS We conducted a retrospective chart review of 44 patients who received LT before age 18 at UCLA Mattel Children's Hospital from January 2008 to December 2017. RESULTS Median age at transplantation was 2.5 years (IQR 1.2-7.7). Post-transplant measles antibodies were present in 17 of 37 patients (46%); risk factors for seronegativity included younger age at transplant (p = .02) and greater time from transplant to testing (p = .04). Post-transplant VZV antibodies were present in 17 of 39 patients (44%); risk factors for seronegativity included greater time from transplant to testing (p = .04). 6 of 16 patients (38%) who tested positive for pre-transplant VZV antibodies tested negative after transplantation. Fourteen of 20 patients (70%) with at least 1 documented dose of the MMR vaccine tested positive for post-transplant measles antibodies. Ten of 20 of patients (50%) with at least 1 documented dose of the VZV vaccine tested positive for post-transplant VZV antibodies. We also describe 10 patients who received post-transplant measles and VZV vaccines without documented complications. CONCLUSIONS Our study suggests that pediatric LT patients are at greater risk of contracting measles and VZV despite vaccination status, and that prevalence of measles and VZV antibodies decreases as time from transplantation increases. This should weigh into the institutional risk-benefit assessment when deciding whether or not to administer LAVs to these patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Y J Liman
- Department of Pediatrics, Mattel Children's Hospital at UCLA Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Laura J Wozniak
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Mattel Children's Hospital at UCLA Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Annabelle de St Maurice
- Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Mattel Children's Hospital at UCLA Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Gregory L Dunkel
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Mattel Children's Hospital at UCLA Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Emy M Wanlass
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Mattel Children's Hospital at UCLA Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Robert S Venick
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Mattel Children's Hospital at UCLA Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Sue V McDiarmid
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Mattel Children's Hospital at UCLA Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| |
Collapse
|
54
|
Yang YY, Tang SW, Tang W, Fan JL, Li Z, Yang JW, Ren J, Li CS. [Antibody levels of measles, rubella and mumps viruses in healthy population in Shanghai from 2010 to 2020]. Zhonghua Yu Fang Yi Xue Za Zhi 2022; 56:1095-1100. [PMID: 35922237 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112150-20211116-01057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Objective: To determine IgG antibody levels of measles, rubella, mumps in healthy population in Shanghai from 2010 to 2020 and analyze the trend of antibody changes in different age groups. Methods: 10 828 healthy people without measles, rubella and mumps in Shanghai were included in the study from 2010 to 2020. Serum samples were collected from 12 age groups, and the serum IgG antibody of measles, rubella and mumps were detected by ELISA. The difference of antibody positive rates and antibody levels were analyzed. Results: The median age M (Q1, Q3) of 10 828 objects were 8 years old (9 months old, 20 years old). Males accounted for 48.34% (5 234/10 828) and females accounted for 50.92% (5 514/10 828). Unknown gender information accounted for 0.74% (80/10 828), and 27.03% (2 927/10 828) of participants had unknown MMR immunization history. The total positive rates of measles, rubella and mumps IgG antibody were 76.78%, 64.46% and 64.29% and their GMCs were 541.45 mIU/ml, 31.76 IU/ml and 133.73 U/ml respectively. There were significant differences in serum IgG antibody GMC of measles, rubella and mumps in each year (Fmeasles=180.74, P<0.001; Frubella=189.95, P<0.001; Fmumps=122.40, P<0.001). The positive rate of measles antibody was higher than that of rubella and mumps, and the difference was statistically significant (χ²=518.09, P<0.001). Conclusion: The level of measles IgG antibody in healthy people in Shanghai is higher, while the level of rubella and mumps IgG antibody is slightly lower.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Y Y Yang
- Department of Pathogen Biological Detection, Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai 200336, China
| | - S W Tang
- Department of Pathogen Biological Detection, Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai 200336, China
| | - W Tang
- Department of Pathogen Biological Detection, Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai 200336, China
| | - J L Fan
- Department of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Shanghai Minhang District Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai 201101, China
| | - Z Li
- Department of Pathogen Biological Detection, Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai 200336, China
| | - J W Yang
- Department of Pathogen Biological Detection, Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai 200336, China
| | - J Ren
- Department of Pathogen Biological Detection, Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai 200336, China
| | - C S Li
- Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity, Shanghai 200032, China
| |
Collapse
|
55
|
Moyer-Gusé E, Rader K, Lavis S. Transportation into an Entertainment Narrative about the MMR Vaccine: An Investigation of Self-Referencing and Issue-Related Thoughts in Narrative Persuasion. J Health Commun 2022; 27:585-592. [PMID: 36314638 DOI: 10.1080/10810730.2022.2138641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The current study considers how an entertainment narrative about childhood vaccination influences related attitudes. We consider the role of counterarguing in narrative persuasion by integrating extant research and theory to test cognitive mechanisms of narrative persuasion, namely self-referencing and positive issue-related thoughts. Results of this experiment show that exposure to a television narrative depicting the importance of the measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccine led to more favorable attitudes toward childhood vaccination as compared to a control group. As expected by narrative persuasion theorizing, transportation into the narrative predicted vaccine attitudes. In contrast to typical theorizing and some empirical results, counterarguing did not mediate that relationship, however, self-referencing and positive issue-related thinking did. Theoretical contributions and suggestions for future research expanding our understanding of issue-related thoughts are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emily Moyer-Gusé
- School of Communication, The Ohio State University, 43210-1339, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Kara Rader
- NORC, The University of Chicago, 60637, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Simon Lavis
- Centre for Excellence in Learning and Teaching, University of Suffolk, Ipswich, UK
| |
Collapse
|
56
|
Arnold JN, Gundlach N, Böckelmann I, Sammito S. Randomised Controlled Study on Measures to Increase Vaccination Rates among German Armed Forces Soldiers. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2022; 19:ijerph19148568. [PMID: 35886420 PMCID: PMC9324678 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19148568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Revised: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Vaccination is one of the most effective medical measures for preventing infectious diseases. Even though there are recommendations for specific occupational groups that have an increased risk of infection, e.g., armed forces personnel, there are gaps in the vaccination rates of this personal. We conducted a randomised and controlled cohort study to examine whether a computerised reminder system would increase the vaccination rates of active soldiers over a period of twelve months. A total of 506 soldiers with a mean age of 27.7 ± 6.5 years (experimental group (EG)) and 27.9 ± 6.3 years (control group (CG)) were included in our study. Only 26.2% of the EG and 31.3% of the CG had received the required vaccinations at the beginning of our study. The vaccination rates for influenza (50.5% and 49.1%) and tick-borne encephalitis (57.1% and 60.7%) were particularly low, for measles, mumps, and rubella they were high (94.3% and 97.8%). A highly significant increase (p < 0.001) in vaccination rates was observed for both groups during our study. The results revealed considerable vaccination gaps among German armed forces soldiers. Despite a highly significant increase in vaccination rates during the study, there is still a clear need for action.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jana Nele Arnold
- Bundeswehr Hospital Hamburg, 20359 Hamburg, Germany;
- Department of Occupational Medicine, Otto-von-Guericke Universität, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany;
| | - Nils Gundlach
- Medical Clinic Rotenburg (Wümme), 27356 Rotenburg, Germany;
| | - Irina Böckelmann
- Department of Occupational Medicine, Otto-von-Guericke Universität, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany;
| | - Stefan Sammito
- Department of Occupational Medicine, Otto-von-Guericke Universität, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany;
- German Air Force Centre for Aerospace Medicine, 51147 Cologne, Germany
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
57
|
Li MM, Yuan DF, Liu YX, Liu YB, Wang B. [Meta analysis on mumps virus seroprevalence and evaluation of immunization effect in Chinese healthy population]. Zhonghua Yu Fang Yi Xue Za Zhi 2022; 56:994-1003. [PMID: 35899355 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112150-20220402-00313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Objective: To systematically analyze the IgG seroprevalence of mumps virus (MuV) in Chinese healthy population, and evaluate the immune effect based on the immunization strategy and the incidence of mumps in China. Methods: The databases of Wanfang data knowledge service platform, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, SinoMed, PubMed, and Web of Science were searched to retrieve literature about the level of MuV IgG antibody in Chinese healthy population from January 1, 2000, to March 31, 2022. The quality of eligible papers was appraised by using the cross-sectional study evaluation tool from Joanna Briggs Institute. Data analysis, including the stratified analysis of the IgG seroprevalence in different generations, regions, gender, immunization status, and age groups, was performed using R 4.1.2 and Stata 16.0. Results: A total of 69 papers (66 in Chinese and 3 in English) were included, involving 97 034 people in 26 administrative regions across China. The results showed that the MuV IgG seroprevalence in Chinese healthy population was 74.87% (95%CI: 71.41%-78.17%) and increased over time according to the cumulative Meta-analysis. The geometric mean concentration of antibody was 177.83 U/ml. The subgroup analysis showed that the positive rate of MuV IgG antibody increased with the age and vaccination doses. The positive rate of antibody in children aged from 0 to 17 months was only 32.42% (95%CI: 25.96%-38.88%). The highest positive rate was reported in North China, about 81.45% (95%CI: 75.76%-87.14%). In addition, the positive rate of MuV IgG antibody in urban population was higher than that in rural population (P<0.01) and the positive rate of MuV IgG antibody in women was higher than that in men (P<0.01). Conclusion: Since the vaccine was included in the expanded immunization program, the positive rate of mumps antibody in China has increased, and the antibody level varies in different regions and populations. It is still necessary to improve the MuV antibody level in Chinese healthy population, so as to better prevent and control the mumps epidemic in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M M Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Southeast University School of Public Health, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - D F Yuan
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Southeast University School of Public Health, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Y X Liu
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Southeast University School of Public Health, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Y B Liu
- Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Bei Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Southeast University School of Public Health, Nanjing 210009, China
| |
Collapse
|
58
|
Abstract
The resurgence of mumps in vaccinated adult populations has raised concerns about possible waning vaccine immunity or a potential lack of protection to the circulating strain. A number of individual studies have investigated if there are amino acid variations between the circulating wild-type strains and vaccine strains. In these studies, the HN and F mumps surface glycoproteins have been of interest, because of their role in viral infection, and because the HN protein is the target of neutralizing antibodies. Here, we summarize the single nucleotide variants and their potential effect that have been identified between mumps genotypes in the HN and F proteins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jasmine Rae Frost
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada; (J.R.F.); (S.S.)
| | - Saba Shaikh
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada; (J.R.F.); (S.S.)
| | - Alberto Severini
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada; (J.R.F.); (S.S.)
- JC Wilt Infectious Diseases Research Centre, NMLB, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3R2, Canada
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-204-789-6022; Fax: +1-204-318-2222
| |
Collapse
|
59
|
Yoshida S, Fujii N, Kamoi C, Kitamura W, Fujiwara H, Asada N, Nishimori H, Fujii K, Matsuoka KI, Maeda Y. Analysis of Immunity against Measles, Mumps, Rubella, and Varicella Zoster in Adult Recipients of Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation: A Single-Center Experience. Acta Med Okayama 2022; 76:247-253. [PMID: 35790354 DOI: 10.18926/amo/63718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Vaccine-preventable disease (VPD) infections are more severe in immunocompromised hosts. Vaccination against measles, mumps, rubella, and varicella zoster (VZV) (MMRV) is therefore recommended for hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HCT) recipients. However, studies on adult HCT recipients with VPD infections are limited. At our institution, we have systematically conducted serological MMRV tests as a part of check-up examinations during long-term follow-up (LTFU) after HCT since 2015. This retrospective study aimed to evaluate changes in the serostatus between before and 2 years after allogeneic HCT. Among 161 patients, the pre-transplant seropositivity was 82.7% for measles, 86.8% for mumps, 84.2% for rubella, and 94.3% for VZV. Among 56 patients who underwent LTFU including serological MMRV tests at 2 years after HCT, the percentages maintaining seroprotective antibody levels for measles, mumps, rubella and VZV were 71.5% (40/56), 51.8% (29/56), 48.2% (27/56), and 60.7% (34/56), respectively. Vaccination was recommended for 22 patients, and 12 were vaccinated. Among the 12 vaccinated patients, rates of seroconversion were examined in 2-6 patients for each of the four viruses. They were 100% (3/3) for measles, 33.3% (1/3) for mumps, 50% (3/6) for rubella, and 0% (0/2) for VZV. Further studies are warranted to clarify the effect of vaccination in adult HCT recipients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shohei Yoshida
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences
| | - Nobuharu Fujii
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Division of Transfusion, Okayama University Hospital
| | - Chihiro Kamoi
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Division of Transfusion, Okayama University Hospital
| | - Wataru Kitamura
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences
| | - Hideaki Fujiwara
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences
| | - Noboru Asada
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences
| | - Hisakazu Nishimori
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences
| | - Keiko Fujii
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences
| | - Ken-Ichi Matsuoka
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences
| | - Yoshinobu Maeda
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences
| |
Collapse
|
60
|
Abstract
Some physicians and parents request to measure antimeasles serum IgG antibodies after measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccination. Often, vaccine skeptical parents want to know if their child is "immune" after the first dose to avoid the second dose. In the usual healthy child, this should be discouraged for the following reasons. Commercially available antibody assays do not measure functional (neutralizing) antibodies. They cannot reliably measure immunity against measles and were designed to measure naturally acquired antibodies rather than those induced by vaccination. Furthermore, MMR also includes mumps and rubella vaccine viruses, which also require 2 doses for optimal protection; there is no reliable serologic correlate of protection for mumps. Therefore, the 2-dose MMR immunization concept is by far more effective, efficient and reliable than a single dose strategy based on a post-dose 1 positive anti-measles-IgG test. Consequently, physicians should resist the desire to measure antimeasles IgG antibodies unless there is a clear indication (e.g., immunodeficiency) or official recommendation as part of the national immunization program.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ulrich Heininger
- From the University of Basel Children's Hospital, Paediatric Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology Unit, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Stanley Plotkin
- Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
61
|
Chacon-Cruz E, Meroc E, Costa-Clemens SA, Clemens R, Verstraeten T. Economic Evaluation of Universal Varicella Vaccination in Mexico. Pediatr Infect Dis J 2022; 41:439-444. [PMID: 34966138 PMCID: PMC8997664 DOI: 10.1097/inf.0000000000003448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Universal varicella vaccination has proven to be cost-effective (CE) in countries where implemented. However, this has not been evaluated for Mexico. METHODS The yearly disease burden (varicella cases/deaths, outpatient visits, and hospitalizations) was derived from Mexican seroprevalence data adjusted to the 2020 population. The yearly economic burden was calculated by combining disease with Mexican unit cost data from both health care and societal perspectives. Four different vaccination strategies were evaluated: (1) 1 dose of varicella vaccine at 1 year old; (2) 2 doses at 1 and 6 years; (3) 1 dose of varicella vaccine at 1 year, and quadrivalent measles-mumps-rubella-varicella vaccine at 6 years; (4) 2 doses of measles-mumps-rubella-varicella vaccine at 1 and 6 years. We developed an economic model for each vaccination strategy where 20 consecutive birth cohorts were simulated. Vaccination impact (number of avoided cases/deaths) was evaluated for a 20-year follow-up period based on vaccine effectiveness (87% and 97.4% for 1 and 2 doses), and assuming a 95% coverage. We estimated annual costs saved, incremental cost-effectiveness ratio, and costs per life year gained. RESULTS Avoided cases during the 20-year follow-up with 1, and 2 doses were 20,570,722 and 23,029,751, respectively. Strategies 1 and 2 were found to be cost saving, and strategy 3 to be CE. Strategy 4 was not CE. Strategies 1 and 2 would allow saving annually $53.16 and $34.41 million USD, respectively, to the Mexican society. CONCLUSIONS Universal varicella vaccination, using 1 dose or 2 doses, would result in a cost-beneficial and CE public health intervention in Mexico.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Estelle Meroc
- P95 Pharmacovigilance and Epidemiology Services, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Sue Ann Costa-Clemens
- From the Institute for Global Health, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
- University of Oxford, Oxford, England
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
62
|
Abstract
Despite the development and deployment of effective COVID-19 vaccines, many regions remain poorly covered. Seeking alternative tools for achieving immunity against COVID-19 remains to be of high importance. "Trained immunity" is the nonspecific immune response usually established through administering live attenuated vaccines and is a potential preventive tool against unrelated infections. Evidence regarding a possible protective role for certain live attenuated vaccines against COVID-19 has emerged mainly for those administered as part of childhood vaccination protocols. This review summarizes the relevant literature about the potential impact of Bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) and measles, mumps and rubella (MMR) vaccines on COVID-19. Existing available data suggest a potential role for BCG and MMR in reducing COVID-19 casualties and burden. However, more investigation and comparative studies are required for a better understanding of their impact on COVID-19 outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Umayya Musharrafieh
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
- Department of Family Medicine, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Abdul Rahman Bizri
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
| |
Collapse
|
63
|
Anugulruengkitt S, Angsuwatcharakon P, Puthanakit T, Bunjoungmanee P, Srimuan P, Kowitdamrong E, Sawangsinth P, Sophonphan J, Tantawichien T, Tangsathapornpong A. Seroprevalence of mumps among children and adolescents in Thailand, 2020. Vaccine 2022; 40:1061-1064. [PMID: 35078667 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2022.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Revised: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Thailand has implemented single-dose mumps-containing vaccines since 1997 and two doses since 2010. This study aimed to describe the seroprevalence of mumps among children who received one- or two-dose mumps vaccines. A cross-sectional study of 145 children (aged 3-9 years) and 422 adolescents (10-18 years) was conducted. Mumps IgG seropositivity was defined as ≥ 22 RU/mL by EUROIMMUN ELISA method. The mumps seroprevalence was higher in children (82.1%, 95% CI 74.8-87.9) compared to adolescents (41.7%, 95% CI 37.0-46.6) who had received at least one dose of the mumps vaccine. Among those receiving 2 doses of mumps vaccine at ≥ 5 years after their last mumps vaccination, only 51.3% had maintained IgG ≥ 22 RU/ml. There was a reverse correlation between mumps IgG titer and the time interval from the second dose of mumps vaccine (R = -0.44, p < 0.001). A booster dose of MMR vaccine in young adults may be needed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Suvaporn Anugulruengkitt
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand; Center of Excellence for Pediatric Infectious Diseases and Vaccines, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.
| | | | - Thanyawee Puthanakit
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand; Center of Excellence for Pediatric Infectious Diseases and Vaccines, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Pornumpa Bunjoungmanee
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Thammasat University, Thailand
| | - Patchareeyawan Srimuan
- Center of Excellence for Pediatric Infectious Diseases and Vaccines, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Ekkasit Kowitdamrong
- Division of Virology, Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Panadda Sawangsinth
- Center of Excellence for Pediatric Infectious Diseases and Vaccines, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | | | - Terapong Tantawichien
- Queen Saovabha Memorial Institute, The Thai Red Cross Society, Bangkok, Thailand; Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Auchara Tangsathapornpong
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Thammasat University, Thailand
| |
Collapse
|
64
|
Ohfuji S, Tanaka T, Nakano T, Kase T, Kondo K, Fukushima W, Hirota Y. Annual trends in adverse events following mumps vaccination in Japan: A retrospective study. Vaccine 2022; 40:988-993. [PMID: 35058077 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2022.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In Japan, a monovalent mumps vaccine is provided on a voluntary basis. Due to public concerns over post-vaccination aseptic meningitis, the vaccination coverage is not high enough. The present study investigated the incidence of adverse events, including aseptic meningitis, after Torii strain-derived mumps vaccination. METHODS This retrospective, observational study used data collected by a vaccine manufacturer regarding adverse events following mumps vaccinations at medical institutions between 1992 and 2018. In addition, the number of Torii strain-derived mumps vaccines shipped each year was obtained. The incidence (per 100,000 doses) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated for all adverse events and each adverse event, categorized as aseptic meningitis, encephalitis, mumps, mumps complications, and others. RESULTS During the study period, 8,262,121 mumps vaccine doses were shipped, and 688 subjects reported adverse events. The incidence for all adverse events (per 100,000 doses) was 8.33, and the incidence was 4.19 for aseptic meningitis, 0.33 for encephalitis, 0.80 for mumps, 0.25 for mumps complications, and 3.78 for others. The incidence of aseptic meningitis (per 100,000 doses) was 7.90 (95% CI: 5.61-10.18) between 1998 and 2000 but declined by half, to 3.91 (2.46-5.36), between 2001 and 2003. The most recent incidence (per 100,000 doses) of aseptic meningitis, for the period 2016 to 2018, was 2.78 (1.94-3.62). CONCLUSION The incidence of post-vaccination aseptic meningitis has declined significantly since 2001, and the incidence has remained stable at fewer than 3 cases per 100,000 doses since 2010. Multiple factors might have contributed to the decline in aseptic meningitis incidence, including (i) lowered misclassification of aseptic meningitis resulting from echovirus infection; (ii) changes in the vaccine manufacturing process in 2000; and (iii) publication in 2008 of the recommendation for vaccination of children at 1 year of age.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Satoko Ohfuji
- Department of Public Health, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-4-3 Asahi-machi, Abeno-ku, Osaka-city, Osaka 545-8585, Japan; Research Center for Infectious Disease Sciences, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-4-3 Asahi-machi, Abeno-ku, Osaka-city, Osaka 545-8585, Japan.
| | - Takaaki Tanaka
- Department of Pediatrics, Kawasaki Medical School General Medical Center, 2-6-1 Nakasange, Kita-ku, Okayama-city, Okayama 700-8505, Japan
| | - Takashi Nakano
- Department of Pediatrics, Kawasaki Medical School General Medical Center, 2-6-1 Nakasange, Kita-ku, Okayama-city, Okayama 700-8505, Japan
| | - Tetsuo Kase
- Department of Public Health, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-4-3 Asahi-machi, Abeno-ku, Osaka-city, Osaka 545-8585, Japan; Research Center for Infectious Disease Sciences, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-4-3 Asahi-machi, Abeno-ku, Osaka-city, Osaka 545-8585, Japan
| | - Kyoko Kondo
- Osaka City University Hospital, 1-4-3 Asahi-machi, Abeno-ku, Osaka-city, Osaka 545-8585, Japan
| | - Wakaba Fukushima
- Department of Public Health, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-4-3 Asahi-machi, Abeno-ku, Osaka-city, Osaka 545-8585, Japan; Research Center for Infectious Disease Sciences, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-4-3 Asahi-machi, Abeno-ku, Osaka-city, Osaka 545-8585, Japan
| | - Yoshio Hirota
- Department of Public Health, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-4-3 Asahi-machi, Abeno-ku, Osaka-city, Osaka 545-8585, Japan; Clinical Epidemiology Research Center, SOUSEIKAI, 3-5-1, Kashii-Teriha Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 813-0017, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
65
|
Prasad N, Turner N, Alexander S. Early childhood education staff are falling through a vaccination policy gap in New Zealand. N Z Med J 2022; 135:96-102. [PMID: 35728134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The recent COVID-19 vaccine mandate among early childhood education (ECE) staff highlights the important role ECE staff have in the transmission of infectious diseases. However, there are no data on general vaccine uptake for this group in New Zealand. Additionally, the importance of ECE staff vaccination as a strategy to prevent illness has been rarely promoted in the past, and recommendations for other vaccinations in this group are lacking. Here we present a section of data accessed from an ECE-sector employment survey of more than 4,000 teaching staff, which inquired into the immunisation status of respondents. The data indicated that self-reported immunisation coverage for whooping cough, hepatitis A, and hepatitis B among ECE staff was approximately 50%. Self-reported immunisation status was higher for measles, mumps, rubella, and chickenpox in this group. The findings highlight the need for more comprehensive vaccination policy and research in ECE settings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Namrata Prasad
- Immunisation Advisory Centre, University of Auckland Uniservices
| | - Nikki Turner
- Immunisation Advisory Centre, University of Auckland Uniservices; General Practice and Primary Care, University of Auckland
| | | |
Collapse
|
66
|
Comfort H, Lafta RK, Flaxman AD, Hagopian A, Duber HC. Association Between Subnational Vaccine Coverage, Migration, and Incident Cases of Measles, Mumps, and Rubella in Iraq, 2001–2016. Front Public Health 2022; 9:689458. [PMID: 35127606 PMCID: PMC8810510 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2021.689458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective This analysis examines governorate-level disease incidence as well as the relationship between incidence and the number of persons of concern for three vaccine-preventable diseases—measles, mumps, and rubella—between 2001 and 2016. Methods Using Iraqi Ministry of Health and United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) data, we performed descriptive analyses of disease incidence and conducted a pooled statistical analysis with a linear mixed effects regression model to examine the role of vaccine coverage and migration of persons of concern on subnational disease incidence. Results We found large variability in governorate-level incidence, particularly for measles (on the order of 100x). We identified decreases in incident measles cases per 100,000 persons for each additional percent vaccinated (0.82, 95% CI: [0.64, 1.00], p-value < 0.001) and for every additional 10,000 persons of concern when incorporating displacement into our model (0.26, 95% CI: [0.22, 0.30], p-value < 0.001). These relationships were insignificant for mumps and rubella. Conclusions National level summary statistics do not adequately capture the high geospatial disparity in disease incidence between 2001 and 2016. This variability is complicated by MMR vaccine coverage and the migration of “persons of concern” (refugees) during conflict. We found that even when vaccine coverage was constant, measles incidence was higher in locations with more displaced persons, suggesting conflict fueled the epidemic in ways that vaccine coverage could not control.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haley Comfort
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
- *Correspondence: Haley Comfort
| | - Riyadh K. Lafta
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, Al Mustansiriya University, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Abraham D. Flaxman
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
- Department of Health Metrics Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Amy Hagopian
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
- Department of Health Systems and Population Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Herbert C. Duber
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
- Department of Health Metrics Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
67
|
Glynn-Robinson A, Knapp JK, Durrheim DN. How Australia's measles control activities have catalyzed rubella elimination. Int J Infect Dis 2022; 114:72-78. [PMID: 34749012 PMCID: PMC8791076 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2021.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2021] [Revised: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND By 2017, rubella had been officially eliminated in Australia. This success was attributed to Australia's longstanding national immunization programme and two enhanced measles immunization activities using measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccines - the Measles Control Campaign (MCC) and the Young Adult MMR Campaign (YAC). Our study describes the impact of these activities on rubella incidence, and its elimination in Australia. METHODS Aggregate national serological survey data were assigned to birth cohorts, and mean, median, and age-group estimates calculated and analyzed against MMR immunization coverage estimates (1998-2018) and rubella notifications (1993-2018). Three-year cumulative incidences were calculated by birth cohort. RESULTS The serological surveys revealed high and stable levels of rubella immunity among females, but estimates for three male cohorts were lower. Since 2007, MMR immunization coverage among children aged 24-27 months has remained above 90% for both doses. The 3-year cumulative incidence of rubella declined across all birth cohorts following the MCC and the YAC. DISCUSSION Using MMR vaccines to address measles immunity gaps had the additional benefit of controlling rubella in Australia. Both the MCC and YAC shifted rubella epidemiology, accelerating the interruption of endemic transmission. Countries should consider combined measles and rubella vaccines for all catch-up activities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Glynn-Robinson
- Epidemiologist and independent investigator, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, 2604, Australia.
| | - Jennifer K Knapp
- Global Immunization Division, Center for Global Health, U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA, 30333, USA.
| | - David N Durrheim
- University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Newcastle, Australia; School of Medicine and Public Health, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, University Drive, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, 2308, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
68
|
Malysh N, Podavalenko A, Zadorozhna V, Biryukova S. Epidemiological peculiarities and analysis of the incidence time series of viral airborne infections in Ukraine in 2010-2020. Folia Med Cracov 2021; 61:101-114. [PMID: 35180206 DOI: 10.24425/fmc.2021.140008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Illnesses with aerosol mode of transmission dominate in the structure of infectious diseases. Influenced by natural, social and biological factors, epidemiological characteristics of the infectious diseases change, that's why the objective of this research was to determine modern peculiar features of the epidemiological situation regarding viral infections with aerosol transmission in Ukraine. Influenza incidence ranged from 31.14‒184.45 per 100 thousand people, other acute respiratory viral infections from 13685.24‒ 18382.5. Epidemic process of measles was characterized by increasing incidence in 2018 and 2019. In Ukraine, there is a tendency to reduce the incidence of rubella and mumps (р <0.05). The positive effect of immunization on the incidence of mumps and rubella has been established. Vaccination against measles cannot be considered as evidence of immunity against measles. The demographic situation in Ukraine may indirectly influence the intensity of the epidemic situation of viral infections with aerosol transmission.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nina Malysh
- Department of Infectious Diseases with Epidemiology, Sumy State University, Sumy, Ukraine.
| | - Alla Podavalenko
- Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Occupational Diseases, Kharkiv Medical Academy of Postgraduate Education, Kharkiv, Ukraine
| | - Victoriya Zadorozhna
- SI «Institute of Epidemiology and Infectious Diseases named after L.V. Gromashevsky National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine», Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Svitlana Biryukova
- Department of Microbiology, Bacteriology, Virology, Clinical and Laboratory Immunology, Kharkiv Medical Academy of Postgraduate Education, Kharkiv, Ukraine
| |
Collapse
|
69
|
Hara M, Koshida R, Nakano T. Parents' views on mumps, mumps vaccine, and the factors associated with vaccination in Japan. Vaccine 2021; 39:7677-7683. [PMID: 34815119 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2021.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Revised: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The measles-mumps-rubella vaccine was withdrawn from the National Immunization Program in 1993 because aseptic meningitis was reported as a post-vaccination adverse reaction in Japan. This study aimed to measure the uptake of and determinants influencing mumps vaccination, including concerns about adverse reactions. METHODS We conducted this cross-sectional survey for all parents whose children underwent 18-month health checkups in Kanazawa City between October 2019 and February 2020. Community nurses interviewed the parents using a unified questionnaire, and 1422 parents responded. RESULTS Based on records from maternal and child health handbooks, the mumps vaccination rate was 55.6%. The most common reason for parents not vaccinating their children against mumps was that "it is not a routine vaccine" (35.9%), whereas "concern about adverse reactions" accounted for only 2.2%. In multivariate analysis, the significantly positive factors associated with vaccination against mumps were children whose parents knew that adverse reactions were fever, rash, diarrhea, and vomiting; had received a recommendation for vaccination from their family members; had read the Vaccination Guide issued by the city; vaccinated with other voluntary vaccines or treated for gastroenteritis; and had a deep general understanding of vaccination. Conversely, the significantly negative factor was children whose parents had not received any recommendation for vaccination. CONCLUSION The mumps vaccination rate could be improved by adding the mumps vaccine in the routine vaccination program and educating parents by disseminating correct information on mumps and the mumps vaccine, and by primary care physicians routinely recommending vaccination.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Megumi Hara
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, 5-1-1 Nabeshima, Saga 849-8501, Japan.
| | - Rie Koshida
- Health Affairs Department, Kanazawa City Office, 1-1-1 Hirosaka, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-8577, Japan
| | - Takashi Nakano
- Department of Pediatrics, Kawasaki Medical School, 577 Matsushima, Kurashiki, Okayama 701-0192, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
70
|
Abstract
BACKGROUND Measles, mumps, rubella, and varicella (chickenpox) are serious diseases that can lead to serious complications, disability, and death. However, public debate over the safety of the trivalent MMR vaccine and the resultant drop in vaccination coverage in several countries persists, despite its almost universal use and accepted effectiveness. This is an update of a review published in 2005 and updated in 2012. OBJECTIVES To assess the effectiveness, safety, and long- and short-term adverse effects associated with the trivalent vaccine, containing measles, rubella, mumps strains (MMR), or concurrent administration of MMR vaccine and varicella vaccine (MMR+V), or tetravalent vaccine containing measles, rubella, mumps, and varicella strains (MMRV), given to children aged up to 15 years. SEARCH METHODS We searched the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) (the Cochrane Library 2019, Issue 5), which includes the Cochrane Acute Respiratory Infections Group's Specialised Register, MEDLINE (1966 to 2 May 2019), Embase (1974 to 2 May 2019), the WHO International Clinical Trials Registry Platform (2 May 2019), and ClinicalTrials.gov (2 May 2019). SELECTION CRITERIA We included randomised controlled trials (RCTs), controlled clinical trials (CCTs), prospective and retrospective cohort studies (PCS/RCS), case-control studies (CCS), interrupted time-series (ITS) studies, case cross-over (CCO) studies, case-only ecological method (COEM) studies, self-controlled case series (SCCS) studies, person-time cohort (PTC) studies, and case-coverage design/screening methods (CCD/SM) studies, assessing any combined MMR or MMRV / MMR+V vaccine given in any dose, preparation or time schedule compared with no intervention or placebo, on healthy children up to 15 years of age. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS Two review authors independently extracted data and assessed the methodological quality of the included studies. We grouped studies for quantitative analysis according to study design, vaccine type (MMR, MMRV, MMR+V), virus strain, and study settings. Outcomes of interest were cases of measles, mumps, rubella, and varicella, and harms. Certainty of evidence of was rated using GRADE. MAIN RESULTS We included 138 studies (23,480,668 participants). Fifty-one studies (10,248,159 children) assessed vaccine effectiveness and 87 studies (13,232,509 children) assessed the association between vaccines and a variety of harms. We included 74 new studies to this 2019 version of the review. Effectiveness Vaccine effectiveness in preventing measles was 95% after one dose (relative risk (RR) 0.05, 95% CI 0.02 to 0.13; 7 cohort studies; 12,039 children; moderate certainty evidence) and 96% after two doses (RR 0.04, 95% CI 0.01 to 0.28; 5 cohort studies; 21,604 children; moderate certainty evidence). The effectiveness in preventing cases among household contacts or preventing transmission to others the children were in contact with after one dose was 81% (RR 0.19, 95% CI 0.04 to 0.89; 3 cohort studies; 151 children; low certainty evidence), after two doses 85% (RR 0.15, 95% CI 0.03 to 0.75; 3 cohort studies; 378 children; low certainty evidence), and after three doses was 96% (RR 0.04, 95% CI 0.01 to 0.23; 2 cohort studies; 151 children; low certainty evidence). The effectiveness (at least one dose) in preventing measles after exposure (post-exposure prophylaxis) was 74% (RR 0.26, 95% CI 0.14 to 0.50; 2 cohort studies; 283 children; low certainty evidence). The effectiveness of Jeryl Lynn containing MMR vaccine in preventing mumps was 72% after one dose (RR 0.24, 95% CI 0.08 to 0.76; 6 cohort studies; 9915 children; moderate certainty evidence), 86% after two doses (RR 0.12, 95% CI 0.04 to 0.35; 5 cohort studies; 7792 children; moderate certainty evidence). Effectiveness in preventing cases among household contacts was 74% (RR 0.26, 95% CI 0.13 to 0.49; 3 cohort studies; 1036 children; moderate certainty evidence). Vaccine effectiveness against rubella, using a vaccine with the BRD2 strain which is only used in China, is 89% (RR 0.11, 95% CI 0.03 to 0.42; 1 cohort study; 1621 children; moderate certainty evidence). Vaccine effectiveness against varicella (any severity) after two doses in children aged 11 to 22 months is 95% in a 10 years follow-up (rate ratio (rr) 0.05, 95% CI 0.03 to 0.08; 1 RCT; 2279 children; high certainty evidence). Safety There is evidence supporting an association between aseptic meningitis and MMR vaccines containing Urabe and Leningrad-Zagreb mumps strains, but no evidence supporting this association for MMR vaccines containing Jeryl Lynn mumps strains (rr 1.30, 95% CI 0.66 to 2.56; low certainty evidence). The analyses provide evidence supporting an association between MMR/MMR+V/MMRV vaccines (Jeryl Lynn strain) and febrile seizures. Febrile seizures normally occur in 2% to 4% of healthy children at least once before the age of 5. The attributable risk febrile seizures vaccine-induced is estimated to be from 1 per 1700 to 1 per 1150 administered doses. The analyses provide evidence supporting an association between MMR vaccination and idiopathic thrombocytopaenic purpura (ITP). However, the risk of ITP after vaccination is smaller than after natural infection with these viruses. Natural infection of ITP occur in 5 cases per 100,000 (1 case per 20,000) per year. The attributable risk is estimated about 1 case of ITP per 40,000 administered MMR doses. There is no evidence of an association between MMR immunisation and encephalitis or encephalopathy (rate ratio 0.90, 95% CI 0.50 to 1.61; 2 observational studies; 1,071,088 children; low certainty evidence), and autistic spectrum disorders (rate ratio 0.93, 95% CI 0.85 to 1.01; 2 observational studies; 1,194,764 children; moderate certainty). There is insufficient evidence to determine the association between MMR immunisation and inflammatory bowel disease (odds ratio 1.42, 95% CI 0.93 to 2.16; 3 observational studies; 409 cases and 1416 controls; moderate certainty evidence). Additionally, there is no evidence supporting an association between MMR immunisation and cognitive delay, type 1 diabetes, asthma, dermatitis/eczema, hay fever, leukaemia, multiple sclerosis, gait disturbance, and bacterial or viral infections. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS: Existing evidence on the safety and effectiveness of MMR/MMRV vaccines support their use for mass immunisation. Campaigns aimed at global eradication should assess epidemiological and socioeconomic situations of the countries as well as the capacity to achieve high vaccination coverage. More evidence is needed to assess whether the protective effect of MMR/MMRV could wane with time since immunisation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carlo Di Pietrantonj
- Servizio Regionale di Riferimento per l'Epidemiologia, SSEpi-SeREMI, Azienda Sanitaria Locale ASL AL, Alessandria, Italy
| | - Alessandro Rivetti
- Dipartimento di Prevenzione - S.Pre.S.A.L, ASL CN2 Alba Bra, Alba, Italy
| | - Pasquale Marchione
- Signal Management Unit, Post-Marketing Surveillance Department, Italian Medicine Agency - AIFA, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Vittorio Demicheli
- Servizio Regionale di Riferimento per l'Epidemiologia, SSEpi-SeREMI, Azienda Sanitaria Locale ASL AL, Alessandria, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
71
|
Nyaku M, Richardson E, Martinon-Torres F, Kuter BJ. Evaluation of the Safety and Immunogenicity of M-M-RII (Combination Measles-mumps-rubella Vaccine): Clinical Trials of Healthy Children and Adults Published Between 2010 and 2019. Pediatr Infect Dis J 2021; 40:1046-1054. [PMID: 34310506 DOI: 10.1097/inf.0000000000003273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The safety and immunogenicity of M-M-RII (measles, mumps and rubella virus vaccine live, Merck & Co., Inc., West Point, PA)-the only combined measles, mumps and rubella vaccine licensed for use in the United States-were previously reported in pre- and postlicensure clinical trials conducted from 1988 to 2009. M-M-RII continues to be evaluated as a comparator in clinical trials of other vaccines. Here, we review safety and efficacy data from more recent clinical trials of M-M-RII. METHODS We performed a systematic literature review of trials using M-M-RII published from 2010 to 2019. RESULTS In the 15 studies that met the inclusion criteria, a total of 12,032 subjects were vaccinated: 7667 persons received a first dose only, 2137 participated in 2-dose studies (128 received 1 dose and 2009 received both) and 2063 received a single dose of M-M-RII as their second dose. Dose number was not specified for 165 participants, ≥6 years old, in 2 studies in which a single dose of M-M-RII was administered. Similar to previous reports, M-M-RII was well tolerated and immunogenic when administered alone or concomitantly with other routinely recommended vaccinations. The most common adverse events included transient injection site pain and fever. Serious adverse events were extremely rare, with only 4 probable or potential vaccine-related events reported among the 12,032 participating subjects. CONCLUSIONS In trials published from 2010 to 2019, M-M-RII continued to be safe and immunogenic in all age groups studied. These data, along with the results of earlier trials, indicate that the performance of the vaccine has been consistent across more than 30 years of postlicensure studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mawuli Nyaku
- From the Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, New Jersey
| | | | - Federico Martinon-Torres
- Translational Pediatrics and Infectious Diseases, Hospital Clínico Universitario and Universidad de Santiago de Compostela (USC), Galicia, Spain
- Genetics, Vaccines, and Pediatric Infectious Diseases Research Group (GENVIP), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago and Universidad de Santiago de Compostela (USC), Galicia, Spain
| | | |
Collapse
|
72
|
Soleimani S, Rashid S. Correlation Study of the Most Important Environmental Influencing Factors on the Razi MMR Vaccine. Arch Razi Inst 2021; 76:1203-1211. [PMID: 35355762 PMCID: PMC8934101 DOI: 10.22092/ari.2021.352200.1550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) are among the most important viral infectious diseases in Iran and neighboring countries. After using a trivalent vaccine for these three diseases for a long time, in recent years, these diseases have been significantly controlled in Iran. One of the important points of storing the vaccine is that the vaccine strains are highly temperature-sensitive viruses. Due to tropical climatic conditions in Iran, the cold chain may not be achievable during the storage and transmission of the MMR vaccine. Therefore, the efficacy of the vaccine may be affected. This study aimed to evaluate the MMR vaccine potency at different temperatures (stress tests) and frequent light exposures. All quality control tests in the form of stability studies were performed on the samples from three consecutive batches produced during a full-scale Razi production. The samples were stored at 2-8, 22-25, 35-37, and 42-45°C in specific time intervals, exposed to frequent light, and underwent freezing/thawing conditions. According to the results, the storage of the vaccine at high temperatures caused a decrease in potency and increased moisture content in the vaccine vials. The best temperature for maintenance and transportation of MMR is 2-8°C. The time and frequency of light exposure may affect the vaccine potency. Based on the sensitivity of the vaccine strains to environmental conditions, the development of plans for storage and transportation of vaccines in different situations and training the vaccine injection staff seem necessary.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Soleimani
- Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), P.O. Box 31975-148, Karaj, Iran
| | - S Rashid
- Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), P.O. Box 31975-148, Karaj, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
73
|
Niiazalieva MS, Isakova ZT, Toygombaeva VS, Aldjambaeva IS. [The impact of re-vaccination implementation on morbidity of mumps in the Kyrgyz Republic]. Probl Sotsialnoi Gig Zdravookhranenniiai Istor Med 2021; 29:1220-1224. [PMID: 34665562 DOI: 10.32687/0869-866x-2021-29-5-1220-1224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The article presents results of evaluation of long-term dynamics of morbidity of mumps in the Kyrgyz Republic (KR) in the pre-vaccination period, after the introduction of routine mass immunization in 1978 and in beginning of re-vaccination since 2015. The pronounced trend of increasing of morbidity was noted since 1970. In 1978, the morbidity increased up to 194 times as compared to 1948. The annual growth rate was made up to 7.7%. The application of vaccination significantly effected morbidity and prevalence of mumps in the Republic. In the long-term dynamics a pronounced trend of morbidity decreasing with annual decreasing rate of 7.5%. In 2015, re-vaccination of children of 6 years old was introduced in the Republic. This action resulted in morbidity decreasing during the next three years (2016, 2017 and 2018). However, in 2019, an outbreak of morbidity covering both children under 14 years and the adults was registered. The level of IgG to virus of mumps was determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using the test-system "VectoParotit-IgG" (by Vector BEST, Russia). The analysis of seroepidemiological study established the highest specific weight of seronegative individuals in the age group of 1-4 years (51.5%, 95% CI 42.9-60.1), and proportion of seropositive individuals falls on the age groups of 30 years and over (85, 4%), 10-14 years (62%), 5-9 years (61.5%), 15-19 years (60%).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M S Niiazalieva
- The I. K. Akhunbaev Kyrgyz State Medical Academy, 720020, Bishkek, the Kyrgyz Republic,
| | - Zh T Isakova
- The I. K. Akhunbaev Kyrgyz State Medical Academy, 720020, Bishkek, the Kyrgyz Republic
| | - V S Toygombaeva
- The I. K. Akhunbaev Kyrgyz State Medical Academy, 720020, Bishkek, the Kyrgyz Republic
| | - I Sh Aldjambaeva
- The I. K. Akhunbaev Kyrgyz State Medical Academy, 720020, Bishkek, the Kyrgyz Republic
| |
Collapse
|
74
|
Xiao YH, Chang SY, Bai S, Zhao RM, Wang JH, Wang XQ, Yang YK, Ma YL, Liu XQ, Luo LY, Lyu M, Chen HP. [Immunogenicity and safety of a boost dose of measles, mumps, and rubella combined vaccine for 4-6 years old children]. Zhonghua Liu Xing Bing Xue Za Zhi 2021; 42:1086-1091. [PMID: 34814512 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112338-20200409-00541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Objective: To investigate the immunogenicity and safety of a boost dose of measles, mumps, and rubella combined vaccine (MMR) for children 4 to 6 years old. Methods: Children, aged 4 to 6 years old, had vaccinated with 1 dose of measles and rubella combined vaccine(MR) at the age of 8 months and 1 dose of MMR vaccine at 18-months, were recruited in Shanxi, Inner Mongolia, and Beijing, respectively. All children were assigned into 4, 5 and 6-year-old group. The children who met inclusion and exclusion criteria were vaccinated with 1 dose MMR vaccine, and were collected blood samples before vaccination and 35 to 42 d after the vaccination. During the study period, adverse events were collected at 30 min, 1 d, 2 d, 3 d, 4-12 d, and 13 to 42 days after vaccination. Serum was tested for IgG antibodies against measles, mumps and rubella. Geometric mean concentrations (GMC) of measles, mumps, and rubella antibodies were compared among groups by analysis of variance or non-parametric test. Seropositive rates and adverse event rates were compared among groups by Chi-square test or Fisher exact test. Results: A total of 500 children were included in immunogenicity analysis and 535 children were included in safety analysis. The overall adverse event rate was 20.37%, the most of severity for adverse events was mild. The rates of local and systemic adverse events were 0.37% and 20.00%, respectively. Symptoms of local adverse events were redness. The main systemic adverse events were fever, followed by cough, rash and runny nose. Received a dose of MMR vaccine for booster immunization, the seropositive rates of measles antibody, mumps antibody and rubella antibody were above 99% for all 3 age groups, and there was no significant difference between groups. There were significant differences in mumps antibody GMC among groups (P=0.042), but no significant differences in measles and rubella antibodies GMC. Conclusion: The immunogenicity and safety of a boosted MMR vaccintion in children aged 4, 5 and 6 years were all similar good.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Y H Xiao
- China National Biotec Group Company Limited, Beijing 100024, China
| | - S Y Chang
- Shanxi Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Taiyuan 030012, China
| | - S Bai
- Beijing Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100013, China
| | - R M Zhao
- Ulan Qab Municipal Health Commission, Ulan Qab 012000, China
| | - J H Wang
- Yanhu Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Yuncheng 044000, China
| | - X Q Wang
- Horinger Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Horinger 011599, China
| | - Y K Yang
- Beijing Institute of Biological Products Company Limited, Beijing 100176, China
| | - Y L Ma
- China National Biotec Group Company Limited, Beijing 100024, China
| | - X Q Liu
- China National Biotec Group Company Limited, Beijing 100024, China
| | - L Y Luo
- China National Biotec Group Company Limited, Beijing 100024, China
| | - M Lyu
- Beijing Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100013, China
| | - H P Chen
- China National Biotec Group Company Limited, Beijing 100024, China
| |
Collapse
|
75
|
Povey M, Aris E, Cheuvart B, Hall G, Cohet C, Willame C. Effectiveness of "Priorix" Against Measles and Mumps Diseases in Children Born After 2004 in the United Kingdom: A Retrospective Case-control Study Using the Clinical Practice Research Datalink GOLD Database. Pediatr Infect Dis J 2021; 40:590-596. [PMID: 33956757 PMCID: PMC8104017 DOI: 10.1097/inf.0000000000003111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Evidence on vaccine effectiveness (VE) may encourage vaccination and help fight the reemergence of measles and mumps in Europe. However, limited data exist on real-life effectiveness of individual measles, mumps and rubella (MMR) vaccines. This study evaluated VE of GSK's MMR vaccine ("Priorix") against measles and mumps. METHODS This retrospective, case-control study used UK data from the Clinical Practice Research Datalink GOLD linked to the Hospital Episode Statistics database to identify children 1-13 years old diagnosed with measles or mumps from January 2006 to December 2018. Cases were matched to controls according to birth month/year and practice region. Cases were identified using clinical codes (without laboratory confirmation). "Priorix" exposure was identified using vaccine batch identifiers. Children exposed to other MMR vaccines were excluded. Adjusted VE was estimated for ≥1 vaccine dose in all children, and for 1 dose and ≥2 doses in children ≥4 years at diagnosis. RESULTS Overall, 299 measles cases matched with 1196 controls (87.6% <4 years old), and 243 mumps cases matched with 970 controls (74.2% <4 years old) were considered. VE for ≥1 dose in all children was 78.0% (97.5% confidence interval: 67.2%-85.3%) for measles and 66.7% (48.1%-78.6%) for mumps. In children ≥4 years old, VE after 1 dose was 74.6% (-21.7% to 94.7%) for measles and 82.3% (32.7%-95.3%) for mumps, and VE after ≥2 doses was 94.4% (79.7%-98.5%) for measles and 86.5% (64.0%-94.9%) for mumps. CONCLUSIONS "Priorix" is effective in preventing measles and mumps in real-life settings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Gillian Hall
- Gillian Hall Epidemiology Ltd, London, United Kingdom
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
76
|
Khan H, Gasparyan AY, Gupta L. Lessons Learned from Publicizing and Retracting an Erroneous Hypothesis on the Mumps, Measles, Rubella (MMR) Vaccination with Unethical Implications. J Korean Med Sci 2021; 36:e126. [PMID: 34002546 PMCID: PMC8129615 DOI: 10.3346/jkms.2021.36.e126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Armen Yuri Gasparyan
- Departments of Rheumatology and Research and Development, Dudley Group NHS Foundation Trust (Teaching Trust of the University of Birmingham, UK), Russells Hall Hospital, Dudley, UK
| | - Latika Gupta
- Department Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, India.
| |
Collapse
|
77
|
CANDEVİR A, KUŞCU F, YILDIRIM F, KÖMÜR S, ŞENTÜRK GÇ, İNAL AS, ESER F, ÇETİNER S, KURTARAN B, TAŞOVA Y. LOW IMMUNITY AGAINST VACCINE PREVENTABLE DISEASES IN TURKISH HIV COHORT. Turk J Med Sci 2021; 51:2311-2317. [PMID: 33984893 PMCID: PMC8742493 DOI: 10.3906/sag-2102-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 05/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background/aim HIV infection increase the risk of serious disease resulting from common vaccine-preventable infections. Vaccinations are particularly important for HIV infected adults. We aimed to investigate the immunity rates against measles, mumps, rubella, hepatitis A, B, and tetanus in newly diagnosed HIV patients. Materials and methods Patients who admitted to outpatient clinics of three centers with newly diagnosed HIV infection, between 1 January 2015 and 31 June 2017 were included. Measles, mumps, rubella, varicella zoster virus, hepatitis A, hepatitis B, and tetanus antibody levels were measured by commercial diagnostic kits. Demographical and laboratory data of the patients were recorded. Results Five hundred and twenty-three patients were enrolled in the study. Of the patients 87% were male (n = 455) and the mean age was 38 ± 13 years. Serology was available for measles 74.2% (388/523), mumps 73.8% (386/523), rubella 77.8% (407/523), hepatitis A 88.5% (463/523), hepatitis B 97.7% (511/523), tetanus 8.6% (45/523), and VZV 79.9% (418/523). Seropositivity was 82% for measles, 75.6% for mumps, 92.1% for rubella. Of the patients whom all three of the components of the MMR vaccine was tested, 37.7% (127/337) were susceptible at least one and needed the vaccine. Mean age was lower in patients who are nonimmune to measles and mumps (p = 0.008). Younger patients were also nonimmune for hepatitis A, while older patients were nonimmune for hepatitis B. Conclusion In our study we found that rates of nonimmunity can increase up to one third of the patients even though there is a national vaccination program. Nonimmune individuals should be detected and vaccinated in line with recent guidelines and response should be monitored because of the possibility of impaired immunity and possible suboptimal response. National campaigns can be launched for adult immunization and physicians should be aware of the importance of adult immunization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aslıhan CANDEVİR
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Çukurova University, AdanaTurkey
- * To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail:
| | - Ferit KUŞCU
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Çukurova University, AdanaTurkey
| | - Figen YILDIRIM
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, University of Medical Sciences, Antalya Training and Research Hospital, AnkaraTurkey
| | - Süheyla KÖMÜR
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Çukurova University, AdanaTurkey
| | - Gönül Çiçek ŞENTÜRK
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, University of Medical Sciences, Dışkapı Training and Research Hospital, AnkaraTurkey
| | - Ayşe Seza İNAL
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Çukurova University, AdanaTurkey
| | - Fatma ESER
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, University of Medical Sciences, Dışkapı Training and Research Hospital, AnkaraTurkey
| | - Salih ÇETİNER
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Çukurova University, AdanaTurkey
| | - Behice KURTARAN
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Çukurova University, AdanaTurkey
| | - Yeşim TAŞOVA
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Çukurova University, AdanaTurkey
| |
Collapse
|
78
|
Liu Y, Xiong Y, Liang Y, Deng X, Hu Y, Hu R, Chen Q, Tang F, Wang Z, Sun X, Guo H, Zhang L, Zhu FC. Waning immunity and potential asymptomatic infection in 3-7 years old children who received one dose of measles-mumps-rubella vaccine: A 4-year prospective study. Vaccine 2021; 39:3509-3515. [PMID: 33994238 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2021.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Revised: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mumps outbreaks in adolescents who received two doses of measles-mumps-rubella vaccine (MMR) during childhood have been reported worldwide. In China, one dose of MMR administered in children aged among 18-24 months has a limited effect on the mumps epidemic. There are limited prospective studies evaluating the mumps immunity profile of children aged 3-7 years who received one dose of MMR. This study aimed to describe mumps immunity profile over a span of 4-years in kindergarten and primary school children. METHODS An observational, prospective study on one-dose MMR in children aged 3-7 years who underwent blood sample collection in 2015, 2016, and 2018 was conducted from 2015 to 2018. The seropositivity and geometric mean concentration of mumps IgG antibodies over time were analyzed. RESULTS A total of 3346 eligible children aged 3-7 years who underwent three rounds of blood sample collection were included. The overall seropositivity (79.6%) in 2015 was significantly higher than those recorded in 2016 (73.1%) and 2018 (71.4%). Approximately 11.6-15.9% of the participants were seropositive for mumps in 2015, and converted to negative in 2016. Meanwhile, 11.1-14.6% of the participants were seropositive for mumps in 2016, and the results converted to negative in 2018. Over 6.1-7.4% of the participants had asymptomatic infection from 2015 to 2016, while 9.0-9.9% of the participants were infected without clinical symptoms from 2016 to 2018. CONCLUSIONS Kindergarten and primary school children who only received one dose of MMR were at higher risk of developing mumps. Waning immunity, seronegative conversion, and asymptomatic infection coexist in children who received one dose MMR. Determining the optimal age for administering the second dose of MMR in children should be prioritized to improve the control and prevention of mumps in China.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuanbao Liu
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China; Department of Expanded Programme on Immunization, Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Yan Xiong
- Qinhuai District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Yaqiong Liang
- Department of Expanded Programme on Immunization, Nanjing Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Xiuying Deng
- Department of Expanded Programme on Immunization, Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Ying Hu
- Department of Expanded Programme on Immunization, Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Ran Hu
- Department of Expanded Programme on Immunization, Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Qiang Chen
- Department of Expanded Programme on Immunization, Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Fenyang Tang
- Department of Expanded Programme on Immunization, Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Zhiguo Wang
- Department of Expanded Programme on Immunization, Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Xiang Sun
- Department of Expanded Programme on Immunization, Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Hongxiong Guo
- Department of Expanded Programme on Immunization, Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Expanded Programme on Immunization, Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Feng-Cai Zhu
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China; Department of Expanded Programme on Immunization, Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing 210009, China.
| |
Collapse
|
79
|
Völker S, Hammerschmidt R, Spura A. [Geographic analyses as a foundation for evidence-based public health interventions: the example identification and typology of risk clusters for mumps, measles, and rubella]. Bundesgesundheitsblatt Gesundheitsforschung Gesundheitsschutz 2021; 64:600-609. [PMID: 33891131 PMCID: PMC8087606 DOI: 10.1007/s00103-021-03318-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ideally, health services and interventions to improve immunization rates should be tailored to local target populations, such as spatial clusters. However, to date, little attention has been paid to spatial clusters of underimmunization and have instead been typified based on small-scale data. AIM Using the example of vaccination against measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) in children, the present study aims to (1) identify the spatial distribution of insufficient MMR vaccination in Westphalia-Lippe on a small scale, (2) identify specific, spatial risk clusters with insufficient vaccination protection, and (3) describe spatial-neighborhood influencing factors of the different risk clusters as starting points for public health interventions. MATERIAL AND METHODS Account data from the Kassenärztliche Vereinigung Westfalen-Lippe (KVWL) were used as a basis. Birth cohorts 2013-2016 of children with statutory health insurance were formed and aggregated at postcode level (n = 410). Statistically significant, spatially compact clusters and relative risks (RRs) of underimmunization were identified. Local risk models were estimated in binary logistic regressions based on spatial-neighborhood variables. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Two significant clusters of underimmunization were identified for each of the vaccination rates "at least one MMR vaccination" and "both MMR vaccinations." Significant risk factors for low immunization rates included age structure, socioeconomic variables, population density, medical coverage, and value attitude. The proposed methodology is suitable for describing spatial variations in vaccination behavior based on identified typologies for targeted evidence-based interventions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Völker
- Stabsbereich Unternehmensentwicklung, Kassenärztliche Vereinigung Westfalen-Lippe (KVWL), Robert-Schimrigk-Str. 4-6, 44141, Dortmund, Deutschland.
- Zentrum für Public Health und Versorgungsforschung, Masterstudiengang Public Health, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Österreich.
| | - Reinhard Hammerschmidt
- Stabsbereich Unternehmensentwicklung, Kassenärztliche Vereinigung Westfalen-Lippe (KVWL), Robert-Schimrigk-Str. 4-6, 44141, Dortmund, Deutschland
| | - Anke Spura
- Referat 2-24 Fortbildung, Qualifizierung, Hochschulkooperation, Bundeszentrale für gesundheitliche Aufklärung (BZgA), Köln, Deutschland
| |
Collapse
|
80
|
Saxena B, Ramachandran VG, Saha R, Shah D. Mumps Antibody Titer in MMR-Vaccinated and Vaccine Naïve Children at a Public Hospital in Delhi. Indian Pediatr 2021; 58:137-139. [PMID: 33632943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare the mumps antibody titers in Measles-Mumps-Rubella (MMR)-vaccinated and vaccine naive children. METHODS This cross-sectional study was conducted at a tertiary-care public hospital in Delhi from November, 2016 to April, 2018 among 78 healthy children (aged 16 month-12 years) attending the pediatric outpatient department. Serum IgG and IgM rubella antibodies were measured by ELISA for confirmation of MMR vaccination status. Qualitative determination of IgG mumps was done followed by quantitative determination in samples positive for IgG mumps antibodies. RESULTS IgG mumps was present in 69.2% of study population, with seroprotective titers in 32% taking endpoint titer as 1:4. Among MMR vaccinated children, 41.1% were sero-protected and in MMR vaccine naïve children 9.1% were seroprotected for mumps. CONCLUSION Single dose of MMR vaccine does not provide effective (>90%) sero-conversion required for successful herd immunity to prevent mumps outbreak.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bhoomika Saxena
- Department of Microbiology, University College of Medical Sciences and Guru Teg Bahadur Hospital, Delhi, India. Correspondence to: Dr Bhoomika Saxena, 105, Gaytri Nilaya, 12th B Main Road, 6th Block, Rajajinagar, Bengaluru 560 010, Karnataka, India.
| | - V G Ramachandran
- Department of Microbiology, University College of Medical Sciences and Guru Teg Bahadur Hospital, Delhi, India
| | - Rumpa Saha
- Department of Microbiology, University College of Medical Sciences and Guru Teg Bahadur Hospital, Delhi, India
| | - Dheeraj Shah
- Department of Pediatrics, University College of Medical Sciences and Guru Teg Bahadur Hospital, Delhi, India
| |
Collapse
|
81
|
Abstract
Mumps is a vaccine-preventable disease. Because the mumps vaccine can cause aseptic meningitis in rare cases, this vaccine is not routine in Japan. This has led to low vaccine coverage and severe disease burden in Japan. The present review summarizes mumps epidemiology and vaccination and discusses effective future strategies to mitigate the current disease burden of mumps in Japan. Although a recent study reported that mumps vaccine coverage rates are improving in Japan, current coverage rates are far below the optimal rate to suppress the ongoing epidemic, which has caused an average annual financial loss of 85 billion JPY between 2000 and 2016. Recent reports have demonstrated a much lower incidence of vaccine-induced aseptic meningitis in newly developed vaccines, especially when administered at 1 year of age. Cost-effectiveness studies suggest that routinization of the currently distributed domestic vaccine would be highly cost-effective. In addition, questionnaire surveillance data suggest that the majority of the Japanese population accepts the nominal risk of the vaccine when the proper information is provided. Finally, there are some successful programs in Japan that have attained high vaccine coverage rates with financial support from local governments. Taken together, these data suggest that the mumps vaccine should be immediately included in routine vaccines in Japan.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Taito Kitano
- Division of Infectious Diseases, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
82
|
Marlow M, Even S, Hoban MT, Moore K, Patel M, Marin M. Universities' experience with mumps outbreak response and use of a third dose of MMR vaccine. J Am Coll Health 2021; 69:53-58. [PMID: 31478806 DOI: 10.1080/07448481.2019.1651730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2018] [Revised: 07/19/2019] [Accepted: 07/31/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
During January 2016-June 2017, 75 mumps outbreaks occurred in US universities, despite high vaccine coverage among students. We evaluated universities' experiences with mumps outbreaks to inform policy deliberations on use of a third dose of MMR vaccine and CDC guidance. Participants: American College Health Association members in September 2017. Methods: Online survey assessing mumps outbreak characteristics and response measures distributed to 980 members. Results: Administrators from 251 (26%) universities from 47 states responded. Seventy-nine (31%) universities had mumps cases on campus during August 2014-August 2017; 17 (22%) recommended a third MMR dose. The main challenges reported in outbreak response were exclusion of persons without presumptive immunity and isolation of students with mumps. Universities' advice on addressing challenges is described. Conclusion: We identified common challenges faced by universities during mumps outbreaks, and lessons learned. These findings informed the October 2017 recommendation for use of a third MMR dose.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mariel Marlow
- Division of Viral Diseases, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Susan Even
- American College Health Association, Hanover, Maryland, USA
- University of Missouri Student Health Center, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | | | - Kelly Moore
- Department of Health Policy, Vanderbilt School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Manisha Patel
- Division of Viral Diseases, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Mona Marin
- Division of Viral Diseases, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| |
Collapse
|
83
|
Włodarska A, Raciborski F. Characterisation of the online public debate od MMR vaccine against measles, mumps and rubella on the Polish Internet. Przegl Epidemiol 2021; 75:390-401. [PMID: 35170295 DOI: 10.32394/pe.75.36] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION MMR vaccine is a controversial topic of public debate. The controversies include such issues as autism, adjuvants or ethical questions related to the culturing of the rubella virus on human cell lines. OBJECTIVE The objective was to characterise the public debate on MMR vaccination on the Polish Internet between January 2018 and June 2020. MATERIAL AND METHODS Quantitative and qualitative analysis of Polish-language online content between 1 January 2018 and 30 June 2020 related to MMR vaccination. The quantitative analysis comprised all available mentions of MMR vaccination in postings (n=14,632), while qualitative analysis relied on a systematic sample of 819 mentions. RESULTS Quantitative study: 79.6% of MMR vaccine-related postings were published on Facebook, 6.9% on Twitter, and the remaining 14.6% appeared on other websites. There were two surges in posting count in November 2018 and March 2019. Qualitative study: 48% of postings expressed anti-vaccination sentiment, 33% were pro-vaccination and 19% were neutral. CONCLUSIONS The social media play a significant role in the dissemination of untrue medical claims regarding MMR vaccination. A substantial part of the discussion about MMR vaccination in Poland takes place on Facebook. Despite the general availability of research results stating the absence of a link between autism and vaccination, this is an ongoing most frequent topics in the MMR debate. At the same time, more postings on that topic expressed pro-vaccination rather than anti-vaccination sentiment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Filip Raciborski
- Medical University of Warsaw, Department of Prevention of Environmental Hazards and Allergology
| |
Collapse
|
84
|
Macounová P, Macounová D. Mumps and its occurrence in the Czech Republic and Slovakia. Epidemiol Mikrobiol Imunol 2021; 70:253-263. [PMID: 35073704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Mumps is an infectious viral disease transmitted by droplets. It is vaccine preventable and thanks to the start of compulsory vaccination in 1987, there has been a significant reduction in cases. Nevertheless, over the years, occasional local outbreaks have occurred in the Czech Republic, especially in adolescents, while in Slovakia, since the beginning of vaccination, the situation has been kept under somewhat better control. This may be explained by the differences in the vaccination schedules between the countries and the consequent secondary vaccine failure, the so-called waning of immunity in Czech older children, adolescents, and young adults. The article summarizes current knowledge about mumps and data on its incidence in the Czech Republic and Slovakia.
Collapse
|
85
|
McPherson TD, Ramirez E, Ringness M, Ruestow P, Marlow M, Fricchione MJ. Mumps Cases Disproportionately Affecting Persons Living with HIV Infection and Men Who Have Sex with Men - Chicago, Illinois, 2018. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2020; 69:909-912. [PMID: 32673295 PMCID: PMC7366853 DOI: 10.15585/mmwr.mm6928a3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
During January 1-March 2, 2018, the number of mumps cases among adults reported to the Chicago Department of Public Health (CDPH) doubled compared with the same period in 2017. In response, CDPH created a supplementary questionnaire to collect additional information on populations affected and potential transmission routes. An epidemiologic analysis of routine and supplementary data, including spatiotemporal analysis, was performed to describe mumps cases reported to CDPH during 2018. A fourfold increase in mumps cases was reported during 2018 compared with 2017, with men who have sex with men (MSM) and persons living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection disproportionately represented among cases. A spatiotemporal, residential cluster was identified in a 9-square-mile area within six adjacent communities. The majority of persons affected were MSM, and this area was visited by many other persons with mumps diagnoses. Spatiotemporal analyses could be used in real time to identify case clusters to target public health response efforts, including to guide recommendations for additional measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccine and to identify specific transmission venues.
Collapse
|
86
|
Zha WT, Li WT, Zhou N, Zhu JJ, Feng R, Li T, Du YB, Liu Y, Hong XQ, Lv Y. Effects of meteorological factors on the incidence of mumps and models for prediction, China. BMC Infect Dis 2020; 20:468. [PMID: 32615923 PMCID: PMC7331163 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-020-05180-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2019] [Accepted: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mumps is an acute respiratory infectious disease with obvious regional and seasonal differences. Exploring the impact of climate factors on the incidence of mumps and predicting its incidence trend on this basis could effectively control the outbreak and epidemic of mumps. METHODS Considering the great differences of climate in the vast territory of China, this study divided the Chinese mainland into seven regions according to the administrative planning criteria, data of Mumps were collected from the China Disease Prevention and Control Information System, ARIMA model and ARIMAX model with meteorological factors were established to predict the incidence of mumps. RESULTS In this study, we found that precipitation, air pressure, temperature, and wind speed had an impact on the incidence of mumps in most regions of China and the incidence of mumps in the north and southwest China was more susceptible to climate factors. Considering meteorological factors, the average relative error of ARIMAX model was 10.87%, which was lower than ARIMA model (15.57%). CONCLUSIONS Meteorology factors were the important factors which can affect the incidence of mumps, ARIMAX model with meteorological factors could better simulate and predict the incidence of mumps in China, which has certain reference value for the prevention and control of mumps.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Ting Zha
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epidemiology of Hunan Province, School of Medicine, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China, 410081
| | - Wei-Tong Li
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epidemiology of Hunan Province, School of Medicine, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China, 410081
| | - Nan Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epidemiology of Hunan Province, School of Medicine, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China, 410081
| | - Jia-Jia Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epidemiology of Hunan Province, School of Medicine, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China, 410081
| | - Ruihua Feng
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epidemiology of Hunan Province, School of Medicine, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China, 410081
| | - Tong Li
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epidemiology of Hunan Province, School of Medicine, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China, 410081
| | - Yan-Bing Du
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epidemiology of Hunan Province, School of Medicine, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China, 410081
| | - Ying Liu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epidemiology of Hunan Province, School of Medicine, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China, 410081
| | - Xiu-Qin Hong
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epidemiology of Hunan Province, School of Medicine, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China, 410081
| | - Yuan Lv
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epidemiology of Hunan Province, School of Medicine, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China, 410081.
| |
Collapse
|
87
|
Donahue M, Hendrickson B, Julian D, Hill N, Rother J, Koirala S, Clayton JL, Safranek T, Buss B. Multistate Mumps Outbreak Originating from Asymptomatic Transmission at a Nebraska Wedding - Six States, August-October 2019. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2020; 69:666-669. [PMID: 32497030 PMCID: PMC7272110 DOI: 10.15585/mmwr.mm6922a2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
88
|
Weinmann S, Irving SA, Koppolu P, Naleway AL, Belongia EA, Hambidge SJ, Jackson ML, Klein NP, Lewin B, Liles E, Marin M, Smith N, Weintraub E, Chun C. Incidence of herpes zoster among varicella-vaccinated children, by number of vaccine doses and simultaneous administration of measles, mumps, and rubella vaccine. Vaccine 2020; 38:5880-5884. [PMID: 32444193 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2020.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2019] [Revised: 05/01/2020] [Accepted: 05/02/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Children may receive measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) and varicella (VAR) vaccines separately or as measles-mumps-rubella-varicella (MMRV). We examined whether pediatric herpes zoster (HZ) incidence varied by pattern of varicella vaccine administration. METHODS In six integrated health systems, we examined HZ incidence among children turning 12 months old during 2003-2008. All received varicella and MMR vaccines on recommended schedules. Cases were identified through 2014 using ICD-9 codes. Incidence was examined by number of varicella vaccine doses and same-day MMR. RESULTS Among 199,797 children, overall HZ incidence was 18.6/100,000 person-years in the first-dose MMR + VAR group, 17.9/100,000 person-years in the MMRV group, and 7.5/100,000 person-years in the VAR-alone group. HZ incidence was lower following the second dose than before the second dose in all first-dose groups. CONCLUSIONS HZ incidence was not meaningfully different between the MMRV and MMR + VAR first-dose groups. Overall and within first-dose groups, HZ incidence was lower among children receiving two varicella vaccine doses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sheila Weinmann
- Center for Health Research, Kaiser Permanente Northwest, 3800 North Interstate Avenue, Portland, OR 97227, USA.
| | - Stephanie A Irving
- Center for Health Research, Kaiser Permanente Northwest, 3800 North Interstate Avenue, Portland, OR 97227, USA
| | - Padma Koppolu
- Center for Health Research, Kaiser Permanente Northwest, 3800 North Interstate Avenue, Portland, OR 97227, USA
| | - Allison L Naleway
- Center for Health Research, Kaiser Permanente Northwest, 3800 North Interstate Avenue, Portland, OR 97227, USA
| | - Edward A Belongia
- Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Population Health, Marshfield Clinic Research Institute, 1000 North Oak Avenue (ML2), Marshfield, WI 54449, USA
| | - Simon J Hambidge
- Denver Community Health Services, Denver Health, Mailcode 0278, 777 Bannock Street, Denver, CO 80204, USA; Institute for Health Research, Kaiser Permanente Colorado, 2550 South Parker Road, Suite 200, Denver, CO 80014, USA
| | - Michael L Jackson
- Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute, 1730 Minor Avenue, Suite 1600, Seattle, WA 98101, USA
| | - Nicola P Klein
- Vaccine Study Center, Division of Research, Northern California Kaiser Permanente, 1 Kaiser Plaza, 16th Floor, Oakland, CA 94612, USA
| | - Bruno Lewin
- Department of Research and Evaluation, Southern California Kaiser Permanente, 100 S Los Robles Avenue, Second Floor, Pasadena, CA 91101, USA
| | - Elizabeth Liles
- Center for Health Research, Kaiser Permanente Northwest, 3800 North Interstate Avenue, Portland, OR 97227, USA
| | - Mona Marin
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road NE, MS V18-4, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA
| | - Ning Smith
- Center for Health Research, Kaiser Permanente Northwest, 3800 North Interstate Avenue, Portland, OR 97227, USA
| | - Eric Weintraub
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road NE, MS V18-4, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA
| | - Colleen Chun
- Center for Health Research, Kaiser Permanente Northwest, 3800 North Interstate Avenue, Portland, OR 97227, USA
| |
Collapse
|
89
|
Li YT, Luo XQ, Zhong XB, Cai LM, Zhu LP, Chen XQ, Wang KC, Chen ZG. Seroprevalences of antibodies against pertussis, diphtheria, tetanus, measles, mumps and rubella: A cross-sectional study in children following vaccination procedure in Guangzhou, China. Vaccine 2020; 38:3960-3967. [PMID: 32321685 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2020.03.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2019] [Revised: 03/01/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated the concentrations and seroprevalence of immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies against pertussis, diphtheria, tetanus, measles, mumps and rubella among children in Guangzhou, China. We conducted a cross-sectional study focusing on the post-vaccination immune statuses of children on scheduled immunisation. Human IgG antibody against six diseases were measured using commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kits. Of 620 subjects, the male-to-female ratio was 2.04 (416/204). Seroprevalence (81.97% vs 90.20%) and IgG concentrations (686.55 IU/mL vs 884.26 IU/mL, P < 0.05) for measles, tetanus (0.94 IU/mL vs 1.21 IU/mL) and rubella (34.33 IU/mL vs 47.37 IU/mL) were all higher in females. No differences based on sex were observed in the seroprevalence and IgG concentrations for anti-pertussis antibodies, anti-diphtheria antibodies and anti-mumps. Slight increase in seroprevalence and IgG concentration occurred with anti-pertussis antibodies after primary and booster vaccinations (from 0.00% [1 m], 5.45% [6 m], to 17.14% [1.5 yr]; and from 8.57% [5 yr] to 15.79% [6 yr]). Although no booster vaccination was given after age 6 yr, the seroprevalence and IgG concentration for anti-pertussis antibodies remained relatively stable. For diphtheria, tetanus, measles and rubella, seroprevalence reached their peaks after the primary and first booster vaccination. A plateau occurred after age 1.5 yr with a declining trend in subjects >8-10 yr. The IgG concentrations of these 4 pathogens showed a dramatic increase after primary vaccination, with steadily declining trends thereafter. For mumps, subjects showed increased seroprevalence and IgG concentration after the primary mumps-containing vaccination in 1.5-yr-olds (from 7.14% to 57.14%; 52.13 IU/mL to 214.18 IU/mL); however, following that low seroprevalence levels (from 42.86% to 80.00%) were observed. The post-vaccination immune statuses against diphtheria, tetanus, measles and rubella were relatively satisfactory, compared to those against pertussis and mumps. Booster vaccination against pertussis and mumps at appropriate time should be considered.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Ting Li
- Department of Pediatrics, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Xiang-Qin Luo
- Department of Pediatrics, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Xiao-Bing Zhong
- Department of Pediatrics, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Liang-Ming Cai
- Department of Pediatrics, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China; Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, PR China
| | - Ling-Ping Zhu
- Department of Pediatrics, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Xiao-Qian Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, the First People's Hospital of Foshan, Foshan, PR China
| | - Kun-Cheng Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Nanhai Hospital Affiliated to Southern Medical University, Foshan, PR China
| | - Zhuang-Gui Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
90
|
Mc Loughlin L, Carroll C. Vaccination - A Vital Protection. Ir Med J 2020; 113:73. [PMID: 32603569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- L Mc Loughlin
- Department of Otolaryngology, Royal Victoria Eye and Ear Hospital, Dublin 2
| | - C Carroll
- Department of Otolaryngology, Royal Victoria Eye and Ear Hospital, Dublin 2
- National Clinical Programme in Surgery
| |
Collapse
|
91
|
Abstract
BACKGROUND Measles, mumps, rubella, and varicella (chickenpox) are serious diseases that can lead to serious complications, disability, and death. However, public debate over the safety of the trivalent MMR vaccine and the resultant drop in vaccination coverage in several countries persists, despite its almost universal use and accepted effectiveness. This is an update of a review published in 2005 and updated in 2012. OBJECTIVES To assess the effectiveness, safety, and long- and short-term adverse effects associated with the trivalent vaccine, containing measles, rubella, mumps strains (MMR), or concurrent administration of MMR vaccine and varicella vaccine (MMR+V), or tetravalent vaccine containing measles, rubella, mumps, and varicella strains (MMRV), given to children aged up to 15 years. SEARCH METHODS We searched the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) (the Cochrane Library 2019, Issue 5), which includes the Cochrane Acute Respiratory Infections Group's Specialised Register, MEDLINE (1966 to 2 May 2019), Embase (1974 to 2 May 2019), the WHO International Clinical Trials Registry Platform (2 May 2019), and ClinicalTrials.gov (2 May 2019). SELECTION CRITERIA We included randomised controlled trials (RCTs), controlled clinical trials (CCTs), prospective and retrospective cohort studies (PCS/RCS), case-control studies (CCS), interrupted time-series (ITS) studies, case cross-over (CCO) studies, case-only ecological method (COEM) studies, self-controlled case series (SCCS) studies, person-time cohort (PTC) studies, and case-coverage design/screening methods (CCD/SM) studies, assessing any combined MMR or MMRV / MMR+V vaccine given in any dose, preparation or time schedule compared with no intervention or placebo, on healthy children up to 15 years of age. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS Two review authors independently extracted data and assessed the methodological quality of the included studies. We grouped studies for quantitative analysis according to study design, vaccine type (MMR, MMRV, MMR+V), virus strain, and study settings. Outcomes of interest were cases of measles, mumps, rubella, and varicella, and harms. Certainty of evidence of was rated using GRADE. MAIN RESULTS We included 138 studies (23,480,668 participants). Fifty-one studies (10,248,159 children) assessed vaccine effectiveness and 87 studies (13,232,509 children) assessed the association between vaccines and a variety of harms. We included 74 new studies to this 2019 version of the review. Effectiveness Vaccine effectiveness in preventing measles was 95% after one dose (relative risk (RR) 0.05, 95% CI 0.02 to 0.13; 7 cohort studies; 12,039 children; moderate certainty evidence) and 96% after two doses (RR 0.04, 95% CI 0.01 to 0.28; 5 cohort studies; 21,604 children; moderate certainty evidence). The effectiveness in preventing cases among household contacts or preventing transmission to others the children were in contact with after one dose was 81% (RR 0.19, 95% CI 0.04 to 0.89; 3 cohort studies; 151 children; low certainty evidence), after two doses 85% (RR 0.15, 95% CI 0.03 to 0.75; 3 cohort studies; 378 children; low certainty evidence), and after three doses was 96% (RR 0.04, 95% CI 0.01 to 0.23; 2 cohort studies; 151 children; low certainty evidence). The effectiveness (at least one dose) in preventing measles after exposure (post-exposure prophylaxis) was 74% (RR 0.26, 95% CI 0.14 to 0.50; 2 cohort studies; 283 children; low certainty evidence). The effectiveness of Jeryl Lynn containing MMR vaccine in preventing mumps was 72% after one dose (RR 0.24, 95% CI 0.08 to 0.76; 6 cohort studies; 9915 children; moderate certainty evidence), 86% after two doses (RR 0.12, 95% CI 0.04 to 0.35; 5 cohort studies; 7792 children; moderate certainty evidence). Effectiveness in preventing cases among household contacts was 74% (RR 0.26, 95% CI 0.13 to 0.49; 3 cohort studies; 1036 children; moderate certainty evidence). Vaccine effectiveness against rubella is 89% (RR 0.11, 95% CI 0.03 to 0.42; 1 cohort study; 1621 children; moderate certainty evidence). Vaccine effectiveness against varicella (any severity) after two doses in children aged 11 to 22 months is 95% in a 10 years follow-up (rate ratio (rr) 0.05, 95% CI 0.03 to 0.08; 1 RCT; 2279 children; high certainty evidence). Safety There is evidence supporting an association between aseptic meningitis and MMR vaccines containing Urabe and Leningrad-Zagreb mumps strains, but no evidence supporting this association for MMR vaccines containing Jeryl Lynn mumps strains (rr 1.30, 95% CI 0.66 to 2.56; low certainty evidence). The analyses provide evidence supporting an association between MMR/MMR+V/MMRV vaccines (Jeryl Lynn strain) and febrile seizures. Febrile seizures normally occur in 2% to 4% of healthy children at least once before the age of 5. The attributable risk febrile seizures vaccine-induced is estimated to be from 1 per 1700 to 1 per 1150 administered doses. The analyses provide evidence supporting an association between MMR vaccination and idiopathic thrombocytopaenic purpura (ITP). However, the risk of ITP after vaccination is smaller than after natural infection with these viruses. Natural infection of ITP occur in 5 cases per 100,000 (1 case per 20,000) per year. The attributable risk is estimated about 1 case of ITP per 40,000 administered MMR doses. There is no evidence of an association between MMR immunisation and encephalitis or encephalopathy (rate ratio 0.90, 95% CI 0.50 to 1.61; 2 observational studies; 1,071,088 children; low certainty evidence), and autistic spectrum disorders (rate ratio 0.93, 95% CI 0.85 to 1.01; 2 observational studies; 1,194,764 children; moderate certainty). There is insufficient evidence to determine the association between MMR immunisation and inflammatory bowel disease (odds ratio 1.42, 95% CI 0.93 to 2.16; 3 observational studies; 409 cases and 1416 controls; moderate certainty evidence). Additionally, there is no evidence supporting an association between MMR immunisation and cognitive delay, type 1 diabetes, asthma, dermatitis/eczema, hay fever, leukaemia, multiple sclerosis, gait disturbance, and bacterial or viral infections. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS Existing evidence on the safety and effectiveness of MMR/MMRV vaccines support their use for mass immunisation. Campaigns aimed at global eradication should assess epidemiological and socioeconomic situations of the countries as well as the capacity to achieve high vaccination coverage. More evidence is needed to assess whether the protective effect of MMR/MMRV could wane with time since immunisation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carlo Di Pietrantonj
- Azienda Sanitaria Locale ASL AL, Servizio Regionale di Riferimento per l'Epidemiologia, SSEpi-SeREMI, Via Venezia 6, Alessandria, Italy, 15121
| | - Alessandro Rivetti
- ASL CN2 Alba Bra, Dipartimento di Prevenzione - S.Pre.S.A.L, Via Vida 10, Alba, Piemonte, Italy, 12051
| | - Pasquale Marchione
- Italian Medicine Agency - AIFA, Signal Management Unit, Post-Marketing Surveillance Department, Via del Tritone 181, Rome, Italy, 00187
| | | | - Vittorio Demicheli
- Azienda Sanitaria Locale ASL AL, Servizio Regionale di Riferimento per l'Epidemiologia, SSEpi-SeREMI, Via Venezia 6, Alessandria, Italy, 15121
| |
Collapse
|
92
|
El Zarif T, Kassir MF, Bizri N, Kassir G, Musharrafieh U, Bizri AR. Measles and mumps outbreaks in Lebanon: trends and links. BMC Infect Dis 2020; 20:244. [PMID: 32216754 PMCID: PMC7098136 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-020-04956-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lebanon has experienced several measles and mumps outbreaks in the past 20 years. In this article, a case-based surveillance of both measles and mumps outbreaks in Lebanon was carried out in an attempt to outline factors contributing to the failure of elimination plans and to provide potential solutions. The relationship between the outbreaks of both diseases was described and explored. METHODS A retrospective descriptive study of confirmed cases of measles and mumps in Lebanon between 2003 and 2018 collected from the Lebanese Ministry of Public Health Epidemiological Surveillance Unit public database was carried out. The information collected was graphically represented taking into consideration dates of reported cases, age groups affected, and vaccination status. RESULTS The mean number of measles cases was 150.25 cases/year in the 1-4 years age group, 87 cases/year in individuals aging between 5 and 14, and 63.68 cases/year in those > 14 years old. In the latter group, only 18.05% were unvaccinated. The mean number of mumps cases was 30.4 cases/year in the < 4 year age group and 53.8 cases/year in the 10-19 years age group. During the study period, every spike in measles cases was followed by a similar spike in mumps. 9.66% of measles cases occurred in individuals who received at least 2 doses of the vaccine, 52.26% in the unvaccinated, and 38% in those whose vaccination status was undetermined. CONCLUSIONS Measles in Lebanon is a disease of the pediatric population, but adults remain at risk. Outbreaks of mumps followed those of measles and were mainly among adolescents. Presence of a large number of Syrian refugees in the country may further complicate the situation. Vaccination activities need to be intensified.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Talal El Zarif
- Faculty of Medicine, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | | | - Nazih Bizri
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Balamand, Koura, Lebanon
| | - Ghida Kassir
- Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Umayya Musharrafieh
- Department of Family Medicine, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Abdul Rahman Bizri
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
| |
Collapse
|
93
|
Bartholomeus E, De Neuter N, Suls A, Elias G, van der Heijden S, Keersmaekers N, Jansens H, Van Tendeloo V, Beutels P, Laukens K, Ogunjimi B, Mortier G, Meysman P, Van Damme P. Transcriptomic profiling of different responder types in adults after a Priorix® vaccination. Vaccine 2020; 38:3218-3226. [PMID: 32165045 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2020.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2019] [Revised: 02/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Thanks to the recommendation of a combined Measles/Mumps/Rubella (MMR) vaccine, like Priorix®, these childhood diseases are less common now. This is beneficial to limit the spread of these diseases and work towards their elimination. However, the measles, mumps and rubella antibody titers show a large variability in short- and long-term immunity. The recent outbreaks worldwide of measles and mumps and previous studies, which mostly focused on only one of the three virus responses, illustrate that there is a clear need for better understanding the immune responses after vaccination. Our healthy cohort was already primed with the MMR antigens in their childhood. In this study, the adult volunteers received one Priorix® vaccine dose at day 0. First, we defined 4 different groups of responders, based on their antibody titers' evolution over 4 time points (Day 0, 21, 150 and 365). This showed a high variability within and between individuals. Second, we determined transcriptome profiles using 3'mRNA sequencing at day 0, 3 and 7. Using two analytical approaches, "one response group per time point" and "a time comparison per response group", we correlated the short-term gene expression profiles to the different response groups. In general, the list of differentially expressed genes is limited, however, most of them are clearly immune-related and upregulated at day 3 and 7, compared to the baseline day 0. Depending on the specific response group there are overlapping signatures for two of the three viruses. Antibody titers and transcriptomics data showed that an additional Priorix vaccination does not facilitate an equal immune response against the 3 viruses or among different vaccine recipients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Esther Bartholomeus
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Antwerp/Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, Belgium; AUDACIS, Antwerp Unit for Data Analysis and Computation in Immunology and Sequencing, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.
| | - Nicolas De Neuter
- AUDACIS, Antwerp Unit for Data Analysis and Computation in Immunology and Sequencing, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium; Adrem Data Lab, Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium; Biomedical Informatics Research Network Antwerp (biomina), University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Arvid Suls
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Antwerp/Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, Belgium; AUDACIS, Antwerp Unit for Data Analysis and Computation in Immunology and Sequencing, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - George Elias
- AUDACIS, Antwerp Unit for Data Analysis and Computation in Immunology and Sequencing, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium; Laboratory of Experimental Hematology (LEH), Vaccine & Infectious Disease Institute (VAXINFECTIO), University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Sanne van der Heijden
- Laboratory of Experimental Hematology (LEH), Vaccine & Infectious Disease Institute (VAXINFECTIO), University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Nina Keersmaekers
- AUDACIS, Antwerp Unit for Data Analysis and Computation in Immunology and Sequencing, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium; Centre for Health Economics Research & Modeling Infectious Diseases (CHERMID), Vaccine & Infectious Disease Institute (VAXINFECTIO), University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Hilde Jansens
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, Belgium
| | - Viggo Van Tendeloo
- AUDACIS, Antwerp Unit for Data Analysis and Computation in Immunology and Sequencing, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium; Laboratory of Experimental Hematology (LEH), Vaccine & Infectious Disease Institute (VAXINFECTIO), University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Philippe Beutels
- AUDACIS, Antwerp Unit for Data Analysis and Computation in Immunology and Sequencing, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium; Centre for Health Economics Research & Modeling Infectious Diseases (CHERMID), Vaccine & Infectious Disease Institute (VAXINFECTIO), University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Kris Laukens
- AUDACIS, Antwerp Unit for Data Analysis and Computation in Immunology and Sequencing, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium; Adrem Data Lab, Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium; Biomedical Informatics Research Network Antwerp (biomina), University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Benson Ogunjimi
- AUDACIS, Antwerp Unit for Data Analysis and Computation in Immunology and Sequencing, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium; Laboratory of Experimental Hematology (LEH), Vaccine & Infectious Disease Institute (VAXINFECTIO), University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium; Centre for Health Economics Research & Modeling Infectious Diseases (CHERMID), Vaccine & Infectious Disease Institute (VAXINFECTIO), University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium; Department of Paediatrics, Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, Belgium.
| | - Geert Mortier
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Antwerp/Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, Belgium; AUDACIS, Antwerp Unit for Data Analysis and Computation in Immunology and Sequencing, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Pieter Meysman
- AUDACIS, Antwerp Unit for Data Analysis and Computation in Immunology and Sequencing, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium; Adrem Data Lab, Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium; Biomedical Informatics Research Network Antwerp (biomina), University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Pierre Van Damme
- AUDACIS, Antwerp Unit for Data Analysis and Computation in Immunology and Sequencing, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium; Centre for the Evaluation of Vaccination (CEV), Vaccine & Infectious Disease Institute (VAXINFECTIO), University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
94
|
Su SB, Chang HL, Chen KT. Current Status of Mumps Virus Infection: Epidemiology, Pathogenesis, and Vaccine. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2020; 17:ijerph17051686. [PMID: 32150969 PMCID: PMC7084951 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17051686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Revised: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 02/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Mumps is an important childhood infectious disease caused by mumps virus (MuV). We reviewed the epidemiology, pathogenesis, and vaccine development of mumps. Previous studies were identified using the key words “mumps” and “epidemiology”, “pathogenesis” or “vaccine” in MEDLINE, PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Google Scholar. We excluded the articles that were not published in the English language, manuscripts without abstracts, and opinion articles from the review. The number of cases caused by MuV decreased steeply after the introduction of the mumps vaccine worldwide. In recent years, a global resurgence of mumps cases in developed countries and cases of aseptic meningitis caused by some mumps vaccine strains have renewed the importance of MuV infection worldwide. The performance of mumps vaccination has become an important issue for controlling mumps infections. Vaccine development and routine vaccination are still effective measures to globally reduce the incidence of mumps infections. During outbreaks, a third of MMR vaccine is recommended for groups of persons determined by public authorities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shih-Bin Su
- Department of Occupational Medicine, Chi-Mei Medical Center, Tainan 710, Taiwan;
| | - Hsiao-Liang Chang
- Department of Surveillance, Centers for Disease Control, Taipei 100, Taiwan;
| | - Kow-Tong Chen
- Department of Occupational Medicine, Tainan Municipal Hospital (managed by Show Chwan Medical Care Corporation), Tainan 701, Taiwan
- Department of Public Health, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-6-2609926; Fax: +886-6-2606351
| |
Collapse
|
95
|
Kirtland KA, Lin X, Kroger AT, Myerburg S, Rodgers L. Frequency and cost of live vaccines administered too soon after prior live vaccine in children aged 12 months through 6 years, 2014-2017. Vaccine 2019; 37:6868-6873. [PMID: 31563283 PMCID: PMC6815661 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2019.09.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Revised: 09/02/2019] [Accepted: 09/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To identify number of children who received live vaccines outside recommended intervals between doses and calculate corrective revaccination costs. METHODS We analyzed >1.6 million vaccination records for children aged 12 months through 6 years from six immunization information system (IIS) Sentinel Sites from 2014-15 when live attenuated influenza vaccine (LAIV, FluMist® Quadrivalent) was recommended for use, and from 2016-17, when not recommended for use. Depending on the vaccine, insufficient intervals between live vaccine doses are less than 24 or 28 days from a preceding live vaccine dose. Private and public purchase costs of vaccines were used to determine revaccination costs of live vaccine doses administered during the live vaccine conflict interval. Measles, mumps, rubella (MMR), varicella, combined MMRV, and LAIV were live vaccines evaluated in this study. RESULTS Among 946,659 children who received at least one live vaccine dose from 2014-15, 4,873 (0.5%) received at least one dose too soon after a prior live vaccine (revaccination cost, $786,413) with a median conflict interval of 16 days. Among 704,591 children who received at least one live vaccine dose from 2016-17, 1,001 (0.1%) received at least one dose too soon after a prior live vaccine (revaccination cost, $181,565) with a median conflict interval of 14 days. The live vaccine most frequently administered outside of the recommended intervals was LAIV from 2014-15, and varicella from 2016-17. CONCLUSIONS Live vaccine interval errors were rare (0.5%), indicating an adherence to recommendations. If all invalid doses were corrected by revaccination over the two time periods, the cost within the IIS Sentinel Sites would be nearly one million dollars. Provider awareness about live vaccine conflicts, especially with LAIV, could prevent errors, and utilization of clinical decision support functionality within IISs and Electronic Health Record Systems can facilitate better vaccination practices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Xia Lin
- National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Andrew T Kroger
- National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Stuart Myerburg
- National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Loren Rodgers
- National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
96
|
Williams VF, Stahlman S, Fan M. Measles, mumps, rubella, and varicella among service members and other beneficiaries of the Military Health System, 1 January 2016-30 June 2019. MSMR 2019; 26:2-12. [PMID: 31657583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Measles, mumps, rubella, and varicella (MMR/V) are highly communicable infectious diseases whose causative agents are spread through contact with contaminated surfaces or airborne droplets. Individuals at highest risk for MMR/V infections include infants; unvaccinated or inadequately vaccinated persons; individuals living in communities with low vaccination rates or in crowded, unsanitary conditions; and persons with compromised immune systems. Between 1 January 2016 and 30 June 2019, there were 5 confirmed measles cases and 64 confirmed mumps cases among all Military Health System (MHS) beneficiaries. During this period, no cases of measles were reported among U.S. service members. There were 29 confirmed mumps cases among service members during the surveillance period; 2 cases occurred in 2016, 17 in 2017, 5 in 2018, and 5 in the first 6 months of 2019. There were 6 confirmed rubella cases among all MHS beneficiaries. Among service members, there were 39 confirmed cases of varicella during the surveillance period; 9 cases occurred in 2016, 11 in 2017, 11 in 2018, and 8 in the first 6 months of 2019. Recent trends in MMR/V in both military and civilian populations in the U.S. highlight the importance of primary and booster vaccinations.
Collapse
|
97
|
|
98
|
Sanklecha M. Measles-Rubella Campaign: Could Things Have Been Done Differently? Indian Pediatr 2019; 56:335. [PMID: 31064912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mukesh Sanklecha
- Department of Pediatrics, Bombay Hospital Institute of Medical Sciences, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India.
| |
Collapse
|
99
|
Price S. Talk to Patients About: Mumps. Tex Med 2019; 115:47. [PMID: 30855696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
More than 2,000 U.S. mumps cases occurred in 2018. That's down from 6,000-plus cases CDC reported in both 2016 and 2017, but a far cry from the hundreds reported in 2012. Texas is not immune. In 2018, mumps outbreaks occurred at Texas Christian University in Fort Worth, Texas State University in San Marcos, and a national cheerleading competition in Dallas. Mumps still spreads much faster and more dangerously among unvaccinated groups, and immunization remains the best protection.
Collapse
|
100
|
Fields VS, Safi H, Waters C, Dillaha J, Capelle L, Riklon S, Wheeler JG, Haselow DT. Mumps in a highly vaccinated Marshallese community in Arkansas, USA: an outbreak report. Lancet Infect Dis 2019; 19:185-192. [PMID: 30635255 DOI: 10.1016/s1473-3099(18)30607-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2018] [Revised: 09/07/2018] [Accepted: 09/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND During 2000-15, Arkansas Department of Health, Little Rock, AR, USA, investigated between one and six cases of mumps each year. From Aug 5, 2016, to Aug 5, 2017, the department received notification of more than 4000 suspected mumps cases in the second largest outbreak in the USA in the past 30 years. METHODS Arkansas Department of Health investigated all reported cases of mumps to ascertain exposure, travel, and vaccination histories and identify close contacts. Cases were classified as confirmed if the patient had laboratory confirmation of mumps virus or probable if they had clinical symptoms and either a positive serological test or a known epidemiological link to a confirmed case. FINDINGS 2954 cases of mumps related to the outbreak were identified during the outbreak period: 1665 (56%) were laboratory confirmed, 1676 (57%) were in children aged 5-17 years, and 1692 (57%) were in Marshallese people. Among the 1676 school-aged cases, 1536 (92%) had previously received at least two doses of a vaccine containing the mumps virus. Although 19 cases of orchitis were reported, severe complications were not identified. Unusual occurrences, such as recurrent parotitis and prolonged viral shedding, were observed mostly in Marshallese individuals. Viral samples were characterised as genotype G. INTERPRETATION This large-scale outbreak, primarily affecting a marginalised community with intense household crowding, highlights the need for coordinated, interdisciplinary, and non-traditional outbreak responses. This outbreak raises questions about mumps vaccine effectiveness and potential waning immunity. FUNDING Council of State and Territorial Epidemiologists and US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Virgie S Fields
- Arkansas Department of Health, Little Rock, AR, USA; Council of State and Territorial Epidemiologists Applied Epidemiology Fellowship, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Haytham Safi
- Arkansas Department of Health, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | | | | | - Lucy Capelle
- Arkansas Coalition of Marshallese, Springdale, AR, USA
| | - Sheldon Riklon
- University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences Northwest Campus, Fayetteville, AR, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|