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Singh KM, Reddy B, Patel AK, Panchasara H, Parmar N, Patel AB, Shah TM, Bhatt VD, Joshi CG. Metagenomic analysis of buffalo rumen microbiome: Effect of roughage diet on Dormancy and Sporulation genes. Meta Gene 2014; 2:252-68. [PMID: 25606408 PMCID: PMC4287859 DOI: 10.1016/j.mgene.2014.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2013] [Revised: 01/06/2014] [Accepted: 01/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Buffalo rumen microbiome experiences a variety of diet stress and represents reservoir of Dormancy and Sporulation genes. However, the information on genomic responses to such conditions is very limited. The Ion Torrent PGM next generation sequencing technology was used to characterize general microbial diversity and the repertoire of microbial genes present, including genes associated with Dormancy and Sporulation in Mehsani buffalo rumen metagenome. The research findings revealed the abundance of bacteria at the domain level and presence of Dormancy and Sporulation genes which were predominantly associated with the Clostridia and Bacilli taxa belonging to the phyla Firmicutes. Genes associated with Sporulation cluster and Sporulation orphans were increased from 50% to 100% roughage treatment, thereby promoting sporulation all along the treatments. The spore germination is observed to be the highest in the 75% roughage treatment both in the liquid and solid rumen fraction samples with respect to the decrease in the values of the genes associated with spore core dehydration, thereby facilitating spore core hydration which is necessary for spore germination.
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Patel AB, Dhande LA, Pusdekar YV, Borkar JA, Badhoniya NB, Hibberd PL. Childhood illness in households using biomass fuels in India: secondary data analysis of nationally representative national family health surveys. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH 2013; 19:35-42. [DOI: 10.1179/2049396712y.0000000013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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Patel AB, Pal R, Dewan A. Distribution profile of paraoxonase phenotypes among the Gujaratis. INDIAN JOURNAL OF HUMAN GENETICS 2011; 13:65-8. [PMID: 21957348 PMCID: PMC3168161 DOI: 10.4103/0971-6866.34709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Paraoxonase (PON1) can hydrolyze organophosphate pesticides (OP) and has a key role in the susceptibility of human in OP toxicity. The human-enzyme shows polymorphism and variations in the distribution profile of its phenotypes among different ethnic groups have been observed. AIMS: To see the distribution pattern of total PON1 activity in 45 healthy attendants of poisoning cases; 121 healthy unrelated farm-labours and 59 normal subjects of trauma. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The PON1 activities from serum/plasma samples of these healthy normal individuals were estimated with/without addition of 1M NaCl in order to determine salt-stimulated and basal activity. The PON 1 phenotypes were determined on the basis of percent activation of enzyme activity. RESULTS: Tri-modal distribution of basal PON1 activity was observed among all these individuals. 52.0% of the individuals belonged to Phenotype A, 46.6% to phenotype AB while 1.4% to Phenotype B with gene frequency of allele-A and allele-B being 0.753 and 0.247 respectively in excellent agreement with Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. CONCLUSION: Maximum number of individuals belonged to phenotype-A (low PON1 activity) showing potential vulnerability towards Op-poisoning.
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Patel AB, Mamtani M, Badhoniya N, Kulkarni H. What zinc supplementation does and does not achieve in diarrhea prevention: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Infect Dis 2011; 11:122. [PMID: 21569418 PMCID: PMC3115868 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2334-11-122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2011] [Accepted: 05/12/2011] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prevention of diarrhea has presented indomitable challenges. A preventive strategy that has received significant interest is zinc supplementation. Existing literature including quantitative meta-analyses and systematic reviews tend to show that zinc supplementation is beneficial however evidence to the contrary is augmenting. We therefore conducted an updated and comprehensive meta-analytical synthesis of the existing literature on the effect of zinc supplementation in prevention of diarrhea. METHODS EMBASE®, MEDLINE ® and CINAHL® databases were searched for published reviews and meta-analyses on the use of zinc supplementation for the prevention childhood diarrhea. Additional RCTs published following the meta-analyses were also sought. Effect of zinc supplementation on the following five outcomes was studied: incidence of diarrhea, prevalence of diarrhea, incidence of persistent diarrhea, incidence of dysentery and incidence of mortality. The published RCTs were combined using random-effects meta-analyses, subgroup meta-analyses, meta-regression, cumulative meta-analyses and restricted meta-analyses to quantify and characterize the role of zinc supplementation with the afore stated outcomes. RESULTS We found that zinc supplementation has a modest beneficial association (9% reduction) with incidence of diarrhea, a stronger beneficial association (19% reduction) with prevalence of diarrhea and occurrence of multiple diarrheal episodes (28% reduction) but there was significant unexplained heterogeneity across the studies for these associations. Age, continent of study origin, zinc salt and risk of bias contributed significantly to between studies heterogeneity. Zinc supplementation did not show statistically significant benefit in reducing the incidence of persistent diarrhea, dysentery or mortality. In most instances, the 95% prediction intervals for summary relative risk estimates straddled unity. CONCLUSIONS Demonstrable benefit of preventive zinc supplementation was observed against two of the five diarrhea-related outcomes but the prediction intervals straddled unity. Thus the evidence for a preventive benefit of zinc against diarrhea is inconclusive. Continued efforts are needed to better understand the sources of heterogeneity. The outcomes of zinc supplementation may be improved by identifying subgroups that need zinc supplementation.
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Abstract
A 10 year old girl presented with clinical signs and symptoms of the triad of niacin deficiency namely skin eruptions, ataxia, mental changes and diarrhea. Although this deficiency could be nutritional where maize is a staple diet, this patient had neutral aminoaciduria which indicated a defective transport of neutral amino acid transporter in the kidneys and intestine resulting in failure of transport of tryptophan and other neutral (ie, monoaminomonocarboxylic) alpha-amino acids in the small intestine and the renal tubules.
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Patel AB, Prabhu AS. Determinants of lead level in umbilical cord blood. Indian Pediatr 2009; 46:791-793. [PMID: 19213980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2008] [Accepted: 07/31/2008] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Lead levels were measured by atomic absorption spectrophotometry in umbilical cord blood samples of 205 consecutively born neonates and venous blood in 62 of the mothers. The mean (+/- SD) cord blood lead level was 4.7 +/- 12.1 microg/dL. In the sub sample of 62 mother-baby pairs, the mean (+/- SD) cord blood lead levels were 1.6 +/- 2.5 microg/dL and 2.0 +/- 2.1 microg/dL, respectively. According to CDC risk categories, 92% babies were in Class I of which 87% had lead levels below 5 microg/dL. The mean (+/- SD) birthweight in <5 microg/dL category was 2640 +/- 445 grams as compared to 2617 +/- 408 grams in >5 microg/dL category. The mean (+/- SD) gestational ages were 39.1 +/- 2.0 weeks and 38.1 +/- 2.0 weeks, respectively in the two groups (P=0.014). On multivariate linear analysis, lower gestational age significantly correlated with higher cord blood lead level.
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Stasiw RO, Zaun JW, Patel AB, Brown HD. Microcalorimetric study of binding by lysozyme of N-acetyl glucosamine oligomers. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PEPTIDE AND PROTEIN RESEARCH 2009; 5:11-7. [PMID: 4763351 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-3011.1973.tb02313.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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Gandhi CD, Meyer SA, Patel AB, Johnson DM, Post KD. Neurologic complications of inferior petrosal sinus sampling. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2008; 29:760-5. [PMID: 18238844 DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.a0930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Inferior petrosal sinus sampling (IPSS) is a useful diagnostic technique in adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)-dependent hypercortisolism with normal or equivocal MR imaging. The procedure is believed to be safe, with mostly minor complications. However, there are rare, but severe, neurologic complications that need to be considered. MATERIALS AND METHODS We performed an institutional review board-approved retrospective review of our institutional IPSS experience from July 2001 to January 2007. IPSS was performed for the evaluation of Cushing disease. The end points of particular interest were the indications for IPSS and the incidence of associated complications. RESULTS During the study period of 5(1/2) years, 44 patients underwent IPSS for evaluation of Cushing disease. There were 33 women and 11 men with a mean age of 43.1 years. Because of equivocal imaging and endocrine testing, 36 of 44 patients underwent IPSS, and 8 of 44 underwent IPSS after failed transsphenoidal exploration. The only complication was injury to the brain stem that occurred after an unremarkable procedure in a 42-year-old woman. She developed clinical evidence of pontomedullary dysfunction with MR imaging consistent with brain stem infarction. The cause of this injury is unclear, but a venous variant leading to transient venous hypertension or thrombosis is suspected. CONCLUSION Neurologic injury is a rare but serious complication associated with IPSS. Despite this, if performed under a strict paradigm, IPSS is both accurate and safe and can be very useful in the management of Cushing disease.
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Kamal MM, Sapkal RU, Sarodey CS, Munshi MM, Alsi YD, Chande MA, Hingway SR, Dandige S, Kane US, Kshirsagar R, Tangsale M, Zodpey S, Patel AB, Mamtani M, Kulkarni H. Comparative study of four candidate strategies to detect cervical cancer in different health care settings. J Obstet Gynaecol Res 2007; 33:480-9. [PMID: 17688615 DOI: 10.1111/j.1447-0756.2007.00562.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
AIM Considering the differing but potentially supplementary properties of visual inspection of the cervix with acetic acid (VIA) and the cytological examination (CYTO) of cervical smears for the screening of cervical cancers, we examined the performance of these two tests and their combinations for the screening of cervical cancer in different health care settings. METHODS In this cross-sectional diagnostic test performance evaluation study of 4235 female subjects in the reproductive age group, we assessed the screening performance of four strategies: VIA alone, CYTO alone, VIA and CYTO combined in a parallel fashion, and VIA and CYTO combined in tandem. Subjects were recruited from three settings: Hospital, Urban Community and Rural Community. Colposcopy was used as the reference standard. Screening performance was assessed using sensitivity, specificity, post-test probabilities and likelihood ratios (LR), diagnostic odds, area under receiver operating characteristic curve and LR chi(2). RESULTS Both VIA and CYTO when used alone had a low sensitivity but high specificity, especially in the Rural Community setting. A combination of the results of VIA and CYTO improved the diagnostic accuracy but the strategy using a parallel combination of VIA and CYTO was the most accurate. In general, all screening strategies using VIA and CYTO showed a modest screening performance. CONCLUSIONS In the settings of varying levels of health care and low resources, caution is needed for a generalized use of VIA for cervical cancer screening. Further evaluation of the cost-effective ways of combining VIA and CYTO is needed in these circumstances.
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Gilad R, Fatterpekar GM, Johnson DM, Patel AB. Migrating subdural hematoma without subarachnoid hemorrhage in the case of a patient with a ruptured aneurysm in the intrasellar anterior communicating artery. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2007; 28:2014-6. [PMID: 17921232 DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.a0726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Acute spontaneous subdural hematoma without the presence of a subarachnoid hemorrhage as a result of a ruptured aneurysm is rare. We present the case of a patient with an aneurysm of the intrasellar anterior communicating artery that caused hemorrhage solely into the subdural space. The hemorrhage then migrated down the spinal canal. Our case is unique because all these 3 rare processes occurred in a single patient. Identification of the cause of this type of hemorrhage in a timely fashion is crucial to the management of such a patient.
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Chowdhury GMI, Gupta M, Gibson KM, Patel AB, Behar KL. Altered cerebral glucose and acetate metabolism in succinic semialdehyde dehydrogenase-deficient mice: evidence for glial dysfunction and reduced glutamate/glutamine cycling. J Neurochem 2007; 103:2077-91. [PMID: 17854388 DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-4159.2007.04887.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Succinic semialdehyde dehydrogenase (SSADH) catalyzes the NADP-dependent oxidation of succinic semialdehyde to succinate, the final step of the GABA shunt pathway. SSADH deficiency in humans is associated with excessive elevation of GABA and gamma-hydroxybutyrate (GHB). Recent studies of SSADH-null mice show that elevated GABA and GHB are accompanied by reduced glutamine, a known precursor of the neurotransmitters glutamate and GABA. In this study, cerebral metabolism was investigated in urethane-anesthetized SSADH-null and wild-type 17-day-old mice by intraperitoneal infusion of [1,6-(13)C(2)]glucose or [2-(13)C]acetate for different periods. Cortical extracts were prepared and measured using high-resolution (1)H-[(13)C] NMR spectroscopy. Compared with wild-type, levels of GABA, GHB, aspartate, and alanine were significantly higher in SSADH-null cortex, whereas glutamate, glutamine, and taurine were lower. (13)C Labeling from [1,6-(13)C(2)]glucose, which is metabolized in neurons and glia, was significantly lower (expressed as mumol of (13)C incorporated per gram of brain tissue) for glutamate-(C4,C3), glutamine-C4, succinate-(C3/2), and aspartate-C3 in SSADH-null cortex, whereas Ala-C3 was higher and GABA-C2 unchanged. (13)C Labeling from [2-(13)C]acetate, a glial substrate, was lower mainly in glutamine-C4 and glutamate-(C4,C3). GHB was labeled by both substrates in SSADH-null mice consistent with GABA as precursor. Our findings indicate that SSADH deficiency is associated with major alterations in glutamate and glutamine metabolism in glia and neurons with surprisingly lesser effects on GABA synthesis.
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Patel AB, Amin A, Sortey SZ, Athawale A, Kulkarni H. Impact of training on observer variation in chest radiographs of children with severe pneumonia. Indian Pediatr 2007; 44:675-681. [PMID: 17921556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pneumonia diagnosed using chest radiographs is often used as a study end point in trials and epidemiological studies. We studied whether training of the end-users in 172 standardized chest radiographic features will decrease variability in the interpretation. METHODS Inter-observer variation of 3 observers in recognizing standardized radiographic features for pneumonia was studied in 172 chest radiographs of children with clinical severe pneumonia. (as per WHO definition). The observers were then trained using a software with a repository of normal and abnormal films showing a spectrum of radiological changes in pneumonia. The interobserver variation in recognizing the same standardized radiographic features was recorded after this training. For each radiographic feature, Cohen's kappa statistics to assess the between-observer agreement and Fleiss's multiple rater kappa statistics to assess agreement among all three clinicians was used. RESULTS The 'uniterpretable' films reduced from 16.6% (95% CI 0%-34.1%) before training to 8.1% (95% CI 0%-17.7%) after training. The 'adequate' films increased from 54.2% (95% CI 12.5%-95.9%) before training to 70% (95% CI 46.5%-93.4%) after training. For all features, agreement between observers 1 with 2 and 1 with 3, the Cohen's kappa improved from poor to moderate agreement. The Fleiss's kappa values before training were 0.1 to 0.2 and after training ranged from 0.37 to 0.52 indicating moderate to good agreement after training. CONCLUSIONS Training of the doctors using standardized features with the help of a software improves agreement substantially in identifying radiological pneumonia.
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE To validate a simple wealth index scale (WIS) based assessment of socioeconomic status and compare it with existing kuppuswamy(KUP) scale. METHODS Families of 300 children aged 6 to 59 months of acute diarrhoea enrolled in a cross-sectional study were interviewed for socio economic status using both 8 item ownership scale (WIS) and Kuppuswamy (KUP) scale, validated against a reference standard Income Scale (IS). RESULTS Out of 111 people classified as low based on Income scale (IS), 17% were identified by WIS, and 21% by KUP. In the upper low, 69.4% were identified by WIS and 84.3 % by KUP. Amongst the low middle group the WIS identified 27.6% while KUP identified 10.6% and amongst upper middle patients 30% were identified by WIS and 15 % by KUP. There were none in the upper income of WIS or KUP category. The WIS performed well in all income categories whereas the KUP was better for upper low and low income categories. The agreement between WI and KUP was 55.56%. CONCLUSION KUP scale is lengthy and difficult to administer by pediatric students and biased towards professional qualifications and education, rather than actual standard of living. It can be replaced by a simple 8 item ownership scale (WI) which is robust for all income groups and also shows good agreement with KUP.
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Patel AB, Shaikh S. Efficacy of breast milk gastric lavage in preterm neonates. Indian Pediatr 2007; 44:199-203. [PMID: 17413195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate effects of gastric lavage with mother's milk starting 4 hours after birth, in hospitalized preterm newborns otherwise on exclusive parenteral fluids. METHOD STUDY DESIGN Randomized controlled trial. Sick preterm babies were assigned to receive in addition to parenteral fluids, either gastric lavage with mother's milk within 4 hours of birth and subsequently every 3 hours till tolerance of nutritive enteral feeds (intervention or BML group, n = 40), or remain nil per orally till tolerance of nutritive enteral feeds (control or NPO group, n = 40). The main outcome was the mean number of days of parenteral fluids till successful tolerance of nutritive enteral feeds. They were also evaluated for mean duration of hospital stay, development of new complications, and mortality. RESULT Despite sicker babies in the BML group at baseline, the mean duration of exclusive parenteral fluid was significantly less (P = 0.003) in BML (3.9 +/- 1.5 days as compared to 5.4 +/- 2.6 days in NPO). In the NPO group 60% of the babies stayed longer than 3 weeks in hospital compared to only 30% in the BML group. The risk of development of new complication after randomization was also significantly less in BML group [RR 0.61 (95% CI 0.40-0.95) (P=0.03)]. Incidence of sepsis was 44% less in BML group [30% in BML, 55% in NPO group; RR 0.58; 95% CI 0.35-0.97; P = 0.02]. On multivariate logistic regression, BML group, birth weight and absence of complication at the time of hospitalization were strong predictors of improved outcome. There was no difference in mortality between 2 groups. CONCLUSION This study showed that early exposure to even small amounts of mother's milk in sick preterm neonates significantly reduced the days on parenteral fluids, risk of sepsis and the duration of hospital stay without any adverse effect.
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Patel AB, Shaikh S. Failure of breastfeeding-need to reappraise antenatal counseling. Indian Pediatr 2006; 43:656-7. [PMID: 16891693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
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Patel AB, Mamtani MR, Thakre TP, Kulkarni H. Association of umbilical cord blood lead with neonatal behavior at varying levels of exposure. Behav Brain Funct 2006; 2:22. [PMID: 16803627 PMCID: PMC1557521 DOI: 10.1186/1744-9081-2-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2006] [Accepted: 06/27/2006] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In the light of the ongoing debate about lowering the cut-off for acceptable blood lead level to <5 μg/dL from the currently recommended level of <10 μg/dL, we considered whether prenatal exposure to varying levels of lead is associated with similar or disparate effects on neonatal behavior. Methods Using Brazelton's Neonatal Behavioral Assessment Scale (NBAS), an epidemiological approach and robust statistical techniques like multivariate linear regression, logistic regression, Poisson regression and structural equations modeling analyses we estimated the simultaneous indirect effects of umbilical cord blood lead (CBL) levels and other neonatal covariates on the NBAS clusters. Results We observed that when analyzed in all study subjects, the CBL levels independently and strongly influenced autonomic stability and abnormal reflexes clusters. However, when the analysis was restricted to neonates with CBL <10 μg/dL, CBL levels strongly influenced the range of state, motor and autonomic stability clusters. Abnormal walking reflex was consistently associated with an increased CBL level irrespective of the cut-off for CBL, however, only at the lower cut-offs were the predominantly behavioral effects of CBL discernible. Conclusion Our results further endorse the need to be cognizant of the detrimental effects of blood lead on neonates even at a low-dose prenatal exposure.
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Wilson L, Patel AB. Renal colic during sexual intercourse: a unique presentation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006; 34:225-6. [PMID: 16477426 DOI: 10.1007/s00240-006-0039-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2005] [Accepted: 01/12/2006] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The average lifetime risk of renal stones has been reported to be in the range of 5-21%, and the majority of patients have recurrent stones (Tiselius et al. in Eur Urol 40:362-371, 2001). The peak incidence is between the fourth and fifth decades, and therefore generally active and working adults are most affected. Stones are usually formed in a calyx, and become symptomatic if they move to obstruct the upper urinary tract. In the majority of cases, there is no specific action which causes stone movement from a non-obstructing to an obstructing position. We present the first ever case report in the literature of an episode of renal colic during sexual intercourse. The role of percussion therapy and postural drainage are well established following shockwave lithotripsy (SWL) to enhance passage of lower pole stone fragments (Brownlee et al. in J Urol 143:1096, 1990), and it may well be the result of similar principles of motion and body positioning which caused the patient to present in this manner.
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Patel AB, Shaikh S. Fixed cutaneus sporotrichosis. Indian Pediatr 2006; 43:73-4. [PMID: 16465012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
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Patel AB, Wilson L, Rane A. Occult Leydig Cell Tumour Presenting as Bilateral Gynaecomastia. Case Report and Literature Review. ScientificWorldJournal 2005; 5:884-887. [PMID: 29861682 PMCID: PMC5936502 DOI: 10.1100/tsw.2005.107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2005] [Revised: 09/30/2005] [Accepted: 10/14/2005] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Gynaecomastia is the most common benign breast disorder in men. Among the various causes, testicular malignancies are an uncommon, life-threatening condition requiring prompt diagnosis and treatment. The case of a 28-year-old man is discussed, who presented with a 6-month history of painful bilateral gynaecomastia with no abnormality on clinical or biochemical examination. The patient's symptoms spontaneously resolved within 4 weeks. He then represented 10 years later with similar symptoms and an associated secondary hypogonadism. Ultrasound imaging revealed a clinically occult, hypoechoic mass in the left testis (Leydig cell tumour on histology). Clinical and hormonal findings normalized following surgical excision. This report underlines the importance in clinical practice of ultrasonographic evaluation of the testis, in all patients with gynaecomastia, despite unremarkable findings on physical examination.
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE To identify specific domains and traits that are most affected in patients with sickle cell anemia and traits with respect to normal children. METHODS Children attending the regional hemoglobinopathy center at IGMC, Nagpur in age group of 8-14 years were assessed. Of 52 children studied, 25 had sickle cell anemia (SCA), 12 had sickle cell trait (SCT) and 15 wre normal control. The (quality of life (QOL) was assessed using multidimensional interview based questionnaire. RESULTS All domains, physical, psychosocial, cognitive and morbidity were affected. In SCA playing and mobility were most affected. There was feeling of sadness or disinterest and lack of support from teachers. The school attendance, vocational achievement perception, entertainment and participation in cultural activities were also affected. The intensity of weakness and pain was greater in SCA children who left that they were affected by a major illness. The unusual finding was that the SCT children also showed affection of all domains as compared to normal children, which was perhaps due to the stigma of the disease. CONCLUSION QOL is affected in children with sickle cell disease (SCD) and to a lesser extent in SCT. Interventions to improve QOL should target the affected items. Improving awareness of the disease and its manifestation will help to alleviate the psychosocial affliction of children with SCT.
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Patel AB, Dhande LA, Rawat MS. Therapeutic evaluation of zinc and copper supplementation in acute diarrhea in children: double blind randomized trial. Indian Pediatr 2005; 42:433-42. [PMID: 15923689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To test the hypothesis that daily supplementation of zinc and copper mixed with the oral rehydration solution (ORS) reduces the duration and the severity of acute diarrhea in children. METHODS In a randomized, double blind, placebo controlled trial children aged 6 months to 59 months in an urban hospital with acute diarrhea, were assigned to receive the intervention of once daily 40 mg of zinc sulfate and 5 mg of copper sulfate dissolved in a liter of standard ORS (n = 102) or placebo (50 mg of standard ORS powder) dissolved in a liter of ORS (n = 98). RESULT The baseline characteristics in the two groups were similar. The mean survival time (days) (SE) with diarrhea was not significantly different in the treatment (4.34 (0.2)) as compared to the placebo group (4.48 (0.2)), nor was there any difference in the median time to cure. Cure was less likely with longer duration of diarrhea prior to enrollment (P < 0.001), if the time taken for rehydration was more (P = 0.001) and if intravenous fluids were used (P = 0.03) regardless of the micronutrient supplementation. The proportion of children with diarrhea > 4 days was 46% in the placebo group with an adjusted odds ratio (OR) (95% CI) of 1.19 (1.58, 0.9; P = 0.2) as compared to 39% in the supplemented group. The most important risk factor for diarrhea > 4 days was diarrheal duration prior to enrollment with OR = 6.25 (3.7, 11.1). The supplemented group however had less severity of diarrhea with a lower proportion of children requiring unscheduled intravenous fluids (OR = 0.4; 95% CI 0.05, 2.2), with weight loss (OR = 0.7; 95% CI; 0.4, 1.3), with complications (OR = 0.15; 0.01, 1.3) and had no deaths as compared to two in the placebo group. CONCLUSIONS This study showed that the most important predictor for duration of diarrhea in children was the severity of the disease at enrollment, and, not the supplementation. There were clinical beneficial effects of supplementation on rate of any complications and mortality. A larger trial is warranted before supplementation of micronutrients mixed with ORS are recommended for management of acute diarrhea.
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Patel AB, Wilson L, Blick C, Meffan P. Paraneoplastic hypercalcaemia associated with TCC of bladder. ScientificWorldJournal 2004; 4:1069-70. [PMID: 15632985 PMCID: PMC5956393 DOI: 10.1100/tsw.2004.187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE The incidence and the risk factors of sickle cell disease (SCD), vaccinated with Pneumococcal vaccine and on penicillin prophylaxis has not been previously reported in India. METHODS This prospective hospital based study followed 325 children on penicillin prophylaxis, of which 161 were vaccinated for pneumococci, over 146.84 person years to determine the incidence and determinants of crisis (SCC) and infections. The average age at presentation was 7.05 +/- 3.26 years with male preponderance below 2 years. RESULTS The main causes for hospitalizations were for blood transfusion, SCC and infections. The incidence of SCC was 1.25 per patient per year and that of infection was 1.38 per person per year. The risk factors for SCC were Mahar caste (p = 0.007) non-compliance (p = 0.000) and protein energy malnutrition (PEM) (p = 0.0015) and for infection were also PEM (p = 0.023), Mahar caste (p = 0.021) and noncompliance (p = 0.001). CONCLUSION Malnutrition and non-compliance with medication increased the patient's susceptibility to SCC and infections.
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Patel AB, Athavale AM. Cleidocranial dysplasia. Indian Pediatr 2004; 41:622-3. [PMID: 15235173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/30/2023]
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75
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Patel AB, Dhande LA, Rawat MS. Economic evaluation of zinc and copper use in treating acute diarrhea in children: A randomized controlled trial. COST EFFECTIVENESS AND RESOURCE ALLOCATION 2003; 1:7. [PMID: 14498987 PMCID: PMC201016 DOI: 10.1186/1478-7547-1-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2003] [Accepted: 08/29/2003] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND: The therapeutic effects of zinc and copper in reducing diarrheal morbidity have important cost implications. This health services research study evaluated the cost of treating a child with acute diarrhea in the hospital, the impact of micronutrient supplementation on the mean predicted costs and its cost-effectiveness as compared to using only standard oral rehydration solution (ORS), from the patient's and government's (providers) perspective. METHODS: Children aged 6 months to 59 months with acute diarrhea were randomly assigned to receive either the intervention or control. The intervention was a daily dose of 40 mg of zinc sulfate and 5 mg of copper sulfate powder dissolved in a liter of standard ORS (n = 102). The control was 50 mg of standard ORS powder dissolved in a liter of standard ORS (n = 98). The cost measures were the total mean cost of treating acute diarrhea, which included the direct medical, the direct non-medical and the indirect costs. The effectiveness measures were the probability of diarrhea lasting leq; 4 days, the disability adjusted life years (DALYs) and mortality. RESULTS: The mean total cost of treating a child with acute diarrhea was US $14 of which the government incurred an expenditure of 66%. The factors that increased the total were the number of stools before admission (p = 0.01), fever (p = 0.01), increasing grade of dehydration (p = 0.00), use of antibiotics (p = 0.00), use of intra-venous fluids (p = 0.00), hours taken to rehydrate a child (p = 0.00), the amount of oral rehydration fluid used (p = 0.00), presence of any complications (p = 0.00) and the hospital stay (p = 0.00). The supplemented group had a 8% lower cost of treating acute diarrhea, their cost per unit health (diarrhea lasting leq; 4 days) was 24% less and the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio indicated cost savings (in Rupees) with the intervention [-452; 95%CI (-11306, 3410)]. However these differences failed to reach conventional levels of significance. CONCLUSION: An emphasis on the costs and economic benefits of an alternative therapy is an important aspect of health services research. The cost savings and the attractive cost-effectiveness indicates the need to further assess the role of micronutrients such as zinc and copper in the treatment of acute diarrhea in a larger and more varied population.
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76
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Patel AB, Renge RL. Ehler-Danlos syndrome. Indian Pediatr 2002; 39:784-5. [PMID: 12196696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/26/2023]
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77
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Patel AB, Belsare H. Resistant malaria in a neonate. Indian Pediatr 2002; 39:585-8. [PMID: 12084956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
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78
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Patel AB, Renge RL. Tetralogy of Fallot in monozygotic twins. Indian Heart J 2002; 54:83-5. [PMID: 11999095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
A pair of monozygotic twins having tetralogy of Fallot is reported for the first time in the Indian literature. This case report will help in further enriching the existing data on genetic hypothesis of congenital heart defects.
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79
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Patel AB, Renge RL. William's syndrome. Indian Pediatr 2001; 38:1427. [PMID: 11752746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
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80
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Patel AB, Rothman DL, Cline GW, Behar KL. Glutamine is the major precursor for GABA synthesis in rat neocortex in vivo following acute GABA-transaminase inhibition. Brain Res 2001; 919:207-20. [PMID: 11701133 DOI: 10.1016/s0006-8993(01)03015-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The objective of the present study was to assess the degree to which astrocytic glutamine provides carbon for net synthesis of GABA in the rat neocortex in vivo. Isotopic labeling of GABA and glutamate from astrocytic glutamine was followed in halothane anesthetized and ventilated rats during an intravenous infusion of [2-(13)C]glucose. A net increase in GABA was achieved by administration of the GABA-transaminase inhibitor, gabaculine to suppress catabolism of GABA and recycling of (13)C label. (13)C Percentage enrichments of GABA, glutamate and glutamine were assessed in tissue extracts using (13)C-edited (1)H nuclear magnetic resonance at 8.4 T. GABA levels increased 2.6 micromol/g at 2 h and 6.1 micromol/g at 5 h after gabaculine, whereas glutamate and glutamine decreased in toto by 5.6 micromol/g at 2 h and 3.1 micromol/g at 5 h. Selective enrichment of glutamine, glutamate, and GABA C3's over other carbon positions was observed consistent with a precursor role for astrocytic glutamine. Between 1 h (control) and 3 h (gabaculine-treated) of [2-(13)C]glucose infusion, (13)C percentage enrichment increased in glutamine C3 (from 3.2+/-0.5 to 7.0+/-0.9%), glutamate C3 (from 1.8+/-0.5 to 3.4+/-0.9%), and GABA C3 (from 2.7+/-1.6 to 4.8+/-0.4%). The measured incremental [3-(13)C]GABA concentration (0.15 micromol/g) was close to the predicted value (0.13 micromol/g) that would be expected if the increase in GABA were produced entirely from glutamine compared to glutamate (0.07 micromol/g) based on the average precursor enrichments between 1 and 3 h. We conclude that glutamine is the major source of GABA carbon in the rat neocortex produced acutely following GABA-T inhibition by gabaculine in vivo.
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81
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Renge RL, Patel AB. Neonatal tetanus. Indian Pediatr 2001; 38:1316. [PMID: 11721078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
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82
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Patel AB, Williams SV, Frumkin H, Kondawar VK, Glick H, Ganju AK. Blood lead in children and its determinants in Nagpur, India. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH 2001; 7:119-26. [PMID: 11373042 DOI: 10.1179/107735201800339498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
In a community-based cross-sectional study of 297 children aged 6 months to 6 years in an Indian city, the authors assessed the prevalence of elevated (> or = 10 microg/dL) blood lead (PbB) levels, their risk factors, and the lead contents in potential environmental sources. Mean PbB was 18.4 microg/dL +/- 16.5. The prevalence of elevated PbB was 67%. Anticipated risk factors for elevated PbB were living in houses painted with lead-based paint, odds ratio (OR) 6.42 (1.75, 23.6; p = 0.005), recent exposures to lead-based paint, OR 2.61 (1.07, 6.66; p = 0.03), and the use of the eye cosmetic ma," OR 2.63 (1.24, 5.56; p = 0.01). Unanticipated results were effect of upper caste as a risk factor, OR (adjusted) 1.85 (95% CI = 0.96, 3.57; p = 0.06), and the lack of effect of traffic, parental occupational exposure, or nutritional status. Analysis of various environmental sources such as paint, pencils, crayons, and clay revealed high lead levels. These results demonstrate the existence of a major environmental health problem in Indian children, with risk factors that differ from those in other countries.
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83
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Patel AB, Srivastava S, Phadke RS. Substance P (free acid) adopts different conformation than native peptide in DMSO, water and DPPC bilayers. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2001; 19:129-38. [PMID: 11565844 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2001.10506726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
The conformation of substance P (free acid) (SPOH) has been investigated in dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO), water and dipalmitoylphosphotidylcholine (DPPC) bilayers by two-dimensional NMR and restraint molecular dynamics simulations. The observed NOE patterns for SPOH in these media are very much different from each other. Molecular modeling of the conformation of SPOH by incorporating NOEs as distance restraints shows wide differences in its conformation in three media. The main structural features for SPOH in DMSO are y-bends at Pro4 and Phe7 along with a non-specific bend around Lys3-Pro4-Gln5-Gln6, which are stabilized by Lys3CO-->Gln5NH, Gln6CO-->Phe8NH hydrogen bonding. The more flexible conformation of SPOH in water is transformed to an ordered structure after incorporation in DPPC bilayers. The conformation of SPOH in DPPC bilayers is characterized by gamma-bends at Pro4, Gln6 and Phe7, which are stabilized by hydrogen bonding between Lys3CO-->Gln5NH, Gln5CO-->Phe7NH and Gln6CO-->Phe8NH, respectively. The absence of biological activity in SPOH has been attributed to the absence of any helix like structure at the central residues and absence of any interresidue interaction with C-terminal OH group, in DPPC bilayers, a feature shown to be an important prerequisite for SP and SP agonists to bind to the NKI tachykinin receptor.
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84
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Patel AB, Renge RL. Langherhans cell histiocytosis in monozygotic twins. Indian Pediatr 2001; 38:788-91. [PMID: 11463969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/20/2023]
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85
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Patel AB, Williams SV, Frumkin H, Kondawar VK, Glick H, Ganju AK. Blood Lead in Children and Its Determinants in Nagpur, India. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH 2001. [DOI: 10.1179/oeh.2001.7.2.119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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86
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Patel AB, Renge RL. Caudal regression syndrome. Indian Pediatr 2001; 38:98. [PMID: 11175945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
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87
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Patel AB, Renge RL. Hypomelanosis of Ito. Indian Pediatr 2000; 37:1386. [PMID: 11119347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
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88
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Abstract
Rheumatic chorea is the sole neurologic manifestation of rheumatic fever. It is a debilitating illness lasting for weeks to months. Drugs like diazepam, haloperidol, chlorpromazine take four to six weeks for functional improvement and can cause serious side effects. The authors investigated the role of Vitamin E in reducing rheumatic chorea. A case series of patients of rheumatic chorea were administered Vitamin E in the dose 50 IU daily for fifteen days. The various clinical signs of rheumatic chorea were scored with MAIMS score (Modified Abnormal Involuntary Movement Scale score) which is used for tardive dyskinesia. No other drug for abnormal movements was used. In all the 4 patients who received vitamin E, there was remarkable change by 7th day and almost complete functional improvement by 14th day. Vitamin E is safer than the conventional drugs used for chorea in children. It was found effective in this case series. Its role needs further evaluation by a double-blind randomized controlled trial.
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89
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Patel AB, Srivastava S, Coutinho E, Phadke RS. Replacement of phe(8) in substance P by tyr (Tyr(8)-SP) alters the conformation of the peptide in DMSO, water, and lipid bilayers. Biopolymers 1999; 50:602-12. [PMID: 10508963 DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1097-0282(199911)50:6<602::aid-bip5>3.0.co;2-n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The conformation of [Tyr(8)]SP (Y8SP) in dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO), water, and dipalmitoyl phosphatidylcholine (DPPC) bilayers has been investigated by two-dimensional nmr and molecular dynamics simulations. Molecular modeling of the conformation of Y8SP by incorporating nuclear Overhauser effects as distance restraints shows wide differences in its conformation in the three media. In DMSO, the main structural features are gamma-bends along with a nonspecific bend around Gln(6)-Phe(7)-Tyr(8). The random coil structure seen in water is transformed into a beta-turn around the segment Gln(5)-Gln(6)-Phe(7)-Tyr(8) when Y8SP is incorporated into DPPC bilayers. The lower biological activity of Y8SP compared to the native peptide (SP) has been attributed to the absence of any helix like structure at the central residues, a feature shown to be an important prerequisite for SP and SP agonists to bind to the neurokinin 1 tachykinin receptor.
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90
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Patel AB, Srivastava S, Phadke RS, Govil G. Arginine acts as a protective and reversal agent against glycolytic inhibitors in spermatozoa. PHYSIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS AND MEDICAL NMR 1999; 31:29-40. [PMID: 10535103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/14/2023]
Abstract
It is known that the amino acid arginine stimulates sperm motility and glycolytic activity. We have earlier studied its efficacy as a stimulator of glycolysis in goat spermatozoa under anaerobic conditions. Here, we have assessed the influence of arginine in reversing the impairment caused by glycolytic inhibitors, iodoacetamide and iodoacetic acid. Glycolysis has been monitored by measuring the consumption of 13C labeled glucose and the amount of 13C labeled lactate produced under different experimental conditions, using 13C NMR. It is observed that both L- and D-arginine are able to prevent and reverse the inhibitory action of glycolytic inhibitors. The reversal effect of arginine gives rise to about eight times higher metabolic activity as compared to the inhibited cells while structurally related amino acids such as nitro-arginine, homo-arginine, lysine and ornithine are ineffective. The energetics of spermatozoa as measured by 31P NMR show a reduction in ATP level in cells incubated with iodoacetamide. Treatment of these cells with both L- and D-arginine restores the ATP level. The results may have significance in the treatment of male infertility.
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91
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Patel AB, Srivastava S, Phadke RS. Interaction of 7-hydroxy-8-(phenylazo)1,3-naphthalenedisulfonate with bovine plasma albumin. Spectroscopic studies. J Biol Chem 1999; 274:21755-62. [PMID: 10419489 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.274.31.21755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Interaction of Orange G (OG) with bovine plasma albumin (BPA) has been investigated using NMR, UV-visible absorption, CD, and fluorescence techniques. The bound conformation of OG is a compact structure with N9-N10 bond in a non-planar syn conformation. The binding causes a decrease in the 478-nm absorption band of OG. The analysis of the binding isotherm generated from UV-visible absorption measurements gives a dissociation constant of 10 microM and stoichiometry 1:1 for BPA.OG complex. Dissociation constant is invariant in the pH range 5.0-8.0 and is approximately 20 times higher at pH 4.0 than its value at pH 7.0. Near and far UV-CD studies indicate alterations in the helical content and in the tertiary structure of the protein on complexation. The binding induces (-) and (+) CD at 335 nm and 465 nm, respectively. The binding also results into an increase in the steady state fluorescence anisotropy of OG without affecting emission maximum and quantum yield. Fluorescence data indicate that quenching of Trp fluorescence by OG is static in nature and OG selectively binds near Trp-135. Observation of similar rotational correlation time for BPA and BPA.OG complex indicates that the overall globular structure of BPA remains unaltered on binding despite certain internal rearrangement in the protein structure.
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92
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Patel AB, Srivastava S, Phadke RS, Govil G. Identification of low-molecular-weight compounds in goat epididymis using multinuclear nuclear magnetic resonance. Anal Biochem 1999; 266:205-15. [PMID: 9888977 DOI: 10.1006/abio.1998.2888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Multinuclear nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) (1H, 13C, and 31P) studies have been performed on aqueous solutions of lyophilysates of cell-free extract, epididymal fluid, and intact cells from caput and cauda regions of epididymis of sacrificed goats. Identification of low-molecular-weight compounds present in different maturation phases of spermatozoa has been carried out. Several low-molecular-weight compounds have been identified by assigning 600 MHz 1H NMR spectra with the help of two-dimensional homonuclear and heteronuclear correlation spectroscopy such as double quantum filtered correlation spectroscopy and heteronuclear single quantum correlation spectroscopy. Homonuclear coupling constants have also been used to get unambiguous assignments of resonances. NMR data were compared with those of standard samples measured at same pH and with those reported in the literature. Identification of several amino acids, carbohydrates, and lipids have been made and their presence has been discussed in relation to their relevance to sperm functions. The presence of beta-alanine and hypotaurine has been reported for the first time in goat epididymis.
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Patel AB, Srivastava S, Phadke RS, Govil G. Arginine activates glycolysis of goat epididymal spermatozoa: an NMR study. Biophys J 1998; 75:1522-8. [PMID: 9726954 PMCID: PMC1299827 DOI: 10.1016/s0006-3495(98)74071-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study explores the mechanism underlying the action of L-arginine on the metabolic activity of spermatozoa. Goat epididymal spermatozoa were incubated with different concentrations of L-arginine to determine its effect on the utilization of glucose, fructose, and pyruvate. NMR techniques have been applied to elucidate the effect of L-arginine, L-lysine, and L-ornithine on the glycolysis of epididymal goat spermatozoa. Whereas 31P NMR has been used to estimate the change of pH in the presence of different concentrations of L-arginine, 13C NMR has been used to estimate the substrate consumption and lactate production. At optimal concentration of L-arginine, the forward metabolic rates have been found to increase by two to three times over control experiments. Arginine is not consumed in these reactions, but acts as an activator. Longitudinal relaxation time (T1) measurements indicate that the guanidino group of L-arginine plays an active role in binding to cells. The amino acid L-lysine is less effective, and L-ornithine is ineffective.
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Patel AB, Kondawar V, Williams S, Glick H, Ganju AK. A community based prevalence study of elevated blood lead levels (lead poisoning) in children. J Clin Epidemiol 1997. [DOI: 10.1016/s0895-4356(97)87238-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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95
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Patel AB, Pandya AA. Effects of chronic manganese toxicity on tissue levels and urinary excretion of nicotinamide nucleotides in rats. Hum Exp Toxicol 1994; 13:307-9. [PMID: 8043310 DOI: 10.1177/096032719401300503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Male rats were exposed to manganese sulphate i.p. daily for a period of four weeks to see its effects on tissue levels and urinary excretion of total nicotinamide nucleotides (TNN). Increased levels of TNN were observed in blood and brain while the levels were found to be decreased in liver. There was a progressive increase in the excretion of TNN during the experimental period. TNN levels in blood and urine might serve as useful biological indicators of Mn toxicity.
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Patel AB, Bhatt HV. Effect of organic and inorganic mercury on serum total and perchloric acid-soluble sialic acids in rats. INDIAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 1993; 37:259-60. [PMID: 8276513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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97
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Patel AB, Rawat MS, Grover S. ELISA for diagnosis of tuberculosis. Indian Pediatr 1990; 27:585-9. [PMID: 2253994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Antigen A 60 of Mycobacterium bovis is a cell wall antigen with almost complete cross reactivity with antigen A 60 of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. This antigen was used for the ELISA technique for 100 cases suspected of childhood tuberculosis to evaluate the usefulness of the method in the diagnosis. The positivity rate in pulmonary tuberculosis was 65.1%, in central nervous system tuberculosis 50.0% and in the miscellaneous group 76.4%. The overall positivity was 61.0%, proving the utility of the method for diagnosis.
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Patel AB, Venkatakrishna-Bhatt H. Influence of trace metals on serum total sialic acids and perchloric acid--soluble proteins and sialic acids in mice. J Appl Toxicol 1989; 9:67-8. [PMID: 2538502 DOI: 10.1002/jat.2550090112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Male Swiss mice were exposed to a single LD50 (75%; i.p.) of mercury, zinc, lead and manganese to determine their influence on serum sialic acid and protein levels after a refractory period of 48 h. They significantly elevated, in different proportions, the serum levels of total and perchloric acid (PCA)-soluble sialic acids (biological marker) and PCA-soluble proteins, thus indicating their toxicity.
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Desai VK, Patel AB, Patel SM, Mehta NR. Effect of storage in different types of vessels on coliform organisms in shallow well waters. INDIAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL SCIENCES 1977; 31:125-32. [PMID: 617104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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100
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Gehrke CW, Patel AB. Gas-liquid chromatography of nucleosides. Effect of silylating reagents and solvents. J Chromatogr A 1977; 130:103-14. [PMID: 856843 DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9673(00)89786-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The aims of this investigation were to study the completeness of silylation of nucleosides with three different reagents, bis(trimethylsilyl)trifluoroacetamide (BSTFA), bis(trimethylsilyl)acetamide (BSA) and trimethylsilylimidazole (TMSI), and to investigate the effect of different solvents (acetonitrile, pyridine, dimethylformamide, chloroform, methylene chloride, hexane, benzene, and toluene) on quantitation of derivatization. Closed-tube silylations of the nucleosides were performed with BSTFA, BSA, and TMSI, and for the most complete silylation, the optimal time, temperature, and molar excess of reagent were: for BSTFA, 150 degrees-15 min and 225 molar excess; for TMSI, 60 degrees-3 h and 1000 molar excess; and for BSA, 120 degrees-2 h and 250 molar excess. Also, silylations of seven major and minor nucleosides were carried out using a 1000 molar excess of BSTFA, BSA, and TMSI at 25 degrees with 5 min sonication, and at optimal silylation conditions as described above for the three reagents. The silylating strengths were determined by the increase in RWR (= weight response of nucleoside/weight response of pyrene) values, and are summarized for the amino group containing nucleosides silylated at room temperature as BSTFA greater than TMSI greater than BSA, and for silylation under optimal conditions as BSTFA greater than BSA greater than TMSI. The efficiency of silylation for the hydroxyl group-containing nucleosides silylated at room temperature was BSTFA greater than TMSI greater than BSA, and for silylation under optimal conditions BSTFA greater than TMSI = BSA...
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