26
|
Peña J, Yanez C, Gomez C, Martin W, Castillo C, Granados J, Riveros M. The Relationship between strength and academic performance: A new reason to promote physical activity. Eur J Public Health 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/ckz186.429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Experimental studies have determined that higher strength values are associated with more efficient cognitive function and better academic performance. In spite of this, the universities in Colombia are decreasing the time available for physical activity in favour of increasing the time devoted to theoretical subjects. This is one of the reasons why in Colombia, only 18% of young people complied with the world recommendations of physical activity. To examine this problem, the objective of this research was to establish the relationship between strength and academic performance in university students.
Methods
A cross-sectional study was developed in 135 (21.8 ± 4.5 yr; 78.69 ± 9.1kg) students of the fifth semester of the Areandina University in Bogota, Colombia. Each participant developed incremental protocols to determine the maximum weight that he or she could move in six different exercises: squat in smith machine, leg press, leg extension, bench press, pull down and military press. The average of the results of these tests was taken as the value of maximum strength. To determine academic performance, the average of the scores accumulated in the five semesters of their university studies was evaluated. Pearson correlation coefficient was used to find the linear relationship between strength and academic performance.
Results
Overall, 70.3 % of the participants were men and 29.7% were women. The results of the maximum strength tests were significantly higher in the male group than in the female group (P < 0.05). Academic performance was similar in both genders (P > 0.05). A positive correlation was established between maximum strength and academic performance. (r = 0.64 P < 0.05).
Conclusions
The conclusion of this research was that there is a significant relationship between strength and academic performance. These results are fundamental to justify the inclusion of spaces for the promotion of physical activity in public and private universities.
Key messages
Universities are institutions that only focus on academic training and generate contexts in which sedentary behaviours are promoted. Sedentary lifestyles are a public health problem in Colombia.
Collapse
|
27
|
Roth M, Okeke-Eweni K, Fontenot B, Tusa R, Rhodes S, Oral E, Moreno-Walton L, Hunt I, Castillo C. 149 Adequacy of Health Care Advance Directives in Patients Admitted to the Intensive Care Unit. Ann Emerg Med 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annemergmed.2019.08.154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
|
28
|
Tsujimura Y, Sugiyama S, Otsuka K, Htun TM, Numaguchi K, Castillo C, Akagi T, Ishii T, Ishikawa R. Detection of a novel locus involved in non-seed-shattering behaviour of Japonica rice cultivar, Oryzasativa 'Nipponbare'. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2019; 132:2615-2623. [PMID: 31222437 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-019-03376-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2018] [Accepted: 04/25/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
A novel locus, qCSS3, involved in the non-seed-shattering behaviour of Japonica rice cultivar, 'Nipponbare', was detected by QTL-seq analysis using the segregating population with the fixed known seed-shattering loci. Asian cultivated rice, Oryzasativa, was domesticated from its wild ancestor, O.rufipogon. Loss of seed shattering is one of the most recognisable traits selected during rice domestication. Three quantitative trait loci (QTLs), qSH1, qSH3, and sh4, were previously reported to be involved in the loss of seed shattering of Japonica cultivated rice, O.sativa 'Nipponbare'. However, the introgression line (IL) carrying 'Nipponbare' alleles at these three loci in the genetic background of wild rice, O.rufipogon W630, showed a lower value for detaching a grain from the pedicel than 'Nipponbare'. Here, we investigated abscission layer formation in the IL and found a partially formed abscission layer in the central region between the epidermis and vascular bundles. Based on QTL-seq analysis using the F2 population obtained from a cross between 'Nipponbare' and the IL, we detected two novel loci qCSS3 and qCSS9 (QTL for the Control of Seed Shattering in rice on chromosomes 3 and 9), which were found to be involved in the difference in seed-shattering degree between 'Nipponbare' and W630. Then, we further focused on qCSS3 in order to understand its potential role on the loss of seed shattering. The candidate region of qCSS3 was found to be located within a 526-kb region using substitution mapping analysis. Interestingly, the qCSS3 candidate region partially overlaps the selective sweep detected for Japonica but not for Indica rice cultivars, suggesting that this region harbours the mutation at a novel seed-shattering locus specifically selected for non-seed-shattering behaviour in Japonica cultivars.
Collapse
|
29
|
Castillo C, Benedito JL, Hernández J. The authentic nutritional value of beef: Remove false assumptions. Res Vet Sci 2019; 125:119-120. [PMID: 31200294 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2019.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2019] [Revised: 05/28/2019] [Accepted: 05/31/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
30
|
Lalueza A, Folgueira D, Díaz-Pedroche C, Hernández-Jiménez P, Ayuso B, Castillo C, Laureiro J, Trujillo H, Torres M, Lumbreras C. Severe lymphopenia in hospitalized patients with influenza virus infection as a marker of a poor outcome. Infect Dis (Lond) 2019; 51:543-546. [PMID: 31012776 DOI: 10.1080/23744235.2019.1598572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
|
31
|
Castillo C, Fernández-Mendívil C, Buendia I, Saavedra P, Meza C, Parra NC, Lopez MG, Toledo JR, Fuentealba J. Neuroprotective effects of EpoL against oxidative stress induced by soluble oligomers of Aβ peptide. Redox Biol 2019; 24:101187. [PMID: 30965198 PMCID: PMC6454060 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2019.101187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Revised: 03/26/2019] [Accepted: 03/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Erythropoietin is a glycoproteic hormone that regulates hematopoiesis by acting on its specific receptor (EpoR). The expression of EpoR in the central nervous system (CNS) suggests a role for this hormone in the brain. Recently, we developed a new Epo variant without hematopoietic activity called EpoL, which showed marked neuroprotective effects against oxidative stress in brain ischemia related models. In this study, we have evaluated the neuroprotective effects of EpoL against oxidative stress induced by chronic treatment with Aβ. Our results show that EpoL was neuroprotective against Aβ-induced toxicity by a mechanism that implicates EpoR, reduction in reactive oxygen species, and reduction in astrogliosis. Furthermore, EpoL treatment improved calcium handling and SV2 levels. Interestingly, the neuroprotective effect of EpoL against oxidative stress induced by chronic Aβ treatment was achieved at a concentration 10 times lower than that of Epo. In conclusion, EpoL, a new variant of Epo without hematopoietic activity, is of potential interest for the treatment of diseases related to oxidative stress in the CNS such as Alzheimer disease.
Collapse
|
32
|
Lalueza A, Folgueira D, Muñoz-Gallego I, Trujillo H, Laureiro J, Hernández-Jiménez P, Moral-Jiménez N, Castillo C, Ayuso B, Díaz-Pedroche C, Torres M, Arrieta E, Arévalo-Cañas C, Madrid O, Lumbreras C. Influence of viral load in the outcome of hospitalized patients with influenza virus infection. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2019; 38:667-673. [PMID: 30820840 PMCID: PMC7102091 DOI: 10.1007/s10096-019-03514-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2019] [Accepted: 02/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
The role of viral load in the outcome of patients requiring hospital admission due to influenza is not well established. We aim to assess if there is an association between the viral load and the outcome in hospitalized patients with a confirmed influenza virus infection. A retrospective observational study including all adult patients who were hospitalized in our center with a confirmed influenza virus infection from January to May 2016. Viral load was measured by real-time reverse-transcriptase–polymerase chain reaction (rRT-PCR) cycle threshold (Ct) value on upper respiratory tract samples. Its value was categorized into three groups (low Ct, ≤ 20; intermediate Ct, > 20–30; and high Ct, > 30). Two hundred thirty-nine patients were included. Influenza A/H1N1pdm09 was isolated in 207 cases (86.6%). The mean Ct value was 26.69 ± 5.81. The viral load was higher in the unvaccinated group when compared with the vaccinated patients (Ct 25.17 ± 5.55 vs. 27.58 ± 4.97, p = 0.004). Only 27 patients (11.29%) presented a high viral load. Patients with a high viral load more often showed abnormal findings on chest X-ray (p = 0.015) and lymphopenia (p = 0.097). By contrast, there were no differences between the three groups (according to viral load), in associated pneumonia, respiratory failure, need for mechanical ventilation, sepsis, or in-hospital mortality. Our findings suggest that in patients admitted to the hospital with confirmed influenza virus infection (mostly A/H1N1pdm09), a high viral load is associated with a higher presence of abnormal findings on chest X-ray but not with a significant worse prognosis. In these cases, standardized quantitative PCR could be useful.
Collapse
|
33
|
Ma X, Das NK, Castillo C, Gourani A, Perekatt AO, Verzi MP, Shah YM. SMAD family member 3 (SMAD3) and SMAD4 repress HIF2α-dependent iron-regulatory genes. J Biol Chem 2019; 294:3974-3986. [PMID: 30659096 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra118.005549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2018] [Revised: 01/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia-inducible factor 2α (HIF2α) directly regulates a battery of genes essential for intestinal iron absorption. Interestingly, iron deficiency and overload disorders do not result in increased intestinal expression of glycolytic or angiogenic HIF2α target genes. Similarly, inflammatory and tumor foci can induce a distinct subset of HIF2α target genes in vivo These observations indicate that different stimuli activate distinct subsets of HIF2α target genes via mechanisms that remain unclear. Here, we conducted a high-throughput siRNA-based screen to identify genes that regulate HIF2α's transcriptional activity on the promoter of the iron transporter gene divalent metal transporter-1 (DMT1). SMAD family member 3 (SMAD3) and SMAD4 were identified as potential transcriptional repressors. Further analysis revealed that SMAD4 signaling selectively represses iron-absorptive gene promoters but not the inflammatory or glycolytic HIF2α or HIF1α target genes. Moreover, the highly homologous SMAD2 did not alter HIF2α transcriptional activity. During iron deficiency, SMAD3 and SMAD4 expression was significantly decreased via proteasomal degradation, allowing for derepression of iron target genes. Several iron-regulatory genes contain a SMAD-binding element (SBE) in their proximal promoters; however, mutation of the putative SBE on the DMT1 promoter did not alter the repressive function of SMAD3 or SMAD4. Importantly, the transcription factor forkhead box protein A1 (FOXA1) was critical in SMAD4-induced DMT1 repression, and DNA binding of SMAD4 was essential for the repression of HIF2α activity, suggesting an indirect repressive mechanism through DNA binding. These results provide mechanistic clues to how HIF signaling can be regulated by different cellular cues.
Collapse
|
34
|
Abuelo A, Hernández J, Benedito JL, Castillo C. Redox Biology in Transition Periods of Dairy Cattle: Role in the Health of Periparturient and Neonatal Animals. Antioxidants (Basel) 2019; 8:antiox8010020. [PMID: 30642108 PMCID: PMC6356809 DOI: 10.3390/antiox8010020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2018] [Revised: 12/31/2018] [Accepted: 01/09/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Dairy cows undergo various transition periods throughout their productive life, which are associated with periods of increased metabolic and infectious disease susceptibility. Redox balance plays a key role in ensuring a satisfactory transition. Nevertheless, oxidative stress (OS), a consequence of redox imbalance, has been associated with an increased risk of disease in these animals. In the productive cycle of dairy cows, the periparturient and neonatal periods are times of increased OS and disease susceptibility. This article reviews the relationship of redox status and OS with diseases of cows and calves, and how supplementation with antioxidants can be used to prevent OS in these animals.
Collapse
|
35
|
Peña E, Gonzalez H, Rosales F, Jiménez I, Valenzuela M, Peña A, Pinelli A, Camou J, Avendaño L, Dávila J, Muhlia A, Castillo C. PSII-21 Fiber type characterization and meat quality of hair lambs supplemented with ferulic acid. J Anim Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/jas/sky404.166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
|
36
|
Sereno Moyano M, Falagan S, Moreno Rubio J, Álvarez Álvarez R, Olmedo M, Mielgo X, Navarro F, Ramos R, Enguita A, Benito A, Cebollero M, Alemany I, Castillo C, Casado E, Ponce Aix S. P3.01-88 Clinical and Molecular Analysis of Long-Term Survivors with Advanced Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: A Multicenter Experience in Madrid. J Thorac Oncol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2018.08.1648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
|
37
|
Wojan EM, Bertram SM, Clendenen DA, Castillo C, Neldner HM, Kolluru GR. Sexual selection on the multicomponent display of black morph male Girardinus metallicus (Pisces: Poeciliidae). Behav Processes 2018; 153:1-8. [PMID: 29727713 DOI: 10.1016/j.beproc.2018.04.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2017] [Revised: 04/27/2018] [Accepted: 04/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Sexually selected displays often include suites of integrated traits. Black morph males of the poeciliid fish Girardinus metallicus perform courtship and aggressive displays that exhibit their conspicuous yellow and black coloration. Body size, gonopodium size and ventral black area are correlated with intermale aggression, which is key for access to mates. A previous study showed that females may prefer dominant males prior to watching them fight; however, that result was obtained in trials that allowed for male-male interactions across partitions, and to date no study has uncovered the traits important in female choice. We performed a more comprehensive investigation of the multicomponent sexual display including measures of male yellow hue, saturation and brightness. We examined the behavior of size-matched males paired to maximize the difference in yellow saturation, and measured female choice exclusive of male-male interactions and chemical cues. We found no female preference for any traits in the multicomponent sexual display. Males with brighter and more saturated yellow coloration were more likely to be dominant, and dominant males courted and attempted copulations more. Our results suggest that yellow coloration is sexually selected; however, the courtship display requires further investigation because we did not identify targets of female preference, and we discuss possible explanations for this finding.
Collapse
|
38
|
Castillo C, Hernández J, Sotillo Mesanza J, Gutiérrez C, Montes AM, Mantecón ÁR. Effects of Posidonia oceanica banquettes on intake, digestibility, nitrogen balance and metabolic profiles in sheep. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2018; 98:2658-2664. [PMID: 29072779 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.8759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2017] [Revised: 10/19/2017] [Accepted: 10/19/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The marine plant Posidonia oceanica (L.) (PO) has been demonstrated in goats to be a source of fibre. The aim of the present study was to assess the effects of introducing this marine plant as a substitute for barley straw in the feed of mature ewes, assessing the effects of its addition on intake, digestibility and ruminal fermentation and on the ewes' metabolic profiles (energy and protein). PO was used at 75 g day-1 per ewe (15% of the total forage), 150 g day-1 per ewe (30% of the total forage) and 300 g day-1 per ewe (60% of the total forage). RESULTS Substitution of 15% of the forage with PO has no negative consequences on dry matter intake, final live weight and metabolic status in mature ewes; in addition, PO may improve the animal's nitrogen utilisation. The upper limit of substitution was 30%, where only few changes were noted without metabolic consequences. Substitution of 60% impaired performance and affects tissue functions in the animal's body. CONCLUSION Moderate quantities of barley straw (between 75 and 150 g day-1 per ewe) can be replaced by PO in feed rations for mature ewes. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry.
Collapse
|
39
|
Alvarez Villela M, Chinnadurai T, Salkey K, Furlani A, Yanamandala M, Luke A, Castillo C, Taveras M, Sims D, Saeed O, Shin J, Pina I, Jorde U, Patel S. High-Intensity Interval Training Improves Exercise Performance in Patients with LVAD. J Heart Lung Transplant 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2018.01.283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022] Open
|
40
|
Castillo C, Zaror S, Gonzalez M, Hidalgo A, Burgos CF, Cabezas OI, Hugues F, Jiménez SP, González-Horta E, González-Chavarría I, Gavilán J, Montesino R, Sánchez O, Lopez MG, Fuentealba J, Toledo JR. Neuroprotective effect of a new variant of Epo nonhematopoietic against oxidative stress. Redox Biol 2018; 14:285-294. [PMID: 28987867 PMCID: PMC5975214 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2017.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2017] [Revised: 09/05/2017] [Accepted: 09/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Human erythropoietin is mainly recognized for its hematopoietic function; however, by binding to its receptor (EpoR), it can activate different signaling pathways as STAT, PI3K, MAPK and RAS to increase cellular differentiation or provide neuroprotective effects, among others. A recombinant human erythropoietin variant with low glycosylation and without hematopoietic effect (EpoL) was purified from skimmed goat milk. Recombinant human erythropoietin (Epo) was obtained from CHO cell line and used as control to compare EpoL effects. Neuroprotection studies were performed in PC12 cells and rat hippocampal slices. Cells were pretreated during 1h with EpoL or Epo and exposed to oxidative agents (H2O2 or FCCP); cell viability was assayed at the end of the experiment by the MTT method. Hippocampal slices were exposed to 15min of oxygen and glucose deprivation (OGD) and the neuroprotective drugs EpoL or Epo were incubated for 2h post-OGD in re-oxygenated medium. Cell cultures stressed with oxidative agents, and pretreated with EpoL, showed neuroprotective effects of 30% at a concentration 10 times lower than that of Epo. Moreover, similar differences were observed in OGD ex vivo assays. Neuroprotection elicited by EpoL was lost when an antibody against EpoR was present, indicating that its effect is EpoR-dependent. In conclusion, our results suggest that EpoL has a more potent neuroprotective profile than Epo against oxidative stress, mediated by activation of EpoR, thus EpoL represents an important target to develop a potential biopharmaceutical to treat different central nervous system pathologies related to oxidative stress such as stroke or neurodegenerative diseases.
Collapse
|
41
|
Luke A, Castillo C, Taveras M, Chinnadurai T, Rangasamy S, Goldstein D, Jorde U, Patel S. IPADS and LVADS: VAD Coordinator Telemonitoring. J Heart Lung Transplant 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2018.01.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
|
42
|
Balcells ME, Huilcamán M, Peña C, Castillo C, Carvajal C, Scioscia N, García P. M. tuberculosis DNA detection in nasopharyngeal mucosa can precede tuberculosis development in contacts. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 2018; 20:848-52. [PMID: 27155192 DOI: 10.5588/ijtld.15.0872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The nasopharynx is a known gateway for some mycobacterial species such as Mycobacterium bovis and M. leprae. M. tuberculosis can cross lymphoepithelial barriers in vitro, but its ability to colonise the nasopharyngeal mucosa in vivo has not been established. OBJECTIVE To determine if M. tuberculosis can be transiently detected in nasopharyngeal mucosa of tuberculosis (TB) contacts as a preliminary step in the development of tuberculous infection. DESIGN Exploratory study conducted among asymptomatic household contacts of pulmonary TB cases. A chest X-ray, QuantiFERON(®) TB-Gold or tuberculin skin test and a bilateral nasopharyngeal swab for Xpert(®) MTB/RIF and mycobacterial culture were performed at baseline and repeated 8-12 weeks later. RESULTS Eighty-nine contacts were enrolled a median of 9 days after the diagnosis of the index case. At baseline, 29.9% were positive for latent tuberculous infection and one subject (1.1%) had a positive Xpert in the nasopharyngeal swab with a normal chest X-ray, negative QuantiFERON and negative induced sputum. After 12 weeks' follow-up, this subject developed a new cough and upper lobe infiltrates and M. tuberculosis grew in sputum. No other cases of active TB were detected at follow-up. CONCLUSION The detection of M. tuberculosis DNA in the nasopharyngeal mucosa of contacts is an infrequent event that in this instance preceded the development of pulmonary TB. Its pathogenic role requires further investigation.
Collapse
|
43
|
Chapel JM, Castillo C, Hernández J, Cipone M, Benedito JL. Electrocardiographic reference values for healthy Netherland Dwarf rabbits and the influence of body position, age and gender. WORLD RABBIT SCIENCE 2017. [DOI: 10.4995/wrs.2017.7424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
<p>The aim of this study was to provide reference values for a single, popular breed of pet rabbit. Moreover, additional objectives were to determine whether sex, body position or age alter Netherland Dwarf rabbit electrocardiographic variables and whether the use of electrocardiographic filters affects those variables. Forty Netherland Dwarf rabbits were examined clinically and standard six-lead electrocardiograms (ECGs) were recorded in sternal and then dorsal recumbency. At first power-line and anti-drift filters were used and then they were disabled. The following variables were measured in lead II: heart rate; P wave duration and amplitude; P-R interval; QRS duration; R wave amplitude (with and without filters); Q-T interval; T wave duration and amplitude; S-T segment; J-T duration; and mean electrical axis (MEA) (with and without filters). MEA was determined by 3 different methods. After statistical processing of the data, our results showed that there were no significant differences between both recumbencies, with the exception of the J-T duration, which was higher in dorsal recumbency. The R wave amplitude using electrocardiographic filters showed significant differences between males (0.083 mV) and females (0.115 mV; P<0.05); and between younger rabbits (0.108 mV) and older rabbits (0.097 mV; P<0.05). These differences were not shown between R waves with filters disabled. Moreover, the strongest correlation was between 2 MEA methods without filters. MEA was more leftward in the pet rabbit than in other species (dog or cats). In conclusion, electrocardiography recording without electrocardiographic filters should be assessed when it is possible, and the specific ECGs characteristics for Netherland Dwarf rabbit should be taken into account.</p>
Collapse
|
44
|
González-Chavarría I, Fernandez E, Gutierrez N, González-Horta EE, Sandoval F, Cifuentes P, Castillo C, Cerro R, Sanchez O, Toledo JR. LOX-1 activation by oxLDL triggers an epithelial mesenchymal transition and promotes tumorigenic potential in prostate cancer cells. Cancer Lett 2017; 414:34-43. [PMID: 29107109 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2017.10.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2017] [Revised: 10/20/2017] [Accepted: 10/23/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is related to an increased risk of developing prostate cancer with high malignancy stages or metastasis. Recent results demonstrated that LOX-1, a receptor associated with obesity and atherosclerosis, is overexpressed in advanced and metastatic prostate cancer. Furthermore, high levels of oxLDL, the main ligand for LOX-1, have been found in patients with advanced prostate cancer. However, the role of LOX-1 in prostate cancer has not been unraveled completely yet. Here, we show that LOX-1 is overexpressed in prostate cancer cells and its activation by oxLDL promotes an epithelial to mesenchymal transition, through of lowered expression of epithelial markers (E-cadherin and plakoglobin) and an increased expression of mesenchymal markers (vimentin, N-cadherin, snail, slug, MMP-2 and MMP-9). Consequently, LOX-1 activation by oxLDL promotes actin cytoskeleton restructuration and MMP-2 and MMP-9 activity inducing prostate cancer cell invasion and migration. Additionally, LOX-1 increased the tumorigenic potential of prostate cancer cells and its expression was necessary for tumor growth in nude mice. In conclusion, our results suggest that oxLDL/LOX-1 could be ones of mechanisms that explain why obese patients with prostate cancer have an accelerated tumor progression and a greater probability of developing metastasis.
Collapse
|
45
|
Alves-Nores V, Castillo C, Hernandez J, Abuelo A. Comparison of surrogate indices for insulin sensitivity with parameters of the intravenous glucose tolerance test in early lactation dairy cattle. Domest Anim Endocrinol 2017; 61:48-53. [PMID: 28689101 DOI: 10.1016/j.domaniend.2017.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2017] [Revised: 06/05/2017] [Accepted: 06/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the correlation between different surrogate indices and parameters of the intravenous glucose tolerance test (IVGTT) in dairy cows at the start of their lactation. Ten dairy cows underwent IVGTT on Days 3 to 7 after calving. Areas under the curve during the 90 min after infusion, peak and nadir concentrations, elimination rates, and times to reach half-maximal and basal concentrations for glucose, insulin, nonesterified fatty acids, and β-hydroxybutyrate were calculated. Surrogate indices were computed using the average of the IVGTT basal samples, and their correlation with the IVGTT parameters studied through the Spearman's rank test. No statistically significant or strong correlation coefficients (P > 0.05; |ρ| < 0.50) were observed between the insulin sensitivity measures derived from the IVGTT and any of the surrogate indices. Therefore, these results support that the assessment of insulin sensitivity in early lactation cattle cannot rely on the calculation of surrogate indices in just a blood sample, and the more laborious tests (ie, hyperinsulinemic euglycemic clamp test or IVGTT) should be employed to predict the sensitivity of the peripheral tissues to insulin accurately.
Collapse
|
46
|
Rosado-Artalejo C, Carnicero JA, Losa-Reyna J, Castillo C, Cobos-Antoranz B, Alfaro-Acha A, Rodríguez-Mañas L, García-García FJ. Global Performance of Executive Function Is Predictor of Risk of Frailty and Disability in Older Adults. J Nutr Health Aging 2017; 21:980-987. [PMID: 29083438 DOI: 10.1007/s12603-017-0895-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The executive function is a complex set of skills affected during the aging process and translate into subclinical cerebrovascular disease. Postural instability or motor slowness are some clinical manifestations, being consubstantial with the frailty phenotype, genuine expression of aging. Executive dysfunction is also considered a predictor of adverse health events in the elderly. AIM To study whether the executive dysfunction can be used as an early marker for frailty and the viability of use as a predictor of mortality, hospitalization and/or disability in a Mediterranean population. DESIGN A population-based cohort study using data from the Toledo Study for Healthy Aging (TSHA). METHODS 1690 Spanish elders aged ≥65 years underwent a neuropsychological evaluation in order to measure executive function. To assess whether the accumulation of dysfunctions (in severity and amplitude) could increase the predictive value of adverse health events in relation to each dimension separately an executive dysfunction cumulative index was constructed. Cox proportional hazards model was used to examine mortality and hospitalization over 5.02 and 3.1 years of follow-up, respectively. RESULTS Executive dysfunction is a powerful predictor of mortality, frailty and disability. Cumulative differences in executive function are associated with high risk of frailty and disability, thus, for each one point increment in the executive function index, the risk of death increased by 7 %, frailty by 13% and disability by 11% (P<0.05). Moreover, the executive impairment exhibits a strong positive tendency with age, comorbidity and mortality. CONCLUSIONS Cumulative differences in four executive dimensions widely used in clinical practice improves the ability to predict frailty and disability compared to each dimension separately.
Collapse
|
47
|
Díaz-Luján C, Triquell MF, Castillo C, Hardisson D, Kemmerling U, Fretes RE. Role of placental barrier integrity in infection by Trypanosoma cruzi. Acta Trop 2016; 164:360-368. [PMID: 27686961 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2016.09.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2016] [Revised: 09/10/2016] [Accepted: 09/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
American trypanosomiasis has long been a neglected disease endemic in LatinAmerica, but congenital transmission has now spread Chagas disease to cause a global health problem. As the early stages of the infection of placental tissue and the vertical transmission by Trypanosoma cruzi are still not well understood, it is important to investigate the relevance of the first structure of the placental barrier in chorionic villi infection by T. cruzi during the initial stage of the infection. Explants of human chorionic villi from healthy pregnant women at term were denuded of their syncytiotrophoblast and co-cultured for 3h, 24h and 96h with 800,000 trypomastigotes (simulating acute infection). T. cruzi infected cells were identified by immunohistochemistry for cytokeratin-7 (+cytotrophoblast) and CD68 (+macrophages), and the infection was quantified. In placental tissue, the parasite load was analyzed by qPCR and microscopy, and the motile trypomastigotes were quantified in culture supernatant. In denuded chorionic villous, the total area occupied by the parasite (451.23μm2, 1.33%) and parasite load (RQ: 87) was significantly higher (p<0.05) than in the entire villous (control) (5.98μm2, 0.016%) (RQ:1) and with smaller concentration of nitric oxide. Stromal non-macrophage cells were infected as well as cytotrophoblasts and some macrophages, but with significant differences being observed. The parasite quantity in the culture supernatant was significantly higher (p<0.05) in denuded culture explants from 96h of culture. Although the human complete chorionic villi limited the infection, the detachment of the first structure of the placenta barrier (syncytiotrophoblast) increased both the infection of the villous stroma and the living trypomastigotes in the culture supernatant. Therefore structural and functional alterations to chorionic villi placental barrier reduce placental defenses and may contribute to the vertical transmission of Chagas.
Collapse
|
48
|
Abuelo A, Hernandez J, Alves-Nores V, Benedito JL, Castillo C. Association of Serum Concentration of Different Trace Elements with Biomarkers of Systemic Oxidant Status in Dairy Cattle. Biol Trace Elem Res 2016; 174:319-324. [PMID: 27113768 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-016-0713-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2016] [Accepted: 04/18/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
There has been some recent criticism about the reliability of the assays commonly used to measure oxidant status in cattle, because some recent publications suggested that the concentration of different trace elements influences the results of these assays. The aim of this study was to test the correlation in 502 bovine serum samples between the concentration of several trace elements (Br, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, I, Mn, Mo, Ni, Se, Sr, V and Zn) and markers of oxidant status (reactive oxygen species (ROS) and total serum antioxidant capacity (SAC)). The Oxidative Stress index (OSi) was also calculated as ROS/SAC. Some significant correlations were found, although weak (|ρ| < 0.50). Therefore, the relationships observed might be attributed to the different pro- and antioxidant effect of the different elements rather than to the assays detecting these elements instead of the oxidised molecules or total antioxidant potential, respectively. The OSi was poorly correlated (|ρ| ≤ 0.36) with the concentration of the studied trace elements, and therefore, its use is recommended to assess shifts in the systemic redox balance.
Collapse
|
49
|
Santeularia T, Castillo C, Melo M, Català E. Peripheral blockade with elastomeric pumps. Our experience. REVISTA ESPANOLA DE ANESTESIOLOGIA Y REANIMACION 2016; 63:549-550. [PMID: 27349865 DOI: 10.1016/j.redar.2016.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2016] [Accepted: 05/24/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
|
50
|
Fernández Alonso C, Matias-Guiu J, Castillo C, Martín-Sánchez F. Analysis of emergency department consults with an on-call neurologist due to seizures. NEUROLOGÍA (ENGLISH EDITION) 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nrleng.2014.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
|