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Pedersen KE, Koldkjaer O, Berndtz NH, Hvidt S, Kjaer K, Midtskov C, Sanchez G. The diagnostic value of determination of intraerythrocytic sodium and potassium concentrations versus plasma digoxin concentration in digoxin intoxication. ACTA MEDICA SCANDINAVICA 2009; 213:357-62. [PMID: 6880858 DOI: 10.1111/j.0954-6820.1983.tb03751.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Plasma digoxin measurements have proved unserviceable as a means of differentiating between toxic and non-toxic patients. In order to assess the value of a biological effect of digoxin in this discrimination, intraerythrocytic sodium and potassium concentrations were determined in 55 chronically digitalized patients of whom 10 were digoxin-intoxicated according to ECG criteria. Digitoxicity was associated with elevated intraerythrocytic sodium concentration (mean +/- SEM 19.3 +/- 1.2 versus 11.3 +/- 0.3 mmol/l, p less than 0.001) and reduced intraerythrocytic potassium concentration (94.6 +/- 2.3 versus 100.0 +/- 0.6 mmol/l, p less than 0.001) compared to non-toxic patients. Mean (+/- SEM) plasma digoxin concentrations in the two groups were 3.14 +/- 0.41 and 1.57 +/- 0.09 nmol/l, respectively (p less than 0.001). When diagnosing toxicity in chronically digitalized patients, plasma digoxin and intraerythrocytic sodium determinations showed sensitivities of 60 and 100%, respectively. The predictive values of a positive test were 75% for plasma digoxin and 83% for intraerythrocytic sodium.
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Sanchez-Moreno J, Villagran JM, Gutierrez JR, Camacho M, Ocio S, Palao D, Querejeta I, Gascon J, Sanchez G, Vieta E. Adaptation and validation of the Spanish version of the Mood Disorder Questionnaire for the detection of bipolar disorder. Bipolar Disord 2008; 10:400-12. [PMID: 18402628 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-5618.2007.00571.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The Mood Disorder Questionnaire (MDQ) is an instrument for the detection of patients with bipolar disorder (BD). The original English version is validated in both the psychiatric and the general population, but a validated Spanish version is not yet available. Psychometric properties of the Spanish adaptation of the MDQ in psychiatry are described. METHODS The MDQ is a self-administered questionnaire comprising a list of 13 hypomanic symptoms and two questions about concurrence of symptoms and functional impairment caused by the symptoms. We selected patients from 15 psychiatric outpatient departments, diagnosed with BD type I and II (BDI and BDII) and major depression (MD) according to DSM-IV-TR criteria (concurrent validity instrument). A control group of healthy subjects (HS) was selected. The patient-selection criteria included stability of the disorder and pharmacological treatment. The MDQ was administered to 236 subjects, distributed among the four groups, on two occasions, four weeks apart. We analysed the internal consistency, test-retest reliability, and discriminative capacity of the MDQ for the detection of patients with BD. RESULTS Concurrent validity based on diagnosis according to DSM-IV-TR was 0.83. The internal consistency, evaluated by Cronbach's alpha, was 0.90. The mean (SD) number of affirmative responses by group was: 9.8 (2.4) for BDI, 8.5 (2.8) for BDII, 2.7 (2.2) for MD, and 1.02 (1.9) for HS. Statistically significant differences between all the groups were found (Kruskal-Wallis test, p < 0.001). Concurrent validity using the diagnostic variable was 0.83. Test-retest reliability was 0.92. We analysed the scale's discriminative capacity, revealing a sensitivity value of 0.60 [95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.51-0.69] and a specificity value of 0.98 (95% CI = 0.94-0.99) in the detection of BD. The positive and negative probability ratios were 35.5 and 2.4, respectively. If we consider only seven positive responses as the discriminative criterion, sensitivity increases to 0.81 (95% CI = 0.73-0.88), the specificity value is 0.95 (95% CI = 0.89-0.98) and the positive and negative probability quotients are 16 and 5.3. CONCLUSIONS The psychometric characteristics of the Spanish version are similar to those of the original version. In the Spanish adaptation of the MDQ, seven positive responses to hypomanic symptoms show a good discriminative capacity for BD in patients attending psychiatric outpatient facilities; therefore, this cut-off score is proposed for the detection of BD in psychiatric outpatients.
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Diaz A, Prado M, Roa LM, Reina-Tosina J, Sanchez G. Preliminary evaluation of a full-time falling monitor for the elderly. CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS : ... ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. ANNUAL CONFERENCE 2007; 2004:2180-3. [PMID: 17272157 DOI: 10.1109/iembs.2004.1403637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
The article presents the early outcomes of the evaluation of an intelligent accelerometer unit (IAU) utilized for detecting the falling events of elderly people . The overall design of the monitor where the IAU is integrated is briefly exposed. The outcomes of a laboratory study carried out over 8 volunteers show that the device is able to distinguish true falling events from normal activities like fast walking or going up/downstairs. The influences of the subject and the environment have been taken into account profiting from the processing capacity of the monitor distributed architecture.
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Wagoner K, Sanchez G, Nguyen AN, Enders GC, Blanco G. Different expression and activity of the alpha1 and alpha4 isoforms of the Na,K-ATPase during rat male germ cell ontogeny. Reproduction 2006; 130:627-41. [PMID: 16264093 DOI: 10.1530/rep.1.00806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Two catalytic isoforms of the Na,K-ATPase, alpha1 and alpha4, are present in testis. While alpha1 is ubiquitously expressed in tissues, alpha4 predominates in male germ cells. Each isoform has distinct enzymatic properties and appears to play specific roles. To gain insight into the relevance of the Na,K-ATPase alpha isoforms in male germ cell biology, we have studied the expression and activity of alpha1 and alpha4 during spermatogenesis and epididymal maturation. This was explored in rat testes at different ages, in isolated spermatogenic cells and in spermatozoa from the caput and caudal regions of the epididymis. Our results show that alpha1 and alpha4 undergo differential regulation during development. Whereas alpha1 exhibits only modest changes, alpha4 increases with gamete differentiation. The most drastic changes for alpha4 take place in spermatocytes at the mRNA level, and with the transition of round spermatids into spermatozoa for expression and activity of the protein. No further changes are detected during transit of spermatozoa through the epididymis. In addition, the cellular distribution of alpha4 is modified with development, being diffusely expressed at the plasma membrane and intracellular compartments of immature cells, finally to localize to the midregion of the spermatozoon flagellum. In contrast, the alpha1 isoform is evenly present along the plasma membrane of the developing and mature gametes. In conclusion, the Na,K-ATPase alpha1 and alpha4 isoforms are functional in diploid, meiotic and haploid male germ cells, alpha4 being significantly upregulated during spermatogenesis. These results support the importance of alpha4 in male gamete differentiation and function.
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Albano C, Sanchez G. Study of the mechanical, thermal, and thermodegradative properties of virgin PP with recycled and non-recycled HDPE. POLYM ENG SCI 2004. [DOI: 10.1002/pen.11536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Apt W, Arribada A, Zulantay I, Sanchez G, Vargas SL, Rodriguez J. Itraconazole or allopurinol in the treatment of chronic American trypanosomiasis: the regression and prevention of electrocardiographic abnormalities during 9 years of follow-up. ANNALS OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND PARASITOLOGY 2003; 97:23-9. [PMID: 12662419 DOI: 10.1179/000349803125002751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Several drugs are now known to have useful activity against Trypanosoma cruzi, the causative agent of human American trypanosomiasis (Chagas disease). However, the long-term effects of chemotherapy on the electrocardiographic (ECG) abnormalities associated with this disease have only been assessed for benznidiazole. In the present study, the ECG changes in 299 cases of chronic Chagas disease were followed for 9 years after treatment with itraconazole (N = 136) or allopurinol (N = 163). Among the 97 cases who were found to have ECG abnormalities immediately prior to their treatment, the two drugs appeared equally effective, such abnormalities being corrected in 23 (50%) of the 46 cardiopathy cases given itraconazole and 25 (49%) of the 51 given allopurinol (P > 0.05). Both of these 'cure rates' are much higher than the 8.1% frequency of abnormal-normal conversion observed among 198 'historical controls' (i.e. cases of chronic Chagas disease who had been left untreated; P < 0.05). Itraconazole appeared better than allopurinol at preventing the development of cardiopathy in the cases who appeared electrocardiographically normal at baseline. Among 202 such cases, only two (2.2%) of the 90 treated with itraconazole but 28 (25.0%) of the 112 given allopurinol were found to have developed ECG abnormalities during follow-up (P < 0.05). Therefore, although itraconazole and allopurinol are equally effective at reversing ECG alterations, itraconazole offers better protection against the development of new ECG abnormalities among those with chronic Chagas disease.
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Delgado JM, Marin G, Guevara R, Wasim SM, Rincon C, Sanchez G. X-ray powder diffraction study and optical characterization of the Cu(In 1−xGa x) 3Te 5semiconducting system. Acta Crystallogr A 2002. [DOI: 10.1107/s0108767302091304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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Cheli VT, Adrover MF, Blanco C, Rial Verde E, Guyot-Revol V, Vidal R, Martin E, Alché L, Sanchez G, Acerbo M, Epstein AL, Jerusalinsky D. Gene transfer of NMDAR1 subunit sequences to the rat CNS using herpes simplex virus vectors interfered with habituation. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2002; 22:303-14. [PMID: 12469872 DOI: 10.1023/a:1020720001865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
1. The aim is to study some roles of the hippocampal NMDA receptor, by modifying the expression of the essential NR1 subunit, with temporal and spatial restrictions in the central nervous system (CNS) of the rat. 2. Due to their neurotropism and the size of inserts they can accomodate, herpes simplex virus type-1 (HSV-1) derived amplicon vectors were used to transfer sequences, either in sense (+) or antisense (-) orientations, of the NR1 subunit gene, or of the green fluorescent protein (GFP) gene, into the CNS. 3. Vector expression in cell lines was followed by GFP autofluorescence, immunofluorescence and western blot. 4. The vectors were inoculated into the dorsal hippocampus of adult male Wistar rats, which were evaluated for habituation to an open field, and then, for expression of the transgenes, by autofluorescence and western blot; the expression mainly happened in pyramidal cells of CA1. 5. The animals injected with vectors carrying the NR1(+) transgene showed habituation to the new environment, as also happened with rats injected with vectors carrying only the GFP transgene. 6. In contrast, animals injected with vectors carrying NR1(-) sequence, did not show habituation. This might be retrograde amnesia or disability to record the trace, suggesting that the NR1 subunit in the dorsal hippocampus, is involved in habituation to a new environment. 7. HSV-1 derived amplicon vectors appear to be useful tools to modify endogenous gene expression, at a defined period, in restricted regions of the CNS.
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González EG, Sanchez G, Cioccia AM, Hevia P. [Absorption of fat from three dietary sources in rats with lactose induced diarrhea]. ARCHIVOS LATINOAMERICANOS DE NUTRICION 2001; 51:244-9. [PMID: 11791477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Abstract
Low energy intake is one the most important factors related to nutritional wasting during diarrheal episodes and fat is the macronutrient with the highest energy value. So we intended to seek dietary fat sources, with the highest bioavailability during diarrheal episodes. Three basal (control) and three 42.8% lactose containing diets, used to induce diarrhea, were prepared with corn oil, butterfat or lard. The assay included 48 Sprague-Dawley rats, 28 d of age, initial weights of 65.5 +/- 5.2 g, distributed in 6 groups that received the diets during 15 d. The different types of fat did not affect diet intake, weight gain or fecal losses in rats without diarrhea (control). Low weight gain was found in rats with diarrhea regardless of the type of fat consumed and was related to low diet consumption. Mean fat absorption during diarrhea was as follows: butterfat 84%, lard 87% and corn oil 91%. The latter was related to lower fecal losses and higher fat absorption during the 15 d study. Considering that the three fat sources evaluated are easily purchased and widely accepted, and that nutritional management of subjects with diarrhea includes the intake of energy dense diets, it seems that the use of corn oil in these formulations could offer greater advantages.
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Novell F, Sanchez G, Sentis J, Visa J, Novell J, Novell Costa F. Laparoscopic management of Spigelian hernia. Surg Endosc 2000; 14:1189. [PMID: 11285534 DOI: 10.1007/s004640040003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Spigelian hernia (SH) is an uncommon abdominal wall hernia. Its clinical symptoms are not characteristic, and the preoperative diagnosis is often difficult because SH can simulate the symptoms of more classical lower quadrant abdominal diseases. We report a case of SH in an 80-year-old woman that was complicated by incarceration and diagnosed by physical examination and ultrasound. At the time of presentation, she had an abdominal mass that was soft and occasionally painful, and aggravated by movements that increase intraabdominal pressure. Laparoscopic examination of the abdominal cavity identified the incarcerate jejunum ansae. The defect was a large opening in the peritoneum along the lateral margin of the rectus abdominis muscle. After dissection of the intestinal adhesions, a prosthetic polypropylene mesh was introduced and fixed with staples into the lateral abdominal wall. There were no postoperative complications. We conclude that the laparoscopic approach is a feasible alternative to the conventional open technique that is easy, safe, and allows excellent operative visualization.
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Venegas J, Salas J, Gonzalez C, Zulantay I, Diaz E, Gajardo M, Sanchez G, Solari A. Isolation and partial characterization of three DNA polymerases from Trypanosoma cruzi. Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2000; 127:11-9. [PMID: 11126746 DOI: 10.1016/s0305-0491(00)00229-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Three distinct DNA polymerase fractions (A, B and C), were isolated from Trypanosoma cruzi epimastigote forms. Fraction A is a low molecular mass enzyme corresponding to beta-like DNA polymerase of T. cruzi. Fraction B co-purified along several purification steps with fraction A, but in the last step it was clearly separated by a phosphocellulose chromatography. Fraction C was separated from fractions A and B by binding to DEAE-cellulose column, since the other two fractions were eluted in the flowthrough. This enzyme has an apparent native molecular mass of 100 kDa and showed a high preference for poly(dC)-oligo(dG) among different template-primers tested as substrate. Western-blot and biochemical analysis strongly suggest that the three DNA polymerase fractions correspond to different molecular entities. These results are in agreement with the idea that fraction C is a new DNA polymerase of T. cruzi, not described before.
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Carmona M, Alsina M, Pintó R, Sanchez G, Guix S, Pujol M. Physicochemical studies of hepatitis A virus recombinant proteins: interaction with monolayers as membrane models. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 1999. [DOI: 10.1016/s0928-4931(99)00054-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Sanchez G, Restrepo S, Duque MC, Fregene M, Bonierbale M, Verdier V. AFLP assessment of genetic variability in cassava accessions (Manihot esculenta) resistant and susceptible to the cassava bacterial blight (CBB). Genome 1999; 42:163-72. [PMID: 10231955 DOI: 10.1139/g98-124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Cassava bacterial blight (CBB) is caused by Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. manihotis (Xam). Resistance is found in Manihot esculenta and, in addition, has been introgressed from a wild relative, M. glaziovii. The resistance is thought to be polygenic and additively inherited. Ninety-three varieties of M. esculenta (Crantz) were assessed by AFLPs for genetic diversity and for resistance to CBB. AFLP analysis was performed using two primer combinations and a 79.2% level of polymorphism was found. The phenogram obtained showed between 74% and 96% genetic similarity among all cassava accessions analysed. The analysis permitted the unique identification of each individual. Two Xam strains were used for resistance screening. Variation in the reaction of cassava varieties to Xam strains was observed for all plant accessions. The correlation of resistance to both strains, had a coefficient of 0.53, suggesting the independence of resistance to each strain. Multiple correspondence analysis showed a random distribution of the resistance/susceptibility response with respect to overall genetic diversity as measured by AFLP analysis. A total heterozygosity index was calculated to determine the diversity within clusters as well as among them. Our results demonstrate that resistance to CBB is broadly distributed in cassava germplasm and that AFLP analysis is an effective and efficient means of providing quantitative estimates of genetic similarities among cassava accessions.
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Albano C, Sanchez G, Ismayel A, Hernández P. Recovery of Plastic Low-Density Polyethylene/High-Density Polyethylene (LDPE/HDPE) Wastes. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF POLYMER ANALYSIS AND CHARACTERIZATION 1999. [DOI: 10.1080/10236669908014178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Brito Z, Torrealba V, Sanchez G, Hernández L. Kinetic Data and Mechanisms in Diglycidylether Bisphenol A/ Ethylenediamine with Mono-and Bimetallic Fillers from Digitized Thermogravimetric Analysis. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF POLYMER ANALYSIS AND CHARACTERIZATION 1999. [DOI: 10.1080/10236669908014179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Freyburger G, Andras M, Sanchez G, Hall CM, Rosén S. Response to activated protein C upon storage of whole blood and plasma. Thromb Res 1999; 93:89-95. [PMID: 9950262 DOI: 10.1016/s0049-3848(98)00168-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Chenine AL, Matouskova E, Sanchez G, Reischig J, Pavlikova L, LeContel C, Chermann JC, Hirsch I. Primary intestinal epithelial cells can be infected with laboratory-adapted strain HIV type 1 NDK but not with clinical primary isolates. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses 1998; 14:1235-8. [PMID: 9764906 DOI: 10.1089/aid.1998.14.1235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Infectivities of HIV-1 primary isolates and laboratory-adapted strains were compared in primary fetal enterocytes and the colonic epithelial cell line HT29. Infection by two laboratory strains, HIV-1 NDK and HIV-1 NDK(A4), which were adapted on CEM and HT29 cells, respectively, produced significant amounts of virus in both target cell systems. Intestinal cells were resistant to infection with HIV-1 primary isolates regardless of their genetic subtype or SI/NSI phenotype. Biological properties of analyzed viruses rather than differences in cultivation system seem to be responsible for differences between these in vitro and ex vivo results.
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Solari A, Wallace A, Ortiz S, Venegas J, Sanchez G. Biological characterization of Trypanosoma cruzi stocks from Chilean insect vectors. Exp Parasitol 1998; 89:312-22. [PMID: 9676709 DOI: 10.1006/expr.1998.4289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Fifty-seven Trypanosoma cruzi stocks isolated from Triatoma infestans and Triatoma spinolai of the five different geographic endemic areas of Chile were studied by schizodeme and molecular karyotype analysis. Four different genotypes are found in the sylvatic T. spinolai vector and five in the T. infestans domiciliary vector. Of these genotypes, two common genotypes overlap on both transmission cycles exclusively in the extreme northern endemic areas of Chile. Metacyclic trypomastigotes obtained in vitro or cell-derived trypomastigotes proved to be infective in gamma-irradiated Balb/c mice for the study of the immune response and biological behavior. Of a total of 57 T. cruzi stocks obtained, 19 of them, representing all the different genotypes found in Chile, were tested on a murine experimental model and then fully studied. Female compared with male animals demonstrated greater resistance to Chagas disease with all the T. cruzi stocks tested. The immune response was assessed by lytic antibodies that were studied by the in vitro antibody-dependent complement-mediated lytic assay with the use of bloodstream trypomastigotes as target cells. In one unique parasite genotype the elicited lytic antibodies reacted in a genotype-specific manner, in contrast with lytic antibodies generated by other T. cruzi genotypes. Parasitemias were high, moderate, and low, with mortality ranges of 6-50%, 0-45%, and 0-10%, respectively. No association was found between specific infective genotypes and virulence or mortality. Independently of the T. cruzi strain studied, each population displayed a characteristic parasitemia curve and prepatent period. A considerable number of the parasite stocks proved to be mixed populations, according to molecular karyotype patterns obtained before and after differentiation and amplification of the parasites. This fact created difficulty in assessing the identity of the genotype really infective to mice.
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Zulantay I, Venegas J, Apt W, Solari A, Sanchez G. Lytic antibodies in Trypanosoma cruzi-infected persons with low parasitemia. Am J Trop Med Hyg 1998; 58:775-9. [PMID: 9660462 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.1998.58.775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
An antibody-dependent, complement-mediated lysis test performed with three Chilean trypomastigote strains used as target cells revealed strain dependence in the detection of lytic antibodies in chronic chagasic sera. The highest percentage of lytic sera was observed when MF or V115 strains were used as target cells (90% and 71%, respectively) in the chronic chagasic group with negative xenodiagnosis results. No significant statistical association was observed between lytic activity in chronic chagasic sera and the presence or absence of cardiopathy (P > 0.01). Western blot analysis showed that lytic sera recognize different antigens depending on the strain used and nonlytic sera had a weaker capacity to detect them.
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Sanchez G, Gautheret D, Xu X, Chenine AL, Hirsch I. Relative amplification efficiency of differently sized templates by long-distance PCR. Biotechniques 1998; 24:400-2. [PMID: 9526648 DOI: 10.2144/98243bm14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
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Motles E, Infante C, Sanchez G, Gonzalez M. Study of the behavioral effects of bilateral nucleus accumbens lesions on amphetamine and apomorphine in adult cats. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 1998; 59:619-26. [PMID: 9512063 DOI: 10.1016/s0091-3057(97)00437-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the present work was to study the effects of three different types of bilateral lesions performed on the nucleus accumbens, upon the behaviors elicited in adult cats by parenteral administration of amphetamine and apomorphine, and to obtain an understanding of the functional role played by the cited structure. To this end, 10 cats received bilateral injections of 6-OHDA, 18 microg in each accumbens; 8 cats received a similar treatment with ibotenic acid (20 microg), and 11 cats were submitted to bilateral electrolytic damage. Before and after performing these lesions, in separate sessions, amphetamine (2.5 mg/kg SC) and apomorphine (2.0 mg/kg SC) were administered and their respective behaviors were compared. Besides, in a group of 10 cats, 6 of them were bilaterally injected with the above cited dose of 6-OHDA into the accumbens to determine dopamine concentration and the other four served as control. In three cats, ibotenic acid (20 microg) was unilaterally injected into the accumbens for histological analysis. The contralateral structure served as control. Finally, four cats were sham operated. The results obtained show that the accumbens in cats participates in locomotion, in stereotyped motor behaviors, and in emotional fear-like behavior. Its role in the production of motor behaviors apparently is not as important as has been reported in rodents.
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Sandiford P, Cassel J, Sanchez G, Coldham C. Does intelligence account for the link between maternal literacy and child survival? Soc Sci Med 1997; 45:1231-9. [PMID: 9381236 DOI: 10.1016/s0277-9536(97)00042-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The strong and consistent correlation between maternal education and child health is now well known, and numerous studies have shown that wealth and income cannot explain the link. Policy-makers have therefore assumed that the relationship is causal and explicitly advocate schooling as a child health intervention. However, there are other factors which could account for the apparent effect of maternal education on child morbidity and mortality, one of which is intelligence. This paper examines the effect of maternal intelligence on child health and looks at the degree to which it can explain the literacy associations with child survival and risk of malnutrition. The data are from a retrospective cohort study of 1294 mothers and their 7475 offspring, of whom 454 were women who had learned to read and write as adults in Nicaragua's literacy programme, 457 were illiterate, and 383 had become literate as young girls attending school. The women's intelligence was tested using Raven's Coloured Progressive Matrices. Acquisition of literacy was strongly related to intelligence. Statistically significant associations with maternal literacy were found for under five mortality, infant mortality, and the risk of low mid-upper-arm circumference (MUAC) for age, before and after controlling for a wide range of socio-economic factors. Under five, child (one to four years), infant and post-neonatal mortality plus the risk of low height for age were significantly correlated with intelligence, but only with infant and under mortality rates did the association remain significant after controlling for socio-economic factors. A significant interaction between intelligence and literacy for under five mortality was due to literacy having a strong effect in the women of low intelligence, and a negligible effect among those of high intelligence. This study provides evidence that intelligence is an important determinant of child health among the illiterate, and that education may have the greatest impact on child health for mothers of relatively low intelligence.
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Sanchez G, Xu X, Chermann JC, Hirsch I. Accumulation of defective viral genomes in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of human immunodeficiency virus type 1-infected individuals. J Virol 1997; 71:2233-40. [PMID: 9032358 PMCID: PMC191331 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.71.3.2233-2240.1997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) genomes present in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of infected persons or in lymphocytes infected in vitro were studied by long-distance PCR (LD-PCR) using primers localized in the HIV-1 long terminal repeats. The full-length 9-kb DNA was the only LD-PCR product obtained in peripheral and cord blood lymphocytes from seronegative donors infected in vitro. However, a high proportion (27% to 66%) of distinct populations of extensively deleted HIV-1 genomes of variable size was detected in PBMCs of 15 of 16 HIV-1-infected persons. Physical mapping of defective genomes showed that the frequency of deletions is proportional to their proximity to the central part of HIV-1 genome, which is consistent with a deletion mechanism involving a single polymerase jump during reverse transcription. Sequencing of deletion junctions revealed the presence of short direct repeats of three or four nucleotides. The number of defective HIV-1 genomes decreased after in vitro activation of PBMCs. Persistence of full-length and deleted genomes in in vitro activated PBMCs correlated with isolation of an infectious virus. Our results represent the first quantitative assessment of intragenomic rearrangements in HIV-1 genomes in PBMCs of infected persons and demonstrate that, in contrast to in vitro infection, defective genomes accumulate in PBMCs of infected persons.
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Klett R, Fink D, Müller M, Omichi H, Hosoi F, Hnatowicz V, Vacik J, Sanchez G. Corrosion effects of nuclear tracks in polymers. RADIAT MEAS 1997. [DOI: 10.1016/s1350-4487(97)00038-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Guizar JM, Kornhauser C, Malacara JM, Sanchez G, Zamora J. Renal tubular acidosis in children with vesicoureteral reflux. J Urol 1996; 156:193-5. [PMID: 8648800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE We evaluated renal tubular acidosis in children with primary vesicoureteral reflux. MATERIALS AND METHODS We studied 18 children 4 to 15 years old to determine age at onset, reflux intensity, and renal scars and volume as possible associated factors of renal tubular acidosis. Patients had normal glomerular filtration rates and no urinary infections for the last 12 weeks, and they had not undergone urological surgery. Urine acidification and alkalization tests were done, and the Mann-Whitney U test was used to assess differences between the groups with and without renal tubular acidosis. RESULTS A total of 14 patients had unilateral and 4 had bilateral reflux, which varied in severity. All children except 2 had renal scarring. Bilateral renal volume was smaller in the renal tubular acidosis group. Nine patients had distal renal tubular acidosis, including 4 with short stature. CONCLUSIONS Several patients with vesicoureteral reflux had renal tubular acidosis and some had growth failure. Grades of reflux and renal scarring were similar in patients with and without renal tubular acidosis. A single evaluation of reflux is of slight value for predicting future functional tubular impairment, and the duration of reflux and other associated factors may be more important. Renal tubular acidosis was the main explanation for growth failure in these patients.
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