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Keiten-Schmitz J, Wagner K, Piller T, Kaulich M, Alberti S, Müller S. The Nuclear SUMO-Targeted Ubiquitin Quality Control Network Regulates the Dynamics of Cytoplasmic Stress Granules. Mol Cell 2020; 79:54-67.e7. [PMID: 32521226 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2020.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2019] [Revised: 03/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Exposure of cells to heat or oxidative stress causes misfolding of proteins. To avoid toxic protein aggregation, cells have evolved nuclear and cytosolic protein quality control (PQC) systems. In response to proteotoxic stress, cells also limit protein synthesis by triggering transient storage of mRNAs and RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) in cytosolic stress granules (SGs). We demonstrate that the SUMO-targeted ubiquitin ligase (StUbL) pathway, which is part of the nuclear proteostasis network, regulates SG dynamics. We provide evidence that inactivation of SUMO deconjugases under proteotoxic stress initiates SUMO-primed, RNF4-dependent ubiquitylation of RBPs that typically condense into SGs. Impairment of SUMO-primed ubiquitylation drastically delays SG resolution upon stress release. Importantly, the StUbL system regulates compartmentalization of an amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)-associated FUS mutant in SGs. We propose that the StUbL system functions as surveillance pathway for aggregation-prone RBPs in the nucleus, thereby linking the nuclear and cytosolic axis of proteotoxic stress response.
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Metternich B, Spanhel K, Schoendube A, Ofer I, Geiger MJ, Schulze-Bonhage A, Mast H, Wagner K. Flashbulb memory recall in healthy adults - a functional magnetic resonance imaging study. Memory 2020; 28:461-472. [PMID: 32290772 DOI: 10.1080/09658211.2020.1733022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The present study investigated neural activations related to flashbulb memory (FM) recall and examined whether the amygdala and hippocampus are involved in FM recall. 20 healthy adults completed a block design with an FM-condition, where the reception events for a number of potential FM events had to be recalled, and a control condition (FMC) comprising reception events lacking FM characteristics. A definition naming task was used as an implicit baseline. The individual emotional reaction to the FM events (EMO) and self-rated retrieval success were included in the SPM model as modulating parameters. The main contrast of interest were FM > FMC and activations associated with EMO. ROI-analyses on mesiotemporal regions were performed. FM > FMC yielded activations in line with the autobiographical memory network, with mostly left sided-activations. EMO was associated with a more bilateral activation pattern. ROI-analysis revealed activations for EMO in the right amygdala and HATA. FM > FMC was associated with right hippocampal activations. The present findings are compatible with previous research into autobiographical memory, but also show activations for FM recall different from ordinary, not highly emotional autobiographical memories, as EMO is associated with a more bilateral network. Moreover, the amygdala seems to be involved in FM recall.
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Daly A, Hitchens D, Wagner K. Productivity, Machinery and Skills in a Sample of British and German Manufacturing Plants. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020. [DOI: 10.1177/002795018511100105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
On the basis of interviews with management and factory floor employees at 45 matched firms in Britain and West Germany, this article examines the roles of machinery and workforce skills in explaining comparative produc tivity performance. The average age of British machinery was not very different from that found in German plants, but it was less technically advanced, was subject to more frequent breakdowns and breakdowns took longer to correct. Productivity was higher in Germany in each of our matched product groups and the importance of skills at all levels was apparent.
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Zotz G, Kappert N, Müller LLB, Wagner K. Temperature dependence of germination and growth in Anthurium (Araceae). PLANT BIOLOGY (STUTTGART, GERMANY) 2020; 22:184-190. [PMID: 31652363 DOI: 10.1111/plb.13063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Accepted: 10/16/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
By the year 2100, temperatures are predicted to increase by about 6 °C at higher latitudes and about 3 °C in the tropics. In spite of the smaller increase in the tropics, consequences may be more severe because the climatic niches of tropical species are generally assumed to be rather narrow due to a high degree of climate stability and higher niche specialisation. However, rigorous data to back up this notion are rare. We chose the megadiverse genus Anthurium (Araceae) for study. Considering that the regeneration niche of a species is crucial for overall niche breadth, we focused on the response of germination and early growth through a temperature range of 24 °C of 15 Anthurium species, and compared the thermal niche breadth (TNB) with the temperature conditions in their current range, modelled from occurrence records. Surprisingly, an increase of 3 °C would lead to a larger overlap of TNB of germination and modelled in situ temperature conditions, while the overlap of TNB of growth with in situ conditions under current and future conditions is statistically indistinguishable. We conclude that future temperatures tend to be closer to the thermal optima of most species. Whether this really leads to an increase in performance depends on other abiotic and biotic factors, most prominently potentially changing precipitation patterns.
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Katona L, Hartwich K, Tomioka R, Somogyi J, Roberts JDB, Wagner K, Joshi A, Klausberger T, Rockland KS, Somogyi P. Synaptic organisation and behaviour-dependent activity of mGluR8a-innervated GABAergic trilaminar cells projecting from the hippocampus to the subiculum. Brain Struct Funct 2020; 225:705-734. [PMID: 32016558 PMCID: PMC7046583 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-020-02029-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Accepted: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
In the hippocampal CA1 area, the GABAergic trilaminar cells have their axon distributed locally in three layers and also innervate the subiculum. Trilaminar cells have a high level of somato-dendritic muscarinic M2 acetylcholine receptor, lack somatostatin expression and their presynaptic inputs are enriched in mGluR8a. But the origin of their inputs and their behaviour-dependent activity remain to be characterised. Here we demonstrate that (1) GABAergic neurons with the molecular features of trilaminar cells are present in CA1 and CA3 in both rats and mice. (2) Trilaminar cells receive mGluR8a-enriched GABAergic inputs, e.g. from the medial septum, which are probably susceptible to hetero-synaptic modulation of neurotransmitter release by group III mGluRs. (3) An electron microscopic analysis identifies trilaminar cell output synapses with specialised postsynaptic densities and a strong bias towards interneurons as targets, including parvalbumin-expressing cells in the CA1 area. (4) Recordings in freely moving rats revealed the network state-dependent segregation of trilaminar cell activity, with reduced firing during movement, but substantial increase in activity with prolonged burst firing (> 200 Hz) during slow wave sleep. We predict that the behaviour-dependent temporal dynamics of trilaminar cell firing are regulated by their specialised inhibitory inputs. Trilaminar cells might support glutamatergic principal cells by disinhibition and mediate the binding of neuronal assemblies between the hippocampus and the subiculum via the transient inhibition of local interneurons.
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Wolf-Brandstetter C, Beutner R, Hess R, Bierbaum S, Wagner K, Scharnweber D, Gbureck U, Moseke C. Multifunctional calcium phosphate based coatings on titanium implants with integrated trace elements. Biomed Mater 2020; 15:025006. [DOI: 10.1088/1748-605x/ab5d7b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Thalmann A, Wagner K, Tomassen M, Driessen J, de Jong J, Antalick J, Biancotto G, Cowles J, Felgueiras I, Haustraete K, Johannsen F, Muhonen; R, Nunes da Costa J, Pløger A, Shearan P, van der Kamp H, van Schalm K, Wagner K. Liquid Chromatographic Method to Determine Narasin in Feedingstuffs and Premixtures: Development, Validation, and Interlaboratory Study. J AOAC Int 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/jaoac/87.6.1278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
A reversed-phase liquid chromatography (LC) method for narasin in feedingstuffs and premixtures was developed, validated, and interlaboratory studied. The extraction solvent was methanol–K2HPO4 solution (9 + 1, v/v). Narasin was detected at 600 nm after post-column derivatization with dimethylamino-benzaldehyde. Recovery was >90%. The repeatability (RSDr) in feed (20–140 mg/kg) ranged between 1.2 and 10.5%; the within-laboratory reproducibility (RSDR) ranged between 2.2 and 4.9%. The limit of determination was <20 mg/kg. Other feed additives did not interfere in the assay. The method showed ruggedness against changes in the composition of extraction solvent, eluent, and conditions for post-column reactions. In an interlaboratory study, 5 broiler feeds (4 positive, 1 blank) and 1 premixture were analyzed by 13 laboratories. The RSDr of the feedingstuffs (20–120 mg/kg) varied between 2.17 and 7.57%. The HORRAT ranged between 0.77 and 0.88, with recoveries between 82 and 104%. One laboratory detected small signals in the blank sample, calculated as 0.6 and 2.8 mg/kg. For the premixture, acceptable results for reproducibility could only be obtained after modification of the method: the RSDr was 4.42% and the HORRAT was 1.56 (12 laboratories).
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Träber N, Uhlmann K, Girardo S, Kesavan G, Wagner K, Friedrichs J, Goswami R, Bai K, Brand M, Werner C, Balzani D, Guck J. Polyacrylamide Bead Sensors for in vivo Quantification of Cell-Scale Stress in Zebrafish Development. Sci Rep 2019; 9:17031. [PMID: 31745109 PMCID: PMC6864055 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-53425-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2019] [Accepted: 10/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Mechanical stress exerted and experienced by cells during tissue morphogenesis and organ formation plays an important role in embryonic development. While techniques to quantify mechanical stresses in vitro are available, few methods exist for studying stresses in living organisms. Here, we describe and characterize cell-like polyacrylamide (PAAm) bead sensors with well-defined elastic properties and size for in vivo quantification of cell-scale stresses. The beads were injected into developing zebrafish embryos and their deformations were computationally analyzed to delineate spatio-temporal local acting stresses. With this computational analysis-based cell-scale stress sensing (COMPAX) we are able to detect pulsatile pressure propagation in the developing neural rod potentially originating from polarized midline cell divisions and continuous tissue flow. COMPAX is expected to provide novel spatio-temporal insight into developmental processes at the local tissue level and to facilitate quantitative investigation and a better understanding of morphogenetic processes.
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Wagner K, Kunz K, Piller T, Tascher G, Hölper S, Stehmeier P, Keiten-Schmitz J, Schick M, Keller U, Müller S. The SUMO Isopeptidase SENP6 Functions as a Rheostat of Chromatin Residency in Genome Maintenance and Chromosome Dynamics. Cell Rep 2019; 29:480-494.e5. [PMID: 31597105 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.08.106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2019] [Revised: 07/21/2019] [Accepted: 08/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Signaling by the ubiquitin-related SUMO pathway relies on coordinated conjugation and deconjugation events. SUMO-specific deconjugating enzymes counterbalance SUMOylation, but comprehensive insight into their substrate specificity and regulation is missing. By characterizing SENP6, we define an N-terminal multi-SIM domain as a critical determinant in targeting SENP6 to SUMO chains. Proteomic profiling reveals a network of SENP6 functions at the crossroads of chromatin organization and DNA damage response (DDR). SENP6 acts as a SUMO eraser at telomeric and centromeric chromatin domains and determines the SUMOylation status and chromatin association of the cohesin complex. Importantly, SENP6 is part of the hPSO4/PRP19 complex that drives ATR-Chk1 activation. SENP6 deficiency impairs chromatin association of the ATR cofactor ATRIP, thereby compromising the activation of Chk1 signaling in response to aphidicolin-induced replicative stress and sensitizing cells to DNA damage. We propose a general role of SENP6 in orchestrating chromatin dynamics and genome stability networks by balancing chromatin residency of protein complexes.
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Wagner K, Cripe L, Eagle M, Muntoni F, Niks E, Phan H, Straub V, Hu X, Antonijevic I, Berry S, Quintana M, Lake S, Panzara M. EP.83Design of a Phase 2/3 randomized controlled trial of suvodirsen (WVE-210201) in patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy amenable to exon 51 skipping. Neuromuscul Disord 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nmd.2019.06.489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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LoRusso S, Johnson N, McDermott M, Eichinger K, Butterfield R, Higgs K, Lewis L, Mul K, Van Engelen B, Sacconi S, Sansone V, Carraro E, Shieh P, Wagner K, Wang L, Statland J, Tawil R, the ReSolve Investigators. P.46Clinical trial readiness to solve barriers to drug development in FSHD (ReSolve): protocol of a large, multi-center prospective study. Neuromuscul Disord 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nmd.2019.06.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Thangarajh M, Kaat A, Hardy K, Wagner K. P.279Pragmatic cognitive and psychosocial health monitoring in clinical practice in Duchenne muscular dystrophy. Neuromuscul Disord 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nmd.2019.06.393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Wagner K, Szabo A, Zheng C, Okunseri E, Okunseri C. Billed and Paid Amounts for Preventive Procedures in Dental Medicaid. JDR Clin Trans Res 2019; 4:371-377. [PMID: 31013459 PMCID: PMC6749792 DOI: 10.1177/2380084419842533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine trends and variations in billed and paid amounts for preventive dental procedures by race/ethnicity, age, and sex in Wisconsin dental Medicaid. METHODS We analyzed data from the 2001 to 2013 Wisconsin Medicaid claims database for preventive dental procedures for children and adults. Billed and paid amounts for preventive dental procedures were aggregated over a visit and adjusted for inflation based on the Medical Care Consumer Price Index produced by the Bureau of Labor Statistics for 2013. Quantile regression was used to examine the trends over time and the effect of patient demographics. RESULT At the 50th and 75th percentiles, the overall billed amounts for preventive dental procedures were $84.97 and $105.53, and the paid amounts were $35.80 and $41.66, respectively. At the 75th percentile, there was a $2.24 increase per year in the billed amount and a $26.88 overall increase from 2001 to 2013. In the paid amount, there was a $1.34 decrease per year for an overall $16.07 decrease from 2001 to 2013. Billed and paid claims for racial/ethnic minority enrollees were $1 to $3 higher per visit at the 75th percentile when compared with those of Whites. Regarding the billed:paid ratio, White, African American, and Hispanic enrollees had values of 50% to 52%, whereas American Indians had the lowest value at 47.7%. At the 75th percentile, children aged 10 to 19 y had significantly higher billed ($26.73) and paid ($9.92) amounts than did adults aged 20 to 69 y. CONCLUSION The billed amount increased over time, and the paid amount decreased after adjustment for inflation. In addition, there was a wide gap between billed and paid amounts over time. KNOWLEDGE TRANSFER STATEMENT This study highlights clear differences between paid and billed amounts in Wisconsin dental Medicaid. The financial health of dental practices is dependent on appropriate reimbursement for dental services provided; thus, information of this nature could serve as a proxy performance measure for access to preventive dental care. Findings from this study could be used by policy makers and dental Medicaid program managers to develop outcome metrics to improve access to preventive dental services.
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Morales JC, Mustill AJ, Ribas I, Davies MB, Reiners A, Bauer FF, Kossakowski D, Herrero E, Rodríguez E, López-González MJ, Rodríguez-López C, Béjar VJS, González-Cuesta L, Luque R, Pallé E, Perger M, Baroch D, Johansen A, Klahr H, Mordasini C, Anglada-Escudé G, Caballero JA, Cortés-Contreras M, Dreizler S, Lafarga M, Nagel E, Passegger VM, Reffert S, Rosich A, Schweitzer A, Tal-Or L, Trifonov T, Zechmeister M, Quirrenbach A, Amado PJ, Guenther EW, Hagen HJ, Henning T, Jeffers SV, Kaminski A, Kürster M, Montes D, Seifert W, Abellán FJ, Abril M, Aceituno J, Aceituno FJ, Alonso-Floriano FJ, Ammler-von Eiff M, Antona R, Arroyo-Torres B, Azzaro M, Barrado D, Becerril-Jarque S, Benítez D, Berdiñas ZM, Bergond G, Brinkmöller M, Del Burgo C, Burn R, Calvo-Ortega R, Cano J, Cárdenas MC, Guillén CC, Carro J, Casal E, Casanova V, Casasayas-Barris N, Chaturvedi P, Cifuentes C, Claret A, Colomé J, Czesla S, Díez-Alonso E, Dorda R, Emsenhuber A, Fernández M, Fernández-Martín A, Ferro IM, Fuhrmeister B, Galadí-Enríquez D, Cava IG, Vargas MLG, Garcia-Piquer A, Gesa L, González-Álvarez E, Hernández JIG, González-Peinado R, Guàrdia J, Guijarro A, de Guindos E, Hatzes AP, Hauschildt PH, Hedrosa RP, Hermelo I, Arabi RH, Otero FH, Hintz D, Holgado G, Huber A, Huke P, Johnson EN, de Juan E, Kehr M, Kemmer J, Kim M, Klüter J, Klutsch A, Labarga F, Labiche N, Lalitha S, Lampón M, Lara LM, Launhardt R, Lázaro FJ, Lizon JL, Llamas M, Lodieu N, López Del Fresno M, Salas JFL, López-Santiago J, Madinabeitia HM, Mall U, Mancini L, Mandel H, Marfil E, Molina JAM, Martín EL, Martín-Fernández P, Martín-Ruiz S, Martínez-Rodríguez H, Marvin CJ, Mirabet E, Moya A, Naranjo V, Nelson RP, Nortmann L, Nowak G, Ofir A, Pascual J, Pavlov A, Pedraz S, Medialdea DP, Pérez-Calpena A, Perryman MAC, Rabaza O, Ballesta AR, Rebolo R, Redondo P, Rix HW, Rodler F, Trinidad AR, Sabotta S, Sadegi S, Salz M, Sánchez-Blanco E, Carrasco MAS, Sánchez-López A, Sanz-Forcada J, Sarkis P, Sarmiento LF, Schäfer S, Schlecker M, Schmitt JHMM, Schöfer P, Solano E, Sota A, Stahl O, Stock S, Stuber T, Stürmer J, Suárez JC, Tabernero HM, Tulloch SM, Veredas G, Vico-Linares JI, Vilardell F, Wagner K, Winkler J, Wolthoff V, Yan F, Osorio MRZ. A giant exoplanet orbiting a very-low-mass star challenges planet formation models. Science 2019; 365:1441-1445. [PMID: 31604272 DOI: 10.1126/science.aax3198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2019] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Surveys have shown that super-Earth and Neptune-mass exoplanets are more frequent than gas giants around low-mass stars, as predicted by the core accretion theory of planet formation. We report the discovery of a giant planet around the very-low-mass star GJ 3512, as determined by optical and near-infrared radial-velocity observations. The planet has a minimum mass of 0.46 Jupiter masses, very high for such a small host star, and an eccentric 204-day orbit. Dynamical models show that the high eccentricity is most likely due to planet-planet interactions. We use simulations to demonstrate that the GJ 3512 planetary system challenges generally accepted formation theories, and that it puts constraints on the planet accretion and migration rates. Disk instabilities may be more efficient in forming planets than previously thought.
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Benezeder T, Painsi C, Wagner K, Lange-Asschenfeldt B, Wolf P. 1007 Dithranol-treated psoriasis lesions show unique early changes in gene expression profile. J Invest Dermatol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2019.03.1083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Wagner K, Springer B, Pires V, Keller P. High-throughput screening of bacterial pathogens in clinical specimens using 16S rDNA qPCR and fragment analysis. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 2019; 93:287-292. [DOI: 10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2018.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2018] [Revised: 11/09/2018] [Accepted: 11/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Schultheiss K, Verba R, Wehrmann F, Wagner K, Körber L, Hula T, Hache T, Kákay A, Awad AA, Tiberkevich V, Slavin AN, Fassbender J, Schultheiss H. Excitation of Whispering Gallery Magnons in a Magnetic Vortex. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2019; 122:097202. [PMID: 30932517 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.122.097202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
We present the generation of whispering gallery magnons with unprecedented high wave vectors via nonlinear 3-magnon scattering in a μm-sized magnetic Ni_{81}Fe_{19} disc which is in the vortex state. These modes exhibit a strong localization at the perimeter of the disc and practically zero amplitude in an extended area around the vortex core. They originate from the splitting of the fundamental radial magnon modes, which can be resonantly excited in a vortex texture by an out-of-plane microwave field. We shed light on the basics of this nonlinear scattering mechanism from an experimental and theoretical point of view. Using Brillouin light scattering microscopy, we investigated the frequency and power dependence of the 3-magnon splitting. The spatially resolved mode profiles give evidence for the localization at the boundaries of the disc and allow for a direct determination of the modes wave number.
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Sinn BV, Loibl S, Karn T, Untch M, Kunze CA, Weber KE, Treue D, Wagner K, Hanusch CA, Klauschen F, Fasching PA, Huober J, Zahm DM, Jackisch C, Thomalla J, Blohmer JU, van Mackelenbergh M, Rhiem K, Felder B, von Minckwitz G, Burchardi N, Schneeweiss A, Denkert C. Abstract PD5-05: Pre-therapeutic PD-L1 expression and dynamics of Ki-67 and gene expression during neoadjuvant immune-checkpoint blockade and chemotherapy to predict response within the GeparNuevo trial. Cancer Res 2019. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.sabcs18-pd5-05] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background
In the GeparNuevo trial, the PD-L1 inhibitor durvalumab increased the rate of pathologic complete response (pCR; ypT0 ypN0) in triple-negative breast cancer if treatment started in a two-week window before neoadjuvant taxane/anthracycline chemotherapy (61 % pCR vs. 41%; p = 0.048; Loibl et al. ASCO 2018). Overall, pCR rates increased only numerically from 53 % to 44 % (p = 0.281). Herein, we aimed to evaluate the predictive value of PD-L1 immunohistochemistry in pre-therapeutic core biopsies. In addition, we identified dynamics in gene expression using repeated biopsies.
Patients and Methods
174 patients were randomized to receive durvalumab or placebo with neoadjuvant chemotherapy. In the window part, 117 patients received a single dose of durvalumab (or placebo) before chemotherapy. Core biopsies were taken at three times: pre-treatment (“A”; N=174), after the window part (“B”; N=88) and after 12 weeks of nab-Paclitaxel (“C”; N=33). PD-L1 immunohistochemistry in A-biopsies (Ventana SP263 Assay) was recorded as percentage of cells with membranous staining in tumor cells and lymphocytes (TILs). We defined a tumor as PD-L1 high if ≥ 25 % of either compartment was stained. Ki-67 was stained on all available A, B and C biopsies (MIB-1, Dako, 1:100) and recorded as the percentage of tumor cells with nuclear staining. We profiled all available biopsies with targeted RNASeq using the HTG EdgeSeq platform (Oncology Biomarker panel, 2560 genes). Sequencing (IonTorrent S5) was successful in 162 A-, 79 B- and 31 C-biopsies.
Results
PD-L1 expression was high in 24 % of A-biopsies and was predictive for pCR in the complete cohort (OR 2.561; 1.183-5.554; p = 0.017). PD-L1 status of the TILs, but not of the tumor cells, was predictive (OR 1.313; 1.040-1.656; P= 0.022). The effect was not specific for durvalumab treatment. Higher levels of Ki-67 were predictive for pCR in B- biopsies in all patients (OR 1.399; 1.053-1.858; P =0.021) and in the placebo arm, but not in the durvalumab arm. Ki-67 levels in C-biopsies were not predictive; neither was the change in Ki-67 between pre-treatment and later time points (B vs. A or C vs. A).
In a differential mRNA expression analysis (A vs. B), we found seven differentially expressed genes after one dose of durvalumab. We observed strong effects on gene expression after taxane treatment (A vs. C), but no significant difference according to treatment. These genes were associated with biological processes involved in therapy response. The pre-treatment levels of 12 of 69 markedly differentially expressed genes were associated with worse response to chemotherapy.
Conclusion
In A-biopsies, PD-L1 in TILs was predictive for response, and in B-biopsies, Ki-67 was predictive, but neither marker could specifically predict response to durvalumab. We observed limited effects of a single half-dose of durvalumab on global gene expression, but could identify substantial differential expression after taxane treatment. The evaluation of gene expression dynamic offers a promising approach for the identification of resistance-associated markers.
The study was financially supported by AstraZeneca and Celgene
Citation Format: Sinn BV, Loibl S, Karn T, Untch M, Kunze CA, Weber KE, Treue D, Wagner K, Hanusch CA, Klauschen F, Fasching PA, Huober J, Zahm D-M, Jackisch C, Thomalla J, Blohmer J-U, van Mackelenbergh M, Rhiem K, Felder B, von Minckwitz G, Burchardi N, Schneeweiss A, Denkert C. Pre-therapeutic PD-L1 expression and dynamics of Ki-67 and gene expression during neoadjuvant immune-checkpoint blockade and chemotherapy to predict response within the GeparNuevo trial [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2018 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2018 Dec 4-8; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(4 Suppl):Abstract nr PD5-05.
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Schiffer M, Carls E, Wagner K, Engelbrecht B, Duerr D, Welz A, de la JM, Pfeifer A, Fleischmann K, Roell W. Transplantation of Cx43 Expressing Fibroblasts: An Option for Postinfarct Arrhythmia Prevention? Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2019. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0039-1678988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Francavilla R, Villette V, Luo X, Chamberland S, Muñoz-Pino E, Camiré O, Wagner K, Kis V, Somogyi P, Topolnik L. Connectivity and network state-dependent recruitment of long-range VIP-GABAergic neurons in the mouse hippocampus. Nat Commun 2018; 9:5043. [PMID: 30487571 PMCID: PMC6261953 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-07162-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2018] [Accepted: 10/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
GABAergic interneurons in the hippocampus provide for local and long-distance coordination of neurons in functionally connected areas. Vasoactive intestinal peptide-expressing (VIP+) interneurons occupy a distinct niche in circuitry as many of them specialize in innervating GABAergic cells, thus providing network disinhibition. In the CA1 hippocampus, VIP+ interneuron-selective cells target local interneurons. Here, we discover a type of VIP+ neuron whose axon innervates CA1 and also projects to the subiculum (VIP-LRPs). VIP-LRPs show specific molecular properties and target interneurons within the CA1 area but both interneurons and pyramidal cells within subiculum. They are interconnected through gap junctions but demonstrate sparse spike coupling in vitro. In awake mice, VIP-LRPs decrease their activity during theta-run epochs and are more active during quiet wakefulness but not coupled to sharp-wave ripples. Together, the data provide evidence for VIP interneuron molecular diversity and functional specialization in controlling cell ensembles along the hippocampo-subicular axis.
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Wagner K, Imkamp F, Pires VP, Keller PM. Evaluation of Lightmix Mycoplasma macrolide assay for detection of macrolide-resistant Mycoplasma pneumoniae in pneumonia patients. Clin Microbiol Infect 2018; 25:383.e5-383.e7. [PMID: 30391582 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmi.2018.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2018] [Revised: 10/08/2018] [Accepted: 10/12/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Rapid detection of macrolide resistance-associated mutations in Mycoplasma pneumoniae is crucial for effective antimicrobial treatment. We evaluated the Lightmix Mycoplasma macrolide assay for the detection of point mutations at nucleotide positions 2063 and 2064 in the 23S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gene of M. pneumoniae that confer macrolide resistance. METHODS Samples from 3438 patients with a respiratory tract infection were analysed by M. pneumoniae real-time PCR, and 208 (6%) of them were tested positive. In this retrospective study, 163 M. pneumoniae real-time PCR-positive samples were analysed by the Lightmix assay, and results were compared to targeted 23S rRNA sequencing. RESULTS Macrolide-resistant M. pneumoniae were found in 15 (9%) of 163 retrospectively analysed samples. The Lightmix assay showed a sensitivity of 100% (95% confidence interval, 78.2-100) and a specificity of 100% (95% confidence interval, 97.5-100) as the detected M. pneumoniae genotype (148 wild type and 15 non-wild type) was confirmed by 23S rRNA sequencing in all samples. CONCLUSIONS The Lightmix assay is an easy-to-use and accurate molecular test that allows rapid determination of macrolide resistance in M. pneumoniae.
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Promislow S, Rizk H, Wagner K, Hindieh W, Messika-Zeitoun D, Beauchesne L, Burwash I. COMPARISON OF INFERIOR VENA CAVA ASSESSMENT BY 2-DIMENSIONAL AND M-MODE ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY FOR THE EVALUATION OF RIGHT ATRIAL PRESSURE. Can J Cardiol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cjca.2018.07.110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
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Wagner K, Wong B, Byrne B, Sweeney H, Jacobsen L, Tirucherai G, Rabbia M, Dukart J, Kletz H, Krishnan M, Bechtold C. DMD CLINICAL THERAPIES I. Neuromuscul Disord 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nmd.2018.06.151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Girardo S, Träber N, Wagner K, Cojoc G, Herold C, Goswami R, Schlüßler R, Abuhattum S, Taubenberger A, Reichel F, Mokbel D, Herbig M, Schürmann M, Müller P, Heida T, Jacobi A, Ulbricht E, Thiele J, Werner C, Guck J. Standardized microgel beads as elastic cell mechanical probes. J Mater Chem B 2018; 6:6245-6261. [PMID: 32254615 DOI: 10.1039/c8tb01421c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Cell mechanical measurements are gaining increasing interest in biological and biomedical studies. However, there are no standardized calibration particles available that permit the cross-comparison of different measurement techniques operating at different stresses and time-scales. Here we present the rational design, production, and comprehensive characterization of poly-acrylamide (PAAm) microgel beads mimicking size and overall mechanics of biological cells. We produced mono-disperse beads at rates of 20-60 kHz by means of a microfluidic droplet generator, where the pre-gel composition was adjusted to tune the beads' elasticity in the range of cell and tissue relevant mechanical properties. We verified bead homogeneity by optical diffraction tomography and Brillouin microscopy. Consistent elastic behavior of microgel beads at different shear rates was confirmed by AFM-enabled nanoindentation and real-time deformability cytometry (RT-DC). The remaining inherent variability in elastic modulus was rationalized using polymer theory and effectively reduced by sorting based on forward-scattering using conventional flow cytometry. Our results show that PAAm microgel beads can be standardized as mechanical probes, to serve not only for validation and calibration of cell mechanical measurements, but also as cell-scale stress sensors.
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Gärtner A, Wagner K, Hölper S, Kunz K, Rodriguez MS, Müller S. Acetylation of SUMO2 at lysine 11 favors the formation of non-canonical SUMO chains. EMBO Rep 2018; 19:embr.201846117. [PMID: 30201799 DOI: 10.15252/embr.201846117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2018] [Revised: 08/16/2018] [Accepted: 08/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Post-translational modifications by ubiquitin-related SUMO modifiers regulate cellular signaling networks and protein homeostasis. While SUMO1 is mainly conjugated to proteins as a monomer, SUMO2/3 can form polymeric chains. Poly-SUMOylation is best understood in the SUMO-targeted ubiquitin ligase (StUbL) pathway, where chains prime proteins for subsequent ubiquitylation by StUbLs. SUMO chains typically form in response to genotoxic or proteotoxic stress and are preferentially linked via lysine 11 of SUMO2/3. Here, we report that K11 of SUMO2/3 undergoes reversible acetylation with SIRT1 being the K11 deacetylase. In a purified in vitro system, acetylation of SUMO2/3 impairs chain formation and restricts chain length. In a cellular context, however, K11 acetyl-mimicking SUMO2 does not affect the StUbL pathway, indicating that in cells non-canonical chains are more prevalent. MS-based SUMO proteomics indeed identified non-canonical chain types under basal and stress conditions. Importantly, mimicking K11 acetylation alters chain architecture by favoring K5- and K35-linked chains, while inhibiting K7 and K21 linkages. These data provide insight into SUMO chain signaling and point to a role of K11 acetylation as a modulator of SUMO2/3 chains.
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