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Hamilton LD, Nagy J, Robinson CV. Response to "genetic effects of the atomic bombs: a reappraisal". HEALTH PHYSICS 1983; 44:435-437. [PMID: 6841109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
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Bond VP, Hamilton LD. Leukemia in the Nevada 'Smoky' bomb test. JAMA 1980; 244:1610. [PMID: 7420667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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Morris SC, Moskowitz PD, Sevian WA, Silberstein S, Hamilton LD. Coal Conversion Technologies: Some Health and Environmental Effects. Science 1979; 206:654-62. [PMID: 17796919 DOI: 10.1126/science.206.4419.654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Several technologies to convert coal to liquid and gaseous fuels are being developed in the United States, some with support from the Department of Energy. Substitution of these technologies for those currently being used will produce different health and environmental hazards. In this article, selected health and environmental effects of four coal conversion and four existing technologies are compared. For each technology, the emission estimates for complete fuel cycles, including all steps in fuel use from extraction to the end use of space and water heating by electricity or direct combustion, were prepared by means of the Brookhaven Energy System Network Simulator model. Quantitative occupational health and safety estimates are presented for the extraction, transportation, distribution, processing, and conversion activities associated with each technology; also included are some public health damage estimates arising from fuel transportation and air pollution impacts. Qualitative estimates of health damage due to polycyclic organic matter and reduced sulfur are discussed. In general, energy inefficiencies, environmental residuals, and hence implied environmental effects and health damage increase in the order: (i) direct combustion of natural gas and oil, (ii) direct combustion of synthetic gas and oil, (iii) central-station electric power produced from synthetic gas, (iv) central-station electric power produced from coal, and (v) central-station electric power produced by the combustion of synthetic liquid fuels. The compliance and conflict of these technologies with the amendments of the Clean Air Act and other legislation are discussed.
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Bozzo SR, Novak KM, Galdos F, Hakoopian R, Hamilton LD. Mortality, migration, income and air pollution: a comparative study. SOCIAL SCIENCE & MEDICINE. MEDICAL GEOGRAPHY 1979; 13 D:95-109. [PMID: 494014 DOI: 10.1016/0160-8002(79)90056-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Ho TL, Ho HC, Hamilton LD. Biochemical significance of the hard and soft acids and bases principle. Chem Biol Interact 1978; 23:65-84. [PMID: 359185 DOI: 10.1016/0009-2797(78)90042-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The hard and soft acids and bases (HSAB) principle, which states that hard acids bind preferentially to hard bases and soft acids to soft bases, may serve to assess specific chemico-biological interactions. As living systems are composed mainly of "hard" elements, molecular events taking place within the cell are dominated by "hard-hard interactions". On this premise, it becomes likely that extraneous "soft" agents are particularly injurious to life. In the HSAB context a selected number of variegated phenomena are briefly discussed qualitatively; these include biocidal actions, heavy metal poisoning, chemical carcinogenesis, some enzymic reactions, and nucleic acid complexations. Although the HSAB principle cannot be used as a tool for mechanistic explanations of biochemical processes, it may provide clues to likely target molecules and the loci of action.
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31
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Hamilton LD, Mahler I, Grossman L. Enzymatic repair of UV-irradiated DNA in vitro. BASIC LIFE SCIENCES 1975; 5A:235-43. [PMID: 811206 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4684-2895-7_31] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Excision repair of UV-damaged Bacillus subtilis transforming DNA has been carried out by a sequential enzyme system in vitro. Incision adjacent to the pyrimidine dimer in the DNA strand by correndonuclease II-initiated excision of the damage by the 5' in equilibrium 3'-directed exonuclease of the Micrococcus luteus DNA polymerase. Reinsertion of nucleotides into the gap in the strand by the DNA polymerase at 10 degrees C terminated in a single-strand break which was sealed by a polynucleotide ligase, thereby repairing the DNA strand. This restored biological activity to damaged DNA up to doses resulting in 60% inactivation of transforming activity. At higher doses, less repair was achieved, due to the development of double-strand breaks during the in vitro incision and excision steps.
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Kim CW, Jamuar MP, Hamilton LD. Trichinella spiralis: effect of synthetic double-stranded polyribonucleotides. Exp Parasitol 1974; 35:92-101. [PMID: 4815021 DOI: 10.1016/0014-4894(74)90011-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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Teng CT, Chen MC, Hamilton LD. Poly(inosinic acid)-poly(cytidylic acid) inhibition of DNA synthesis in synchronized HeLa cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1973; 70:3904-8. [PMID: 4521216 PMCID: PMC427354 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.70.12.3904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Inhibition by double-stranded polyribonucleotides of DNA synthesis in synchronized HeLa cultures is dose- and time-dependent. Inhibition by poly(I.C) primarily affected late G(1) and early S phases of the cell cycle. Single-stranded polynucleotides, native calf-thymus DNA, and yeast RNA had no effect. Radioautography showed that after 2-hr exposure the synthetic polyribonucleotides were predominantly inside the nucleus. The results extend the spectrum of action of double-stranded RNA.
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McVicar JW, Richmond JY, Campbell CH, Hamilton LD. Observations of cattle, goats and pigs after administration of synthetic interferon inducers and subsequent exposure to foot and mouth disease virus. CANADIAN JOURNAL OF COMPARATIVE MEDICINE : REVUE CANADIENNE DE MEDECINE COMPAREE 1973; 37:362-8. [PMID: 4356316 PMCID: PMC1319793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Polyriboinosinic-polyribocytidylic acid (poly [rI.rC]) was administered intravenously to 11 cattle and 13 goats in doses of 0.25 to 4.0, and 1.0 to 5.0 mg/kg, respectively. Subsequent exposure of these and untreated control animals to foot and mouth disease virus (FMDV) failed to demonstrate any differences in either the course or severity of the disease. Serum interferon was detected in cattle one hour after the intravenous administration of poly (rI.rC). Six pigs given 4, 20, or 100 mg/kg of itaconic-acrylic acid copolymer (IAA, HMW) intraperitoneally reacted clinically the same as six untreated control pigs after contact exposure to FMDV. Three pigs given 50, 100, or 200 mg/kg of divinyl ether-maleic anhydride copolymer (DVE/MA, pyran) intraperitoneally similarly failed to show any difference in clinical reaction from three untreated control pigs after intranasal instillation of FMDV. Three pigs given 100, 200 or 400 mg/kg of DVE/MA intraperitoneally developed rapid diffuse peritonitis causing the death of one in 48 hours.
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Steck AJ, Hamilton LD. L-dopa-induced modification of DNA, RNA and protein synthesis. PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY FOR EXPERIMENTAL BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE. SOCIETY FOR EXPERIMENTAL BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 1972; 140:172-5. [PMID: 5033089 DOI: 10.3181/00379727-140-36419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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Morahan PS, Munson AE, Regelson W, Commerford SL, Hamilton LD. Antiviral activity and side effects of polyriboinosinic-cytidylic acid complexes as affected by molecular size. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1972; 69:842-6. [PMID: 4337241 PMCID: PMC426577 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.69.4.842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The decrease of the molecular size of poly(I.C) to less than 10(6) decreases its ability to induce interferon, protect mice against virus, or enhance the immune response. Immune adjuvant activity appeared more sensitive to molecular weight than the other protective activities. The composition of the complex-the molecular size of the individual homopolymers when one was large and the other small-did not affect antiviral activity; the activity of a complex made from large poly(I) and small poly(C) was similar to one made from small poly(I) and large poly(C). Molecular size of the complex did not profoundly alter the side effects of poly(I.C). At 2 mg/kg, none of the complexes markedly altered phagocytic function. Only the largest complex sensitized the mouse to endotoxin. However, all of the complexes studied profoundly inhibited drug metabolism by the liver microsomal enzymes between 24 and 72 hr after their inoculation. Decreasing the molecular weight did not alter this inhibition.
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Pigram WJ, Fuller W, Hamilton LD. Stereochemistry of intercalation: interaction of daunomycin with DNA. NATURE: NEW BIOLOGY 1972; 235:17-9. [PMID: 4502404 DOI: 10.1038/newbio235017a0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 187] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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40
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Kim CW, Jamuar MP, Hamilton LD. Transformation of lymphocytes from animals sensitized to Trichinella spiralis. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 1971; 107:1382-9. [PMID: 4256095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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41
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Zedeck MS, Marquardt H, Sternberg SS, Fleisher M, Hamilton LD. Role of adrenal cortical function in toxicity of polyriboinosinic-polyribocytidylic acid and its component homopolymers. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1970; 67:180-4. [PMID: 5272311 PMCID: PMC283185 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.67.1.180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Adrenalectomized rats are 1000 times more sensitive to lethal effects of the double-stranded complex polyriboinosinic.polyribocytidylic acid than intact rats. They are protected from such lethal effects by corticosterone. The complex can rapidly induce diffuse, severe necrosis of villous epithelium in small intestine without damage in crypts. Injection of the individual homopolymers, polyriboinosinic acid and polyribocytidylic acid, separately but in rapid succession is at least as lethal as injection of the complex.
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Kim CW, Jamuar MP, Hamilton LD. Delayed hypersensitivity to Trichinella spiralis. 3. Effect of repeated sensitizations in donors and recipients. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 1970; 105:175-86. [PMID: 4246565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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43
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Wilkins MH, Arnott S, Marvin DA, Hamilton LD. Some misconceptions on Fourier analysis and Watson-Crick base pairing. Science 1970; 167:1693-4. [PMID: 5416527 DOI: 10.1126/science.167.3926.1693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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Abstract
The X-ray diffraction patterns of DNA do not support a four-stranded helical structure.
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Hamilton LD, Babcock VI, Southam CM. Inhibition of herpes simplex virus by synthetic double-stranded RNA (polyriboadenylic and polyribouridylic acids and polyriboinosinic and polyribocytidylic acids). Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1969; 64:878-83. [PMID: 4313333 PMCID: PMC223316 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.64.3.878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Two-stranded polyriboadenylic and polyribouridylic acids and polyriboinosinic and polyribocytidylic acids protect against herpes simplex virus-induced cytopathogenicity in HEp 2 cultures, systemic herpes simplex virus infection in mice, and herpes simplex virus-induced keratoconjunctivitis in rabbits.
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Richmond JY, Hamilton LD. Foot-and-mouth disease virus inhibition induced in mice by synthetic double-stranded RNA (polyriboinosinic and polyribocytidylic acids). Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1969; 64:81-6. [PMID: 4312754 PMCID: PMC286129 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.64.1.81] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Synthetic 2-stranded RNA-a helical complex formed by duplexing homopolymers of polyriboinosinic and polyribocytidylic acids (poly I:C)-induced host resistance to foot-and-mouth disease virus when microgram quantities were injected into mice. There was a graded response as shown by titrations of polynucleotide complex or virus. Protection was effective for >48 hours after a single injection of polynucleotide complex. Survival and serum interferon titers were directly related.
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Savel H, Kim CW, Hamilton LD. Synthesis of radioactive Trichinella spiralis larval antigen in vitro. Exp Parasitol 1969; 24:171-5. [PMID: 5777440 DOI: 10.1016/0014-4894(69)90154-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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48
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Hamilton LD. A nurse's aide program for youthful dropouts. Am J Nurs 1969; 69:518-20. [PMID: 5189794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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49
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50
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Jamuar MP, Kim CW, Hamilton LD. Fine structure of lymphocytes sensitized to Trichinella spiralis antigen. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 1968; 100:329-37. [PMID: 5639701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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