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Sennett M, Welsh E, Wright JB, Li WZ, Wen JG, Ren ZF. Dispersion and Alignment of Carbon Nanotubes in Polycarbonate. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1557/proc-706-z3.31.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
AbstractDispersion and alignment of carbon nanotubes in thermoplastic polymers such as polycarbonate have been studied. Dispersion was accomplished by mixing in a conical twin-screw extruder and alignment was carried out using a fiber spinning apparatus. The effects of mixing time and fiber draw ratios on dispersion and alignment were investigated. Uniform dispersions were produced with relatively short residence times in the extruder. Excellent alignment of carbon nanotubes in nanocomposite filaments was obtained when the fiber draw ratio was greater than 7. The ability to closely control the dispersion and alignment of carbon nanotubes in polymers is expected to lead to the development of nanocomposites with desirable electronic and structural properties.
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He P, Lian J, Shi D, Wang L, Ooij WV, Mast D, Li WZ, Ren ZF. Plasma Coating and Enhanced Dispersion of Carbon Nanotubes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1557/proc-791-q10.7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACTUltrathin polymer films have been deposited on both multi-wall and aligned carbon nanotubes using a plasma polymerization treatment. TEM experimental results showed that a thin film of polystyrene layer (several nanometers) was uniformly deposited on the surfaces of the nanotubes including inner wall surfaces of the multi-wall nanotubes. The coated multi-wall nanotubes were mixed in polymer solutions for studying the effects of plasma coating on dispersion. It was found that the dispersion of multi-wall carbon nanotubes in polystyrene composite was significantly improved. The deposition mechanisms and the effects of plasma treatment parameters are discussed.
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Ren XF, Li WZ, Meng FY, Lin CF. Differential effects of propofol and isoflurane on the activation of T-helper cells in lung cancer patients. Anaesthesia 2010; 65:478-82. [PMID: 20337621 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2044.2010.06304.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
It is suggested that activation and differentiation of T-helper cells are required for peri-operative anti-tumor and anti-infection immunity. The present study aimed to evaluate whether propofol stimulates the activation and differentiation of these cells in patients undergoing pulmonary lobectomy for non-small-cell lung cancer. Thirty patients were randomly allocated to receive propofol or isoflurane throughout surgery. The CD4(+)CD28(+) percentage (p < 0.0001) and the ratio of interferon-gamma:interleukin-4 (p = 0.001) all increased with propofol but showed no change with isoflurane. In contrast, cortisol increased with isoflurane (p < 0.0001) but not with propofol over time (p = 0.06). We conclude that propofol promotes activation and differentiation of peripheral T-helper cells.
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Kumari L, Li WZ. Synthesis, structure and optical properties of zinc oxide hexagonal microprisms. CRYSTAL RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/crat.200900600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Cheng ML, Zhao SM, Li WZ, Zhang X, Ge CR, Duan G, Gao SZ. Anti-adipocyte scFv-Fc Antibody Suppresses Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue Development and Affects Lipid Metabolism in Minipigs. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2009; 162:687-97. [DOI: 10.1007/s12010-009-8832-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2009] [Accepted: 10/25/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Kumari L, Li WZ, Kulkarni S, Wu KH, Chen W, Wang C, Vannoy CH, Leblanc RM. Effect of Surfactants on the Structure and Morphology of Magnesium Borate Hydroxide Nanowhiskers Synthesized by Hydrothermal Route. NANOSCALE RESEARCH LETTERS 2009; 5:149-157. [PMID: 20652148 PMCID: PMC2894163 DOI: 10.1007/s11671-009-9457-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2009] [Accepted: 09/26/2009] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Magnesium borate hydroxide (MBH) nanowhiskers were synthesized using a one step hydrothermal process with different surfactants. The effect surfactants have on the structure and morphology of the MBH nanowhiskers has been investigated. The X-ray diffraction profile confirms that the as-synthesized material is of single phase, monoclinic MgBO(2)(OH). The variations in the size and shape of the different MBH nanowhiskers have been discussed based on the surface morphology analysis. The annealing of MBH nanowhiskers at 500 degrees C for 4 h has significant effect on the crystal structure and surface morphology. The UV-vis absorption spectra of the MBH nanowhiskers synthesized with and without surfactants show enhanced absorption in the low-wavelength region, and their optical band gaps were estimated from the optical band edge plots. The photoluminescence spectra of the MBH nanowhiskers produced with and without surfactants show broad emission band with the peak maximum at around 400 nm, which confirms the dominant contribution from the surface defect states.
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Zhao SM, Wan QH, Cheng ML, Huang Y, Li WZ, Zhang YY, Gao SZ. Effect of monoclonal antibody on expression of lipid metabolism related genes in porcine adipocytes. Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2009; 154:449-54. [PMID: 19755170 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2009.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2009] [Revised: 09/07/2009] [Accepted: 09/08/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
In order to study the mechanism of monoclonal antibody (McAb) against a porcine 40-kDa adipocyte-specific plasma membrane protein in reducing fat deposition, porcine primary adipocytes were treated with the McAb during the process of adipocyte differentiation; its effect on expression of lipid metabolism related genes was investigated. Adipocytes were treated with 1-methyl-3-isobutylmethylxanthine (IDX) plus 10 microg/mL of the McAb or without McAb. The mRNA levels of adipocyte differentiation related genes (PPARgamma and C/EBPalpha), lipid metabolism related genes (FAS, HSL, CPT-1B, DGAT and A-FABP) and adiponectin gene (AdipoQ) were determined using real-time quantitative PCR. The results showed that the differentiated adipocyte number and triglyceride (TG) content in adipocytes treated with the McAb were lower than that in cells without McAb during the whole process of adipocyte differentiation. The McAb significantly reduced mRNA expression of PPARgamma, C/EBPalpha, FAS, DGAT, A-FABP and adiponectin genes, but increased mRNA expression of HSL and CPT-1B genes during the medium and latter stage of adipocyte differentiation. This suggested that the McAb decreased triglycerol accumulation in adipocyte by both inhibiting adipocyte differentiation and regulating lipid metabolism, especially at the medium and latter stage of porcine adipocyte differentiation.
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Kumari L, Li WZ, Vannoy CH, Leblanc RM, Wang DZ. Vertically aligned and interconnected nickel oxide nanowalls fabricated by hydrothermal route. CRYSTAL RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/crat.200800583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Jin ZM, Ma LL, Wei WX, Lin CS, Li WZ. Molecular and crystal structure of an ethanol solvate of 6-O-Methylerythromycin A. J STRUCT CHEM+ 2009. [DOI: 10.1007/s10947-009-0027-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Abstract
The effect of a catalyst on the growth and structure of carbon nanotube Y-junctions (CNTYs) using chemical vapor deposition has been investigated. Cobalt-, magnesium-, and calcium-nitrates are utilized as precursors of catalysts Co, Mg, Ca, Co/Mg, Co/Ca, and Mg/Ca for CNTY synthesis. Experimental result shows that Co/Mg or Co/Ca can grow CNTYs with straight branches while Co, Mg, Ca, and Mg/Ca will not grow any CNTYs, indicating that only combinations of Co with Mg or Ca will facilitate the formation of CNTYs. In addition, the effect of the carbon source on the formation of CNTYs has also been studied. It is found that thiophene (C4H4S) can promote the formation of CNTYs, while other sources such as methane (CH4) and acetylene (C2H2) cannot. The result shows that both the catalyst and the carbon source substantially affect the formation of CNTYs.
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Qian JG, Li WZ, Zhang GC, Yan LB. Is delayed micro-graft hair transplantation possible?--evaluation of viabilities of hair follicles preserved in two storage media. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005; 58:38-41. [PMID: 15629165 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjps.2004.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2003] [Accepted: 05/24/2004] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Preservation of hair grafts for the purpose of delayed transplantation would allow use of thousands of hair grafts at one time. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the viabilities of hair follicle units preserved in DMEM and Ringer's solution at 0 degrees C for various periods. METHODS Cell cultures and transplantation of hair follicle units into athymic mice were used. RESULTS Outer root sheath cells could be cultivated in 95.8% of those follicles preserved in Ringer's solution, and in 86.7% of those preserved in DMEM culture medium (p < 0.01). In 84.5% of those preserved in Ringer's and 72.5% of those preserved in DMEM for 24 h, hair follicles grew well after implantation into an athymic mouse model (p < 0.05).
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Qian JG, Yan LB, Li WZ, Zhang GC. Posterior tibialis transfer for foot-drop due to leprosy: a case with 40 years follow up. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004; 57:450-2. [PMID: 15191827 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjps.2004.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2003] [Accepted: 01/27/2004] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
A 56-year-old male was transferred to our centre because of a relapse of leprosy neuritis in the hands. We found that the patient had received a posterior tibialis tendon transfer for correction of his left dropped foot 40 years previously. On examination active dorsiflexion of the left ankle joint was close to 0 degrees with grade 4 power of dorsiflexion, and the plantar flexion was about 35 degrees. Walking gait was almost normal. There were some scars on the plantar surface of the left metatarsal area; but with the continuous use of a soft dressing pad under the middle part of the sole, plantar ulceration has been avoided for many years even with active daily activities of the patient. The patient is very satisfied with the operative results.
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Liu H, Li XZ, Leng YJ, Li WZ. An Alternative Approach to Ascertain the Rate-Determining Steps of TiO2 Photoelectrocatalytic Reaction by Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy. J Phys Chem B 2003. [DOI: 10.1021/jp034113r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Liu H, Ma HT, Li XZ, Li WZ, Wu M, Bao XH. The enhancement of TiO2 photocatalytic activity by hydrogen thermal treatment. CHEMOSPHERE 2003; 50:39-46. [PMID: 12656227 DOI: 10.1016/s0045-6535(02)00486-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
In this study, conventional TiO2 powder was heated in hydrogen (H2) gas at a high temperature as pretreatment. The photoactivity of the treated TiO2 samples was evaluated in the photodegradation of sulfosalicylic acid (SSA) in aqueous suspension. The experimental results demonstrated that the photodegradation rates of SSA were significantly enhanced by using the H2-treated TiO2 catalysts and an optimum temperature for the H2 treatment was found to be of 500-600 degrees C. The in situ electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) signal intensity of oxygen vacancies (OV) and trivalent titanium (Ti3+) associated with the photocatalytic activity was studied. The results proved the presence of OV and Ti3+ in the lattice of the H2-treated TiO2 and indicated that both were contributed to the enhancement of photocatalytic activity. Moreover, the experimental results presented that the EPR signal intensity of OV and Ti3+ in the H2-treated TiO2 samples after 10 months storage was still significant higher than that in the untreated TiO2 catalyst. The experiment also demonstrated that the significant enhancement occurred in the photodegradation of phenol using the H2-treated TiO2.
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Li WZ, Xue ZG, Wang G. [Screening of mouse connexin 31 genomic clone and mapping by fluorescence in situ hybridization]. HUNAN YI KE DA XUE XUE BAO = HUNAN YIKE DAXUE XUEBAO = BULLETIN OF HUNAN MEDICAL UNIVERSITY 2001; 26:499-501. [PMID: 12536520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/28/2023]
Abstract
Connexin 31(Cx31) is one of the human genetic deafness disease genes. To determine the structure and function of Cx31 gene of mouse, the mouse Cx31 gene clone was screened from the genomic library with the probe obtained according to the sequence of the mouse Cx31 gene cDNA. Cx31 gene was mapped to the center of mouse chromosome 4 by fluorescence in situ hybridization. The present study lays a foundation for researches on structure and function of Cx31 gene, as well as establishment of the relative transgenic mice and gene knockout mice.
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Sun B, Li WZ, Yue Y, Jiang CW, Xiao LY. [An experimental study of the computer-controlled equipment for delivering volatile anesthetic agent]. ZHONGGUO YI LIAO QI XIE ZA ZHI = CHINESE JOURNAL OF MEDICAL INSTRUMENTATION 2001; 25:328-341. [PMID: 12583263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Our newly-designed computer-controlled equipment for delivering volatile anesthetic agent uses the subminiature singlechip processor as the central controlling unit. The variables, such as anesthesia method, anesthetic agent, the volume of respiratory loop, age of patient, sex, height, weight, environment temperature and the grade of ASA are all input from the keyboard. The anesthetic dosage, calculated by the singlechip processor, is converted into the signals controlling the pump to accurately deliver anesthetic agent into respiratory loop. We have designed an electrocircuit for the equipment to detect the status of the pump's operation, so we can assure of the safety and the stability of the equipment. The output precision of the equipment, with a good anti-jamming capability, is 1-2% for high flow anesthesia and 1-5% for closed-circuit anesthesia and its self-detecting working is reliable.
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Chen XS, Li WZ, Jiang C, Zhu CB, Ye GY. Studies on mode of detection of leprosy in China during the years 1981-1998. LEPROSY REV 2001; 72:302-10. [PMID: 11715276 DOI: 10.5935/0305-7518.20010037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Along with the nationwide economic reform initiated in the early 1980s and the rapid decrease of leprosy endemic after the implementation of multi-drug therapy (MDT), the leprosy programme changed from 'vertical' to 'horizontal'. An evolution in the mode of detection of leprosy cases has consequently taken place. Based on the nationwide registration of newly detected cases, the profile of patients at detection has been studied. The proportions of cases corrected significantly with calendar years in detection by dermatological clinics, contact checks, 'clue survey' and mass survey, showing a significant increase in percentage of cases detected through dermatological clinics and contact checks, and decreases through 'clue survey' and mass survey. Detection of cases through dermatological clinics and voluntary reporting have become the main modes of case-finding during 1997-1998, accounting for 37.3% and 28.6%, respectively, where contact check accounts for only 9.1%. In areas with good dermatological services, a significantly higher proportion (75.9%) of cases was detected through dermatological clinics, where voluntary reporting and 'clue survey' were the main modes of detection in endemic areas. As regards confirmation of diagnosis, the great majority of cases were confirmed by leprosy units, even though they were detected in various other situations. Only 6.5% of leprosy cases were detected and subsequently confirmed by doctors in dermatologic clinics. The present modes of detection and their relation to demographical, epidemiological, clinical factors and health services are discussed. This study emphasizes the cardinal importance of the dermatological clinics in the detection of leprosy cases in China at the present time and hence the need to strengthen the training of doctors in these clinics, while continuously encourage their involvement in leprosy control.
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Wang Y, Tan W, Li WZ, Li Y. A facile synthetic approach to prenylated flavanones: first total syntheses of (+/-)-bonannione A and (+/-)-sophoraflavanone A. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2001; 64:196-199. [PMID: 11429999 DOI: 10.1021/np0001124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
A facile and efficient approach for the syntheses of both C-8 and C-6 prenylated flavonoids has been developed that features a highly regioselective prenylation of 2,4,6-trihydroxyacetophenone and regioselective cyclization of prenylated polyhydroxy chalcones. Thus, the first efficient total syntheses of (+/-)-sophoraflavanone A (1) and (+/-)-bonannione A (2), two naturally occurring geranylated flavanones with antibacterial activities, have been achieved starting from the key intermediate 3 via regioselective cyclization of geranylated tetrahydroxychalcone 4.
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Li Y, Yang J, Li WZ, Hou L, Xue J, Li Y. Studies on flavans. 1. Facile synthesis of (+/-)-7-hydroxy-3',4'-methylenedioxyflavan and (+/-)-4'-hydroxy-7-methoxyflavan by a BF3.Et2O-mediated pyran cyclization. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2001; 64:214-216. [PMID: 11430003 DOI: 10.1021/np0001171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
A facile approach for the synthesis of flavans was developed by employing a BF3.Et2O-catalyzed pyran cyclization in an aprotic polar solvent as a key step, by which concise total syntheses of (+/-)-7-hydroxy-3',4'-methylenedioxyflavan (1) and (+/-)-4'-hydroxy-7-methoxyflavan (2), two naturally occurring flavans, were achieved.
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Chen XS, Li WZ, Jiang C, Ye GY. Leprosy in China: epidemiological trends between 1949 and 1998. Bull World Health Organ 2001; 79:306-12. [PMID: 11357209 PMCID: PMC2566398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/16/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To report the epidemiological trends of leprosy in China from 1949 to 1998. METHOD Data for the study were obtained from the computerized database of the National System of Leprosy Surveillance. FINDINGS A total of 474,774 leprosy patients were detected during this 50-year period. Case detection rates per 100,000 population were highest in the 1950s and 1960s, with peaks appearing in 1957-58, 1963-66, 1969-70, and 1983-84, corresponding to mass surveys or screening surveys carried out in most areas or selected areas of the country. While the duration of the disease at the time of detection fell over the period, the disability rates, which were > 50% in the early 1950s, have decreased gradually to 20.8% by 1997-98 but are still too high. More than 50% of cases were found through active methods in the periods 1955-58, 1965-66, and 1969-76, but in recent years cases are mostly detected through dermatological clinics or by voluntary reporting. The peak prevalences of the 1960s (i.e. > 2 per 10,000 population) decreased annually from the 1970s onwards. By the end of 1998 the prevalence was 0.05 per 10,000 population. CONCLUSIONS This study shows that leprosy was well controlled in China and that the WHO goal of elimination of leprosy as a public health problem has been achieved at the national and subnational levels. However, leprosy is still unevenly distributed in the country. According to the criterion for leprosy elimination in China--defined as a prevalence of < 1 per 100,000 in county or city--there are still more than 10% of counties or cities where this target has not yet been reached. Special attention must therefore be given to achieve elimination and final eradication of leprosy in China.
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Abstract
Leprosy in children forms an important link in the natural evolution and the epidemic profile of the disease. The study was undertaken on 1208 child cases detected during the years 1986-1997 in China. The number of child cases constituted 3-4 per cent of the total during this period although the incidence rates decreased dramatically. The detection rate significantly increased with age, and the average rate of 0.027 per 100,000 population was much lower than that in adults. In the pediatric cases, children in the younger age group had a higher prevalence of solitary lesions and lower prevalence of reactions and disabilities than the older group. A total of 70.01 per cent of the affected cases were infected by intra-familial contact, 35.60 per cent were detected by contact examination, and another 22.86 per cent by active surveys. The results of the study suggest that leprosy in children is not a public health problem at the present in China, but the regular screening of children in the family of patients is still one of the important ways to detect child cases and should be recommended.
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Chen XS, Li WZ, Jiang C, Ye GY. Leprosy in China: delay in the detection of cases. ANNALS OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND PARASITOLOGY 2000; 94:181-8. [PMID: 10827873 DOI: 10.1080/00034980057527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
In a national survey in China, 27,928 cases of leprosy detected by the health authorities between 1984 and 1998 were investigated. The delay between onset of symptoms (estimated from each case's recall) and confirmed diagnosis was < or = 2 years for 55.1% of the new patients but > 10 years for 7.0%, with a median value, overall, of 22.0 months. The median delay was longer: (1) for the multibacillary cases than the paucibacillary; (2) among farmers than among factory workers; (3) among some nationalities than among others (being longest among the Tu and shortest among the Wei); and (4) for some methods of case-detection than for others. Over the study period, the mean delay decreased with time. The delay was greatest in the areas where leprosy was endemic and/or where access to health services was poor. The later the cases were detected the more likely they were to show disability. Leprosy cases are still going undetected in China, although, over the last 14 years, case-finding has significantly improved. Age, occupation, nationality, leprosy type and detection method all appear to affect the delay.
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Chen XS, Li WZ, Jiang C, Zhu ZL, Ye G. Computerization of leprosy records: national leprosy recording and reporting system in China. LEPROSY REV 2000; 71:47-56. [PMID: 10820987 DOI: 10.5935/0305-7518.20000007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
This paper describes the national system of leprosy recording and reporting in China and the computerization of records. The system was designed for data collection at local level and data entry by optically scanned or manual mode as well as for sophisticated data analysis. The major functions include data entry, data check, sum-up, maintenance, communication, inquiry, statistics, graph and print. A total of 17 options for epidemiological and clinical data analysis are available. Through the implementation for about 10 years, the system has gained widespread acceptance. This acceptance would facilitate introduction of computer analysis to other leprosy projects and other disease control programs in China. Up to 1998, a database of more than 740,000 records covering all the leprosy patients detected since 1949 had been established by this system.
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Shi RJ, Li WZ, Marder VJ, Sporn LA. Cloning of guinea pig tissue factor cDNA: comparison of primary structure among six mammalian species. Thromb Haemost 2000; 83:455-61. [PMID: 10744153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
Tissue factor (TF) is a transmembrane glycoprotein that serves as an essential cofactor for plasma coagulation factor VII. TF procoagulant activity exhibits varying species specificity. In particular, guinea pig (GP) TF is unable to activate clotting in heterologous plasma systems, but the molecular basis for this phenomenon is not yet understood. The full-length GP TF cDNA was cloned and sequenced. The open reading frame encoded a predicted precursor protein of 289 amino acids (aa) which was expressed in a reticulocyte lysate system as a protein of apparent molecular weight of 34 kD. The identity of the predicted aa sequence of mature GP TF with rabbit, human, bovine, rat and mouse TF was 66.4, 64.4, 60.6, 53.2 and 52.2%, respectively. With a focus on sites of potential functional significance, we compared sequences within the known binding regions. The eleven residues at the interface region between the TF1 and TF2 modules, which bind to the EGF domain of VIIa, were perfectly conserved among the six species, with the exception of an isoleucine replacing a lysine in the guinea pig sequence. However, only four of the eleven binding residues in the TF1 module, known to interact with the catalytic domain of factor VII, and three of the five residues in the TF2 module, involved in binding the factor VII Gla domain, were conserved among species. We hypothesize that divergence at these regions contributes to the specificity and non-reciprocity of TF procoagulant activity between species.
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Chen XS, Li WZ, Jiang C, Ye GY. Studies on risk of leprosy relapses in China: relapses after treatment with dapsone monotherapy. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF LEPROSY AND OTHER MYCOBACTERIAL DISEASES : OFFICIAL ORGAN OF THE INTERNATIONAL LEPROSY ASSOCIATION 1999; 67:371-8. [PMID: 10700910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
Abstract
Based upon the data from the Chinese National System for Leprosy Surveillance, this paper reports on the relapses in 297,343 leprosy patients [multibacillary (MB) 106,518, paucibacillary (PB) 190,825] cured by dapsone monotherapy. A total of 11,055 (MB 8675, PB 2380) patients relapsed during an accumulated follow-up period of 4,229,050 patient-years (PY), giving an overall relapse rate of 3.72 per 100 cases or 2.61 per 1000 PY, i.e., 8.14% or 5.91 per 1000 PY over an average follow-up period of 13.8 +/- 8.4 years in MB patients and 1.25% or 0.86 per 1000 PY over an average period of 14.5 +/- 8.9 years in PB patients. For either the overall relapse rate per 100 cases or per 1000 PY, the differences between MB and PB patients were statistically significant, except during 36-40 years of follow up. For both MB and PB patients, the relapse rates showed consistently significant decreases year by year, particularly in PB patients whose relapse rate per 1000 PY was 1.21 in year 10 of follow up; whereas it remained more than 10 per 1000 PY in MB patients. In view of that, the overall relapse rates in MB and PB patients cured by dapsone monotherapy were acceptably low, and most of these patients have been followed up for more than a mean incubation period of observed dapsone relapse. Along with the further extension of follow up, the risk of relapse in dapsone-cured patients will not be expected to increase. This conclusion should be considered when planning policy for the management of patients released from dapsone monotherapy.
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