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Abe K, Abe K, Abe R, Adachi I, Ahn BS, Aihara H, Akatsu M, Asano Y, Aso T, Aulchenko V, Aushev T, Bakich AM, Banas E, Behari S, Behera PK, Bondar A, Bozek A, Browder TE, Casey BCK, Chang P, Chao Y, Cheon BG, Chistov R, Choi SK, Choi Y, Dong LY, Drutskoy A, Eidelman S, Enari Y, Fang F, Fujii H, Fukunaga C, Fukushima M, Gabyshev N, Garmash A, Gershon T, Gordon A, Gotow K, Guo R, Haba J, Hamasaki H, Hanagaki K, Handa F, Hara K, Hara T, Hastings NC, Hayashii H, Hazumi M, Heenan EM, Higuchi I, Higuchi T, Hirano H, Hojo T, Hokuue T, Hoshi Y, Hoshina K, Hou SR, Hou WS, Hsu SC, Huang HC, Igarashi Y, Iijima T, Ikeda H, Inami K, Ishikawa A, Ishino H, Itoh R, Iwasaki H, Iwasaki Y, Jackson DJ, Jang HK, Kakuno H, Kaneko J, Kang JH, Kang JS, Kapusta P, Katayama N, Kawai H, Kawai H, Kawamura N, Kawasaki T, Kichimi H, Kim DW, Kim H, Kim HJ, Kim HO, Kim H, Kim SK, Kinoshita K, Kobayashi S, Konishi H, Krokovny P, Kulasiri R, Kumar S, Kuzmin A, Kwon YJ, Lange JS, Leder G, Lee SH, Liventsev D, Lu RS, MacNaughton J, Matsubara T, Matsumoto S, Matsumoto T, Mikami Y, Miyabayashi K, Miyake H, Miyata H, Moloney GR, Moorhead GF, Mori S, Mori T, Murakami A, Nagamine T, Nagasaka Y, Nagashima Y, Nakadaira T, Nakano E, Nakao M, Nam JW, Natkaniec Z, Neichi K, Nishida S, Nitoh O, Noguchi S, Nozaki T, Ogawa S, Ohshima T, Okabe T, Okuno S, Olsen SL, Ostrowicz W, Ozaki H, Pakhlov P, Palka H, Park CS, Park CW, Park H, Park KS, Peak LS, Peters M, Piilonen LE, Rodriguez JL, Root N, Rozanska M, Rybicki K, Ryuko J, Sagawa H, Sakai Y, Sakamoto H, Satpathy A, Schrenk S, Semenov S, Senyo K, Sevior ME, Shibuya H, Schwartz B, Stanic S, Sugi A, Sugiyama A, Sumisawa K, Sumiyoshi T, Suzuki K, Suzuki S, Suzuki SY, Swain SK, Tajima H, Takahashi T, Takasaki F, Takita M, Tamai K, Tamura N, Tanaka J, Tanaka M, Tanaka Y, Taylor GN, Teramoto Y, Tomoto M, Tomura T, Tovey SN, Trabelsi K, Tsuboyama T, Tsukamoto T, Uehara S, Ueno K, Unno Y, Uno S, Ushiroda Y, Varvell KE, Wang CC, Wang CH, Wang JG, Wang MZ, Watanabe Y, Won E, Yabsley BD, Yamada Y, Yamaga M, Yamaguchi A, Yamamoto H, Yamashita Y, Yamauchi M, Yashima J, Yokoyama M, Yoshida K, Yusa Y, Yuta H, Zhang CC, Zhang J, Zhao HW, Zheng Y, Zhilich V, Zontar D. Observation of the decay B --> Kl+l-. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2002; 88:021801. [PMID: 11801003 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.88.021801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2001] [Revised: 10/19/2001] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
We report a search for the flavor-changing neutral current decay B-->K(*)l+l- using a 29.1 fb(-1) data sample accumulated at the Upsilon(4S) resonance with the Belle detector at the KEKB e+e- storage ring. We observe the decay process B-->Kl+l-(l = e, mu), for the first time, with a branching fraction of B(B-->Kl+l-) = (0.75(+0.25)(-0.21)+/-0.09)x10(-6).
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Kumpel BM, Beliard R, Brossard Y, Edelman L, de Haas M, Jackson DJ, Kooyman P, Ligthart PC, Monchâtre E, Overbeeke MAM, Puillandre P, de Romeuf C, Wilkes AM. Section 1C: Assessment of the functional activity and IgG Fc receptor utilisation of 64 IgG Rh monoclonal antibodies. Coordinator's report. Transfus Clin Biol 2002; 9:45-53. [PMID: 11889899 DOI: 10.1016/s1246-7820(01)00215-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Sixty-four IgG Rh monoclonal antibodies (Mabs) submitted to the Fourth International Workshop on Monoclonal Antibodies Against Human Red Blood Cells and Related Antigens were characterised and tested in quantitative functional assays at five laboratories. The biological assays measured the ability of anti-D to mediate phagocytosis or extracellular lysis of RBC by IgG Fc receptor (Fc gamma R)-bearing effector cells. Interactions of RBC pre-sensitised with anti-D (EA-IgG) with monocytes in chemiluminescence (CL) assays were found proportional to the amount of IgG anti-D on the RBC. Using antibodies to inhibit Fc gamma RI, Fc gamma RII or Fc gamma RIII, the only receptor utilised in the monocyte CL and ADCC assays for interactions with EA-IgG1 was found to be Fc gamma RI. In these assays, enhanced interactions were promoted by EA-IgG3 and additional Fc gamma receptors may have contributed. IgG2 anti-D was not reactive in these assays and EA-IgG4 promoted weak reactions through Fc gamma RI. A macrophage ADCC assay showed that haemolysis of EA-IgG3 was greater than that of EA-IgG1, mediated mainly through Fc gamma RIII. In ADCC assays using lymphocytes (NK cells) as effector cells and papainised RBC target cells, only a minority of IgG1 anti-D Mabs were shown to be able to mediate haemolysis in the presence of monomeric IgG (AB serum or IVIg). These interactions were mediated solely through Fc gamma RIII. Haemolysis via Fc gamma RIII may depend on the presence of certain sugars on the oligosaccharide moiety of IgG. Most Mabs (IgG1, IgG2, IgG3 and IgG4) elicited intermediate, low or no haemolysis in these assays. Blocking studies indicated that low activity IgG1 and IgG4 anti-D utilised only Fc gamma RI. Other IgG1 and IgG3 Mabs appeared to promote haemolysis through Fc gamma RI and Fc gamma RIII while IgG2 was inhibited by Mabs to both Fc gamma RII and Fc gamma RIII, suggesting a variety of Fc gamma R are utilised for anti-D of low haemolytic activity. Excellent agreement between the results of the lymphocyte ADCC assays and antibody quantitation was observed between the participating laboratories.
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Abe K, Abe K, Adachi I, Ahn BS, Aihara H, Asano Y, Aso T, Aulchenko V, Aushev T, Bakich AM, Banas E, Bartel W, Behari S, Behera PK, Beiline D, Bondar A, Bozek A, Browder TE, Casey BC, Chang P, Chao Y, Cheon BG, Choi SK, Choi Y, Dragic J, Drutskoy A, Eidelman S, Enari Y, Fang F, Fujii H, Fukunaga C, Fukushima M, Garmash A, Gordon A, Gotow K, Guo R, Haba J, Hamasaki H, Hanagaki K, Hara K, Hara T, Hastings NC, Hayashii H, Hazumi M, Heenan EM, Higasino Y, Higuchi I, Higuchi T, Hirano H, Hojo T, Hoshi Y, Hou SR, Hou WS, Hsu SC, Huang HC, Igarashi Y, Iijima T, Ikeda H, Inami K, Ishikawa A, Ishino H, Itoh R, Iwai G, Iwasaki H, Iwasaki Y, Jackson DJ, Jalocha P, Jang HK, Jones M, Kagan R, Kakuno H, Kaneko J, Kang JH, Kang JS, Kapusta P, Katayama N, Kawai H, Kawai H, Kawamura N, Kawasaki T, Kichimi H, Kim DW, Kim H, Kim HJ, Kim H, Kim SK, Kim TH, Kinoshita K, Kobayashi S, Koishi S, Krokovny P, Kulasiri R, Kumar S, Kuzmin A, Kwon YJ, Lange JS, Lee SH, Liventsev D, Lu RS, Marlow D, Matsubara T, Matsui S, Matsumoto S, Matsumoto T, Mikami Y, Miyabayashi K, Miyake H, Miyata H, Moloney GR, Moorhead GF, Mori S, Mori T, Murakami A, Nagamine T, Nagasaka Y, Nagashima Y, Nakadaira T, Nakano E, Nakao M, Nam JW, Narita S, Natkaniec Z, Neichi K, Nishida S, Nitoh O, Noguchi S, Nozaki T, Ogawa S, Ohshima T, Okabe T, Okuno S, Olsen SL, Ozaki H, Pakhlov P, Palka H, Park CS, Park CW, Park H, Peak LS, Peters M, Piilonen LE, Prebys E, Rodriguez JL, Root N, Rozanska M, Rybicki K, Sagawa H, Sakai Y, Sakamoto H, Satapathy M, Satpathy A, Schrenk S, Semenov S, Senyo K, Sevior ME, Shibuya H, Shwartz B, Stanic S, Sugi A, Sugiyama A, Sumisawa K, Sumiyoshi T, Suzuki JI, Suzuki K, Suzuki S, Suzuki SY, Swain SK, Takahashi T, Takasaki F, Takita M, Tamai K, Tamura N, Tanaka J, Tanaka M, Tanaka Y, Taylor GN, Teramoto Y, Tomoto M, Tomura T, Tovey SN, Trabelsi K, Tsuboyama T, Tsukamoto T, Uehara S, Ueno K, Unno Y, Uno S, Ushiroda Y, Vahsen SE, Varvell KE, Wang CH, Wang JG, Wang MZ, Watanabe Y, Won E, Yabsley BD, Yamada Y, Yamaga M, Yamaguchi A, Yamamoto H, Yamashita Y, Yamauchi M, Yanaka S, Yoshida K, Yusa Y, Yuta H, Zhang CC, Zhang J, Zhao HW, Zheng Y, Zhilich V, Zontar D. Observation of B --> J/psi K(1)(1270). PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2001; 87:161601. [PMID: 11690197 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.87.161601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2001] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
We report the first observation of the exclusive decay process B-->J/psi K(1)(1270) using a sample of 11.2M BB macro meson pairs collected in the Belle detector at the KEKB asymmetric energy e(+)e(-) collider. We measure branching fractions of B[B(0)-->J/psi K(0)(1)(1270)] = (1.30+/-0.34+/-0.32) x 10(-3) and B[B(+)-->J/psi K(+)(1)(1270)] = (1.80+/-0.34+/-0.39) x 10(-3), where the first error is statistical and the second is systematic. These modes constitute approximately 15% of the total number of B-->J/psi X decays. No evidence is seen for B-->J/psi K(1)(1400) and we set an upper limit for this branching fraction.
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Abe K, Abe K, Adachi I, Ahn BS, Aihara H, Akatsu M, Alimonti G, Asano Y, Aso T, Aulchenko V, Aushev T, Bakich AM, Bartel W, Behari S, Behera PK, Beiline D, Bondar A, Bozek A, Browder TE, Casey BC, Chang P, Chao Y, Cheon BG, Choi SK, Choi Y, Eidelman S, Enari Y, Enomoto R, Fang F, Fujii H, Fukunaga C, Fukushima M, Garmash A, Gordon A, Gotow K, Guo R, Haba J, Hamasaki H, Hanagaki K, Handa F, Hara K, Hara T, Hastings NC, Hayashii H, Hazumi M, Heenan EM, Higuchi I, Higuchi T, Hirano H, Hojo T, Hoshi Y, Hou WS, Hsu SC, Huang HC, Igarashi Y, Iijima T, Ikeda H, Inami K, Ishikawa A, Ishino H, Itoh R, Iwai G, Iwasaki H, Iwasaki Y, Jackson DJ, Jalocha P, Jang HK, Jones M, Kagan R, Kakuno H, Kaneko J, Kang JH, Kang JS, Katayama N, Kawai H, Kawai H, Kawasaki T, Kichimi H, Kim DW, Kim H, Kim HJ, Kim H, Kim SK, Kinoshita K, Kobayashi S, Krokovny P, Kulasiri R, Kumar S, Kuzmin A, Kwon YJ, Lange JS, Lee MH, Lee SH, Liventsev D, Lu RS, Marlow D, Matsubara T, Matsumoto S, Matsumoto T, Miyabayashi K, Miyake H, Miyata H, Moloney GR, Mori S, Mori T, Murakami A, Nagamine T, Nagasaka Y, Nakadaira T, Nakano E, Nakao M, Nam JW, Narita S, Neichi K, Nishida S, Nitoh O, Noguchi S, Nozaki T, Ogawa S, Ohshima T, Okabe T, Okuno S, Olsen SL, Ozaki H, Pakhlov P, Palka H, Park CS, Park CW, Park H, Peak LS, Peters M, Piilonen LE, Rodriguez JL, Root N, Rozanska M, Rybicki K, Ryuko J, Sagawa H, Sakai Y, Sakamoto H, Satapathy M, Satpathy A, Schrenk S, Semenov S, Senyo K, Sevior ME, Shibuya H, Shwartz B, Sidorov V, Singh JB, Stanic S, Sugi A, Sugiyama A, Sumisawa K, Sumiyoshi T, Suzuki JI, Suzuki K, Suzuki S, Suzuki SY, Swain SK, Takahashi T, Takasaki F, Takita M, Tamai K, Tamura N, Tanaka J, Tanaka M, Taylor GN, Teramoto Y, Tomoto M, Tomura T, Tovey SN, Trabelsi K, Tsuboyama T, Tsukamoto T, Uehara S, Ueno K, Unno Y, Uno S, Ushiroda Y, Usov Y, Vahsen SE, Varner G, Varvell KE, Wang CC, Wang CH, Wang JG, Wang MZ, Watanabe Y, Won E, Yabsley BD, Yamada Y, Yamaga M, Yamaguchi A, Yamamoto H, Yamashita Y, Yamauchi M, Yanaka S, Yokoyama M, Yoshida K, Yusa Y, Yuta H, Zhang CC, Zhang J, Zhao HW, Zheng Y, Zhilich V, Zontar D. Observation of Cabibbo suppressed B --> D(*)K- decays at Belle. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2001; 87:111801. [PMID: 11531511 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.87.111801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2001] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
We report observations of the Cabibbo suppressed decays B-->D((*))K- using a 10.4 fb(-1) data sample accumulated at the Upsilon(4S) resonance with the Belle detector at the KEKB e(+)e(-) storage ring. We find that the ratios of Cabibbo suppressed to Cabibbo favored branching fractions are B(B--->D0K-)/B(B--->D0pi(-)) = 0.079+/-0.009+/-0.006, B(B(0)-->D+K-)/B(B(0)-->D+pi(-)) = 0.068+/-0.015+/-0.007, B(B--->D(*0)K-)/B(B--->D(*0)pi(-)) = 0.078+/-0.019+/-0.009, and B(B(0)-->D(*+)K-)/B(B(0)-->D(*+)pi(-)) = 0.074+/-0.015+/-0.006. These are the first observations of the B-->D+K-, D(*0)K-, and D(*+)K- decay processes.
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Abe K, Abe K, Adachi I, Ahn BS, Aihara H, Akatsu M, Alimonti G, Asano Y, Aso T, Aulchenko V, Aushev T, Bakich AM, Bartel W, Behari S, Behera PK, Beiline D, Bondar A, Bozek A, Browder TE, Casey BC, Chang P, Chao Y, Chen KF, Cheon BG, Choi SK, Choi Y, Eidelman S, Enari Y, Enomoto R, Fang F, Fujii H, Fukushima M, Garmash A, Gordon A, Gotow K, Guo R, Haba J, Hamasaki H, Hanagaki K, Handa F, Hara K, Hara T, Hastings NC, Hayashii H, Hazumi M, Heenan EM, Higuchi I, Higuchi T, Hirano H, Hojo T, Hoshi Y, Hou WS, Hsu SC, Huang HC, Igarashi Y, Iijima T, Ikeda H, Inami K, Ishikawa A, Ishino H, Itoh R, Iwai G, Iwasaki H, Iwasaki Y, Jackson DJ, Jalocha P, Jang HK, Jones M, Kakuno H, Kaneko J, Kang JH, Kang JS, Katayama N, Kawai H, Kawai H, Kawasaki T, Kichimi H, Kim DW, Kim H, Kim HJ, Kim H, Kim SK, Kinoshita K, Kobayashi S, Krokovny P, Kulasiri R, Kumar S, Kuzmin A, Kwon YJ, Lange JS, Lee MH, Lee SH, Liventsev D, Lu RS, Marlow D, Matsubara T, Matsumoto S, Matsumoto T, Mikami Y, Miyabayashi K, Miyake H, Miyata H, Moloney GR, Mori S, Mori T, Murakami A, Nagamine T, Nagasaka Y, Nakadaira T, Nakano E, Nakao M, Nam JW, Narita S, Nishida S, Nitoh O, Noguchi S, Nozaki T, Ogawa S, Ohshima T, Okabe T, Okuno S, Olsen SL, Ozaki H, Pakhlov P, Palka H, Park CS, Park CW, Park H, Peak LS, Peters M, Piilonen LE, Rodriguez JL, Root N, Rozanska M, Rybicki K, Ryuko J, Sagawa H, Sakai Y, Sakamoto H, Satapathy M, Satpathy A, Schrenk S, Semenov S, Senyo K, Sevior ME, Shibuya H, Shwartz B, Sidorov V, Singh JB, Stanic S, Sugi A, Sugiyama A, Sumisawa K, Sumiyoshi T, Suzuki JI, Suzuki K, Suzuki S, Suzuki SY, Swain SK, Tajima H, Takahashi T, Takasaki F, Takita M, Tamai K, Tamura N, Tanaka J, Tanaka M, Taylor GN, Teramoto Y, Tomoto M, Tomura T, Tovey SN, Trabelsi K, Tsuboyama T, Tsukamoto T, Uehara S, Ueno K, Unno Y, Uno S, Ushiroda Y, Usov Y, Vahsen SE, Varner G, Varvell KE, Wang CC, Wang CH, Wang JG, Wang MZ, Watanabe Y, Won E, Yabsley BD, Yamada Y, Yamaga M, Yamaguchi A, Yamamoto H, Yamashita Y, Yamauchi M, Yanaka S, Yokoyama M, Yusa Y, Yuta H, Zhang CC, Zhang J, Zhao HW, Zheng Y, Zhilich V, Zontar D. Measurement of branching fractions for B --> pipi, Kpi, and KK decays. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2001; 87:101801. [PMID: 11531472 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.87.101801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2001] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
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Abe K, Abe K, Abe R, Adachi I, Ahn BS, Aihara H, Akatsu M, Alimonti G, Asai K, Asai M, Asano Y, Aso T, Aulchenko V, Aushev T, Bakich AM, Banas E, Behari S, Behera PK, Beiline D, Bondar A, Bozek A, Browder TE, Casey BC, Chang P, Chao Y, Chen KF, Cheon BG, Chistov R, Choi SK, Choi Y, Dong LY, Dragic J, Drutskoy A, Eidelman S, Eiges V, Enari Y, Enomoto R, Everton CW, Fang F, Fujii H, Fukunaga C, Fukushima M, Gabyshev N, Garmash A, Gershon TJ, Gordon A, Gotow K, Guler H, Guo R, Haba J, Hamasaki H, Hanagaki K, Handa F, Hara K, Hara T, Hastings NC, Hayashii H, Hazumi M, Heenan EM, Higasino Y, Higuchi I, Higuchi T, Hirai T, Hirano H, Hojo T, Hokuue T, Hoshi Y, Hoshina K, Hou SR, Hou WS, Hsu SC, Huang HC, Igarashi Y, Iijima T, Ikeda H, Ikeda K, Inami K, Ishikawa A, Ishino H, Itoh R, Iwai G, Iwasaki H, Iwasaki Y, Jackson DJ, Jalocha P, Jang HK, Jones M, Kagan R, Kakuno H, Kaneko J, Kang JH, Kang JS, Kapusta P, Katayama N, Kawai H, Kawai H, Kawakami Y, Kawamura N, Kawasaki T, Kichimi H, Kim DW, Kim H, Kim HJ, Kim H, Kim SK, Kim TH, Kinoshita K, Kobayashi S, Koishi S, Konishi H, Korotushenko K, Krokovny P, Kulasiri R, Kumar S, Kuniya T, Kurihara E, Kuzmin A, Kwon YJ, Lange JS, Leder G, Lee MH, Lee SH, Leonidopoulos C, Lin YS, Liventsev D, Lu RS, MacNaughton J, Marlow D, Matsubara T, Matsui S, Matsumoto S, Matsumoto T, Mikami Y, Misono K, Miyabayashi K, Miyake H, Miyata H, Moffitt LC, Moloney GR, Moorhead GF, Mori S, Mori T, Murakami A, Nagamine T, Nagasaka Y, Nagashima Y, Nakadaira T, Nakamura T, Nakano E, Nakao M, Nakazawa H, Nam JW, Natkaniec Z, Neichi K, Nishida S, Nitoh O, Noguchi S, Nozaki T, Ogawa S, Ohshima T, Ohshima Y, Okabe T, Okazaki T, Okuno S, Olsen SL, Ozaki H, Pakhlov P, Palka H, Park CS, Park CW, Park H, Peak LS, Peters M, Piilonen LE, Prebys E, Rodriguez JL, Root N, Rozanska M, Rybicki K, Ryuko J, Sagawa H, Sakai Y, Sakamoto H, Satapathy M, Satpathy A, Schrenk S, Semenov S, Senyo K, Settai Y, Sevior ME, Shibuya H, Shwartz B, Sidorov A, Stanic S, Sugi A, Sugiyama A, Sumisawa K, Sumiyoshi T, Suzuki J, Suzuki K, Suzuki S, Suzuki SY, Swain SK, Tajima H, Takahashi T, Takasaki F, Takita M, Tamai K, Tamura N, Tanaka J, Tanaka M, Taylor GN, Teramoto Y, Tomoto M, Tomura T, Tovey SN, Trabelsi K, Tsuboyama T, Tsukamoto T, Uehara S, Ueno K, Unno Y, Uno S, Ushiroda Y, Vahsen SE, Varvell KE, Wang CC, Wang CH, Wang JG, Wang MZ, Watanabe Y, Won E, Yabsley BD, Yamada Y, Yamaga M, Yamaguchi A, Yamamoto H, Yamanaka T, Yamashita Y, Yamauchi M, Yanaka S, Yashima J, Yokoyama M, Yoshida K, Yusa Y, Yuta H, Zhang CC, Zhang J, Zhao HW, Zheng Y, Zhilich V, Zontar D. Observation of large CP violation in the neutral B meson system. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2001; 87:091802. [PMID: 11531561 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.87.091802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2001] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
We present a measurement of the standard model CP violation parameter sin2 phi(1) based on a 29.1 fb(-1) data sample collected at the Upsilon(4S) resonance with the Belle detector at the KEKB asymmetric-energy e(+)e(-) collider. One neutral B meson is fully reconstructed as a J/psi K(S), psi(2S)K(S), chi(c1)K(S), eta(c)K(S), J/psi K(L), or J/psi K(*0) decay and the flavor of the accompanying B meson is identified from its decay products. From the asymmetry in the distribution of the time intervals between the two B meson decay points, we determine sin2 phi(1) = 0.99+/-0.14(stat)+/-0.06(syst). We conclude that we have observed CP violation in the neutral B meson system.
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Jackson DJ, Juncosa ML. Error analysis of high data rate, optical parallel processors. APPLIED OPTICS 2001; 40:2253-2266. [PMID: 18357233 DOI: 10.1364/ao.40.002253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Optical parallel processors have the potential for aiding the transfer of information over networks. The systems implications for a baseline architecture employing spatial light modulators, lenses, and charge-coupled devices are examined. Specifically, because many applications have stringent requirements on errors, this study concentrates on categorizing the potential error sources-both random and systematic-and presents the results of an error analysis for a pixel-to-pixel mapping system as a notional example.
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Abe K, Abe K, Adachi I, Ahn BS, Aihara H, Akatsu M, Alimonti G, Aoki K, Asai K, Asai M, Asano Y, Aso T, Aulchenko V, Aushev T, Bakich AM, Banas E, Behari S, Behera PK, Beiline D, Bondar A, Bozek A, Browder TE, Casey BC, Chang P, Chao Y, Cheon BG, Choi SK, Choi Y, Doi Y, Dragic J, Eidelman S, Enari Y, Enomoto R, Everton CW, Fang F, Fujii H, Fujita Y, Fukunaga C, Fukushima M, Garmash A, Gordon A, Gotow K, Guler H, Guo R, Haba J, Haji T, Hamasaki H, Hanagaki K, Handa F, Hara K, Hara T, Hastings NC, Hayashi K, Hayashii H, Hazumi M, Heenan EM, Higuchi I, Higuchi T, Hirai T, Hirano H, Hojo T, Hoshi Y, Hou WS, Hsu SC, Huang HC, Huang YC, Ichizawa S, Igarashi Y, Iijima T, Ikeda H, Ikeda K, Inami K, Inoue Y, Ishikawa A, Ishino H, Itoh R, Iwai G, Iwasaki H, Iwasaki Y, Jackson DJ, Jalocha P, Jang HK, Jones M, Kagan R, Kakuno H, Kaneko J, Kang JH, Kang JS, Kapusta P, Kasami K, Katayama N, Kawai H, Kawai M, Kawamura N, Kawasaki T, Kichimi H, Kim DW, Kim H, Kim HJ, Kim H, Kim SK, Kinoshita K, Kobayashi S, Koike S, Koishi S, Konishi H, Korotushenko K, Krokovny P, Kulasiri R, Kumar S, Kuniya T, Kurihara E, Kuzmin A, Kwon YJ, Lee MH, Lee SH, Leonidopoulos C, Li HB, Lu RS, Makida Y, Manabe A, Marlow D, Matsubara T, Matsuda T, Matsui S, Matsumoto S, Matsumoto T, Miyabayashi K, Miyake H, Miyata H, Moffitt LC, Mohapatra A, Moloney GR, Moorhead GF, Mori S, Mori T, Murakami A, Nagamine T, Nagasaka Y, Nagashima Y, Nakadaira T, Nakano E, Nakao M, Nakazawa H, Nam JW, Narita S, Natkaniec Z, Neichi K, Nishida S, Nitoh O, Noguchi S, Nozaki T, Ogawa S, Ohshima T, Ohshima Y, Okabe T, Okazaki T, Okuno S, Olsen SL, Ozaki H, Pakhlov P, Palka H, Park CS, Park CW, Park H, Peak LS, Peters M, Piilonen LE, Prebys E, Raaf J, Rodriguez JL, Root N, Rozanska M, Rybicki K, Ryuko J, Sagawa H, Sakai Y, Sakamoto H, Sakaue H, Satapathy M, Sato N, Satpathy A, Schrenk S, Semenov S, Sevior ME, Shibuya H, Shwartz B, Sidorov A, Sidorov V, Stanic S, Sugi A, Sugiyama A, Sumisawa K, Sumiyoshi T, Suzuki J, Suzuki K, Suzuki S, Suzuki SY, Swain SK, Tajima H, Takahashi T, Takasaki F, Takita M, Tamai K, Tamura N, Tanaka J, Tanaka M, Tanaka Y, Taylor GN, Teramoto Y, Tomoto M, Tomura T, Tovey SN, Trabelsi K, Tsuboyama T, Tsujita Y, Tsukamoto T, Tsukamoto T, Uehara S, Ueno K, Ujiie N, Unno Y, Uno S, Ushiroda Y, Usov Y, Vahsen SE, Varner G, Varvell KE, Wang CC, Wang CH, Wang MZ, Wang TJ, Watanabe Y, Won E, Yabsley BD, Yamada Y, Yamaga M, Yamaguchi A, Yamaguchi H, Yamaoka H, Yamaoka Y, Yamashita Y, Yamauchi M, Yanaka S, Yokoyama M, Yoshida K, Yusa Y, Yuta H, Zhang CC, Zhao HW, Zheng Y, Zhilich V, Zontar D. Measurement of B(0)(d)-B_(0)(d) mixing rate from the time evolution of dilepton events at the upsilon(4S). PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2001; 86:3228-3232. [PMID: 11327938 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.86.3228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2000] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
We report a determination of the B(0)(d)-&B_(0)(d) mixing parameter Deltam(d) based on the time evolution of dilepton yields in Upsilon(4S) decays. The measurement is based on a 5.9 fb(-1) data sample collected by the Belle detector at KEKB. The proper-time difference distributions for same-sign and opposite-sign dilepton events are simultaneously fitted to an expression containing Deltam(d) as a free parameter. Using both muons and electrons, we obtain Deltam(d) = 0.463+/-0.008 (stat)+/-0.016 (syst) ps(-1). This is the first determination of Deltam(d) from time evolution measurements at the Upsilon(4S). We also place limits on possible CPT violations.
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Abashian A, Abe K, Abe K, Adachi I, Ahn BS, Aihara H, Akatsu M, Alimonti G, Aoki K, Asai K, Asai M, Asano Y, Aso T, Aulchenko V, Aushev T, Bakich AM, Banas E, Behari S, Behera PK, Beiline D, Bondar A, Bozek A, Browder TE, Casey BC, Chang P, Chao Y, Cheon BG, Choi SK, Choi Y, Doi Y, Dragic J, Drutskoy A, Eidelman S, Enari Y, Enomoto R, Everton CW, Fang F, Fujii H, Fujimoto K, Fujita Y, Fukunaga C, Fukushima M, Garmash A, Gordon A, Gotow K, Guler H, Guo R, Haba J, Haji T, Hamasaki H, Hanagaki K, Handa F, Hara K, Hara T, Haruyama T, Hastings NC, Hayashi K, Hayashii H, Hazumi M, Heenan EM, Higashi Y, Higashino Y, Higuchi I, Higuchi T, Hirai T, Hirano H, Hirose M, Hojo T, Hoshi Y, Hoshina K, Hou WS, Hsu SC, Huang HC, Huang YC, Ichizawa S, Igarashi Y, Iijima T, Ikeda H, Ikeda K, Inami K, Inoue Y, Ishikawa A, Ishino H, Itoh R, Iwai G, Iwai M, Iwamoto M, Iwasaki H, Iwasaki Y, Jackson DJ, Jalocha P, Jang HK, Jones M, Kagan R, Kakuno H, Kaneko J, Kang JH, Kang JS, Kapusta P, Kasami K, Katayama N, Kawai H, Kawai H, Kawai M, Kawamura N, Kawasaki T, Kichimi H, Kim DW, Kim H, Kim HJ, Kim H, Kim SK, Kinoshita K, Kobayashi S, Koike S, Koishi S, Kondo Y, Konishi H, Korotushenko K, Krokovny P, Kulasiri R, Kumar S, Kuniya T, Kurihara E, Kuzmin A, Kwon YJ, Lee MH, Lee SH, Leonidopoulos C, Li HB, Lu RS, Makida Y, Manabe A, Marlow D, Matsubara T, Matsuda T, Matsui S, Matsumoto S, Matsumoto T, Mikami Y, Misono K, Miyabayashi K, Miyake H, Miyata H, Moffitt LC, Mohapatra A, Moloney GR, Moorhead GF, Morgan N, Mori S, Mori T, Murakami A, Nagamine T, Nagasaka Y, Nagashima Y, Nakadaira T, Nakamura T, Nakano E, Nakao M, Nakazawa H, Nam JW, Narita S, Natkaniec Z, Neichi K, Nishida S, Nitoh O, Noguchi S, Nozaki T, Ogawa S, Ohshima T, Ohshima Y, Okabe T, Okazaki T, Okuno S, Olsen SL, Ostrowicz W, Ozaki H, Pakhlov P, Palka H, Park CS, Park CW, Park H, Peak LS, Peters M, Piilonen LE, Prebys E, Rodriguez JL, Root N, Rozanska M, Rybicki K, Ryuko J, Sagawa H, Saitoh S, Sakai Y, Sakamoto H, Sakaue H, Satapathy M, Sato N, Satpathy A, Schrenk S, Semenov S, Settai Y, Sevior ME, Shibuya H, Shwartz B, Sidorov A, Sidorov V, Singh JB, Stanic S, Sugi A, Sugiyama A, Sumisawa K, Sumiyoshi T, Suzuki J, Suzuki J, Suzuki K, Suzuki S, Suzuki SY, Swain SK, Tajima H, Takahashi T, Takasaki F, Takita M, Tamai K, Tamura N, Tanaka J, Tanaka M, Tanaka Y, Taylor GN, Teramoto Y, Tomoto M, Tomura T, Tovey SN, Trabelsi K, Tsuboyama T, Tsujita Y, Tsukamoto T, Tsukamoto T, Uehara S, Ueno K, Ujiie N, Unno Y, Uno S, Ushiroda Y, Usov Y, Vahsen SE, Varner G, Varvell KE, Wang CC, Wang CH, Wang MZ, Wang TJ, Watanabe Y, Won E, Yabsley BD, Yamada Y, Yamaga M, Yamaguchi A, Yamaguchi H, Yamamoto H, Yamanaka T, Yamaoka H, Yamaoka Y, Yamashita Y, Yamauchi M, Yanaka S, Yokoyama M, Yoshida K, Yusa Y, Yuta H, Zhang CC, Zhao HW, Zhang J, Zheng Y, Zhilich V, Zontar D. Measurement of the CP violation parameter sin2 phi(1) in B(0)(d) meson decays. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2001; 86:2509-2514. [PMID: 11289969 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.86.2509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2001] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
We present a measurement of the standard model CP violation parameter sin2 phi(1) (also known as sin2beta) based on a 10.5 fb(-1) data sample collected at the Upsilon(4S) resonance with the Belle detector at the KEKB asymmetric e(+)e(-) collider. One neutral B meson is reconstructed in the J/psiK(S), psi(2S)K(S), chi(c1)K(S), eta(c)K(S), J/psiK(L), or J/psipi(0) CP-eigenstate decay channel and the flavor of the accompanying B meson is identified from its charged particle decay products. From the asymmetry in the distribution of the time interval between the two B-meson decay points, we determine sin2 phi(1) = 0.58(+0.32)(-0.34)(stat)+0.09-0.10(syst).
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Abe K, Abe K, Abe T, Adam I, Akimoto H, Aston D, Baird KG, Baltay C, Band HR, Barklow TL, Bauer JM, Bellodi G, Berger R, Blaylock G, Bogart JR, Bower GR, Brau JE, Breidenbach M, Bugg WM, Burke D, Burnett TH, Burrows PN, Calcaterra A, Cassell R, Chou A, Cohn HO, Coller JA, Convery MR, Cook V, Cowan RF, Crawford G, Damerell CJ, Daoudi M, de Groot N, de Sangro R, Dong DN, Doser M, Dubois R, Erofeeva I, Eschenburg V, Etzion E, Fahey S, Falciai D, Fernandez JP, Flood K, Frey R, Hart EL, Hasuko K, Hertzbach SS, Huffer ME, Huynh X, Iwasaki M, Jackson DJ, Jacques P, Jaros JA, Jiang ZY, Johnson AS, Johnson JR, Kajikawa R, Kalelkar M, Kang HJ, Kofler RR, Kroeger RS, Langston M, Leith DW, Lia V, Lin C, Mancinelli G, Manly S, Mantovani G, Markiewicz TW, Maruyama T, McKemey AK, Messner R, Moffeit KC, Moore TB, Morii M, Muller D, Murzin V, Narita S, Nauenberg U, Neal H, Nesom G, Oishi N, Onoprienko D, Osborne LS, Panvini RS, Park CH, Peruzzi I, Piccolo M, Piemontese L, Plano RJ, Prepost R, Prescott CY, Ratcliff BN, Reidy J, Reinertsen PL, Rochester LS, Rowson PC, Russell JJ, Saxton OH, Schalk T, Schumm BA, Schwiening J, Serbo VV, Shapiro G, Sinev NB, Snyder JA, Staengle H, Stahl A, Stamer P, Steiner H, Su D, Suekane F, Sugiyama A, Suzuki S, Swartz M, Taylor FE, Thom J, Torrence E, Usher T, Va'vra J, Verdier R, Wagner DL, Waite AP, Walston S, Weidemann AW, Weiss ER, Whitaker JS, Williams SH, Willocq S, Wilson RJ, Wisniewski WJ, Wittlin JL, Woods M, Wright TR, Yamamoto RK, Yashima J, Yellin SJ, Young CC, Yuta H. Improved direct measurement of leptonic coupling asymmetries with polarized Z bosons. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2001; 86:1162-1166. [PMID: 11178034 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.86.1162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2000] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
We present final measurements of the Z boson-lepton coupling asymmetry parameters A(e), A(mu), and A(tau) with the complete sample of polarized Z bosons collected by the SLD detector at the SLAC Linear Collider. From the left-right production and decay polar angle asymmetries in leptonic Z decays we measure A(e) = 0.1544+/-0.0060, A(mu) = 0.142+/-0.015, and A(tau) = 0.136+/-0.015. Combined with our left-right asymmetry measured from hadronic decays, we find A(e) = 0.1516+/-0.0021. Assuming lepton universality, we obtain a combined effective weak mixing angle of sin (2)theta(eff)(W) = 0.230 98+/-0.000 26.
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Abe K, Abe K, Abe T, Adam I, Akimoto H, Aston D, Baird KG, Baltay C, Band HR, Barklow TL, Bauer JM, Bellodi G, Berger R, Blaylock G, Bogart JR, Bower GR, Brau JE, Breidenbach M, Bugg WM, Burke D, Burnett TH, Burrows PN, Calcaterra A, Cassell R, Chou A, Cohn HO, Coller JA, Convery MR, Cook V, Cowan RF, Crawford G, Damerell CJ, Daoudi M, de Groot N, de Sangro R, Dong DN, Doser M, Dubois R, Erofeeva I, Eschenburg V, Etzion E, Fahey S, Falciai D, Fernandez JP, Flood K, Frey R, Hart EL, Hasuko K, Hertzbach SS, Huffer ME, Huynh X, Iwasaki M, Jackson DJ, Jacques P, Jaros JA, Jiang ZY, Johnson AS, Johnson JR, Kajikawa R, Kalelkar M, Kang HJ, Kofler RR, Kroeger RS, Langston M, Leith DW, Lia V, Lin C, Mancinelli G, Manly S, Mantovani G, Markiewicz TW, Maruyama T, McKemey AK, Messner R, Moffeit KC, Moore TB, Morii M, Muller D, Murzin V, Narita S, Nauenberg U, Neal H, Nesom G, Oishi N, Onoprienko D, Osborne LS, Panvini RS, Park CH, Peruzzi I, Piccolo M, Piemontese L, Plano RJ, Prepost R, Prescott CY, Ratcliff BN, Reidy J, Reinertsen PL, Rochester LS, Rowson PC, Russell JJ, Saxton OH, Schalk T, Schumm BA, Schwiening J, Serbo VV, Shapiro G, Sinev NB, Snyder JA, Staengle H, Stahl A, Stamer P, Steiner H, Su D, Suekane F, Sugiyama A, Suzuki A, Swartz M, Taylor FE, Thom J, Torrence E, Usher T, Va'vra J, Verdier R, Wagner DL, Waite AP, Walston S, Weidemann AW, Weiss ER, Whitaker JS, Williams SH, Willocq S, Wilson RJ, Wisniewski WJ, Wittlin JL, Woods M, Wright TR, Yamamoto RK, Yashima J, Yellin SJ, Young CC, Yuta H. First symmetry tests in polarized Z0 decays to bbg. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2001; 86:962-966. [PMID: 11177985 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.86.962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2000] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
We have made the first direct symmetry tests in the decays of polarized Z0 bosons into fully identified bbg states, collected in the SLD experiment at SLAC. We searched for evidence of parity violation at the bbg vertex by studying the asymmetries in the b-quark polar- and azimuthal-angle distributions, and for evidence of T-odd, CP-even or CP-odd, final-state interactions by measuring angular correlations between the three-jet plane and the Z0 polarization. We found results consistent with standard model expectations and set 95% C. limits on anomalous contributions.
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Jackson DJ, MacMillan DL. Tailflick escape behavior in larval and juvenile lobsters (Homarus americanus) and crayfish (Cherax destructor). THE BIOLOGICAL BULLETIN 2000; 198:307-318. [PMID: 10897445 DOI: 10.2307/1542687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
We examined the escape behavior of larvae and postlarvae of the American lobster (Homarus americanus) and of adult immature (stage ADI) crayfish (Cherax destructor). Responses to standardized water jet stimuli delivered through a pipette were observed and analyzed. Lobster larvae did not respond to stimuli within 60 ms, indicating that they do not have functional giant fibers. The first movement by lobster larvae in response to water jet stimuli was a hyperextension of the abdomen. Larval escape responses also showed very little habituation. Postlarval lobsters and ADI crayfish showed the same range of responses as adult animals. Displacement efficiency of tailflicks exhibited by the different animals and stages was examined and related to the morphology of the animals. A separate behavior from tailflicking by larval lobsters in response to water jet stimuli was also observed. Here, the abdomen was hyperextended and the thoracic appendages were promoted. We termed this behavior a "starburst" response. The features of the tailflicking behavior suggest that it evolved to make the larvae difficult prey to handle for small, slower moving predators, and possibly to allow them to ride the bow waves of faster moving predators.
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Kumpel BM, Austin EB, Lee D, Jackson DJ, Judson PA, Chapman GE. Comparison of flow cytometric assays with isotopic assays of (51)chromium-labeled cells for estimation of red cell clearance or survival in vivo. Transfusion 2000; 40:228-39. [PMID: 10686008 DOI: 10.1046/j.1537-2995.2000.40020228.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A comparison was made between flow cytometric and conventional radioisotopic assays in the determination of the clearance or survival of small volumes of (51)chromium-labeled D+ red cells after injection into volunteers. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS Four clearance studies were performed using 4 mL of autologous D+ cells coated with anti-D at two concentrations (5 or 10 microg anti-D/mL red cells) transfused to two subjects at separate times. Five survival studies were carried out using 5 mL of frozen-thawed D+ cells transfused to five D- subjects with no detectable anti-D. Sequential blood samples were taken for gamma counting and flow cytometry. Several methods were used to stain the transfused red cells, and the data were analyzed by using three flow cytometers. RESULTS The determination of red cell clearance or survival by radioactivity measurements gave results consistent with published data. However, none of the flow cytometric assays exhibited the necessary sensitivity or accuracy in quantitation of the rare events to provide reliable data for the calculation of the initial clearance rate, the red cell half-life, or the mean cell lifespan, although rough estimates of red cell clearance were obtained in some subjects. This inability to accurately enumerate rare fluorescence-labeled cells was due mainly to the presence of "background" events, which were a considerable problem in some samples, when the coating level of anti-D was less than 3000 molecules of IgG per cell. CONCLUSION Flow cytometry may enable the crude estimation of the percentage of small volumes (<5 mL) of transfused D+ red cells, but in this study it was found that this method was not sufficiently accurate to determine the initial clearance rate, red cell half-life, or mean cell lifespan. If the proportion of transfused cells in the recipient is about 0.2 percent or less, the use of radioisotopes for labeling cells for quantitative in vivo red cell clearance or survival data should remain the method of choice.
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Long EM, Martin HL, Kreiss JK, Rainwater SM, Lavreys L, Jackson DJ, Rakwar J, Mandaliya K, Overbaugh J. Gender differences in HIV-1 diversity at time of infection. Nat Med 2000; 6:71-5. [PMID: 10613827 DOI: 10.1038/71563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
To develop an HIV-1 vaccine with global efficacy, it is important to identify and characterize the viruses that are transmitted, particularly to individuals living in areas of high incidence. Several studies have shown that virus from the blood of acutely infected adults was homogeneous, even when the virus population in the index case was genetically diverse. In contrast to those results with mainly male cohorts in America and Europe, in several cases a heterogeneous virus population has been found early in infection in women in Africa. Thus, we more closely compared the diversity of transmitted HIV-1 in men and women who became infected through heterosexual contact. We found that women from Kenya were often infected by multiple virus variants, whereas men from Kenya were not. Moreover, a heterogeneous virus was present in the women before their seroconversion, and in each woman it was derived from a single index case, indicating that diversity was most likely to be the result of transmission of multiple variants. Our data indicate that there are important differences in the transmitted virus populations in women and men, even when cohorts from the same geographic region who are infected with the same subtypes of HIV-1 are compared.
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Abstract
Outcomes research takes an expansive view of health and seeks to improve the science of evaluating the quality of health care by refining traditional clinical measures and including measures of overall patient well-being. This broader view of health (rather than disease) is especially appropriate in perinatal research. Attention to the perinatal period requires recognition that pregnancy is in most cases a healthy life event, that there is a predictable progression and time course with a key definable outcome (delivery) and that there are two patients, mother and infant. Two issues stand out as methodological challenges in the design and conduct of perinatal outcomes studies. The first is to establish baseline comparability across study groups with regard to case-mix or perinatal risk, and also comparability of services other than the one under study. The second is the refinement of traditional perinatal outcomes, such as low birthweight and Caesarean section, and the inclusion of patient-based health status measures, such as health-related quality of life, for the peripartum woman and her newborn.
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Lavreys L, Rakwar JP, Thompson ML, Jackson DJ, Mandaliya K, Chohan BH, Bwayo JJ, Ndinya-Achola JO, Kreiss JK. Effect of circumcision on incidence of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 and other sexually transmitted diseases: a prospective cohort study of trucking company employees in Kenya. J Infect Dis 1999; 180:330-6. [PMID: 10395846 DOI: 10.1086/314884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
To determine the effect of circumcision status on acquisition of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) type 1 and other sexually transmitted diseases, a prospective cohort study of 746 HIV-1-seronegative trucking company employees was conducted in Mombasa, Kenya. During the course of follow-up, 43 men acquired HIV-1 antibodies, yielding an annual incidence of 3.0%. The annual incidences of genital ulcers and urethritis were 4.2% and 15.5%, respectively. In multivariate analysis, after controlling for demographic and behavioral variables, uncircumcised status was an independent risk factor for HIV-1 infection (hazard rate ratio [HRR=4.0; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.9-8.3) and genital ulcer disease (HRR=2.5; 95% CI, 1.1-5.3). Circumcision status had no effect on the acquisition of urethral infections and genital warts. In this prospective cohort of trucking company employees, uncircumcised status was associated with increased risk of HIV-1 infection and genital ulcer disease, and these effects remained after controlling for potential confounders.
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Jackson DJ, Ngugi EN, Plummer FA, Kirui P, Kariuki C, Ndinya-Achola JO, Bwayo JJ, Moses S. Stable antenatal HIV-1 seroprevalence with high population mobility and marked seroprevalence variation among sentinel sites within Nairobi, Kenya. AIDS 1999; 13:583-9. [PMID: 10203383 DOI: 10.1097/00002030-199904010-00007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To monitor and analyse trends in HIV-1 seroprevalence among antenatal women in Nairobi, Kenya. DESIGN Six sequential surveys were carried out among antenatal clinic attenders at four Nairobi City Council health centres between November 1991 and April 1997. METHODS A total of 6828 women attending for first antenatal clinic visit were administered a standard questionnaire to obtain demographic information and were screened for HIV-1. RESULTS HIV-1 seroprevalence rose from 12.1% in the first survey to 16.2% in the third, completed in October 1993. No rise was observed in subsequent surveys, and seroprevalence among women under the age of 20 declined after the third survey. Significant differences in seroprevalence (P < 0.001) were observed in all survey rounds between women who reported that their province of origin was Nyanza (22.4% overall), compared with those from other provinces in western Kenya (14.1%), and the eastern group of provinces (8.9%). The rise in HIV-1 seroprevalence observed between 1991 and 1993 was almost entirely attributable to the rising seroprevalence among women from Nyanza. There were considerable differences in HIV-1 seroprevalence among the four health centres, partly accounted for by differences in the proportion of clinic attenders from different provinces of origin, which also changed significantly over time. CONCLUSIONS HIV-1 seroprevalence has stabilized in antenatal women attending these health centres in Nairobi, and may be declining among women in the youngest age group. This may reflect stabilization of HIV-1 incidence, but further observation is required. The levels of infection among Nairobi residents reflect the evolution of the HIV epidemic in their provinces of origin, and changing client composition influences HIV-1 seroprevalence at different clinics. HIV sentinel surveillance should be carried out at multiple sites in large urban centres to monitor accurately the evolution of the HIV epidemic and the impact of control efforts in reducing transmission.
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Bhattacharya S, Jackson DJ, Beard CI, Davidson BR. Central venous pressure and its effects on blood loss during liver resection. Br J Surg 1999; 86:282-3. [PMID: 10100807 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2168.1999.0999g.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Martin HL, Nyange PM, Richardson BA, Lavreys L, Mandaliya K, Jackson DJ, Ndinya-Achola JO, Kreiss J. Hormonal contraception, sexually transmitted diseases, and risk of heterosexual transmission of human immunodeficiency virus type 1. J Infect Dis 1998; 178:1053-9. [PMID: 9806034 DOI: 10.1086/515654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 215] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
To examine associations between method of contraception, sexually transmitted diseases (STDs), and incident human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection, a prospective observational cohort study was done among female sex workers attending a municipal STD clinic in Mombasa, Kenya. Demographic and behavioral factors significantly associated with HIV-1 infection included type of workplace, condom use, and parity. In multivariate models, vulvitis, genital ulcer disease, vaginal discharge, and Candida vaginitis were significantly associated with HIV-1 seroconversion. Women who used depo medroxyprogesterone acetate (DMPA) had an increased incidence of HIV-1 infection (hazard ratio [HR], 2.2; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.4-3.4). In a multivariate model controlling for demographic and exposure variables and biologic covariates, the adjusted HR for HIV-1 infection among DMPA users was 2.0 (CI, 1.3-3.1). There was a trend for an association between use of high-dose oral contraceptive pills and HIV-1 acquisition (HR, 2.6; CI, 0.8-8.5).
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Jackson DJ, Kumpel BM. Optimisation of human anti-tetanus toxoid antibody responses and location of human cells in SCID mice transplanted with human peripheral blood leucocytes. Hum Antibodies 1997; 8:181-8. [PMID: 9395920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
A strategy for the production of human antibodies to tetanus toxoid (TT) is described. Human peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) were injected into severe combined immunodeficient (SCID) mice (termed hu-PBL-SCID) and the mice subsequently immunised with purified TT. By using low immunising doses of antigen, PHA activated PBL and PBL from donors who were recently immunised with TT, we established ongoing antibody responses to TT with specific recall IgG responses of up to 22 IU ml-1 in the murine plasma, which was greater than that in the donors' serum. Total IgG concentrations of up to 6 mg ml-1 were detected over a 32 week period. Lower levels of IgM and IgM anti-TT were also detected over this time. Large cellular infiltrations of human CD45+ and CD20+ cells were detected by immunocytochemistry in the mesenteric membranes, mesenteric lymph nodes and the pancreas 5 weeks after PBL were engrafted into a SCID mouse. Human cells were also observed in the lungs, liver, thymus and spleen. Cells isolated from the tissues were cultured with Epstein-Barr virus and the resulting B-cell lines produced Ig in vitro up to 7 weeks, with IgG and IgM anti-TT detected transiently in a culture of cells from the mesenteric membranes.
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Jackson DJ, Rakwar JP, Richardson BA, Mandaliya K, Chohan BH, Bwayo JJ, Ndinya-Achola JO, Martin HL, Moses S, Kreiss JK. Decreased incidence of sexually transmitted diseases among trucking company workers in Kenya: results of a behavioural risk-reduction programme. AIDS 1997; 11:903-9. [PMID: 9189216 DOI: 10.1097/00002030-199707000-00010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To establish a cohort of high-risk individuals suitable for HIV-prevention trials, and to measure changes in sexual behaviour and sexually transmitted disease (STD) incidence after a behavioural intervention. DESIGN Prospective cohort study in trucking company depots in Mombasa, Kenya. PARTICIPANTS A total of 556 male HIV-seronegative employees of trucking companies. INTERVENTIONS HIV serological testing, individual counselling, condom promotion, STD diagnosis and management. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Sexual risk behaviour and symptomatic STD incidence. RESULTS Using time-trend modelling, significant declines in self-reported high-risk sexual behaviour were demonstrated during a 1-year follow-up. The percentage of men reporting any extramarital sex during the 3-month period prior to a follow-up visit decreased from 49% durig the first quarter of follow-up to 36% during the last quarter (P < 0.001). The decline in reported female sex worker contact was from 12% to 6% (P = 0.001). Approximately 30% of men reported consistent condom use during extramarital sex and this percentage remained unchanged during the study period. The incidence of STD declined from 34 per 100 person years (PY) during the first quarter to 10 per 100 PY during the last quarter (P = 0.001). Significant reductions in gonorrhoea (15 to five cases per 100 PY, P = 0.04), non-gonococcal urethritis (10 to two cases per 100 PY, P = 0.05), and genital ulcer disease (nine to two cases per 100 PY, P = 0.02) were observed. CONCLUSIONS Among truck company workers who participated in a cohort study in Mombasa, Kenya, there was a significant decrease in sex with high-risk partners, but no change in condom use. The change in heterosexual risk behaviour was accompanied by a significant decrease in incidence of gonorrhoea, non-gonococcal urethritis, and genital ulcer disease.
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Jackson DJ, Rakwar JP, Chohan B, Mandaliya K, Bwayo JJ, Ndinya-Achola JO, Nagelkerke NJ, Kreiss JK, Moses S. Urethral infection in a workplace population of East African men: evaluation of strategies for screening and management. J Infect Dis 1997; 175:833-8. [PMID: 9086138 DOI: 10.1086/513979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Transport workers (n = 504) in Mombasa, Kenya, were screened for urethral infection by history, clinical examination, and laboratory testing of urethral swabs and first-catch urine specimens. The prevalence of Neisseria gonorrhoeae was 3.4%, Chlamydia trachomatis, 3.6%, and Trichomonas vaginalis, 6.0%; more than two-thirds of infections were asymptomatic. A complaint of urethral discharge, dysuria, or both was twice as sensitive as the sign of discharge on physical examination (34.5% vs. 15.5%) in identifying infection. A positive leukocyte esterase dipstick (LED) test on urine predicted infection with a sensitivity of 95.0% and a specificity of 59.3% in symptomatic men and with a sensitivity of 55.3% and a specificity of 82.8% in asymptomatic men. Demographic and behavioral factors were not independent predictors of infection. In resource-poor settings with high prevalences of urethral infection, an effective screening and management strategy would be to treat symptomatic men, as well as asymptomatic men with a positive LED test, for all three infections.
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Parmet WE, Jackson DJ. No longer disabled: the legal impact of the new social construction of HIV. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF LAW & MEDICINE 1997; 23:7-43. [PMID: 9199731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
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Jackson DJ, Saunders VA, Humphreys AM. Potential chitinase activating factor from yeast cells of Candida albicans. Lett Appl Microbiol 1996; 23:159-62. [PMID: 8862020 DOI: 10.1111/j.1472-765x.1996.tb00054.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Microsomal chitinase from yeast and hyphal cells of Candida albicans was activated endogenously by incubation at 30 degrees C and exogenously by trypsin. The putative activating factor of yeast cells was separated from chitinase activity by fractionation of lysed protoplasts on an Iodixanol density gradient. The vacuole fraction contained no significant chitinase activity, but was enriched in chitinase activating factor. Activity of microsomal chitinase increased upon incubation with this, but no other gradient factor. Results suggest that the regulatory system governing microsomal chitinase activity, like that governing chitin synthase, involves a 'vacuolar' activating factor in Candida albicans.
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