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Tschen EH, Katz HI, Jones TM, Monroe EW, Kraus SJ, Connolly MA, Levy SF. A combination benzoyl peroxide and clindamycin topical gel compared with benzoyl peroxide, clindamycin phosphate, and vehicle in the treatment of acne vulgaris. Cutis 2001; 67:165-9. [PMID: 11236229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/19/2023]
Abstract
A topical gel combining 5% benzoyl peroxide and 1% clindamycin as phosphate was evaluated in a 10-week randomized double-blind trial involving 287 patients with moderate to moderately severe acne. The combination agent demonstrated significantly greater reductions in inflammatory lesions than either of its active constituents (5% benzoyl peroxide and 1% clindamycin) or vehicle when used alone. Significantly greater reductions in comedos and improvements, as measured by both physicians' and patients' global evaluations, were obtained with the combination agent than with clindamycin or vehicle. The reduction in comedos and the global improvements were similar between the combination agent and benzoyl peroxide. The combination agent was well tolerated; the incidence of dry skin was similar to that found with benzoyl peroxide, and other adverse events were similar to that with vehicle. The improved efficacy obtained with combination therapy was accompanied by a safety profile similar to that of either constituent used alone.
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Jones TM. Reasons for inadequate health care vary. BMJ (CLINICAL RESEARCH ED.) 2000; 321:1159-60. [PMID: 11061752 PMCID: PMC1118920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
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Abstract
Despite limited evidence validating its efficacy, surgery to overcome snoring is commonly undertaken. This article looks at the development of snoring surgery to present day, highlighting its limitations and outlining current methods being used to target the surgery more effectively.
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Jones TM, Balmford A, Quinnell RJ. Adaptive female choice for middle-aged mates in a lekking sandfly. Proc Biol Sci 2000; 267:681-6. [PMID: 10821613 PMCID: PMC1690592 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2000.1056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Most theoretical models of age-related mate choice predict that females should prefer older males because they have proven survival ability. An alternative view is that older males represent inferior mates because of negative genetic correlations between early and late fitness components, or because older males have traded off longevity against other fitness components, have accumulated deleterious germ-line mutations, or are less well adapted to current conditions than more recently born individuals. While numerous studies have reported female choice for older males, few have explicitly examined the fitness consequences of such a preference. We present evidence from a lekking sandfly, Lutzomyia longipalpis, showing that choosy females discriminate against older males and gain a fitness benefit from their choice. When permitted free choice from an aggregation consisting of males aged zero to two days (young), four to six days (middle-aged) and eight to ten days (old), females preferentially mated with middle-aged males, but all measures of female reproductive success were independent of male age. In contrast, when a second set of females was randomly assigned single virgin males of known age, the eggs of those paired to old mates exhibited lower hatching success than the eggs of females mated to young or middle-aged males. These results suggest that females avoid mating with older males because they represent poorer quality mates. Age-related differences in male quality may have a genetic basis, but could equally well arise through a phenotypic decline in sperm quality or sperm transfer ability with male age. The lack of evidence of female discrimination against older males from other studies may be because these did not explore the reproductive success of the full age range of males.
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Nandapalan V, Currey M, Jones TM. A modified spacer device for inhalational drug therapy for chronic bronchitis/asthma in laryngectomised patients. CLINICAL OTOLARYNGOLOGY AND ALLIED SCIENCES 2000; 25:118-9. [PMID: 10816214 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2273.2000.00324.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Following total laryngectomy, patients who need to continue their inhalational drug therapy for chronic pulmonary conditions experience a great deal of difficulty in administering the drugs. We describe a new spacer device to deliver inhalational drug therapy to laryngectomized patients which is simple to use and does not interfere with the patient's life style. The device involves a standard metered dose inhaler, a paediatric face mask and a small volume spacer. This device was used successfully in six laryngectomised patients for 12-18 months, who needed to continue their inhalational drug therapy for their pulmonary condition.
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Nandapalan V, McCormick MS, Jones TM, Gibson H. Does adenotonsillectomy cure hypoxaemia in children with sleep apnoea and congenital cardiac pathology? Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol 1999; 50:55-62. [PMID: 10596888 DOI: 10.1016/s0165-5876(99)00203-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Adenotonsillectomy usually cures obstructive sleep apnoea in otherwise healthy children. When children, with congenital cardiac pathology, suffer sleep hypoxaemia following their corrective cardiac surgery, they are referred to an otolaryngologist for adenotonsillectomy. Hardly any studies have been published to show how effective this operation is for these children. OBJECTIVE To determine whether adenotonsillectomy significantly improves hypoxaemia in children with congenital cardiac pathology following corrective cardiac surgery. METHODS Thirty children with sleep apnoea (aged 2-8 years) were recruited. Fifteen children with congenital cardiac pathology (Gp I) and 15 children who were otherwise healthy (Gp II). All children were assessed pre-operatively and at 1 and 3 months post-operatively with transcutaneous oxygen saturation monitoring. Tonsillar size, base oxygen saturation level, apnoeic episodes and snoring were recorded. Sleep apnoea and snoring was graded on a 5 point scale from I (no apnoea/snoring) to V (severe apnoea and snoring). RESULTS All children had an initial sleep grade of IV or V. Tonsillar size did not appear to be a significant factor on sleep grade in Gp I and Gp II. The median base line oxygen saturation was 88 and 93%, respectively in Gp I and II pre-operatively and improved to 90.1 and 99.2%, post-operatively. Following surgery, snoring and sleep apnoea disappeared in group II. In group I, there was significant reduction in the number of apnoeic episodes at 3 months, but the majority of children were still snoring with hypoxaemic episodes. CONCLUSION This study shows that adenotonsillectomy significantly reduces the apnoeic episodes in children with cardiac pathology but does not abolish it. At 3 months after surgery there was significant overall improvement in the baseline oxygen saturation.
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Jones TM, Nandapalan V. Manipulation of the fractured nose: a comparison of local infiltration anaesthesia and topical local anaesthesia. CLINICAL OTOLARYNGOLOGY AND ALLIED SCIENCES 1999; 24:443-6. [PMID: 10542928 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2273.1999.00290.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Reduction of simple nasal fractures under local anaesthetic is now an accepted practice. The anaesthetic is usually administered using an external percutaneous approach, coupled with topical intranasal cocaine. Topical local anaesthetic with intranasal cocaine is an alternative method. Fifty-four adult patients with simple displaced nasal fractures were randomised to three different groups prior to fracture reduction in the outpatient department. Group A received external local infiltration, Group B received topical EMLA cream whilst Group C received topical AMETOP gel. All patients received topical intranasal cocaine. The cosmetic result and airway patency were comparable in all groups. However, patients in group A perceived the procedure as significantly more painful than the patients of groups B and C. Despite the increased procedure time, we recommend topical anaesthesia as the method of choice to reduce simple nasal fractures in the outpatient department. It offers a similar outcome, whilst being significantly less painful than external infiltration.
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Schwartz JI, Chan CC, Mukhopadhyay S, McBride KJ, Jones TM, Adcock S, Moritz C, Hedges J, Grasing K, Dobratz D, Cohen RA, Davidson MH, Bachmann KA, Gertz BJ. Cyclooxygenase-2 inhibition by rofecoxib reverses naturally occurring fever in humans. Clin Pharmacol Ther 1999; 65:653-60. [PMID: 10391671 DOI: 10.1016/s0009-9236(99)90087-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Cyclooxygenase (COX) exists as constitutive (COX-1) and inducible (COX-2) isoforms. Nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) such as ibuprofen and diclofenac inhibit both COX-1 and COX-2. The role of COX-2 in the genesis of fever in monkeys and humans was examined with use of the specific COX-2 inhibitor rofecoxib. Rofecoxib was administered to monkeys made febrile by 6 microg/kg intravenous lipopolysaccharide. Induced pyrexia was followed by oral rofecoxib (1 or 3 mg/kg), diclofenac (3 mg/kg), or vehicle. Rofecoxib and diclofenac rapidly reversed the elevated temperature (P < .05 versus vehicle for 3 mg/kg rofecoxib and diclofenac at 70 to 90 minutes after dosing). A single-dose, parallel-group, double-blind randomized trial was conducted in 94 patients with fever caused by a viral-type illness. Mean baseline temperature was similar for all groups (-38.5 degrees C). Patients received oral doses of 12.5 mg rofecoxib, 25 mg rofecoxib, 400 mg ibuprofen, or placebo and the mean +/- SE change in oral temperature at 4 hours after dosing was -0.97 degrees C +/- 0.11 degrees C, -1.19 degrees C +/- 0.09 degrees C, -1.20 degrees C +/- 0.11 degrees C, and 0.01 C +/- 0.17 C, respectively (P < .001 for active treatments versus placebo). Specific inhibition of COX-2 by rofecoxib results in antipyretic activity in monkeys and humans comparable to dual COX-1/COX-2 inhibitors such as diclofenac or ibuprofen. The data support the hypothesis that it is the COX-2 isoform that is primarily involved in the genesis of fever in humans.
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Donovan CJ, Jones TM. Risk management strategies for assisted living facilities. BALANCE (ALEXANDRIA, VA.) 1999; 3:21-3. [PMID: 10346524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
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Adelglass J, Jones TM, Ruoff G, Kahn JB, Wiesinger BA, Rielly-Gauvin K, Siu CO. A multicenter, investigator-blinded, randomized comparison of oral levofloxacin and oral clarithromycin in the treatment of acute bacterial sinusitis. Pharmacotherapy 1998; 18:1255-63. [PMID: 9855324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
A multicenter, investigator-blinded, randomized, parallel-group study was conducted to compare oral levofloxacin 500 mg once/day for 14 days with clarithromycin 500 mg twice/day for 14 days in the treatment of acute bacterial sinusitis. Of 216 adult outpatients randomized to treatment, 190 were evaluable for efficacy. The primary efficacy measure was clinical response, based on resolution of signs and symptoms 2-5 days after therapy. A secondary efficacy measure was relapse rate 1 month after therapy. Among evaluable patients, clinical success rates (cured or improved) were 96.0% and 93.3% for levofloxacin (L) and clarithromycin (C), respectively (95% CI -9.2%, 3.7%). The confidence interval (CI) for treatment difference (C-L) included zero and its upper limit was less than 15%, indicating that levofloxacin was as effective as clarithromycin. In all, 4.1% of patients receiving levofloxacin and 7.2% receiving clarithromycin had a relapse of symptoms 1 month after therapy (95% CI-12.2%, 3.2%). Long-term success (initial success, absence of relapse at 1 month, no further antibacterial therapy 2-5 days after therapy) was 79.2% in the levofloxacin group and 76.4% in the clarithromycin group (95% CI -14.7%, 9.0%). Based on investigator-assessed treatment-emergent adverse events, overall tolerability of the drugs was similar, except for a higher frequency of taste perversion and diarrhea in the clarithromycin group. Levofloxacin had an advantage over clarithromycin based on two quality-of-life (QOL) parameters: number of times taking other drugs for targeted medical conditions and mean total cost of these drugs. No statistical significance was found in other QOL variables. These findings suggest that the efficacy and tolerability of levofloxacin 500 mg once/day are comparable with those of clarithromycin 500 mg twice/day in the treatment of acute bacterial sinusitis.
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Abstract
There is increasing evidence to suggest that pheromone-mediated communication may play an important role in mate choice in many insects. We investigated the possible role of pheromones in mate choice in the lekking sandfly, Lutzomyia longipalpis, and explored whether males or females display any behavioural traits that predict patterns of male mating success. Pairs of virgin males were introduced into a small mating chamber and allowed to interact for approximately 10 min prior to the introduction of a single virgin female. The trial continued until the female copulated with one of the males. We recorded trials on video for later analysis. After a successful copulation, we determined the quantity of pheromone remaining in the glands of both males and measured the size of the pheromone glands and tergites. We corrected behaviours and measurements for body size (tergite width). Mated males had significantly more pheromone present in their glands after a trial than unmated males. Males differed in how much time they invested in wing fanning. Members of each pair of males spent similar amounts of time wing fanning but mated males and males with more residual pheromone spent more time wing fanning than their counterparts throughout the trial. The time spent wing fanning and the amount of residual pheromone were not correlated, however. A male's ability to win fights did not relate to his reproductive success. Finally, a female was equally likely to wing-fan directly at, or walk away from, either male in a given pair. The possible relationships between the amount of pheromone released and the residual pheromones left in the glands, and the level of male wing fanning and pheromone productivity, are discussed. Copyright 1998 The Association for the Study of Animal Behaviour.
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Jones TM, Luke LC. Life threatening airway obstruction: a hazard of concealed eating disorders. J Accid Emerg Med 1998; 15:332-3. [PMID: 9785163 PMCID: PMC1343177 DOI: 10.1136/emj.15.5.332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
The ingestion of unusual objects is not uncommon in florid mental illness. Less common is the accidental ingestion of a foreign body which has been used to induce vomiting. A case is reported of complete dysphagia that resulted from impaction of a plastic fork in the hypopharynx. The patient had been attempting to induce vomiting and, as a result of the presentation, was found to be suffering from a previously concealed eating disorder (bulimia). Self induced vomiting is one criterion for the diagnosis of bulimia and a review of the literature indicates that accidental ingestion of large foreign bodies is an increasingly familiar hazard of occult bulimia.
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Nandapalan V, Jones TM, Morar P, Clark AH, Jones AS. Localized amyloidosis of the parotid gland: a case report and review of the localized amyloidosis of the head and neck. Head Neck 1998; 20:73-8. [PMID: 9464956 DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1097-0347(199801)20:1<73::aid-hed12>3.0.co;2-q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Localized amyloidosis in the head and neck is a rare and benign process. METHODS We present the first case report in the literature of localized amyloidosis of the parotid glands and also comprehensively review the literature regarding localized amyloidosis of the head and neck. RESULTS Amyloidosis affecting the head and neck region is uncommon and is mostly in the form of localized amyloidosis. Larynx is the commonest site of involvement and accounts for 0.2% to 0.5% of benign laryngeal tumors. Laryngeal involvement could be either diffuse subepithelial deposition or discrete tumor nodules. Although localized amyloidosis occurs much more frequently in the oral cavity and pharynx, only seven cases of nasopharyngeal amyloidosis and eight cases of nasal septum amyloidosis have been reported. There is no documentation to suggest that localized amyloidosis can progress to systemic amyloidosis. Local surgical excision is the treatment of choice for laryngeal amyloidosis and laser excision is probably the best. CONCLUSION While localized amyloidosis of the head and neck region is rare, it should be recognized, understood, evaluated, and properly treated.
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Redmond GP, Olson WH, Lippman JS, Kafrissen ME, Jones TM, Jorizzo JL. Norgestimate and ethinyl estradiol in the treatment of acne vulgaris: a randomized, placebo-controlled trial. Obstet Gynecol 1997; 89:615-22. [PMID: 9083323 DOI: 10.1016/s0029-7844(97)00059-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 169] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the efficacy of a triphasic, combination oral contraceptive (OC), (norgestimate-ethinyl estradiol), in comparison with placebo in the treatment of moderate acne vulgaris. METHODS Two hundred fifty women were enrolled in a multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial to evaluate the effectiveness of norgestimate-ethinyl estradiol in the treatment of acne vulgaris. Subjects were 15-49 years old and had moderate acne vulgaris. Each month for 6 months, subjects received either 3 consecutive weeks of active OC treatment followed by 1 week of inactive drug, or 4 consecutive weeks of color-matched placebo tablets. Efficacy was assessed by facial acne lesion counts, the investigator's global assessment, and the subject's self-assessment. Hormone levels were also measured. RESULTS Despite the large placebo effect inherent in an acne trial (due to, for example, careful skin care, frequent office visits, regression to the mean), of the 164 subjects who completed the study without major protocol deviations, the OC group was significantly better than the placebo group for all primary efficacy measures: inflammatory lesions (mean reduction, 51.4% compared to 34.6%; P = .01), total lesions (mean reduction, 46.4% compared to 33.9%; P = .001); investigator's global assessment (83.3% compared to 62.5%; P = .001). Free testosterone decreased significantly and sex hormone-binding globulin increased significantly in the OC group, but remained unchanged in the placebo group. CONCLUSION A triphasic combination of norgestimate and ethinyl estradiol is an effective treatment for moderate acne vulgaris in women with no known contraindication to OC therapy.
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Jones TM, Temple RH, Morar P, Roland NJ, Rogers JH. General practitioner consultations after a paediatric tonsillectomy. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol 1997; 39:97-102. [PMID: 9104617 DOI: 10.1016/s0165-5876(96)01459-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
General Practitioner (GP) consultations were audited in paediatric patients who have undergone an elective tonsillectomy on our unit over a 6 month period. As there is no formal follow-up, it is the department's practice to discuss with the patients the problems to expect following the operation. This is reinforced with a tonsillectomy advice sheet. An initial audit of GP consultations was performed by a telephone survey of the relevant GP. This revealed an attendance rate of 41%. Following the implementation of a change in management (chewing gum was added to the post operative care instructions) a subsequent audit of 91 children was performed. A marked reduction in the GP attendance was observed. We now routinely recommend the use of chewing gum in the post-operative period after tonsillectomy to our patients.
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Lesher JL, Babel DE, Stewart DM, Jones TM, Kaminester L, Goldman M, Weintraub JS. Butenafine 1% cream in the treatment of tinea cruris: a multicenter, vehicle-controlled, double-blind trial. J Am Acad Dermatol 1997; 36:S20-4. [PMID: 9039201 DOI: 10.1016/s0190-9622(97)70318-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Butenafine hydrochloride, a potent antifungal agent related to the allylamines, has been used in Japan for treating various cutaneous mycoses including tinea cruris. OBJECTIVE We compared the safety and efficacy of butenafine hydrochloride and its vehicle when used once daily for 2 weeks to treat tinea cruris. METHODS Patients (n = 93) with tinea cruris and a positive potassium hydroxide examination and mycologic culture were enrolled. Of the 76 patients assessed for efficacy, 37 applied butenafine and 39 applied vehicle once daily for 2 weeks. Assessments were made at the end of the 2-week treatment period and 4 weeks after the end of treatment. RESULTS Patients in the butenafine group had a higher mycologic cure rate by day 7 (66% vs 13%, p < 0.0001), with marked improvement 4 weeks after the end of treatment (81% vs 13%, p < 0.0001). They also had a higher rate of effective treatment at day 7 (29% vs 5%, p < 0.01) and at 4 weeks after treatment (73% vs 5%, p < 0.0001). Adverse events definitely related to butenafine treatment were limited to one case of burning sensation after application. CONCLUSION Butenafine applied once daily for 2 weeks is effective in treating tinea cruris. The proportion of patients cured increased between the end of treatment and 4 weeks after treatment.
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Jones TM, Owen GO, Morar P. Spontaneous retropharyngeal haematoma attributable to Epstein-Barr virus infection. J Laryngol Otol 1996; 110:1075-7. [PMID: 8944887 DOI: 10.1017/s0022215100135790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Life-threatening sequelae of Epstein-Barr virus infection are uncommon but may present as: local pharyngeal manifestations, splenic rupture, neurological and haematological disorders and altered hepatic function. We present a case of retropharyngeal haematoma with posterior hypopharyngeal wall necrosis, thrombocytopenia and altered clotting function as a result of Epstein-Barr virus infection. A review of the literature on retropharyngeal haematoma reveals this to be the only recorded case which can be directly attributed to Epstein-Barr virus infection.
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Fabian VA, Jones TM, Wilton SD, Dench JE, Davis MR, Lim L, Kakulas BA. Alzheimer's disease and apolipoprotein E genotype in Western Australia: an autopsy-verified series. Med J Aust 1996; 165:77-80. [PMID: 8692066 DOI: 10.5694/j.1326-5377.1996.tb124852.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the relationship between the apolipoprotein E epsilon 4 allele and autopsy-verified Alzheimer's disease (AD) in an Australian population. DESIGN Retrospective case-control study. SETTING Royal Perth Hospital, Perth, Western Australia (a tertiary referral hospital). SUBJECTS 50 subjects with "definite" AD (according to the histological and clinical criteria of the Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer's Disease [CERAD]) and 30 control subjects who had died from a non-neurological disease were randomly selected from the hospital's neuropathology register. OUTCOME MEASURES Histological grading of brain sections stained with the modified Bielschowsky stain according to the criteria of CERAD; number (burden) of neuritic plaques; apolipoprotein E genotype (APOE). RESULTS Frequency of the epsilon 4 allele was significantly higher in the AD group (37%) than in the control group (2%) (chi 2 = 25.8; P < 0.00001). In the AD group, 50% of subjects were heterozygous for the epsilon 4 allele and 12% were homozygous, while in the control group one subject was heterozygous for the allele and none were homozygous. No association was seen between the epsilon 4 allele and neuritic plaque burden in the hippocampus, entorhinal cortex, middle frontal gyrus or inferior parietal lobule in subjects with AD. CONCLUSIONS Our findings confirm an association between the epsilon 4 allele and autopsy-verified AD. The epsilon 4 allele may be an important risk factor for susceptibility to AD in the general Australian population.
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Hudiburg RA, Ahrens PK, Jones TM. Psychology of computer use: XXXI. Relating computer users' stress, daily hassles, somatic complaints, and anxiety. Psychol Rep 1994; 75:1183-6. [PMID: 7892380 DOI: 10.2466/pr0.1994.75.3.1183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The relation of computer users' stress, measured by the Computer Hassles Scale, and global stress, measured by the Daily Hassles Scale, with stress reactions, measured by the somatization-anxiety items of the SCL-90, was investigated in a college sample (N = 101). Computer hassles ratings were correlated .54 with daily hassles ratings and .57 with somatization-anxiety ratings. Daily hassles ratings were correlated .74 with somatization-anxiety ratings. These results provide important evidence on convergent validity for the Computer Hassles Scale as a measure of computer users' stress.
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Kruper JA, Lavenant MG, Maskay MH, Jones TM. Building Internet accessible medical education software using the World Wide Web. PROCEEDINGS. SYMPOSIUM ON COMPUTER APPLICATIONS IN MEDICAL CARE 1994:32-6. [PMID: 7949942 PMCID: PMC2247761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
We describe work to enhance existing software protocols and develop a suite of new software utilities based upon a set of standards known as the World Wide Web (WWW). Specifically, we have developed an effective X-windows based WYSIWYG WWW browser/editor and a prototype for integrated wide-area authentication and authorization support for delivery and maintenance of WWW service. These software development activities, along with parallel work in content development, are empowering individuals to better use the Internet as a resource to easily author, publish, and access materials. As an illustrative application, we describe one Web-based self-instructional unit designed to increase users' knowledge of hazardous substances in the environment. This on-line monograph was adapted from a series of paper-based case studies developed by the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry of the U.S. Department of Health & Human Services. The on-line version illustrates many of the innovative features provided by the Web, and demonstrates how such materials can significantly impact medical education at all levels.
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Stalker HT, Phillips TD, Murphy JP, Jones TM. Variation of isozyme patterns among Arachis species. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 1994; 87:746-55. [PMID: 24190419 DOI: 10.1007/bf00222901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/1992] [Accepted: 06/16/1993] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
The genus Arachis contains a large number of species and undescribed taxa with patterns of genetic variation that are little understood. The objectives of this investigation were to estimate genetic diversity among species of Arachis by utilizing electrophoretic techniques and to establish the potential for use of isozymes as markers for germplasm introgression. One-hundred-and-thirteen accessions representing six of the seven sections of the genus were analyzed for isozyme variation of 17 enzymes. Section Rhizomatosae species were not included because they produce very few seeds. Seeds were macerated and the crude extract was used for starch-gel electrophoretic analyses. Although the cultivated species has few polymorphic isozymes, the diploid species are highly variable and two-to-six bands were observed for each isozyme among accessions. Because of the large number of isozyme differences between A. hypogaea and A. batizocoi (the presumed donor of the B genome), this species can no longer be considered as a progenitor of the cultivated peanut. Seed-to-seed polymorphisms within many accessions were also observed which indicate that germplasm should be maintained as bulk seed lots, representative of many individuals, or as lines from individual plants from original field collections. The area of greatest interspecific genetic diversity was in Mato Grosso, Brazil; however, the probability of finding unique alleles from those observed in A. hypogaea was greatest in north, north-central, south and southeast Brazil. The large number of polymorphic loci should be useful as genetic markers for interspecific hybridization studies.
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Barbas CF, Amberg W, Simoncsits A, Jones TM, Lerner RA. Selection of human anti-hapten antibodies from semisynthetic libraries. Gene 1993; 137:57-62. [PMID: 8282201 DOI: 10.1016/0378-1119(93)90251-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Semisynthetic human Fab libraries were constructed, displayed on the surface of filamentous phage and selected for binding to three hapten conjugates. A number of Fabs were isolated and characterized with respect to affinity and specificity. Fabs exhibited affinities of between 80 and 29 nM, as determined by surface plasmon resonance, for the conjugate on which they were selected. Conservation of Asp101 in the third heavy-chain complementarity determining region (HCDR3) appears to be important in the construction of synthetically diverse repertoires.
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Hudiburg RA, Brown SR, Jones TM. Psychology of computer use: XXIX. Measuring computer users' stress: the Computer Hassles Scale. Psychol Rep 1993; 73:923-9. [PMID: 8302995 DOI: 10.2466/pr0.1993.73.3.923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Measurement of computer users' stress was based on the Computer Hassles Scale. 65 questionnaires were returned from 113 mailed to users of accounting information systems who worked for manufacturing companies. Correlations were calculated for the total sample and subsamples divided by gender. The analysis indicated that persons with college degrees experienced greater computer users' stress than those who were without. Those persons who reported more computer hassles experienced more somatic complaints which indicated that the computer hassles were stressful. There were no significant mean differences between women and men on computer hassles or somatic complaints. The correlations of computer hassles with somatic complaints differed by gender. Women's computer hassles were significantly correlated .61 with somatic complaints, but men's computer hassles were not significantly correlated (r = .18) with somatic complaints. The gender differences suggest that there is a complex relationship between stressors (computer hassles) and stress reactions (somatic complaints).
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Barbas CF, Collet TA, Amberg W, Roben P, Binley JM, Hoekstra D, Cababa D, Jones TM, Williamson RA, Pilkington GR. Molecular profile of an antibody response to HIV-1 as probed by combinatorial libraries. J Mol Biol 1993; 230:812-23. [PMID: 8478936 DOI: 10.1006/jmbi.1993.1203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 176] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
A large number (33) of human Fab fragments reacting with HIV-1 surface glycoprotein gp120 have been generated by selection from a combinatorial IgG1 kappa library displayed on the surface of phage. The library was prepared from a long term asymptomatic HIV-seropositive donor. Analysis of the sequences from these Fabs shows the heavy chains can be placed in groups, many of which contain intraclonal variants, almost certainly corresponding to chains used in vivo. Further variants can be accessed via chain shuffling experiments in which a given light chain is recombined with a library of heavy chains. Heavy chain promiscuity, i.e. the ability of heavy chains to pair with different light chains with retention of antigen binding, is dependent on the particular heavy chain considered and probably excludes the identification of in vivo light chain partners. The antibodies examined here are primarily to the CD4 binding site on gp120 and broadly reflect the serum profile of the donor. The antibodies show evidence of extensive somatic modification indicative of an antigen-driven response. The heavy chain CDR3 regions of the antibodies show a remarkably conserved extended length. A number also show strong sequence conservation in CDR3 against a background of considerable diversity in the rest of the VH gene supporting a central role for this region in antigen recognition.
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