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Negro F, Forton D, Craxì A, Sulkowski MS, Feld JJ, Manns MP. Extrahepatic morbidity and mortality of chronic hepatitis C. Gastroenterology 2015; 149:1345-60. [PMID: 26319013 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2015.08.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 262] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2014] [Revised: 08/14/2015] [Accepted: 08/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is associated with several extrahepatic manifestations. Patients with HCV may develop mixed cryoglobulinemia and its sequelae, ranging from cutaneous and visceral vasculitis to glomerulonephritis and B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma. HCV-infected patients have increased rates of insulin resistance, diabetes, and atherosclerosis, which may lead to increased cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Neurological manifestations of HCV infection include fatigue and cognitive impairment. The mechanisms causing the extrahepatic effects of HCV infection are likely multifactorial and may include endocrine effects, HCV replication in extrahepatic cells, or a heightened immune reaction with systemic effects. Successful eradication of HCV with interferon alfa and ribavirin was shown to improve some of these extrahepatic effects; sustained virological response is associated with resolution of complications of cryoglobulinemia, reduced levels of insulin resistance, reduced incidence of diabetes and stroke, and improved fatigue and cognitive functioning. The availability of new interferon-free, well-tolerated anti-HCV treatment regimens is broadening the spectrum of patients available for therapy, including those in whom interferon was contraindicated, and will likely result in greater improvements in the extrahepatic manifestations of HCV. If these regimens are shown to confer significant benefit in the metabolic, cardiovascular, or neuropsychiatric conditions associated with HCV infection, extrahepatic manifestations of HCV may become a major indication for treatment even in the absence of liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Negro
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology and Division of Clinical Pathology, University Hospital, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Daniel Forton
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, St George's Hospital, London, England
| | - Antonio Craxì
- Gastroenterology and Internal Medicine, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Mark S Sulkowski
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Jordan J Feld
- Toronto Centre for Liver Disease, Sandra Rotman Centre for Global Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Michael P Manns
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endocrinology, Medical School of Hannover, Hannover, Germany.
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Rashidi Pour Fard N, Karimi M, Baghaei MH, Haghighatdoost F, Rouhani MH, Esmaillzadeh A, Azadbakht L. Dairy consumption, cardiovascular risk factors and inflammation in elderly subjects. ARYA Atheroscler 2015; 11:323-31. [PMID: 26862340 PMCID: PMC4738042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous epidemiological studies of dairy product consumption and health outcomes have reported mixed findings. Despite increasing in life expectancy, scarce data are available in this field in elderly individuals. We tested the hypothesis that greater dairy intake is associated with lower high sensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) level and better lipid profile and glycemic control. METHODS This cross-sectional study was undertaken on 107 elderly individuals who aged 60-78 years. Usual dietary intakes were assessed by means of a validated food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). Anthropometric measures and biochemical markers were determined using standard protocols. RESULTS The reported mean ± standard deviation (SD) of daily intake of dairy products and age were 588.02 ± 418.88 g/d and 63.22 ± 6.92 years, respectively. After control for demographic characteristics and dietary intakes, dairy consumption was not significantly related to the increased risk of insulin resistance [Odds ratio (OR): 2.19, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.54, 8.86; P = 0.520] and elevated hs-CRP (OR: 1.54, 95% CI: 0.37, 6.35; P = 0.550). Participants in the top tertile of dairy had greater, but statistically not a significant risk of elevated triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C). No significant relations were seen for hs-CRP, insulin resistance and lipid profile across tertiles of dairy products. CONCLUSION In this elderly population, total dairy consumption was not associated with inflammatory biomarkers levels and other cardiometabolic risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Majid Karimi
- Shahid Motahari Hospital, Fooladshahr, Isfahan, Iran
| | | | - Fahimeh Haghighatdoost
- Food Security Research Center AND Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hossein Rouhani
- Food Security Research Center AND Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Ahmad Esmaillzadeh
- Food Security Research Center AND Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan AND Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Leila Azadbakht
- Food Security Research Center AND Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan AND Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran,Correspondence to: Leila Azadbakht,
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153
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Bosch TA, Dengel DR, Ryder JR, Kelly AS, Chow L. Fitness Level is Associated with Sex-Specific Regional Fat Differences in Normal Weight Young Adults. J Endocrinol Diabetes 2015; 2:5. [PMID: 27054196 PMCID: PMC4819974 DOI: 10.15226/2374-6890/2/3/00122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To characterize regional body composition and insulin sensitivity differences between young adults who were normal weight with either high or low fitness determined by VO2 peak. We hypothesized that higher fitness levels would be associated with reduced visceral fat (VAT) and improved insulin sensitivity. DESIGN A cross-sectional comparison of normal weight males and females with high or low fitness matched on age and sex. METHODS A total of 38 (20M/18F) individuals were recruited for this study. Thirty-two young adults (18M/14F) were matched on age (mean 22.5 ± 3 yrs.) and BMI (22.4 ± 2.4 kg/m2) and sex and classified by high or low fitness based on VO2 peak difference (≥ 8ml/kg/min). Total and regional body composition, including VAT, was measured by Dual Energy X-Ray Absorptiometry (DXA). Insulin sensitivity was measured by hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp. An analysis of variance compared regional body composition and insulin sensitivity between high and low fitness young adults with a normal BMI. RESULTS Higher fitness was associated with significantly lower percent body fat, lower android fat mass and higher insulin sensitivity in males (-7.2%, P<0.001; -0.5kg, P=0.048; 5.6mg/kg (FFM)/min, p=0.002). In females, higher fitness was associated with significantly lower percent body fat, lower leg fat but no difference in insulin sensitivity (-6.7%, P=0.001; -2.7kg, P<0.001; 2.5 mg/kg(FFM)/min, P=0.40). No differences in VAT were observed between high and low fitness groups. Interestingly in females, there was no difference in total lean mass, trunk lean mass or leg lean mass (P=0.59, P=0.17, P=0.99). CONCLUSION Higher fitness does not influence VAT in normal weight individuals. Sex influenced regional fat and insulin sensitivity differences between high fitness and low fitness groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyler A. Bosch
- Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Donald R. Dengel
- School of Kinesiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Justin R. Ryder
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
- Division of Epidemiology & Community Health, University of Minnesota School of Public Health, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Aaron S. Kelly
- Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Lisa Chow
- Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
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154
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Farooq W, Farwa U, Khan FR. The metabolic syndrome and inflammation:
role of insulin resistance and increased adiposity. Oman Med J 2015; 30:100-3. [PMID: 25960834 DOI: 10.5001/omj.2015.22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2014] [Accepted: 03/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We sought to determine the role of obesity and insulin resistance (IR) in the pathogenesis of inflammation in metabolic syndrome (MetS). METHODS Our study included 100 patients with MetS and 100 age and gender matched control patients who attended a tertiary care laboratory in Rawalpindi, Pakistan. Anthropometric data was obtained including height and weight to calculate body mass index. A record of patient's blood pressure (BP), waist circumference (WC) and hip circumference (HC) was made. Biochemical analysis included measurements of fasting glucose, triglycerides (TG), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c), insulin, and high-sensitivity C reactive protein (hsCRP). IR was determined by the homeostasis mode assessment insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) method. RESULTS The levels of hs-CRP were found to be elevated in all patients with MetS where it correlated significantly with all its components including measures of obesity, fasting insulin and glucose levels, IR, TG and HDL-c. However, on linear regression analysis only WC, fasting insulin, and HOMA-IR remained significantly correlated with hs-CRP. CONCLUSION MetS is a condition characterized by chronic low-grade inflammation, which arises because of increased abdominal adiposity and IR. Large multicenter studies are needed to gain insight into its pathogenesis and derive treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wajiha Farooq
- Department of Pathology, Yusra Medical and Dental College, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Umme Farwa
- Department of Pathology, Yusra Medical and Dental College, Islamabad, Pakistan
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155
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Ahmed MB, Ismail MIA, Meki ARM. Relation of Osteoprotegerin, Visfatin and Ghrelin to Metabolic Syndrome in Type 2 Diabetic Patients. Int J Health Sci (Qassim) 2015; 9:127-139. [PMID: 26309431 PMCID: PMC4538889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND It is now realized that insulin resistance plays a principal role in initiating the pathologic manifestations of the metabolic syndrome (MetS). OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to assess the possible role of osteoprotegerin, visfatin and ghrelin in the pathogenesis of MetS among type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). DESIGN AND METHODS Serum blood samples were obtained from 116 subjects (39 T2DM; 48 T2DM with MetS; 29 healthy controls). Glycemic status and lipid profile were assessed by enzymatic method. Osteoprotegerin, visfatin, ghrelin and insulin were measured by ELISA method. RESULTS Osteoprotegerin and visfatin were significantly higher, while ghrelin was significantly lower in diabetic patients compared to healthy control group (p<0.05). Moreover, Osteoprotegerin and visfatin showed significant higher levels in T2DM patients with MetS than those without MetS (p<0.05). The best cut-off values for the investigated markers were determined by ROC curve. Osteoprotegerin (1.06 ng/mL), visfatin (32.27 ng/mL) and ghrelin (33.65 pg/mL) presented sensitivity of 76%, 92% and 39.1%; respectively and specificity of 41%, 69.2% and 62.9%; respectively, in predicting MetS among T2DM. Among the investigated parameters, Visfatin was the one which predicts MetS among diabetic patients [AUC=0.88, p<0.05]. CONCLUSION Osteoprotegerin, visfatin and ghrelin might be implicated in the pathogenesis of diabetes. Moreover, osteoprotegerin and visfatin may have additional potential role in the development of the metabolic syndrome. Visfatin was superior among studied parameters in predicting MetS among T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manal Basyouni Ahmed
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Qassim University, KSA, Permanent address: Medical Biochemistry Dept., Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University Cairo, Egypt
| | - Maha Imam Ahmed Ismail
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Qassim University, KSA, Permanent address: Medical Biochemistry Dept., Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University Cairo, Egypt
| | - Abdel-Raheim M. Meki
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Assuit University, Assuit, Egypt
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156
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Souto Padron de Figueiredo A, Salmon AB, Bruno F, Jimenez F, Martinez HG, Halade GV, Ahuja SS, Clark RA, DeFronzo RA, Abboud HE, El Jamali A. Nox2 mediates skeletal muscle insulin resistance induced by a high fat diet. J Biol Chem 2015; 290:13427-39. [PMID: 25825489 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.626077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2014] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammation and oxidative stress through the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) are consistently associated with metabolic syndrome/type 2 diabetes. Although the role of Nox2, a major ROS-generating enzyme, is well described in host defense and inflammation, little is known about its potential role in insulin resistance in skeletal muscle. Insulin resistance induced by a high fat diet was mitigated in Nox2-null mice compared with wild-type mice after 3 or 9 months on the diet. High fat feeding increased Nox2 expression, superoxide production, and impaired insulin signaling in skeletal muscle tissue of wild-type mice but not in Nox2-null mice. Exposure of C2C12 cultured myotubes to either high glucose concentration, palmitate, or H2O2 decreases insulin-induced Akt phosphorylation and glucose uptake. Pretreatment with catalase abrogated these effects, indicating a key role for H2O2 in mediating insulin resistance. Down-regulation of Nox2 in C2C12 cells by shRNA prevented insulin resistance induced by high glucose or palmitate but not H2O2. These data indicate that increased production of ROS in insulin resistance induced by high glucose in skeletal muscle cells is a consequence of Nox2 activation. This is the first report to show that Nox2 is a key mediator of insulin resistance in skeletal muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Adam B Salmon
- The Sam and Ann Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies 15355 Lambda Drive, San Antonio, Texas 78245, and Audie L. Murphy Hospital, South Texas Veterans Health Care System, San Antonio, Texas 78229-3900
| | - Francesca Bruno
- From the Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas 78229-3900
| | - Fabio Jimenez
- From the Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas 78229-3900
| | - Herman G Martinez
- From the Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas 78229-3900
| | - Ganesh V Halade
- From the Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas 78229-3900
| | - Seema S Ahuja
- From the Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas 78229-3900, Audie L. Murphy Hospital, South Texas Veterans Health Care System, San Antonio, Texas 78229-3900
| | - Robert A Clark
- From the Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas 78229-3900, Audie L. Murphy Hospital, South Texas Veterans Health Care System, San Antonio, Texas 78229-3900
| | - Ralph A DeFronzo
- From the Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas 78229-3900, Audie L. Murphy Hospital, South Texas Veterans Health Care System, San Antonio, Texas 78229-3900
| | - Hanna E Abboud
- From the Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas 78229-3900, Audie L. Murphy Hospital, South Texas Veterans Health Care System, San Antonio, Texas 78229-3900
| | - Amina El Jamali
- From the Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas 78229-3900,
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157
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Pardo V, González-Rodríguez Á, Guijas C, Balsinde J, Valverde ÁM. Opposite cross-talk by oleate and palmitate on insulin signaling in hepatocytes through macrophage activation. J Biol Chem 2015; 290:11663-77. [PMID: 25792746 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.649483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic low grade inflammation in adipose tissue during obesity is associated with an impairment of the insulin signaling cascade. In this study, we have evaluated the impact of palmitate or oleate overload of macrophage/Kupffer cells in triggering stress-mediated signaling pathways, in lipoapoptosis, and in the cross-talk with insulin signaling in hepatocytes. RAW 264.7 macrophages or Kupffer cells were stimulated with oleate or palmitate, and levels of M1/M2 polarization markers and the lipidomic profile of eicosanoids were analyzed. Whereas proinflammatory cytokines and total eicosanoids were elevated in macrophages/Kupffer cells stimulated with palmitate, enhanced arginase 1 and lower leukotriene B4 (LTB4) levels were detected in macrophages stimulated with oleate. When hepatocytes were pretreated with conditioned medium (CM) from RAW 264.7 or Kupffer cells loaded with palmitate (CM-P), phosphorylation of stress kinases and endoplasmic reticulum stress signaling was increased, insulin signaling was impaired, and lipoapoptosis was detected. Conversely, enhanced insulin receptor-mediated signaling and reduced levels of the phosphatases protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) and phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) were found in hepatocytes treated with CM from macrophages stimulated with oleate (CM-O). Supplementation of CM-O with LTB4 suppressed insulin sensitization and increased PTP1B and PTEN. Furthermore, LTB4 decreased insulin receptor tyrosine phosphorylation in hepatocytes, activated the NFκB pathway, and up-regulated PTP1B and PTEN, these effects being mediated by LTB4 receptor BTL1. In conclusion, oleate and palmitate elicit an opposite cross-talk between macrophages/Kupffer cells and hepatocytes. Whereas CM-P interferes at the early steps of insulin signaling, CM-O increases insulin sensitization, possibly by reducing LTB4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virginia Pardo
- From the Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols (Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas/Universidad Autónoma de Madrid), 28029 Madrid, Spain, the Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain, and
| | - Águeda González-Rodríguez
- From the Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols (Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas/Universidad Autónoma de Madrid), 28029 Madrid, Spain, the Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain, and
| | - Carlos Guijas
- the Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain, and the Instituto de Biología y Genética Molecular (Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas), 47003 Valladolid, Spain
| | - Jesús Balsinde
- the Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain, and the Instituto de Biología y Genética Molecular (Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas), 47003 Valladolid, Spain
| | - Ángela M Valverde
- the Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain, and the Instituto de Biología y Genética Molecular (Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas), 47003 Valladolid, Spain
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Walton RG, Zhu B, Unal R, Spencer M, Sunkara M, Morris AJ, Charnigo R, Katz WS, Daugherty A, Howatt DA, Kern PA, Finlin BS. Increasing adipocyte lipoprotein lipase improves glucose metabolism in high fat diet-induced obesity. J Biol Chem 2015; 290:11547-56. [PMID: 25784555 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.628487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2014] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Lipid accumulation in liver and skeletal muscle contributes to co-morbidities associated with diabetes and obesity. We made a transgenic mouse in which the adiponectin (Adipoq) promoter drives expression of lipoprotein lipase (LPL) in adipocytes to potentially increase adipose tissue lipid storage. These mice (Adipoq-LPL) have improved glucose and insulin tolerance as well as increased energy expenditure when challenged with a high fat diet (HFD). To identify the mechanism(s) involved, we determined whether the Adipoq-LPL mice diverted dietary lipid to adipose tissue to reduce peripheral lipotoxicity, but we found no evidence for this. Instead, characterization of the adipose tissue of the male mice after HFD challenge revealed that the mRNA levels of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPARγ) and a number of PPARγ-regulated genes were higher in the epididymal fat pads of Adipoq-LPL mice than control mice. This included adiponectin, whose mRNA levels were increased, leading to increased adiponectin serum levels in the Adipoq-LPL mice. In many respects, the adipose phenotype of these animals resembles thiazolidinedione treatment except for one important difference, the Adipoq-LPL mice did not gain more fat mass on HFD than control mice and did not have increased expression of genes in adipose such as glycerol kinase, which are induced by high affinity PPAR agonists. Rather, there was selective induction of PPARγ-regulated genes such as adiponectin in the adipose of the Adipoq-LPL mice, suggesting that increasing adipose tissue LPL improves glucose metabolism in diet-induced obesity by improving the adipose tissue phenotype. Adipoq-LPL mice also have increased energy expenditure.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Grace Walton
- From the Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Barnstable Brown Diabetes and Obesity Center
| | - Beibei Zhu
- From the Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Barnstable Brown Diabetes and Obesity Center
| | - Resat Unal
- the Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Life Sciences, Mugla Sitki Kocman University, 48000 Mugla, Turkey
| | - Michael Spencer
- From the Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Barnstable Brown Diabetes and Obesity Center
| | | | | | | | - Wendy S Katz
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, and
| | - Alan Daugherty
- Saha Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536 and
| | - Deborah A Howatt
- Saha Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536 and
| | - Philip A Kern
- From the Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Barnstable Brown Diabetes and Obesity Center
| | - Brian S Finlin
- From the Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Barnstable Brown Diabetes and Obesity Center,
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159
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Bhattacharyya S, Feferman L, Tobacman JK. Carrageenan Inhibits Insulin Signaling through GRB10-mediated Decrease in Tyr(P)-IRS1 and through Inflammation-induced Increase in Ser(P)307-IRS1. J Biol Chem 2015; 290:10764-74. [PMID: 25784556 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.630053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2014] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammation induced by exposure to the common food additive carrageenan leads to insulin resistance by increase in Ser(P)(307)-insulin receptor substrate 1 (IRS1) and subsequent decline in the insulin-stimulated increase in Ser(P)(473)-AKT. Inhibition of carrageenan-induced inflammation reversed the increase in Ser(P)(307)-IRS1 but did not completely reverse the carrageenan-induced decline in Ser(P)(473)-AKT. To identify the additional mechanism responsible for the decrease in Ser(P)(473)-AKT, studies were performed in human HepG2 cells and in C57BL/6J mice. Following carrageenan, expression of GRB10 (growth factor receptor-bound 10 protein), an adaptor protein that binds to the insulin receptor and inhibits insulin signaling, increased significantly. GRB10 silencing blocked the carrageenan-induced reduction of the insulin-stimulated increase in Tyr(P)-IRS1 and partially reversed the decline in Ser(P)(473)-AKT. The combination of GRB10 silencing with BCL10 silencing and the reactive oxygen species inhibitor Tempol completely reversed the decline in Ser(P)(473)-AKT. After carrageenan, GRB10 promoter activity was enhanced because of activation by GATA2. A direct correlation between Ser(P)(473)-AKT and Ser(P)(401)-GATA2 was evident, and inhibition of AKT phosphorylation by the PI3K inhibitor LY294002 blocked Ser(401)-GATA2 phosphorylation and the increase in GRB10 expression. Studies indicated that carrageenan inhibited insulin signaling by two mechanisms: through the inflammation-mediated increase in Ser(P)(307)-IRS1, a negative regulator of insulin signaling, and through a transcriptional mechanism leading to increase in GRB10 expression and GRB10-inhibition of Tyr(P)-IRS1, a positive regulator of insulin signaling. These mechanisms converge to inhibit the insulin-induced increase in Ser(P)(473)-AKT. They provide internal feedback, mediated by Ser(P)(473)-AKT, Ser(P)(401)-GATA2, and nuclear GATA2, which links the opposing effects of serine and tyrosine phosphorylations of IRS1 and can modulate insulin responsiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumit Bhattacharyya
- From the Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago and the Jesse Brown Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois 60612
| | - Leo Feferman
- From the Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago and the Jesse Brown Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois 60612
| | - Joanne K Tobacman
- From the Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago and the Jesse Brown Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois 60612
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160
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Tull ES, Doswell WM, Cort MA. Spirituality moderates the relationship of psychosocial stress to metabolic risk factors among Afro-Caribbean immigrants in the US Virgin Islands. J Racial Ethn Health Disparities 2015; 2:132-8. [PMID: 25745593 DOI: 10.1007/s40615-014-0056-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Spirituality may contribute to the health advantage of foreign-born blacks compared to United States (US)-born blacks. The objective of this study was to test the hypothesis that spirituality attenuates the association of psychosocial stress to stress-associated metabolic risk factors among foreign-born Caribbean blacks living in a US jurisdiction. METHODS Data on demographic factors, anthropometric measurements (height, weight and waist), fasting glucose and insulin, lifestyle behaviors (smoking and alcohol use), psychosocial stress and spirituality were collected from a population-based sample of 319 Afro-Caribbean immigrants, ages 20 and older, who were recruited between 1995 and 2000 in the Virgin Islands of the United States (USVI). Glucose and insulin measurements were used to estimate insulin resistance by the homeostasis model assessment (HOMA-IR) method. Participants were classified into three levels of spirituality, "low", "medium" and "high" based on the distribution of spirituality scores. Stepwise regression analyses were used to identify the significant predictors of waist circumference and HOMA-IR within each level of spirituality. RESULTS The predictors of waist circumference and HOMA-IR varied across the levels of spirituality. Psychosocial stress was an independent predictor of waist and HOMA-IR only among participants with a low level of spirituality. CONCLUSION Spirituality appears to attenuate the association of psychosocial stress to waist circumference and insulin resistance among Afro-Caribbean immigrants in the USVI.
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161
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Tan SX, Fisher-Wellman KH, Fazakerley DJ, Ng Y, Pant H, Li J, Meoli CC, Coster ACF, Stöckli J, James DE. Selective insulin resistance in adipocytes. J Biol Chem 2015; 290:11337-48. [PMID: 25720492 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.623686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Aside from glucose metabolism, insulin regulates a variety of pathways in peripheral tissues. Under insulin-resistant conditions, it is well known that insulin-stimulated glucose uptake is impaired, and many studies attribute this to a defect in Akt signaling. Here we make use of several insulin resistance models, including insulin-resistant 3T3-L1 adipocytes and fat explants prepared from high fat-fed C57BL/6J and ob/ob mice, to comprehensively distinguish defective from unaffected aspects of insulin signaling and its downstream consequences in adipocytes. Defective regulation of glucose uptake was observed in all models of insulin resistance, whereas other major actions of insulin such as protein synthesis and anti-lipolysis were normal. This defect corresponded to a reduction in the maximum response to insulin. The pattern of change observed for phosphorylation in the Akt pathway was inconsistent with a simple defect at the level of Akt. The only Akt substrate that showed consistently reduced phosphorylation was the RabGAP AS160 that regulates GLUT4 translocation. We conclude that insulin resistance in adipose tissue is highly selective for glucose metabolism and likely involves a defect in one of the components regulating GLUT4 translocation to the cell surface in response to insulin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi-Xiong Tan
- From the Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, Sydney, New South Wales 2010, Australia
| | - Kelsey H Fisher-Wellman
- From the Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, Sydney, New South Wales 2010, Australia
| | | | - Yvonne Ng
- From the Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, Sydney, New South Wales 2010, Australia
| | - Himani Pant
- From the Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, Sydney, New South Wales 2010, Australia
| | - Jia Li
- From the Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, Sydney, New South Wales 2010, Australia
| | - Christopher C Meoli
- From the Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, Sydney, New South Wales 2010, Australia, the Charles Perkins Centre, School of Molecular Biosciences and
| | - Adelle C F Coster
- the School of Mathematics and Statistics, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | | | - David E James
- the Charles Perkins Centre, School of Molecular Biosciences and the School of Medicine, University of Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia, and
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is the most important public health issue threatening the health of men and women all over the world. Its current prevalence (i.e., approximately 30%) is continuously increasing. MetS by itself is considered a risk factor for erectile dysfunction (ED). AIM To focus on the definition epidemiology, pathogenesis, and possible mechanistic links between MetS and ED in order to provide guidelines for treating such individuals. METHODS The search strategies yielded total records screened from PubMed. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Regardless of the definition, MetS consists of insulin resistance, hypertension, dyslipidemia, and obesity. MetS is not an end disease but is a disorder of energy utilization and storage. RESULTS The prevalence of ED in patients with MetS is almost twice than in those without MetS, and about 40% of patients with ED have MetS. An important mechanism linking MetS and ED is hypogonadism. CONCLUSIONS Recognizing through ED, underlying conditions such as hypogonadism, diabetes and MetS might be a useful motivation for men to improve their health-related choices. The clinical management of MetS can be done by therapeutic interventions that include lifestyle modifications, hormone replacement alone or in combination with phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitors, and other pharmacological treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ecem Kaya
- Departments of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
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163
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Williams AS, Kang L, Zheng J, Grueter C, Bracy DP, James FD, Pozzi A, Wasserman DH. Integrin α1-null mice exhibit improved fatty liver when fed a high fat diet despite severe hepatic insulin resistance. J Biol Chem 2015; 290:6546-57. [PMID: 25593319 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.615716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatic insulin resistance is associated with increased collagen. Integrin α1β1 is a collagen-binding receptor expressed on hepatocytes. Here, we show that expression of the α1 subunit is increased in hepatocytes isolated from high fat (HF)-fed mice. To determine whether the integrin α1 subunit protects against impairments in hepatic glucose metabolism, we analyzed glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity in HF-fed integrin α1-null (itga1(-/-)) and wild-type (itga1(+/+)) littermates. Using the insulin clamp, we found that insulin-stimulated hepatic glucose production was suppressed by ∼50% in HF-fed itga1(+/+) mice. In contrast, it was not suppressed in HF-fed itga1(-/-) mice, indicating severe hepatic insulin resistance. This was associated with decreased hepatic insulin signaling in HF-fed itga1(-/-) mice. Interestingly, hepatic triglyceride and diglyceride contents were normalized to chow-fed levels in HF-fed itga1(-/-) mice. This indicates that hepatic steatosis is dissociated from insulin resistance in HF-fed itga1(-/-) mice. The decrease in hepatic lipid accumulation in HF-fed itga1(-/-) mice was associated with altered free fatty acid metabolism. These studies establish a role for integrin signaling in facilitating hepatic insulin action while promoting lipid accumulation in mice challenged with a HF diet.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Li Kang
- From the Departments of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics and
| | - Jenny Zheng
- From the Departments of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics and
| | | | - Deanna P Bracy
- From the Departments of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics and
| | - Freyja D James
- From the Departments of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics and
| | - Ambra Pozzi
- From the Departments of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics and Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, and the Department of Medicine, Department of Veteran Affairs, Nashville, Tennessee 37212-2637
| | - David H Wasserman
- From the Departments of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics and Mouse Metabolic Phenotyping Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232 and
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Støy J, Kampmann U, Mengel A, Magnusson NE, Jessen N, Grarup N, Rungby J, Stødkilde-Jørgensen H, Brandslund I, Christensen C, Hansen T, Pedersen O, Møller N. Reduced CD300LG mRNA tissue expression, increased intramyocellular lipid content and impaired glucose metabolism in healthy male carriers of Arg82Cys in CD300LG: a novel genometabolic cross-link between CD300LG and common metabolic phenotypes. BMJ Open Diabetes Res Care 2015; 3:e000095. [PMID: 26336608 PMCID: PMC4553907 DOI: 10.1136/bmjdrc-2015-000095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2015] [Revised: 06/02/2015] [Accepted: 06/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND CD300LG rs72836561 (c.313C>T, p.Arg82Cys) has in genetic-epidemiological studies been associated with the lipoprotein abnormalities of the metabolic syndrome. CD300LG belongs to the CD300-family of membrane-bound molecules which have the ability to recognize and interact with extracellular lipids. We tested whether this specific polymorphism results in abnormal lipid accumulation in skeletal muscle and liver and other indices of metabolic dysfunction. METHODS 40 healthy men with a mean age of 55 years were characterized metabolically including assessment of insulin sensitivity by the hyperinsulinemic euglycemic clamp, intrahepatic lipid content (IHLC) and intramyocellular lipid content (IMCL) by MR spectroscopy, and β-cell function by an intravenous glucose tolerance test. Changes in insulin signaling and CD300LG mRNA expression were determined by western blotting and quantitative PCR in muscle and adipose tissue. RESULTS Compared with the 20 controls (CC carriers), the 20 CT carriers (polymorphism carriers) had higher IMCL (p=0.045), a reduced fasting forearm glucose uptake (p=0.011), a trend toward lower M-values during the clamp; 6.0 mg/kg/min vs 7.1 (p=0.10), and higher IHLC (p=0.10). CT carriers had lower CD300LG mRNA expression and CD300LG expression in muscle correlated with IMCL (β=-0.35, p=0.046), forearm glucose uptake (β=0.37, p=0.03), and tended to correlate with the M-value (β=0.33, p=0.06), independently of CD300LG genotype. β-cell function was unaffected. CONCLUSIONS The CD300LG polymorphism was associated with decreased CD300LG mRNA expression in muscle and adipose tissue, increased IMCL, and abnormalities of glucose metabolism. CD300LG mRNA levels correlated with IMCL and forearm glucose uptake. These findings link a specific CD300LG polymorphism with features of the metabolic syndrome suggesting a role for CD300LG in the regulation of common metabolic traits. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER NCT01571609.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Støy
- Department of Internal Medicine and Endocrinology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Ulla Kampmann
- Department of Internal Medicine and Endocrinology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Annette Mengel
- Medical Research Laboratories, Institute for Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Nils E Magnusson
- Medical Research Laboratories, Institute for Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Niels Jessen
- Research Laboratory for Biochemical Pathology, Institute for Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Niels Grarup
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jørgen Rungby
- Center for Diabetes Research and Department of Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | - Ivan Brandslund
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Vejle Hospital, Vejle, Denmark
| | | | - Torben Hansen
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Oluf Pedersen
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Niels Møller
- Department of Internal Medicine and Endocrinology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
- Medical Research Laboratories, Institute for Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
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Eby EL, Curtis BH, Gelwicks SC, Hood RC, Idris I, Peters AL, Bergenstal RM, Jackson JA. Initiation of human regular U-500 insulin use is associated with improved glycemic control: a real-world US cohort study. BMJ Open Diabetes Res Care 2015; 3:e000074. [PMID: 25969741 PMCID: PMC4419461 DOI: 10.1136/bmjdrc-2014-000074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2014] [Revised: 03/24/2015] [Accepted: 04/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM Describe the characteristics of patients initiating human regular U-500 insulin (U-500R) and their subsequent glycemic control in a real-world setting. METHODS US Humedica electronic health record system data (July 2007-September 2011) were used to identify patients with diabetes aged ≥18 years with ≥1 records for U-500R prescriptions, 6 months of preindex data, 12 months following first use of U-500R, and at least one glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) value in both preindex and postindex periods. Paired t tests were used to measure the change in HbA1c from preindex to postindex periods (last or most recent values) and hypoglycemia. RESULTS Among patients initiating U-500R (N=445), 96.9% had type 2 diabetes with mean age 57 years and mean body mass index 40.4 kg/m(2). Postindex prescriptions were written for U-500R alone (47.0%, group A) and concomitant U-500R/U-100 insulins (53.0%, group B). Concomitant oral antihyperglycemic agents (AHAs) and non-insulin injectable AHAs were used by 43.4% and 14.6% of patients, respectively. Following initiation of U-500R, mean HbA1c improved 0.68% in all patients (p<0.0001 compared with baseline), but the decrease in HbA1c did not differ significantly between groups (A: 0.78%; B: 0.60%). Overall, hypoglycemic events, largely captured in the outpatient setting, increased in incidence from 6.7% to 11.9% (p≤0.0001) and from 0.23 to 0.39 events/patient/year, an increase of 0.16 (p=0.003), from preindex to postindex. CONCLUSIONS This real-world outcomes analysis demonstrates that U-500R initiation is associated with a clinically meaningful improvement in glycemic control over the subsequent 12-month period with modest increase in incidence and rate of hypoglycemia.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Robert C Hood
- Endocrine Clinic of Southeast Texas, Beaumont, Texas, USA
| | - Iskandar Idris
- School of Graduate Entry Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Anne L Peters
- Division of Endocrinology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
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Branis NM, Etesami M, Walker RW, Berk ES, Albu JB. Effect of a 1-week, eucaloric, moderately high-fat diet on peripheral insulin sensitivity in healthy premenopausal women. BMJ Open Diabetes Res Care 2015. [PMID: 26203360 PMCID: PMC4505363 DOI: 10.1136/bmjdrc-2015-000100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To determine whether a weight-maintaining, moderate (50%) high-fat diet is deleterious to insulin sensitivity in healthy premenopausal women. DESIGN/SETTING/PARTICIPANTS 23 African-American and non-Hispanic white, healthy, overweight, and obese premenopausal women recruited in New York City, USA, fed either a eucaloric, 1-week long high-fat (50% of total Kcal from fat) diet or a eucaloric, 1-week long low-fat (30% of total Kcal from fat) diet, assigned in a randomized crossover design. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Peripheral insulin sensitivity and metabolic flexibility during a euglycemic hyperinsulinemic (80 mU/m(2)/min) clamp measured during the follicular phase of the menstrual cycle, at the end of each diet period. RESULTS Peripheral insulin sensitivity (mg kg/fat-free mass/min (µU/mL)×10(-1)) was not decreased after the high-fat diet vs the low-fat diet (0.09±0.01 vs 0.08±0.01, p=0.09, respectively) in the combined group of African-American and white women, with no significant diet by race interaction (p=0.6). Metabolic flexibility (change in substrate utilization, ΔNPRQ, in response to insulin during the clamp) was similarly unaltered by the diet (0.12±0.01 vs 0.11, p=0.48, for the high-fat diet vs the low-fat diet, respectively) in the combined group of women, with no significant diet by race interaction (p=0.9). African-American women had a lower insulin clearance compared with the white women, regardless of the diet (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS We conclude that a short term (1 week), moderate (50%), eucaloric high-fat diet does not lower peripheral insulin sensitivity in healthy, overweight and obese premenopausal women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia M Branis
- New York Obesity Research Center, St. Luke's Roosevelt Hospital Center, New York, New York, USA
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Marjan Etesami
- New York Obesity Research Center, St. Luke's Roosevelt Hospital Center, New York, New York, USA
- Department of Medicine, Palomar Medical Center, Escondido, California, USA
| | - Ryan W Walker
- New York Obesity Research Center, St. Luke's Roosevelt Hospital Center, New York, New York, USA
- The Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Evan S Berk
- New York Obesity Research Center, St. Luke's Roosevelt Hospital Center, New York, New York, USA
- Nutrition Performance Unit, Glaxo Smith Kline, Parsippany, New Jersey, USA
| | - Jeanine B Albu
- New York Obesity Research Center, St. Luke's Roosevelt Hospital Center, New York, New York, USA
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, Mount Sinai St Luke's and Mount Sinai Roosevelt Hospitals, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
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Al-Sofiani ME, Jammah A, Racz M, Khawaja RA, Hasanato R, El-Fawal HAN, Mousa SA, Mason DL. Effect of Vitamin D Supplementation on Glucose Control and Inflammatory Response in Type II Diabetes: A Double Blind, Randomized Clinical Trial. Int J Endocrinol Metab 2015; 13:e22604. [PMID: 25745497 PMCID: PMC4338666 DOI: 10.5812/ijem.22604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2014] [Revised: 11/16/2014] [Accepted: 11/24/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetes mellitus (DM) and vitamin D deficiency are major health concerns around the world. Evidence suggests a possible role of vitamin D in improvement of insulin secretion and sensitivity. OBJECTIVES We assessed whether vitamin D supplementation could be used in vitamin D deficient-type II diabetes to improve glucose metabolism, components of metabolic syndrome (MetS) and specific inflammatory biomarkers. PATIENTS AND METHODS A double blind, randomized clinical trial was conducted in King Khalid University Hospital, Saudi Arabia to evaluate the effect of cholecalciferol supplementation on glycemic control, MetS components and specific inflammatory biomarkers including tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), Interleukin (IL-6), leptin, adiponectin and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1). Twenty-two patients with type II diabetes with insulin resistance, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) ≥ 6 (42 mmol/mol) and serum 25(OH)D < 50 nmol/L were randomized using a computer program to receive either supplementation with cholecalciferol (5000 IU/day) or placebo for 12 weeks. The primary outcome was change in HbA1c levels from baseline. RESULTS Median [IQR] 25(OH)D levels increased significantly in the vitamin D group as 58.1 [48, 67.3] nmol/L (P = 0.002). There was no significant difference in the change of HbA1c between the groups (P = 0.5) with a decrease of -0.1% [-1, 0.5] in the vitamin D group and an increase of 0.15% [0.1, 0.2] in the placebo group. A significant improvement was observed in the homeostasis model of assessment of β-cell activity (HOMA-%B) (P = 0.03) with vitamin D supplementation compared to baseline. CONCLUSIONS Vitamin D repletion for 12 weeks increased serum vitamin D concentrations and improved β-cell activity in vitamin D-deficient type II diabetes with no significant changes in HbA1c or insulin sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed E. Al-Sofiani
- Internal Medicine, Catholic Health System, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, USA
- College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Corresponding author: Mohammed E. Al-Sofiani, Internal Medicine, Catholic Health System, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, USA. Tel: +1-5182539929, E-mail:
| | - Anwar Jammah
- College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Michael Racz
- Internal Medicine, Catholic Health System, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | | | - Rana Hasanato
- College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hassan A. N. El-Fawal
- Internal Medicine, Catholic Health System, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Shaker A. Mousa
- Internal Medicine, Catholic Health System, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, USA
- Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Rensselaer, New York, USA
| | - Darius L. Mason
- Internal Medicine, Catholic Health System, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, USA
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Ziaee A, Esmailzadehha N, Oveisi S, Ghorbani A, Ghanei L. The threshold value of homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance in Qazvin Metabolic Diseases Study (QMDS): assessment of metabolic syndrome. J Res Health Sci 2015; 15:94-100. [PMID: 26175291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2015] [Revised: 04/06/2015] [Accepted: 05/28/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) is a useful model for application at large epidemiologic studies. The aim of this study was to determine the HOMA cut off values to identify insulin resistance (IR) and metabolic syndrome (MS) in Qazvin, central Iran. METHODS Overall, 480 men and 502 women aged 20-72 yr attended in this cross sectional study from September 2010 to April 2011. The diagnostic criteria proposed by national cholesterol education program third adult treatment panel (ATPIII), International Diabetes Federation (IDF) and new Joint Interim Societies (JIS); were applied to define MS. Lower limit of the top quintile of HOMA values in normal subjects was considered as the threshold of IR. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves of HOMA for MS diagnosis were depicted. The optimal cut point to determine MS was assessed by maximum Youden index and the shortest distance from the point (0, 1) on the ROC curve. RESULTS The threshold of HOMA for IR was 2.48. Fifty one percent of the subjects were insulin resistant. The cut point for diagnosis of JIS, IDF, ATP III and Persian IDF defined MS was 2.92, 2.91, 2.49 and 3.21, respectively. Sensitivity and specificity of ATP III defined MS to diagnose IR was 33.95% and 84.78%, of IDF defined MS was 39.13%, 81.29% and of JIS defined MS was 43.77% and 78.11% and of Persian IDF defined MS was 27.32% and 88.76%, in that order. CONCLUSIONS The high prevalence of IR in the present study warns about the future burden of type 2 diabetes. Only the ATP III criteria introduced more specific cut point for putative manifestations of IR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Ziaee
- Metabolic Diseases Research Center, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Neda Esmailzadehha
- Metabolic Diseases Research Center, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran.
| | - Sonia Oveisi
- Metabolic Diseases Research Center, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Azam Ghorbani
- Metabolic Diseases Research Center, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Laleh Ghanei
- Metabolic Diseases Research Center, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
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Soare A, Del Toro R, Roncella E, Khazrai YM, Angeletti S, Dugo L, Fallucca S, Fontana L, Altomare M, Formisano V, Capata F, Gesuita R, Manfrini S, Fallucca F, Pianesi M, Pozzilli P. The effect of macrobiotic Ma-Pi 2 diet on systemic inflammation in patients with type 2 diabetes: a post hoc analysis of the MADIAB trial. BMJ Open Diabetes Res Care 2015; 3:e000079. [PMID: 25852946 PMCID: PMC4379741 DOI: 10.1136/bmjdrc-2014-000079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2014] [Revised: 02/08/2015] [Accepted: 03/11/2015] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Current guidelines for the management of type 2 diabetes (T2D) emphasize diet as essential therapy. However, the effect of diet on systemic inflammation remains unclear. We investigated the effects of consuming a macrobiotic Ma-Pi 2 diet versus a standard recommended diet (control diet) on markers of inflammation in patients with T2D. METHODS This was a post hoc analysis of the MADIAB trial, a 21-day randomized controlled trial conducted in 51 patients (25 males and 26 females) with T2D. Patients were randomized 1:1 to the Ma-Pi 2 macrobiotic diet or a control diet based on dietary guidelines for T2D. Biological antioxidant potential of plasma and circulating levels of high-sensitivity C reactive protein, interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor-α, and insulin-like growth factor-1 were assessed. RESULTS After 21 days on the Ma-Pi 2 or control diet, markers of inflammation were reduced in both groups. The antioxidant potential of plasma improved significantly in the Ma-Pi group. A significant reduction in insulin growth factor-1 was observed in the Ma-Pi group versus control group (p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS Findings of this post hoc analysis demonstrated that the Ma-Pi 2 diet is a safe dietary strategy to reduce levels of the markers of insulin resistance and inflammation, compared with baseline values, in the short term. Furthermore, the Ma-Pi 2 diet was superior to the control diet in reducing insulin growth factor-1 and may be beneficial for patients with T2D. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER Current Controlled Trials ISRCTN10467793.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreea Soare
- Area of Endocrinology and Diabetes, University Campus Bio-Medico of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Rossella Del Toro
- Area of Endocrinology and Diabetes, University Campus Bio-Medico of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Elena Roncella
- Area of Endocrinology and Diabetes, University Campus Bio-Medico of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Yeganeh Manon Khazrai
- Area of Endocrinology and Diabetes, University Campus Bio-Medico of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Silvia Angeletti
- Laboratory Medicine, University Campus Bio-Medico of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Laura Dugo
- Center of Integrated Research, University Campus Bio-Medico of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Sara Fallucca
- Area of Endocrinology and Diabetes, University Campus Bio-Medico of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Lucia Fontana
- Unit of Dietology and Diabetology, Sandro Pertini Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Altomare
- Unit of Dietology and Diabetology, Sandro Pertini Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Valeria Formisano
- Area of Endocrinology and Diabetes, University Campus Bio-Medico of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Capata
- Area of Endocrinology and Diabetes, University Campus Bio-Medico of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Rosaria Gesuita
- Center of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Medical Information Technology, Polytechnic Marche University, Ancona, Italy
| | - Silvia Manfrini
- Area of Endocrinology and Diabetes, University Campus Bio-Medico of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Mario Pianesi
- International Study Center for Environment, Agriculture, Food, Health and Economics, Tolentino, Italy
| | - Paolo Pozzilli
- Area of Endocrinology and Diabetes, University Campus Bio-Medico of Rome, Rome, Italy
- Centre of Diabetes, St. Bartholomew's and The London School of Medicine, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
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Safi SZ, Shah H, Siok Yan GO, Qvist R. Insulin resistance provides the connection between hepatitis C virus and diabetes. Hepat Mon 2014; 15:e23941. [PMID: 25741369 PMCID: PMC4344647 DOI: 10.5812/hepatmon.23941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2014] [Accepted: 12/08/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sher Zaman Safi
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Corresponding Author: Sher Zaman Safi, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Tel: 60-379674750, Fax: 60-379568841, E-mail:
| | - Humaira Shah
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Gracie Ong Siok Yan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Rajes Qvist
- Department of Anesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Pandey G, Makhija E, George N, Chakravarti B, Godbole MM, Ecelbarger CM, Tiwari S. Insulin regulates nitric oxide production in the kidney collecting duct cells. J Biol Chem 2014; 290:5582-91. [PMID: 25533472 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.592741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The kidney is an important organ for arterial blood pressure (BP) maintenance. Reduced NO generation in the kidney is associated with hypertension in insulin resistance. NO is a critical regulator of vascular tone; however, whether insulin regulates NO production in the renal inner medullary collecting duct (IMCD), the segment with the greatest enzymatic activity for NO production in kidney, is not clear. Using an NO-sensitive 4-amino-5-methylamino-2',7'-difluorofluorescein (DAF-FM) fluorescent dye, we found that insulin increased NO production in mouse IMCD cells (mIMCD) in a time- and dose-dependent manner. A concomitant dose-dependent increase in the NO metabolite (NOx) was also observed in the medium from insulin-stimulated cells. NO production peaked in mIMCD cells at a dose of 100 nm insulin with simultaneously increased NOx levels in the medium. At this dose, insulin significantly increased p-eNOS(Ser1177) levels in mIMCD cells. Pretreatment of cells with a PI 3-kinase inhibitor or insulin receptor silencing with RNA interference abolished these effects of insulin, whereas insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor (IGF-1R) silencing had no effect. We also showed that chronic insulin infusion to normal C57BL/6J mice resulted in increased endothelial NOS (eNOS) protein levels and NO production in the inner medulla. However, insulin-infused IRKO mice, with targeted deletion of insulin receptor from tubule epithelial cells of the kidney, had ∼50% reduced eNOS protein levels in their inner medulla along with a significant rise in BP relative to WT littermates. We have previously reported increased baseline BP and reduced urine NOx in IRKO mice. Thus, reduced insulin receptor signaling in IMCD could contribute to hypertension in the insulin-resistant state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaurav Pandey
- From the Department of Molecular Medicine and Biotechnology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow 226014, India and
| | - Ekta Makhija
- From the Department of Molecular Medicine and Biotechnology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow 226014, India and
| | - Nelson George
- From the Department of Molecular Medicine and Biotechnology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow 226014, India and
| | - Bandana Chakravarti
- From the Department of Molecular Medicine and Biotechnology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow 226014, India and
| | - Madan M Godbole
- From the Department of Molecular Medicine and Biotechnology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow 226014, India and
| | - Carolyn M Ecelbarger
- the Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Georgetown University, Washington, D. C. 2007
| | - Swasti Tiwari
- From the Department of Molecular Medicine and Biotechnology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow 226014, India and
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172
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Zhang C, Hwarng G, Cooper DE, Grevengoed TJ, Eaton JM, Natarajan V, Harris TE, Coleman RA. Inhibited insulin signaling in mouse hepatocytes is associated with increased phosphatidic acid but not diacylglycerol. J Biol Chem 2014; 290:3519-28. [PMID: 25512376 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.602789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Although an elevated triacylglycerol content in non-adipose tissues is often associated with insulin resistance, the mechanistic relationship remains unclear. The data support roles for intermediates in the glycerol-3-phosphate pathway of triacylglycerol synthesis: diacylglycerol (DAG), which may cause insulin resistance in liver by activating PKCϵ, and phosphatidic acid (PA), which inhibits insulin action in hepatocytes by disrupting the assembly of mTOR and rictor. To determine whether increases in DAG and PA impair insulin signaling when produced by pathways other than that of de novo synthesis, we examined primary mouse hepatocytes after enzymatically manipulating the cellular content of DAG or PA. Overexpressing phospholipase D1 or phospholipase D2 inhibited insulin signaling and was accompanied by an elevated cellular content of total PA, without a change in total DAG. Overexpression of diacylglycerol kinase-θ inhibited insulin signaling and was accompanied by an elevated cellular content of total PA and a decreased cellular content of total DAG. Overexpressing glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase-1 or -4 inhibited insulin signaling and increased the cellular content of both PA and DAG. Insulin signaling impairment caused by overexpression of phospholipase D1/D2 or diacylglycerol kinase-θ was always accompanied by disassociation of mTOR/rictor and reduction of mTORC2 kinase activity. However, although the protein ratio of membrane to cytosolic PKCϵ increased, PKC activity itself was unaltered. These data suggest that PA, but not DAG, is associated with impaired insulin action in mouse hepatocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chongben Zhang
- From the Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599
| | - Gwen Hwarng
- From the Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599
| | - Daniel E Cooper
- From the Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599
| | - Trisha J Grevengoed
- From the Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599
| | - James M Eaton
- the Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, Virginia 22908, and
| | - Viswanathan Natarajan
- the Departments of Pharmacology & Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60612
| | - Thurl E Harris
- the Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, Virginia 22908, and
| | - Rosalind A Coleman
- From the Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599,
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173
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Tanaka N, Takahashi S, Matsubara T, Jiang C, Sakamoto W, Chanturiya T, Teng R, Gavrilova O, Gonzalez FJ. Adipocyte-specific disruption of fat-specific protein 27 causes hepatosteatosis and insulin resistance in high-fat diet-fed mice. J Biol Chem 2014; 290:3092-105. [PMID: 25477509 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.605980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
White adipose tissue (WAT) functions as an energy reservoir where excess circulating fatty acids are transported to WAT, converted to triglycerides, and stored as unilocular lipid droplets. Fat-specific protein 27 (FSP27, CIDEC in humans) is a lipid-coating protein highly expressed in mature white adipocytes that contributes to unilocular lipid droplet formation. However, the influence of FSP27 in adipose tissue on whole-body energy homeostasis remains unclear. Mice with adipocyte-specific disruption of the Fsp27 gene (Fsp27(ΔAd)) were generated using an aP2-Cre transgene with the Cre/LoxP system. Upon high-fat diet feeding, Fsp27(ΔAd) mice were resistant to weight gain. In the small WAT of these mice, small adipocytes containing multilocular lipid droplets were dispersed. The expression levels of the genes associated with mitochondrial abundance and brown adipocyte identity were increased, and basal lipolytic activities were significantly augmented in adipocytes isolated from Fsp27(ΔAd) mice compared with the Fsp27(F/F) counterparts. The impaired fat-storing function in Fsp27(ΔAd) adipocytes and the resultant lipid overflow from WAT led to marked hepatosteatosis, dyslipidemia, and systemic insulin resistance in high-fat diet-treated Fsp27(ΔAd) mice. These results demonstrate a critical role for FSP27 in the storage of excess fat in WAT with minimizing ectopic fat accumulation that causes insulin-resistant diabetes and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. This mouse model may be useful for understanding the significance of fat-storing properties of white adipocytes and the role of local FSP27 in whole-body metabolism and estimating the pathogenesis of human partial lipodystrophy caused by CIDEC mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoki Tanaka
- From the Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, National Institutes of Health and
| | - Shogo Takahashi
- From the Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, National Institutes of Health and
| | - Tsutomu Matsubara
- From the Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, National Institutes of Health and
| | - Changtao Jiang
- From the Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, National Institutes of Health and
| | | | - Tatyana Chanturiya
- Mouse Metabolism Core Laboratory, NIDDK, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
| | - Ruifeng Teng
- Mouse Metabolism Core Laboratory, NIDDK, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
| | - Oksana Gavrilova
- Mouse Metabolism Core Laboratory, NIDDK, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
| | - Frank J Gonzalez
- From the Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, National Institutes of Health and
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174
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Ramezani-Binabaj M, Motalebi M, Karimi-sari H, Rezaee-Zavareh MS, Alavian SM. Are women with polycystic ovarian syndrome at a high risk of non-alcoholic Fatty liver disease; a meta-analysis. Hepat Mon 2014; 14:e23235. [PMID: 25598791 PMCID: PMC4286712 DOI: 10.5812/hepatmon.23235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Insulin resistance is a hallmark of metabolic syndrome (MS). It has been proposed that both polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) are correlated with Insulin resistance. Therefore, PCOS and NAFLD can be attributed with insulin resistance and therefore MS. The aim of this meta-analysis was to determine whether PCOS patients are at a high risk of NAFLD. EVIDENCE ACQUISITION Google scholar, Scopus, ISI Web of Science, Embase, MEDLINE, and some Iranian databases such as scientific information database (SID), IranMedex, and MagIran were searched to identify relevant studies. We included all papers regardless of their language from January 1985 to June 2013. By using data on prevalence of NAFLD in patients with and without PCOS, odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated in each study. Chi-squared test was used to assess heterogeneity between studies. RESULTS We finally included seven eligible studies. According to chi-squared test, there was a significant heterogeneity (73.6%) between studies (P = 0.001). NAFLD prevalence was significantly higher in patients with PCOS compared to healthy control, with an overall OR of 3.93 (95% CI: 2.17, 7.11).There was no significant publication bias based on Begg's and Egger's tests. CONCLUSIONS According to the results of this meta-analysis, there was a high risk of NAFLD in women with PCOS. We suggest evaluating patients with PCOS regarding NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahdi Ramezani-Binabaj
- Students' Research Committee, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran
- Middle East Liver Diseases Center (MELD), Tehran, IR Iran
| | - Mohsen Motalebi
- Nephrology and Urology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran
- Corresponding Author: Mohsen Motalebi, Nephrology and Urology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran. Tel/Fax: +98-2181262073, E-mail:
| | - Hamidreza Karimi-sari
- Students' Research Committee, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran
| | - Mohammad Saeid Rezaee-Zavareh
- Students' Research Committee, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran
- Middle East Liver Diseases Center (MELD), Tehran, IR Iran
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175
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Vaidyanathan K, Wells L. Multiple tissue-specific roles for the O-GlcNAc post-translational modification in the induction of and complications arising from type II diabetes. J Biol Chem 2014; 289:34466-71. [PMID: 25336652 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.r114.591560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
In this minireview, we will highlight work in the last 30 years that has clearly demonstrated that the O-GlcNAc modification is nutrient-responsive and plays multiple roles in metabolic regulation of signaling and gene expression. Further, we will examine recent studies that have investigated the impact of O-GlcNAc in a variety of glucose- and insulin-responsive tissues and the roles attributed to O-GlcNAc in the induction of insulin resistance and glucose toxicity, the hallmarks of type II diabetes mellitus. We will also summarize potential causal roles for the O-GlcNAc modification in complications associated with diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krithika Vaidyanathan
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602-1516
| | - Lance Wells
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602-1516
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176
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Nyman E, Rajan MR, Fagerholm S, Brännmark C, Cedersund G, Strålfors P. A single mechanism can explain network-wide insulin resistance in adipocytes from obese patients with type 2 diabetes. J Biol Chem 2014; 289:33215-30. [PMID: 25320095 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.608927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The response to insulin is impaired in type 2 diabetes. Much information is available about insulin signaling, but understanding of the cellular mechanisms causing impaired signaling and insulin resistance is hampered by fragmented data, mainly obtained from different cell lines and animals. We have collected quantitative and systems-wide dynamic data on insulin signaling in primary adipocytes and compared cells isolated from healthy and diabetic individuals. Mathematical modeling and experimental verification identified mechanisms of insulin control of the MAPKs ERK1/2. We found that in human adipocytes, insulin stimulates phosphorylation of the ribosomal protein S6 and hence protein synthesis about equally via ERK1/2 and mTORC1. Using mathematical modeling, we examined the signaling network as a whole and show that a single mechanism can explain the insulin resistance of type 2 diabetes throughout the network, involving signaling both through IRS1, PKB, and mTOR and via ERK1/2 to the nuclear transcription factor Elk1. The most important part of the insulin resistance mechanism is an attenuated feedback from the protein kinase mTORC1 to IRS1, which spreads signal attenuation to all parts of the insulin signaling network. Experimental inhibition of mTORC1 using rapamycin in adipocytes from non-diabetic individuals induced and thus confirmed the predicted network-wide insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elin Nyman
- From the Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine and
| | | | - Siri Fagerholm
- From the Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine and
| | | | - Gunnar Cedersund
- From the Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine and the Department of Biomedical Engineering, Linköping University, SE58185 Linköping, Sweden
| | - Peter Strålfors
- From the Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine and
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177
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Kang JY, Sung SH, Lee YJ, Choi TI, Choi SJ. Impact of ENPP1 K121Q on change of insulin resistance after web-based intervention in Korean men with diabetes and impaired fasting glucose. J Korean Med Sci 2014; 29:1353-9. [PMID: 25368487 PMCID: PMC4214934 DOI: 10.3346/jkms.2014.29.10.1353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2014] [Accepted: 07/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Ectoenzyme nucleotide pyrophosphate phosphodiesterase 1 (ENPP1) gene has been studied in relation to type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and insulin resistance (IR). We hypothesized that the difference in genotype may be one of the factors that affect the outcome of intervention. We genotyped 448 men with fasting glucose≥5.6 mM/L, including 371 in subjects with K allele (KK) (69 control group [CG]; and 302 intervention group [IG]) and 77 in subjects with Q allele (KQ+QQ) (13 CG and 64 IG). The web-based intervention based on a lifestyle modification was delivered by e-mail once a month for 10 months. In the KK, IG demonstrated significantly decreased levels of fasting serum insulin (FSI) as compared to CG and homeostasis model of assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR). In the KQ+QQ IG group, hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), FSI and HOMA-IR were significantly decreased, and showed further reduction in the HOMA-IR than KQ+QQ CG. After analysis of covariance, K121Q did significantly influence the change of HbA1c in CG after appropriate adjustment. In a multivariate model, BMI change predicted HOMA-IR change (adjusted β=0.801; P=0.022) in KK IG subjects with T2DM. ENPP1 K121Q did not influence the change in IR. However, individuals with T2DM carrying the K121 variant are very responsive to the effect of BMI reduction on HOMA-IR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Yeon Kang
- Radiation Health Research Institute, Korea Hydro & Nuclear Power Co., Ltd., Seoul, Korea
| | - Sook Hee Sung
- Radiation Health Research Institute, Korea Hydro & Nuclear Power Co., Ltd., Seoul, Korea
| | - Yeon Ju Lee
- Radiation Health Research Institute, Korea Hydro & Nuclear Power Co., Ltd., Seoul, Korea
| | - Tae In Choi
- Central Research Institute, Korea Hydro & Nuclear Power Co., Ltd., Daejeon, Korea
| | - Seung Jin Choi
- Radiation Health Research Institute, Korea Hydro & Nuclear Power Co., Ltd., Seoul, Korea
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178
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Ghorbani Z, Hekmatdoost A, Mirmiran P. Anti-hyperglycemic and insulin sensitizer effects of turmeric and its principle constituent curcumin. Int J Endocrinol Metab 2014; 12:e18081. [PMID: 25745485 PMCID: PMC4338652 DOI: 10.5812/ijem.18081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2014] [Revised: 06/15/2014] [Accepted: 07/28/2014] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
CONTEXT Turmeric is obtained from the plant Curcuma longa L; its major constituent, curcumin, is a polyphenol with multiple effects which can modulate some signaling pathways. EVIDENCE ACQUISITION Insulin resistance is a major risk factor for chronic diseases such as type 2 diabetes, atherosclerotic, metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular disease. In addition, Insulin resistance in peripheral tissue is one of the most important reasons of hyperglycemia which can cause global or systemic effects. The present study reviewed studies published in PubMed from 1998 to 2013, indicating the role of curcumin in attenuation of many pathophysiological processes involved in development and progression of hyperglycemia and insulin resistance. RESULTS Curcumin can reduce blood glucose level by reducing the hepatic glucose production, suppression of hyperglycemia-induced inflammatory state, stimulation of glucose uptake by up-regulation of GLUT4, GLUT2 and GLUT3 genes expressions, activation of AMP kinase, promoting the PPAR ligand-binding activity, stimulation of insulin secretion from pancreatic tissues, improvement in pancreatic cell function, and reduction of insulin resistance. CONCLUSIONS Curcumin has antihyperglycemic and insulin sensitizer effects. Thereby, more studies evaluating the effects of curcumin on hyperglycemic state and insulin resistance in related disorders such as diabetes are recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeinab Ghorbani
- Faculty of Nutrition and Food Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Science, Tehran, IR Iran
| | - Azita Hekmatdoost
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran
| | - Parvin Mirmiran
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran
- Nutrition and Endocrine Research Center, Obesity Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran
- Corresponding author: Parvin Mirmiran, Nutrition and Endocrine Research Center, Obesity Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box: 19395-4763, Tehran, IR Iran. Tel: +98-22357484, Fax: +98-2122416264, +98-2122402463, E-mail:
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179
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Shidfar F, Zarrati M, Khamseh ME, Haghighat N, Rostami A, Zolfaghari H. Relationship between serum levels of fetuin-A with apo-A1, apo-B100, body composition and insulin resistance in patients with type 2 diabetes. Med J Islam Repub Iran 2014; 28:100. [PMID: 25664301 PMCID: PMC4301224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2013] [Accepted: 02/01/2014] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Some results exist on fetuin-A as marker for vascular disease in type 2diabetes. We examined the relationship between serum fetuin-A with some factors, in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). METHODS From October 2012 to June 2013, a total of 131 T2DM patients were recruited and evaluated for various parameters including HOMA-IR, Apo-A1, Apo-B100, body fat percentage and waist circumference. Serum fetuin-A levels were measured by enzyme-linkedimmunosorbent assay (ELISA), and Serum glucose with a Cobas MIRA analyzer by enzymatic method. Apo-B100 and apo-A1 were measured by immunoturbidimetry with a Cobas MIRA analyzer. HOMA-IR was calculated by the following formula: [fasting insulin (uIU/mL) × fasting blood glucose (mmol/L)]/22.5. RESULTS The mean levels of HOMA-IR were significantly increased progressively across fetuin-A tertiles (p for trend=0.04) in women but not men. Fetuin-A had just a significant positive correlation with Apo- A1(r=0.22, p=0.02). CONCLUSION This present study showed that levels of serum fetuin-A are significantly associated with insulin resistance in women with T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farzad Shidfar
- 1. PhD. Professor of Nutrition, Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism Research and Training Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mitra Zarrati
- 2. PhD, Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism Research and Training Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mohamad Ebrahim Khamseh
- 3. Professor of Endocrinology, Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism Research and Training Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Neda Haghighat
- 4. Master, Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism Research and Training Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Ali Rostami
- 5. Master, Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism Research and Training Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Hamid Zolfaghari
- 6. Master, Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism Research and Training Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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180
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Soufi N, Hall AM, Chen Z, Yoshino J, Collier SL, Mathews JC, Brunt EM, Albert CJ, Graham MJ, Ford DA, Finck BN. Inhibiting monoacylglycerol acyltransferase 1 ameliorates hepatic metabolic abnormalities but not inflammation and injury in mice. J Biol Chem 2014; 289:30177-88. [PMID: 25213859 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.595850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Abnormalities in hepatic lipid metabolism and insulin action are believed to play a critical role in the etiology of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. Monoacylglycerol acyltransferase (MGAT) enzymes convert monoacylglycerol to diacylglycerol, which is the penultimate step in one pathway for triacylglycerol synthesis. Hepatic expression of Mogat1, which encodes an MGAT enzyme, is increased in the livers of mice with hepatic steatosis, and knocking down Mogat1 improves glucose metabolism and hepatic insulin signaling, but whether increased MGAT activity plays a role in the etiology of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis is unclear. To examine this issue, mice were placed on a diet containing high levels of trans fatty acids, fructose, and cholesterol (HTF-C diet) or a low fat control diet for 4 weeks. Mice were injected with antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs) to knockdown Mogat1 or a scrambled ASO control for 12 weeks while remaining on diet. The HTF-C diet caused glucose intolerance, hepatic steatosis, and induced hepatic gene expression markers of inflammation, macrophage infiltration, and stellate cell activation. Mogat1 ASO treatment, which suppressed Mogat1 expression in liver and adipose tissue, attenuated weight gain, improved glucose tolerance, improved hepatic insulin signaling, and decreased hepatic triacylglycerol content compared with control ASO-treated mice on HTF-C chow. However, Mogat1 ASO treatment did not reduce hepatic diacylglycerol, cholesterol, or free fatty acid content; improve histologic measures of liver injury; or reduce expression of markers of stellate cell activation, liver inflammation, and injury. In conclusion, inhibition of hepatic Mogat1 in HTF-C diet-fed mice improves hepatic metabolic abnormalities without attenuating liver inflammation and injury.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - James C Mathews
- Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri 63110
| | - Elizabeth M Brunt
- Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri 63110
| | - Carolyn J Albert
- the Edward A. Doisy Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri 63104, and
| | - Mark J Graham
- ISIS Pharmaceuticals Inc., Carlsbad, California 92008
| | - David A Ford
- the Edward A. Doisy Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri 63104, and
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181
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Mobasher MA, de Toro-Martín J, González-Rodríguez Á, Ramos S, Letzig LG, James LP, Muntané J, Álvarez C, Valverde ÁM. Essential role of protein-tyrosine phosphatase 1B in the modulation of insulin signaling by acetaminophen in hepatocytes. J Biol Chem 2014; 289:29406-19. [PMID: 25204659 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.539189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Many drugs are associated with the development of glucose intolerance or deterioration in glycemic control in patients with pre-existing diabetes. We have evaluated the cross-talk between signaling pathways activated by acetaminophen (APAP) and insulin signaling in hepatocytes with or without expression of the protein-tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) and in wild-type and PTP1B-deficient mice chronically treated with APAP. Human primary hepatocytes, Huh7 hepatoma cells with silenced PTP1B, mouse hepatocytes from wild-type and PTP1B-deficient mice, and a mouse model of chronic APAP treatment were used to examine the mechanisms involving PTP1B in the effects of APAP on glucose homeostasis and hepatic insulin signaling. In APAP-treated human hepatocytes at concentrations that did not induce death, phosphorylation of JNK and PTP1B expression and enzymatic activity were increased. APAP pretreatment inhibited activation of the early steps of insulin signaling and decreased Akt phosphorylation. The effects of APAP in insulin signaling were prevented by suramin, a PTP1B inhibitor, or rosiglitazone that decreased PTP1B levels. Likewise, PTP1B deficiency in human or mouse hepatocytes protected against APAP-mediated impairment in insulin signaling. These signaling pathways were modulated in mice with chronic APAP treatment, resulting in protection against APAP-mediated hepatic insulin resistance and alterations in islet alpha/beta cell ratio in PTP1B(-/-) mice. Our results demonstrate negative cross-talk between signaling pathways triggered by APAP and insulin signaling in hepatocytes, which is in part mediated by PTP1B. Moreover, our in vivo data suggest that chronic use of APAP may be associated with insulin resistance in the liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maysa Ahmed Mobasher
- From the Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols (CSIC-UAM), 28029 Madrid, Spain, the Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salid Carlos III, 28029 Madrid
| | - Juan de Toro-Martín
- the Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salid Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, the Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular II, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28034 Madrid, Spain
| | - Águeda González-Rodríguez
- From the Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols (CSIC-UAM), 28029 Madrid, Spain, the Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salid Carlos III, 28029 Madrid
| | - Sonia Ramos
- the Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Alimentos y Nutrición (ICTAN-CSIC), 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Lynda G Letzig
- the Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas 72205, and
| | - Laura P James
- the Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas 72205, and
| | - Jordi Muntané
- the Department of General Surgery, Institute of Biomedicine of Seville, Hospital Universitary "Virgen del Rocío"/CSIC/University of Seville, 41013 Seville, Spain
| | - Carmen Álvarez
- the Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salid Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, the Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular II, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28034 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ángela M Valverde
- From the Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols (CSIC-UAM), 28029 Madrid, Spain, the Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salid Carlos III, 28029 Madrid,
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Baziar N, Jafarian K, Shadman Z, Qorbani M, Khoshniat Nikoo M, Abd Mishani M. Effect of therapeutic dose of vitamin d on serum adiponectin and glycemia in vitamin d-insufficient or deficient type 2 diabetic patients. Iran Red Crescent Med J 2014; 16:e21458. [PMID: 25593737 PMCID: PMC4270651 DOI: 10.5812/ircmj.21458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2014] [Revised: 08/16/2014] [Accepted: 08/30/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Background: Lower vitamin D status has been reported in diabetic patients. Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D and adiponectin were inversely associated with type 2 diabetes and insulin resistance. Vitamin D may involve in regulation of the adiponectin levels, which is directly related to insulin sensitivity. Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of therapeutic dose of vitamin D on serum adiponectin and insulin resistance in vitamin D-insufficient or deficient type 2 diabetic patients. Materials and Methods: This double-blind, randomized, clinical trial was conducted on 81 type 2 diabetic patients with vitamin D level of 10-30 ng/mL. Intervention was 50000 IU vitamin D or placebo once a week for 8 weeks. At the beginning and end of the study, blood samples were collected after 12 hours of fasting and serum glucose, insulin, 25-hydroxyvitamin D, and adiponectin were measured. Insulin resistance was calculated by homeostasis model assessment (HOMA-IR). Results: After 8-week intervention, serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D significantly increased and reached the normal levels in patients receiving vitamin D (P < 0.001) and the levels of fasting serum glucose, insulin, and HOMA-IR were significantly decreased (P = 0.04, 0.02 and 0.007, respectively). No significant changes were observed in these levels in the placebo group. Significant differences were observed in mean changes in the above-mentioned variables between the two groups (P = 0.01, 0.04 and 0.006, respectively). No significant changes were found in serum adiponectin in the vitamin D and placebo groups (P = 0.83). Conclusions: Therapeutic dose of vitamin D can improve vitamin D status and glycemic indicators. But it seems that an 8-week intervention period was not sufficient to reveal the possible effects of vitamin D on serum adiponectin levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nima Baziar
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics Therapy, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran
| | - Kurosh Jafarian
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics Therapy, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran
| | - Zhaleh Shadman
- Research Center of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran
| | - Mostafa Qorbani
- Department of Community Medicine, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, IR Iran
- Non Communicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran
| | - Mohsen Khoshniat Nikoo
- Research Center of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran
- Corresponding Author: Mohsen Khoshniat Nikoo, Research Center of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran. Tel: +98-2188220094; Ext: 5; Fax: +98-2188220052, E-mail:
| | - Mahshid Abd Mishani
- Research Center of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran
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183
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Ivey RA, Sajan MP, Farese RV. Requirements for pseudosubstrate arginine residues during autoinhibition and phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-(PO₄)₃-dependent activation of atypical PKC. J Biol Chem 2014; 289:25021-30. [PMID: 25035426 PMCID: PMC4155669 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.565671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2014] [Revised: 07/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Atypical PKC (aPKC) isoforms are activated by the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase product phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-(PO4)3 (PIP3). How PIP3 activates aPKC is unknown. Although Akt activation involves PIP3 binding to basic residues in the Akt pleckstrin homology domain, aPKCs lack this domain. Here we examined the role of basic arginine residues common to aPKC pseudosubstrate sequences. Replacement of all five (or certain) arginine residues in the pseudosubstrate sequence of PKC-ι by site-directed mutagenesis led to constitutive activation and unresponsiveness to PIP3 in vitro or insulin in vivo. However, with the addition of the exogenous arginine-containing pseudosubstrate tridecapeptide to inhibit this constitutively active PKC-ι, PIP3-activating effects were restored. A similar restoration of responsiveness to PIP3 was seen when exogenous pseudosubstrate was used to inhibit mouse liver PKC-λ/ζ maximally activated by insulin or ceramide and a truncated, constitutively active PKC-ζ mutant lacking all regulatory domain elements and containing "activating" glutamate residues at loop and autophosphorylation sites (Δ1-247/T410E/T560E-PKC-ζ). NMR studies suggest that PIP3 binds directly to the pseudosubstrate. The ability of PIP3 to counteract the inhibitory effects of the exogenous pseudosubstrate suggests that basic residues in the pseudosubstrate sequence are required for maintaining aPKCs in an inactive state and are targeted by PIP3 for displacement from the substrate-binding site during kinase activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert A Ivey
- From the Medical and Research Services, James A. Haley Veterans Medical Center, Tampa, Florida 33612 and
| | - Mini P Sajan
- From the Medical and Research Services, James A. Haley Veterans Medical Center, Tampa, Florida 33612 and the Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, University of South Florida College of Medicine, Tampa, Florida 33612
| | - Robert V Farese
- From the Medical and Research Services, James A. Haley Veterans Medical Center, Tampa, Florida 33612 and the Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, University of South Florida College of Medicine, Tampa, Florida 33612
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184
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El-Bassossy HM, Abo-Warda SM, Fahmy A. Chrysin and luteolin alleviate vascular complications associated with insulin resistance mainly through PPAR-γ activation. Am J Chin Med 2014; 42:1153-67. [PMID: 25169908 DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x14500724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Chrysin and luteolin are two flavonoids with Peroxisome proliferators-activated receptor γ (PPAR-γ) stimulating activity. Here, we investigated the protective effect of chrysin and luteolin from vascular complications associated with insulin resistance (IR). IR was induced in rats by drinking fructose for 12 weeks while chrysin and luteolin were given for 6 weeks with or without PPAR-γ antagonist, bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE). Then, blood pressure (BP) was recorded and serum levels of glucose, insulin, advanced glycation end products (AGEs) and lipids were measured. Concentration response curves for phenylephrine (PE), KCl, and acetylcholine (ACh) were obtained in thoracic aorta rings. Aortic reactive oxygen species (ROS) and nitric oxide (NO) generation were also studied. Chrysin and luteolin significantly alleviated systolic BP elevations caused by IR, while the co-administration of BADGE prevented chrysin alleviation. Although, neither chrysin nor luteolin affected ACh impaired vasodilatation, they both alleviated exaggerated vasoconstrictions to PE and KCl in IR animals. In addition, incubation of the aorta from IR animals with chrysin or luteolin prevented exaggerated vasoconstrictions to PE and KCl. On the other hand, co-administration of BADGE or co-incubation with GW9662, the selective PPAR-γ antagonist, prevented chrysin alleviation. Both chrysin and luteolin inhibited the developed hyperinsulinemia and increases in serum AGEs, lipids while, BADGE reduced the effect of chrysin on hyperinsulinemia and dyslipidemia. Chrysin and luteolin markedly inhibited elevated NO and ROS in IR aortae while BADGE did not change their effect on NO and ROS. In conclusion, chrysin and luteolin alleviate vascular complications associated with IR mainly through PPAR-γ dependent pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hany M El-Bassossy
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia , Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Egypt
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185
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Aghili R, Malek M, Valojerdi AE, Banazadeh Z, Najafi L, Khamseh ME. Body composition in adults with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes: effects of metformin. J Diabetes Metab Disord 2014; 13:88. [PMID: 25247153 PMCID: PMC4159548 DOI: 10.1186/s40200-014-0088-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2014] [Accepted: 08/11/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Background The aim of this study was to measure the body composition in adults with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus and to explore the effect of metformin therapy on the various components of body composition, insulin sensitivity, and glucose homeostasis. Methods This was an observational study consisted of 51 newly diagnosed people with type 2 diabetes on 1000 mg metformin twice daily for 6 months. The body composition of each subject was measured by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry at enrollment and 24 weeks after metformin mono-therapy. Sarcopenia was defined and compared based on the ratio of appendicular skeletal muscle and height squared, skeletal muscle index and residual methods. Homeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance and Quantitative Insulin Sensitivity Check Index were used for estimating insulin sensitivity. The level of physical activity was assessed using self-administered International physical Activity questionnaire. Results Forty one subjects (80.4%) completed the study. The mean age of the participants was 52.67 ± 10.43 years. Metformin treatment was associated with a significant decrease in total fat mass (−1.6 kg, P = 0.000). By week 24, the lean to fat ratio increased (P = 0.04) with men showing greater significant changes. Twenty percent of the female participants were detected to have sarcopenia. In addition, there was a significant improvement of glucose homeostasis and insulin sensitivity. Conclusions Metformin therapy results in significant improvement in body composition and insulin sensitivity of adults with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes. Furthermore, sarcopenia begins in women with diabetes much earlier than expected as an age related phenomenon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rokhsareh Aghili
- Endocrine Research Center, Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Firouzgar alley, Valadi St., Behafarin St., Karimkhan Ave., Vali-asr Sq., Tehran, Iran
| | - Mojtaba Malek
- Endocrine Research Center, Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Firouzgar alley, Valadi St., Behafarin St., Karimkhan Ave., Vali-asr Sq., Tehran, Iran
| | - Ameneh Ebrahim Valojerdi
- Endocrine Research Center, Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Firouzgar alley, Valadi St., Behafarin St., Karimkhan Ave., Vali-asr Sq., Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Banazadeh
- Lolagar hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Laily Najafi
- Endocrine Research Center, Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Firouzgar alley, Valadi St., Behafarin St., Karimkhan Ave., Vali-asr Sq., Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Ebrahim Khamseh
- Endocrine Research Center, Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Firouzgar alley, Valadi St., Behafarin St., Karimkhan Ave., Vali-asr Sq., Tehran, Iran
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186
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Naderi N, Boobejame P, Bakhshandeh H, Amin A, Taghavi S, Maleki M. Insulin resistance in pulmonary arterial hypertension, is it a novel disease modifier? Res Cardiovasc Med 2014; 3:e19710. [PMID: 25478547 PMCID: PMC4253803 DOI: 10.5812/cardiovascmed.19710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2014] [Revised: 06/29/2014] [Accepted: 07/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Recent studies have introduced glucose intolerance and insulin resistance (IR) as novel risk factors in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). Objectives: We aimed to investigate the prevalence of glucose intolerance and IR in patients with PAH and their correlation with functional capacity and prognostic factors. Patients and Methods: Sixty-nine patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension (class I Pulmonary hypertension in accordance with updated clinical classification of pulmonary hypertension) scheduled for right heart catheterization were enrolled. FBS, HbA1c, lipid profile, pro –BNP and hs-CRP were measured along with a 6-minute walk test (6-MWT) and obtaining demographic, functional and hemodynamic data. Fasting triglyceride to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio (TG/HDL-C) was used as a surrogate of insulin sensitivity. Using published criteria, HbA1c ≤ 5.9% defined as normal, 6.0-6.4% as glucose intolerance, and ≥ 6.5% as diabetes. All patients were followed for a year regarding development of any cardiovascular event (mortality and/or hospitalization). Results: In total, 76.8% of patients were female: 61% of them had idiopathic PAH, 33% Eisenmenger syndrome, and 6% PAH secondary to a connective tissue disease. With respect to TG/HDL-C, 43.5% of patients had IR and 47.8% of patients had HbA1c > 6. There was no difference between IR and insulin sensitive (IS) group or glucose intolerance and sensitive group regarding NYHA class, 6MWT, Pro BNP, hs-CRP and hemodynamic data and there was no correlation between IR or glucose intolerance and any event. Conclusions: Unrecognized glucose intolerance and IR are common in PAH. However, further studies are needed to show whether glucose or insulin dysregulation plays any role in PAH pathogenesis or it is secondary to advanced PAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasim Naderi
- Rajaie Cardiovascular Medical and Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran
| | - Pedram Boobejame
- Rajaie Cardiovascular Medical and Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran
| | - Hooman Bakhshandeh
- Rajaie Cardiovascular Medical and Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran
- Corresponding author: Hooman Bakhshandeh, Rajaie Cardiovascular Medical and Research Center, Vali-Asr St., Niayesh Blvd, Tehran, IR Iran. Tel: +98-2123923138, Fax: +98-2122663217, E-mail:
| | - Ahmad Amin
- Rajaie Cardiovascular Medical and Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran
| | - Sepideh Taghavi
- Rajaie Cardiovascular Medical and Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran
| | - Majid Maleki
- Rajaie Cardiovascular Medical and Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran
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187
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Al-Farai HH, Al-Aboodi I, Al-Sawafi A, Al-Busaidi N, Woodhouse N. Insulin resistance and its correlation with risk factors for developing diabetes mellitus in 100 omani medical students. Sultan Qaboos Univ Med J 2014; 14:e393-e396. [PMID: 25097777 PMCID: PMC4117667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2013] [Revised: 03/08/2014] [Accepted: 03/20/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of insulin resistance (IR) in healthy young Omanis and relate this with their body mass index (BMI) and family history (FH) of diabetes mellitus (DM). METHODS This study was conducted between May 2009 and February 2010 at Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman. A detailed questionnaire was completed by 50 male and 50 female medical students between 20-25 years old. Fasting blood samples were obtained for serum glucose and insulin measurements. IR was calculated using the homeostasis model assessment-estimated insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) formula (fasting insulin x fasting glucose/22.5) and a value above 2.5 was considered elevated. The results were analysed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS). RESULTS PARTICIPANTS WERE CLASSIFIED INTO THE FOLLOWING BMI CATEGORIES: 59% were normal (18.5-24.9 kg/m(2)), 26% were overweight or obese (>24.9 kg/m(2)) and 15% were underweight (<18.5 kg/m(2)). A FH of DM was present in 74%. The HOMA-IR index was elevated in 16% and was directly correlated to the BMI (P = 0.003). There was no correlation between IR and a positive FH of DM. CONCLUSION There is a high prevalence of IR (16%) and obesity (26%) in healthy young Omani medical students. Counselling is recommended for all overweight and obese individuals in an attempt to prevent or delay the onset of DM in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Issa Al-Aboodi
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine & Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman
| | - Azza Al-Sawafi
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine & Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman
| | - Noora Al-Busaidi
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine & Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman
| | - Nicholas Woodhouse
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine & Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman
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188
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Eren E, Koca B, Ture M, Guzel B. Epicardial adiposity in children with obesity and metabolic syndrome. Iran J Pediatr 2014; 24:411-7. [PMID: 25755863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2013] [Accepted: 06/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Obesity increases cardiac diseases by increasing tendency to atherosclerosis. Our aim was to define epicardial adipose tissue thickness, and its related factors in obese children. METHODS Total of 94 patients were divided into obesity with metabolic syndrome (MS) (n=30), obesity without MS (n=33), and control (n=31) groups. Auxological values with fasting glucose, fasting insulin, alanine transaminase, serum lipid levels, and high sensitive C-reactive protein levels were evaluated. Epicardial adipose tissue thickness, interventricular septum thickness and left ventricular mass were measured by echocardiography. FINDINGS Weight, body mass index, waist circumference, insulin, alanine transaminase, and high sensitive C-reactive protein values were markedly higher in obesity group when compared with controls (P<0.001). Epicardial adipose tissue thickness was 0.64±0.23 cm in obesity with MS; 0.60±0.20 cm in obesity without MS, and 0.27±0.12 cm in control group (P<0.001). Interventricular septum thickness and left ventricular mass values were markedly high in obesity without MS group (P<0.001 and P=0.002). CONCLUSION Our study has indicated that obesity has unfavorable effects on heart starting in the adolescence.
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189
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Jiang Y, Thakran S, Bheemreddy R, Ye EA, He H, Walker RJ, Steinle JJ. Pioglitazone normalizes insulin signaling in the diabetic rat retina through reduction in tumor necrosis factor α and suppressor of cytokine signaling 3. J Biol Chem 2014; 289:26395-26405. [PMID: 25086044 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.583880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Dysfunctional insulin signaling is a key component of type 2 diabetes. Little is understood of the effects of systemic diabetes on retinal insulin signaling. A number of agents are used to treat patients with type 2 diabetes to normalize glucose levels and improve insulin signaling; however, little has been done to investigate the effects of these agents on retinal insulin signal transduction. We hypothesized that pioglitazone, a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) agonist, would normalize retinal insulin signal transduction through reduced tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα) and suppressor of cytokine signaling 3 (SOCS3) activities in whole retina and retinal endothelial cells (REC) and Müller cells. To test this hypothesis, we used the BBZDR/Wor type 2 diabetic rat model, as well as REC and Müller cells cultured in normoglycemia and hyperglycemic conditions, to investigate the effects of pioglitazone on TNFα, SOCS3, and downstream insulin signal transduction proteins. We also evaluated pioglitazone's effects on retinal function using electroretinogram and markers of apoptosis. Data demonstrate that 2 months of pioglitazone significantly increased electroretinogram amplitudes in type 2 diabetic obese rats, which was associated with improved insulin receptor activation. These changes occurred in both REC and Müller cells treated with pioglitazone, suggesting that these two cell types are key to insulin resistance in the retina. Taken together, these data provide evidence of impaired insulin signaling in type 2 diabetes rats, which was improved by increasing PPARγ activity. Further investigations of PPARγ actions in the retina may provide improved treatment options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youde Jiang
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee 38163
| | - Shalini Thakran
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee 38163
| | - Rajini Bheemreddy
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee 38163
| | - Eun-Ah Ye
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee 38163
| | - Hui He
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee 38163 and
| | - Robert J Walker
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee 38163; Department of Biology, Philander Smith College, Little Rock, Arkansas 72202
| | - Jena J Steinle
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee 38163; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee 38163 and; Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, and University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee 38163.
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190
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Seo JY, Kim MK, Choi BY, Kim YM, Cho SI, Shin J. Elevated brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity is independently associated with microalbuminuria in a rural population. J Korean Med Sci 2014; 29:941-9. [PMID: 25045226 PMCID: PMC4101782 DOI: 10.3346/jkms.2014.29.7.941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2013] [Accepted: 04/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Microalbuminuria is a marker of generalized endothelial dysfunction resulting from arterial stiffness or insulin resistance, and brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV) is a good measure of arterial stiffness. We aimed to investigate whether elevated baPWV is independently associated with microalbuminuria. This study included 1,648 individuals aged over 40 who participated in the baseline Multi-Rural Cohort Study conducted in Korean rural communities between 2005 and 2006. Participants were classified into less than 30 mg/g as normoalbuminuria or 30-300 mg/g as microalbuminuriausing urinary albumin creatinine ratio (UACR). The median and Q1-Q3 baPWV values were significantly higher in the microalbuminuric group both in men (1,538, 1,370-1,777 cm/s vs. 1,776, 1,552-2,027 cm/s, P < 0.001) and women (1,461, 1,271-1,687 cm/s vs. 1,645, 1,473-1,915 cm/s, P < 0.001). BaPWV was independently associated with microalbuminuria in both genders after adjusting for pulse rate; fasting blood glucose; triglyceride; homeostatic model assessment insulin resistance (HOMAIR) and, history of hypertension and diabetes. Fasting blood sugar and HOMAIR were judged as having nothing to do with multicolinearity (r = 0.532, P < 0.001). Elevated baPWV was independently associated with microalbuminuria regardless of insulin resistance among rural subjects over 40 yr.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joo Youn Seo
- Department of Family Medicine, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Mi Kyung Kim
- Department of Preventive Medicine/Institute of Community Health, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Bo Youl Choi
- Department of Preventive Medicine/Institute of Community Health, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yu-Mi Kim
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Dong-A University College of Medicine, Busan, Korea
| | - Sung-il Cho
- Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jinho Shin
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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191
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Hong J, Kim BW, Choo HJ, Park JJ, Yi JS, Yu DM, Lee H, Yoon GS, Lee JS, Ko YG. Mitochondrial complex I deficiency enhances skeletal myogenesis but impairs insulin signaling through SIRT1 inactivation. J Biol Chem 2014; 289:20012-25. [PMID: 24895128 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.560078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
To address whether mitochondrial biogenesis is essential for skeletal myogenesis, C2C12 myogenesis was investigated after knockdown of NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquintone) flavoprotein 1 (NDUFV1), which is an oxidative phosphorylation complex I subunit that is the first subunit to accept electrons from NADH. The NDUFVI knockdown enhanced C2C12 myogenesis by decreasing the NAD(+)/NADH ratio and subsequently inactivating SIRT1 and SIRT1 activators (pyruvate, SRT1720, and resveratrol) abolished the NDUFV1 knockdown-induced myogenesis enhancement. However, the insulin-elicited activation of insulin receptor β (IRβ) and insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS-1) was reduced with elevated levels of protein-tyrosine phosphatase 1B after NDUFV1 knockdown in C2C12 myotubes. The NDUFV1 knockdown-induced blockage of insulin signaling was released by protein-tyrosine phosphatase 1B knockdown in C2C12 myotubes, and we found that NDUFV1 or SIRT1 knockdown did not affect mitochondria biogenesis during C2C12 myogenesis. Based on these data, we can conclude that complex I dysfunction-induced SIRT1 inactivation leads to myogenesis enhancement but blocks insulin signaling without affecting mitochondria biogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Hong
- From the Division of Life Sciences, Korea University, Seoul, 136-701, Korea
| | - Bong-Woo Kim
- Department of Cosmetic Science and Technology, Seowon University, Cheongju, 361-742, Korea
| | - Hyo-Jung Choo
- From the Division of Life Sciences, Korea University, Seoul, 136-701, Korea
| | - Jung-Jin Park
- From the Division of Life Sciences, Korea University, Seoul, 136-701, Korea
| | - Jae-Sung Yi
- From the Division of Life Sciences, Korea University, Seoul, 136-701, Korea
| | - Dong-Min Yu
- From the Division of Life Sciences, Korea University, Seoul, 136-701, Korea
| | - Hyun Lee
- From the Division of Life Sciences, Korea University, Seoul, 136-701, Korea
| | - Gye-Soon Yoon
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Ajou University, Suwon 443-721, Korea, and
| | - Jae-Seon Lee
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Inha University, Incheon, 400-712, Korea
| | - Young-Gyu Ko
- From the Division of Life Sciences, Korea University, Seoul, 136-701, Korea,
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192
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Moghadasi M, Mohammadi Domieh A. Effects of Resistance versus Endurance Training on Plasma Lipocalin-2 in Young Men. Asian J Sports Med 2014; 5:108-14. [PMID: 25834704 PMCID: PMC4374613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2013] [Accepted: 01/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Lipocalin-2 (Lcn2) has been recognized as an adipocyte-derived acute phase protein that is positively correlated with obesity, insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes, and cardiovascular disease. The effects of resistance and endurance training (RT vs. ET) on plasma lipocalin-2 are still unclear. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to examine the effects of RT vs. ET on plasma lipocalin-2 in young men. METHODS Twenty nine healthy and sedentary young men (age, 21-29 years) participated in this study. The subjects were randomly assigned to RT group (n=9), ET group (n=10) or control group (n=10). The experimental groups performed either RT or ET, 3 days a week for 8 weeks. The endurance training program included continuous running at an intensity corresponding to 65-80% of maximal heart rate, while resistance training consisted of 2-4 sets of circuit weight training for 8 stations and at an intensity corresponding to 65-80% of 1-RM in each station. RESULTS No significant changes in the body mass, BMI, body fat percentage and WHR were found after the RT and ET. The results showed that Lcn2 decreased after RT and ET compared with the control group (P<0.05). High sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) and insulin resistance determined by HOMA-IR, did not change in the RT and ET compared with the control group. CONCLUSION Lcn2 decreases after 8 weeks RT and ET, but this improvement was not accompanied by decreased hs-CRP and insulin resistance in healthy and sedentary young men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehrzad Moghadasi
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Shiraz branch, Islamic Azad University, Shiraz, Iran,*Corresponding Author; Department of Exercise physiology, Shiraz branch, Islamic Azad University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Amin Mohammadi Domieh
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Gachsaran branch, Islamic Azad University, Gachsaran, Iran
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193
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Niranjan G, Anitha D, Srinivasan AR, Velu VK, Venkatesh C, Babu MS, Ramesh R, Saha S. Association of inflammatory sialoproteins, lipid peroxides and serum magnesium levels with cardiometabolic risk factors in obese children of South Indian population. Int J Biomed Sci 2014; 10:118-23. [PMID: 25018680 PMCID: PMC4092079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2014] [Accepted: 06/20/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The Incidence of childhood obesity and metabolic syndrome is increasing even in rural and semi-urban regions of India. Adipose tissue mass secretes several inflammatory proteins, which could potentially alter the metabolic processes, leading to several complications at the later stages of life. With limited studies on protein bound sialic acid (PBSA) as a marker of oxidative stress mediated inflammation in obese children, this study was aimed to assess and correlate PBSA with lipid peroxidation and other cardiometabolic risk factors like Insulin Resistance (IR), serum magnesium, and high sensitive C reactive Protein (hsCRP) levels in order to provide an insight into the degree of systemic inflammation and oxidative stress. This study included 62 obese children (≥95% percentile of the CDC chart) and 60 non obese controls. This study documents significant higher levels of PBSA, IR, Malondialdehyde (MDA), hsCRP and uric acid in obese children (p<0.001). PBSA was associated with IR, hsCRP, uric acid, hypomagnesaemia. Higher degrees of oxidative stress, Insulin resistance and low serum magnesium levels were noted in obese children. PBSA and hsCRP levels were elevated and were associated with Insulin resistance in obese children of South Indian population.
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Affiliation(s)
- G. Niranjan
- Department of Biochemistry, Mahatma Gandhi Medical College and Research Institute, Sri Balaji Vidyapeeth [SBV], Pillaiyarkuppam, Puducherry-607402, India
| | - D. Anitha
- Department of Biochemistry, Mahatma Gandhi Medical College and Research Institute, Sri Balaji Vidyapeeth [SBV], Pillaiyarkuppam, Puducherry-607402, India
| | - A. R. Srinivasan
- Department of Biochemistry, Mahatma Gandhi Medical College and Research Institute, Sri Balaji Vidyapeeth [SBV], Pillaiyarkuppam, Puducherry-607402, India
| | - V. Kuzhandai Velu
- Department of Biochemistry, Mahatma Gandhi Medical College and Research Institute, Sri Balaji Vidyapeeth [SBV], Pillaiyarkuppam, Puducherry-607402, India
| | - C. Venkatesh
- Department of Pediatrics, JIPMER, Puducherry-605006, India
| | - M. Sathish Babu
- Department of Biochemistry, Mahatma Gandhi Medical College and Research Institute, Sri Balaji Vidyapeeth [SBV], Pillaiyarkuppam, Puducherry-607402, India
| | - R. Ramesh
- Department of Biochemistry, Mahatma Gandhi Medical College and Research Institute, Sri Balaji Vidyapeeth [SBV], Pillaiyarkuppam, Puducherry-607402, India
| | - S. Saha
- Department of Biochemistry, Mahatma Gandhi Medical College and Research Institute, Sri Balaji Vidyapeeth [SBV], Pillaiyarkuppam, Puducherry-607402, India
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194
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Madonna R, Geng YJ, Bolli R, Rokosh G, Ferdinandy P, Patterson C, De Caterina R. Co-activation of nuclear factor-κB and myocardin/serum response factor conveys the hypertrophy signal of high insulin levels in cardiac myoblasts. J Biol Chem 2014; 289:19585-98. [PMID: 24855642 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.540559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Hyperinsulinemia contributes to cardiac hypertrophy and heart failure in patients with the metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes. Here, high circulating levels of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α may synergize with insulin in signaling inflammation and cardiac hypertrophy. We tested whether high insulin affects activation of TNF-α-induced NF-κB and myocardin/serum response factor (SRF) to convey hypertrophy signaling in cardiac myoblasts. In canine cardiac myoblasts, treatment with high insulin (10(-8) to 10(-7) m) for 0-24 h increased insulin receptor substrate (IRS)-1 phosphorylation at Ser-307, decreased protein levels of chaperone-associated ubiquitin (Ub) E3 ligase C terminus of heat shock protein 70-interacting protein (CHIP), increased SRF activity, as well as β-myosin heavy chain (MHC) and myocardin expressions. Here siRNAs to myocardin or NF-κB, as well as CHIP overexpression prevented (while siRNA-mediated CHIP disruption potentiated) high insulin-induced SR element (SRE) activation and β-MHC expression. Insulin markedly potentiated TNF-α-induced NF-κB activation. Compared with insulin alone, insulin+TNF-α increased SRF/SRE binding and β-MHC expression, which was reversed by the NF-κB inhibitor pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate (PDTC) and by NF-κB silencing. In the hearts of db/db diabetic mice, in which Akt phosphorylation was decreased, p38MAPK, Akt1, and IRS-1 phosphorylation at Ser-307 were increased, together with myocardin expression as well as SRE and NF-κB activities. In response to high insulin, cardiac myoblasts increase the expression or the promyogenic transcription factors myocardin/SRF in a CHIP-dependent manner. Insulin potentiates TNF-α in inducing NF-κB and SRF/SRE activities. In hyperinsulinemic states, myocardin may act as a nuclear effector of insulin, promoting cardiac hypertrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosalinda Madonna
- From the Texas Heart Institute and University of Texas Medical School in Houston, Houston, Texas 77030, the Institute of Cardiology, and Center of Excellence on Aging, "G. d'Annunzio" University, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Yong-Jian Geng
- From the Texas Heart Institute and University of Texas Medical School in Houston, Houston, Texas 77030
| | - Roberto Bolli
- the Institute of Molecular Cardiology, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40202
| | - Gregg Rokosh
- the Institute of Molecular Cardiology, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40202
| | - Peter Ferdinandy
- the Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, H-1085 Budapest, Hungary, and
| | - Cam Patterson
- the Center for Molecular Cardiology, The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, Texas 77555
| | - Raffaele De Caterina
- the Institute of Cardiology, and Center of Excellence on Aging, "G. d'Annunzio" University, 66100 Chieti, Italy,
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195
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Russo GI, Cimino S, Fragalà E, Privitera S, La Vignera S, Condorelli R, Calogero AE, Castelli T, Favilla V, Morgia G. Insulin resistance is an independent predictor of severe lower urinary tract symptoms and of erectile dysfunction: results from a cross-sectional study. J Sex Med 2014; 11:2074-82. [PMID: 24836928 DOI: 10.1111/jsm.12587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Several studies have linked the association between lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS), erectile dysfunction (ED), and the presence of insulin resistance (IR) due to an underlined metabolic syndrome (MetS). AIM This study aims to determine the relationship between IR, sexual function, and LUTS and to demonstrate the ability of IR in predicting ED and severe LUTS. METHODS Between January 2008 to January 2013, 544 consecutive patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia-related LUTS were enrolled. LUTS and sexual function of the patients were evaluated by the International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF) and the International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS). MetS was defined by the International Diabetes Federation. IR was defined as a homeostasis model assessment (HOMA) index of 3 or greater. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Uni- and multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to assess significant predictors of severe LUTS (IPSS ≥ 20) and ED (IIEF-Erectile Function [IIEF-EF] <26), including MetS component, prostate volume, prostate-specific antigen, total testosterone, and HOMA index. RESULTS IR patients resulted in higher values of IPSS (19.0 vs. 15.0; P<0.01), IPSS-storage (6.0 vs. 5.0; P<0.01), IPSS-voiding (12.0 vs. 9.0; P<0.01), total prostate volume (54.8 vs. 36.5; P<0.01), and lower values of IIEF-EF (17.0 vs. 20.0; P<0.01), IIEF-Intercourse Satisfaction (3.0 vs. 10.0; P<0.01), IIEF-Orgasmic Function (8.0 vs. 9.0; P<0.01), IIEF-Overall Satisfaction (6.0 vs. 8.0; P<0.01), and total testosterone (3.83 vs. 4.44; P<0.01). IR was demonstrated to be a strong predictor of ED (IIEF-EF <26) (odds ratio [OR] =6.20, P<0.01) after adjusting for confounding factors. Finally, IR was also an independent predictor of severe LUTS (IPSS ≥ 20) (OR=2.0, P<0.01) after adjusting for confounding factors. CONCLUSIONS IR patients are at high risk of having severe LUTS and contemporary sexual dysfunctions. We strongly suggest to prevent LUTS and ED by reducing insulin resistance.
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196
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Zhu Z, Jiang Z, Zhou J, Zhou D, Wang W, Zhao C, Zhen Z, Nanji AA. Involvement of insulin resistance in the protective effect of metformin against alcoholic liver injury. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2014; 38:1510-9. [PMID: 24797033 DOI: 10.1111/acer.12418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2013] [Revised: 02/11/2014] [Accepted: 03/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alcoholic liver disease (ALD) continues to be a major cause of morbidity worldwide. The exact mechanisms for ALD pathogenesis are not fully understood. There is currently no known available drug for ALD. Previous studies have suggested that ethanol (EtOH)-induced hepatic insulin resistance, through the inhibition of adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and the expression of adiponectin as well as downstream enzymes, contribute to the development of ALD. This study was to determine the effects of EtOH on AMPK activity as well as the protective effect of metformin. METHODS Forty male Wistar rats weighing 200 ± 20 g were randomized into 4 groups (n = 10) as follows: A = control group-rats received rodent chow; B = control + metformin group-rats received metformin (200 mg/kg/d intragastrically [IG]) at 21:00; C = EtOH group-rats were gavaged with alcohol of gradually increasing concentrations (30 to 60%, 5 to 9 g/kg/d) twice a day (9:00 and 16:00); D = EtOH + metformin group-rats received the same amount of EtOH as the rats in group C, and in addition received metformin (200 mg/kg/d IG) at 21:00. After 16 weeks, blood and liver samples were collected for further study. RESULTS Chronic EtOH consumption led to liver injury both histologically and biochemically accompanied by insulin resistance, reduced AMPK activity, and dysregulation of downstream enzymes. Decreased levels of circulating adiponectin and decreased expression of proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator-1α (PGC-1α) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors-α (PPAR-α) in the hepatic tissue were observed. Treatment with metformin attenuated the severity of liver injury, restored AMPK activity and normalized the expression of acetyl-CoA carboxylase and fatty acid synthase. In addition, metformin also increased the circulating adiponectin and liver adiponectin receptor 2 expression. Furthermore, PGC-1α and PPAR-α activities were also restored. CONCLUSIONS EtOH exposure induces hepatic insulin resistance. Metformin improved insulin resistance and reversed liver injury through the activation of AMPK and normalized adiponectin signaling making metformin a promising drug for the treatment of ALD.
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Affiliation(s)
- ZhanTao Zhu
- Department of Infectious disease , Third Hospital, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
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197
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Saki F, Karamizadeh Z. Metabolic syndrome, insulin resistance and Fatty liver in obese Iranian children. Iran Red Crescent Med J 2014; 16:e6656. [PMID: 25031864 PMCID: PMC4082524 DOI: 10.5812/ircmj.6656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2012] [Revised: 11/24/2013] [Accepted: 04/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity is a global epidemic and its morbidities such as metabolic syndrome, insulin resistance, and fatty liver leads to a spectrum of psycho-social and medical consequences. OBJECTIVES The objective of this study was to investigate the prevalence of fatty liver in obese Iranian children and its' association with metabolic syndrome and insulin resistance. PATIENTS AND METHODS 102 obese Iranian children, referred to pediatric clinics from March 2011 to March 2012, were enrolled in this cross-sectional study. All the patients were visited by a pediatric endocrinologist, a pediatric gastroenterologist and an expert radiologist in the evaluation of fatty liver grading. RESULTS The grade of fatty liver was higher in older children (P = 0.001). It was also more in taller and heavier children (P = 0.000). The more the BMI was, the more the fatty liver grade was (P = 0.002). Severity of fatty liver according to liver sonography in patient had a positive relationship with waist circumference, hip circumference, serum TG, serum FBS, serum fasting insulin, serum ALT, systolic blood pressure and HOMA index and had a negative correlation with the level of alkaline phosphatase. Severity of fatty liver also had a close relationship with the presence of acanthosis nigricans and HOMA index. CONCLUSIONS Prevalence of fatty liver is high in our obese children. It was associated with criteria of metabolic syndrome and insulin resistance, so visceral fat may participate in the pathogenesis of the metabolic syndrome or merely serve as a marker of increased risk for the metabolic complications of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Forough Saki
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, IR Iran
- Corresponding Author: Forough Saki, Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, IR Iran. Tel/Fax: +98-7116473096, E-mail:
| | - Zohreh Karamizadeh
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, IR Iran
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198
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Taghian F, Zolfaghari M, Hedayati M. Effects of Aerobic Exercise on Serum Retinol Binding Protein4, Insulin Resistance and Blood Lipids in Obese Women. Iran J Public Health 2014; 43:658-65. [PMID: 26060767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2013] [Accepted: 01/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Retinol binding protein4 (RBP4) is a type of adipokine which transports vitamin A to serum. RBP4 could be a bridge between obesity and insulin resistance. This study aimed to investigate the effects of aerobic exercises on RBP4 serum's concentration and metabolic syndrome risk factors in obese women. METHODS Twenty obese women with body max index 35.81±3.67Kg/m2, fat percentage 43.98±4.02, and waist to hip ratio 1.03±0.05 were included and were randomly assigned to experimental and control groups. The experimental group received aerobic exercises for a period of 12 weeks each three sessions on treadmill workout. The treadmill speed were based on a 60-65 and 80-85 maximal heart rate percentage and duration of 15-20 and 45-50 minutes, at the beginning and the end of exercise, respectively. Body composition, serum glucose, insulin, TG, LDL-C, HDL-C, total cholesterol, and RBP4, were measured in both groups before and after the treatment by ELISA method. Insulin resistance was measured by HOMA-IR. To compare within group differences and between group comparisons t-correlated and t-independent tests were used, respectively. RESULTS After 12 week aerobic exercises; weight, fat percentage, WHR, and BMI in the experimental group was significantly decreased (P<0.05). RBP4, insulin, insulin resistance, TG and HDL-C had significant differences between two groups. The cholesterol level, LDL-C and glucose did not have any significant changes. CONCLUSION The aerobic exercises can decrease body composition, insulin resistance, TG, and RBP4, so it can be beneficial for obese women's health, because it.
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199
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Xu H, Li H, Woo SL, Kim SM, Shende VR, Neuendorff N, Guo X, Guo T, Qi T, Pei Y, Zhao Y, Hu X, Zhao J, Chen L, Chen L, Ji JY, Alaniz RC, Earnest DJ, Wu C. Myeloid cell-specific disruption of Period1 and Period2 exacerbates diet-induced inflammation and insulin resistance. J Biol Chem 2014; 289:16374-88. [PMID: 24770415 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.539601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The circadian clockworks gate macrophage inflammatory responses. Given the association between clock dysregulation and metabolic disorders, we conducted experiments to determine the extent to which over-nutrition modulates macrophage clock function and whether macrophage circadian dysregulation is a key factor linking over-nutrition to macrophage proinflammatory activation, adipose tissue inflammation, and systemic insulin resistance. Our results demonstrate that 1) macrophages from high fat diet-fed mice are marked by dysregulation of the molecular clockworks in conjunction with increased proinflammatory activation, 2) global disruption of the clock genes Period1 (Per1) and Per2 recapitulates this amplified macrophage proinflammatory activation, 3) adoptive transfer of Per1/2-disrupted bone marrow cells into wild-type mice potentiates high fat diet-induced adipose and liver tissue inflammation and systemic insulin resistance, and 4) Per1/2-disrupted macrophages similarly exacerbate inflammatory responses and decrease insulin sensitivity in co-cultured adipocytes in vitro. Furthermore, PPARγ levels are decreased in Per1/2-disrupted macrophages and PPARγ2 overexpression ameliorates Per1/2 disruption-associated macrophage proinflammatory activation, suggesting that this transcription factor may link the molecular clockworks to signaling pathways regulating macrophage polarization. Thus, macrophage circadian clock dysregulation is a key process in the physiological cascade by which diet-induced obesity triggers macrophage proinflammatory activation, adipose tissue inflammation, and insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang Xu
- From the Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843
| | - Honggui Li
- From the Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843
| | - Shih-Lung Woo
- From the Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843
| | - Sam-Moon Kim
- Department of Neuroscience and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Bryan, Texas 77807
| | - Vikram R Shende
- Department of Neuroscience and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Bryan, Texas 77807
| | - Nichole Neuendorff
- Department of Neuroscience and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Bryan, Texas 77807
| | - Xin Guo
- From the Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843
| | - Ting Guo
- From the Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843
| | - Ting Qi
- From the Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843
| | - Ya Pei
- From the Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843
| | - Yan Zhao
- From the Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843
| | - Xiang Hu
- From the Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, Department of Endocrinology and
| | - Jiajia Zhao
- From the Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, Department of Stomatology, Union Hospital, Tongji College of Medicine, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, China, and
| | - Lili Chen
- Department of Stomatology, Union Hospital, Tongji College of Medicine, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, China, and
| | | | - Jun-Yuan Ji
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine and
| | - Robert C Alaniz
- Department of Microbial and Molecular Pathogenesis, College of Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center, College Station, Texas 77843
| | - David J Earnest
- Department of Neuroscience and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Bryan, Texas 77807,
| | - Chaodong Wu
- From the Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843,
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200
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Fjære E, Aune UL, Røen K, Keenan AH, Ma T, Borkowski K, Kristensen DM, Novotny GW, Mandrup-Poulsen T, Hudson BD, Milligan G, Xi Y, Newman JW, Haj FG, Liaset B, Kristiansen K, Madsen L. Indomethacin treatment prevents high fat diet-induced obesity and insulin resistance but not glucose intolerance in C57BL/6J mice. J Biol Chem 2014; 289:16032-45. [PMID: 24742673 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.525220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic low grade inflammation is closely linked to obesity-associated insulin resistance. To examine how administration of the anti-inflammatory compound indomethacin, a general cyclooxygenase inhibitor, affected obesity development and insulin sensitivity, we fed obesity-prone male C57BL/6J mice a high fat/high sucrose (HF/HS) diet or a regular diet supplemented or not with indomethacin (±INDO) for 7 weeks. Development of obesity, insulin resistance, and glucose intolerance was monitored, and the effect of indomethacin on glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) was measured in vivo and in vitro using MIN6 β-cells. We found that supplementation with indomethacin prevented HF/HS-induced obesity and diet-induced changes in systemic insulin sensitivity. Thus, HF/HS+INDO-fed mice remained insulin-sensitive. However, mice fed HF/HS+INDO exhibited pronounced glucose intolerance. Hepatic glucose output was significantly increased. Indomethacin had no effect on adipose tissue mass, glucose tolerance, or GSIS when included in a regular diet. Indomethacin administration to obese mice did not reduce adipose tissue mass, and the compensatory increase in GSIS observed in obese mice was not affected by treatment with indomethacin. We demonstrate that indomethacin did not inhibit GSIS per se, but activation of GPR40 in the presence of indomethacin inhibited glucose-dependent insulin secretion in MIN6 cells. We conclude that constitutive high hepatic glucose output combined with impaired GSIS in response to activation of GPR40-dependent signaling in the HF/HS+INDO-fed mice contributed to the impaired glucose clearance during a glucose challenge and that the resulting lower levels of plasma insulin prevented the obesogenic action of the HF/HS diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Even Fjære
- From the Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, 1165 Copenhagen, Denmark, the National Institute of Nutrition and Seafood Research, 5817 Bergen, Norway
| | - Ulrike L Aune
- From the Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, 1165 Copenhagen, Denmark, the National Institute of Nutrition and Seafood Research, 5817 Bergen, Norway
| | - Kristin Røen
- From the Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, 1165 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Alison H Keenan
- From the Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, 1165 Copenhagen, Denmark, the Departments of Nutrition and
| | - Tao Ma
- From the Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, 1165 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kamil Borkowski
- From the Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, 1165 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - David M Kristensen
- the INSERM U1085-IRSET, Université de Rennes 1, Rennes, France, the Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Guy W Novotny
- the Section for Endocrinological Research, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of 2200 Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Thomas Mandrup-Poulsen
- the Section for Endocrinological Research, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of 2200 Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark, the Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institute, 171 77 Solna, Sweden
| | - Brian D Hudson
- the Institute of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, Scotland, United Kingdom, and
| | - Graeme Milligan
- the Institute of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, Scotland, United Kingdom, and
| | | | - John W Newman
- the Departments of Nutrition and the United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service-Western Human Nutrition Research Center, Davis, California 95616
| | - Fawaz G Haj
- the Departments of Nutrition and Internal Medicine, University of California, Davis, California 95616
| | - Bjørn Liaset
- the National Institute of Nutrition and Seafood Research, 5817 Bergen, Norway
| | - Karsten Kristiansen
- From the Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, 1165 Copenhagen, Denmark,
| | - Lise Madsen
- From the Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, 1165 Copenhagen, Denmark, the National Institute of Nutrition and Seafood Research, 5817 Bergen, Norway,
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