151
|
Hujoel PP. Private Interests and the Start of Fluoride-Supplemented High-Carbohydrate Nutritional Guidelines. Nutrients 2022; 14:4263. [PMID: 36296949 PMCID: PMC9610923 DOI: 10.3390/nu14204263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Fluoride has no tangible health benefits other than preventing dental caries and there is a small difference between its minimum effective dose and its minimum toxic dose. Leading global organizations currently recommend fluoride supplementation because they recommend high-carbohydrate diets which can cause dental caries. Low-carbohydrate diets prevent dental caries making such fluoride recommendations largely unnecessary. A dental organization was among the first to initiate the public health recommendations which started fluoride-supplemented high-carbohydrate nutritional guidelines. This start required expert panels at this dental organization to reverse on three key scientific points between 1942 and 1949: (1) that topical fluoride had potential harms, (2) that dental caries was a marker for micronutrient deficiencies, and (3) that low-carbohydrate diets are to be recommended for dental caries prevention. Internal documents show that private interests motivated the events which led these expert panels to engage in pivotal scientific reversals. These private interests biased scientific processes and these reversals occurred largely in an absence of supporting evidence. It is concluded that private interests played a significant role in the start of public health endorsements of fluoride-supplemented high-carbohydrate nutritional guidelines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Philippe P. Hujoel
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; ; Tel.: +1-(206)-543-2034; Fax: +1-(206)-685-4258
- Department of Oral Health Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| |
Collapse
|
152
|
Chambers T, Hobbs M, Broadbent JM. An assessment of compliance with optimal fluoride levels for oral health benefit by New Zealand drinking water suppliers. J Public Health Dent 2022. [PMID: 36207282 DOI: 10.1111/jphd.12548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2022] [Revised: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Community water fluoridation (CWF) has proven oral health benefits. We investigated whether drinking water suppliers are meeting New Zealand CWF targets (0.7-1.0 ppm) to ensure these benefits. METHODS We retrieved fluoride testing data from 25 supplies serving 2,059,000 people (82% of people on a fluoridated supply), for the years 1992-2022 (22,220 weekly observations). We descriptively assessed compliance with fluoride targets in this convenience sample. RESULTS The mean fluoride level was 0.66 ppm (SD 0.28). Water suppliers achieved fluoride targets 54.1% of the time (range 4.2%-77.9%). Fluoride concentration fell short of the target in 42.2% of observations, exceeded but under the maximum acceptable value (MAV) in 3.6%, and in excess of the MAV in 0.1%. The percentage of compliant observations was greater in larger than smaller supplies. CONCLUSIONS Noncompliance with CWF targets was common. Epidemiological studies that rely on fluoridation status as their exposure may underestimate the oral health benefits of CWF. Our results highlight future challenges with the feasibility of expanding CWF under new legislation as well as the weaknesses in drinking water surveillance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tim Chambers
- Department of Public Health, Environment & Infection Research Unit, Department of Public Health, University of Otago, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Matt Hobbs
- GeoHealth Laboratory, Geospatial Research Institute, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand.,Faculty of Health, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Jonathan M Broadbent
- Department of Oral Sciences, Sir John Walsh Research, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| |
Collapse
|
153
|
Sierra-Sánchez AG, Martínez-Miranda V, Teutli-Sequeira EA, Linares-Hernández I, Vázquez-Mejía G, Castañeda-Juárez M. Defluoridation of drinking water by magnesium and aluminum electrocoagulation in continuous flow-rate: a response surface design. Environ Technol 2022; 43:3646-3660. [PMID: 34006194 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2021.1931468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The goal of this research is to apply an electrocoagulation process in continuous flow for the defluoridation of drinking water. Two sampling sites were studied, Temascalcingo (T), Mexico state and Jerecuaro (J), Guanajuato, with fluoride (F-) concentrations above the norms (2.3 mg L-1 and 4.5 mg L-1, respectively). In addition, a second Temascalcingo sample was enriched (TE) to 9.2 mg L-1 F- to study the effect of the F- concentration. A response surface design was proposed through a Box-Behnken model, and the variables studied were electrode system, flow-rate and current intensity. 51 experiments were performed with T-site to determine the best operating conditions for the system. These conditions were applied to the J-site. The experiments for T, Al/Al system achieves an F- concentration within permissible limits (0.72 mg L-1 F-) at 10 min of treatment, 0.2 A (Current density j 48.78 A m-2) and 10 mL min-1 with a removal efficiency of 68.69%, and after 160 min, the removal increased to 99.56%. AlMg/AlMg needs 10 min to achieve a concentration of 0.75 mg L-1 F- at 0.2 A (j 25 A m-2), 16 mL min-1 with a removal efficiency of 67.39%, and after 100 min, the removal is increased to 92.17%. An important and novel advantage is the use of AlMg allows an acceptable removal of F- (<1.5 mg L-1) at high and low concentrations in short periods of time; this also allows save energy costs and the effluent is free of residual aluminum, avoiding side effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ana Gabriela Sierra-Sánchez
- Instituto Interamericano de Tecnología y Ciencias de Agua (IITCA), Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México Toluca, México
| | - Verónica Martínez-Miranda
- Instituto Interamericano de Tecnología y Ciencias de Agua (IITCA), Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México Toluca, México
| | - Elia Alejandra Teutli-Sequeira
- Instituto Interamericano de Tecnología y Ciencias de Agua (IITCA), Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México Toluca, México
| | - Ivonne Linares-Hernández
- Instituto Interamericano de Tecnología y Ciencias de Agua (IITCA), Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México Toluca, México
| | - Guadalupe Vázquez-Mejía
- Instituto Interamericano de Tecnología y Ciencias de Agua (IITCA), Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México Toluca, México
| | - Monserrat Castañeda-Juárez
- Instituto Interamericano de Tecnología y Ciencias de Agua (IITCA), Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México Toluca, México
| |
Collapse
|
154
|
Jiang G, Jin L, Pan Q, Peng N, Meng Y, Huang L, Wang H. Structural modification of aluminum oxides for removing fluoride in water: crystal forms and metal ion doping. Environ Technol 2022; 43:3248-3261. [PMID: 33945450 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2021.1921044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, the effect of different crystal forms of Al2O3 on fluoride removal was studied. All crystal forms of Al2O3 were based on the same boehmite precursor and were obtained using a hydrothermal and calcination method. γ-Al2O3 had higher fluoride removal performance (52.15 mg/g) compared with θ-Al2O3 and α-Al2O3. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations confirmed that fluoride removal was greatest for γ-Al2O3, followed by θ-Al2O3 and α-Al2O3, and γ-Al2O3 possessed the strongest fluoride binding energy (-3.93 eV). The typical adsorption behaviour was consistent with the Langmuir model and pseudo-second-order model, indicating chemical and monolayer adsorption. Different metal ions were used to modify γ-Al2O3, and lanthanum had the best effect. Lanthanum oxide was shown to play an important role in fluoride removal. The best La/Al doping ratio was 20 At%. The adsorption process of the composite was also consistent with chemical and monolayer adsorption. When the La/Al doping rate was 20%, the adsorption capacity reached 94.64 mg/g. Compared with γ-Al2O3 (1.39 × 10-7 m/s), the adsorption rate of 20La-Al2O3 was 3.93 × 10-7 m/s according to the mass transfer model. Furthermore, DFT was used to provide insight into the adsorption mechanism, which was mainly driven by electrostatic attraction and ion exchange.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guomin Jiang
- School of Material Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, People's Republic of China
| | - Linfeng Jin
- School of Material Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, People's Republic of China
- School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha, People's Republic of China
- Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Control and Treatment of Heavy Metals Pollution, Changsha, People's Republic of China
| | - Qinglin Pan
- School of Material Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, People's Republic of China
| | - Ning Peng
- School of Material Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, People's Republic of China
- School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha, People's Republic of China
- Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Control and Treatment of Heavy Metals Pollution, Changsha, People's Republic of China
| | - Yun Meng
- School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha, People's Republic of China
- Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Control and Treatment of Heavy Metals Pollution, Changsha, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Huang
- School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha, People's Republic of China
- Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Control and Treatment of Heavy Metals Pollution, Changsha, People's Republic of China
| | - Haiying Wang
- School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha, People's Republic of China
- Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Control and Treatment of Heavy Metals Pollution, Changsha, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
155
|
Feng Z, An N, Yu F, Ma J, Li N, Du Y, Guo M, Xu K, Hou X, Li Z, Zhou G, Ba Y. Do methylenetetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase, cyclohydrolase, and formyltetrahydrofolate synthetase 1 polymorphisms modify changes in intelligence of school-age children in areas of endemic fluorosis? Chin Med J (Engl) 2022; 135:1846-54. [PMID: 35838408 DOI: 10.1097/CM9.0000000000002062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Excessive exposure to fluoride can reduce intelligence. Methylenetetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase, cyclohydrolase, and formyltetrahydrofolate synthetase 1 ( MTHFD1 ) polymorphisms have important roles in neurodevelopment. However, the association of MTHFD1 polymorphisms with children's intelligence changes in endemic fluorosis areas has been rarely explored. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted in four randomly selected primary schools in Tongxu County, Henan Province, from April to May in 2017. A total of 694 children aged 8 to 12 years were included in the study with the recruitment by the cluster sampling method. Urinary fluoride (UF) and urinary creatinine were separately determined using the fluoride ion-selective electrode and creatinine assay kit. Children were classified as the high fluoride group and control group according to the median of urinary creatinine-adjusted urinary fluoride (UF Cr ) level. Four loci of MTHFD1 were genotyped, and the Combined Raven's Test was used to evaluate children's intelligence quotient (IQ). Generalized linear model and multinomial logistic regression model were performed to analyze the associations between children's UF Cr level, MTHFD1 polymorphisms, and intelligence. The general linear model was used to explore the effects of gene-environment and gene-gene interaction on intelligence. RESULTS In the high fluoride group, children's IQ scores decreased by 2.502 when the UF Cr level increased by 1.0 mg/L (β = -2.502, 95% confidence interval [CI]:-4.411, -0.593), and the possibility for having "excellent" intelligence decreased by 46.3% (odds ratio = 0.537, 95% CI: 0.290, 0.994). Children with the GG genotype showed increased IQ scores than those with the AA genotype of rs11627387 locus in the high fluoride group ( P < 0.05). Interactions between fluoride exposure and MTHFD1 polymorphisms on intelligence were observed (Pinteraction < 0.05). CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that excessive fluoride exposure may have adverse effects on children's intelligence, and changes in children's intelligence may be associated with the interaction between fluoride and MTHFD1 polymorphisms.
Collapse
|
156
|
Ba Y, Yang S, Yu S, Hou X, Du Y, Gao M, Zuo J, Sun L, Fu X, Li Z, Huang H, Zhou G, Yu F. Role of Glycolysis/Gluconeogenesis and HIF-1 Signaling Pathways in Rats with Dental Fluorosis Integrated Proteomics and Metabolomics Analysis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23158266. [PMID: 35897842 PMCID: PMC9332816 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2022] [Revised: 07/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Fluoride is widely distributed, and excessive intake will lead to dental fluorosis. In this study, six offspring rats administrated 100 mg/L sodium fluoride were defined as the dental fluorosis group, and eight offspring rats who received pure water were defined as the control group. Differentially expressed proteins and metabolites extracted from peripheral blood were identified using the liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry and gas chromatography mass spectrometry, with the judgment criteria of fold change >1.2 or <0.83 and p < 0.05. A coexpression enrichment analysis using OmicsBean was conducted on the identified proteins and metabolites, and a false discovery rate (FDR) < 0.05 was considered significant. Human Protein Atlas was used to determine the subcellular distribution of hub proteins. The Gene Cards was used to verify results. A total of 123 up-regulated and 46 down-regulated proteins, and 12 up-regulated and 2 down-regulated metabolites were identified. The significant coexpression pathways were the HIF-1 (FDR = 1.86 × 10−3) and glycolysis/gluconeogenesis (FDR = 1.14 × 10−10). The results of validation analysis showed the proteins related to fluorine were mainly enriched in the cytoplasm and extrinsic component of the cytoplasmic side of the plasma membrane. The HIF-1 pathway (FDR = 1.01 × 10−7) was also identified. Therefore, the HIF-1 and glycolysis/gluconeogenesis pathways were significantly correlated with dental fluorosis.
Collapse
|
157
|
Arun AK, Rustveld L, Sunny A. Association between Water Fluoride Levels and Low Birth Weight: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2013-2016. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2022; 19. [PMID: 35897326 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19158956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2022] [Revised: 07/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Background: Excessive fluoride consumption affects reproductive and child health. We examined the association between levels of fluoride in drinking water and birth weight, in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2013−2016, after adjusting for known risk factors Low Birth Weight (LBW) including age, smoking, and socio-demographic variables including education, food security, health care access, and health status. Methods: The study included 7147 and 6858 women with complete birth weight and water fluoride data, respectively. Linear regression models evaluated the association between water fluoride and birth weight across racial/ethnic groups. The odds of delivering an LBW infant (<2500 g) compared to an infant weighing ≥ 2500 g, as well as the odds of delivering a Very Low Birth Weight (VLBW, <1500 g) infant compared to an LBW infant were explored in separate logistic regression models. Results: Women with LBW infants were exposed to significantly higher levels of water fluoride compared to those with normal birth weight infants. Our findings suggest a significant association between excess water fluoride exposure (>0.7 ppm) and LBW weight in Hispanic women, independent of established LBW risk factors. In logistic regression models, Hispanic women exposed to increased levels of water fluoride were 1.5 times more likely to give birth to an LBW infant and 3.5 more likely to give birth to a VLBW infant. Conclusion: Taken together, these findings can inform public health education strategies that highlight water fluoride as a potential risk factor during pregnancy in Hispanic women. More research is needed to confirm these findings.
Collapse
|
158
|
Mosayebi N, Toodehzaeim MH, Zandi H, Joshan N, Haerian A. Evaluation of the effects of fluoride mouth rinse and varnish on the early biofilm formation of Streptococcus mutans in two types of orthodontic adhesive resins: An in vitro study. Dent Res J (Isfahan) 2022; 19:54. [PMID: 36159056 PMCID: PMC9490252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Revised: 07/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of the present study is to compare the antibacterial effect of fluoride mouth rinse and fluoride varnish on the primary biofilm formation of Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) in two types of orthodontic adhesives. MATERIALS AND METHODS This is an in vitro study in which forty composite discs of Transbond XT and Lightbond were divided randomly into 4 groups: Group 1: Control group (not treated with fluoride), Group 2: Rinsed by 0.2% fluoride mouth rinse, Group 3: Rinsed by 0.05% fluoride mouth rinse, and Group 4: Treated by varnish fluoride. Then each group was placed in S. mutans suspension. Bacterial suspension from each treatment was subcultured onto the surface of Mueller-Hinton agar plates, and bacterial growth was assessed. The results were analyzed by analysis of variance test and Scheffé test was run to compute the binary groups (P < 0.05). RESULTS There was a statistically significant reduction in the viability of S. mutans in treated groups by fluoride but no significant difference between two types of composites. CONCLUSION The results of this study demonstrated that S. mutans colonies were sensitive to fluoride and their most effective form was varnish. There was no significant difference in early biofilm formation of S. mutans in two types of orthodontic adhesive resins Transbond XT and Lightbond.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Neda Mosayebi
- Department of Orthodontics, Dental Research Center, Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran,Address for correspondence: Dr. Neda Mosayebi, Dental Research Center, Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran. E-mail:
| | | | - Hengameh Zandi
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Neda Joshan
- Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Alireza Haerian
- Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
159
|
Mesa-Infante V, Niebla-Canelo D, Alejandro-Vega S, Gutiérrez ÁJ, Rubio-Armendáriz C, Hardisson A, Paz S. Fluoride Exposure from Soybean Beverage Consumption: A Toxic Risk Assessment. Foods 2022; 11:2121. [PMID: 35885364 DOI: 10.3390/foods11142121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2022] [Revised: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The consumption of vegetable milk as a substitute for cow's milk has increased in recent years. Of all the vegetable beverages on the market, soy is the most widely consumed. Soy is exposed to contamination by different chemical elements during harvesting. In this study, the concentration of fluoride in soy beverages was analyzed. Fluoride is an element that in high concentrations can be toxic, causing dental and bone fluorosis. The aims of the study were (i) to analyze the fluoride concentration in 30 samples in the most popular brands (A-Brand, B-Brand, C-Brand) of soybean beverages by a fluoride ion selective potentiometer and (ii) to evaluate the toxicological risk derived from its consumption. The fluoride concentrations were 15.5 mg/L (A-Brand), 11.3 mg/L (B-Brand) and 8.5 mg/L (C-Brand). A consumption of 1 to 3 servings/day was established. One serving (200 mL) of soybean beverage offered a contribution percentage over the ADI (acceptable daily intake) for infants and children. Teenagers and adults did not exceed the ADI (10 mg/day). The consumption of soy beverages contributes significantly to the daily intake of fluoride, which could exceed the ADI with a consequent health risk. It is recommended to control the fluoride levels in the raw material and in the final product to assure the safety of these products.
Collapse
|
160
|
Butera A, Gallo S, Pascadopoli M, Montasser MA, Abd El Latief MH, Modica GG, Scribante A. Home Oral Care with Biomimetic Hydroxyapatite vs. Conventional Fluoridated Toothpaste for the Remineralization and Desensitizing of White Spot Lesions: Randomized Clinical Trial. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2022; 19:ijerph19148676. [PMID: 35886524 PMCID: PMC9317292 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19148676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2022] [Revised: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Biomimetic hydroxyapatite-based toothpastes have been investigated in recent years for their remineralizing activity on dental surfaces. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the efficacy of toothpaste containing biomimetic hydroxyapatite versus a 1450 pppm fluoride one in promoting the remineralization and desensitization of white spot lesions. Methods: 40 patients were randomly assigned to two different domiciliary oral hygiene treatments: toothpaste containing 1450 ppm of fluoride (control group) and toothpaste containing biomimetic hydroxyapatite (experimental group). Dental sensitivity/pain and dental erosion were assessed at baseline and after 15, 30, and 90 days using the following indexes: Schiff Air Index (SAI), Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), and Basic Erosive Wear Examination (BEWE). Results: Data were submitted for statistical analysis. SAI significantly decreased after 3 months (T3) of treatment only in the Trial group (p < 0.05). VAS values significantly decreased at T2 in the trial group (p < 0.05) with a further significant reduction at T3 (p < 0.05). BEWE scores did not significantly vary during the follow up neither in the trial nor in the control group. Conclusions: The hydroxyapatite-based toothpaste tested caused a reduction of hypersensitivity/pain values higher than conventional fluoride toothpaste.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Butera
- Unit of Dental Hygiene, Section of Dentistry, Department of Clinical, Surgical, Diagnostic and Pediatric Sciences, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (A.B.); (G.G.M.)
| | - Simone Gallo
- Unit of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, Section of Dentistry, Department of Clinical, Surgical, Diagnostic and Pediatric Sciences, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
- Correspondence: (S.G.); (M.P.); (A.S.)
| | - Maurizio Pascadopoli
- Unit of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, Section of Dentistry, Department of Clinical, Surgical, Diagnostic and Pediatric Sciences, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
- Correspondence: (S.G.); (M.P.); (A.S.)
| | - Mona A. Montasser
- Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt; (M.A.M.); (M.H.A.E.L.)
| | - Mohammad H. Abd El Latief
- Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt; (M.A.M.); (M.H.A.E.L.)
| | - Gioia Giada Modica
- Unit of Dental Hygiene, Section of Dentistry, Department of Clinical, Surgical, Diagnostic and Pediatric Sciences, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (A.B.); (G.G.M.)
| | - Andrea Scribante
- Unit of Dental Hygiene, Section of Dentistry, Department of Clinical, Surgical, Diagnostic and Pediatric Sciences, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (A.B.); (G.G.M.)
- Unit of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, Section of Dentistry, Department of Clinical, Surgical, Diagnostic and Pediatric Sciences, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
- Correspondence: (S.G.); (M.P.); (A.S.)
| |
Collapse
|
161
|
Goodman CV, Hall M, Green R, Chevrier J, Ayotte P, Martinez-Mier EA, McGuckin T, Krzeczkowski J, Flora D, Hornung R, Lanphear B, Till C. Iodine Status Modifies the Association between Fluoride Exposure in Pregnancy and Preschool Boys' Intelligence. Nutrients 2022; 14:2920. [PMID: 35889877 PMCID: PMC9319869 DOI: 10.3390/nu14142920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/07/2022] Open
Abstract
In animal studies, the combination of in utero fluoride exposure and low iodine has greater negative effects on offspring learning and memory than either alone, but this has not been studied in children. We evaluated whether the maternal urinary iodine concentration (MUIC) modifies the association between maternal urinary fluoride (MUF) and boys' and girls' intelligence. We used data from 366 mother-child dyads in the Maternal-Infant Research on Environmental Chemicals Study. We corrected trimester-specific MUF and MUIC for creatinine, and averaged them to yield our exposure variables (MUFCRE, mg/g; MUICCRE, µg/g). We assessed children's full-scale intelligence (FSIQ) at 3 to 4 years. Using multiple linear regression, we estimated a three-way interaction between MUFCRE, MUICCRE, and child sex on FSIQ, controlling for covariates. The MUICCRE by MUFCRE interaction was significant for boys (p = 0.042), but not girls (p = 0.190). For boys whose mothers had low iodine, a 0.5 mg/g increase in MUFCRE was associated with a 4.65-point lower FSIQ score (95% CI: -7.67, -1.62). For boys whose mothers had adequate iodine, a 0.5 mg/g increase in MUFCRE was associated with a 2.95-point lower FSIQ score (95% CI: -4.77, -1.13). These results suggest adequate iodine intake during pregnancy may minimize fluoride's neurotoxicity in boys.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carly V. Goodman
- Department of Psychology, York University, Toronto, ONT M3J 1P3, Canada; (C.V.G.); (M.H.); (R.G.); (T.M.); (J.K.); (D.F.)
| | - Meaghan Hall
- Department of Psychology, York University, Toronto, ONT M3J 1P3, Canada; (C.V.G.); (M.H.); (R.G.); (T.M.); (J.K.); (D.F.)
| | - Rivka Green
- Department of Psychology, York University, Toronto, ONT M3J 1P3, Canada; (C.V.G.); (M.H.); (R.G.); (T.M.); (J.K.); (D.F.)
| | - Jonathan Chevrier
- Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics, and Occupational Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 1G1, Canada;
| | - Pierre Ayotte
- Département de Médecine Sociale et Préventive, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada;
| | - Esperanza Angeles Martinez-Mier
- Cariology, Operative Dentistry and Dental Public Health, Indiana University School of Dentistry, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA;
| | - Taylor McGuckin
- Department of Psychology, York University, Toronto, ONT M3J 1P3, Canada; (C.V.G.); (M.H.); (R.G.); (T.M.); (J.K.); (D.F.)
| | - John Krzeczkowski
- Department of Psychology, York University, Toronto, ONT M3J 1P3, Canada; (C.V.G.); (M.H.); (R.G.); (T.M.); (J.K.); (D.F.)
| | - David Flora
- Department of Psychology, York University, Toronto, ONT M3J 1P3, Canada; (C.V.G.); (M.H.); (R.G.); (T.M.); (J.K.); (D.F.)
| | - Richard Hornung
- Pediatrics and Environmental Health, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA;
| | - Bruce Lanphear
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada;
| | - Christine Till
- Department of Psychology, York University, Toronto, ONT M3J 1P3, Canada; (C.V.G.); (M.H.); (R.G.); (T.M.); (J.K.); (D.F.)
| |
Collapse
|
162
|
Terakulvanich P, Auychaiwatt P, Ekkert S, Jirakran K, Trairatvorakul C, Sriarj W. Fluoridated milk enhances the mineral density of artificial proximal carious lesions in situ. Acta Odontol Scand 2022; 80:346-353. [PMID: 34903116 DOI: 10.1080/00016357.2021.2014067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare the mineral density (MD) of non-fluoridated-milk (non-F-milk), fluoridated-milk (F-milk), adjunctive to 1000-ppm-fluoride dentifrice (FD), and 1000-ppm-FD alone of proximal artificial enamel carious lesions (AECL) in high caries-risk patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS This double-blind, cross-over in situ study comprised seven high caries-risk volunteers. Orthodontic brackets with one slab of AECL were fixed randomly to each volunteer per phase. The study comprised three experimental periods with a 7-d wash-out period using FD between sessions; (1) A four-week tooth brushing with FD 2×/day by all subjects as a control. The participants were then randomly allocated to (2) drinking 2.5-ppm-F-milk 1×/day or (3) non-F-milk 1×/day, adjunctive to tooth-brushing with FD for 4-weeks. The subjects crossed over from each type of milk and continued the same protocol for another four weeks. After each phase, the MD of each specimen was analyzed using micro-computed tomography (Micro-CT). RESULTS The baseline MD was not significantly differences (p = .653). When brushing with FD and drinking F-milk, the MD gain was significantly higher (11.68 ± 2.89%) compared with brushing with FD and drinking non-F-milk (4.59 ± 1.78%) (p = .003) or brushing with FD alone (5.30 ± 2.10%) (p = .003). CONCLUSIONS F-milk adjunctive to FD significantly increased MD gain compared with non-F-milk + FD or FD alone.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Ketsupar Jirakran
- Maximizing Thai Children’s Developmental Potential Research Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Chutima Trairatvorakul
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Wannakorn Sriarj
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| |
Collapse
|
163
|
Bapat SA, Shashikiran ND, Gugawad S, Gaonkar N, Taur S, Hadakar S, Chaudhari P. Effect of non-thermal atmospheric pressure plasma and ErCr:YSGG LASER activation of three fluoride varnishes on surface re-mineralization of enamel: A SEM-EDX analysis. J Indian Soc Pedod Prev Dent 2022; 40:324-329. [PMID: 36260475 DOI: 10.4103/jisppd.jisppd_113_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dental remineralization is the process of transporting minerals from the surrounding environment (i.e., saliva and biofilm) into partially demineralized tooth structures. Remineralization can be induced by professional therapies such as fluoride-based treatments that have the highest level of supporting evidence. High-intensity LASER and nonthermal atmospheric pressure plasma therapy have been known to increase the resistance of enamel to demineralization by surface modification. AIM The aim of the study was to evaluate and compare the surface remineralization of enamel using ErCr:YSGG LASER and nonthermal atmospheric pressure plasma (NTP) activation with three different fluoride varnishes. METHODOLOGY Sixty-eight extracted premolars were used which were sectioned mesiodistally to obtain 135 specimens and artificial caries were induced on the experimental surface. They were then randomly divided into three groups (n = 45): MI Varnish (GC Japan), Vanish Varnish (3M ESPE), and Embrace Varnish (Pulpdent). After varnish application, these groups were further divided into three subgroups based on the activation therapy used. Fifteen samples from each group were treated with ErCr:YSGG LASER, 15 samples with NTP, and 15 samples were the control that did not undergo activation. After 9 days of pH cycling, the mean ion concentration of the surface calcium and phosphate ions was recorded using FEG-SEM and EDX analysis. The data were statistically analyzed. RESULTS One-way ANOVA and post hoc Tukey test accepting P < 0.05 were performed for comparisons between all analyses groups. Vanish Varnish showed a higher Ca/P ratio in LASER, NTP, and control subgroups, followed by MI Varnish and Embrace Varnish. ErCr:YSGG LASER therapy showed an improved Ca/P ratio in all varnishes than NTP therapy and control. CONCLUSION ErCr:YSGG LASER therapy showed positive effects toward improving the Ca/P, followed by NTP therapy as compared to control in all three varnishes indicating their role in enhancing the effects of remineralization. Vanish Varnish showed a higher Ca/P ratio indicating better remineralization post activation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shreya Arun Bapat
- Department of Paediatric and Preventive Dentistry, School of Dental Sciences, Krishna Institute of Medical Sciences Deemed-to-be University, Karad, Maharashtra, India
| | - N D Shashikiran
- Department of Paediatric and Preventive Dentistry, School of Dental Sciences, Krishna Institute of Medical Sciences Deemed-to-be University, Karad, Maharashtra, India
| | - Sachin Gugawad
- Department of Paediatric and Preventive Dentistry, School of Dental Sciences, Krishna Institute of Medical Sciences Deemed-to-be University, Karad, Maharashtra, India
| | - Namrata Gaonkar
- Department of Paediatric and Preventive Dentistry, School of Dental Sciences, Krishna Institute of Medical Sciences Deemed-to-be University, Karad, Maharashtra, India
| | - Swapnil Taur
- Department of Paediatric and Preventive Dentistry, School of Dental Sciences, Krishna Institute of Medical Sciences Deemed-to-be University, Karad, Maharashtra, India
| | - Savita Hadakar
- Department of Paediatric and Preventive Dentistry, School of Dental Sciences, Krishna Institute of Medical Sciences Deemed-to-be University, Karad, Maharashtra, India
| | - Pradnya Chaudhari
- Department of Paediatric and Preventive Dentistry, School of Dental Sciences, Krishna Institute of Medical Sciences Deemed-to-be University, Karad, Maharashtra, India
| |
Collapse
|
164
|
Knappett PSK, Farias P, Miller GR, Hoogesteger J, Li Y, Mendoza‐Sanchez I, Woodward RT, Hernandez H, Loza‐Aguirre I, Datta S, Huang Y, Carrillo G, Roh T, Terrell D. A Systems Approach to Remediating Human Exposure to Arsenic and Fluoride From Overexploited Aquifers. Geohealth 2022; 6:e2022GH000592. [PMID: 35799913 PMCID: PMC9250112 DOI: 10.1029/2022gh000592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Revised: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
In semiarid agricultural regions, aquifers have watered widespread economic development. Falling water tables, however, drive up energy costs and can make the water toxic for human consumption. The study area is located in central Mexico, where arsenic and fluoride are widely present at toxic concentrations in well water. We simulated the holistic outcomes from three pumping scenarios over 100 years (2020-2120); (S1) pumping rates increase at a similar rate to the past 40 years, (S2) remain constant, or (S3) decrease. Under scenario S1, by 2120, the depth to water table increased to 426 m and energy consumption for irrigation increased to 4 × 109 kWh/yr. Arsenic and fluoride concentrations increased from 14 to 46 μg/L and 1.0 to 3.6 mg/L, respectively. The combined estimated IQ point decrements from drinking untreated well water lowered expected incomes in 2120 by 27% compared to what they would be with negligible exposure levels. We calculated the 100-year Net Present Value (NPV) of each scenario assuming the 2020 average crop value to water footprint ratio of 0.12 USD/m3. Without drinking water mitigation, S1 and S3 yielded relative NPVs of -5.96 × 109 and 1.51 × 109 USD, respectively, compared to the base case (S2). The relative NPV of providing blanket reverse osmosis treatment, while keeping pumping constant (S2), was 11.55 × 109 USD and this gain increased when combined with decreased pumping (S3). If a high value, low water footprint crop was substituted (broccoli, 1.51 USD/m3), the net gains from increasing pumping were similar in size to those of implementing blanket drinking water treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - P. Farias
- Environmental HealthInstituto Nacional de Salud PúblicaCuernavacaMéxico
| | - G. R. Miller
- Civil & Environmental EngineeringTexas A&M UniversityCollege StationTXUSA
| | - J. Hoogesteger
- Water Resources ManagementWageningen UniversityWageningenThe Netherlands
| | - Y. Li
- Mines, Metallurgy and Geology EngineeringUniversity of GuanajuatoGuanajuatoMéxico
| | | | - R. T. Woodward
- Agricultural EconomicsTexas A&M UniversityCollege StationTXUSA
| | - H. Hernandez
- Geomatic and Hydraulic EngineeringUniversity of GuanajuatoGuanajuatoMéxico
| | - I. Loza‐Aguirre
- Mines, Metallurgy and Geology EngineeringUniversity of GuanajuatoGuanajuatoMéxico
| | - S. Datta
- Geological SciencesUniversity of Texas at San AntonioSan AntonioTXUSA
| | - Y. Huang
- Geology & GeophysicsTexas A&M UniversityCollege StationTXUSA
| | - G. Carrillo
- Public HealthTexas A&M UniversityCollege StationTXUSA
| | - T. Roh
- Public HealthTexas A&M UniversityCollege StationTXUSA
| | - D. Terrell
- Caminos de AguaSan Miguel de AllendeMéxico
| |
Collapse
|
165
|
Yan L, Gu W, Zhou N, Ye C, Yang Y. Preparation and characterization of wheat straw biochar loaded with aluminium/lanthanum hydroxides: a novel adsorbent for removing fluoride from drinking water. Environ Technol 2022; 43:2771-2784. [PMID: 33719868 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2021.1903563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In this work, a novel adsorbent of aluminium/lanthanum loaded wheat straw biochar (Al-La-WSB), was prepared by using a facile approach and used for fluoride removal. The Al-La-WSB and its pristine wheat straw biochar (WSB) were characterized by scanning electronic microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), and X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) methods. Batch adsorption experiments were carried out to investigate adsorbent performance, the highest removal rate was observed at pH 9, contact time of 7 h and Al-La-WSB dose of 1 g L-1. Lagergren pseudo-second-order kinetics and Langmuir isotherm model fitted the experimental data well. The maximum fluoride adsorption capacity of Al-La-WSB at different experiment temperature of 298, 308 and 318 K, was 51.28 mg g-1, 46.73 mg g-1 and 50.25 mg g-1, respectively, which was better than most reported adsorbents. The Al-La-WSB performed well over a considerable wide pH range of 3-10 and carried positive charge at pH < 4.8. The presence co-existing ions of SO42-, HCO3-, Cl- and NO3- had a minor impact on fluoride adsorption besides PO43-. Regeneration experiment results showed that the Al-La-WSB had an excellent reusability. According to the adsorbent characterization and batch adsorption experiment, the adsorption of fluoride on the Al-La-WSB was primarily a chemisorption, involving electrostatic interactions and ion exchange, which nitrate ion and hydroxyl played a major role. The results suggested that the Al-La-WSB could be a great adsorbent for removing fluoride from drinking water.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ling Yan
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Nangtong University, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Weishi Gu
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Nangtong University, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Nan Zhou
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Nangtong University, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Changqing Ye
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Nangtong University, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuhuan Yang
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Nangtong University, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, WI, USA
| |
Collapse
|
166
|
Dos Santos VRN, Ferreira MKM, Bittencourt LO, Mendes PFS, Souza-Monteiro D, Balbinot KM, Pinheiro JJV, Charone S, Pessan JP, Lima RR. Maternal Fluoride Exposure Exerts Different Toxicity Patterns in Parotid and Submandibular Glands of Offspring Rats. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:7217. [PMID: 35806221 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23137217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
There is currently a controversial and heated debate about the safety and ethical aspects of fluoride (F) used for human consumption. Thus, this study assessed the effects of prenatal and postnatal F exposure of rats on the salivary glands of their offspring. Pregnant rats were exposed to 0, 10, or 50 mg F/L from the drinking water, from the first day of gestation until offspring weaning (42 days). The offspring rats were euthanized for the collection of the parotid (PA) and submandibular (SM) glands, to assess the oxidative biochemistry and to perform morphometric and immunohistochemical analyses. F exposure was associated with a decrease in the antioxidant competence of PA in the 10 mg F/L group, contrasting with the increase observed in the 50 mg F/L group. On the other hand, the antioxidant competence of the SM glands was decreased at both concentrations. Moreover, both 10 and 50 mg F/L groups showed lower anti-α-smooth muscle actin immunostaining area in SM, while exposure to 50 mg F/L was associated with changes in gland morphometry by increasing the duct area in both glands. These findings demonstrate a greater susceptibility of the SM glands of the offspring to F at high concentration in comparison to PA, reinforcing the need to adhere to the optimum F levels recommended by the regulatory agencies. Such findings must be interpreted with caution, especially considering their translational meaning.
Collapse
|
167
|
Jakubczyk K, Ligenza A, Gutowska I, Janda-Milczarek K. Fluoride Content of Matcha Tea Depending on Leaf Harvest Time and Brewing Conditions. Nutrients 2022; 14:2550. [PMID: 35745280 DOI: 10.3390/nu14122550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Revised: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Matcha, or powdered green tea (Camellia sinensis) of the Tencha type, is popular all around the world, and its consumption continues to rise. Because of its unique cultivation method, it is rich in phytochemicals and has many health-promoting properties; it contains high concentrations of polyphenols, theanine and chlorophyll. Tea, and by extension matcha, contains numerous minerals, one of which is fluorine. Under physiological conditions, this mineral plays a significant role in hard tissue mineralisation processes. However, even in low concentrations, with prolonged exposure, fluoride can accumulate in the body, leading to a number of harmful effects. The aim of this study was to evaluate, for the first time, the fluoride content of the matcha infusions from different harvests, brewed using water at different temperatures (25 °C, 70 °C, 80 °C and 90 °C). The content of fluoride ions was measured by the potentiometric method. The fluoride content ranged from 3.36 to 4.03 mg/L and was dependent on both the leaf harvest time and brewing temperature. The concentration of this mineral in the dry powder ranged from 118.39 to 121.65 mg/kg. Irrespective of the water temperature or harvest time, matcha was found to have a high fluoride content, with particularly high concentrations being noted in the powder itself.
Collapse
|
168
|
Strużycka I, Olszewska A, Bogusławska-Kapała A, Hryhorowicz S, Kaczmarek-Ryś M, Grabarek BO, Staszkiewicz R, Kuciel-Polczak I, Czajka-Jakubowska A. Assessing Fluorosis Incidence in Areas with Low Fluoride Content in the Drinking Water, Fluorotic Enamel Architecture, and Composition Alterations. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2022; 19. [PMID: 35742396 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19127153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Revised: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
There is currently no consensus among researchers on the optimal level of fluoride for human growth and health. As drinking water is not the sole source of fluoride for humans, and fluoride can be found in many food sources, this work aimed to determine the incidence and severity of dental fluorosis in Poland, in areas where a low fluoride content characterizes the drinking water, and to assess the impact of fluoride on the enamel composition and microstructure. The dental examination involved 696 patients (aged 15−25 years) who had since birth lived in areas where the fluoride concentration in drinking water did not exceed 0.25 mg/L. The severity of the condition was evaluated using the Dean’s Index. Both healthy teeth and teeth with varying degrees of fluorosis underwent laboratory tests designed to assess the total protein and fluoride content of the enamel. Protein amount was assessed spectrophotometrically while the level of fluoride ions was measured by DX-120 ion chromatography. The clinical study revealed 89 cases (12.8%) of dental fluorosis of varying severity. The enamel of teeth with mild and moderate fluorosis contained a significantly higher protein (p-value < 0.001 and 0.002, respectively) and fluoride level (p < 0.001) than those with no clinical signs of fluorosis. SEM images showed irregularities in the structure of the fluorotic enamel. An excessive fluoride level during amelogenesis leads to adverse changes in the chemical composition of tooth enamel and its structure. Moreover, dental fluorosis present in areas where drinking water is low in fluorides indicates a need to monitor the supply of fluoride from other possible sources, regardless of its content in the water.
Collapse
|
169
|
Yousaf M, Aslam T, Saeed S, Sarfraz A, Sarfraz Z, Cherrez-Ojeda I. Individual, Family, and Socioeconomic Contributors to Dental Caries in Children from Low- and Middle-Income Countries. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2022; 19. [PMID: 35742362 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19127114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2022] [Revised: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Introduction: Collective evidence on risk factors for dental caries remains elusive in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). The objective was to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis on risk factors for dental caries in deciduous or permanent teeth in LMICs. Methods: Studies were identified electronically through databases, including Cochrane Oral Health Group Trials Register, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, PubMed/MEDLINE, and CINAHL, using “prevalence, dental caries, child, family, socioeconomic, and LMIC” as the keywords. A total of 11 studies fit the inclusion criteria. Quality assessment of the included studies was performed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS). The MedCalc software and Review Manager 5.4.1 were used. Results: From 11,115 participants, 38.7% (95% CI: 28.4−49.5%) had caries and 49.68% were female. Among those with caries, 69.74% consumed sugary drinks/sweets (95% CI: 47.84−87.73%) and 56.87% (95% CI: 35.39−77.08%) had good brushing habits. Sugary drinks had a two times higher likelihood of leading to caries (OR: 2.04, p < 0.001). Good oral hygiene reduced the risk of caries by 35% (OR: 0.65, p < 0.001). Concerning maternal education, only secondary education reduced the likelihood of caries (OR: 0.96), but primary education incurred 25% higher risks (OR: 1.25, p = 0.03). A 65% reduction was computed when caregivers helped children with tooth brushing (OR: 0.35, p = 0.04). Most families had a low socioeconomic status (SES) (35.9%, 95% CI: 16.73−57.79), which increased the odds of caries by 52% (OR: 1.52, p < 0.001); a high SES had a 3% higher chance of caries. In the entire sample, 44.44% (95% CI: 27.73−61.82%) of individuals had access to dental services or had visited a dental service provider. Conclusion: Our findings demonstrate that high sugar consumption, low maternal education, and low and high socioeconomic status (SES) increased the risk of dental caries in LMICs. Good brushing habits, higher maternal education, help with tooth brushing, and middle SES provided protection against caries across LMIC children. Limiting sugars, improving oral health education, incorporating national fluoride exposure programs, and accounting for sociodemographic limitations are essential for reducing the prevalence of dental caries in these settings.
Collapse
|
170
|
Alshehri TD, Kotha SB, Abed FM, Barry MJ, AlAsmari A, Mallineni SK. Effect of the Addition of Varying Concentrations of Silver Nanoparticles on the Fluoride Uptake and Recharge of Glass Ionomer Cement. Nanomaterials (Basel) 2022; 12:nano12121971. [PMID: 35745312 PMCID: PMC9228982 DOI: 10.3390/nano12121971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Revised: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to compare the amount of fluoride uptake and the recharge and release characteristics of conventional glass ionomer cement (GIC) without any additives in comparison to conventional glass ionomer cement supplemented with silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) at two concentrations: 0.1% and 0.2% (w/w). A total of 60 specimens were used in this in vitro study. The sample was divided into six groups—including three groups without fluoride charge: Group 1 (conventional GIC), Group 2 (GIC with 0.1% silver nanoparticles), and Group 3 (GIC with 0.2% silver nanoparticles; and three groups with fluoride charge: Group 4 (conventional GIC with fluoride); Group 5 (GIC with 0.1% silver nanoparticles with fluoride); Group 6 (GIC with 0.2% silver nanoparticles with fluoride), where Group 1 is considered the control group and the other five groups are used as the test groups. The amount of fluoride released was measured on days 1, 2, 7, 15, and 30. The comparisons were made between the groups with and without fluoride and among all the groups. A significant difference in the amount of fluoride released was observed between the groups, with the highest amount occurring in Group 1, followed by Group 2; the lowest amount of fluoride released was observed in Group 3 (p < 0.05). The groups with fluoride recharge (Groups 4, 5, and 6) exhibited a higher amount of fluoride release than the groups with no recharge (Groups 1, 2, and 3); however, Group 1 has more fluoride release compared to all other groups on days 1, 2, 7, 15, and 30 (p < 0.05). The amount of released fluoride decreased from day 1 to day 30 in all of the groups in the study. Despite the antimicrobial and anticariogenic benefits of adding silver nanoparticles to GIC, it seems that fluoride release characteristics are significantly affected by the addition of this material. This may force the clinician to a compromise between the antimicrobial benefit of silver nanoparticles and the remineralizing advantage of fluoride.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Turki D. Alshehri
- Ministry of Health, Abha Maternity and Children Hospital, Abha 62562, Saudi Arabia;
- Preventive Dentistry Department, Pediatric Dentistry Division, College of Dentistry, Riyadh Elm University (REU), Riyadh 13244, Saudi Arabia; (F.M.A.); (M.J.B.); (A.A.)
| | - Sunil Babu Kotha
- Preventive Dentistry Department, Pediatric Dentistry Division, College of Dentistry, Riyadh Elm University (REU), Riyadh 13244, Saudi Arabia; (F.M.A.); (M.J.B.); (A.A.)
- Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Sharad Pawar Dental College and Hospital, Datta Meghe Institute of Medical Sciences (Deemed to be University), Wardha 442004, India
- Correspondence: or (S.B.K.); or (S.K.M.); Tel.: +966-05077-80161 (S.K.M.)
| | - Faisal Mohammed Abed
- Preventive Dentistry Department, Pediatric Dentistry Division, College of Dentistry, Riyadh Elm University (REU), Riyadh 13244, Saudi Arabia; (F.M.A.); (M.J.B.); (A.A.)
- Ministry of Health Specialized Dental Center, King Fahd General Hospital, Madinah 42315, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed J. Barry
- Preventive Dentistry Department, Pediatric Dentistry Division, College of Dentistry, Riyadh Elm University (REU), Riyadh 13244, Saudi Arabia; (F.M.A.); (M.J.B.); (A.A.)
- Ministry of Health, Specialized Dental Center, Ohod Hospital, Madinah 42315, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulrahman AlAsmari
- Preventive Dentistry Department, Pediatric Dentistry Division, College of Dentistry, Riyadh Elm University (REU), Riyadh 13244, Saudi Arabia; (F.M.A.); (M.J.B.); (A.A.)
- Ministry of Health, Al Qunfudah Dental Center, Al Qunfudah 28821, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sreekanth Kumar Mallineni
- Department of Preventive Science, College of Dentistry, Majmaah University, Almajmaah 11952, Saudi Arabia
- Center for Transdisciplinary Research (CFTR), Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha Dental College, Saveetha University, Chennai 600077, India
- Correspondence: or (S.B.K.); or (S.K.M.); Tel.: +966-05077-80161 (S.K.M.)
| |
Collapse
|
171
|
Park M, Jung K, Cho HS, Min JJ. Renal injury from sevoflurane in noncardiac surgery: a retrospective cohort study. Br J Anaesth 2022:S0007-0912(22)00236-7. [PMID: 35688659 DOI: 10.1016/j.bja.2022.04.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Revised: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sevoflurane is metabolised into Compound A and fluoride that carry a hypothetical risk of nephrotoxicity. However, a clinically significant association between sevoflurane use and acute kidney injury (AKI) in humans has not been established. METHODS We retrospectively reviewed 15 552 patients who underwent noncardiac surgery under general anaesthesia using a volatile agent lasting >3 h between July 2016 and May 2019 at a single centre. Patients were divided into a sevoflurane group or no sevoflurane group (desflurane or isoflurane). The primary outcome was incidence of postoperative AKI, which was defined based on the Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes criteria using creatinine concentration within 48 h postoperatively. Propensity score analysis using inverse probability of treatment weighting and propensity score matching was designed to compare outcomes between groups. RESULTS Amongst 13 701 included patients, 11 070 (80.8%) received sevoflurane during anaesthesia. The incidence of AKI was 2.3% (257/11 070) and 2.5% (66/2631) in the sevoflurane and no sevoflurane groups, respectvely (P=0.57). After inverse probability of treatment weighting adjustment, sevoflurane anaesthesia was not significantly associated with postoperative AKI (odds ratio [OR] 1.32; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.99-1.76; P=0.059). In the matched cohort, the incidence of AKI was 3.1% (81/2626) and 2.4% (62/2626) in the sevoflurane and no sevoflurane groups, respectively, and sevoflurane anaesthesia was not associated with postoperative AKI (OR 1.32; 95% CI: 0.94-1.86; P=0.11). CONCLUSIONS Sevoflurane anaesthesia for >3 h was not associated with postoperative renal injury compared with anaesthesia using other volatile agents.
Collapse
|
172
|
Khanna S, Sarin A, Mishra AK, Bhagat JK, Kumari A, Gosai H. Influence of the Type of Topical Fluoride Delivery at Various Restoration Time Points on the Micro-Shear Bond Strength of a Resin-Based Composite on Bleached Tooth Enamel. Cureus 2022; 14:e25811. [PMID: 35822133 PMCID: PMC9271216 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.25811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background This study aimed to evaluate the micro-shear bond strength (mSBS) of an adhesive applied to bleached enamel to determine the effects of fluoride supply and restoration time on the mSBS. Methodology In this study, we bleached 130 samples of enamel and split them into the following three groups of 40 each: group MI: McInnes bleaching solution; group MIF: McInnes bleaching solution + topical acidulated phosphate fluoride gel; group FMI: 2% fluoridated McInnes bleaching solution. Non-bleaching or fluoridation was performed on a group of 10. Subgroups were created for each group (except for the control) to be restored for seven, 14, or 21 days. The mSBS test was performed on a universal testing machine after Tygon tubes were filled with composite resin and put on enamel surfaces. Tukey’s post-hoc test (p = 0.05) and two-way analysis of variance were employed to analyze the data. Results The mSBS values obtained for all groups immediately and after seven days were lower, while at 14 and 21 days were similar to the control group. According to the data, group FMI had greater mSBS levels than groups MI and MIF, both immediately and seven days later. Conclusions When in-office bleaching was employed, only the fluoride McInnes solution was successful in quickly correcting the adverse effects of low mSBS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shreya Khanna
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Government Dental College, Jamanagar, IND
| | - Aditi Sarin
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Dentcraft Dental Clinic, Noida, IND
| | - Amit Kumar Mishra
- Department of Prosthodontics, Vananchal Dental College and Hospital, Garhwa, IND
| | - Jaimesh Kumar Bhagat
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Mithila Minority Dental College and Hospital, Darbhanga, IND
| | - Amrita Kumari
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Vananchal Dental College and Hospital, Garhwa, IND
| | - Hasmukh Gosai
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Siddhpur Dental College and Hospital, Gandhinagar, IND
| |
Collapse
|
173
|
Di Paola D, Capparucci F, Lanteri G, Crupi R, Marino Y, Franco GA, Cuzzocrea S, Spanò N, Gugliandolo E, Peritore AF. Environmental Toxicity Assessment of Sodium Fluoride and Platinum-Derived Drugs Co-Exposure on Aquatic Organisms. Toxics 2022; 10:toxics10050272. [PMID: 35622686 PMCID: PMC9145728 DOI: 10.3390/toxics10050272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Revised: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Pharmaceuticals are widely acknowledged to be a threat to aquatic life. Over the last two decades, the steady use of biologically active chemicals for human health has been mirrored by a rise in the leaking of these chemicals into natural environments. The aim of this work was to detect the toxicity of sodium fluoride (NaF) exposure and platinum-derived drugs in an ecological setting on aquatic organism development. From 24 to 96 h post-fertilization, zebrafish embryos were treated to dosages of NaF 10 mg/L−1 + cisplatin (CDDP) 100 μM, one with NaF 10 mg/L−1 + carboplatin (CARP) 25 μM, one with NaF 10 mg/L−1 + CDDP 100 μM + CARP 25 μM. Fluoride exposure in combination with Cisplatin and Carboplatin (non-toxic concentration) had an effect on survival and hatching rate according to this study. Additionally, it significantly disturbed the antioxidant defense system and increased ROS in zebrafish larvae. NaF 10 mg/L−1 associated with CDDP 100 μM and CARP 25 μM, increased the production of apoptosis-related proteins (caspase 3, bax, and bcl-2) and the downregulation of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity, while no effect was seen for the single exposure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Davide Di Paola
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical, and Environmental Science, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy; (D.D.P.); (F.C.); (G.L.); (Y.M.); (G.A.F.); (A.F.P.)
| | - Fabiano Capparucci
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical, and Environmental Science, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy; (D.D.P.); (F.C.); (G.L.); (Y.M.); (G.A.F.); (A.F.P.)
| | - Giovanni Lanteri
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical, and Environmental Science, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy; (D.D.P.); (F.C.); (G.L.); (Y.M.); (G.A.F.); (A.F.P.)
| | - Rosalia Crupi
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy; (R.C.); (E.G.)
| | - Ylenia Marino
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical, and Environmental Science, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy; (D.D.P.); (F.C.); (G.L.); (Y.M.); (G.A.F.); (A.F.P.)
| | - Gianluca Antonio Franco
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical, and Environmental Science, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy; (D.D.P.); (F.C.); (G.L.); (Y.M.); (G.A.F.); (A.F.P.)
| | - Salvatore Cuzzocrea
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical, and Environmental Science, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy; (D.D.P.); (F.C.); (G.L.); (Y.M.); (G.A.F.); (A.F.P.)
- Department of Pharmacological and Physiological Science, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63104, USA
- Correspondence: (S.C.); (N.S.); Tel.: +39-906-765-208 (S.C.)
| | - Nunziacarla Spanò
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy
- Correspondence: (S.C.); (N.S.); Tel.: +39-906-765-208 (S.C.)
| | - Enrico Gugliandolo
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy; (R.C.); (E.G.)
| | - Alessio Filippo Peritore
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical, and Environmental Science, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy; (D.D.P.); (F.C.); (G.L.); (Y.M.); (G.A.F.); (A.F.P.)
| |
Collapse
|
174
|
AlJefri GH, Kotha SB, Murad MH, Aljudaibi RM, Almotawah FN, Mallineni SK. Penetration and Adaptation of the Highly Viscous Zinc-Reinforced Glass Ionomer Cement on Contaminated Fissures: An In Vitro Study with SEM Analysis. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2022; 19. [PMID: 35627829 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19106291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Revised: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Objective: To evaluate the penetration and adaptation of highly viscous zinc-reinforced glass ionomer cement (ZRGIC), using a scanning electron microscope (SEM), when applied under various contaminated conditions on grooves and fissures of primary second molars. Materials and Methods: A total of 40 extracted human primary second molars were randomly assigned into five groups (8 teeth each), with different surface conditions (conditioned with 40% polyacrylic acid, dry condition, water contamination, saliva contamination, or saliva contamination and air-drying) on the occlusal surface before placement of zinc-reinforced highly viscous glass ionomer cement with the finger-press technique. After sectioning the teeth, they were subjected to SEM analysis, where four in each group underwent aging by thermocycling and the other four were without aging. ANOVA tests, post hoc analysis, and unpaired t-tests were used for statistical analyses. Results: There was a significant statistical difference in the sealant penetration in the non-aging group, but in the aging group, there was no significant statistical difference in the sealant penetration. On other hand, a significant statistical difference was found in the adaptation between all the groups (p < 0.05). Highly viscous zinc-reinforced glass ionomer fissure sealants have better fissure penetration and more intimate adaptation under fissures conditioned with 40% polyacrylic acid and dry surface fissures with no contamination. However, the best penetration and retention after aging were under contaminated fissures with a shiny layer of saliva. Conclusions: The ZRGIC is a highly viscous fluoride-releasing cement, effectively seals fissures by interfering with food lodgment and protecting teeth from caries. It is advisable to restore the fissures with the minimal technique of sensitive fluoride-releasing GIC, particularly in young, uncooperative children, rather than leaving a caries-prone environment.
Collapse
|
175
|
Wei M, Ye Y, Ali MM, Chamba Y, Tang J, Shang P. Effect of Fluoride on Cytotoxicity Involved in Mitochondrial Dysfunction: A Review of Mechanism. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:850771. [PMID: 35518640 PMCID: PMC9062983 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.850771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Fluoride is commonly found in the soil and water environment and may act as chronic poison. A large amount of fluoride deposition causes serious harm to the ecological environment and human health. Mitochondrial dysfunction is a shared feature of fluorosis, and numerous studies reported this phenomenon in different model systems. More and more evidence shows that the functions of mitochondria play an extremely influential role in the organs and tissues after fluorosis. Fluoride invades into cells and mainly damages mitochondria, resulting in decreased activity of mitochondrial related enzymes, weakening of protein expression, damage of respiratory chain, excessive fission, disturbance of fusion, disorder of calcium regulation, resulting in the decrease of intracellular ATP and the accumulation of Reactive oxygen species. At the same time, the decrease of mitochondrial membrane potential leads to the release of Cyt c, causing a series of caspase cascade reactions and resulting in apoptosis. This article mainly reviews the mechanism of cytotoxicity related to mitochondrial dysfunction after fluorosis. A series of mitochondrial dysfunction caused by fluorosis, such as mitochondrial dynamics, mitochondrial Reactive oxygen species, mitochondrial fission, mitochondrial respiratory chain, mitochondrial autophagy apoptosis, mitochondrial fusion disturbance, mitochondrial calcium regulation are emphasized, and the mechanism of the effect of fluoride on cytotoxicity related to mitochondrial dysfunction are further explored.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mingbang Wei
- College of Animal Science, Tibet Agriculture and Animal Husbandry College, Linzhi, China.,The Provincial and Ministerial Co-founded Collaborative Innovation Center for R&D in Tibet Characteristic Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Resources, Linzhi, China
| | - Yourong Ye
- College of Animal Science, Tibet Agriculture and Animal Husbandry College, Linzhi, China.,The Provincial and Ministerial Co-founded Collaborative Innovation Center for R&D in Tibet Characteristic Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Resources, Linzhi, China
| | - Muhammad Muddassir Ali
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Yangzom Chamba
- College of Animal Science, Tibet Agriculture and Animal Husbandry College, Linzhi, China.,The Provincial and Ministerial Co-founded Collaborative Innovation Center for R&D in Tibet Characteristic Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Resources, Linzhi, China
| | - Jia Tang
- College of Animal Science, Tibet Agriculture and Animal Husbandry College, Linzhi, China.,The Provincial and Ministerial Co-founded Collaborative Innovation Center for R&D in Tibet Characteristic Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Resources, Linzhi, China
| | - Peng Shang
- College of Animal Science, Tibet Agriculture and Animal Husbandry College, Linzhi, China.,The Provincial and Ministerial Co-founded Collaborative Innovation Center for R&D in Tibet Characteristic Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Resources, Linzhi, China
| |
Collapse
|
176
|
Bezerra SJC, Viana ÍEL, Aoki IV, Duarte S, Hara AT, Scaramucci T. In-vitro evaluation of the anti-cariogenic effect of a hybrid coating associated with encapsulated sodium fluoride and stannous chloride in nanoclays on enamel. J Appl Oral Sci 2022; 30:e20210643. [PMID: 35507984 PMCID: PMC9064272 DOI: 10.1590/1678-7757-2021-0643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Revised: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study is to test, in vitro, the anti-cariogenic effect of experimental hybrid coatings, with nano clays of halloysite or bentonite, loaded with sodium fluoride or with a combination of sodium fluoride and stannous chloride, respectively. METHODOLOGY The varnish Fluor Protector (1,000 ppm of F-) was used as positive control and no treatment was the negative control. Enamel specimens (5 mm × 5 mm) were obtained from bovine teeth. The specimens (n=10) had their surfaces divided into two halves (5 mm × 2.5 mm each), in which one half received one of the treatments (Hybrid; Hybrid + NaF; Hybrid + NaF + SnCl2; Hybrid + NaF Loaded; Hybrid + NaF + SnCl2 Loaded). The specimens were submitted to a cariogenic challenge using a biofilm model (S. mutans UA159, for 5 days). Enamel surfaces both under and adjacent to the treated area were analyzed for mineral loss and lesion depth, by transverse microradiography. The pH of the medium was measured twice a day, and the fluoride release was analyzed. Additional specimens were submitted to confocal analysis. RESULTS Data were statistically analyzed by two-way ANOVA followed by Tukey test (α=0.05). None of hybrid groups were able to reduce the lesion depth; the Hybrid + NaF group, however, was able to reduce mineral loss differing from the negative control (p=0.008). The groups showed no significant difference in the pH measurement and fluoride release. Confocal analysis confirmed that for all groups the biofilm growth was similar. CONCLUSION None of the hybrid groups reduced lesion depth, but the Hybrid + NaF group was able to promote protection against mineral loss.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sávio José Cardoso Bezerra
- Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Odontologia, Departamento de Dentística, São Paulo, Brasil
- Indiana University School of Dentistry, Operative Dentistry and Dental Public Health, Department of Cariology, Indianapolis, United States
| | - Ítallo Emídio Lira Viana
- Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Odontologia, Departamento de Dentística, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Idalina Vieira Aoki
- Universidade de São Paulo, Escola Politécnica, Departamento de Engenharia Química, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Simone Duarte
- Indiana University School of Dentistry, Operative Dentistry and Dental Public Health, Department of Cariology, Indianapolis, United States
| | - Anderson Takeo Hara
- Indiana University School of Dentistry, Operative Dentistry and Dental Public Health, Department of Cariology, Indianapolis, United States
| | - Taís Scaramucci
- Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Odontologia, Departamento de Dentística, São Paulo, Brasil
| |
Collapse
|
177
|
Bygd MD, Aukema KG, Richman JE, Wackett LP. Microwell Fluoride Screen for Chemical, Enzymatic, and Cellular Reactions Reveals Latent Microbial Defluorination Capacity for -CF 3 Groups. Appl Environ Microbiol 2022;:e0028822. [PMID: 35435713 DOI: 10.1128/aem.00288-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The capacity to defluorinate polyfluorinated organic compounds is a rare phenotype in microbes but is increasingly considered important for maintaining the environment. New discoveries will be greatly facilitated by the ability to screen many natural and engineered microbes in a combinatorial manner against large numbers of fluorinated compounds simultaneously. Here, we describe a low-volume, high-throughput screening method to determine defluorination capacity of microbes and their enzymes. The method is based on selective binding of fluoride to a lanthanum chelate complex that gives a purple-colored product. It was miniaturized to determine biodefluorination in 96-well microtiter plates by visual inspection or robotic handling and spectrophotometry. Chemicals commonly used in microbiological studies were examined to define usable buffers and reagents. Base-catalyzed, purified enzyme and whole-cell defluorination reactions were demonstrated with fluoroatrazine and showed correspondence between the microtiter assay and a fluoride electrode. For discovering new defluorination reactions and mechanisms, a chemical library of 63 fluorinated compounds was screened in vivo with Pseudomonas putida F1 in microtiter well plates. These data were also calibrated against a fluoride electrode. Our new method revealed 21 new compounds undergoing defluorination. A compound with four fluorine substituents, 4-fluorobenzotrifluoride, was shown to undergo defluorination to the greatest extent. The mechanism of its defluorination was studied to reveal a latent microbial propensity to defluorinate trifluoromethylphenyl groups, a moiety that is commonly incorporated into numerous pharmaceutical and agricultural chemicals. IMPORTANCE Thousands of organofluorine chemicals are known, and a number are considered to be persistent and toxic environmental pollutants. Environmental bioremediation methods are avidly being sought, but few bacteria biodegrade fluorinated chemicals. To find new organofluoride biodegradation, a rapid screening method was developed. The method is versatile, monitoring chemical, enzymatic, and whole-cell biodegradation. Biodegradation of organofluorine compounds invariably releases fluoride anions, which was sensitively detected. Our method uncovered 21 new microbial defluorination reactions. A general mechanism was delineated for the biodegradation of trifluoromethylphenyl groups that are increasingly being used in drugs and pesticides.
Collapse
|
178
|
Geleta WS, Alemayehu E, Lennartz B. Fixed-Bed Adsorption: Comparisons of Virgin and Zirconium Oxide-Coated Scoria for the Removal of Fluoride from Water. Molecules 2022; 27:2527. [PMID: 35458725 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27082527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Revised: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/07/2022]
Abstract
Many people worldwide are exposed to extreme levels of fluoride in drinking water. It is, therefore, critical to develop inexpensive, locally available, and environmentally friendly adsorbents for fluoride-laden water defluoridation. In the current study, virgin scoria (volcanic rock) from Ethiopia, was modified with zirconium oxide and used as an adsorbent in a fixed-bed column aiming at the removal of fluoride from water. The adsorption capability of zirconium oxide-coated scoria (ZrOCSc) was compared with unmodified virgin scoria (VSco). XRD, FTIR, XRF, SEM, ICP-OES, and the pHPZC tests were evaluated to explore the adsorption mechanisms. Thermal analysis of VSco and ZrOCSc revealed lower total weight losses of 2.3 and 3.2 percent, respectively, owing to the removal of water molecules and OH species linked to metal oxides contained in the material. The effect of test conditions such as the pH of the solution and the influent flow rate on the adsorption capacity of the adsorbent was carefully studied. ZrOCSc exhibited the maximum removal capacity of 58 mg/kg, which was 4.46 times higher than the observations for VSco (13 mg/kg) at pH 2, and an initial flow rate of 1.25 mL/min. Breakthrough time increased with decreasing initial pH and flow rate. The adsorption experimental data under various test conditions were examined by the Thomas and Adams–Bohart models. Both models were found very effective in describing the experimental data with a correlation coefficient (R2) of ≥0.976 (ZrOCSc) and ≥0.967 (VSco). Generally, coating VSco with zirconium oxide improved the adsorption performance of VSco; hence, a ZrOCSc-packed fixed bed could be employed for the decontamination of high levels of fluoride from groundwater. However, further examination of the adsorbent using natural groundwater is advisable to produce a definitive conclusion.
Collapse
|
179
|
Brennan MT, Treister NS, Sollecito TP, Schmidt BL, Patton LL, Lin A, Elting LS, Helgeson ES, Lalla RV. Dental Caries Postradiotherapy in Head and Neck Cancer. JDR Clin Trans Res 2022:23800844221086563. [PMID: 35403479 DOI: 10.1177/23800844221086563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Treatment for head and neck cancer (HNC) such as radiotherapy (RT) can lead to numerous acute and chronic head and neck sequelae, including dental caries. The goal of the present study was to measure 2-y changes in dental caries after radiotherapy in patients with HNC and test risk factors for caries increment. METHODS Cancer and dental disease characteristics, demographics, and oral health practices were documented before and 6, 12, 18, and 24 mo after the start of RT for 572 adult patients with HNC. Patients were eligible if they were age 18 y or older, diagnosed with HNC, and planned to receive RT for treatment of HNC. Caries prevalence was measured as decayed, missing, and filled surfaces (DMFS). The association between change in DMFS and risk factors was evaluated using linear mixed models. RESULTS On average, DMFS increased from baseline to each follow-up visit: 6 mo, +1.11; 12 mo, +2.47; 18 mo, +3.43; and 24 mo, +4.29 (P < 0.0001). The increase in DMFS during follow-up was significantly smaller for the following patient characteristics: compliant with daily fluoride use (P = 0.0004) and daily oral hygiene (brushing twice daily and flossing daily; P = 0.015), dental insurance (P = 0.004), and greater than high school education (P = 0.001). DMFS change was not significantly associated with average or maximum RT dose to the parotids (P > 0.6) or salivary flow (P > 0.1). In the subset of patients who had salivary hypofunction at baseline (n = 164), lower salivary flow at follow-up visits was associated with increased DMFS. CONCLUSION Increased caries is a complication soon after RT in HNC. Fluoride, oral hygiene, dental insurance, and education level had the strongest association with caries increment after radiotherapy to the head and neck region. Thus, intensive oral hygiene measures, including fluoride and greater accessibility of dental care, may contribute to reducing the caries burden after RT in HNC. KNOWLEDGE TRANSFER STATEMENT The results of this study can be used by clinicians when deciding how to minimize oral complications related to cancer therapy for patients with head and neck cancer. Identification of modifiable factors (e.g., oral hygiene and prescription fluoride compliance) associated with increased caries risk can minimize radiation caries burden.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M T Brennan
- Department of Oral Medicine/Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, Atrium Health Carolinas Medical Center, Charlotte, NC, USA
| | - N S Treister
- Division of Oral Medicine and Dentistry, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Department of Oral Medicine, Infection and Immunity, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - T P Sollecito
- Department of Oral Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Dental Medicine, Division of Oral Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Health System, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - B L Schmidt
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery and Bluestone Center for Clinical Research, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, NY, USA
| | - L L Patton
- Division of Craniofacial and Surgical Care, Adams School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - A Lin
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - L S Elting
- Department of Health Services Research Unit 1444, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - E S Helgeson
- Division of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - R V Lalla
- Section of Oral Medicine, University of Connecticut Health, Farmington, CT, USA
| |
Collapse
|
180
|
Affiliation(s)
- Lawrence P Wackett
- Microbial Engineering, University of Minnesota.,Biotechnology Institute, University of Minnesota.,Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics, University of Minnesota
| |
Collapse
|
181
|
Islam MR, Gupta SS, Jana SK, Pradeep T. Industrial Utilization of Capacitive Deionization Technology for the Removal of Fluoride and Toxic Metal Ions (As 3+/5+ and Pb 2+). Glob Chall 2022; 6:2100129. [PMID: 35433026 PMCID: PMC8995710 DOI: 10.1002/gch2.202100129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Revised: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Capacitive deionization (CDI) is an emerging desalination technology, particularly useful for removing ionic and polarizable species from water. In this context, the desalination performance of fluoride and other toxic species (lead and arsenic) present in brackish water at an industrial scale of a few kilo liters using a CDI prototype built by InnoDI Private Limited is demonstrated. The prototype is highly efficient in removing ionic contaminants from water, including toxic and heavy metal ions. It can remove fluoride ions below the World Health Organization (WHO) limit (1.5 ppm) at an initial concentration of 7 ppm in the input feed water. The fluoride removal efficiency of the electrodes (at a feed concentration of 6 ppm) deteriorates by ≈4-6% in the presence of bicarbonate and phosphate ions at concentrations of 100 ppm each. The removal efficiency depends on flow rate, initial total dissolved solids, and other co-ions present in the feed water. Interestingly, toxic species (As3+/5+ and Pb2+) are also removed efficiently (removal efficiency > 90%) by this technology. The electrodes are characterized extensively before and after adsorption to understand the mechanism of adsorption at the electrode.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Md Rabiul Islam
- DST Unit of Nanoscience (DST UNS)and Thematic Unit of Excellence (TUE)Department of ChemistryIndian Institute of Technology MadrasChennai600 036India
| | - Soujit Sen Gupta
- DST Unit of Nanoscience (DST UNS)and Thematic Unit of Excellence (TUE)Department of ChemistryIndian Institute of Technology MadrasChennai600 036India
| | - Sourav Kanti Jana
- DST Unit of Nanoscience (DST UNS)and Thematic Unit of Excellence (TUE)Department of ChemistryIndian Institute of Technology MadrasChennai600 036India
| | - Thalappil Pradeep
- DST Unit of Nanoscience (DST UNS)and Thematic Unit of Excellence (TUE)Department of ChemistryIndian Institute of Technology MadrasChennai600 036India
| |
Collapse
|
182
|
Ballantyne JA, Coyle G, Sarwar S, Kühn T. Fluoride Status and Cardiometabolic Health: Findings from a Representative Survey among Children and Adolescents. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14071459. [PMID: 35406071 PMCID: PMC9003371 DOI: 10.3390/nu14071459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Revised: 03/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
There is preliminary evidence to suggest a positive association between fluoride exposure and higher blood pressure among children, but population-based biomarker studies are lacking. Thus, data from the 2013/2014 and 2015/2016 cycles of the US-based National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) were analysed to evaluate the association between plasma fluoride concentrations and blood pressure among children and adolescents aged 8 to 19 years. Secondary analyses were carried out on fluoride status in relation to further markers of cardio-metabolic health, i.e., anthropometric indices, biomarkers of lipid and sugar metabolism, and C-reactive protein levels. There was a positive correlation between water fluoride content and plasma fluoride concentrations (Spearman’s r = 0.41, p < 0.01). However, multivariable linear regression models did not show significant differences in adjusted mean values of systolic and diastolic blood pressure across increasing quartiles of fluoride concentrations. Further markers of cardio-metabolic health were not associated with fluoride status, with the exception of a weak inverse association between plasma fluoride and HbA1c levels. Higher plasma fluoride may not be a risk factor for increased blood pressure or impaired cardio-metabolic health among children in the USA, a non-fluoride endemic country, with wide-spread water fluoridation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jessica A. Ballantyne
- Institute for Global Food Security (IGFS), School of Biological Sciences, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast BT9 5DL, UK; (J.A.B.); (G.C.)
| | - Gemma Coyle
- Institute for Global Food Security (IGFS), School of Biological Sciences, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast BT9 5DL, UK; (J.A.B.); (G.C.)
| | - Sneha Sarwar
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Sciences, University of Dhaka, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh;
| | - Tilman Kühn
- Institute for Global Food Security (IGFS), School of Biological Sciences, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast BT9 5DL, UK; (J.A.B.); (G.C.)
- Heidelberg Institute of Global Health (HIGH), University of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +44-28-9097-1387
| |
Collapse
|
183
|
Cai JN, Choi HM, Song KY, Jeon JG. The reciprocal interaction between fluoride release of glass ionomers and acid production of Streptococcus mutans biofilm. J Oral Microbiol 2022; 14:2055267. [PMID: 35341211 PMCID: PMC8956307 DOI: 10.1080/20002297.2022.2055267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives The aim of this study was to demonstrate the mode of action of glass ionomers (G-Is) against cariogenic biofilms in the slow fluoride release phase by analyzing the reciprocal interaction between fluoride release from G-Is and acid production of Streptococcus mutans biofilm. Methods G-Is discs in the slow fluoride release phase were prepared and 51 h-old S. mutans biofilms were formed on these discs. The interrelationship between the acid production of the biofilm and the fluoride release of the G-Is discs was investigated by analyzing both factors simultaneously during the biofilm formation period. The composition of the 51 h-old biofilms was then examined using microbiological, biochemical, and confocal laser scanning microscopic methods. Results Acid production by the cariogenic biofilm, particularly at < pH 5, promotes G-Is fluoride release. Conversely, G-Is fluoride release inhibits the acid production of the cariogenic biofilm. This reciprocal interaction results in the reduction of virulence such as extracellular polysaccharides formation and cariogenic biofilm bio-mass, which may reduce the potential of secondary caries development around G-Is. Conclusions These results suggest that G-Is may play a role in preventing the development of secondary caries during the slow fluoride release phase.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Na Cai
- Department of Oral Biology, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong, China
| | - Hyeon-Mi Choi
- Department of Dentistry, Presbyterian Medical Center, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang-Yeob Song
- Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Jeonbuk National University-Biomedical Research Institute of Jeonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, Republic of Korea.,Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Gyu Jeon
- Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Jeonbuk National University-Biomedical Research Institute of Jeonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, Republic of Korea.,Department of Preventive Dentistry, School of Dentistry, BK21 Plus Program, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
184
|
Ellenikiotis H, Chen KF, Soleimani-Meigooni DN, Rothen ML, Thompson B, Lin YS, Milgrom P. Pharmacokinetics of 38 Percent Silver Diamine Fluoride in Children. Pediatr Dent 2022; 44:114-121. [PMID: 35484770 PMCID: PMC9060293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to measure serum levels and characterize the pharmacokinetics of silver and fluoride in healthy children receiving silver diamine fluoride (SDF) treatment for dental caries lesions. METHODS Children (three to 13 years old with at least one caries lesion) were recruited at the University of California, San Francisco Pediatric Dental Clinic from August 2019 through March 2020. Blood was obtained at one randomly selected timepoint up to 168 hours after SDF application. Serum fluoride and silver were measured, and population pharmacokinetic modeling was used to estimate pharmacokinetic parameters and simulate silver concentration versus time profiles in cohorts of children (15 to 50 kg). RESULTS Fifty-five children completed the study. Serum fluoride had no discernable temporal pattern. Silver concentra- tions were best described by a one-compartment model with first-order absorption and elimination, and weight as a covariate. Simulated 15 kg children had higher predicted peak silver concentrations than simulated 50 kg children (22.0 ng/mL [95 percent confidence interval {95 percent CI} equals 19.4 to 24.6] versus 12.8 ng/mL [95 percent CI equals 11.3 to 14.3]), and a longer predicted silver half-life (15.5 days [95 percent CI equals 12.5 to 18.5] versus 4.0 days [95 percent CI equals 2.7 to 5.3]). CONCLUSIONS Evidence presented indicate that topical silver diamine fluoride application in children is safe, and serum concentrations of fluoride and silver pose little risk of toxicity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Kuan-Fu Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
- Currently at Certara, Princeton, NJ
| | | | - Marilynn L. Rothen
- Department of Oral Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Brice Thompson
- Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Yvonne S. Lin
- Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Peter Milgrom
- Department of Oral Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| |
Collapse
|
185
|
Pecci-Lloret MP, López-García S, Rodríguez-Lozano FJ, Álvarez-Novoa P, García-Bernal D. In Vitro Biocompatibility of Several Children's Toothpastes on Human Gingival Fibroblasts. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2022; 19:ijerph19052954. [PMID: 35270647 PMCID: PMC8910203 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19052954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Revised: 02/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The European Academy of Paediatric Dentistry has recommended fluoride toothpastes from the eruption of the first teeth in children. Toothpastes stay in the mouth in contact with human gingival fibroblasts (hGFs) for a long time. Thus, the objective of this study was to compare the cytotoxicity of five different commonly used children’s toothpastes: Oral B Kids +3 (Procter & Gamble, Alicante, Spain), Fluor Kin Calcium (Kin, Madrid, Spain), PHB Junior (PHB, Barcelona, Spain), Colgate +3 (Colgate Palmolive, Madrid, Spain) and Vitis Kids (Dentaid, Valencia, Spain) on hGFs. The children’s toothpastes were exposed to hGFs at different concentrations (1:1, 1:2, 1:4). Afterwards, several tests were performed: MTT assays, cell cycle analyses, cell cytoskeleton staining assays, apoptosis/necrosis assays, and ICP-MS and ion chromatography. Oral B displayed the lowest cytotoxicity and was the toothpaste with the highest fluoride ion release; meanwhile, the other toothpastes were cytotoxic (*** p < 0.0001); Fluor Kin being the one with the lowest fluoride ion release. Among all the toothpastes analyzed, Oral B exhibited the best results in vitro in terms of biocompatibility. Future evaluations, both in vitro and in vivo, are required to confirm the biocompatibility of sodium lauryl sarcosinate and sodium lauryl sulfate containing toothpastes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- María Pilar Pecci-Lloret
- Gerodontology and Special Care Dentistry Unit, Morales Meseguer Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain;
| | - Sergio López-García
- Department of Stomatology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Universitat de Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain;
- Cellular Therapy and Hematopoietic Transplant Group, Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria Virgen de la Arrixaca, University of Murcia, 30120 Murcia, Spain;
| | - Francisco Javier Rodríguez-Lozano
- Gerodontology and Special Care Dentistry Unit, Morales Meseguer Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain;
- Cellular Therapy and Hematopoietic Transplant Group, Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria Virgen de la Arrixaca, University of Murcia, 30120 Murcia, Spain;
- Correspondence:
| | - Pablo Álvarez-Novoa
- Department of Surgery and Medical-Surgical Specialties, School of Medicine and Dentistry, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15705 La Coruña, Spain;
| | - David García-Bernal
- Cellular Therapy and Hematopoietic Transplant Group, Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria Virgen de la Arrixaca, University of Murcia, 30120 Murcia, Spain;
- Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Immunology Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
186
|
Kantrong N, Khongkhaphet K, Sitornsud N, Lo-apirukkul P, Phanprom W, Rojviriya C, Amonpattaratkit P, Ariyakriangkai W. Synchrotron radiation analysis of root dentin: the roles of fluoride and calcium ions in hydroxyapatite remineralization. J Synchrotron Radiat 2022; 29:496-504. [PMID: 35254314 PMCID: PMC8900867 DOI: 10.1107/s1600577521013655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Although the use of fluoride for root caries control is reported to be effective, the mechanism of maintaining hydroxyapatite is still unclear. This study elucidates the roles of fluoride in the recrystallization of hydroxyapatite, and the impact of calcium to maintain the abundance of hydroxyapatite on acid-challenged root dentin with a novel approach - using synchrotron radiation. Root dentin samples obtained from 40 extracted human premolars were subjected to pH challenge in combination with fluoride treatment. The effect of fluoride on hydroxyapatite regeneration on the root was investigated by using a range of fluoride concentrations (1000-5000 p.p.m.) and the EDTA-chelation technique in vitro. Synchrotron radiation X-ray micro-computed tomography and X-ray absorption spectroscopy were utilized to characterize the chemical composition of calcium species on the surface of prepared samples. The percentage of hydroxyapatite and the relative abundance of calcium species were subsequently compared between groups. The absence of calcium or fluoride prevented the complete remineralization of hydroxyapatite on the surface of early root caries. Different concentrations of fluoride exposure did not affect the relative abundance of hydroxyapatite. Sufficient potency of 1000 p.p.m. fluoride solution in promoting hydroxyapatite structural recrystallization on the root was demonstrated. Both calcium and fluoride ions are prerequisites in a caries-prone environment. Orchestration of F- and Ca2+ is required for structural homeostasis of root dentin during acid attack. Sustainable levels of F- and Ca2+ might thus be a strict requirement in the saliva of the population prone to root caries. Fluoride and calcium contribute to structural homeostasis of tooth root, highlighting that routine fluoride use in combination with calcium replenishment is recommended for maintaining dental health. This study also demonstrates that utilization of synchrotron radiation could provide a promising experimental platform for laboratory investigation especially in the dental material research field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nutthapong Kantrong
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
- Oral Biology Research Unit, Faculty of Dentistry, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
- Research Group of Chronic Inflammatory Oral Diseases and Systemic Disease Associated with Oral Health, Faculty of Dentistry, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Krassawan Khongkhaphet
- Research Group of Chronic Inflammatory Oral Diseases and Systemic Disease Associated with Oral Health, Faculty of Dentistry, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Nutnicha Sitornsud
- Research Group of Chronic Inflammatory Oral Diseases and Systemic Disease Associated with Oral Health, Faculty of Dentistry, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Pakaporn Lo-apirukkul
- Research Group of Chronic Inflammatory Oral Diseases and Systemic Disease Associated with Oral Health, Faculty of Dentistry, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Waraporn Phanprom
- Oral Biology Research Unit, Faculty of Dentistry, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
- Research Group of Chronic Inflammatory Oral Diseases and Systemic Disease Associated with Oral Health, Faculty of Dentistry, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | | | | | - Watcharaphong Ariyakriangkai
- Department of Restorative Dentistry and Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| |
Collapse
|
187
|
Grandjean P, Hu H, Till C, Green R, Bashash M, Flora D, Tellez-Rojo MM, Song PX, Lanphear B, Budtz-Jørgensen E. A Benchmark Dose Analysis for Maternal Pregnancy Urine- Fluoride and IQ in Children. Risk Anal 2022; 42:439-449. [PMID: 34101876 PMCID: PMC9831700 DOI: 10.1111/risa.13767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/22/2021] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
As a guide to establishing a safe exposure level for fluoride exposure in pregnancy, we applied benchmark dose modeling to data from two prospective birth cohort studies. We included mother-child pairs from the Early Life Exposures in Mexico to Environmental Toxicants (ELEMENT) cohort in Mexico and the Maternal-Infant Research on Environmental Chemicals (MIREC) cohort in Canada. Maternal urinary fluoride concentrations (U-F, in mg/L, creatinine-adjusted) were measured in urine samples obtained during pregnancy. Children were assessed for intelligence quotient (IQ) at age 4 (n = 211) and between six and 12 years (n = 287) in the ELEMENT cohort, and three to four years (n = 407) in the MIREC cohort. We calculated covariate-adjusted regression coefficients and their standard errors to assess the association of maternal U-F concentrations with children's IQ measures. Assuming a benchmark response of 1 IQ point, we derived benchmark concentrations (BMCs) and benchmark concentration levels (BMCLs). No deviation from linearity was detected in the dose-response relationships, but boys showed lower BMC values than girls. Using a linear slope for the joint cohort data, the BMC for maternal U-F associated with a 1-point decrease in IQ scores was 0.31 mg/L (BMCL, 0.19 mg/L) for the youngest boys and girls in the two cohorts, and 0.33 mg/L (BMCL, 0.20 mg/L) for the MIREC cohort and the older ELEMENT children. Thus, the joint data show a BMCL in terms of the adjusted U-F concentrations in the pregnant women of approximately 0.2 mg/L. These results can be used to guide decisions on preventing excess fluoride exposure in pregnant women.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Philippe Grandjean
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
- Address correspondence to Philippe Grandjean, Environmental Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, J.B. Winslows vej 17A, 5000 Odense C, Denmark; tel: +45 6550 3769; fax: +45 6591 1458;
| | - Howard Hu
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | - Rivka Green
- Faculty of Health, York University, Ontario, Canada
| | - Morteza Bashash
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - David Flora
- Faculty of Health, York University, Ontario, Canada
| | - Martha Maria Tellez-Rojo
- Centro de Investigacion en Salud Poblacional, Instituto Nacional de Salud Publica, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Peter X.K. Song
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Bruce Lanphear
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, British Columbia, Canada
| | | |
Collapse
|
188
|
Geiken A, Holtmann L, Splieth CH, Conrad J, Doerfer CE, Graetz C. Are the Dental Guidelines for Early Dental Visits and Fluoridation Measures Supported by Pediatricians, and What Are Their Caries Prevention Efforts? J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11051159. [PMID: 35268250 PMCID: PMC8911210 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11051159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Revised: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: In Germany, new recommendations for dental examinations of children and the use of fluorides have been introduced. The pediatrician (PA) should refer the patient to the dentist for dental examinations and check-ups (DEs) from the sixth month of age. Therefore, our aim was to determine with a questionnaire the extent to which PAs find DE useful, make referrals for DE and recommend fluoride. (2) Methods: The nationwide empirical survey was conducted with a self-developed and validated standardized online questionnaire. In addition to personal information, 16 items were collected. Agreement with the items was recorded using Likert scales. The data were primarily analysed descriptively. (3) Results: 696 PAs participated in the survey (age: 51.7 (8.4) years, women/men: 428/286 (61.5/38.5%). A total of 11% of PAs found referral by eruption of first tooth very important (important/neutral/unimportant: 13.8/32/43.2%), compared to 70% for complete deciduous teeth (21.3/7.3/1.4%). A total of 48.8% of PAs always recommended fluoridated toothpaste from the first tooth (often/occasionally/rarely/never: 18.3/7.8/8/17.1%) and 50.6% completely refused to recommend fluoride-free toothpaste (always/often/occasionally/rarely: 9.8/9/14.7/15.9%). A total of 44.8% never recommended the use of fluoridated toothpaste if the child cannot yet spit (always/often/occasionally/rarely: 19.2/13.9/7.8/14.3%). (4) Conclusions: Among PAs, referral to DEs was increasingly implemented as children grew older. Specific fluoride recommendations were accepted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Antje Geiken
- Clinic for Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Schleswig-Holstein, 24105 Kiel, Germany; (L.H.); (J.C.); (C.E.D.); (C.G.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-431-500-262-65
| | - Louise Holtmann
- Clinic for Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Schleswig-Holstein, 24105 Kiel, Germany; (L.H.); (J.C.); (C.E.D.); (C.G.)
| | - Christian H. Splieth
- Department of Preventive and Pediatric Dentistry, University Greifswald, 17475 Greifswald, Germany;
| | - Jonas Conrad
- Clinic for Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Schleswig-Holstein, 24105 Kiel, Germany; (L.H.); (J.C.); (C.E.D.); (C.G.)
| | - Christof E. Doerfer
- Clinic for Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Schleswig-Holstein, 24105 Kiel, Germany; (L.H.); (J.C.); (C.E.D.); (C.G.)
| | - Christian Graetz
- Clinic for Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Schleswig-Holstein, 24105 Kiel, Germany; (L.H.); (J.C.); (C.E.D.); (C.G.)
| |
Collapse
|
189
|
Gillespie G, Jackson Rudd D, Zhang S, Schaeffer A, Tomek C, Larson P, Stoch SA, Iwamoto M. Fluoride Pharmacokinetics in Urine and Plasma Following Multiple Doses of MK-8507, an Investigational, Oral, Once-Weekly Nonnucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitor. J Clin Pharmacol 2022; 62:199-205. [PMID: 34435371 PMCID: PMC9298720 DOI: 10.1002/jcph.1957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
MK-8507 is an investigational HIV-1 nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor being developed for the treatment of HIV-1 infection. MK-8507 contains 2 trifluoromethyl groups that may result in fluoride release through metabolism, but the extent of MK-8507-related fluoride release in humans has yet to be determined. This double-blind, placebo-controlled, 2-period, parallel-group, multiple-dose trial in healthy participants without HIV-1 who were administered a fluoride-restricted diet and once-weekly doses of MK-8507 aimed to estimate the relationship between MK-8507 dose and fluoride exposure. A total of 15 adult male and 3 adult female (of non-childbearing potential) participants were randomized to receive MK-8507 200 mg (n = 6), MK-8507 800 mg (n = 6), or placebo (n = 6). Change from baseline in mean daily fluoride excretion averaged over 7 days following the administration of MK-8507 200 mg resulted in a net mean increase of 19.8 μmol (90% confidence interval, 12.2-27.4) relative to placebo and did not exceed 57 μmol, a threshold related to the mean difference between the daily reference dose set by the US Environmental Protection Agency and the average dietary fluoride intake in the United States. However, daily urinary fluoride excretion exceeded the threshold following administration of 800 mg MK-8507 (75.1 μmol [90% confidence interval, 67.5-82.7]). Assuming a linear relationship between MK-8507 dose and estimated mean daily fluoride released at steady-state, data interpolation suggests that the US Environmental Protection Agency reference dose for fluoride would not be exceeded in most patients when administering MK-8507 at doses currently under clinical investigation (≤400 mg once weekly).
Collapse
|
190
|
Nekhavhambe HH, Mudzielwana R, Gitari MW, Ayinde WB, Izevbekhai OU. Fluoride Bio-Sorption Efficiency and Antimicrobial Potency of Macadamia Nut Shells. Materials (Basel) 2022; 15:ma15031065. [PMID: 35161008 PMCID: PMC8840610 DOI: 10.3390/ma15031065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Revised: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
This paper presents the potential application of macadamia nut shells (MNS) in the bio-sorption of fluoride and its antimicrobial potency against common pathogens encountered in surface water resources. The efficiency of MNS in the sorption of fluoride was determined using batch mode experiments, while the antimicrobial potency was investigated using the well disc diffusion assay method. The maximum fluoride sorption capacity of 1.26 mg/g was recorded at an initial fluoride concentration of 5 mg/L, adsorbent dosage of 0.5 g/100 mL, contact time of 120 min and initial pH of 6. The adsorption kinetics data were better described with a pseudo second order model, indicating the dominance of the chemisorption mechanisms. The Langmuir adsorption isotherm model described the isotherm data suggesting a monolayered adsorption. The thermodynamic parameters, ∆Gº and ∆Hº, confirmed that F− sorption by MNS is a spontaneous and endothermic process. The bio-sorbent was regenerated for seven continuous cycles when HCl was used as regenerating solution. The antimicrobial studies revealed that MNS has minimal activity towards Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Klebsiella pneumoniae. The MNS showed potentials for application in bio-sorption of fluoride. However, the doping of MNS with metal ions is recommended to enhance its anti-microbial potency.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Humbelani H. Nekhavhambe
- Environmental Remediation and Nano Science Research Group, Department of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, Engineering and Agriculture, University of Venda, Private Bag X5050, Thohoyandou 0950, South Africa; (H.H.N.); (R.M.); (W.B.A.); (O.U.I.)
| | - Rabelani Mudzielwana
- Environmental Remediation and Nano Science Research Group, Department of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, Engineering and Agriculture, University of Venda, Private Bag X5050, Thohoyandou 0950, South Africa; (H.H.N.); (R.M.); (W.B.A.); (O.U.I.)
| | - Mugera W. Gitari
- Environmental Remediation and Nano Science Research Group, Department of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, Engineering and Agriculture, University of Venda, Private Bag X5050, Thohoyandou 0950, South Africa; (H.H.N.); (R.M.); (W.B.A.); (O.U.I.)
- School of Chemistry and Material Science, Technical University of Kenya, Haile Selassie Avenue, P.O. Box 52428, Nairobi 00200, Kenya
- Correspondence: or
| | - Wasiu B. Ayinde
- Environmental Remediation and Nano Science Research Group, Department of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, Engineering and Agriculture, University of Venda, Private Bag X5050, Thohoyandou 0950, South Africa; (H.H.N.); (R.M.); (W.B.A.); (O.U.I.)
| | - Oisaemi U. Izevbekhai
- Environmental Remediation and Nano Science Research Group, Department of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, Engineering and Agriculture, University of Venda, Private Bag X5050, Thohoyandou 0950, South Africa; (H.H.N.); (R.M.); (W.B.A.); (O.U.I.)
| |
Collapse
|
191
|
Murchio J, White ND. Maintaining Good Oral Health With Fluoridated Water. Am J Lifestyle Med 2022; 16:176-179. [PMID: 35370508 PMCID: PMC8971694 DOI: 10.1177/15598276211062175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Community water fluoridation (CWF) has been a public health measure against tooth decay since 1945. Strong evidence supports the use of CWF in reduction in caries risk in the pediatric population, and numerous studies also show benefit in adults. CWF remains an important contributor to oral health despite the availability and widespread use of other fluoride-containing dental products. The efficacy, safety, and optimal use of CWF will be discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Nicole D. White
- Nicole D. White, PharmD, CDCES, NBC-HWC, DipACLM, Department of Pharmacy Practice Creighton University School of Pharmacy and Health Professions, 2500 California Plaza, Omaha, NE 68178, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
192
|
Yang J, Li H, Hao Z, Jing X, Zhao Y, Cheng X, Ma H, Wang J, Wang J. Mitigation Effects of Selenium Nanoparticles on Depression-Like Behavior Induced by Fluoride in Mice via the JAK2-STAT3 Pathway. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2022; 14:3685-3700. [PMID: 35023338 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c18417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Depression is a mental health problem with typically high levels of distress and dysfunction, and 150 mg/L fluoride (F) can induce depression-like behavior. The development of depression is correlated with neuronal atrophy, insufficient secretion of monoamine neurotransmitters, extreme deviations from the normal microglial activation status, and immune-inflammatory response. Studies found that Se supplementation was related to the improvement of depression. In this study, we applied selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) for F-induced depression disease mitigation by regulating the histopathology, metabolic index, genes, and protein expression related to the JAK2-STAT3 signaling pathway in vivo. Results showed that F and 2 mg Se/kg BW/day SeNPs lowered the dopamine (DA) content (P < 0.05), altered the microglial morphology, ramification index as well as solidity, and triggered the microglial neuroinflammatory response by increasing the p-STAT3 nuclear translocation (P < 0.01). Furthermore, F reduced the cortical Se content and the number of surviving neurons (P < 0.05), increasing the protein expressions of p-JAK2/JAK2 and p-STAT3/STAT3 of the cortex (P < 0.01), accompanied by the depression-like behavior. Importantly, 1 mg Se/kg BW/day SeNPs alleviated the microglial ramification index as well as solidity changes and decreased the interleukin-1β secretion induced by F by suppressing the p-STAT3 nuclear translocation (P < 0.01). Likewise, 1 mg Se/kg BW/day SeNPs restored the F-disturbed dopamine and noradrenaline secretion, increased the number of cortical surviving neurons, and reduced the vacuolation area, ultimately suppressing the occurrence of depression-like behavior through inhibiting the JAK2-STAT3 pathway activation. In conclusion, 1 mg Se/kg BW/day SeNPs have mitigation effects on the F-induced depression-like behavior. The mechanism of how SeNPs repair neural functions will benefit depression mitigation. This study also indicates that inhibiting the JAK/STAT pathway can be a promising novel treatment for depressive disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiarong Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, Shanxi, P.R. China
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, Shanxi, P.R. China
| | - Haojie Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, Shanxi, P.R. China
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, Shanxi, P.R. China
| | - Zijun Hao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, Shanxi, P.R. China
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, Shanxi, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoyuan Jing
- College of Life Sciences, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, Shanxi, P.R. China
| | - Yangfei Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, Shanxi, P.R. China
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, Shanxi, P.R. China
| | - Xiaofang Cheng
- Department of Basic Science, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, Shanxi, P.R. China
| | - Haili Ma
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, Shanxi, P.R. China
| | - Jundong Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, Shanxi, P.R. China
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, Shanxi, P.R. China
| | - Jinming Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, Shanxi, P.R. China
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, Shanxi, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
193
|
Yoo JI, Navaratna TA, Kolence P, O’Malley MA. GPCR-FEX: A Fluoride-Based Selection System for Rapid GPCR Screening and Engineering. ACS Synth Biol 2022; 11:39-45. [PMID: 34979077 DOI: 10.1021/acssynbio.1c00030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The directed evolution of proteins comprises a search of sequence space for variants that improve a target phenotype, yet identification of desirable variants is inherently limited by library size and screening ability. Selections that couple protein phenotype to cell viability accelerate identification of promising variants by depleting libraries of undesirable variants en masse. Here, we introduce GPCR-FEX, a stringent selection platform that couples G-protein coupled receptor (GPCR) signaling to expression of a fluoride ion exporter (FEX)-GFP fusion gene and concomitant cellular fluoride tolerance in yeast. The GPCR-FEX platform works to deplete inactive GPCR variants from the library prior to high-throughput fluorescence-based cell sorting for rapid, inexpensive screening of receptor libraries that sample an expanded sequence space. Using this system, FEX1 was placed under the control of either PFUS1 or PFIG1, promoters activated upon agonist binding by the native yeast GPCRs, Ste2p or Ste3p. Addition of a C-terminal degron to FEX1p enhanced the dynamic range of cell growth between agonist-treated and untreated cells. Using deep sequencing to enumerate population members, we show rapid selection of a previously engineered Ste2p receptor mutant strain over wild-type Ste2p in a model library enrichment experiment. Overall, the GPCR-FEX platform provides a mechanism to rapidly engineer GPCRs, which are important cellular sensors for synthetic biology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Justin I. Yoo
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Tejas A. Navaratna
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Patrick Kolence
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Michelle A. O’Malley
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| |
Collapse
|
194
|
Featherstone JDB, Crystal YO, Alston P, Chaffee BW, Doméjean S, Rechmann P, Zhan L, Ramos-Gomez F. Evidence-Based Caries Management for All Ages-Practical Guidelines. Front Oral Health 2022; 2:657518. [PMID: 35048005 PMCID: PMC8757692 DOI: 10.3389/froh.2021.657518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: The purpose of the present paper is to provide step-by-step guidelines for dental healthcare providers to manage dental caries based upon caries risk assessment (CRA) for ages 0–6 years and 6 years through adult. The manuscript reviews and updates the CAMBRA (caries management by risk assessment) system which includes CRA and caries management recommendations that are guided by the assessed risk level. Caries Risk Assessment: CAMBRA CRA tools (CRAs) have been evaluated in several clinical outcomes studies and clinical trials. Updated CAMBRA CRAs for ages 0–6 years and 6 years through adult are provided. These CRAs have been refined by the addition of a quantitative method that will aid the health care provider in determining the caries risk of individuals. Caries Management Based Upon Risk Assessment: Guidelines for individualized patient care are provided based upon the caries risk status, results of clinical exams and responses of the patient to questions in the CRA. These guidelines are based upon successful outcomes documented in several clinical outcomes studies and clinical trials. The paper includes a review of successful caries management procedures for children and adults as previously published, with additional emphasis on correct use of silver diamine fluoride (SDF) for children. The caries management plan for each individual is based upon reducing the caries risk factors and enhancing the protective factors with the additional aid of behavior modification. Beneficially altering the caries balance is coupled with minimal intervention restorative dentistry, if appropriate. These methods are appropriate for the management of dental caries in all patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- John D B Featherstone
- Department of Preventive and Restorative Dental Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Yasmi O Crystal
- Pediatric Dentistry Department, College of Dentistry, New York University, New York, NY, United States.,Comprehensive Pediatric Dentistry, Bound Brook, NJ, United States
| | - Pamela Alston
- Department of Orofacial Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Benjamin W Chaffee
- Department of Preventive and Restorative Dental Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Sophie Doméjean
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, UFR d'Odontologie de Clermont-Ferrand, Clermont-Ferrand, France.,EA 4847, Clermont-Ferrand, France.,Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France.,Service d'Odontologie, CHU Estaing, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Peter Rechmann
- Department of Preventive and Restorative Dental Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Ling Zhan
- Department of Orofacial Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Francisco Ramos-Gomez
- Section of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
195
|
Wang X, Tewari N, Sato F, Tanimoto K, Thangavelu L, Makishima M, Bhawal UK. Biphasic Functions of Sodium Fluoride (NaF) in Soft and in Hard Periodontal Tissues. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23020962. [PMID: 35055148 PMCID: PMC8780524 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23020962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Sodium fluoride (NaF) is widely used in clinical dentistry. However, the administration of high or low concentrations of NaF has various functions in different tissues. Understanding the mechanisms of the different effects of NaF will help to optimize its use in clinical applications. Studies of NaF and epithelial cells, osteoblasts, osteoclasts, and periodontal cells have suggested the significant roles of fluoride treatment. In this review, we summarize recent studies on the biphasic functions of NaF that are related to both soft and hard periodontal tissues, multiple diseases, and clinical dentistry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xingzhi Wang
- Department of Biochemistry, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo 173-8610, Japan;
| | - Nitesh Tewari
- Centre for Dental Education and Research, Division of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, India;
| | - Fuyuki Sato
- Shizuoka Cancer Center, Pathology Division, Shizuoka 411-8777, Japan;
| | - Keiji Tanimoto
- Department of Translational Cancer Research, Research Institute for Radiation Biology and Medicine, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan;
| | - Lakshmi Thangavelu
- Center for Transdisciplinary Research, Department of Pharmacology, Saveetha Dental College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai 600077, India;
| | - Makoto Makishima
- Department of Biochemistry, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo 173-8610, Japan;
- Correspondence: (M.M.); (U.K.B.)
| | - Ujjal K. Bhawal
- Center for Transdisciplinary Research, Department of Pharmacology, Saveetha Dental College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai 600077, India;
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Nihon University School of Dentistry at Matsudo, Chiba 271-8587, Japan
- Correspondence: (M.M.); (U.K.B.)
| |
Collapse
|
196
|
Mendonça FL, Regnault FGDC, Di Leone CCL, Grizzo IC, Bisaia A, Fragelli C, Oliveira TM, Magalhães AC, Rios D. Sensitivity Treatments for Teeth with Molar Incisor Hypomineralization: Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial. JMIR Res Protoc 2022; 11:e27843. [PMID: 34989687 PMCID: PMC8778566 DOI: 10.2196/27843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Revised: 09/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The sensitivity of teeth with molar incisor hypomineralization (MIH) can affect children’s quality of life and is a challenging problem for dentists. Remineralizing agents such as sodium fluoride varnish seem to reduce the sensitivity of teeth with MIH, but long-term clinical trials with large samples are still needed for more evidence about its effectiveness as a desensitizing agent before its clinical recommendation. Objective This randomized clinical trial aims to compare three treatment interventions for teeth with MIH and hypersensitivity. Methods A total of 60 children aged 6-10 years presenting with at least one first permanent molar with sensitivity and no loss of enamel will be randomly assigned to three groups: the control group (sodium fluoride varnish; Duraphat, Colgate); experimental group I (4% titanium tetrafluoride varnish); and experimental group II (a coating resin containing surface prereacted glass-ionomer filler; PRG Barrier Coat, Shofu). The sodium fluoride varnish and 4% titanium tetrafluoride varnish will be applied once per week for 4 consecutive weeks and the PRG Barrier Coat resin will be applied in the first session and the application will be simulated the following 3 weeks to guarantee the blinding of the study. The primary outcome will be sensitivity level measured at different moments (before each material application, immediately after application or simulation, and 1, 2, 4, and 6 months after the last application/simulation) by one examiner using the Wong-Baker FACES Pain Rating Scale, the Schiff Cold Air Sensitivity Scale, and the FLACC (Face, Legs, Activity, Cry, Consolability) scale. As secondary outcomes, parental satisfaction and child self-reported discomfort after the treatment will be measured with a questionnaire prepared by the researcher. The data will undergo statistical analysis and the significance level will be set at 5%. Results The project was funded in 2018, and enrollment was completed in November 2019. The recruitment of participants is currently underway and the first results are expected to be submitted for publication in 2022. Conclusions If found effective in reducing the patient’s sensitivity long term, these agents can be considered as a treatment choice, and the findings will contribute to the development of a treatment protocol for teeth with sensitivity due to MIH. Trial Registration Brazilian Registry of Clinical Trials Universal Trial Number U1111-1237-6720; https://tinyurl.com/mr4x82k9 International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID) DERR1-10.2196/27843
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda L Mendonça
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Orthodontics and Public Health, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru, Brazil
| | | | - Camilla C L Di Leone
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Orthodontics and Public Health, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru, Brazil
| | - Isabella C Grizzo
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Orthodontics and Public Health, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru, Brazil
| | - Aliny Bisaia
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Orthodontics and Public Health, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru, Brazil
| | - Camila Fragelli
- Morphology and Children's Clinic Department, Araraquara Dental School, São Paulo State University, Araraquara, Brazil
| | - Thais M Oliveira
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Orthodontics and Public Health, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru, Brazil
| | - Ana C Magalhães
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru, Brazil
| | - Daniela Rios
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Orthodontics and Public Health, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
197
|
Epple M, Enax J, Meyer F. Prevention of Caries and Dental Erosion by Fluorides-A Critical Discussion Based on Physico-Chemical Data and Principles. Dent J (Basel) 2022; 10:6. [PMID: 35049604 PMCID: PMC8774499 DOI: 10.3390/dj10010006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Revised: 12/11/2021] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Dental erosion is a common problem in dentistry. It is defined as the loss of tooth mineral by the attack of acids that do not result from caries. From a physico-chemical point of view, the nature of the corroding acids only plays a minor role. A protective effect of fluorides, to prevent caries and dental erosion, is frequently claimed in the literature. The proposed modes of action of fluorides include, for example, the formation of an acid-resistant fluoride-rich surface layer and a fluoride-induced surface hardening of the tooth surface. We performed a comprehensive literature study on the available data on the interaction between fluoride and tooth surfaces (e.g., by toothpastes or mouthwashes). These data are discussed in the light of general chemical considerations on fluoride incorporation and the acid solubility of teeth. The analytical techniques available to address this question are presented and discussed with respect to their capabilities. In summary, the amount of fluoride that is incorporated into teeth is very low (a few µg mm-2), and is unlikely to protect a tooth against an attack by acids, be it from acidic agents (erosion) or from acid-producing cariogenic bacteria.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Epple
- Inorganic Chemistry and Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (CeNIDE), University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitaetsstr. 5-7, 45117 Essen, Germany
| | - Joachim Enax
- Dr. Kurt Wolff GmbH & Co. KG, Research Department, Johanneswerkstr. 34-36, 33611 Bielefeld, Germany; (J.E.); (F.M.)
| | - Frederic Meyer
- Dr. Kurt Wolff GmbH & Co. KG, Research Department, Johanneswerkstr. 34-36, 33611 Bielefeld, Germany; (J.E.); (F.M.)
| |
Collapse
|
198
|
Shuto T, Mine Y, Makihira S, Nikawa H, Wachi T, Kakimoto K. Alterations to Titanium Surface Depending on the Fluorides and Abrasives in Toothpaste. Materials (Basel) 2021; 15:51. [PMID: 35009198 PMCID: PMC8746240 DOI: 10.3390/ma15010051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Revised: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Fluoride and abrasives in toothpastes may cause corrosion and deterioration of the titanium used for implants and other prostheses. The purpose of this study was to investigate how the presence or absence and types of fluoride and abrasives affected the titanium surface texture. Brushing with toothpastes was performed on pure-titanium discs using an abrasive testing machine. Unprocessed titanium discs without brushing were used as control samples. Surface roughness, color, and gloss of titanium were measured and the differences compared with the control were analyzed. Additionally, titanium surfaces and abrasives in toothpastes were observed using a scanning electron microscope to compare the surface texture of each sample. Some toothpastes (abrasive+) significantly increased the difference in surface roughness, color, and gloss, compared with ultrapure water. Toothpaste (fluoride+/abrasive+) that had many polygonal abrasive particles led to the largest color differences and exhibited notable scratches and a larger number of contaminant- or corrosion-like black spots. In contrast, brushing with toothpaste without fluoride or abrasives (fluoride-/abrasive-) caused little change to the titanium surface. These results suggest that both fluoride and abrasives in toothpaste used for brushing may be factors that affect surface texture and corrosion resistance of titanium.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Takahiro Shuto
- Department of Oral Health Engineering, Faculty of Health Sciences, Osaka Dental University, 1-4-4 Makinohonmachi, Osaka 573-1144, Japan;
| | - Yuichi Mine
- Department of Medical System Engineering, Division of Oral Health Sciences, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi Minami-ku, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan;
| | - Seicho Makihira
- Department of Oral Biology & Engineering, Division of Oral Health Sciences, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi Minami-ku, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan; (S.M.); (H.N.)
| | - Hiroki Nikawa
- Department of Oral Biology & Engineering, Division of Oral Health Sciences, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi Minami-ku, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan; (S.M.); (H.N.)
| | - Takanori Wachi
- Section of Fixed Prosthodontics, Division of Oral Rehabilitation, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan;
| | - Kazutoshi Kakimoto
- Department of Oral Health Engineering, Faculty of Health Sciences, Osaka Dental University, 1-4-4 Makinohonmachi, Osaka 573-1144, Japan;
| |
Collapse
|
199
|
Bygd MD, Aukema KG, Richman JE, Wackett LP. Unexpected Mechanism of Biodegradation and Defluorination of 2,2-Difluoro-1,3-Benzodioxole by Pseudomonas putida F1. mBio 2021; 12:e0300121. [PMID: 34781746 PMCID: PMC8593668 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.03001-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Perfluorinated carbon atoms in a diether linkage are common in commercial anesthetics, drugs, fungicides, and insecticides. An important chemical group comprising perfluorodiethers is the 2,2-fluoro-1,3-benzodioxole (DFBD) moiety. The fluorine atoms stabilize the molecule by mitigating against metabolism by humans and microbes, as used in drugs and pesticides, respectively. Pseudomonas putida F1 catalyzed defluorination of DFBD at an initial rate of 2,100 nmol/h per mg cellular protein. This is orders of magnitude higher than previously reported microbial defluorination rates with multiply fluorinated carbon atoms. Defluorination rates declined after several hours, and the medium darkened. Significant defluorination activity was observed with cells grown on toluene but not l-arginine. Defluorination required only toluene dioxygenase. Pseudomonas and recombinant Escherichia coli cells expressing toluene dioxygenase oxidized DFBD to DFBD-4,5-dihydrodiol. The dihydrodiol could be oxidized to 4,5-dihydroxy-DFBD via the dihydrodiol dehydrogenase from P. putida F1. The dihydrodiol dehydrated with acid to yield a mixture of 4-hydroxy-DFBD and 5-hydroxy-DFBD. All those metabolites retained the difluoromethylene group; no fluoride or dark color was observed. The major route of DFBD-4,5-dihydrodiol decomposition produced fluoride and 1,2,3-trihydroxybenzene, or pyrogallol, and that was shown to be the source of the dark colors in the medium. A mechanism for DFBD-4,5-dihydrodiol transformation to two fluoride ions and pyrogallol is proposed. The Pseudomonas genome database and other databases revealed hundreds of bacteria with enzymes sharing high amino acid sequence identity to toluene dioxygenase from P. putida F1, suggesting the mechanism revealed here may apply to the defluorination of DFBD-containing compounds in the environment. IMPORTANCE There are more than 9,000 polyfluorinated compounds developed for commercial use, some negatively impacting human health, and they are generally considered to be resistant to biodegradation. Only a limited number of studies have identified microbes with enzymes sufficiently reactive to defluorinate difluoromethylene carbon groups. The present study examined one important group of commercial fluorinated chemicals and showed its rapid defluorination by a bacterium and its key enzyme, a Rieske dioxygenase. Rieske dioxygenases are common in environmental bacteria, and those closely resembling toluene dioxygenase from Pseudomonas putida F1 are candidates for biodegradative defluorination of the common 2,2-fluoro-1,3-benzodioxole (DFBD) moiety.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Madison D. Bygd
- Microbial Engineering, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota, USA
| | - Kelly G. Aukema
- Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota, USA
- BioTechnology Institute, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota, USA
| | - Jack E. Richman
- Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota, USA
- BioTechnology Institute, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota, USA
| | - Lawrence P. Wackett
- Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota, USA
- BioTechnology Institute, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota, USA
| |
Collapse
|
200
|
Jakubczyk K, Łukomska A, Czaplicki S, Wajs-Bonikowska A, Gutowska I, Czapla N, Tańska M, Janda-Milczarek K. Bioactive Compounds in Aegopodium podagraria Leaf Extracts and Their Effects against Fluoride-Modulated Oxidative Stress in the THP-1 Cell Line. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:1334. [PMID: 34959734 DOI: 10.3390/ph14121334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Revised: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Aegopodium podagraria L. (goutweed), a member of the Apiaceae family, is a common perennial plant found all around the world that has been used in folk medicine since antiquity. Goutweed leaves contain polyacetylenes, essential oils, mono- and sesquiterpenes, vitamins, macro- and microelements, and phenolic compounds. In spite of its many health-promoting properties, including antioxidant effects, the plant has not been thoroughly studied. The aim of this study was to investigate the antioxidant properties of different goutweed leaf extracts and their effects on the THP-1 cell line, and also to describe the chemical characteristics of goutweed. Falcarinol and falcarindiol and essential oil were determined by gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry. Spectrophotometry was used to measure the total content of polyphenols and antioxidant activity–by DPPH and FRAP methods. Oxidative stress in THP-1 cells was induced via sodium fluoride. Then, goutweed leaf extracts were added to evaluate their influence on antioxidant potential (ABTS) and the activity of antioxidant enzymes. Confocal microscopy was used to visualise the production of cytoplasmic and mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) and for in vitro imaging of apoptosis. The ethanol extracts have a high total content of polyphenols, polyacetylenes, and essential oil, as well as high antioxidant potential. The main volatiles represented diverse chemical groups, which are both oxygenated derivatives of sesquiterpenes and monoterpenes. We also demonstrated positive effects of the high antioxidant potential and increased activity of antioxidant enzymes on cell cultures under severe fluoride-induced oxidative stress. Extraction at 80 ℃ and the use of ethanol as a solvent increased the antioxidant capacity of the extract. The leaves of Aegopodium podagraria may serve as a valuable source of antioxidants in the daily diet and assist in the prevention and treatment of oxidative stress-mediated conditions, e.g., inflammatory conditions, cardiovascular diseases, neurodegenerative diseases, and even obesity.
Collapse
|