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Garey L, Smit T, Clausen BK, Redmond BY, Obasi EM, Businelle MS, Zvolensky MJ. Anxiety Sensitivity and Distress Tolerance in Relation to Smoking Abstinence Expectancies Among Black Individuals Who Smoke. J Stud Alcohol Drugs 2024; 85:244-253. [PMID: 38095261 PMCID: PMC10941823 DOI: 10.15288/jsad.23-00176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Black individuals who smoke in the United States experience significant tobacco-related disparities. Although prior work has established that smoking abstinence expectancies play an important role in smoking-related outcomes, few studies have examined potential individual difference factors that may be relevant to smoking abstinence expectancies among Black individuals who smoke. The present study investigated anxiety sensitivity and distress tolerance in relation to smoking abstinence expectancies among a sample of Black individuals who smoke. METHOD Participants were 86 Black adults who smoke cigarettes daily (M age = 46.07 years, SD = 10.37; 26.7% female). Four separate linear regression analyses were conducted to evaluate the relation between anxiety sensitivity, distress tolerance, and their interaction with each of the four smoking abstinence expectancies (i.e., somatic symptoms, positive consequences, harmful consequences, and negative mood). RESULTS Results indicated that higher anxiety sensitivity was related to higher somatic symptoms, harmful consequences, and negative mood abstinence expectancies, whereas distress tolerance was related to higher positive consequences. Further, anxiety sensitivity and distress tolerance interacted to confer greater expectancies for the positive consequences of quitting. CONCLUSIONS The current findings are among the first to document that anxiety sensitivity and distress tolerance are clinically relevant factors to consider when tailoring smoking cessation treatments for Black individuals who smoke. Future research is needed to examine distress tolerance and anxiety sensitivity as longitudinal predictors of smoking abstinence expectancies among Black individuals who smoke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorra Garey
- Department of Psychology, University of Houston, Houston, Texas
- HEALTH Research Institute, University of Houston, Houston, Texas
| | - Tanya Smit
- Department of Psychology, University of Houston, Houston, Texas
| | | | | | - Ezemenari M. Obasi
- HEALTH Research Institute, University of Houston, Houston, Texas
- Psychological, Health, & Learning Sciences, University of Houston, Houston, Texas
| | - Michael S. Businelle
- Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
- TSET Health Promotion Research Center, Stephenson Cancer Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | - Michael J. Zvolensky
- Department of Psychology, University of Houston, Houston, Texas
- HEALTH Research Institute, University of Houston, Houston, Texas
- Department of Behavioral Science, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
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152
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Genovese C, Rizzo CE, La Spina I, Tripodi P, Biondo AC, Lo Prete V, Genovese MPA, Balsamo DG, Cipriano G, Genovese G, Nicita A, La Spada G, La Fauci V, Squeri R. A Southern addiction evaluation project: investigating the impact of addiction through a survey HBSC based. Clin Ter 2024; 175:144-152. [PMID: 38571473 DOI: 10.7417/ct.2024.5047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
Background Adolescence is a critical phase of development characterized by numerous physical, psychological and social changes. During this stage, individuals may engage in experimentation and risky behavior, leading to increased vulnerability to addiction. This article aims to present the results of a survey based on the HBSC (Health Behavior in School-aged Children) surveillance model in a province of Southern Italy for primary and secondary school students. Methods We conducted a prospective study from March 2020 to April 2023 through the administration of a questionnaire to students of the healthcare faculties of the University of Messina and primary and secondary school students, composed of 19 items and based on HBSC surveillance. Results We collected a total of 664 questionnaires. We found that smoking habits increase with age: approximately 31% of secondary school students declare they are real smokers compared to 40% of HCP students. At least once, in the three study groups, students experienced alcohol consumption at different rates, with younger students having a greater propensity to drink than older students. Fortunately, in our sample, no middle school students had tried cannabis. At the same time there is a surprising decrease in gambling in all categories compared to national data. Conclusions The presence of addictive behaviors in our sample was found to be widespread despite being in line with the national trend. Furthermore, we have observed a reduction in recent years which needs to be investigated to assess the reasons. Primary prevention is probably the main weapon in the hands of politicians and must be applied early in school and community settings to reduce prevalence.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Genovese
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - C E Rizzo
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - I La Spina
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - P Tripodi
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - A C Biondo
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - V Lo Prete
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - M P A Genovese
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - D G Balsamo
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - G Cipriano
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - G Genovese
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - A Nicita
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - G La Spada
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - V La Fauci
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - R Squeri
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
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153
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Wei X, Sun D, Gao J, Zhang J, Zhu M, Yu C, Ma Z, Fu Y, Ji C, Pei P, Yang L, Millwood IY, Walters RG, Chen Y, Du H, Jin G, Chen Z, Hu Z, Li L, Shen H, Lv J, Ma H. Development and evaluation of a polygenic risk score for lung cancer in never-smoking women: A large-scale prospective Chinese cohort study. Int J Cancer 2024; 154:807-815. [PMID: 37846649 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.34765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023]
Abstract
The proportion of lung cancer in never smokers is rising, especially among Asian women, but there is no effective early detection tool. Here, we developed a polygenic risk score (PRS), which may help to identify the population with higher risk of lung cancer in never-smoking women. We first performed a large GWAS meta-analysis (8595 cases and 8275 controls) to systematically identify the susceptibility loci for lung cancer in never-smoking Asian women and then generated a PRS using GWAS datasets. Furthermore, we evaluated the utility and effectiveness of PRS in an independent Chinese prospective cohort comprising 55 266 individuals. The GWAS meta-analysis identified eight known loci and a novel locus (5q11.2) at the genome-wide statistical significance level of P < 5 × 10-8 . Based on the summary statistics of GWAS, we derived a polygenic risk score including 21 variants (PRS-21) for lung cancer in never-smoking women. Furthermore, PRS-21 had a hazard ratio (HR) per SD of 1.29 (95% CI = 1.18-1.41) in the prospective cohort. Compared with participants who had a low genetic risk, those with an intermediate (HR = 1.32, 95% CI: 1.00-1.72) and high (HR = 2.09, 95% CI: 1.56-2.80) genetic risk had a significantly higher risk of incident lung cancer. The addition of PRS-21 to the conventional risk model yielded a modest significant improvement in AUC (0.697 to 0.711) and net reclassification improvement (24.2%). The GWAS-derived PRS-21 significantly improves the risk stratification and prediction accuracy for incident lung cancer in never-smoking Asian women, demonstrating the potential for identification of high-risk individuals and early screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxia Wei
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, International Joint Research Center on Environment and Human Health, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Dianjianyi Sun
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
- Peking University Center for Public Health and Epidemic Preparedness & Response, Beijing, China
| | - Jiaxin Gao
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, International Joint Research Center on Environment and Human Health, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, International Joint Research Center on Environment and Human Health, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Meng Zhu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, International Joint Research Center on Environment and Human Health, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Canqing Yu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
- Peking University Center for Public Health and Epidemic Preparedness & Response, Beijing, China
| | - Zhimin Ma
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, International Joint Research Center on Environment and Human Health, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yating Fu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, International Joint Research Center on Environment and Human Health, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chen Ji
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, International Joint Research Center on Environment and Human Health, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Pei Pei
- Peking University Center for Public Health and Epidemic Preparedness & Response, Beijing, China
| | - Ling Yang
- Medical Research Council Population Health Research Unit at the University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Clinical Trial Service Unit & Epidemiological Studies Unit (CTSU), Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, UK
| | - Iona Y Millwood
- Medical Research Council Population Health Research Unit at the University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Clinical Trial Service Unit & Epidemiological Studies Unit (CTSU), Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, UK
| | - Robin G Walters
- Medical Research Council Population Health Research Unit at the University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Clinical Trial Service Unit & Epidemiological Studies Unit (CTSU), Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, UK
| | - Yiping Chen
- Medical Research Council Population Health Research Unit at the University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Clinical Trial Service Unit & Epidemiological Studies Unit (CTSU), Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, UK
| | - Huaidong Du
- Medical Research Council Population Health Research Unit at the University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Clinical Trial Service Unit & Epidemiological Studies Unit (CTSU), Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, UK
| | - Guangfu Jin
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, International Joint Research Center on Environment and Human Health, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhengming Chen
- Clinical Trial Service Unit & Epidemiological Studies Unit (CTSU), Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, UK
| | - Zhibin Hu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, International Joint Research Center on Environment and Human Health, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Center for Global Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Liming Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
- Peking University Center for Public Health and Epidemic Preparedness & Response, Beijing, China
| | - Hongbing Shen
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, International Joint Research Center on Environment and Human Health, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Research Units of Cohort Study on Cardiovascular Diseases and Cancers, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jun Lv
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
- Peking University Center for Public Health and Epidemic Preparedness & Response, Beijing, China
| | - Hongxia Ma
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, International Joint Research Center on Environment and Human Health, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Research Units of Cohort Study on Cardiovascular Diseases and Cancers, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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154
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Aas M, Sideli L, Franceschini C, Alameda L, Trotta G, Coco GL, Musetti A, Schimmenti A. The role of interpersonal trauma and substance use in mental health: A large population-based study. Psychiatry Res 2024; 333:115712. [PMID: 38219350 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2023.115712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
Both interpersonal trauma (IPT) and substance use are linked to mental health problems, however their interplay is understudied. This study will investigate the relationship between IPT, substance use and mental health in a large population-based sample. Participants included 3756 individuals, mainly young university students using a snowball sampling method. History of IPT was collected retrospectively using the Traumatic Experiences Checklist. Substance use was examined using the World Health Organization's Alcohol, Smoking and Substance Involvement Screening Test. Mental health symptoms were assessed by the DSM-5 Level 1 Cross-Cutting Symptom Measure. Moderation analyses were performed investigating the relationship between IPT, substance use, and mental health symptoms. Participants exposed to IPT had a higher prevalence of substance use (cannabis, alcohol, tobacco) and had more severe mental health problems than people without IPT. Substance use was associated with a blunted increase of depression, anxiety, and anger in trauma victims. A history of abuse was more strongly linked to substance use than neglect. Moderation analyses further revealed that cannabis use increased psychotic symptoms and psychotic symptoms increased cannabis use in participants with high levels of IPT. Our findings indicate that substance use worsens psychotic symptoms in IPT victims whilst dampening other mental health symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Aas
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK; Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, England, UK; Department of Behavioural Sciences, OsloMet - Oslo Metropolitan University, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Lucia Sideli
- Department of Human Science, LUMSA University, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Luis Alameda
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, England, UK; Service of General Psychiatry, Treatment and Early Intervention in Psychosis Program, Lausanne, University Hospital (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland; Centro Investigacion Biomedica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM); Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBIS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocio, Departamento de Psiquiatria, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Giulia Trotta
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Gianluca Lo Coco
- Department of Psychology, Educational Science and Human Movement, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Alessandro Musetti
- Department of Humanities, Social Sciences and Cultural Industries, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Adriano Schimmenti
- Faculty of Human and Social Sciences, UKE - Kore University of Enna, Enna, Italy
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155
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Sudano I. Smoking reloaded. Atherosclerosis 2024; 390:117408. [PMID: 38199942 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2023.117408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Isabella Sudano
- University Hospital of Zürich, University Heart Center, Cardiology and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
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156
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Liu H, Qi Q, Duan Y, Cui Y, Chen Y, Zhou C. Smoking Susceptibility and Trends Among Nonsmoking Adolescents: An International Study. Pediatrics 2024; 153:e2023062360. [PMID: 38415299 DOI: 10.1542/peds.2023-062360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 02/29/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Smoking susceptibility is defined as a lack of firm decision against smoking, usually starts in the preparation and/or initiation stages of smoking behavior, and is a strong predictor of smoking experimentation during adolescence. However, the recent global prevalence and trends in smoking susceptibility among adolescents are not well documented. This study assessed global smoking susceptibility and secular trends among nonsmoking adolescents. METHODS Smoking susceptibility was analyzed using the most recent data from the Global Youth Tobacco Survey from 129 countries, where the data from each country were drawn from at least 1 survey conducted at any time between 1999 and 2020. Moreover, data from 82 countries were used to assess the average annual rate of change (AARC) in smoking susceptibility over time. RESULTS Smoking susceptibility among nonsmoking adolescents was 19.6%. A U-shaped relationship was observed between susceptibility and a country's economic level. Most countries showed no changes in susceptibility over time. Countries with a significant upward trend in susceptibility were primarily high-income and upper middle-income countries in the American region. At the World Health Organization regional level, susceptibility significantly decreased in the European region (AARC: -3.5%; 95% confidence interval, -5.8 to -0.8); however, it significantly increased in the American region (AARC: 2.2%; 95% confidence interval, 1.3-3.1). CONCLUSIONS Smoking susceptibility remains a serious public health challenge among adolescents worldwide. More public health policies are needed to reduce susceptibility and to control its upward trend in the American region and high-income countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huaqing Liu
- School of Public Health, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Qi Qi
- School of Public Health, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Ying Duan
- School of Public Health, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Yan Cui
- School of Public Health, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Yan Chen
- School of Public Health, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, China
| | - Chengchao Zhou
- Centre for Health Management and Policy Research, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Health Economics and Policy Research, Shandong University, Jinan, China
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157
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Lander DP, Kallogjeri D, Piccirillo JF. Smoking, Drinking, and Dietary Risk Factors for Head and Neck Cancer in Prostate, Lung, Colorectal, and Ovarian Cancer Screening Trial Participants. JAMA Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2024; 150:249-256. [PMID: 38329760 PMCID: PMC10853863 DOI: 10.1001/jamaoto.2023.4551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
Importance There is a paucity of large-scale prospective studies evaluating the risk of developing head and neck cancer (HNC) associated with smoking, drinking, and dietary habits. Objective To determine the association of smoking, drinking, and dietary habits with the risk of developing HNC. Design, Setting, and Participants A nested cohort survival analysis of Prostate, Lung, Colorectal, and Ovarian (PLCO) Cancer Screening Trial participants was performed. Participants were between 55 and 74 years of age and recruited at 10 centers across the US from November 1993 to July 2001. Participants who developed HNC were matched with controls based on demographics and family history of HNC for analysis of smoking habits; for the analysis of drinking and dietary habits, matching was performed on smoking status and duration in addition to demographics and family history of HNC. Data analysis was performed from January to November 2023. Exposures Smoking, drinking, and dietary habits. Main Outcome and Measure Diagnosis of HNC. Results In total, 139 926 participants (51% female; mean [SD] age, 62.6 [5.4] years) were included in the analysis of smoking habits with a median (IQR) follow-up time of 12.1 (10.3-13.6) years, 571 of whom developed HNC. HNC risk associated with smoking increased the closer the proximity of the head and neck subsite to the lungs, with the greatest risk associated with smoking observed in laryngeal cancer (current smoker hazard ratio [HR], 9.36; 95% CI, 5.78-15.15 compared to a nonsmoker). For analysis of drinking and dietary habits, 94 466 participants were included in the analysis of smoking habits with a median (IQR) follow-up time of 12.2 (10.5-13.6) years, 264 of whom developed HNC. HNC risk increased with heavy drinking (HR, 1.85; 95% CI, 1.44-2.38) and decreased with consumption of whole grains (HR, 0.78; 95% CI, 0.64-0.94/oz per day), whole fruits (HR, 0.90; 95% CI, 0.82-0.98/cup per day), and overall healthy eating, as scored by Healthy Eating Index 2015 (HR, 0.87; 95% CI, 0.78-0.98/10 points). Conclusions and Relevance In this nested cohort study, the risk of HNC associated with smoking was higher for subsites that were closer to the lungs; heavy drinking was associated with greater HNC risk, while healthy eating was associated with a modest reduction in HNC risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel P. Lander
- Department of Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine in St Louis, St Louis, Missouri
| | - Dorina Kallogjeri
- Department of Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine in St Louis, St Louis, Missouri
- Statistics Editor, JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery
| | - Jay F. Piccirillo
- Department of Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine in St Louis, St Louis, Missouri
- Editor, JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery
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158
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Mestdag M, Degey S, Deflandre E. [Perioperative smoking cessation (conventional smoking and e-cigarettes) in 2023. A narrative review of the literature]. Rev Mal Respir 2024; 41:237-247. [PMID: 38429192 DOI: 10.1016/j.rmr.2024.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Tobacco addiction is the leading cause of preventable death. During the perioperative period, patients who smoke are at increased risk of systemic as well as surgical site complications. STATE OF THE ART Surgery is an ideal time for change of lifestyle habits. It is vital to seize this opportunity to improve the patient's health in the long- as well as the short-term. Smoking cessation should be encouraged in all surgical patients. Initiating smoking cessation combines pharmacological treatment and a behavioral approach. In this field, significant advances have been recorded over the last decade. This review proposes a practical approach that every practitioner will be able to apply. PERSPECTIVES In this review, we will also examine ongoing research, particularly as regards vaccination and the place of biomarkers. CONCLUSIONS Smoking represents a major source of health-related complications. Smoking cessation must therefore remain a priority in the management of medical and surgical patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Mestdag
- Anesthésie-réanimation, université de Liège, Liège, Belgique
| | - S Degey
- Cabinet médical ASTES, Jambes, Belgique
| | - E Deflandre
- Anesthésie-réanimation, clinique Saint-Luc de Bouge, Namur, Belgique; Université de Liège, Liège, Belgique.
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159
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Nedkoff L, Greenland M, Hyun K, Htun JP, Redfern J, Stiles S, Sanfilippo F, Briffa T, Chew DP, Brieger D. Sex- and Age-Specific Differences in Risk Profiles and Early Outcomes in Adults With Acute Coronary Syndromes. Heart Lung Circ 2024; 33:332-341. [PMID: 38326135 DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2023.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2023] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adults <55 years of age comprise a quarter of all acute coronary syndromes (ACS) hospitalisations. There is a paucity of data characterising this group, particularly sex differences. This study aimed to compare the clinical and risk profile of patients with ACS aged <55 years with older counterparts, and measure short-term outcomes by age and sex. METHOD The study population comprised patients with ACS enrolled in the AUS-Global Registry of Acute Coronary Events (GRACE), Cooperative National Registry of Acute Coronary Syndrome Care (CONCORDANCE) and SNAPSHOT ACS registries. We compared clinical features and combinations of major modifiable risk factors (hypertension, smoking, dyslipidaemia, and diabetes) by sex and age group (20-54, 55-74, 75-94 years). All-cause mortality and major adverse events were identified in-hospital and at 6-months. RESULTS There were 16,658 patients included (22.3% aged 20-54 years). Among them, 20-54 year olds had the highest proportion of ST-elevation myocardial infarction compared with sex-matched older age groups. Half of 20-54 year olds were current smokers, compared with a quarter of 55-74 year olds, and had the highest prevalence of no major modifiable risk factors (14.2% women, 12.7% men) and of single risk factors (27.6% women, 29.0% men), driven by smoking. Conversely, this age group had the highest proportion of all four modifiable risk factors (6.6% women, 4.7% men). Mortality at 6 months in 20-54 year olds was similar between men (2.3%) and women (1.7%), although lower than in older age groups. CONCLUSIONS Younger adults with ACS are more likely to have either no risk factor, a single risk factor, or all four modifiable risk factors, than older patients. Targeted risk factor prevention and management is warranted in this age group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lee Nedkoff
- Cardiovascular Epidemiology Research Centre, School of Population and Global Health, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia; Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
| | - Melanie Greenland
- Cardiovascular Epidemiology Research Centre, School of Population and Global Health, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia; Oxford Vaccine Group, Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Karice Hyun
- School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Department of Cardiology, Concord Repatriation General Hospital, ANZAC Research Institute, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Jasmin P Htun
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Julie Redfern
- School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Samantha Stiles
- Cardiovascular Epidemiology Research Centre, School of Population and Global Health, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Frank Sanfilippo
- Cardiovascular Epidemiology Research Centre, School of Population and Global Health, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Tom Briffa
- Cardiovascular Epidemiology Research Centre, School of Population and Global Health, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Derek P Chew
- Victorian Heart Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, Vic, Australia
| | - David Brieger
- School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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Mojtabai R, Susukida R, Nejat K, Amin-Esmaeili M. Association of cigarette excise taxes and clean indoor air laws with change in smoking behavior in the United States: a Markov modeling analysis. J Public Health Policy 2024; 45:100-113. [PMID: 38155242 DOI: 10.1057/s41271-023-00458-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023]
Abstract
The rates of cigarette smoking in the United States have declined over the past few decades in parallel with increases in cigarette taxes and introduction of more stringent clean indoor air laws. Few longitudinal studies have examined association of taxes and clean indoor air policies with change in smoking nationally. This study examined the association of state and local cigarette taxes and clean indoor laws with change in smoking status of 18,499 adult participants of the longitudinal 2010-2011 Tobacco Use Supplement of the Current Population Survey over a period of 1 year. Every $1 increase in cigarette excise taxes was associated with 36% higher likelihood of stopping smoking among regular smokers. We found no association between clean indoor air laws and smoking cessation nor between taxes and clean indoor air laws with lower risk of smoking initiation. Cigarette taxes appear to be effective anti-smoking policies. Some state and local governments do not take full advantage of this effective policy measure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramin Mojtabai
- Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Hampton House, 624 North Broadway, Room 797, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Ryoko Susukida
- Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Hampton House, 624 North Broadway, Room 797, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | | | - Masoumeh Amin-Esmaeili
- Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Hampton House, 624 North Broadway, Room 797, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.
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161
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Zaganjor I, Kramer RD, Kofie JN, Sawdey MD, Cullen KA. Trends in Smoking Before, During, and After Pregnancy in the United States from 2000 to 2020: Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System. J Womens Health (Larchmt) 2024; 33:283-293. [PMID: 38153374 DOI: 10.1089/jwh.2023.0641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives: This study used 2000-2020 Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System data to estimate trends in smoking before, during, and after pregnancy, as well as quitting smoking during pregnancy. Materials and Methods: Weighted prevalence and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated by year for each smoking-related measure. Annual percent change (APC) and average annual percent change (AAPC) in prevalence were estimated using Joinpoint regression to characterize trends over time. Results: Between 2000 and 2020, significant decreases in the prevalence of smoking before (23.0% to 14.0%; AAPC = -2.3% [95% CI = -2.9% to -1.7%]), during (13.2% to 6.5%; AAPC = -3.4% [95% CI = -4.0% to -2.7%]), and after pregnancy (18.9% to 8.8%; AAPC = -3.6% [95% CI = -4.3% to -2.9%]) were observed. For each measure, the fastest declines occurred largely throughout the 2010s (before: APC = -5.5% [2012-2020]; during: APC = -5.1% [2009-2020]; and after: APC = -6.4% [2012-2020]). The proportion of people who quit smoking during pregnancy significantly increased from 43.2% in 2000 to 53.7% in 2020 (AAPC = 1.0%; 95% CI = 0.2%-1.9%); however, Joinpoint regression detected relatively no change in quitting during pregnancy between 2010 and 2020 (APC = 0.0%; 95% CI = -0.4% to 0.5%). Conclusions: The prevalence of smoking before, during, and after pregnancy has reduced dramatically in the United States between 2000 and 2020, with the fastest declines occurring throughout the second decade of the twenty-first century. However, prevention and cessation efforts are still needed since approximately half of people who smoked before pregnancy continue to smoke during pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibrahim Zaganjor
- Office of Science, Center for Tobacco Products, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Renee D Kramer
- Office of Science, Center for Tobacco Products, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Justina N Kofie
- Office of Science, Center for Tobacco Products, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Michael D Sawdey
- Office of Science, Center for Tobacco Products, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Karen A Cullen
- Office of Science, Center for Tobacco Products, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
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162
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Bendixen K, Brund RBK, Jørgensen TB, Kristiansen NK, Kesmodel US, Fonager K, Heuckendorff S. Inequality in smoking and related risk factors for smoking in expectant mothers - a nationwide Danish register-based study. Scand J Public Health 2024; 52:184-192. [PMID: 36719052 DOI: 10.1177/14034948221149758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Foetuses exposed to smoking during pregnancy are disadvantaged due to numerous adverse obstetric outcomes. This study aimed to examine 1) inequality in maternal smoking between subgroups of pregnant women and 2) significant risk factors of maternal smoking. METHODS Data were collected from Danish registries. Trends in maternal smoking within each study period, T1 (2000-2002) and T2 (2014-2016), were investigated by Poisson regression calculating prevalence proportion ratios, and trends between study periods were studied by adding an interaction term. The significance of risk factors for maternal smoking (low age, low education, living alone and having a moderate/severe mental health condition) were studied by interaction analysis on the additive scale. RESULTS The prevalence of maternal smoking decreased from 21% in 2000 to 7% in 2016. Decreases were found in all subgroups of maternal age, cohabitation status, educational level and mental health condition. However, large differences in smoking prevalence between subgroups were found, and inequality in maternal smoking increased from 2000 to 2016. The probability of maternal smoking increased with the addition of risk factors, and positive additive interactions were found for almost all combinations of multiple risk factors. CONCLUSIONS Our results provide knowledge on risk factors and increasing levels of inequality in maternal smoking which points to a need for targeted interventions in relation to maternal smoking for subgroups of pregnant women in future smoking cessation programmes and in antenatal care.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - René B K Brund
- Department of Social Medicine, Aalborg University Hospital, Denmark
| | | | | | - Ulrik S Kesmodel
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Aalborg University Hospital, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Denmark
| | - Kirsten Fonager
- Department of Social Medicine, Aalborg University Hospital, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Denmark
| | - Signe Heuckendorff
- Department of Social Medicine, Aalborg University Hospital, Denmark
- Danish Centre for Clinical Health Services Research, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Denmark
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163
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Wu G, Wu Q, Xu J, Gao G, Chen T, Chen G. Mortality burden and future projections of major risk factors for esophageal cancer in China from 1990 to 2019. Gen Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2024; 72:192-201. [PMID: 37973657 DOI: 10.1007/s11748-023-01987-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study, based on Global Burden of Disease (GBD) data, aimed to report the long-term trend in mortality rates caused by risk factors for esophageal cancer (EC) in China from 1990 to 2019 and predict the burden of EC mortality caused by these risk factors over the next 15 years. METHODS We examined six risk factors that influenced EC mortality rates in China and their respective rankings. Furthermore, we analyzed the number of deaths and crude mortality rates (CMR) caused by these risk factors for both sexes and different age groups. Age-standardized mortality rates (ASMR) and the number of deaths across all age groups were also analyzed. Finally, we utilized the Bayesian Age-Period-Cohort (BAPC) model to predict the trends in ASMR burden caused by these risk factors in the future. RESULTS From 1990 to 2019, the percentage changes in ASMR for EC caused by the six risk factors in China were as follows: smoking (- 33.4%), alcohol consumption (- 23.0%), low fruit intake (- 73.6%), low vegetable intake (- 96.0%), high Body Mass Index (BMI) (25.1%), and tobacco chewing (- 32.8%). In 2019, the top three risk factors contributing to EC ASMR in China were smoking, alcohol consumption, and high BMI. Overall, the ASMR for EC in China fluctuated and declined from 1990 to 2019. The most common risk factors for males were smoking and alcohol consumption, while low fruit intake and high BMI were the most common risk factors for females. The impact of these risk factors on EC mortality increased with age, except for the elderly population. BAPC analysis indicated that the influence of these risk factors on ASMR was expected to remain relatively stable in the next 15 years, suggesting a continued significant burden of EC. CONCLUSION The projected burden of EC mortality in China was expected to continue increasing steadily over the next 15 years, highlighting the pressing need for disease control measures. To alleviate this burden, targeted prevention and control policies addressing risk factors for EC such as smoking, alcohol consumption, and high BMI are necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guibin Wu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Anxi County Hospital, No. 249-259, Hebin South Road, Fengcheng Town, Anxi County, 362400, Fujian Province, China.
| | - Qingxiang Wu
- Blood Purification Centre, Anxi County Hospital, Anxi County, 362400, Fujian Province, China
| | - Juan Xu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Anxi County Hospital, No. 249-259, Hebin South Road, Fengcheng Town, Anxi County, 362400, Fujian Province, China
| | - Genhua Gao
- Department of Medical Oncology, Anxi County Hospital, No. 249-259, Hebin South Road, Fengcheng Town, Anxi County, 362400, Fujian Province, China
| | - Tingting Chen
- Department of Medical Oncology, Anxi County Hospital, No. 249-259, Hebin South Road, Fengcheng Town, Anxi County, 362400, Fujian Province, China
| | - Guowei Chen
- Department of Medical Oncology, Anxi County Hospital, No. 249-259, Hebin South Road, Fengcheng Town, Anxi County, 362400, Fujian Province, China
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164
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Wolters I, Kastaun S, Kotz D. Associations between body mass index and smoking behaviour: A cross-sectional study of the German adult population. Physiol Behav 2024; 275:114436. [PMID: 38103627 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2023.114436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Both smoking and high body weight are risk factors for disease, hence, the association between smoking and body weight is an important health issue. Furthermore, concern about weight gain after quitting smoking is for many smokers a barrier to smoking cessation. The present study aims to explore the association between body mass index (BMI) and current tobacco smoking status in the population of Germany, and smoking and quitting behaviour amongst smokers (and recent ex-smokers =<12 months since quitting). METHODS Cross-sectional analysis of two waves of data collected from March through June 2021 through a representative face-to-face household survey in Germany (N = 3 997 respondents aged ≥18). The associations between smoking and quitting behaviours and BMI were analysed through four regression models adjusted for socio-demographic, socio-economic, and smoking characteristics of respondents. RESULTS Long-term ex-smokers (>= 12 months since quitting smoking) were more likely to have a higher BMI compared to never smokers (β = 0.64, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.10-1.19). There was no statistically significant association between current smoking status or recent ex-smoking status and BMI (β = -0.29,95 %CI = -0.75-0.17 and β = -0.53, 95 %CI = -2.45-1.40). Among current smokers, no statistically significant association was found between BMI and the motivation to stop smoking (OR = 1.01, 95 %CI = 0.99-1.03). Neither number of cigarettes smoked a day nor outcome of most recent quit attempt were related to BMI (β = 0.01, 95 %CI = -0.04-0.05 and OR = 0.41, 95 %CI = 0.05-3.05). CONCLUSION In the German population long-term ex-smoking but not current and recent ex-smoking was associated with increased BMI. Future research should further explore the association between smoking behaviour and abdominal obesity, preferably using a more accurate measure for abdominal obesity than BMI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Wolters
- Institute of General Practice (ifam), Centre for Health and Society (chs), Addiction Research and Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Medical Faculty of the Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Sabrina Kastaun
- Institute of General Practice (ifam), Centre for Health and Society (chs), Addiction Research and Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Medical Faculty of the Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany; Institute of General Practice (ifam), Centre for Health and Society (chs), Patient-Physician Communication Research Unit, Medical Faculty of the Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Daniel Kotz
- Institute of General Practice (ifam), Centre for Health and Society (chs), Addiction Research and Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Medical Faculty of the Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany; Department of Behavioural Science and Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom.
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165
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Leung J, Yimer TM, Chiu V, Hall WD, Connor JP, Chan GCK. Participation in Australian drug treatment programs for individuals engaging in high-risk substance use: Data from a nationally representative sample. Drug Alcohol Rev 2024; 43:688-693. [PMID: 38087847 DOI: 10.1111/dar.13792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Revised: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/12/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Substance use, including drugs, alcohol and smoking have a significant health, social and economic impact. We aim to assess the rate and factors associated with treatment access among individuals with high-risk substance use. METHOD This study is a cross-sectional analysis of the 2019 Australian National Drug Strategy Household Survey (N = 22,015). Participants were persons with high-risk substance use based on the Alcohol, Smoking and Substance Involvement Screening Test-Lite (ASSIST-Lite) and current smokers. We measured self-reports of past 12-month engagement in a tobacco, alcohol or other drugs treatment program. RESULTS Overall, 0.4% had high-risk drug use (0.3% cannabis, 0.1% meth/amphetamine or 0.1% opioids), 7.4% had high-risk alcohol use, and 14.0% currently smoked. Among high-risk users, past 12-month treatment access rates were 50.6% [22.3-78.9%] for opioids, 27.1% [8.1-46.1%] for meth/amphetamine, 14.5% [4.3-24.7%] for cannabis, 9.6% [8.1-11.0%] for alcohol and 11.7% [10.6-12.9%] for current smoking. The primary source of treatment support was information and education (12.7% drugs, 4.6% alcohol, 4.0% smoking), followed by counselling (6.7% drugs, 4.5% alcohol, 3.0% smoking). Online or internet support was accessed by 5.9% (drug) and 1.6% (alcohol) people with high-risk use. Psychological distress was associated with treatment access (drugs: odds ratio 3.03 [0.77-11.95], p = 0.111; alcohol: odds ratio 3.16 [2.20-4.56], p ≤ 0.001; smoking: odds ratio 1.95 [1.52-2.49], p ≤ 0.001). DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS The proportion of people engaging in risky substance use who had used treatment programs remains low, especially for alcohol. Public health strategies to scale up treatment access are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janni Leung
- National Centre for Youth Substance Use Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
- School of Psychology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Tesfa Mekonen Yimer
- National Centre for Youth Substance Use Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
- School of Psychology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
- Psychiatry Department, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia
| | - Vivian Chiu
- National Centre for Youth Substance Use Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
- School of Psychology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Wayne D Hall
- National Centre for Youth Substance Use Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Jason P Connor
- National Centre for Youth Substance Use Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Gary Chung Kai Chan
- National Centre for Youth Substance Use Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
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Wang Z, Gu Y, Wang R, He Y, Ge H, Yang Z, Jin Z, Jin H, Lv S, Zhan H. The global magnitude and temporal trend of rheumatoid arthritis burden attributable to smoking from 1990 to 2019. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2024; 63:689-697. [PMID: 37279721 DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/kead269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Revised: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The relationship between smoking and RA has been confirmed. Most nations have ratified the Framework Convention on Tobacco Control. However, there are considerable regional differences in how effectively tobacco control measures were implemented. This study was carried out to estimate the spatiotemporal trends of smoking-related RA burdens. METHODS Data were available from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019 and were analysed by age, sex, year and region. Joinpoint regression analysis was applied to the analysis of temporal trends in the RA burden resulting from smoking over 30 years. RESULTS From 1990 to 2019, the number of global RA cases increased each year. The age-standardized prevalence, death and disability-adjusted life-year (DALY) rates also increased. However, there was a wave in the changing trend of the age-standardized death rate, with the lowest point in 2012 and the highest point in 1990. Smoking, in particular, was responsible for 11.9% of total RA deaths and 12.8% of total DALYs in 1990 but only 8.5% of total RA deaths and 9.6% of total DALYs in 2019. A greater burden from smoking exposure was borne by men, older adults and people living in high-middle and high sociodemographic index (SDI) countries and regions. Moreover, the UK demonstrated the highest reduction in age-standardized death and DALY rates over the three decades. CONCLUSION There were reductions in the age-standardized burdens of RA caused by smoking worldwide. Nevertheless, this continues to be an issue in some areas, and efforts to reduce smoking should be made to lessen this growing burden.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengming Wang
- Shi's Center of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Traumatology & Orthopedics, Shanghai Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yong Gu
- Translational Medical Innovation Center, Zhangjiagang TCM Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Zhangjiagang, Jiangsu, China
- Department of Orthopedics, Zhangjiagang TCM Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Zhangjiagang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Rui Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University (Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine), Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yanlin He
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry & Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Haiya Ge
- Shi's Center of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Traumatology & Orthopedics, Shanghai Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zongrui Yang
- Shi's Center of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Traumatology & Orthopedics, Shanghai Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhaokai Jin
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University (Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine), Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hengkai Jin
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University (Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine), Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shuaijie Lv
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University (Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine), Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hongsheng Zhan
- Shi's Center of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Traumatology & Orthopedics, Shanghai Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
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167
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Mundt MP, McCarthy DE, Baker TB, Zehner ME, Zwaga D, Fiore MC. Cost-Effectiveness of a Comprehensive Primary Care Smoking Treatment Program. Am J Prev Med 2024; 66:435-443. [PMID: 37844710 PMCID: PMC10922402 DOI: 10.1016/j.amepre.2023.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Revised: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Smoking is the leading preventable cause of death and disease in the U.S. This study evaluates the cost-effectiveness from a healthcare system perspective of a comprehensive primary care intervention to reduce smoking rates. METHODS This pragmatic trial implemented electronic health record prompts during primary care visits and employed certified tobacco cessation specialists to offer proactive outreach and smoking cessation treatment to patients who smoke. The data, analyzed in 2022, included 10,683 patients in the smoking registry from 2017 to 2020. Pre-post analyses compared intervention costs to treatment engagement, successful self-reported smoking cessation, and acute health care utilization (urgent care, emergency department visits, and inpatient hospitalization). Cost per quality-adjusted life year was determined by applying conversion factors obtained from the tobacco research literature to the cost per patient who quit smoking. RESULTS Tobacco cessation outreach, medication, and counseling costs increased from $2.64 to $6.44 per patient per month, for a total post-implementation intervention cost of $500,216. Smoking cessation rates increased from 1.3% pre-implementation to 8.7% post-implementation, for an incremental effectiveness of 7.4%. The incremental cost-effectiveness ratio was $628 (95% CI: $568, $695) per person who quit smoking, and $905 (95% CI: $822, $1,001) per quality-adjusted life year gained. Acute health care costs decreased by an average of $42 (95% CI: -$59, $145) per patient per month for patients in the smoking registry. CONCLUSIONS Implementation of a comprehensive and proactive smoking cessation outreach and treatment program for adult primary care patients who smoke meets typical cost-effectiveness thresholds for healthcare.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marlon P Mundt
- Department of Family Medicine and Community Health, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin; Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin; Center for Tobacco Research and Intervention, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin.
| | - Danielle E McCarthy
- Center for Tobacco Research and Intervention, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin; Department of Medicine, Division of General Internal Medicine, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Timothy B Baker
- Center for Tobacco Research and Intervention, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin; Department of Medicine, Division of General Internal Medicine, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Mark E Zehner
- Center for Tobacco Research and Intervention, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Deejay Zwaga
- Center for Tobacco Research and Intervention, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Michael C Fiore
- Center for Tobacco Research and Intervention, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin; Department of Medicine, Division of General Internal Medicine, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin
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PATEL AYEESHASIMRAN, JALIHAL SAGAR, ANKOLA ANILV, SANTHOSH VARKEYNADAKKAVUKARAN, RAGU KAVITHA, THAKKER JASLEEN, COUTINHO DAVID, KABRA LAXMI. Dental caries, oral hygiene status and deleterious habits among migrant construction workers of Belagavi, India. J Prev Med Hyg 2024; 65:E65-E72. [PMID: 38706762 PMCID: PMC11066824 DOI: 10.15167/2421-4248/jpmh2024.65.1.3150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
Background Occupation significantly influences oral health, with factors like the work environment, stress levels, access to dental care, and job-related habits playing crucial roles. The oral health of construction workers, especially migrant workers, is a noteworthy concern. Understanding the oral health of this population is crucial for enhancing their quality of life through various means. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of dental caries, oral hygiene status, and deleterious habits in this occupational group of Belagavi district, Karnataka. Materials and methods Study design was cross-sectional in nature. Before commencement of the study a pilot study was conducted. Multi-stage random sampling technique was employed, and 610 participants were recruited for the study. Trained and calibrated examiners recorded WHO dentition status and treatment needs (2013) and Oral Hygiene Index Simplified (OHI-S). Collected data was analyzed using descriptive analysis, chi-square, one-way ANOVA, and multiple linear regression analysis. Results The prevalence of dental caries among construction workers was significantly high (81%), and poor oral hygiene was observed among 36.9% of them. The prevalence of smoking, the tobacco chewing habit, and alcohol consumption among the construction workers was found to be 21.6%, 59.9%, and 37.3%, respectively. The dependence of OHI-S and DMFT on predictors (age, gender and deleterious habits) was found to be 21.5% and 39.6%, respectively. Conclusions Migrant construction workers in Belagavi had a high caries prevalence, poor oral hygiene status, and a high prevalence of deleterious habits such as tobacco use. These results emphasize the necessity of awareness and dental health education programs to improve the oral health of construction workers.
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Affiliation(s)
- AYEESHA SIMRAN PATEL
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, KLE VK Institute of Dental Sciences, KLE Academy of Higher Education and Research (KLE University), Belagav, India
| | - SAGAR JALIHAL
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, KLE VK Institute of Dental Sciences, KLE Academy of Higher Education and Research (KLE University), Belagav, India
| | - ANIL V. ANKOLA
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, KLE VK Institute of Dental Sciences, KLE Academy of Higher Education and Research (KLE University), Belagav, India
| | - VARKEY NADAKKAVUKARAN SANTHOSH
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, KLE VK Institute of Dental Sciences, KLE Academy of Higher Education and Research (KLE University), Belagav, India
| | - KAVITHA RAGU
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, KLE VK Institute of Dental Sciences, KLE Academy of Higher Education and Research (KLE University), Belagav, India
| | - JASLEEN THAKKER
- Department of Periodontics, KLE VK Institute of Dental Sciences, KLE Academy of Higher Education and Research (KLE University), Belagavi, India
| | - DAVID COUTINHO
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, KLE VK Institute of Dental Sciences, KLE Academy of Higher Education and Research (KLE University), Belagav, India
| | - LAXMI KABRA
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, KLE VK Institute of Dental Sciences, KLE Academy of Higher Education and Research (KLE University), Belagav, India
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Karey E, Xu S, He P, Niaura RS, Cleland CM, Stevens ER, Sherman SE, El-Shahawy O, Cantrell J, Jiang N. Longitudinal association between e-cigarette use and respiratory symptoms among US adults: Findings from the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health Study Waves 4-5. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0299834. [PMID: 38421978 PMCID: PMC10903800 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0299834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We assessed longitudinal effects of e-cigarette use on respiratory symptoms in a nationally representative sample of US adults by combustible tobacco smoking status. METHODS We analyzed Waves 4-5 public-use data from the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health Study. Study sample included adult respondents who reported no diagnosis of respiratory diseases at Wave 4, and completed Waves 4-5 surveys with no missing data on analytic variables (N = 15,291). Outcome was a validated index of functionally important respiratory symptoms based on 7 wheezing/cough questions (range 0-9). An index score of ≥2 was defined as having important respiratory symptoms. Weighted lagged logistic regression models were performed to examine the association between e-cigarette use status at Wave 4 (former/current vs. never use) and important respiratory symptoms at Wave 5 by combustible tobacco smoking status (i.e., never/former/current smokers), adjusting for Wave 4 respiratory symptom index, sociodemographic characteristics, secondhand smoke exposure, body mass index, and chronic disease. RESULTS Among current combustible tobacco smokers, e-cigarette use was associated with increased odds of reporting important respiratory symptoms (former e-cigarette use: adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 1.39, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.07-1.81; current e-cigarette use: AOR = 1.55, 95% CI: 1.17-2.06). Among former combustible tobacco smokers, former e-cigarette use (AOR = 1.51, 95% CI: 1.06-2.15)-but not current e-cigarette use (AOR = 1.59, 95% CI: 0.91-2.78)-was associated with increased odds of important respiratory symptoms. Among never combustible tobacco smokers, no significant association was detected between e-cigarette use and important respiratory symptoms (former e-cigarette use: AOR = 1.62, 95% CI: 0.76-3.46; current e-cigarette use: AOR = 0.82, 95% CI: 0.27-2.56). CONCLUSIONS The association between e-cigarette use and respiratory symptoms varied by combustible tobacco smoking status. Current combustible tobacco smokers who use e-cigarettes have an elevated risk of respiratory impairments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Karey
- Department of Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Shu Xu
- School of Global Public Health, New York University, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Pan He
- Department of Population Health, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Raymond S. Niaura
- School of Global Public Health, New York University, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Charles M. Cleland
- Department of Population Health, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Elizabeth R. Stevens
- Department of Population Health, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Scott E. Sherman
- Department of Population Health, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, VA New York Harbor Healthcare System, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Omar El-Shahawy
- School of Global Public Health, New York University, New York, NY, United States of America
- Department of Population Health, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Jennifer Cantrell
- School of Global Public Health, New York University, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Nan Jiang
- Department of Population Health, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States of America
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Bruno FP, Degani-Costa LH, Kandipudi KLP, Gushken F, Szlejf C, Tokeshi AB, Tehrani YF, Kaufman D, Kumar PSS, Jamir L, Benesch MG, Ryan MG, Lotay H, Fuld JP, Fidalgo TM. Medical Trainees' Knowledge and Attitudes Towards Electronic Cigarettes and Hookah: A Multinational Survey Study. Respir Care 2024; 69:306-316. [PMID: 38416660 PMCID: PMC10984587 DOI: 10.4187/respcare.11042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/01/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The rising prevalence of electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) and hookah use among youth raises questions about medical trainees' views of these products. We aimed to investigate medical trainees' knowledge and attitudes toward e-cigarette and hookah use. METHODS We used data from a large cross-sectional survey of medical trainees in Brazil, the United States, and India. We investigated demographic and mental health aspects, history of e-cigarettes and tobacco use, knowledge and attitudes toward e-cigarettes and hookah, and sources of information on e-cigarettes and hookah. Although all medical trainees were eligible for the original study, only senior students and physicians-in-training were included in the present analysis. RESULTS Of 2,036 senior students and physicians-in-training, 27.4% believed e-cigarette use to be less harmful than tobacco smoking. As for hookah use, 14.9% believed it posed a lower risk than cigarettes. More than a third of trainees did not acknowledge the risks of passive e-cigarette use (42.9%) or hookah smoking (35.1%). Also, 32.4% endorsed e-cigarettes to quit smoking, whereas 22.5% felt ill equipped to discuss these tobacco products with patients. Fewer than half recalled attending lectures on these topics, and their most common sources of information were social media (54.5%), Google (40.8%), and friends and relatives (40.3%). CONCLUSIONS Medical trainees often reported incorrect or biased perceptions of e-cigarettes and hookah, resorted to unreliable sources of information, and lacked the confidence to discuss the topic with patients. An expanded curriculum emphasis on e-cigarette and hookah use might be necessary because failing to address these educational gaps could risk years of efforts against smoking normalization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando P Bruno
- Drs Bruno, Tehrani, and Mr Kaufman are affiliated with the Touro College of Osteopathic Medicine, Middletown, New York. Dr Bruno is affiliated with the Department of Public Health, School of Health Sciences and Practice, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York. Drs Degani-Costa, Tokeshi, and Fidalgo are affiliated with the Department of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal de São Paulo/Escola Paulista de Medicina, São Paulo, Brazil. Drs Degani-Costa and Ms Gushken are affiliated with the Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein - Faculdade Israelita de Ciências da Saúde Albert Einstein, São Paulo, Brazil. Dr Kandipudi is affiliated with the Andhra Medical College, Vishakhapatnam, India. Dr Szlejf is affiliated with the Department of Big Data, Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo, Brazil. Dr Kumar is affiliated with the All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Mangalagiri, India. Dr Jamir is affiliated with the All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Guwahati, India. Drs Benesch and Ryan are affiliated with Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada. Drs Lotay and Fuld are affiliated with the Department of Respiratory Medicine, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, United Kingdom. Dr Fidalgo is affiliated with the National Academy of Medicine, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
| | - Luiza Helena Degani-Costa
- Drs Bruno, Tehrani, and Mr Kaufman are affiliated with the Touro College of Osteopathic Medicine, Middletown, New York. Dr Bruno is affiliated with the Department of Public Health, School of Health Sciences and Practice, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York. Drs Degani-Costa, Tokeshi, and Fidalgo are affiliated with the Department of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal de São Paulo/Escola Paulista de Medicina, São Paulo, Brazil. Drs Degani-Costa and Ms Gushken are affiliated with the Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein - Faculdade Israelita de Ciências da Saúde Albert Einstein, São Paulo, Brazil. Dr Kandipudi is affiliated with the Andhra Medical College, Vishakhapatnam, India. Dr Szlejf is affiliated with the Department of Big Data, Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo, Brazil. Dr Kumar is affiliated with the All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Mangalagiri, India. Dr Jamir is affiliated with the All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Guwahati, India. Drs Benesch and Ryan are affiliated with Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada. Drs Lotay and Fuld are affiliated with the Department of Respiratory Medicine, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, United Kingdom. Dr Fidalgo is affiliated with the National Academy of Medicine, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Kesava Lakshmi Prasad Kandipudi
- Drs Bruno, Tehrani, and Mr Kaufman are affiliated with the Touro College of Osteopathic Medicine, Middletown, New York. Dr Bruno is affiliated with the Department of Public Health, School of Health Sciences and Practice, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York. Drs Degani-Costa, Tokeshi, and Fidalgo are affiliated with the Department of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal de São Paulo/Escola Paulista de Medicina, São Paulo, Brazil. Drs Degani-Costa and Ms Gushken are affiliated with the Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein - Faculdade Israelita de Ciências da Saúde Albert Einstein, São Paulo, Brazil. Dr Kandipudi is affiliated with the Andhra Medical College, Vishakhapatnam, India. Dr Szlejf is affiliated with the Department of Big Data, Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo, Brazil. Dr Kumar is affiliated with the All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Mangalagiri, India. Dr Jamir is affiliated with the All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Guwahati, India. Drs Benesch and Ryan are affiliated with Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada. Drs Lotay and Fuld are affiliated with the Department of Respiratory Medicine, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, United Kingdom. Dr Fidalgo is affiliated with the National Academy of Medicine, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Gushken
- Drs Bruno, Tehrani, and Mr Kaufman are affiliated with the Touro College of Osteopathic Medicine, Middletown, New York. Dr Bruno is affiliated with the Department of Public Health, School of Health Sciences and Practice, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York. Drs Degani-Costa, Tokeshi, and Fidalgo are affiliated with the Department of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal de São Paulo/Escola Paulista de Medicina, São Paulo, Brazil. Drs Degani-Costa and Ms Gushken are affiliated with the Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein - Faculdade Israelita de Ciências da Saúde Albert Einstein, São Paulo, Brazil. Dr Kandipudi is affiliated with the Andhra Medical College, Vishakhapatnam, India. Dr Szlejf is affiliated with the Department of Big Data, Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo, Brazil. Dr Kumar is affiliated with the All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Mangalagiri, India. Dr Jamir is affiliated with the All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Guwahati, India. Drs Benesch and Ryan are affiliated with Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada. Drs Lotay and Fuld are affiliated with the Department of Respiratory Medicine, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, United Kingdom. Dr Fidalgo is affiliated with the National Academy of Medicine, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Claudia Szlejf
- Drs Bruno, Tehrani, and Mr Kaufman are affiliated with the Touro College of Osteopathic Medicine, Middletown, New York. Dr Bruno is affiliated with the Department of Public Health, School of Health Sciences and Practice, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York. Drs Degani-Costa, Tokeshi, and Fidalgo are affiliated with the Department of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal de São Paulo/Escola Paulista de Medicina, São Paulo, Brazil. Drs Degani-Costa and Ms Gushken are affiliated with the Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein - Faculdade Israelita de Ciências da Saúde Albert Einstein, São Paulo, Brazil. Dr Kandipudi is affiliated with the Andhra Medical College, Vishakhapatnam, India. Dr Szlejf is affiliated with the Department of Big Data, Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo, Brazil. Dr Kumar is affiliated with the All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Mangalagiri, India. Dr Jamir is affiliated with the All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Guwahati, India. Drs Benesch and Ryan are affiliated with Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada. Drs Lotay and Fuld are affiliated with the Department of Respiratory Medicine, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, United Kingdom. Dr Fidalgo is affiliated with the National Academy of Medicine, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Ana B Tokeshi
- Drs Bruno, Tehrani, and Mr Kaufman are affiliated with the Touro College of Osteopathic Medicine, Middletown, New York. Dr Bruno is affiliated with the Department of Public Health, School of Health Sciences and Practice, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York. Drs Degani-Costa, Tokeshi, and Fidalgo are affiliated with the Department of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal de São Paulo/Escola Paulista de Medicina, São Paulo, Brazil. Drs Degani-Costa and Ms Gushken are affiliated with the Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein - Faculdade Israelita de Ciências da Saúde Albert Einstein, São Paulo, Brazil. Dr Kandipudi is affiliated with the Andhra Medical College, Vishakhapatnam, India. Dr Szlejf is affiliated with the Department of Big Data, Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo, Brazil. Dr Kumar is affiliated with the All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Mangalagiri, India. Dr Jamir is affiliated with the All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Guwahati, India. Drs Benesch and Ryan are affiliated with Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada. Drs Lotay and Fuld are affiliated with the Department of Respiratory Medicine, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, United Kingdom. Dr Fidalgo is affiliated with the National Academy of Medicine, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Yasmin F Tehrani
- Drs Bruno, Tehrani, and Mr Kaufman are affiliated with the Touro College of Osteopathic Medicine, Middletown, New York. Dr Bruno is affiliated with the Department of Public Health, School of Health Sciences and Practice, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York. Drs Degani-Costa, Tokeshi, and Fidalgo are affiliated with the Department of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal de São Paulo/Escola Paulista de Medicina, São Paulo, Brazil. Drs Degani-Costa and Ms Gushken are affiliated with the Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein - Faculdade Israelita de Ciências da Saúde Albert Einstein, São Paulo, Brazil. Dr Kandipudi is affiliated with the Andhra Medical College, Vishakhapatnam, India. Dr Szlejf is affiliated with the Department of Big Data, Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo, Brazil. Dr Kumar is affiliated with the All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Mangalagiri, India. Dr Jamir is affiliated with the All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Guwahati, India. Drs Benesch and Ryan are affiliated with Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada. Drs Lotay and Fuld are affiliated with the Department of Respiratory Medicine, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, United Kingdom. Dr Fidalgo is affiliated with the National Academy of Medicine, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Daniel Kaufman
- Drs Bruno, Tehrani, and Mr Kaufman are affiliated with the Touro College of Osteopathic Medicine, Middletown, New York. Dr Bruno is affiliated with the Department of Public Health, School of Health Sciences and Practice, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York. Drs Degani-Costa, Tokeshi, and Fidalgo are affiliated with the Department of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal de São Paulo/Escola Paulista de Medicina, São Paulo, Brazil. Drs Degani-Costa and Ms Gushken are affiliated with the Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein - Faculdade Israelita de Ciências da Saúde Albert Einstein, São Paulo, Brazil. Dr Kandipudi is affiliated with the Andhra Medical College, Vishakhapatnam, India. Dr Szlejf is affiliated with the Department of Big Data, Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo, Brazil. Dr Kumar is affiliated with the All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Mangalagiri, India. Dr Jamir is affiliated with the All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Guwahati, India. Drs Benesch and Ryan are affiliated with Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada. Drs Lotay and Fuld are affiliated with the Department of Respiratory Medicine, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, United Kingdom. Dr Fidalgo is affiliated with the National Academy of Medicine, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Pentapati Siva Santosh Kumar
- Drs Bruno, Tehrani, and Mr Kaufman are affiliated with the Touro College of Osteopathic Medicine, Middletown, New York. Dr Bruno is affiliated with the Department of Public Health, School of Health Sciences and Practice, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York. Drs Degani-Costa, Tokeshi, and Fidalgo are affiliated with the Department of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal de São Paulo/Escola Paulista de Medicina, São Paulo, Brazil. Drs Degani-Costa and Ms Gushken are affiliated with the Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein - Faculdade Israelita de Ciências da Saúde Albert Einstein, São Paulo, Brazil. Dr Kandipudi is affiliated with the Andhra Medical College, Vishakhapatnam, India. Dr Szlejf is affiliated with the Department of Big Data, Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo, Brazil. Dr Kumar is affiliated with the All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Mangalagiri, India. Dr Jamir is affiliated with the All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Guwahati, India. Drs Benesch and Ryan are affiliated with Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada. Drs Lotay and Fuld are affiliated with the Department of Respiratory Medicine, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, United Kingdom. Dr Fidalgo is affiliated with the National Academy of Medicine, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Limalemla Jamir
- Drs Bruno, Tehrani, and Mr Kaufman are affiliated with the Touro College of Osteopathic Medicine, Middletown, New York. Dr Bruno is affiliated with the Department of Public Health, School of Health Sciences and Practice, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York. Drs Degani-Costa, Tokeshi, and Fidalgo are affiliated with the Department of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal de São Paulo/Escola Paulista de Medicina, São Paulo, Brazil. Drs Degani-Costa and Ms Gushken are affiliated with the Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein - Faculdade Israelita de Ciências da Saúde Albert Einstein, São Paulo, Brazil. Dr Kandipudi is affiliated with the Andhra Medical College, Vishakhapatnam, India. Dr Szlejf is affiliated with the Department of Big Data, Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo, Brazil. Dr Kumar is affiliated with the All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Mangalagiri, India. Dr Jamir is affiliated with the All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Guwahati, India. Drs Benesch and Ryan are affiliated with Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada. Drs Lotay and Fuld are affiliated with the Department of Respiratory Medicine, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, United Kingdom. Dr Fidalgo is affiliated with the National Academy of Medicine, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Matthew Gk Benesch
- Drs Bruno, Tehrani, and Mr Kaufman are affiliated with the Touro College of Osteopathic Medicine, Middletown, New York. Dr Bruno is affiliated with the Department of Public Health, School of Health Sciences and Practice, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York. Drs Degani-Costa, Tokeshi, and Fidalgo are affiliated with the Department of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal de São Paulo/Escola Paulista de Medicina, São Paulo, Brazil. Drs Degani-Costa and Ms Gushken are affiliated with the Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein - Faculdade Israelita de Ciências da Saúde Albert Einstein, São Paulo, Brazil. Dr Kandipudi is affiliated with the Andhra Medical College, Vishakhapatnam, India. Dr Szlejf is affiliated with the Department of Big Data, Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo, Brazil. Dr Kumar is affiliated with the All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Mangalagiri, India. Dr Jamir is affiliated with the All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Guwahati, India. Drs Benesch and Ryan are affiliated with Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada. Drs Lotay and Fuld are affiliated with the Department of Respiratory Medicine, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, United Kingdom. Dr Fidalgo is affiliated with the National Academy of Medicine, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Morag G Ryan
- Drs Bruno, Tehrani, and Mr Kaufman are affiliated with the Touro College of Osteopathic Medicine, Middletown, New York. Dr Bruno is affiliated with the Department of Public Health, School of Health Sciences and Practice, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York. Drs Degani-Costa, Tokeshi, and Fidalgo are affiliated with the Department of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal de São Paulo/Escola Paulista de Medicina, São Paulo, Brazil. Drs Degani-Costa and Ms Gushken are affiliated with the Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein - Faculdade Israelita de Ciências da Saúde Albert Einstein, São Paulo, Brazil. Dr Kandipudi is affiliated with the Andhra Medical College, Vishakhapatnam, India. Dr Szlejf is affiliated with the Department of Big Data, Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo, Brazil. Dr Kumar is affiliated with the All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Mangalagiri, India. Dr Jamir is affiliated with the All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Guwahati, India. Drs Benesch and Ryan are affiliated with Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada. Drs Lotay and Fuld are affiliated with the Department of Respiratory Medicine, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, United Kingdom. Dr Fidalgo is affiliated with the National Academy of Medicine, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Hardeep Lotay
- Drs Bruno, Tehrani, and Mr Kaufman are affiliated with the Touro College of Osteopathic Medicine, Middletown, New York. Dr Bruno is affiliated with the Department of Public Health, School of Health Sciences and Practice, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York. Drs Degani-Costa, Tokeshi, and Fidalgo are affiliated with the Department of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal de São Paulo/Escola Paulista de Medicina, São Paulo, Brazil. Drs Degani-Costa and Ms Gushken are affiliated with the Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein - Faculdade Israelita de Ciências da Saúde Albert Einstein, São Paulo, Brazil. Dr Kandipudi is affiliated with the Andhra Medical College, Vishakhapatnam, India. Dr Szlejf is affiliated with the Department of Big Data, Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo, Brazil. Dr Kumar is affiliated with the All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Mangalagiri, India. Dr Jamir is affiliated with the All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Guwahati, India. Drs Benesch and Ryan are affiliated with Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada. Drs Lotay and Fuld are affiliated with the Department of Respiratory Medicine, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, United Kingdom. Dr Fidalgo is affiliated with the National Academy of Medicine, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Jonathan P Fuld
- Drs Bruno, Tehrani, and Mr Kaufman are affiliated with the Touro College of Osteopathic Medicine, Middletown, New York. Dr Bruno is affiliated with the Department of Public Health, School of Health Sciences and Practice, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York. Drs Degani-Costa, Tokeshi, and Fidalgo are affiliated with the Department of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal de São Paulo/Escola Paulista de Medicina, São Paulo, Brazil. Drs Degani-Costa and Ms Gushken are affiliated with the Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein - Faculdade Israelita de Ciências da Saúde Albert Einstein, São Paulo, Brazil. Dr Kandipudi is affiliated with the Andhra Medical College, Vishakhapatnam, India. Dr Szlejf is affiliated with the Department of Big Data, Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo, Brazil. Dr Kumar is affiliated with the All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Mangalagiri, India. Dr Jamir is affiliated with the All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Guwahati, India. Drs Benesch and Ryan are affiliated with Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada. Drs Lotay and Fuld are affiliated with the Department of Respiratory Medicine, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, United Kingdom. Dr Fidalgo is affiliated with the National Academy of Medicine, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Londani M, Oladimeji O. Tobacco use and behaviour among South African adolescents and young adults: systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ Open 2024; 14:e079657. [PMID: 38413155 PMCID: PMC10900320 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2023-079657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Tobacco use, particularly the initiation of smoking during adolescence and young adulthood, represents a significant public health concern in South Africa. This study aims to conduct a comprehensive review of published literature about tobacco use and behaviour among adolescents and young adults and to determine an aggregated prevalence estimate of tobacco use within this demographic. DESIGN Systematic review and meta-analysis. DATA SOURCES PubMed/MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, Scopus and Google Scholar were searched from 1 January 2000 through 31 October 2023. ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA Studies were eligible for inclusion if they were cross-sectional studies conducted in South Africa and measured the prevalence and determinants of tobacco use among adolescents and young adults aged 12-24 years. DATA EXTRACTION AND SYNTHESIS Two reviewers independently extracted information for each article and saved it into an Excel spreadsheet. Risk of bias analysis was conducted using the Risk of Bias Assessment Tool for non-randomised studies. The methodology quality of each selected study was evaluated using the Joanna Briggs Institute checklist. The heterogeneity of prevalence estimates was assessed using I2 statistic (random-effects DerSimonian-Laid approach). RESULTS Out of 73 articles identified, 12 articles were included in the analysis. The pooled prevalence of current tobacco use among South African adolescents and young adults was estimated to be 22%. The pooled prevalence of tobacco use among school dropouts, university students and secondary school learners was 51%, 20% and 16%, respectively. Stratifying using gender, boys (26%) were two times more likely to use tobacco than girls (13%). CONCLUSION The elevated occurrence of tobacco usage among South African adolescents and young adults is a relevant public health concern. There is a need for more population-based prevalence studies at a national level to estimate the burden of tobacco use in South Africa. PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER CRD42023428369.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mukhethwa Londani
- Directorate of Research and Innovation, Tshwane University of Technology, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Olanrewaju Oladimeji
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University, Pretoria, South Africa
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Chimbangu CT, Xi L, Ya Z, Jiayue Z, Xiao M, Ying W, Xingxu Y, Liu X. A literature review of a meta-analysis of BRAF mutations in non-small cell lung cancer. Medicine (Baltimore) 2024; 103:e34654. [PMID: 38394545 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000034654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The research on the relationship between the Braf Proto-oncogene (BRAF) mutation and lung cancer has generated conflicting findings. Nevertheless, there is an argument suggesting that assessing the BRAF status could offer benefits in terms of managing and prognosing individuals with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). To present a comprehensive overview of this subject, we undertook an up-to-date meta-analysis of pertinent publications. METHODS We conducted an extensive literature search utilizing Medical Subject Headings keywords, namely "BRAF", "mutation", "lung", "tumor", "NSCLC", and "neoplasm", across multiple databases, including PubMed, EMBASE, ISI Science Citation Index, and CNKI. For each study, we calculated and evaluated the odds ratio and confidence interval, focusing on the consistency of the eligible research. RESULTS The meta-analysis unveiled a noteworthy correlation between BRAF mutation and lung cancer. No significant evidence was found regarding the connection between smoking and staging among individuals with BRAF mutations. Furthermore, a substantial disparity in the rate of BRAF mutations was observed between males and females. CONCLUSION Our meta-analysis revealed a significant correlation between BRAF mutations and NSCLC. Moreover, we observed a higher incidence of BRAF lung mutations in females compared to males. Additionally, the BRAFV600E mutation was found to be more prevalent among female patients and nonsmokers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Li Xi
- Jinzhou Medical University, Liaoning, Jinzhou, China
| | - Zhou Ya
- Jinzhou Medical University, Liaoning, Jinzhou, China
| | - Zhao Jiayue
- Department of Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Liaoning, Jinzhou, China
| | - Meng Xiao
- Department of Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Liaoning, Jinzhou, China
| | - Wang Ying
- Department of Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Liaoning, Jinzhou, China
| | - Yu Xingxu
- Department of Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Liaoning, Jinzhou, China
| | - Xiaomei Liu
- Department of Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Liaoning, Jinzhou, China
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173
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Cordero DA. When the smoke is going down! The Philippines' effective smoking-control campaign. J Public Health (Oxf) 2024; 46:e205. [PMID: 37668070 DOI: 10.1093/pubmed/fdad176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Dalmacito A Cordero
- Department of Theology and Religious Education, De La Salle University, Manila 2401, Philippines
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Taheri N, Fattahi P, Saeedi E, Sayyari M, Abdi S, Khaki M, Rahimi N, Motamedi RK, Lotfi F, Vand Rajabpour M, Nemati S. A decade of tobacco control efforts: Implications for tobacco smoking prevalence in Eastern Mediterranean countries. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0297045. [PMID: 38394166 PMCID: PMC10889639 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0297045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES This study aimed to assess the association between the 10-year implementation of tobacco control policies, cigarette affordability index and changes in tobacco smoking prevalence across Eastern Mediterranean (EMR) countries. MATERIALS AND METHODS An ecologic study was conducted using EMR countries as the analytical unit. Data from three sources were utilized: the MPOWER scale to measure tobacco control policy implementation (2010-2020), the tobacco affordability index (expressed as a percentage of GDP per capita required to purchase 2000 cigarettes, from 2010 to 2020), and national tobacco smoking prevalence data for EMR countries (2010-2023). Linear Fixed-effect regression was employed to investigate associations between changes in MPOWER scores, the cigarette affordability index, and alterations in tobacco prevalence over a decade. RESULTS Statistically significant inverse associations were observed between changes in MPOWER scores and tobacco smoking prevalence among both men and women in EMR countries (P-value<0.05). Each unit increase in MPOWER score corresponded to a 0.26% reduction in tobacco prevalence among men and a 0.12% reduction among women. The regression model revealed that each unit increase in the cigarette affordability index was linked to a 0.9% decrease in tobacco smoking prevalence across EMR countries (P-value<0.05). Furthermore, even after adjusting for multiple confounders, significant inverse associations were noted between tobacco monitoring (β = -0.41), health warning (β = -0.45), and changes in tobacco smoking prevalence (P-value<0.05). CONCLUSION This study underscored the effectiveness of enhancing the implementation of tobacco control policies and increasing the cigarette affordability index as preventive measures to reduce tobacco smoking prevalence in EMR countries over the past decade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Negar Taheri
- Cancer Research Center, Cancer Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Pedram Fattahi
- Cancer Research Center, Cancer Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Student research Center, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Elnaz Saeedi
- Cancer Research Center, Cancer Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Sayyari
- School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sepideh Abdi
- Cancer Research Center, Cancer Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mina Khaki
- Cancer Research Center, Cancer Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Navid Rahimi
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Rouhollah K. Motamedi
- Medical Genomic Research Center, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fereshte Lotfi
- Cancer Research Center, Cancer Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mojtaba Vand Rajabpour
- Cancer Research Center, Cancer Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saeed Nemati
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of public health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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175
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Hosseini S, Karimi G. Study of waterpipe smoking topography in Fars province of Iran. Sci Rep 2024; 14:4444. [PMID: 38395954 PMCID: PMC10891167 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-54973-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Despite a sharp increase in the use of the waterpipe (WP) has been noted recently in Iran, no information is available for the smoking behavior and topography parameters. The present study is intended to obtain the inhalation and smoking topography parameters for the Iranian WP smokers. The smoking data collected from 122 smoking sessions, including 192 WP smokers in the Iranian Fars province have been used to perform smoking topography assessments. The influence of demographic and smoking parameters on puffing data is obtained. Results have indicated that gender and tobacco type strongly affect puff volume and duration. Women smokers inhale smaller volume of smoke than men and puff duration is significantly increased for regular smokers than occasional smokers. However, the results of the present study have not revealed a major effect of age, residence and setting on the puffing behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Hosseini
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Shiraz University, Shiraz, 7134851154, Iran.
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Larestan, Larestan, Iran.
| | - G Karimi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Shiraz University, Shiraz, 7134851154, Iran
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176
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Suarjana IWG, Sudirham, Palilingan RA, Fathimah S. Smoking and respiratory infections: implications for public health in Indonesia. J Public Health (Oxf) 2024; 46:e177-e178. [PMID: 37553095 DOI: 10.1093/pubmed/fdad151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- I Wayan Gede Suarjana
- Departement of Public Health, Faculty of Sport Science and Public Health, Universitas Negeri Manado, Tondano, North Sulawesi 95618, Indonesia
| | - Sudirham
- Departement of Public Health, Faculty of Sport Science and Public Health, Universitas Negeri Manado, Tondano, North Sulawesi 95618, Indonesia
| | - Richard Andreas Palilingan
- Departement of Public Health, Faculty of Sport Science and Public Health, Universitas Negeri Manado, Tondano, North Sulawesi 95618, Indonesia
| | - Siti Fathimah
- Department of Sociology Education, Faculty of Social Sciences and Law, Universitas Negeri Manado, Tondano, North Sulawesi 95618, Indonesia
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Shadi Y, Heshmati B, Poorolajal J. Interaction between hepatitis B, hepatitis C and smoking in the development of hepatocellular carcinoma: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Public Health (Oxf) 2024; 46:51-60. [PMID: 37934962 DOI: 10.1093/pubmed/fdad214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This meta-analysis reports the relationship between hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV), smoking and their combined impact on the development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). METHODS We conducted a systematic search of PubMed, Web of Science and Scopus databases up to 15 July 2023. Observational studies investigating the association between HBV, HCV and smoking in the development of HCC were included. We assessed between-study heterogeneity using the I2 statistics. The effect sizes were estimated as odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) using a random-effects model. RESULTS Out of 20 794 studies identified in the initial search, 32 observational studies involving 22 282 participants met the inclusion criteria. Our meta-analysis showed that the combined impact of HBV and smoking was associated with an OR of 19.81 (95% CI: 14.77, 26.58), HCV and smoking was associated with an OR of 24.86 (95% CI: 12.41, 49.79), and coinfection of HBV and HCV was associated with an OR of 32.58 (95% CI: 20.57, 51.60). CONCLUSIONS Our findings indicate a significant interaction between HBV, HCV and smoking in the development of HCC and highlight the importance of addressing smoking cessation and viral hepatitis prevention and treatment as potential strategies for reducing HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yahya Shadi
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan 6517838695, Iran
| | - Bahram Heshmati
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan 6517838695, Iran
| | - Jalal Poorolajal
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan 6517838695, Iran
- Modeling of Noncommunicable Diseases Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan 6517838695, Iran
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian Peate
- Editor in Chief, British Journal of Nursing
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179
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Marsh L, Doscher C, Iosua E, Quigg R, Tomintz M. What impact would tobacco retailer proximity limit have on tobacco availability in New Zealand? Tob Control 2024; 33:215-220. [PMID: 35953283 DOI: 10.1136/tc-2022-057462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION One policy option to reduce the density of tobacco retailers is to restrict the distance retailers can be located to each other. This study examined the impacts of proximity limits of 150 m, 300 m and 450 m between tobacco retailers in New Zealand and if critical threshold reduction in tobacco retailers of 90%-95% would be achieved. METHODS Using a spatial modelling approach, tobacco retailers were randomly removed based on a minimum distance between retailers until there were zero retailers within each scenario's minimum distance. This was repeated for all three proximity limit scenarios and descriptive statistics are provided for each. RESULTS Implementation of 150 m, 300 m or 450 m distance restrictions between tobacco retailers would result in an average reduction in availability of 35%, 49% and 58%, respectively. On average, the current median distance to the closest retailer increases from 110 m to 377 m, to 568 m or to 718 m, respectively. The average median distance from a retailer to the closest school also increases across the three proximity limits, from 1017 m to 1087 m, to 1149 m or to 1231 m, respectively. Reduced clustering in deprived areas would be most apparent if a 450 m restriction policy was implemented. CONCLUSIONS A proximity limit of 450 m would reduce retailers by 58%, but would not reach proposed critical behaviour-change threshold of 90%-95% required to reduce smoking prevalence independently. There is a need for a combination of policies, which focus on promoting equity, to achieve this bold endgame goal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louise Marsh
- Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Crile Doscher
- Faculty of Environment, Society and Design, Lincoln University, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Ella Iosua
- Biostatistics Centre, Division of Health Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Robin Quigg
- Ngāi Tahu Māori Health Research Unit, Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Melanie Tomintz
- Geospatial Research Institute, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand
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Gallus S, Stival C, McKee M, Carreras G, Gorini G, Odone A, van den Brandt PA, Pacifici R, Lugo A. Impact of electronic cigarette and heated tobacco product on conventional smoking: an Italian prospective cohort study conducted during the COVID-19 pandemic. Tob Control 2024; 33:267-270. [PMID: 36207129 DOI: 10.1136/tc-2022-057368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Debate continues about whether electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) and heated tobacco products (HTP) reduce or increase the probability of smoking, with many studies compromised by stated or unstated conflicts of interest. We undertook a longitudinal study in Italy. METHODS 3185 Italian participants aged 18-74 years provided baseline (April-May) and follow-up (November-December) responses in 2020, reporting smoking status and use of e-cigarettes and HTP. We tracked transitions over that period and reported risk ratios (RR) and corresponding 95% CIs for changes in smoking in relation to baseline use of e-cigarettes and HTPs. RESULTS Never cigarette smokers who used e-cigarettes at baseline were much more likely to start smoking (compared with never users, RR 8.78; 95% CI: 5.65 to 13.65) and current HTP users (RR 5.80; 95% CI: 3.65 to 9.20). Among ex-smokers, relapse (17.2%) at follow-up was more likely among e-cigarette (RR 4.25; 95% CI: 2.40 to 7.52) and HTP users (RR 3.32; 95% CI: 2.05 to 5.37). Among current smokers at baseline, those who had continued smoking at follow-up were 85.4% overall. These were more frequently current novel product users (compared with non-users, RR 1.10; 95% CI: 1.02 to 1.19 for e-cigarette users; RR 1.17; 95% CI: 1.10 to 1.23 for HTP users). CONCLUSIONS Both e-cigarette and HTP use predict starting smoking and relapse, and appear to reduce smoking cessation. Due to the limited sample size within specific strata, the association with quitting smoking should be confirmed by larger prospective studies. These findings do not support the use of e-cigarettes and HTPs in tobacco control as a consumer product, at least in Italy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvano Gallus
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Chiara Stival
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Martin McKee
- London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Giulia Carreras
- Oncologic Network, Prevention and Research Institute, Florence, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Gorini
- Oncologic Network, Prevention and Research Institute, Florence, Italy
| | - Anna Odone
- Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, University of Pavia Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, Pavia, Italy
- School of Medicine, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Piet A van den Brandt
- Department of Epidemiology, GROW-School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology, CAPHRI-School for Public Health and Primary Care, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Roberta Pacifici
- National Centre on Addiction and Doping, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandra Lugo
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milan, Italy
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Pavani K, Raghavendar K. A novel technique to study the solutions of time fractional nonlinear smoking epidemic model. Sci Rep 2024; 14:4159. [PMID: 38378902 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-54492-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024] Open
Abstract
The primary goal of the current work is to use a novel technique known as the natural transform decomposition method to approximate an analytical solution for the fractional smoking epidemic model. In the proposed method, fractional derivatives are considered in the Caputo, Caputo-Fabrizio, and Atangana-Baleanu-Caputo senses. An epidemic model is proposed to explain the dynamics of drug use among adults. Smoking is a serious issue everywhere in the world. Notwithstanding the overwhelming evidence against smoking, it is nonetheless a harmful habit that is widespread and accepted in society. The considered nonlinear mathematical model has been successfully used to explain how smoking has changed among people and its effects on public health in a community. The two states of being endemic and disease-free, which are when the disease dies out or persists in a population, have been compared using sensitivity analysis. The proposed technique has been used to solve the model, which consists of five compartmental agents representing various smokers identified, such as potential smokers V, occasional smokers G, smokers T, temporarily quitters O, and permanently quitters W. The results of the suggested method are contrasted with those of existing numerical methods. Finally, some numerical findings that illustrate the tables and figures are shown. The outcomes show that the proposed method is efficient and effective.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Pavani
- Department of Mathematics, School of Advanced Sciences, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, 632014, India
| | - K Raghavendar
- Department of Mathematics, School of Advanced Sciences, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, 632014, India.
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Jung B, Lee JA, Kim YJ, Cho HJ. The smoking population is not hardening in South Korea: a study using the Korea Community Health Survey from 2010 to 2018. Tob Control 2024; 33:171-177. [PMID: 35851261 DOI: 10.1136/tc-2022-057332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The hardening hypothesis proposes that the proportion of hardcore smokers increases when smoking prevalence declines. To evaluate whether such hardening occurs in South Korea, we examined the association between quitting behaviours, the number of cigarettes smoked per day and the proportion of hardcore smokers and smoking prevalence among local districts in South Korea. METHODS This study used the cross-sectional data from the Korea Community Health Survey (2010-2018) to examine local district-level associations between smoking prevalence and quit attempts, quit plans, quit ratios, cigarettes smoked per day and the proportion of hardcore smokers. Panel regression analysis was performed using the indicators of hardcore smoking (quit attempts, quit plans, quit ratios, cigarettes smoked per day and proportion of hardcore smokers) as the outcome variables, and prevalence of smoking, local districts, age and sex as predictor variables. RESULTS When the smoking prevalence of the districts decreased by 1%, quit attempts, quit plans and quit ratios increased by 0.24% (95% CI 0.11 to 0.37), 0.37% (95% CI 0.26 to 0.47) and 1.71% (95% CI 1.65 to 1.76), respectively. Cigarette consumption decreased by 0.17 cigarettes per day (95% 0.15 to 0.19), and the prevalence of hardcore smokers decreased by 0.88% (95% CI 0.78 to 0.98) when smoking prevalence decreased by 1%. CONCLUSION Hardening of smoking did not occur in South Korea when smoking prevalence declined, which suggests tobacco control policies in South Korea have been effective in reducing smoking prevalence without increasing the proportion of hardcore smokers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boyoung Jung
- Jireh Clinic of Family Medicine, Seoul, The Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Ah Lee
- Workplace Health Institute, Total Health Care Center, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Jongno-gu, Seoul, The Republic of Korea
| | - Ye-Jee Kim
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Asan Medical Center, Songpa-gu, Seoul, The Republic of Korea
| | - Hong-Jun Cho
- Department of Family Medicine, Asan Medical Center. University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Songpa-gu, The Republic of Korea
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Shakt G, Tsao NL, Levin MG, Walker V, Kember RL, Klarin D, Tsao P, Voight BF, Scali ST, Damrauer SM. Major Depressive Disorder Impacts Peripheral Artery Disease Risk Through Intermediary Risk Factors. J Am Heart Assoc 2024; 13:e030233. [PMID: 38362853 PMCID: PMC11010076 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.123.030233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Major depressive disorder (MDD) has been identified as a causal risk factor for multiple forms of cardiovascular disease. Although observational evidence has linked MDD to peripheral artery disease (PAD), causal evidence of this relationship is lacking. METHODS AND RESULTS Inverse variance weighted 2-sample Mendelian randomization was used to test the association the between genetic liability for MDD and genetic liability for PAD. Genetic liability for MDD was associated with increased genetic liability for PAD (odds ratio [OR], 1.17 [95% CI, 1.06-1.29]; P=2.6×10-3). Genetic liability for MDD was also associated with increased genetically determined lifetime smoking (β=0.11 [95% CI, 0.078-0.14]; P=1.2×10-12), decreased alcohol intake (β=-0.078 [95% CI, -0.15 to 0]; P=0.043), and increased body mass index (β=0.10 [95% CI, 0.02-0.19]; P=1.8×10-2), which in turn were associated with genetic liability for PAD (smoking: OR, 2.81 [95% CI, 2.28-3.47], P=9.8×10-22; alcohol: OR, 0.77 [95% CI, 0.66-0.88]; P=1.8×10-4; body mass index: OR, 1.61 [95% CI, 1.52-1.7]; P=1.3×10-57). Controlling for lifetime smoking index, alcohol intake, and body mass index with multivariable Mendelian randomization completely attenuated the association between genetic liability for MDD with genetic liability for PAD. CONCLUSIONS This work provides evidence for a possible causal association between MDD and PAD that is dependent on intermediate risk factors, adding to the growing body of evidence suggesting that effective management and treatment of cardiovascular diseases may require a composite of physical and mental health interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabrielle Shakt
- Corporal Michael Crescenz VA Medical CenterPhiladelphiaPAUSA
- Department of Surgery, Perelman School of MedicineUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPAUSA
| | - Noah L. Tsao
- Corporal Michael Crescenz VA Medical CenterPhiladelphiaPAUSA
- Department of Surgery, Perelman School of MedicineUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPAUSA
| | - Michael G. Levin
- Corporal Michael Crescenz VA Medical CenterPhiladelphiaPAUSA
- Department of Medicine, Perelman School of MedicineUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPAUSA
| | - Venexia Walker
- Department of Surgery, Perelman School of MedicineUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPAUSA
- Medical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology UnitUniversity of BristolBristolUnited Kingdom
| | - Rachel L. Kember
- Corporal Michael Crescenz VA Medical CenterPhiladelphiaPAUSA
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of MedicineUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPAUSA
| | - Derek Klarin
- VA Palo Alto Health Care SystemPalo AltoCAUSA
- Division of Vascular SurgeryStanford UniversityPalo AltoCAUSA
| | - Phil Tsao
- VA Palo Alto Health Care SystemPalo AltoCAUSA
- Department of MedicineStanford University School of MedicineStanfordCAUSA
| | - Benjamin F. Voight
- Corporal Michael Crescenz VA Medical CenterPhiladelphiaPAUSA
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational TherapeuticsUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPAUSA
- Department of Genetics, Perelman School of MedicineUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPAUSA
| | | | - Scott M. Damrauer
- Corporal Michael Crescenz VA Medical CenterPhiladelphiaPAUSA
- Department of Surgery, Perelman School of MedicineUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPAUSA
- Department of Genetics, Perelman School of MedicineUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPAUSA
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Aw JYH, Heris C, Maddox R, Joshy G, Banks Am E. Who smokes in Australia? Cross-sectional analysis of Australian Bureau of Statistics survey data, 2017-19. Med J Aust 2024; 220:154-163. [PMID: 38368552 DOI: 10.5694/mja2.52216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To assess the socio-demographic and health-related characteristics of people who smoke daily, people who formerly smoked, and people who have never smoked in Australia. STUDY DESIGN Cross-sectional analysis of Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS) survey data. SETTING, PARTICIPANTS Adult participants (16 370 people aged 18 years or older) in the ABS 2017-18 National Health Survey (NHS); adult participants in the ABS 2018-19 National Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Health Survey (NATSIHS) (6423 people aged 18 years or older). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Socio-demographic and health-related characteristics of people who smoke daily, people who formerly smoked, and people who have never smoked, expressed as population-weighted proportions, overall and by Indigeneity. RESULTS Among adult NHS respondents, an estimated 58.8% of people who smoked daily (95% confidence interval [CI], 56.2-61.4%) were men, 61.3% (95% CI, 58.7-63.9%) were 25-54 years old, 72.5% (95% CI, 70.0-74.8%) were born in Australia, and 65.4% (95% CI, 62.8-67.8%) lived in major cities and 54.3% (95% CI, 51.6-57.0%) in areas in the two socio-economically most disadvantaged quintiles; 75.9% (95% CI, 73.5-78.1%) reported good to excellent health, 73.0% (95% CI, 70.5-75.4%) reported low to moderate psychological distress, 69.0% of those aged 25-64 years (ie, of working age) had completed year 12 (high school), and 68.5% were currently employed. An estimated 2.57 million people smoke daily in Australia: 2.37 million non-Indigenous people (92%) and 195 700 Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islander people (8%). CONCLUSIONS While smoking is more frequent among people living in socio-economically disadvantaged areas and in certain population sub-groups, this first quantitative national profile indicates that most people who smoke daily are in paid employment, are non-Indigenous, are in good physical and mental health, and have completed year 12. Improved comprehensive structural supply- and demand-based tobacco control, informed by the needs of priority groups and the overall profile of people who smoke, is needed to reduce daily smoking prevalence among adults to the 2030 targets of 5% or less for all Australians and 27% or less for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Yi Han Aw
- National Centre of Epidemiology and Population Health, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT
| | - Christina Heris
- National Centre of Epidemiology and Population Health, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT
| | - Raglan Maddox
- National Centre of Epidemiology and Population Health, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT
| | - Grace Joshy
- National Centre of Epidemiology and Population Health, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT
| | - Emily Banks Am
- National Centre of Epidemiology and Population Health, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT
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Chu Z, Yi M, Yan C, Li B, Zhang H, Guo K, Geng S. The impact of smoking and alcohol consumption on rosacea: a multivariable Mendelian randomization study. Front Public Health 2024; 12:1320932. [PMID: 38439759 PMCID: PMC10909955 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1320932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Backgrounds Observational studies have shown that cigarette smoking is inversely associated with risk of rosacea, However, it remains uncertain whether this association is causal or it is a result of reverse causation, and whether this association is affected by drinking behaviors. Methods This study utilized the summary-level data from the largest genome-wide association study (GWAS) for smoking, alcohol consumption, and rosacea. The objective was to investigate the effect of genetically predicted exposures to smoking and alcohol consumption on the risk of developing rosacea. Two-sample bidirectional Mendelian randomization (MR) was applied, accompanied by sensitive analyses to validate the robustness of findings. Furthermore, multivariable MR was conducted to evaluate the direct impact of smoking on rosacea. Results A decreased risk of rosacea was observed in individuals with genetically predicted lifetime smoking [odds ratio (OR)MR - IVW = 0.53; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.318-0.897; P = 0.017], and number of cigarettes per day (ORMR - IVW = 0.55; 95% CI, 0.358-0.845; P = 0.006). However, no significant associations were found between initiation of regular smoking, smoking cessation, smoking initiation, alcohol consumption and rosacea. Reverse MR analysis did not show any associations between genetic liability toward rosacea and smoking or alcohol drinking. Importantly, the effect of lifetime smoking and the number of cigarettes per day on rosacea remained significant even after adjusting for alcohol consumption in multivariable MR analysis. Conclusion Smoking was causally related to a lower risk of rosacea, while alcohol consumption does not appear to be associated with risk of rosacea.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Kun Guo
- Department of Dermatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Songmei Geng
- Department of Dermatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
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Roczen J, Bolte G, Reineke B, Kuhnert R, Starker A, Mena E. Gender equality and smoking among 15 to 25 year olds-a time-based ecological analysis of developments in Germany from 1960 to 2005. Front Public Health 2024; 12:1295050. [PMID: 38435291 PMCID: PMC10904588 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1295050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Smoking is a major risk factor for premature death and health problems in which there are significant gender differences in the prevalence of smoking. This ecological study examines the correlation between changes in gender equality and prevalence of smoking among young adults (15-25 years old) in Germany over a period of 45 years (1960-2005). Methods Gender inequality was measured using the United Nations Gender Inequality Index (GII), which is composed of three dimensions; health, empowerment and labour market. It was calculated for the entire registered German population in five-year intervals with values between 0 and 1 (1 = highest inequality). The smoking prevalence of young women and men in Germany was established using a reconstruction method. A gender smoking ratio (GSR) with values between 0 and 1 was determined (1 = identical smoking prevalence among men and women). The smoking behaviour was illustrated and stratified by education. The correlation between the GII and the GSR was analysed. Results The GII decreased from 0.98 to 0.56 between 1960 and 2005. The GSR increased from 0.34 to 0.93. There was a strong negative correlation between the GII and the GSR (r = -0.71). The strength of the correlation fell slightly as the level of education decreased. An increase in gender equality as measured by the GII came along with similarities of smoking prevalence between young women and young men. Conclusion Successful tobacco prevention among young women and men may benefit from involving experts in gender-specific public health research to develop counter-advertising and gender-specific information as needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Roczen
- Department of Social Epidemiology, Institute of Public Health and Nursing Research, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
| | - Gabriele Bolte
- Department of Social Epidemiology, Institute of Public Health and Nursing Research, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
- Health Sciences Bremen, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
| | - Birgit Reineke
- Department of Social Epidemiology, Institute of Public Health and Nursing Research, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
| | - Ronny Kuhnert
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Monitoring, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Anne Starker
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Monitoring, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Emily Mena
- Department of Social Epidemiology, Institute of Public Health and Nursing Research, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
- Health Sciences Bremen, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
- Department of Prevention and Health Promotion, Institute of Public Health and Nursing Research, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
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188
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Williams PJ, Philip KEJ, Buttery SC, Perkins A, Chan L, Bartlett EC, Devaraj A, Kemp SV, Addis J, Derbyshire J, Chen M, Polkey MI, Laverty AA, Hopkinson NS. Immediate smoking cessation support during lung cancer screening: long-term outcomes from two randomised controlled trials. Thorax 2024; 79:269-273. [PMID: 37875371 DOI: 10.1136/thorax-2023-220367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Immediate smoking cessation interventions delivered alongside targeted lung health checks (TLHCs) to screen for lung cancer increase self-reported abstinence at 3 months. The impact on longer term, objectively confirmed quit rates remains to be established. METHODS We followed up participants from two clinical trials in people aged 55-75 years who smoked and took part in a TLHC. These randomised participants in the TLHC by day of attendance to either usual care (UC) (signposting to smoking cessation services) or an offer of immediate smoking cessation support including pharmacotherapy. In the QuLIT1 trial, this was delivered face to face and in QuLIT2, it was delivered remotely. Follow-up was conducted 12 months after the TLHC by telephone interview with subsequent biochemical verification of smoking cessation using exhaled CO. RESULTS 430 people were enrolled initially (115 in QuLIT1 and 315 in QuLIT2), with 4 deaths before 12 months leaving 426 (62.1±5.27 years old and 48% women) participants for analysis. At 12 months, those randomised to attend on smoking cessation support intervention days had higher quit rates compared with UC adjusted for age, gender, deprivation, and which trial they had been in; self-reported 7-day point prevalence (20.0% vs 12.8%; adjusted OR (AOR)=1.78; 95% CI 1.04 to 2.89) and CO-verified quits (12.1% vs 4.7%; AOR=2.97; 95% CI 1.38 to 6.90). Those in the intervention arm were also more likely to report having made a quit attempt (30.2% vs UC 18.5%; AOR 1.90; 95% CI 1.15 to 3.15). CONCLUSION Providing immediate smoking cessation support alongside TLHC increases long term, biochemically confirmed smoking abstinence. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER ISRCTN12455871.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parris J Williams
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Respiratory Medicine, Royal Brompton and Harefield Hospitals, London, UK
- NIHR Respiratory BRU, Royal Brompton Hospital and National Heart and Lung Institute, London, UK
| | - Keir E J Philip
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Sara C Buttery
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Respiratory Medicine, Royal Brompton and Harefield Hospitals, London, UK
- NIHR Respiratory BRU, Royal Brompton Hospital and National Heart and Lung Institute, London, UK
| | - Alexis Perkins
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Respiratory Medicine, Royal Brompton and Harefield Hospitals, London, UK
- NIHR Respiratory BRU, Royal Brompton Hospital and National Heart and Lung Institute, London, UK
| | - Ley Chan
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Respiratory Medicine, Royal Brompton and Harefield Hospitals, London, UK
| | - Emily C Bartlett
- Respiratory Medicine, Royal Brompton and Harefield Hospitals, London, UK
- Radiology, Royal Brompton and Harefield NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Anand Devaraj
- Respiratory Medicine, Royal Brompton and Harefield Hospitals, London, UK
- Radiology, Royal Brompton and Harefield NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Samuel V Kemp
- Respiratory Medicine, Royal Brompton and Harefield Hospitals, London, UK
| | - James Addis
- Radiology, Royal Brompton and Harefield NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Jane Derbyshire
- West London Cancer Alliance, Royal Marsden Partners, London, UK
| | - Michelle Chen
- West London Cancer Alliance, Royal Marsden Partners, London, UK
| | - Michael I Polkey
- NIHR Respiratory BRU, Royal Brompton Hospital and National Heart and Lung Institute, London, UK
| | - Anthony A Laverty
- Department of Primary Care and Public Health, Imperial College London School of Public Health, London, UK
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189
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Shimizu Y, Sasaki N, Hayakawa H, Honda E, Takada M, Okada T, Ohira T. Association between smoking and height loss in Japanese workers: A retrospective study. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0298121. [PMID: 38359064 PMCID: PMC10868742 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0298121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Height loss is reported to be an independent risk factor for all-cause and cardiovascular mortality. Smoking, which is responsible for a considerable proportion of deaths due to any cause, is also associated with lumbar disc degeneration, a major risk factor for height loss. Therefore, smoking could be an independent risk factor for height loss. To clarify the association between smoking status and height loss, a retrospective study with 8,984 (5,518 men and 3,466 women) Japanese workers was conducted. The present study population comprised 9,681 workers aged 40-74 years who participated in annual medical examinations between 2011 and 2017 (baseline). Subjects without a height measurement during 2012-2018 (endpoint) were excluded from the analysis (n = 697). Height loss was defined as being in the highest quartile of annul height decrease (1.48 mm/year for men and 1.79 mm/year for women). Independent of known cardiovascular risk factors, smoking was positively associated with height loss among men but not among women. With never smokers as the referent group, the adjusted odds ratio (95% confidence interval) was 1.15 (0.98, 1.35) for former smokers and 1.24 (1.05, 1.46) for current smokers among men, respectively. Among women, the corresponding values were 0.98 (0.79, 1.21) and 0.90 (0.71, 1.16), respectively. Since height loss and smoking are independent risk factors for all-cause and cardiovascular mortality, these results help clarify the mechanisms underlying the association between height loss and mortality risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuji Shimizu
- Epidemiology Section, Division of Public Health, Osaka Institute of Public Health, Osaka, Japan
| | - Nagisa Sasaki
- Epidemiology Section, Division of Public Health, Osaka Institute of Public Health, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hidenobu Hayakawa
- Department of Cardiovascular Disease Prevention, Osaka Center for Cancer and Cardiovascular Disease Prevention, Osaka, Japan
| | - Eiko Honda
- Epidemiology Section, Division of Public Health, Osaka Institute of Public Health, Osaka, Japan
| | - Midori Takada
- Epidemiology Section, Division of Public Health, Osaka Institute of Public Health, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takeo Okada
- Department of Cardiovascular Disease Prevention, Osaka Center for Cancer and Cardiovascular Disease Prevention, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Ohira
- Department of Epidemiology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
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190
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Smith P, Murray RL, Crosbie PA. Integrated stop smoking interventions are essential to maximise the health benefits from lung cancer screening. Thorax 2024; 79:198-199. [PMID: 38216316 DOI: 10.1136/thorax-2023-221037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/14/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Pamela Smith
- Division of Population Medicine, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | | | - Philip A Crosbie
- Division of Immunology, Immunity to Infection and Respiratory Medicine, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
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191
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Rayman S, Ross S, Sucandy I, Mikhail K, Christodoulou M, Pattilachan T, Rosemurgy A. The effects of smoking history on robotic transhiatal esophagectomy patient outcomes. J Robot Surg 2024; 18:76. [PMID: 38353887 DOI: 10.1007/s11701-024-01829-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/14/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
Esophageal resection for the treatment of esophageal cancer generally entails high rates of morbidity and mortality. Patients with a smoking history have increased post-operative complications following esophagectomy. This study was undertaken to determine how smoking or a history of smoking can affect perioperative outcomes and morbidity following robotic transhiatal esophagectomy. 75 patients were prospectively followed and divided; 44 patients actively smoking or with a history of significant smoking were classified as 'smokers', while the other 31 patients were classified as 'non-smokers'. Significance was determined at a p-value of ≤ 0.05 and data are presented as median (mean ± SD). 'Smokers' averaged 70(70 ± 7.8) years, 89% male, with 82% undergoing neoadjuvant therapy. 'Nonsmokers' averaged 68(69 ± 7.8) years, 74% male, and 74% receiving neoadjuvant therapy. BMI and ASA class showed no significant difference between the cohorts. 'Smokers' had an operative time of 341(343 ± 91.0) minutes and a blood loss of 150(191 ± 140.0) mL; 'nonsmokers' had 291(298 ± 65.9) minutes and 100(140 ± 120.9) mL, respectively (p = 0.02 for operative time). Tumor size and AJCC staging were similar for both cohorts. No significant differences were noted in postoperative complications, Clavien-Dindo score ≥ III, in-hospital mortality, length of stay, or 30-day readmissions. Survival rates were comparable. Hospital costs for 'smokers' were $33,131(41,091 ± 23,465.17) and $34,896 (62,154 ± 65,839.53) for 'nonsmokers' (p = 0.05). Profit/loss was $-23,155 (- 15,137 ± 35,819.29) for smokers and $-23,720 (- 16,716 ± 50,864.64) for nonsmokers. Current or past 'smokers' had longer operative times and lower costs following robotic transhiatal esophagectomy, with no significant difference in postoperative complications or survival compared to 'non-smokers'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shlomi Rayman
- Digestive Health Institute, AdventHealth Tampa, 3000 Medical Park Drive, Suite#500, Tampa, FL, 33613, USA
- Department of General Surgery, Assuta Ashdod Public Hospital, Ashdod, Israel
- Affiliated with the Faculty of Health and Science, Ben-Gurion University, Beer-Sheba, Israel
| | - Sharona Ross
- Digestive Health Institute, AdventHealth Tampa, 3000 Medical Park Drive, Suite#500, Tampa, FL, 33613, USA.
| | - Iswanto Sucandy
- Digestive Health Institute, AdventHealth Tampa, 3000 Medical Park Drive, Suite#500, Tampa, FL, 33613, USA
| | - Katherine Mikhail
- Digestive Health Institute, AdventHealth Tampa, 3000 Medical Park Drive, Suite#500, Tampa, FL, 33613, USA
| | - Maria Christodoulou
- Digestive Health Institute, AdventHealth Tampa, 3000 Medical Park Drive, Suite#500, Tampa, FL, 33613, USA
| | - Tara Pattilachan
- Digestive Health Institute, AdventHealth Tampa, 3000 Medical Park Drive, Suite#500, Tampa, FL, 33613, USA
| | - Alexander Rosemurgy
- Digestive Health Institute, AdventHealth Tampa, 3000 Medical Park Drive, Suite#500, Tampa, FL, 33613, USA
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192
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Alcaraz A, Lazo E, Casarini A, Rodriguez-Cairoli F, Augustovski F, Bardach A, Perelli L, Palacios A, Pichon-Riviere A, Espinola N. Exploring gender disparities in the disease and economic tobacco-attributable burden in Latin America. Front Public Health 2024; 11:1321319. [PMID: 38414564 PMCID: PMC10898166 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1321319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 02/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Tobacco use has significant health consequences in Latin America, and while studies have examined the overall impact, the gender-specific effects have not been thoroughly researched. Understanding these differences is crucial for effective tobacco control policies. The objective of this study was to explore the differences in tobacco-attributable disease and economic burden between men and women in Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, Mexico, and Peru. Methods We used a previously validated economic model to quantify the impact of tobacco-related illnesses, including morbidity, mortality, healthcare costs, productivity losses, informal care expenses, and DALYs, by gender and age. We utilized data from national surveys, records, studies, and expert opinions to populate the model. Results In 2020, there were 351,000 smoking-attributable deaths. Men accounted for 69% and women 31%. Ecuador and Mexico had the highest male-to-female death ratio, while Peru and Chile had the smallest disparities. 2.3 million tobacco-related disease events occurred, with 65% in men and 35% in women. Ecuador and Mexico had higher disease rates among men, while Peru had a more balanced ratio. Regarding DALYs, men lost 6.3 million due to tobacco, while women lost 3.3 million, primarily from COPD, cardiovascular disease, and cancer. Brazil and Mexico had the highest DALY losses for both genders. Costa Rica had a lower male-to-female tobacco use prevalence ratio but ranked second in deaths, disease events, and DALYs attributed to tobacco. Colombia had a unique pattern with a male-to-female death ratio of 2.08 but a higher ratio for disease events. The health systems spent $22.8 billion to treat tobacco-attributable diseases, with a male-to-female cost ratio 2.15. Ecuador showed the greatest gender cost difference, while Peru had the lowest. Productivity loss due to tobacco was $16.2 billion, with Ecuador and Mexico exhibiting the highest gender disparities and Peru the lowest. Informal care costs amounted to $10.8 billion, with men incurring higher costs in Ecuador, Costa Rica, and Mexico. Discussion Tobacco causes significant health and economic burdens in Latin America, with gender-based differences. There is a need for gender-disaggregated data to improve tobacco control policies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Alcaraz
- Instituto de Efectividad Clínica y Sanitaria (IECS), Institute for Clinical Efectiveness and Health Policy (IECS), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Elena Lazo
- Instituto de Efectividad Clínica y Sanitaria (IECS), Institute for Clinical Efectiveness and Health Policy (IECS), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Agustín Casarini
- Instituto de Efectividad Clínica y Sanitaria (IECS), Institute for Clinical Efectiveness and Health Policy (IECS), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Federico Rodriguez-Cairoli
- Instituto de Efectividad Clínica y Sanitaria (IECS), Institute for Clinical Efectiveness and Health Policy (IECS), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Federico Augustovski
- Instituto de Efectividad Clínica y Sanitaria (IECS), Institute for Clinical Efectiveness and Health Policy (IECS), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Ariel Bardach
- Instituto de Efectividad Clínica y Sanitaria (IECS), Institute for Clinical Efectiveness and Health Policy (IECS), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Lucas Perelli
- Instituto de Efectividad Clínica y Sanitaria (IECS), Institute for Clinical Efectiveness and Health Policy (IECS), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Alfredo Palacios
- Instituto de Efectividad Clínica y Sanitaria (IECS), Institute for Clinical Efectiveness and Health Policy (IECS), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Andrés Pichon-Riviere
- Instituto de Efectividad Clínica y Sanitaria (IECS), Institute for Clinical Efectiveness and Health Policy (IECS), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Natalia Espinola
- Instituto de Efectividad Clínica y Sanitaria (IECS), Institute for Clinical Efectiveness and Health Policy (IECS), Buenos Aires, Argentina
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193
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Bongers J, Belt M, Spekenbrink-Spooren A, Smulders K, Schreurs BW, Koeter S. Smoking is associated with higher short-term risk of revision and mortality following primary hip or knee arthroplasty: a cohort study of 272,640 patients from the Dutch Arthroplasty Registry. Acta Orthop 2024; 95:114-120. [PMID: 38353549 PMCID: PMC10866148 DOI: 10.2340/17453674.2024.39966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Patients actively smoking at the time of primary hip or knee arthroplasty are at increased risk of direct perioperative complications. We investigated the association between smoking status and risk of revision and mortality within 2 years following hip or knee arthroplasty. METHODS We used prospectively collected data from the Dutch Arthroplasty Register. All primary total hip arthroplasties (THAs), total knee arthroplasties (TKAs), and unicondylar knee arthroplasties (UKAs) with > 2 years' follow-up were included (THA: n = 140,336; TKA: n = 117,497; UKA: n = 14,807). We performed multivariable Cox regression analyses to calculate hazard risks for differences between smokers and non-smokers, while adjusting for confounders (aHR). RESULTS The smoking group had higher risk of revision (THA: aHR 1.3, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.1-1.4 and TKA: aHR 1.4, CI 1.3-1.6) and risk of mortality (THA: aHR 1.4, CI 1.3-1.6 and TKA: aHR 1.4, CI 1.2-1.6). Following UKA, smokers had a higher risk of mortality (aHR 1.7, CI 1.0-2.8), but no differences in risk of revision were observed. The smoking group had a higher risk of revision for infection following TKA (aHR 1.3, CI 1.0-1.6), but not following THA (aHR 1.0, CI 0.8-1.2). CONCLUSION This study showed that the risk of revision and mortality is higher for smokers than for non-smokers in the first 2 years following THA and TKA. Smoking could contribute to complications following primary hip or knee arthroplasty.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joris Bongers
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sint Maartenskliniek, Nijmegen; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Canisius Wilhelmina Ziekenhuis, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
| | - Maartje Belt
- Department of Research and Innovation, Sint Maartenskliniek, Nijmegen
| | | | - Katrijn Smulders
- Department of Research and Innovation, Sint Maartenskliniek, Nijmegen
| | - B Willem Schreurs
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen; Dutch Arthroplasty Register (Landelijke Registratie Orthopedische Interventies), 's-Hertogenbosch
| | - Sander Koeter
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Canisius Wilhelmina Ziekenhuis, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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194
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Li AL, Lyu J, Chen YY, Shao ZL, Li LM, Sun DJY, Yu CQ. [Physical activity and its influencing factors in patients with diabetes mellitus: a comparative study between China and the United Kingdom]. Zhonghua Liu Xing Bing Xue Za Zhi 2024; 45:171-177. [PMID: 38413053 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112338-20230828-00104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
Objective: To compare the differences in low-level physical activity (PA) and related influencing factors in patients with diabetes mellitus in China and the United Kingdom (UK). Methods: Using baseline survey data from the China Kadoorie Biobank and the UK Biobank, we analyzed the association between diabetes mellitus and low-level PA using logistic regression, with the participants' self-reported whether they had diabetes mellitus as the independent variable, and low-level PA as the dependent variable. Results: We included 509 254 Chinese adults and 359 763 British adults in the analysis. After adjusting for multiple factors, we found that both Chinese and British patients with diabetes mellitus were at elevated risk for low-level PA, with corresponding ORs (95%CIs) of 1.15 (1.12-1.19) and 1.37 (1.32-1.41), respectively. Patients with diabetes mellitus with longer disease duration and poorer glycemic control were at greater risk of having low-level of PA. Female, rural-distributed, employed, never-smoking Chinese diabetics, and male, urban-distributed, retired/unemployed, quit-smoking British diabetics were more likely to have low-level PA. Conclusions: Chinese and British patients with diabetes mellitus were more likely to have low-level PA compared with the general population, but the risk of low-level PA for patients in both countries varied by population characteristics. Therefore, PA guidelines and intervention measures should be based on the characteristics of individuals in the target countries and regions, which could improve PA levels among patients with diabetes mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- A L Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - J Lyu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China Peking University Center for Public Health and Epidemic Preparedness & Response, Beijing 100191, China Key Laboratory of Epidemiology of Major Diseases (Peking University), Ministry of Education, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Y Y Chen
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Z L Shao
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - L M Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China Peking University Center for Public Health and Epidemic Preparedness & Response, Beijing 100191, China Key Laboratory of Epidemiology of Major Diseases (Peking University), Ministry of Education, Beijing 100191, China
| | - D J Y Sun
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China Peking University Center for Public Health and Epidemic Preparedness & Response, Beijing 100191, China Key Laboratory of Epidemiology of Major Diseases (Peking University), Ministry of Education, Beijing 100191, China
| | - C Q Yu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China Peking University Center for Public Health and Epidemic Preparedness & Response, Beijing 100191, China Key Laboratory of Epidemiology of Major Diseases (Peking University), Ministry of Education, Beijing 100191, China
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195
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Beaglehole R, Bonita R. Harnessing tobacco harm reduction. Lancet 2024; 403:512-514. [PMID: 38310909 DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(24)00140-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/06/2024]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Ruth Bonita
- University of Auckland, Private Bag 9201, Auckland, New Zealand
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196
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Lu T, Lahousse L, Wijnant S, Chen J, Brusselle GG, van Hoek M, Zillikens MC. The AGE-RAGE axis associates with chronic pulmonary diseases and smoking in the Rotterdam study. Respir Res 2024; 25:85. [PMID: 38336742 PMCID: PMC10858545 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-024-02698-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and asthma associate with high morbidity and mortality. High levels of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) were found in tissue and plasma of COPD patients but their role in COPD and asthma is unclear. METHODS In the Rotterdam Study (n = 2577), AGEs (by skin autofluorescence (SAF)), FEV1 and lung diffusing capacity (DLCOc and DLCOc /alveolar volume [VA]) were measured. Associations of SAF with asthma, COPD, GOLD stage, and lung function were analyzed using logistic and linear regression adjusted for covariates, followed by interaction and stratification analyses. sRAGE and EN-RAGE associations with COPD prevalence were analyzed by logistic regression. RESULTS SAF associated with COPD prevalence (OR = 1.299 [1.060, 1.591]) but not when adjusted for smoking (OR = 1.106 [0.89, 1.363]). SAF associated with FEV1% predicted (β=-3.384 [-4.877, -1.892]), DLCOc (β=-0.212 [-0.327, -0.097]) and GOLD stage (OR = 4.073, p = 0.001, stage 3&4 versus 1). Stratified, the association between SAF and FEV1%predicted was stronger in COPD (β=-6.362 [-9.055, -3.670]) than non-COPD (β=-1.712 [-3.306, -0.118]). Association of SAF with DLCOc and DLCOc/VA were confined to COPD (β=-0.550 [-0.909, -0.191]; β=-0.065 [-0.117, -0.014] respectively). SAF interacted with former smoking and COPD prevalence for associations with lung function. Lower sRAGE and higher EN-RAGE associated with COPD prevalence (OR = 0.575[0.354, 0.931]; OR = 1.778[1.142, 2.768], respectively). CONCLUSIONS Associations between SAF, lung function and COPD prevalence were strongly influenced by smoking. SAF associated with COPD severity and its association with lung function was more prominent within COPD. These results fuel further research into interrelations and causality between SAF, smoking and COPD. TAKE-HOME MESSAGE Skin AGEs associated with prevalence and severity of COPD and lung function in the general population with a stronger effect in COPD, calling for further research into interrelations and causality between SAF, smoking and COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianqi Lu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center, 's-Gravendijkwal 230, 3015GD, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Lies Lahousse
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Bioanalysis, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Sara Wijnant
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Bioanalysis, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jinluan Chen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center, 's-Gravendijkwal 230, 3015GD, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Guy G Brusselle
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Mandy van Hoek
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center, 's-Gravendijkwal 230, 3015GD, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - M Carola Zillikens
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center, 's-Gravendijkwal 230, 3015GD, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
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197
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Zhang M, Wang J, Edmiston J. Underreporting of non-study cigarette use by study participants confounds the interpretation of results from ambulatory clinical trial of reduced nicotine cigarettes. Harm Reduct J 2024; 21:35. [PMID: 38331789 PMCID: PMC10854148 DOI: 10.1186/s12954-024-00953-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND As part of its comprehensive plan to significantly reduce the harm from tobacco products, the US Food and Drug Administration is establishing a product standard to lower nicotine in conventional cigarettes to make them "minimally addictive or non-addictive". Many clinical studies have investigated the potential impact of such a standard on smoking behavior and exposure to cigarette constituents. These ambulatory studies required participants who smoke to switch to reduced nicotine study cigarettes. In contrast to clinical trials on pharmaceuticals or medical devices, participants had ready access to non-study conventional nicotine cigarettes and high rates of non-study cigarette use were consistently reported. The magnitude of non-compliance, which could impact the interpretation of the study results, was not adequately assessed in these trials. METHODS We conducted a secondary analysis of data from a large, randomized trial of reduced nicotine cigarettes with 840 participants to estimate the magnitude of non-compliance, i.e., the average number of non-study cigarettes smoked per day by study participants assigned to reduced nicotine cigarettes. Individual participants' non-study cigarette use was estimated based on his/her urinary total nicotine equivalent level, the nicotine content of the study cigarette assigned and the self-reported number of cigarettes smoked, using a previously published method. RESULTS Our analysis showed that (1) there is a large variation in the number of non-study cigarettes smoked by participants within each group (coefficient of variation 90-232%); (2) participants in reduced nicotine cigarette groups underreported their mean number of non-study cigarettes smoked per day by 85-91%; and (3) the biochemical-based estimates indicate no reduction in the mean number of total cigarettes smoked per day for any group assigned to reduced nicotine cigarettes after accounting for non-study cigarettes. CONCLUSIONS High levels of non-compliance, in both the rate and magnitude of non-study cigarette use, are common in ambulatory reduced nicotine cigarette trials where participants have access to conventional nicotine non-study cigarettes. The potential impact of high non-compliance on study outcomes should be considered when interpreting the results from such ambulatory studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingda Zhang
- Altria Client Services LLC, 601 E. Jackson Street, Richmond, VA, 23219, USA.
| | - Jingzhu Wang
- Altria Client Services LLC, 601 E. Jackson Street, Richmond, VA, 23219, USA
| | - Jeffery Edmiston
- Altria Client Services LLC, 601 E. Jackson Street, Richmond, VA, 23219, USA
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Onyeaka HK, Chido-Amajuoyi OG, Daskalakis E, Deary EC, Boardman AC, Basiru T, Muoghalu C, Uwandu Q, Baiden P, Nkemjika S, Aneni K, Amonoo HL. Associations between Health-Related Use of Social Media and Positive Lifestyle Behaviors: Findings from a Representative Sample of US Adult Smokers. Subst Use Misuse 2024; 59:527-535. [PMID: 38037958 PMCID: PMC10922700 DOI: 10.1080/10826084.2023.2287199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
Background: Cigarette smokers have elevated cardiovascular risk factors, which contributes significantly to mortality. Although social media is a potential avenue to deliver smoking interventions, its role in health promotion among smokers remains relatively unexplored.Objective: To examine the uptake and impact of health-related social media use in cigarette smokers.Methods: Using data from the 2017-2020 Health Information National Trends Survey, we evaluated differences in health-related social media use between smokers and nonsmokers. Multivariable logistic regression was performed to examine the association between social media use and positive health behaviors.Results: We included 1863 current smokers and 13,560 nonsmokers; Most participants were women (51.0%), White (64.6%), and 49.2% were aged ≥50 years. Smokers who used ≥1 social media site for health-related purposes in the past year were significantly more likely to meet the guideline recommendations for: (i) weekly physical activity (AOR 2.00, 95% CI 1.23-3.24), (ii) daily vegetable intake (AOR 2.48, 95% CI 1.10-5.59), and (iii) weekly strength training (AOR 1.80, 95% CI 1.10-2.94). However, the odds of reporting intentions to quit smoking (AOR 1.81, 95% CI 0.98-3.34) and attempts at smoking cessation (AOR 1.68, 95% CI 0.90-3.12) did not differ by health-related social media use.Conclusion: Smokers use social media for health-related purposes at comparable rates to nonsmokers. While our findings indicate that these platforms present a novel opportunity for health promotion among smokers, future research exploring the utility of social media in smoking cessation is crucial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henry K Onyeaka
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, USA
| | - Onyema G Chido-Amajuoyi
- Department of Epidemiology, The University of Texas Maryland Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | - Emma C Deary
- Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Tajudeen Basiru
- Department of Psychiatry, Community Health South Florida, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Chioma Muoghalu
- Department of Pediatrics, Plains Regional Medical Center, Clovis, NM, USA
| | - Queeneth Uwandu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Geisinger Health System, Danville, PA, USA
| | - Philip Baiden
- School of Social Work, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, USA
| | - Stanley Nkemjika
- Department of Psychiatry, Interfaith Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | - Kammarauche Aneni
- Yale Child Study Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Hermioni L Amonoo
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Psychosocial Oncology and Palliative Care, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
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199
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Ngwibete A, Ogunbode O, Swende LT, Agbada MM, Omigbodun A. Prevalence of precancerous lesions and other cervical abnormalities among internally displaced women in Benue State Nigeria. Pan Afr Med J 2024; 47:50. [PMID: 38681110 PMCID: PMC11055184 DOI: 10.11604/pamj.2024.47.50.39721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction visual inspection is a low-cost screening strategy that can be used to prevent cervical cancer in women. These techniques can improve screening health outcomes for internally displaced women (IDW) who have poor sexual and reproductive health and rights' behaviors and outcomes. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of precancerous lesions and other clinical features using a visual inspection with acetic acid (VIA) technique during a cervical cancer screening campaign in two internally displaced people (IDP) camps in Benue State, Nigeria. Methods this was a cross-sectional study of 166 IDW who voluntarily participated in the study during a VIA cervical cancer screening campaign in two IDP camps in Benue State, Nigeria the screening was done by a group of qualified and trained healthcare workers and data was collected using a structured, pretested questionnaire. Results a total of 99(60%) of the women had a first sexual experience at 16 years, while 78(47%) had more than 5 full-term pregnancies. Although only 72(43.4%) of the women acknowledged having more than one sexual partner, over 70% of the women stated that their sexual partner had another sexual partner. The prevalence of precancerous lesions among women was 10.8%. Smoking(p=0.003), age at menarche (p≤ 0.001) and sexual behaviors (p=0.009, p=0.004) were factors that had a statistically significant relationship with the presence of a precancerous lesion among the IDW. The study also highlights the high rate (95%) of cervicitis among the women and the relatively high rate (5.4%) of leukoplakia. Conclusion the majority of IDW had sociodemographic and lifestyle characteristics that predisposed them to developing cervical cancer More targeted interventions aimed at improving the sociodemographic and lifestyle characteristics of IDW are recommended. In addition, there is a need to create awareness about cervical cancer among IDW and make screening available in camp facilities for early detection and management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atenchong Ngwibete
- Pan African University Life and Earth Sciences Institute (including Health and Agriculture)-PAULESI, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Olayinka Ogunbode
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | | | - Mangalu Mobhe Agbada
- Département des Sciences de la Population et du Développement, Faculté des Sciences Economiques et de Gestion, Université de Kinshasa, Kinshasa, République Démocratique du Congo
| | - Akinyinka Omigbodun
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
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200
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Xu Z, Qi L, Zhang H, Yu D, Shi Y, Yu Y, Zhu T. Smoking and BMI mediate the causal effect of education on lower back pain: observational and Mendelian randomization analyses. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2024; 15:1288170. [PMID: 38390198 PMCID: PMC10882710 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2024.1288170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective Low back pain (LBP) has been associated with education in previous observational studies, but the causality remains unclear. This study aims to assess the impact of education on LBP and to explore mediation by multiple lifestyle factors. Design Univariable Mendelian randomization (MR) was performed to examine the overall effect of education on LBP. Subsequently, multivariable MR was conducted to assess both the direct effect of education on LBP and the influence of potential mediators. Indirect effects were estimated using either the coefficient product method or the difference method, and the proportion of mediation was calculated by dividing the indirect effect by the total effect. The observational study utilized data from the NHANES database collected between 1999 and 2004, and included 15,580 participants aged 20 years and above. Results Increasing education by 4.2 years leads to a 48% reduction in the risk of LBP (OR=0.52; 95% CI: 0.46 to 0.59). Compared to individuals with less than a high school education, those with education beyond high school have a 28% lower risk of LBP (OR=0.72; 95% CI: 0.63 to 0.83). In the MR study, smoking accounts for 12.8% (95% CI: 1.04% to 20.8%) of the total effect, while BMI accounts for 5.9% (95% CI: 2.99% to 8.55%). The combined mediation effect of smoking and BMI is 27.6% (95% CI: 23.99% to 32.7%). In the NHANES study, only smoking exhibits a mediating effect, accounting for 34.3% (95% CI: 21.07% to 41.65%) of the effect, while BMI does not demonstrate a mediating role. Conclusions Higher levels of education provide a protective effect against the risk of LBP. Additionally, implementing interventions to reduce smoking and promote weight loss among individuals with lower levels of education can also decrease this risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhangmeng Xu
- Department of Health Preservation and Rehabilitation, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Luming Qi
- Department of Health Preservation and Rehabilitation, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Huiwu Zhang
- Department of Sports Medicine, Sichuan Province Orthopedic Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Duoduo Yu
- Department of Sports Medicine, Sichuan Province Orthopedic Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yushan Shi
- Department of Medical Laboratory, The Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Yaming Yu
- Department of Sports Medicine, Sichuan Province Orthopedic Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Tianmin Zhu
- Department of Health Preservation and Rehabilitation, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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