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Noorchashm H, Lieu YK, Rostami SY, Song HK, Greeley SA, Bazel S, Barker CF, Naji A. A direct method for the calculation of alloreactive CD4+ T cell precursor frequency. Transplantation 1999; 67:1281-4. [PMID: 10342323 DOI: 10.1097/00007890-199905150-00015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Direct measurement of the precursor frequency of alloreactive CD4+ T cells has been impossible due to the lack of a specific means of determining the absolute number of daughter cells generated with each division in a repertoire of stimulated T cells. METHODS Responder lymphocytes were fluorescently labeled and adoptively transferred into irradiated allogeneic stimulator mice or incubated in vitro with irradiated stimulator splenocytes. After a 65- to 70-hr stimulation period, responder cells were analyzed by flow cytometry. RESULTS The precursor frequency of dividing CD4+ T cells was determined both in vivo and in vitro. The observed number of alloreactive daughter cells generated with each round of division was used to calculate the frequency of alloantigen-specific CD4+ T cells. CONCLUSIONS A novel method for the direct calculation of the frequency of alloreactive CD4+ T cells is described. This technique allows the determination of changes in the frequency of alloreactive T cells that might underlie tolerance to alloantigens.
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Song HK, Noorchashm H, Lieu YK, Rostami S, Greeley SA, Barker CF, Naji A. Cutting edge: alloimmune responses against major and minor histocompatibility antigens: distinct division kinetics and requirement for CD28 costimulation. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 1999; 162:2467-71. [PMID: 10072484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
Comparative study of alloimmune responses against major and minor histocompatibility Ags has been limited by the lack of suitable assays. Here, we use a bioassay that permits tracking of alloreactive CD4+ T cell populations as they proliferate in response to major or minor histocompatibility Ags in vivo. Division of alloreactive CD4+ T cells proceeded more rapidly in response to major histocompatibility Ags than minor Ags, although CD4+ T cells alloreactive to minor Ags had a similar capacity to divide successively up to eight times after stimulation. Allorecognition of minor histocompatibility Ags was highly dependent on CD28 costimulation, with the frequency of CD4+ T cells proliferating in response to minor Ags in the absence of CD28 costimulation reduced up to 20-fold. These findings highlight differences in signaling processes that lead to allorecognition of major and minor histocompatibility Ags and have implications on the design of interventions aimed at abrogating these responses.
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78
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Uchikoshi F, Yang ZD, Rostami S, Yokoi Y, Capocci P, Barker CF, Naji A. Prevention of autoimmune recurrence and rejection by adenovirus-mediated CTLA4Ig gene transfer to the pancreatic graft in BB rat. Diabetes 1999; 48:652-7. [PMID: 10078573 DOI: 10.2337/diabetes.48.3.652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes is the result of a selective destruction of pancreatic islets by autoreactive T-cells. Therefore, in the context of islet or pancreas transplantation, newly transplanted beta-cells are threatened by both recurrent autoimmune and alloimmune responses in recipients with type 1 diabetes. In the present study, using spontaneously diabetic BB rats, we demonstrate that whereas isolated islets are susceptible to autoimmune recurrence and rejection, pancreaticoduodenal grafts are resistant to these biological processes. This resistance is mediated by lymphohematopoietic cells transplanted with the graft, since inactivation of these passenger cells by irradiation uniformly rendered the pancreaticoduodenal grafts susceptible to recurrent autoimmunity. We further studied the impact of local immunomodulation on autoimmune recurrence and rejection by ex vivo adenovirus-mediated CTLA4Ig gene transfer to pancreaticoduodenal grafts. Syngeneic DR-BB pancreaticoduodenal grafts transduced with AdmCTLA4Ig were rescued from recurrent autoimmunity. In fully histoincompatible LEW-->BB transplants, in which rejection and recurrence should be able to act synergistically, AdmCTLA4Ig transduced LEW-pancreaticoduodenal allografts enjoyed markedly prolonged survival in diabetic BB recipients. In situ reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction revealed that transferred CTLA4Ig gene was strongly expressed in both endocrine and exocrine tissues on day 3. These results indicate the potential utility of local CD28-B7 costimulatory blockade for prevention of alloimmune and autoimmune destruction of pancreatic grafts in type 1 diabetic hosts.
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79
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Noorchashm H, Lieu YK, Song HK, Rostami SY, Greeley SA, Noorchashm N, Barker CF, Naji A. B lymphocytes influence the shape of the mature preimmune CD4+ TCR repertoire. Transplant Proc 1999; 31:832-3. [PMID: 10083361 DOI: 10.1016/s0041-1345(98)01792-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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80
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Liu C, Deng S, Yang Z, Kucher T, Guo F, Gelman A, Chen H, Naji A, Shaked A, Brayman KL. Local production of CTLA4-Ig by adenoviral-mediated gene transfer to the pancreas induces permanent allograft survival and donor-specific tolerance. Transplant Proc 1999; 31:625-6. [PMID: 10083267 DOI: 10.1016/s0041-1345(98)01587-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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81
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Song HK, Noorchashm H, Lieu YK, Rostami S, Greeley SA, Barker CF, Naji A. Characterization of the alloimmune response to minor histocompatibility antigens by in vivo MLR. Transplant Proc 1999; 31:836-7. [PMID: 10083363 DOI: 10.1016/s0041-1345(98)01794-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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82
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Song HK, Noorchashm H, Lieu YK, Rostami S, Greeley SA, Barker CF, Naji A. In vivo MLR: a novel method for the study of alloimmune responses. Transplant Proc 1999; 31:834-5. [PMID: 10083362 DOI: 10.1016/s0041-1345(98)01793-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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83
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Niasari-Naslaji A, Sarhaddi F, Naji A, Angurani A, Damavandi Y. Ovarian follicular dynamics in bos taurus and Bos indicus heifers. Theriogenology 1999. [DOI: 10.1016/s0093-691x(99)91866-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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84
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Naji A, Cheng AHD, Ouazar D. Analytical stochastic solutions of saltwater/freshwater interface in coastal aquifers. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1998. [DOI: 10.1007/s004770050028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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85
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Judge TA, Desai NM, Yang Z, Rostami S, Alonso L, Zhang H, Chen Y, Markman JF, DeMateo RP, Barker CF, Naji A, Turka LA. Utility of adenoviral-mediated Fas ligand gene transfer to modulate islet allograft survival. Transplantation 1998; 66:426-34. [PMID: 9734483 DOI: 10.1097/00007890-199808270-00003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND One of the best-defined mechanisms for the induction of apoptosis involves signaling via the cell surface molecule Fas, after binding of Fas ligand. Expression of Fas ligand is tightly regulated, being expressed primarily by T cells after activation, where it serves as a self-regulatory mechanism for immune responses. Fas ligand has also been found to be expressed constitutively at sites of immune privilege such as the testes and the anterior chamber of the eye. Recently, co-transplantation of Fas ligand-transfected myoblasts in association with islet cell allografts was shown to prolong islet allograft survival but only rarely led to indefinite graft survival. Graft rejection was associated with loss of Fas ligand on the myoblasts, suggesting that direct expression of the transgene on the islets might be more effective. METHODS A replication-defective adenoviral construct containing murine Fas ligand (Ad/MFL) was prepared by homologous recombination. NIH 3T3 cells, rodent splenocytes, and murine islets were infected with Ad/MFL and examined in vitro for functional murine Fas ligand expression. Survival of Ad/MFL-infected islets was subsequently evaluated in vivo in both syngeneic and allogeneic islet transplantation models. RESULTS Cell lines and islet allografts transfected with Ad/MFL expressed a functional Fas ligand, capable of inducing apoptosis (confirmed by three distinct assays for DNA fragmentation) in Fas+ targets, but not in Fas- controls. Furthermore, Ad/MFL was able to modify allogeneic immune responses in vitro, as addition of this virus, but not a control adenovirus, significantly reduced proliferation in a mixed lymphocyte reaction. Surprisingly, however, transplantation of islet allografts transfected with Ad/MFL resulted in long-term allograft survival in only 1 of 30 recipients. Moreover, adenoviral-mediated Fas ligand gene transfer was complicated by transient, dose-dependent islet dysfunction, perhaps contributing to the lack of long-term engraftment. CONCLUSION These data suggest that adenoviral-mediated Fas ligand expression may impair normal islet function in vivo, and indicate that alternative strategies for Fas ligand transgene delivery may be required in this setting.
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86
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Shaw LM, Korecka M, Aradhye S, Grossman R, Barker C, Naji A, Brayman KL. Scientific principles for mycophenolic acid therapeutic drug monitoring. Transplant Proc 1998; 30:2234-6. [PMID: 9723454 DOI: 10.1016/s0041-1345(98)00603-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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87
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Dubois M, Naji A, Buisson JP, Billaud D. Utilisation de polyparaphénylènes dégradés thermiquement comme matériaux anodiques de générateurs électrochimiques secondaires à ions lithium. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1998. [DOI: 10.1051/jcp:1998319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
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88
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Cherukuri R, Haskal ZJ, Naji A, Shaked A. Percutaneous thrombolysis and stent placement for the treatment of portal vein thrombosis after liver transplantation: long-term follow-up. Transplantation 1998; 65:1124-6. [PMID: 9583875 DOI: 10.1097/00007890-199804270-00018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The durable use of percutaneous minimally invasive techniques for the treatment of portal venous thrombosis after liver transplant has not been widely described. This report illustrates two cases in which percutaneous thrombolysis, angioplasty, and endovascular stent placement were successfully used to treat portal vein thrombosis in patients with recent liver transplants. METHODS Liver dysfunction was initially manifested by the elevation of liver enzymes or the development of marked ascites and confirmed in both cases by sonography and angiography. The occluded portal vein was accessed by either a transjugular transhepatic puncture or direct transhepatic catheterization. Intraportal thrombolytic infusion, angioplasty, and stent placement were accomplished without complication. RESULTS At the most recent follow-up, portal vein patency had been maintained for 2.5 and 4.5 years. CONCLUSIONS These results demonstrate the technical feasibility and long-term patency of angioplasty and endovascular stent placement for the treatment of portal vein thrombosis in liver transplant recipients.
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Weber M, Deng S, Olthoff K, Naji A, Barker CF, Shaked A, Brayman KL. Organ transplantation in the twenty-first century. Urol Clin North Am 1998; 25:51-61. [PMID: 9529536 DOI: 10.1016/s0094-0143(05)70432-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Major advances in the understanding of the immunologic process responsible for organ or cellular transplant rejection, a dramatic improvement in available immunosuppressive drugs, development of more sophisticated surgical techniques, and important progress in posttransplant intensive care over the last 30 years have led to a remarkable improvement in success following organ transplantation. Whereas excellent short-term survival of most transplanted organs is readily achieved, graft loss because of chronic rejection and the worsening problem of organ donor shortage remain major concerns in the field of transplantation. Recent advances in immunosuppressive drugs, induction of immunologic tolerance, and gene therapy strategies may help to prolong organ allograft survival in the future. Revised criteria for organ donation and xenotransplantation may one day solve the problem of organ supply. Today, as we approach the next millennium, we are optimistic that the elusive goal of immunologic tolerance will be achieved and perhaps applied to animal tissue. Such will certainly be the challenge for the next century.
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90
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Shlansky-Goldberg R, Cope C, McGuckin J, Jacobs J, Sohn J, Holland T, Naji A, Brayman K. Percutaneous management of a bladder-drained pancreas transplant pseudocyst by a transcystic approach. Transplantation 1997; 64:1568-71. [PMID: 9415557 DOI: 10.1097/00007890-199712150-00010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We describe a 35-year-old male type 1 diabetic who underwent a cadaveric combined kidney-bladder-drained pancreas transplant with a duodenocystostomy for exocrine drainage who developed a large pelvic pseudocyst associated with a dilated pancreatic duct and an elevated serum amylase level. METHODS Due to the risk of surgical revision and the possibility of creating a cutaneous fistula with conventional percutaneous drainage, a pseudocyst-to-bladder drainage was performed. After the procedure, the catheter was capped to allow drainage of the pancreatic secretions into the bladder. RESULTS After drainage, the patient's serum amylase and lipase normalized along with resolution of the pseudocyst. The tube was removed after 19 weeks with no evidence of a recurrent pseudocyst and a normal serum amylase level. CONCLUSION The percutaneous pseudocyst-cystostomy obviated the need for surgical revision of the exocrine gland drainage and thus eliminated the morbidity and the potential risk of graft loss associated with such surgery.
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91
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Weber M, Deng S, Arenas J, Aradhye S, Grossman R, Shaw L, Naji A, Barker C, Brayman KL. Decreased rejection episodes in African-American renal transplant recipients receiving mycophenolate mofetil/tacrolimus therapy. Transplant Proc 1997; 29:3669-70. [PMID: 9414883 DOI: 10.1016/s0041-1345(97)01067-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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92
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Mange KC, Scheff A, Brayman K, Mozley D, Grossman RA, Naji A, Aradhye S. Focal acute tubular necrosis in a renal allograft. Transplantation 1997; 64:1490-2. [PMID: 9392320 DOI: 10.1097/00007890-199711270-00023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Nuclear imaging is used to evaluate renal allografts demonstrating delayed function after transplantation. Interpretation of the nuclear scan in the context of clinical data, provides helpful information in the management of the transplant recipient. The better quality of images obtained with technetium-99m mercaptoacetyltriglycine (Tc-99m MAG3) has made it the radiotracer of choice compared to technetium-99m diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid (Tc-99m DTPA) for imaging of the renal allograft. Tc-99m MAG3 is cleared from the kidney by tubular secretion, whereas Tc-99m DTPA is cleared by glomerular filtration. In this report, we discuss a unique abnormality found on nuclear imaging of a renal allograft. Utilizing our understanding of the characteristic handling of various radiotracers by the kidney, we were able to demonstrate that the renal scan was consistent with an area of focal acute tubular necrosis in the newly transplanted kidney.
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93
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Deng S, Ketchum RJ, Yang ZD, Kucher T, Weber M, Shaked A, Naji A, Brayman KL. IL-10 and TGF-beta gene transfer to rodent islets: effect on xenogeneic islet graft survival in naive and B-cell-deficient mice. Transplant Proc 1997; 29:2207-8. [PMID: 9193593 DOI: 10.1016/s0041-1345(97)00299-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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94
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Deng S, Ketchum RJ, Kucher T, Weber M, Naji A, Brayman KL. NK cells, macrophages, and humoral immune responses are dominant in primary nonfunction of islet grafts in the dog-to-rat xenotransplant model. Transplant Proc 1997; 29:2062-3. [PMID: 9193527 DOI: 10.1016/s0041-1345(97)00232-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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95
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Noorchashm H, Noorchashm N, Kern J, Rostami SY, Barker CF, Naji A. B-cells are required for the initiation of insulitis and sialitis in nonobese diabetic mice. Diabetes 1997; 46:941-6. [PMID: 9166663 DOI: 10.2337/diab.46.6.941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 163] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Nonobese diabetic (NOD) mice spontaneously develop an acute onset of hyperglycemia reminiscent of human type I diabetes. The disease is the end result of a mononuclear cell infiltration of pancreatic islets (insulitis), culminating in the selective destruction of islet beta-cells by autoreactive T-cells. NOD mice also exhibit defects in B-cell tolerance as manifested by the presence of autoantibodies against islet cell autoantigens. Based on the potential ability of B-cells to act as antigen presenting cells, we hypothesized that autoreactive B-cells of NOD mice may be necessary for the activation of islet reactive CD4+ T-cells. In the present study, we utilized an anti-mu antibody to induce in vivo depletion of B-cells and found that B-cell depletion completely abrogates the development of insulitis and sialitis in NOD mice. In contrast, control IgG-treated NOD mice developed insulitis and sialitis by 5 weeks of age. Additionally, the discontinuation of anti-mu chain antibody treatment led to the full restoration of the B-cell pool and the reappearance of insulitis and sialitis. Thus, we conclude that B-cells are a requisite cell population for the genesis of the inflammatory lesions of the islets of Langerhans. This finding suggests that autoreactive B-cells may act as the antigen presenting cells necessary for the initial activation of beta-cell-reactive CD4+ T-cells implicated in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diabetes.
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96
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Deng S, Yang ZD, Ketchum RJ, Kucher T, Weber M, Shaked A, Naji A, Brayman KL. Transfer of genes for IL-10 and TGF-beta to isolated human pancreatic islets. Transplant Proc 1997; 29:2206. [PMID: 9193592 DOI: 10.1016/s0041-1345(97)00298-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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97
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Deng S, Ketchum RJ, Kucher T, Weber M, Shaked A, Naji A, Brayman KL. IL-10 and TGF-beta gene transfer for xenogeneic islet transplantation: comparison of effect in concordant vs discordant combination. Transplant Proc 1997; 29:2204-5. [PMID: 9193591 DOI: 10.1016/s0041-1345(97)00297-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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98
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Deng S, Ketchum RJ, Kucher T, Weber M, Naji A, Brayman KL. Primary nonfunction of islet xenografts in rat recipients results from non-T-cell-mediated immune responses. Transplant Proc 1997; 29:1726-7. [PMID: 9142249 DOI: 10.1016/s0041-1345(97)00032-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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99
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Weber M, Ketchum RJ, Sellers M, Aradhye S, Deng S, Grossman R, Shaw L, Naji A, Barker C, Brayman KL. Single center analysis of mycophenolate mofetil and Neoral/prednisone therapy for prophylaxis of rejection in African-American and Caucasian transplant recipients. Transplant Proc 1997; 29:338-9. [PMID: 9123029 DOI: 10.1016/s0041-1345(96)00295-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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100
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Deng S, Ketchum RJ, Kucher T, Weber M, Shaked A, Naji A, Brayman KL. Adenoviral transfection of canine islet xenografts with immunosuppressive cytokine genes abrogates primary nonfunction and prolongs graft survival. Transplant Proc 1997; 29:770. [PMID: 9123519 DOI: 10.1016/s0041-1345(96)00477-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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