76
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Dunkle LM, Abramowsky C. An 11-month-old infant with fatal Pseudomonas aeruginosa septicemia. Pediatr Infect Dis J 1991; 10:772-7. [PMID: 1945580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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77
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Vertical HIV transmission in pregnancy. Lancet 1991; 338:829-30. [PMID: 1681205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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78
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Keohane C, Gray F. Central nervous system pathology in children with AIDS. A review. Ir J Med Sci 1991; 160:277-81. [PMID: 1663090 DOI: 10.1007/bf02948412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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79
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Prober CG, Gershon AA. Medical management of newborns and infants born to human immunodeficiency virus-seropositive mothers. Pediatr Infect Dis J 1991; 10:684-95. [PMID: 1923683 DOI: 10.1097/00006454-199109000-00012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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80
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Middleton DC, Feeney D. Home and community care for children with AIDS. CARING : NATIONAL ASSOCIATION FOR HOME CARE MAGAZINE 1991; 10:38-40. [PMID: 10113871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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81
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Canosa CA, Delgado A, García Martín F, Llorens J, Omeñaca F, Ruiz Contreras J. [Spanish Pediatric Association. Madrid. Human immunodeficiency virus infection. Spanish multicenter study]. ANALES ESPANOLES DE PEDIATRIA 1991; 34:425-35. [PMID: 1929009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The results of an epidemiological survey in Spain organized by the "Spanish Pediatric Association" of children born to HIV+ mothers from 1981-1989 are presented. The objectives were, a) to document in the different parts of Spain the number of HIV+ children born to HIV+ mothers, and b) to identify the risk factors involved in the HIV infection. Only in public hospitals, a total of 1938 HIV+ children born to HIV+ mothers were identified. A systematic yearly increase of HIV+ newborns was evident since 1985. Madrid, Catalonia, Valencia, Basq and Andalucia communities incorporated 85% of all cases. 93% of mothers were IVDU and 51% of them were married. Prematurity occurred in 27% of cases and low birth weight in 33% of NB's. The rate of transmission in children over 18 months of age was 25.6% Breast feeding could be a risk factor in the transmission of HIV infection observed in children over 18 months of age. No other maternal risk factors responsible for the HIV transmission were identified. 12% of children died with AIDS. Clinical classification and evolution of HIV infection did not significantly differ from similar studies in other parts of the world. In spite of only public hospitals being involved, Spain has more identified HIV+ children than Italy, Switzerland, Federal Republic of Germany, United Kingdom, Sweden and Belgium combined. The pediatric centres with large number of cases require interdisciplinary pediatric specialized units to cope with the increase demand of medical services, now inadequate and insufficient. To fight drug use and HIV infection in Spain, health education and family support, are indispensable in trying to arrest the continuous spread the HIV infection.
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82
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Kavanaugh-McHugh AL, Ruff A, Perlman E, Hutton N, Modlin J, Rowe S. Selenium deficiency and cardiomyopathy in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr 1991; 15:347-9. [PMID: 1865554 DOI: 10.1177/0148607191015003347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Selenium deficiency is common in patients with human immunodeficiency virus infection and may contribute to the development of cardiomyopathy. A 5-year-old boy with congenital human immunodeficiency virus infection developed cardiomyopathy. Evaluation for reversible causes of cardiomyopathy was notable for the diagnosis of selenium deficiency. Cardiac function improved on selenium supplementation. The role of selenium in cardiac dysfunction and the need for nutritional evaluation and supplementation of malnourished patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome is discussed.
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83
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Montoya F. [Zimbabwe's babies are dying of AIDS. Interview by Johan Wallqvist]. VARDFACKET 1991; 15:20-5. [PMID: 2058289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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84
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AIDS among women to double by 2000. Public Health Rep 1991; 106:216. [PMID: 1902315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
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85
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Casabona J, Sánchez E, Salas T. Monitoring vertically acquired AIDS cases. AIDS 1991; 5:340. [PMID: 2059377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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86
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Hutto C, Parks WP, Lai SH, Mastrucci MT, Mitchell C, Munoz J, Trapido E, Master IM, Scott GB. A hospital-based prospective study of perinatal infection with human immunodeficiency virus type 1. J Pediatr 1991; 118:347-53. [PMID: 1671878 DOI: 10.1016/s0022-3476(05)82145-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Most infants with pediatric acquired immunodeficiency syndrome and infections with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) are infected perinatally by their mothers. To determine the proportion of exposed infants who are infected, we conducted a hospital-based prospective study in HIV-1-infected women whose infants were delivered at a single metropolitan hospital in Miami, Fla. A population of uninfected women and their infants was also enrolled and followed longitudinally for 2 years to assess laboratory and clinical measurements. The median follow-up is now 18 months for 82 infants born to HIV-1-infected mothers. The proportion of infected infants in this group is 0.30 (25/82). None of the infants born to 110 HIV-1-seronegative mothers were seropositive. Infected infants were easily distinguished from noninfected infants by virus isolation. No single immunologic or hematologic measure was predictive of infection for all infants at risk for HIV-1 infection who were 6 months of age or younger. As a group, however, infected infants could be distinguished from uninfected index infants by a number of immunologic measures by 6 months of age; the absolute number of CD4+ lymphocytes and the CD4+/CD8+ lymphocyte ratio were the variables most predictive of infection. As in retrospective studies, clinical disease developed in 80% of infected infants within the first 24 months of life. This study provides documentation of HIV-1 perinatal transmission risk and early correlates of infection in young infants from a single hospital.
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87
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Brivio L, Tornaghi R, Musetti L, Marchisio P, Principi N. Improvement of auditory brainstem responses after treatment with zidovudine in a child with AIDS. Pediatr Neurol 1991; 7:53-5. [PMID: 2029295 DOI: 10.1016/0887-8994(91)90107-v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
A 6 1/2-month-old boy with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome was treated with zidovudine for 12 months. He experienced a marked improvement in clinical and neurologic status. Auditory brainstem responses were recorded before, at 6 months, and after 12 months of therapy; interpeak latency I-V, which was initially delayed, demonstrated progressive shortening that was greater than could be attributed to maturation alone. Auditory brainstem response improvement after zidovudine therapy has not been reported previously.
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88
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Goldstein J, Dickson DW, Rubenstein A, Woods W, Mincer F, Belman AL, Davis L. Primary central nervous system lymphoma in a pediatric patient with acquired immune deficiency syndrome. Treatment with radiation therapy. Cancer 1990; 66:2503-8. [PMID: 2249191 DOI: 10.1002/1097-0142(19901215)66:12<2503::aid-cncr2820661210>3.0.co;2-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Primary central nervous system (CNS) lymphoma, an otherwise rare pediatric tumor, has been reported with increasing frequency in children with acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). With current therapy, the outcome of this disease is invariably fatal. The authors present a case of primary CNS lymphoma in a 3.5-year-old girl with AIDS who received treatment with total brain irradiation. After treatment, the patient's mental status improved, the seizures resolved, and she had no further progression of her neurologic symptoms until she died of pneumonia 6 months later. The autopsy revealed a necrotic mass at the site of the original tumor. The brain stem and spinal cord, unirradiated, contained lymphomatous lesions. The patient had extensive fibrinoid necrosis and leukoencephalopathy that were consistent with radiation-induced CNS damage. Coexisting AIDS encephalopathy also contributed to the patient's CNS injury. Effective palliation of CNS lymphoma in children with AIDS may be obtained with cranial irradiation. Pediatric AIDS patients may show more severe tissue effects from irradiation than unaffected children.
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89
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Nielsen L. [Women and AIDS. It could have been you. Interview by Kirsten Bjørnsson]. SYGEPLEJERSKEN 1990; 90:9-10. [PMID: 2089693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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90
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Laverda AM, Cogo P, Condini A, Cattelan C, Giaquinto C, Cozzani S, Ruga E, Viero F, De Rossi A, Del Mistro A. How frequent and how early does the neurological involvement in HIV-positive children occur? Preliminary results of a prospective study. Childs Nerv Syst 1990; 6:406-8. [PMID: 1669251 DOI: 10.1007/bf00302228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
To study the natural history of the neurological involvement in pediatric human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, 77 children born to seropositive mothers have been followed up since birth. The median follow-up time has been 17.5 months. Fourteen children were classified as infected, 34 as not infected, and 21 as indeterminable. Only two children with full-blown acute immune deficiency syndrome had severe neurological manifestations. "Soft" neurological signs were found in six infected, and ten non-infected children (chi 2, P < 0.05). The mean development quotient and IQ scores in the infected and the non-infected children were 82.22, and 93.15, respectively (Mann-Whitney test, P > 0.05). These data suggest that neurological and developmental abnormalities do not occur early in the course of vertical HIV infection and that they are associated with severe immunodeficiency.
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91
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Stephens B. Caring for AIDS babies. PROFILES IN HEALTHCARE MARKETING 1990:50-1. [PMID: 10107609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
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92
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Lipshultz SE, Fox CH, Perez-Atayde AR, Sanders SP, Colan SD, McIntosh K, Winter HS. Identification of human immunodeficiency virus-1 RNA and DNA in the heart of a child with cardiovascular abnormalities and congenital acquired immune deficiency syndrome. Am J Cardiol 1990; 66:246-50. [PMID: 2371963 DOI: 10.1016/0002-9149(90)90603-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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93
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Lisec A. [Prevention of AIDS transmission]. LIJECNICKI VJESNIK 1990; 112:201-2. [PMID: 2233122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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94
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Byrn RA, Mordenti J, Lucas C, Smith D, Marsters SA, Johnson JS, Cossum P, Chamow SM, Wurm FM, Gregory T, Groopman JE, Capon DJ. Biological properties of a CD4 immunoadhesin. Nature 1990; 344:667-70. [PMID: 1970124 DOI: 10.1038/344667a0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Molecular fusions of CD4, the receptor for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), with immunoglobulin (termed CD4 immunoadhesins) possess both the gp120-binding and HIV-blocking properties of recombinant soluble CD4, and certain properties of IgG, notably long plasma half-life and Fc receptor binding. Here we show that a CD4 immunoadhesin can mediate antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) towards HIV-infected cells, although, unlike natural anti-gp120 antibodies, it does not allow ADCC towards uninfected CD4-expressing cells that have bound soluble gp120 to the CD4 on their surface. In addition, CD4 immunoadhesin, like natural IgG molecules, is efficiently transferred across the placenta of a primate. These observations have implications for the therapeutic application of CD4 immunoadhesins, particularly in the area of perinatal transmission of HIV infection.
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95
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Bottoni F, Gonnella P, Autelitano A, Orzalesi N. Diffuse necrotizing retinochoroiditis in a child with AIDS and toxoplasmic encephalitis. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 1990; 228:36-9. [PMID: 2311943 DOI: 10.1007/bf02764288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
We examined a child with a human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection who at 15 months of age developed acute encephalitis, followed 1 week later by a diffuse, uniocular retinochoroiditis. The clinical picture in the right eye was characterized by the occurrence of some intraretinal hemorrhages; punctate, yellow-white, outer retinal lesions temporal to the macula; and a quadrantal, white area of necrotic retina located superotemporally. - The vitreous was remarkably clear, and the left eye was normal. Fluorescein angiography revealed small spots of late hyperfluorescence, vasculitis in the posterior pole, and a persistently hypofluorescent quadrantal superotemporal area. Toxoplasma IgM antibodies that were absent 1 week after birth became detectable in the serum and the cerebrospinal fluid. Serological testing for cytomegalovirus was negative. Neurological signs improved on a specific therapy (pyrimethamine and sulfamethopirazine), but the patient died 2 months later of disseminated cytomegalovirus infection.
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96
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Abstract
We present our experience with 54 episodes of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in 50 young children with AIDS, all but one representing congenitally acquired infection. Findings at history and physical examination are not helpful in suggesting the diagnosis. The diagnosis is suggested by marked hypoxemia, diffuse disease on chest radiograph, and elevated serum LDH level. Because important aspects of the history may be withheld, a high index of suspicion may be necessary for the correct diagnosis. The mortality rate for ventilated patients was 50%.
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97
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Abstract
We report the first case of membranous lupus nephritis occurring in a child with congenital AIDS. Hypocomplementemia, elevated titers of anti-nuclear antibody and antibody to double-stranded DNA supported the diagnosis of associated systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). The pathogenetic implications of this coexistence of AIDS and SLE are discussed.
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98
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Anastos K, Marte C. Women--the missing persons in the AIDS epidemic. HEALTH PAC BULLETIN 1989; 19:6-13. [PMID: 10318367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
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99
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Younge R. Report from the frontlines: unsung heroines of the AIDS epidemic. HEALTH PAC BULLETIN 1989; 19:16-8. [PMID: 10296877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
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100
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Johnson JP, Nair P, Hines SE, Seiden SW, Alger L, Revie DR, O'Neil KM, Hebel R. Natural history and serologic diagnosis of infants born to human immunodeficiency virus-infected women. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF DISEASES OF CHILDREN (1960) 1989; 143:1147-53. [PMID: 2801655 DOI: 10.1001/archpedi.1989.02150220037017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Perinatal transmission of human immunodeficiency virus is thought to occur in 25% to 50% of the offspring of infected women. Standard diagnostic methods do not permit identification of the infected newborns. To assess diagnostic methods and document the natural history of perinatal human immunodeficiency virus infection, 20 children born to human immunodeficiency virus-infected women were followed prospectively for 18 months by measuring antibody titer, Western blot profiles, and antigenemia, and the results were compared with clinical outcome. Endogenous synthesis of anti-human immunodeficiency virus IgG was demonstrated in 6 of the 8 infected children. Four children synthesized IgM against human immunodeficiency virus. Five had demonstrable p24 antigenemia. No significant differences between infected and noninfected children were noted at birth except drug withdrawal, which occurred more frequently in noninfected infants. The incidence of adenopathy, hepatomegaly, and neurologic and immunologic abnormalities in the infected children were compared with noninfected children. The distinguishing illnesses were the opportunistic infections, lobar pneumonia, and failure to thrive. Seven of the 8 infected children had human immunodeficiency virus-mediated disease by 1 year of age (Centers for Disease Control [Atlanta, Ga] P2 classification), and four had acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (Centers for Disease Control P2D). These studies offer an approach to diagnosis of human immunodeficiency virus infection in infants and document the natural history and possible outcomes of infected children.
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