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Li J, Wang YJ, Zhang M, Xu ZQ, Gao CY, Fang CQ, Yan JC, Zhou HD. Vascular risk factors promote conversion from mild cognitive impairment to Alzheimer disease. Neurology 2011; 76:1485-91. [PMID: 21490316 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0b013e318217e7a4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 248] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Growing evidence suggests that vascular risk factors (VRF) contribute to cognitive decline. The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of VRF on the conversion from mild cognitive impairment (MCI) to Alzheimer disease (AD) dementia. METHODS A total of 837 subjects with MCI were enrolled at baseline and followed up annually for 5 years. The incidence of AD dementia was investigated. A mixed random effects regression model was used to analyze the association between VRF and the progression of MCI assessed with Mini-Mental State Examination and instrumental Activities of Daily Living. Cox proportional hazard models were used to identify the association between VRF and dementia conversion, and to examine whether treatment of VRF can prevent dementia conversion. RESULTS At the end of the follow-up, 298 subjects converted to AD dementia, while 352 remained MCI. Subjects with VRF had a faster progression in cognition and function relative to subjects without. VRF including hypertension, diabetes, cerebrovascular diseases, and hypercholesterolemia increased the risk of dementia conversion. Those subjects with MCI in whom all VRF were treated had a lower risk of dementia than those who had some VRF treated. Treatment of individual VRF including hypertension, diabetes, and hypercholesterolemia was associated with the reduced risk of AD conversion. CONCLUSION VRF increased the risk of incident AD dementia. Treatment of VRF was associated with a reduced risk of incident AD dementia. Although our findings are observational, they suggest active intervention for VRF might reduce progression in MCI to AD dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Li
- Department of Neurology and Center for Clinical Neuroscience, Daping Hospital, No. 10 Changjiang Branch Road, Daping, Chongqing, China
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202
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Abstract
Accurate classification of stroke has significant impact on patient care and conduction of stroke clinical trials. The current systems such as TOAST, SSS-TOAST, Korean TOAST, and A–S–C–O have limitations. With the advent of new imaging technology, there is a need to have a more accurate stroke subclassification system. Chinese ischemic stroke subclassification (CISS) system is a new two step system aims at the etiology and then underlying mechanism of a stroke. The first step classify stroke into five categories: large artery atherosclerosis (LAA), including atherosclerosis of aortic arch and intra-/extracranial large arteries, cardiogenic stroke, penetrating artery disease, other etiology, and undetermined etiology. The second step is to further classify the underlying mechanism of ischemic stroke from the intracranial and extracranial LAA into the parent artery (plaque or thrombosis) occluding penetrating artery, artery-to-artery embolism, hypoperfusion/impaired emboli clearance, and multiple mechanisms. Although clinical validation of CISS is being planned, CISS is an innovative system that offers much more detailed information on the pathophysiology of a stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Gao
- Department of Neurology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College Beijing, China
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203
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Liu Y, Zhou YL, Qian YY, Wang YJ, Ding F, Gu XS, Liu M. The noggin2 gene of Gekko japonicus (Gekkonidae) is down-regulated in the spinal cord after tail amputation. Genet Mol Res 2010; 9:1606-14. [PMID: 20730712 DOI: 10.4238/vol9-3gmr888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
The cDNA encoding noggin2 protein was obtained from the brain and spinal cord cDNA library of Gekko japonicus. The size of the noggin2 transcript and its expression in different tissues were analyzed by Northern blot analysis. In situ hybridization revealed positive hybridization signals in both gray and white matter of the spinal cord. Changes in noggin2 expression in the spinal cord after tail amputation were examined by real-time PCR. The noggin2 was expressed in the normal spinal cord and down-regulated three days after tail amputation, reaching the lowest level at two weeks, during the time course when we followed the expression levels. We concluded that the expression of noggin2 is affected by the process of spinal cord injury and regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, PR China
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204
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE Bioengineered skin (BS) has been shown to play an important role in the treatment of diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs). Whether BS in the therapy of DFU can improve the outcomes still remains uncertain. We performed a quantitative meta-analysis of available randomized controlled trials to determine the effectiveness and safety of BS in the treatment of patients with DFUs. DESIGN AND METHODS Comprehensive search strategies of various electronic databases were used for this study to evaluate the effectiveness and safety between BS and conventional treatment (CT) in patients with DFU, and only randomized controlled trials were adopted in our review. Search terms included 'bioengineered skin', 'tissue-engineering skin', 'human-tissue graft', 'human-skin device', 'living-skin equivalent' and 'diabetic foot', 'diabetic ulcer', 'diabetic wound'. Analysis outcomes included complete wound closure, complications, ulcer recurrence and adverse severe events (ASEs). RESULTS Seven randomized controlled trials on BS vs. CT were included, and 880 participants met inclusion criteria. Pooled analysis showed a significant effectiveness and safety advantages for BS treatment compared to CT for patients with DFUs. In analysis of complications, only statistically significant difference of infection was noted. And no included trials reported ASEs related to these treatments. CONCLUSIONS Based on the meta-analysis, patients with DFUs may benefit from the BS because of its high effectiveness and safety and reduced risk for infections in comparison to CT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y J Teng
- First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou city, Gansu province, 730000, China
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205
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Wang YJ, Holligan S, Salim H, Fan MZ, McBride BW, Swanson KC. Effect of dietary crude protein level on visceral organ mass, cellularity, and the protein expression of ATP synthase, Na+/K+-ATPase, proliferating cell nuclear antigen and ubiquitin in feedlot steers. Can J Anim Sci 2009. [DOI: 10.4141/cjas08131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Twenty-four steers [initial body weight (BW) = 510 ± 4.9 kg] predominately of Angus breeding were used to determine the effect of dietary crude protein (CP) level [8.5, 10.7, 12.3 or 14.5%, dry matter (DM) basis; high-moisture-corn-based diets] on visceral mass, cellularity, and protein expression of ATP synthase, Na+/K+-ATPase, proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and ubiquitin. Steers were on dietary treatment for 28 d. Kidney, liver, and reticulorumen weights (g) increased linearly (P < 0.05) with increased dietary CP. Lung weight (g; g kg-1 BW) linearly increased (P < 0.05) with increased CP. Ruminal and small intestinal DNA concentration, and the ratios of RNA:DNA and protein:DNA in small intestine were affected quadratically by increased dietary CP (P < 0.05). Hepatic ATP synthase expression was affected quadratically with an increase when dietary CP increased from 8.5 to 10.7%, and a decrease when dietary CP increased from 10.7 to 14.5% (P < 0.05). Renal ATP synthase expression decreased linearly (P < 0.05) and small intestine mucosal Na+/K+-ATPase expression increased linearly (P = 0.05) with increased CP. These results indicate that increasing dietary CP increases liver, kidney, lung, and rumen masses, and differentially influences expression of proteins influencing energy utilization and efficiency in liver, kidney, and small intestine.Key words: Dietary crude protein, visceral organ mass, cellular energy metabolism, steer
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206
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Wang YJ, Wood KM, Martin L, Holligan S, Kelly N, McBride BW, Fan MZ, Swanson KC. Effect of dietary corn silage inclusion on visceral organ mass, cellularity, and the protein expression of ATP synthase, Na+/K+-ATPase, proliferating cell nuclear antigen and ubiquitin in feedlot steers. Can J Anim Sci 2009. [DOI: 10.4141/cjas09022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Twenty-four steers (initial body weight = 535 ± 5.0 kg) predominately of Angus breeding were used to determine the effect of dietary corn silage inclusion [20, 40, 60, or 80% of dry matter (DM)] on visceral mass, cellularity, and the protein expression of ATP synthase, Na+/K+-ATPase, proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and ubiquitin. Steers were fed at similar energy levels (2.1 × NEm requirement). There were no significant treatment effects on specific visceral organ weights. Hepatic Na+/K+-ATPase expression linearly increased (P = 0.01) and ruminal Na+/K+-ATPase expression linearly decreased (P = 0.01) with increasing corn silage inclusion. Hepatic PCNA expression was quadratically affected (P = 0.05) with a decrease when corn silage inclusion increased from 20 to 60%, and an increase when corn silage inclusion increased from 60 to 80%. Renal ATP synthase (P = 0.02) and ubiquitin expression (P = 0.01) were quadratically affected in a similar pattern with an increase when corn silage inclusion increased from 20 to 60%, and a decrease when corn silage inclusion increased from 60 to 80%. These results indicate that different dietary corn silage inclusions, at similar dietary energy intake, may alter rumen, liver, and kidney energy expenditure, at least in part, through changes in specific metabolism rather than mass. Key words: Corn silage inclusion, visceral organ mass, cellular energy metabolism, steer
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207
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Musfeldt JL, Vergara LI, Brinzari TV, Lee C, Tung LC, Kang J, Wang YJ, Schlueter JA, Manson JL, Whangbo MH. Magnetoelastic coupling through the antiferromagnet-to-ferromagnet transition of quasi-two-dimensional [Cu(HF2)(pyz)2]BF4 using infrared spectroscopy. Phys Rev Lett 2009; 103:157401. [PMID: 19905665 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.103.157401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2009] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
We investigated magnetoelastic coupling through the field-driven transition to the fully polarized magnetic state in quasi-two-dimensional [Cu(HF2)(pyz)2]BF4 by magnetoinfrared spectroscopy. This transition modifies out-of-plane ring distortion and bending vibrational modes of the pyrazine ligand. The extent of these distortions increases with the field, systematically tracking the low-temperature magnetization. These distortions weaken the antiferromagnetic spin exchange, a finding that provides important insight into magnetic transitions in other copper halides.
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Affiliation(s)
- J L Musfeldt
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, USA
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208
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Zhang L, Wang YJ, Hu MH, Fan QX, Chenung SG, Shin PKS, Li H, Cao L. Effects of the timing of initial feeding on growth and survival of spotted mandarin fish Siniperca scherzeri larvae. J Fish Biol 2009; 75:1158-1172. [PMID: 20738606 DOI: 10.1111/j.1095-8649.2009.02328.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
The effects of delayed first feeding on growth and survival of spotted mandarin fish Siniperca scherzeri larvae were examined under controlled conditions. Morphometric characters [yolk-sac volume, oil globule volume, head depth (H(D)), body depth (B(D)), eye diameter (E(D)), musculature height (M(H)), mouth diameter (M(D)) and total length (L(T))], body mass (M), specific growth rate (S(GR)) and survival were evaluated under different first-feeding time (2, 3, 4 and 5 days after hatching). Larvae began to feed exogenously at 2 days after hatching (DAH) and the point of no return (P(NR)) occurred between 5 and 6 DAH at 23 degrees C, range +/-1.0 degrees C. The yolk volume of larvae first-fed at 2 days had a significant difference compared with that of larvae first-fed at 3, 4 and 5 days on 3 and 4 DAH. The larvae first-fed at 2 days achieved comparatively better growth performance than that of 3, 4 and 5 days. On 5 DAH, all morphometric characters had significant differences between 2 and 5 days and 2 and 4 days initial feeding, respectively. Total mortality was recorded on 9 DAH for the larvae first-fed at 5 days. On 12 DAH, significant differences were observed between 2 and 4 days and 3 and 4 days initial feeding for all morphometric characters. From 16 DAH to the end of experiment, all growth variables of the larvae first-fed at 2 days were significantly higher than those in other treatments. The S(GR) (2-9 DAH) first-fed at 2 and 3 days were significantly higher than 4 and 5 day treatments, and the S(GR) (9-16 DAH) first-fed at 2 days was significantly higher than 3 and 4 day treatments. There was no significant difference, however, of S(GR) (16-28 DAH) among treatments. Survival rate was significantly higher at 2 days initial feeding (27.42%) when compared with 3 (15.96%) and 4 days (7.92%) initial feeding at the end of experiment. The present study suggests that the first feeding of S. scherzeri larvae should be initiated at 2 days after hatching for achieving good growth and survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Zhang
- College of Fishery, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
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209
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Liu SH, Cheng ZG, Wang YJ, Wang NR, Bai NY, Guo QL. [Correlation between the Narcotrend index, the cerebral state index and the predicted effect site concentration during different state of consciousness in elderly patients with target controlled infusion of propofol]. Zhonghua Yi Xue Za Zhi 2009; 89:2315-2318. [PMID: 20095351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To study the correlation between the Narcotrend index, cerebral state index and predicted effect site concentration during different state of consciousness in the absence of surgery in elderly patients with target controlled infusion of propofol. METHODS Twenty patients aged from 65-75 years categorized as ASA class I - II who were scheduled to undergo general surgery under general anesthesia with target controlled infusion of propofol were recruited. During the target controlled infusion of propofol, the propofol infusion was set at an initial effect site concentration of 0.5 mg/L and increased by 0.5 mg /L every 5 min until the modified observer's assessment of alertness / sedation scale (OAA/S) values of zero. The predicted effect site concentration of propofol, the values of CSI and NCT were recorded and the sedation level was examined by the modified OAA/S every 20 s. The predicted effect site concentrations of propofol in target controlled infusion (TCI) system were recorded when they increased by more than 0.1 mg/L. The predicted effect site concentrations of propofol and the values of NCT and CSI at LVC and LOC of the patients were recorded. RESULTS There was a good linear correlation between NCT and the predicted effect site concentration of propofol (R2 = 0. 867, P < 0.01), as well as that between CSI and the predicted effect site concentration of propofol (R2 = 0.893, P < 0.01). The predicted effect site concentrations of propofol at LVC was (1.56 +/- 0.13) mg/L while the values of NCT was 74.00 +/- 4.69 and CSI 69.82 +/- 5.47. The predicted effect site concentrations of propofol at LOC was (2.15 +/- 0.27) mg/L while the values of NCT and CSI were 63.30 +/- 7.50 and 58.78 +/- 6.90 respectively. All of the values of NCT, CSI and the predicted effect site concentrations had a good linear correlation with OAA/S. There was a negative correlation between OAA/S and the predicted effect site concentration. At the same time, there was a positive correlation between OAA/S and NCT as well as that between OAA/S and CSI. And the correlation coefficients were - 0.968, 0.938, 0.940 respectively (P < 0.01). The values of NCT were higher significantly than that of CSI in different degree of LOC (P < 0.01). CONCLUSION During elder people's target controlled infusion of propofol, LVC and LOC occur within a definite range of predicted effect site concentrations. There is a good linear correlation between NCT, CSI and the predicted effect site concentrations of propofol. For the elders, both NCT and CSI reflect the sedation level of propofol. Although there is a significant correlation between NCT and CSI, a deviation does exist in a certain range. Therefore a simple 1:1 transfer from NCT to CSI is inadequate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song-Hua Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology & Critical Care Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
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210
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Miranda SG, Wang YJ, Purdie NG, Osborne VR, Coomber BL, Cant JP. Selenomethionine stimulates expression of glutathione peroxidase 1 and 3 and growth of bovine mammary epithelial cells in primary culture. J Dairy Sci 2009; 92:2670-83. [PMID: 19448000 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2008-1901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
This study examined the localization of cellular glutathione peroxidase (GPx1) and extracellular glutathione peroxidase (GPx3) in lactating mammary tissue and in primary cultures of bovine mammary epithelial cells (BMEC). The effect of selenium as selenomethionine (SeMet) on the growth and viability of BMEC and GPx protein expression and activity were also studied. Single mammary epithelial cells were recovered by serial collagenase/hyaluronidase digestion from lactating bovine mammary tissue and cultured in a low-serum collagen gel system enriched with lactogenic hormones and 0, 10, 20, or 50 nM SeMet. Positive immunostaining with anti-cytokeratin and bovine anti-casein confirmed the epithelial nature and differentiated state of BMEC. Addition of SeMet to media facilitated rapid confluence of BMEC and formation of dome structures. Immunohistochemical and immunocytochemical staining revealed that both GPx1 and GPx3 are synthesized by BMEC and localized in the cytoplasm and nucleus. Up to 50 nM SeMet linearly increased BMEC number and viability over 5 d of culture. Bovine mammary epithelial cells cultured in SeMet-supplemented medium also exhibited markedly elevated GPx activity and linear increases in abundance of GPx1 and GPx3 proteins. It is apparent that SeMet degradation to release Se for synthesis of selenoproteins is carried out by BMEC. Results indicate that bovine mammary epithelial cells express GPx1 and GPx3 in vivo and in vitro; SeMet enhances expression of these selenoproteins in vitro and the growth and viability of BMEC.
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Affiliation(s)
- S G Miranda
- Department of Animal Science, University of Zulia, Maracaibo, Venezuela 4005
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211
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Wang YJ, Ko M, Holligan S, McBride BW, Fan MZ, Swanson KC. Effect of dry matter intake on visceral organ mass, cellularity, and the protein expression of ATP synthase, Na+/K+-ATPase, proliferating cell nuclear antigen and ubiquitin in feedlot steers. Can J Anim Sci 2009. [DOI: 10.4141/cjas08078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Twenty-four steers [467 ± 7.2 kg initial body weight (BW)] predominately of Angus breeding were used to determine the effect of dry matter intake (1.25, 1.50, 1.75, and 2.00% of BW) on visceral mass, cellularity, and the protein expression of ATP synthase, Na+/K+-ATPase, proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and ubiquitin. There were linear increases (P ≤ 0.05) in weights of total viscera, total digestive tract, liver, kidney, heart, lung, spleen, rumen, and abomasum with increasing dry matter intake (DMI). Protein concentration decreased linearly (P < 0.05) in small intestinal mucosa as DMI increased. PCNA expression increased linearly (P < 0.01) in liver as DMI increased. PCNA expression was affected quadratically (P < 0.05) in pancreas and small intestinal mucosa with an increase when DMI increased from 1.25 to 1.75% of BW, and a decrease when DMI increased from 1.75 to 2% of BW. ATP synthase, Na+/K+-ATPase, and ubiquitin expression in pancreas and ubiquitin expression in small intestinal mucosa increased linearly (P < 0.05) as DMI increased. These results indicate that increasing DMI increases the mass of visceral organs and carcass and influences expression of proteins influencing energy utilization and efficiency in pancreas, small intestine, liver, and sternomandibularis muscle.Key words: Dry matter intake, visceral organ mass, cellular energy metabolism, steer
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212
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Yang LP, Wang YJ, Xu WH, Qin MP, Xiang T. A quantum transfer matrix method for one-dimensional disordered electronic systems. J Phys Condens Matter 2009; 21:145407. [PMID: 21825338 DOI: 10.1088/0953-8984/21/14/145407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
We develop a novel quantum transfer matrix method to study thermodynamic properties of one-dimensional (1D) disordered electronic systems. It is shown that the partition function can be expressed as a product of 2 × 2 local transfer matrices. We demonstrate this method by applying it to the 1D disordered Anderson model. Thermodynamic quantities of this model are calculated and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- L P Yang
- Institute of Theoretical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, PO Box 2735, Beijing 100080, People's Republic of China
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213
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Wu G, Paz MD, Chiussi S, Serra J, González P, Wang YJ, Leon B. Excimer laser chemical ammonia patterning on PET film. J Mater Sci Mater Med 2009; 20:597-606. [PMID: 18853239 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-008-3600-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2007] [Accepted: 09/23/2008] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Laser is a promising technique used for biopolymer surface modification with micro and/or nano features. In this work, a 193 nm excimer laser was used for poly (ethylene terephthalate) (PET) surfaces chemical patterning. The ablation threshold of the PET film used in the experiments was 62 mJ/cm(2) measured before surface modification. Surface chemical patterning was performed by irradiating PET film in a vacuum chamber filled with ammonia at the flux of 10, 15, 20, 25 ml/min. Roughness of the surface characterized by profilometry showed that there were no significant observed change after modification comparing original film. But the hydrophilicity of the surface increased after patterning and a minimum water contact angle was obtained at the gas flux of 20 ml/min. FT-IR/ATR results showed the distinct amino absorption bands presented at 3352 cm(-1)and 1613 cm(-1) after modification and XPS binding energies of C(1s) at 285.5 eV and N(1s) at 399.0 eV verified the existence of C-N bond formation on the PET film surface. Tof-SIMS ions mapping used to identify the amine containing fragments corroborates that amino grafting mainly happened inside the laser irradiation area of the PET surface. A hypothesized radical reaction mechanism proposes that the collision between radicals in ammonia and on the PET surface caused by the incident laser provokes the grafting of amino groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Wu
- Department of Applied Physics, University of Vigo, Rua Maxwell, Vigo, Spain.
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214
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Chen XL, Xia ZF, Fang LS, Wang YJ, Wang CH. Co-graft of acellular dermal matrix and autogenous microskin in a child with extensive burns. Ann Burns Fire Disasters 2008; 21:102-106. [PMID: 21991120 PMCID: PMC3188161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2007] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
A 6-yr-old boy was the victim of a burns accident in a public bathhouse. The burns involved the face, neck, upper and lower extremities, anterior and posterior trunk, and both buttocks, covering 72% of the total body surface area (TBSA). The lesions in the lower extremities and parts of the right upper extremity were deep partial-thickness, comprising 40% TBSA. On day 5 post-burn, the lesions in both lower extremities were excised to the extent of the fascia under general anaesthesia. Meshed J1 Jayya Acellular Dermis®, a kind of acellular allodermal (ADM) matrix, was then placed on the left knee joint. The right knee joint served as control. The wounds in both lower extremities were then overlaid with microskin autografting. At 19 days post-application, the lesions in both lower extremities had almost completely resurfaced. Follow-up at six months revealed well-healed and stable skin of acellular ADM and microskin autografts on the left knee. However, the skin of the right knee was unstable and there was a chronic residual ulcer. Both legs showed some significant hypertrophic scars. The left knee joint (acellular ADM grafted site) showed mild contractures, while the right knee joint developed a significant contracture. The "skin" of the co-graft covered site appeared thicker and more elastic. The movement range of the left knee joint was much larger than that of the right knee joint. These results suggest that co-graft of acellular dermal matrix and autogenous microskin may be an effective way to repair this functional site in children with extensive burns and to improve the functional and cosmetic results.
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Affiliation(s)
- X L Chen
- Department of Burns, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, People's Republic of China
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215
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Cao J, Vergara LI, Musfeldt JL, Litvinchuk AP, Wang YJ, Park S, Cheong SW. Spin-lattice interactions mediated by magnetic field. Phys Rev Lett 2008; 100:177205. [PMID: 18518332 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.100.177205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2008] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Application of a magnetic field offers an incisive opportunity to tune competing interactions in complex materials. Here we probe field-induced changes in the local structure of DyMn2O5 by using magnetoinfrared spectroscopy. The high tunability of the dielectric constant and ferroelectric polarization with field is well documented in the literature, but the lattice response on the microscopic level remains unknown. In this work, we reveal the dynamic nature of the local structural response to field and analyze it in terms of calculated mode displacements and local lattice distortions.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Cao
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, USA
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216
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Swanson KC, Kelly N, Salim H, Wang YJ, Holligan S, Fan MZ, McBride BW. Pancreatic mass, cellularity, and alpha-amylase and trypsin activity in feedlot steers fed diets differing in crude protein concentration. J Anim Sci 2008; 86:909-15. [PMID: 18192547 DOI: 10.2527/jas.2007-0514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Twenty-four yearling beef steers (initial BW = 510 +/- 4.9 kg) predominantly of Angus breeding were used in a randomized complete block design to determine the effect of dietary CP concentration on pancreatic cellularity, mass, and alpha-amylase and trypsin activities. Treatment diets were formulated to contain 8.8, 11.0, 13.2, and 15.4% CP. Soybean meal and Top Soy (ruminal bypass soybean meal) were used as supplemental protein sources to ensure that MP intake was increased with increasing dietary CP concentrations. Steers were penned in groups of 4 (1 steer per treatment) and individually fed at 2.5x the NE(m) requirement by using Calan gates for 28 d before tissue collection. Four steers (1 pen) were slaughtered per week. Pancreases were weighed, subsampled, frozen in liquid N(2), and stored at -80 degrees C until analyses for DNA, RNA, and protein concentrations, and alpha-amylase and trypsin activities. Pancreatic weight (g and g/kg of BW) did not differ among treatment groups. Pancreatic DNA concentration (mg/g) decreased linearly (P = 0.06) with increasing CP concentration. Pancreatic protein (g/pancreas) increased linearly (P = 0.08) with increasing dietary CP concentration. Pancreatic alpha-amylase activity (U/g, U/mg of DNA, U/g of protein, U/pancreas, and U/kg of BW) increased linearly (P < or = 0.04) with increasing dietary CP concentration. Pancreatic trypsin activity (U/g, U/g of DNA, U/g of protein, U/pancreas, and U/kg of BW) increased linearly (P < or = 0.09) with increasing dietary CP concentration. Pancreatic alpha-amylase and trypsin activities (U/mg of RNA) responded quadratically (P < or = 0.09), with the greatest alpha-amylase activity observed in the 13.2% CP treatment. These data indicate that increasing dietary CP concentration decreases pancreatic cell numbers and also increases the concentration and content of pancreatic alpha-amylase and trypsin activities. Changes in cell number and size may be important factors regulating digestive enzyme production in the pancreas of cattle.
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Affiliation(s)
- K C Swanson
- Department of Animal and Poultry Science, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada N1G 2W1.
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217
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Ren NQ, Chua H, Chan SY, Tsang YF, Wang YJ, Sin N. Assessing optimal fermentation type for bio-hydrogen production in continuous-flow acidogenic reactors. Bioresour Technol 2007; 98:1774-80. [PMID: 16935495 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2006.07.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2006] [Revised: 07/03/2006] [Accepted: 07/03/2006] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the optimal fermentation type and the operating conditions of anaerobic process in continuous-flow acidogenic reactors was investigated for the maximization of bio-hydrogen production using mixed cultures. Butyric acid type fermentation occurred at pH>6, propionic acid type fermentation occurred at pH about 5.5 with E(h) (redox potential) >-278mV, and ethanol-type fermentation occurred at pH<4.5. The representative strains of these fermentations were Clostridium sp., Propionibacterium sp. and Bacteriodes sp., respectively. Ethanol fermentation was optimal type by comparing the operating stabilities and hydrogen production capacities between the fermentation types, which remained stable when the organic loading rate (OLR) reached the highest OLR at 86.1kgCOD/m(3)d. The maximum hydrogen production reached up to 14.99L/d.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Q Ren
- School of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
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218
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Wang YJ, Hua FL, Tsang YF, Chan SY, Sin SN, Chua H, Yu PHF, Ren NQ. Synthesis of PHAs from waster under various C:N ratios. Bioresour Technol 2007; 98:1690-3. [PMID: 16844370 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2006.05.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2006] [Revised: 05/26/2006] [Accepted: 05/26/2006] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) production was carried out under various C:N ratios. A ratio of 100 resulted best polymer yield. C-source was an important factor in synthesis. For example, as the ratio of valeric acid (C5) to butyric acid (C4) in N-free medium was increased, the mole fraction of HV in the copolymer increased. When soy waste was used as a C-source a copolymer, a high HV mole fraction (HB:HV, 75:25) was produced while when malt waste was used, a much lower HV mole fraction (HB:HV, 90:10) was generated. It was concluded that activated sludge bacteria could be induced to produce PHAs using food wastes as C-sources and this could be the basis for production of biodegradable plastics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y J Wang
- Department of Civil and Structural Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, PR China
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219
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Wang YJ, Xu SJ, Zhao DG, Zhu JJ, Yang H, Shan XD, Yu DP. Non-exponential photoluminescence decay dynamics of localized carriers in disordered InGaN/GaN quantum wells: the role of localization length. Opt Express 2006; 14:13151-13157. [PMID: 19532212 DOI: 10.1364/oe.14.013151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
In this article, we report a combined experimental and theoretical study on the luminescence dynamics of localized carriers in disordered InGaN/GaN quantum wells. The luminescence intensity of localized carriers is found to exhibit an unusual non-exponential decay. Adopting a new model taking the radiative recombination and phonon-assisted hopping transition between different localized states into account, which was recently developed by Rubel et al., the non-exponential decay behavior of the carriers can be quantitatively interpreted. Combining with precise structure characterization, the theoretical simulations show that the localization length of localized carriers is a key parameter governing their luminescence decay dynamics.
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220
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Ning CY, Wang YJ, Lu WW, Qiu QX, Lam RWM, Chen XF, Chiu KY, Ye JD, Wu G, Wu ZH, Chow SP. Nano-structural bioactive gradient coating fabricated by computer controlled plasma-spraying technology. J Mater Sci Mater Med 2006; 17:875-84. [PMID: 16977384 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-006-0176-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2005] [Accepted: 08/23/2005] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
The poor mechanical property of hydroxyapatite was the major problem for load bearing and implant coating in clinical applications. To overcome this weakness, a bioactive gradient coating with a special design composition of hydroxyapatite (HA), ZrO2, Ti, bioglass was developed. This 120 microm coating with an upper layer of 30-50 microm porous HA produced by computer controlled plasma spraying which maintained energy level of the plasma which ensure proper melting of powder. The crystal size of the coating was 18.6-26.2 nm. Transformation of t-ZrO2 to m-ZrO2 reduced the thermal stress that weakened the coating and lowered down interfacial strength of the coating and metal substrate. Thermal stress of sprayed coating was 16.4 MPa which was much smaller than the sample without thermal treatment of 67.1 MPa. Interfacial strength between the coating and metal substrate was 53 MPa which is much higher than conventional Hydroxyapatite coating. Based on XRD analysis crystallinity of HA approached 98%. Therefore, high temperature treatment improved long term stability of the coating through improved crystallinity of hydroxyapatite and reduced other impure calcium phosphate phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Y Ning
- Department of Orthopaedics & Traumatology, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
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221
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Xu JH, Li SW, Tan J, Wang YJ, Luo GS. Controllable preparation of monodisperse O/W and W/O emulsions in the same microfluidic device. Langmuir 2006; 22:7943-6. [PMID: 16952223 DOI: 10.1021/la0605743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
This letter presents a simple way to prepare monodisperse O/W and W/O emulsions in the same T-junction microfluidic device just by changing the wetting properties of the microchannel wall with different surfactants. Highly uniform droplets ranging from 50 to 400 mum with a polydispersity index (sigma) value of less than 2% were successfully prepared. With the change in surfactants and surfactant concentrations, the interfacial tension and the wetting properties varied, and disordered or ordered two-phase flow patterns could be controllable. Monodisperse O/W and W/O emulsions were prepared under the action of a cross-flowing shear force or a perpendicular shear force by using an oil solution with 0.1-2.0 wt % Span 80 and an aqueous solution with 0.1-2.0 wt % Tween 20 as a continuous-phase flow, respectively. It gives a controllable method of preparing O/W and W/O emulsions in the same microfluidic device.
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Affiliation(s)
- J H Xu
- The State Key Lab of Chemical Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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222
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Wang YJ, Zheng YG, Zheng RC, Shen YC. Stability study on the nitrile hydratase of Nocardia sp. 108: from resting cell to crude enzyme preparation. Prikl Biokhim Mikrobiol 2006; 42:434-7. [PMID: 17022452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, nitrile hydratases (NHases) have drawn increasing attentions due to their critical roles in organic synthesis. In present paper, extensive investigation on the stability and activity of the NHase from Nocardia sp. 108, which is succeed in the industrial application in China, were conducted by the bioconversion of acrylonitrile to acrylamide in a batch manner. Cultivation study demonstrated that biosynthesis of NHase changed significantly with culture time, and the optimal NHase biosynthesis phase was 45 h after inoculation with NHase activity of 1209.8 U/g of biomass. Stability study indicated that crude enzyme preparation both exhibit a good stability when exposed to the pH 7.2 tris-HCl buffer at 4 degrees C for 4 h.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y J Wang
- Institute of Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, PR China
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223
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Yang LM, Wang YJ, Sun YW, Luo GS, Dai YY. Synthesis of micrometer-sized hard silica spheres with uniform mesopore size and textural pores. J Colloid Interface Sci 2006; 299:823-30. [PMID: 16616179 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2006.02.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2006] [Revised: 02/18/2006] [Accepted: 02/21/2006] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Micrometer-sized silica spheres were prepared using a new pH-induced rapid colloid aggregation method in water-in-oil (W/O) emulsion separately with F127 and the mixture of Pluronic triblock copolymer (F127, P123, or P105) and PEG20000 as templates. All the mesoporous silica spheres exhibited high surface areas (657-1145 m2/g) and large pore volumes (0.46-2.16 ml/g). Through optimizing the synthetic conditions, hard silica spheres with narrow particle size distribution, uniform pore size, and textural pores were obtained. Finally, the mechanism of this synthetic route is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- L M Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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224
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Abstract
We study the temporal growth pattern of surface fluctuations on a series of spinodally unstable polymer films where the instability can be adjusted with the film thickness, h0. For the most unstable film studied (whose /(h0 - h(sp))/h(sp)/ = 0.988; h(sp) is the thickness where the second derivative of the interfacial potential of the film equals zero), the growth rate function of the surface modes as a function of the wavevector fits well to the mean-field theory. When the film thickness is increased such that /(h0 - h(sp))/h(sp)/ < or = 0.977, the mean-field theory demonstrates marked disagreement with experiment, notwithstanding the provision of the known corrections from nonlinear effects and thermal noise. We show that the deviations arise from large-amplitude fluctuations induced by homogeneous nucleation, which are not considered in the conventional treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y J Wang
- Department of Physics and Institute of Nanoscience and Technology, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong
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225
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Dordevic SV, Beach KSD, Takeda N, Wang YJ, Maple MB, Basov DN. Heavy fermion fluid in high magnetic fields: an infrared study of CeRu4Sb12. Phys Rev Lett 2006; 96:017403. [PMID: 16486514 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.96.017403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2004] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
We report a comprehensive infrared magnetospectroscopy study of a CeRu4Sb12 compound revealing quasiparticles with a heavy effective mass m*, with a detailed analysis of optical constants in fields up to 17 T. We find that the applied magnetic field strongly affects the low-energy excitations in the system. In particular, the magnitude of m* approximately = 70 m(b) (m(b) is the quasiparticle band mass) at 10 K is suppressed by as much as 25% at 17 T. This effect is in quantitative agreement with the mean-field solution of the periodic Anderson model augmented with a Zeeman term.
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Affiliation(s)
- S V Dordevic
- Department of Physics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA.
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226
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Abstract
AIMS The objective of this work was to purify the tyrosinase from Bacillusthuringiensis subsp. kurstaki (Bt) (CCTCC AB 90010) and study its enzymatic properties. METHODS AND RESULTS A 'one-step' purification method was used in this work, which was an easy, high-yield purification method. Tyrosinase activity of this purity was measured under different conditions to study its kinetic characterizations. The optimum pH and thermal stability of this enzyme were also determined. The results revealed that the tyrosinase from Bt has distinct properties compared with those from other sources. CONCLUSIONS A heat-inducible tyrosinase of a wild strain of Bt was identified and partially characterized. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY The distinct properties of Bt tyrosinase are important to the application of Bt as a biology pesticide.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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227
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Sawant MS, Zhang SC, Wang QY, Wang YJ. Production of interspecies chimeras by transplanting rosy barb (Puntius conchonius) embryonic cells to zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryos. Indian J Exp Biol 2004; 42:830-6. [PMID: 15573536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/01/2023]
Abstract
Establishment of a cell-mediated gene transfer system has potential as a new breeding technique for commercially valuable fishes. As an important step toward developing an inter-species chimera, cells from blastula-stage embryos of rosy barb (Puntius conchonius) were transplanted into zebrafish (Danio rerio) blastula-stage embryos to observe the development of the recipient. From the total of 473 transplants obtained only a fraction of 13 chimeras appeared perfectly normal after one month. Over two in normal 13 chimeras showed some characters from the donor cells with scarce pigmentation. This is the first successful inter-species study on zebrafish by using blastula cell transplants from rosy barb both belonging to the same family cyprinidae.
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Affiliation(s)
- M S Sawant
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266 003 PR China.
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228
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Guo W, Luo GS, Wang YJ. A new emulsion method to synthesize well-defined mesoporous particles. J Colloid Interface Sci 2004; 271:400-6. [PMID: 14972618 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2003.08.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2003] [Accepted: 08/16/2003] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
A new emulsion method for preparing ordered mesoporous materials with polymer PEG as the swelling agent has been explored in the present work. The synthesis conditions including the chain length and the PEG concentration, the duration of aging, the kind of emulsion, and the time when the swelling agents were added to the reaction system are discussed. The results show that with the advantage of the emulsion method, the nucleation and growth were controlled very well. The nicely spherical particles produced by the emulsion method were more uniform and less prone to agglomerate than those produced through the hydrothermal method. When different MW PEG were added as swelling agents, the pore size changed little: it was centered around 4 nm and had a narrow distribution. When different concentrations of PEG were applied, BET surface area, pore size, and pore volume changed. To summarize, in the formation of mesoporous materials, polymers such as PEG can not only control the pore size from 3 to 70 nm through variation of concentration, but also regulate the structures and improve the morphology of particles by the chain length of polymers. By adjusting the time of addition of the swelling agents, a poroshell mesoporous material was prepared. This method is particularly important for those applications that strictly require particle uniformity, such as chromatography separation.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Guo
- The State Key Lab of Chemical Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
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229
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Jeng JH, Wang YJ, Chang WH, Wu HL, Li CH, Uang BJ, Kang JJ, Lee JJ, Hahn LJ, Lin BR, Chang MC. Reactive oxygen species are crucial for hydroxychavicol toxicity toward KB epithelial cells. Cell Mol Life Sci 2004; 61:83-96. [PMID: 14704856 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-003-3272-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Betel quid (BQ) chewing shows a strong correlation to the incidence of oral submucous fibrosis (OSF), leukoplakia and oral cancer. BQ contains mainly areca nut, lime, Piper betle leaf (PBL) and the inflorescence of P. betle (IPB). Hydroxychavicol (4-allyl-catechol, HC), as a major phenolic compound in PBL and IPB, is shown to induce oxidative stress, glutathione (GSH) depletion and cell cycle deregulation. Using bivariate BrdU/PI flow cytometry, KB cells in DNA synthesis (S phase) are shown to be sensitive to the toxic effect of HC and show cell cycle arrest and apoptosis following exposure to 0.1 and 0.3 mM HC. HC-induced apoptosis and cell cycle arrest are associated with mitochondrial membrane potential (delta Psim) depolarization as revealed by a decrease in rhodamine fluorescence. N-acetyl-L-cysteine (1 mM), superoxide dismutase (100 U/ml) and catalase (1000 U/ml) were effective in prevention of HC-induced GSH depletion (as indicated by chloromethylfluorescein fluorescence), reactive oxygen species (ROS) production (by dichlorofluorescein fluorescence), cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. However, dimethylthiourea (2 mM), neocuproine (1 mM), 1,10-phenanthroline (200 microM) and desferrioxamine (0.5 mM) showed little effect on HC-induced cell changes. HC elevated the cellular and mitochondrial GSH levels at moderate concentrations (0.05-0.1 mM), whereas at a concentration of 0.3 mM, inhibitory effects were noted. These results indicate that HC consumption may be associated with BQ-chewing-related oral mucosal diseases via GSH depletion, ROS production, mitochondrial dysfunction, cell cycle disturbance and the induction of apoptosis. These events are related to the production of superoxide radicals and hydrogen peroxide.
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Affiliation(s)
- J H Jeng
- Department of Dentistry, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
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230
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Tsui OKC, Wang YJ, Zhao H, Du B. Some views about the controversial dewetting morphology of polystyrene films. Eur Phys J E Soft Matter 2003; 12:417-425. [PMID: 15007769 DOI: 10.1140/epje/e2004-00010-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- O K C Tsui
- Department of Physics and Institute of Nano Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong.
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231
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Dong AG, Wang YJ, Tang Y, Ren N, Yang WL, Gao Z. Fabrication of compact silver nanoshells on polystyrene spheres through electrostatic attraction. Chem Commun (Camb) 2002:350-1. [PMID: 12120069 DOI: 10.1039/b110164c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Nanoshells composed of close-packed silver nanocrystals have been fabricated on polystyrene spheres via direct electrostatic attraction at appropriate pH; the thickness and roughness of the shell can be readily controlled through a layer-by-layer technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- A G Dong
- Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, P. R. China
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232
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Abstract
When two lines of different orientations are combined in regular stereograms, the orientation of the resulting line is different from those of the monocular lines. In this study we investigate the percept elicited by orientation disparity in Panum's limiting case. A variant of Panum's limiting case was designed to include orientation disparity. The single line in one half-image tilted leftwards. One of the double lines in the other half-image was parallel to the single line, while the other one tilted rightwards with obliquity one third that of the single line. In this stimulus configuration, if the single line in one half-image fuses with both lines in the other half-image at the same time, both of the two lines perceived after fusion should tilt leftwards. If double fusion does not happen, the two lines should tilt leftwards and rightwards respectively. The results of this study are in agreement with the latter prediction, which implies that double fusion does not occur in this variant of Panum's limiting case.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Wang
- Laboratory of Visual Information Processing, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
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233
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Wang YJ, Shahrokh Z, Vemuri S, Eberlein G, Beylin I, Busch M. Characterization, stability, and formulations of basic fibroblast growth factor. Pharm Biotechnol 2002; 9:141-80. [PMID: 8914191 DOI: 10.1007/0-306-47452-2_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Y J Wang
- Scios Inc., Mountain View, California 94043, USA
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234
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Wang YJ, Cheng H, Edwards RL, An ZS, Wu JY, Shen CC, Dorale JA. A high-resolution absolute-dated late Pleistocene Monsoon record from Hulu Cave, China. Science 2001; 294:2345-8. [PMID: 11743199 DOI: 10.1126/science.1064618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 295] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Oxygen isotope records of five stalagmites from Hulu Cave near Nanjing bear a remarkable resemblance to oxygen isotope records from Greenland ice cores, suggesting that East Asian Monsoon intensity changed in concert with Greenland temperature between 11,000 and 75,000 years before the present (yr. B.P.). Between 11,000 and 30,000 yr. B.P., the timing of changes in the monsoon, as established with 230Th dates, generally agrees with the timing of temperature changes from the Greenland Ice Sheet Project Two (GISP2) core, which supports GISP2's chronology in this interval. Our record links North Atlantic climate with the meridional transport of heat and moisture from the warmest part of the ocean where the summer East Asian Monsoon originates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y J Wang
- College of Geography Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210097, China
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235
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Wang YJ, Lu YZ, Wang XL. [The effect of renal ischemic preconditioning on the myocardial ischemic/reperfusion injury in rabbits]. Zhongguo Ying Yong Sheng Li Xue Za Zhi 2001; 17:366-369. [PMID: 21207703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
AIM To investigate whether renal ischemic preconditioning could protect myocardium from ischemic-reperfusion injury. METHODS Thirty-two adult white rabbits were randomly divided into four groups: group sham operation (SO), myocardial ischemic-reperfusion (I/R), classical ischemic preconditioning (CIPC) and renal ischemic preconditioning (RIPC). Changes of left ventricular functions, myocardial infarct size, myocardial ultrastructure and cardiac arrhythmia were observed. RESULTS RIPC and CIPC could reduce the myocardial infarct size and the attack rate of arrhythmia (P < 0.01 vs I/R); improve the left ventricular functions (P < 0.01 vs I/R) and minimized the ultrastructure injury of I/R myocardium. CONCLUSION The RIPC might elicit a myocardial protection against ischemic-reperfusion injury, which is similar to the effect of CIPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y J Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Changzhi Medical College, Changzhi 046000, China
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236
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Wu XL, He CY, Wang YJ, Zhang ZY, Dongfang Y, Zhang JS, Chen SY, Gai JY. [Construction and analysis of a genetic linkage map of soybean]. Yi Chuan Xue Bao 2001; 28:1051-61. [PMID: 11725640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
Abstract
A high-density genetic map was constructed with a RILs population (NJRIKY) from a cross of two cultivated soybean Kefeng 1 and Nannong 1138-2, using RFLP, SSR, RAPD and AFLP markers. The map consists of 24 linkage groups, which include 792 genetic markers, and covers 2,320.7 cM with an average genetic distance of 2.9 cM. The higher polymorphsims between two parents were identified with SSR markers. Due to its simplicity and stability, they could be used as anchored marker to integrate different maps constructed with different genetic markers. AFLP marker system is efficient for map construction while it easily form clusters to cause big gaps in the map. A total of 21.7% of markers was found with distorted segregation in the RILs population. The high-density molecular linkage map is fundamental for gene localization, comparative genomics, and QTL mapping of important agronomic traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- X L Wu
- Plant Biotechnology Laboratory, Institute of Genetics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
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237
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Lin CC, Wu JC, Chang TT, Huang YH, Wang YJ, Tsay SH, Chow NH, Chang FY, Lee SD. Long-term evaluation of recombinant interferon alpha2b in the treatment of patients with hepatitis B e antigen-negative chronic hepatitis B in Taiwan. J Viral Hepat 2001; 8:438-46. [PMID: 11703575 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2893.2001.00320.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
The effect of interferon (IFN) on hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg)-negative chronic hepatitis B (CHB) has not been fully investigated in Chinese patients. We enrolled 58 HBeAg-negative CHB Chinese patients with hepatitis B viremia in Taiwan to evaluate the response to IFN. 30 patients received recombinant IFN 5 million units 3 times weekly for 6-10 months, and 28 patients who refused IFN treatment served as controls. Rates of virological response and biochemical response were higher in the treated group at the end of treatment (57% vs 18%, P = 0.006, and 73% vs 29%, P = 0.002, respectively). Both effects were superior in the treated group at 6 months after IFN withdrawal (virological: 30% vs 7%, P = 0.06; biochemical: 47% vs 7%, P = 0.002). Improvement of liver histological activities with persistently biochemical response was found in 65% of the treated patients. After a mean of 32 months' follow-up, virological response was rarely maintained (17% vs 4%, P = 0.228) but biochemical response was better in the treated group (27% vs 4%, P = 0.039). None of the treated patients but five controls developed severe complications of CHB during the follow-up period. A larger total IFN dosage or a younger age (< or = 40 years) were associated with 'sustained' virological response. Younger age and higher baseline alanine transaminase values (> or = 120 Ul(-1)) were related to 'sustained' biochemical response.
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Affiliation(s)
- C C Lin
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
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238
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Chang MC, Ho YS, Lee PH, Chan CP, Lee JJ, Hahn LJ, Wang YJ, Jeng JH. Areca nut extract and arecoline induced the cell cycle arrest but not apoptosis of cultured oral KB epithelial cells: association of glutathione, reactive oxygen species and mitochondrial membrane potential. Carcinogenesis 2001; 22:1527-35. [PMID: 11532876 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/22.9.1527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
There are 600 million betel quid (BQ) chewers in the world. BQ chewing is a major etiologic factor of oral cancer. Areca nut (AN) and arecoline may inhibit the growth of oral mucosal fibroblasts (OMF) and keratinocytes. In this study, AN extract (100-800 microg/ml) and arecoline (20-120 microM) inhibited the growth of oral KB cells by 36-90 and 15-75%, respectively. Exposure to arecoline (> 0.2 mM) for 24 h induced G(2)/M cell cycle arrest of OMF and KB cells. Areca nut extract (> 400 microg/ml) also induced G(2)/M arrest of KB cells, being preceded by S-phase arrest at 7-h of exposure. No evident sub-G(0)/G(1) peak was noted. Marked retraction and intracellular vacuoles formation of OMF and KB cells were observed. Glutathione (GSH) level, mitochondrial membrane potential (Deltabetam) and H(2)O(2) production of KB cells were measured by flow cytometry. GSH level [indicated by 5-chloromethyl-fluorescein (CMF) fluorescence] was depleted by 24-h exposure of KB cells to arecoline (0.4-1.2 mM) and AN extract (800-1200 microg/ml), with increasing the percentage of cells in low CMF fluorescence. By contrast, arecoline (0.1-1.2 mM) and AN extract (800-1200 microg/ml) induced decreasing and increasing H(2)O(2) production (by 2',7'-dichloro- fluorescein fluorescence), respectively. Hyperpolarization of Deltabetam (increasing of rhodamine uptake) was noted by 24-h exposure of KB cells to arecoline (0.4-1.2 mM) and AN extract (800-1200 microg/ml). AN extract (100- 1200 microg/ml) and arecoline (0.1-1.2 mM) induced little DNA fragmentation on KB cells within 24 h. These results indicate that AN ingredients are crucial in the pathogenesis of oral submucous fibrosis (OSF) and oral cancer by differentially inducing the dysregulation of cell cycle control, Deltabetam, GSH level and intracellular H(2)O(2) production, these events being not coupled with cellular apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- M C Chang
- Team of Biomedical Science, Chang-Gung Institute of Nursing, Taiwan
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239
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Wang XJ, Wang XX, Tan YF, Wang YJ, Wang XZ, Chen HW, He GX, Fei LS. [Studies of the correlation between fragile sites and giant panda's breeding problem]. Yi Chuan Xue Bao 2001; 28:621-7. [PMID: 11480173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/20/2023]
Abstract
An unique culture system has been established which can effectively indicate fragile sites induced by BrdU on giant panda chromosomes. After we cultured the lymphocytes of giant panda for 96 hours and treated it with low concentration of BrdU (10 micrograms/ml) for only a short time (4 hours), the areas of high-frequency-expressed fragile sites were successfully located on the centromeres of No. 2 and No. 12 chromosomes. After statistic analysis, we found that the frequency of fragile sites on No. 2 and No. 12 chromosomes are notably different among pandas. What is more important, the former is relative to giant pandas' breeding conditions and correlation coefficiency (r equals to -0.772). The result indicates that high frequency of fragile sites on No. 2 chromosome is unfavorable to giant panda's breeding and survival of filial generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- X J Wang
- Cell Laboratory, College of Life Science, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610062, China
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240
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Zhang XL, Quan QZ, Sun ZQ, Wang YJ, Jiang XL, Wang D, Li WB. Protective effects of cyclosporine A on T-cell dependent ConA-induced liver injury in Kunming mice. World J Gastroenterol 2001; 7:569-71. [PMID: 11819832 PMCID: PMC4688676 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v7.i4.569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- X L Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Chinese PLA General Hospital of Jinan Command Area, Jinan 250031, Shandong Province, China.
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241
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Cheng AL, Hsu CH, Lin JK, Hsu MM, Ho YF, Shen TS, Ko JY, Lin JT, Lin BR, Ming-Shiang W, Yu HS, Jee SH, Chen GS, Chen TM, Chen CA, Lai MK, Pu YS, Pan MH, Wang YJ, Tsai CC, Hsieh CY. Phase I clinical trial of curcumin, a chemopreventive agent, in patients with high-risk or pre-malignant lesions. Anticancer Res 2001; 21:2895-900. [PMID: 11712783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
Abstract
Curcumin (diferuloylmethane), a yellow substance from the root of the plant Curcuma longa Linn., has been demonstrated to inhibit carcinogenesis of murine skin, stomach, intestine and liver. However, the toxicology, pharmacokinetics and biologically effective dose of curcumin in humans have not been reported. This prospective phase-I study evaluated these issues of curcumin in patients with one of the following five high-risk conditions: 1) recently resected urinary bladder cancer; 2) arsenic Bowen's disease of the skin; 3) uterine cervical intraepithelial neoplasm (CIN); 4) oral leucoplakia; and 5) intestinal metaplasia of the stomach. Curcumin was taken orally for 3 months. Biopsy of the lesion sites was done immediately before and 3 months after starting curcumin treament. The starting dose was 500 mg/day. If no toxicity > or = grade II was noted in at least 3 successive patients, the dose was then escalated to another level in the order of 1,000, 2,000, 4,000, 8,000, and 12,000 mg/day. The concentration of curcumin in serum and urine was determined by high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC). A total of 25 patients were enrolled in this study. There was no treatment-related toxicity up to 8,000 mg/day. Beyond 8,000 mg/day, the bulky volume of the drug was unacceptable to the patients. The serum concentration of curcumin usually peaked at 1 to 2 hours after oral intake of crucumin and gradually declined within 12 hours. The average peak serum concentrations after taking 4,000 mg, 6,000 mg and 8,000 mg of curcumin were 0.51 +/- 0.11 microM, 0.63 +/- 0.06 microM and 1.77 +/- 1.87 microM, respectively. Urinary excretion of curcumin was undetectable. One of 4 patients with CIN and 1 of 7 patients with oral leucoplakia proceeded to develop frank malignancies in spite of curcumin treatment. In contrast, histologic improvement of precancerous lesions was seen in 1 out of 2 patients with recently resected bladder cancer, 2 out of 7 patients of oral leucoplakia, 1 out of 6 patients of intestinal metaplasia of the stomach, I out of 4 patients with CIN and 2 out of 6 patients with Bowen's disease. In conclusion, this study demonstrated that curcumin is not toxic to humans up to 8,000 mg/day when taken by mouth for 3 months. Our results also suggest a biologic effect of curcumin in the chemoprevention of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- A L Cheng
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei.
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242
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Zhao PC, Wang YJ, Cui L, Shi XF, Wang YH. [Analysis of writing age of ballpoint pen ink by thin-layer chromatography]. Se Pu 2001; 19:382-4. [PMID: 12545511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/28/2023] Open
Abstract
A method based on using a thin-layer chromatographic method (TLC) for determining changes in dye of ballpoint pen ink developed with writing age. An ink drawn line of 1 cm in length was cut and placed in Eppendorf tube. Extraction was performed with 20 microL ethanol at room temperature for 15 min, and heated in steambath for 10 min. The ethanol solution(4 microL) containing the extracted dyes was then spotted on TLC plate by syringe after cooling. The ballpoint pen ink spots were eluted in a solvent of isopropyl alcohol. Using TLC scanner, the spots on TLC plate were scanned at 580 nm. The relations between ratio of peak heights and writing age were attained. Thus, the information on relative writing age can be obtained. And, the powerful evidence for identifying the age of ballpoint pen ink is provided by this method in the field of forensic science.
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Affiliation(s)
- P C Zhao
- Department of Forensic Medicine, China Criminal Police College, Shenyang 110035, China.
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243
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Wang YJ, Lee CC, Chang WC, Liou HB, Ho YS. Oxidative stress and liver toxicity in rats and human hepatoma cell line induced by pentachlorophenol and its major metabolite tetrachlorohydroquinone. Toxicol Lett 2001; 122:157-69. [PMID: 11439222 DOI: 10.1016/s0378-4274(01)00361-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Pentachlorophenol (PCP) is a pesticide used worldwide in industrial and domestic applications. It is used extensively as biocide and wood preservatives. Metabolic studies carried out in rodents and human liver homogenates have indicated that PCP undergoes oxidative dechlorination to form tetrachlorohydroquinone (TCHQ). Free radical catalyzed tissue injury is thought to play a fundamental role in human disease. In the present study, we examined the effects of PCP and TCHQ on the induction of lipid peroxidation and liver injury in rats. In addition, the cytotoxic dose, cell death mechanisms and related gene expressions induced by PCP and TCHQ were also determined for human hepatoma cell line (Hep G2). The results indicated that more toxic effects could be observed both in rats and human hepatoma cell line treated with TCHQ than its parent compound, PCP. Oxygen species may be involved in the mechanism of TCHQ intoxication since the urinary 8-epi-PGF2alpha and AST, ALT activities can be induced by TCHQ and attenuated by vitamin E treatment. Apoptosis features were found in cells treated with TCHQ but not PCP. TCHQ-induced cell damage may issue signals for the induction of HSPs, the decrease of the bcl/bax protein ratio and the decrease of CAS gene, whereas the PCP-induced damage may not.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y J Wang
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, National Cheng Kung University, Medical College, Tainan, Taiwan, Republic of China
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244
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Fan M, Xu Y, Zhang HY, Ren HZ, Kang GB, Wang YJ, Chen H. [Identification of quantitative trait loci associated with fruit traits in watermelon [Citullus lanantus (Thanb) Mansf] and analysis of their genetic effects]. Yi Chuan Xue Bao 2001; 27:902-10. [PMID: 11192435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/19/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we mapped and characterized quantitative trait loci (QTL) affecting watermelon fruit traits. A total of 118 F2 progenies derived from the cross 97103 (which is a cultivar with higher total soluble solids concentration, thin rind, susceptible to Fusarium wilt disease) x PI296341(which is a wild germplasm with lower total soluble solids concentration, thick rind, resistant to Fusarium wilt disease) were used to construct a 96-markers map in watermelon. By using interval mapping 4 QTLs for total soluble solids concentration, 5 QTLs for hardness of rind, 2 QTLs for thickness of rind, 3 QTLs for weight of simple fruit, and 6 QTLs for weight of one thousand grain seeds were identified. In addition, the explained variations, additive effects and dominance effects for all detected QTLs were analyzed.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Fan
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100094, China
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245
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Oba SM, Wang YJ, Song JP, Li ZY, Kobayashi K, Tsugane S, Hamada GS, Tanaka M, Sugimura H. Genomic structure and loss of heterozygosity of EPHB2 in colorectal cancer. Cancer Lett 2001; 164:97-104. [PMID: 11166921 DOI: 10.1016/s0304-3835(00)00716-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
EphB2, a member of the Eph receptor protein-tyrosine kinase family, is overexpressed in several human gastrointestinal tumors. Furthermore, the EphB2 gene is localized at 1p35-p36.1, a frequently deleted region in colon and other cancers. So, despite its overexpression in some kind of tumors, we decided to study the possibility of involvement in the EphB2 gene (EPHB2) mutation in colon cancers, because some of the well known tumor suppressor genes (e.g. p53) is overexpressed (really accumulated) in tumors. Fifty colon tumor samples of matched with their respective normal tissues, were studied for mutation of the EPHB2. Analysis of the genomic structure of EphB2 and survey of all 16 exons revealed an infrequent polymorphism (intron 2) and mutation (intron 8). Another polymorphism in exon 6, localized at nucleotide 1359 (A-->G) was found to be rather frequent in Japanese and Chinese subjects, but very rare in Caucasians. Taking advantage of this polymorphism within EPHB2, we surveyed the loss of heterozygosity (LOH) status of this gene in Japanese colorectal tumors. Among the 50 samples analyzed, 24 were informative, and LOH was found in five of the15 (33.3%) informative rectal cancer cases. Mutation analysis covering all 16 exons in the remaining allele did not reveal any mutations. Thus, EPHB2 is not a classical tumor suppressor gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- S M Oba
- First Department of Pathology, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 3600 Handa-cho, Hamamatsu, 431-3192, Japan
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246
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Wang YJ, Oba SM, Yoshii S, Song JP, Wang Y, Kanamori M, Ota S, Tanaka M, Sugimura H. Genomic structure of human alpha-pix, and variable deletions in a poly (T) tract in gastric cancer tissue. Cancer Lett 2001; 164:69-75. [PMID: 11166917 DOI: 10.1016/s0304-3835(00)00723-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
PAK-interacting exchange factor (PIX) has been reported to mediate the recruitment of PAK into focal adhesions and activate Rac, thus creating a feedback loop that stimulate PAK and other targets. This pathway is thought to be related to cellular changes, such as transformation and migration, that are often encountered in cancer cells. Here, we report the genomic structure of alpha-PIX, one of the PAK- interacting exchange factors, including the identification of the promoter region, which consisted 772 amino acids in 22 exons, spanning about 100 kb on genome of X chromosome. All splice sites conformed to the GT-AT rule. To investigate the role of alpha-PIX in carcinogenesis, we screened 60 cases of gastric cancer for mutations and polymorphisms using an intron-primer that covered all the exons, but no mutations or polymorphisms were found in the coding region. However an 18 bp repeat of thymidine tract was present in 50 bp downstream from exon 12 and the deletion of variable numbers of mononucleotide repeats was observed in seven out of the 60 gastric cancer tissue specimens that were examined. These seven cases all exhibited a mutator phenotype, suggesting that the deletions are passenger mutations. Thus our results revealed that alpha-PIX probably does not play any primary role in human gastric carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y J Wang
- First Department of Pathology, Hamamatsu University, School of Medicine, 3600 Handa-cho, Hamamatsu 431-3192, Japan
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247
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Ho YS, Duh JS, Jeng JH, Wang YJ, Liang YC, Lin CH, Tseng CJ, Yu CF, Chen RJ, Lin JK. Griseofulvin potentiates antitumorigenesis effects of nocodazole through induction of apoptosis and G2/M cell cycle arrest in human colorectal cancer cells. Int J Cancer 2001. [PMID: 11169965 DOI: 10.1002/1097-0215(200002)9999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we demonstrate that apoptosis and G2/M cell cycle arrest were easily induced by treatment with the oral-antifungal agent, griseofulvin (GF). The mechanisms of GF-induced G2/M arrest were characterized as (a) induction of abnormal mitotic spindle formation, (b) elevation of cyclin B1/cdc2 kinase activity and (c) down-regulation of myt-1 protein expression. On the other hand, caspase 3 activation, Bcl-2 hyperphosphorylation and inhibition of the normal function of Bcl-2 associated with Bax were demonstrated to be the mechanisms of GF-induced apoptosis. DNA fragmentation and flow cytometry analyses demonstrated that combined treatment of GF with the cancer chemotherapeutic agent, nocodazole (ND), strongly potentiates the apoptotic effect and arrest of the G2/M cell cycle in 5 types of human cancer cells, but not in normal human keratinocytes (#76 KhGH). The combined treatment of GF and ND triggered the polymerization of purified tubulin in HT 29 but not in #76 KhGH cells. To further confirm these observations, the therapeutic efficacy was further examined in vivo by treating athymic mice bearing COLO 205 tumor xenografts, with GF (50 mg/kg), ND (5 mg/kg) or GF + ND. Combined treatment of GF and ND significantly enhanced the effect of ND, and led to cessation of tumor growth. These results suggest that chemotherapeutic agents (such as ND) administered in the presence of GF might provide a novel therapy for colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y S Ho
- Institute of Biomedical Technology, Taipei Medical College, Taipei, Taiwan.
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248
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Wang YJ, Shi Q, Shen PZ. [Dynamic observation on imbalance of dynamic and static forces and degenerated cervical intervertebral disc in rats]. Zhongguo Zhong Xi Yi Jie He Za Zhi 2001; 21:199-202. [PMID: 12577338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/28/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To study the relation between biomechanical imbalance and the degree and course of degeneration of cervical intervertebral disc in rats. METHODS Sixty SD rats, 8 months old, were randomly divided into 6 groups, the control and model groups of 3, 5, 7 months, 10 in each group. The cervical disc dynamic and static forces imbalance of degeneration model was established to assess the degree of degeneration as well as the content some inflammatory mediators (prostaglandin E2, 6-keto-prostaglandin F1 alpha) and collagenase (MMP-1) activity. RESULTS (1) In 3 months model group and 5 months control group, fibrous ring of intervertebral disc showed some fissure and slight irregular arrangement, nucleus pulposus shrunken or became smaller, mild herniation of nucleus pulposus was seen in some disc. The nucleus pulposus of intervertebral disc in 5 months model group was fibrosed completely and the disc in 7 months model group herniated or became osteophytosis. (2) Compared with the control group of same time period, MMP-1 was increased significantly in the 5 months and 7 months model groups (P < 0.05), and prostaglandin E2 and 6-keto-prostaglandin F1 alpha elevated in the model groups (P < 0.05, P < 0.01). (3) Comparison between model groups, MMP-1 activity in 5 months and 7 months groups was higher than that in the 3 months group (P < 0.05), and 6-keto-prostaglandin F1 alpha was higher in 7 months group than that in 3 months group (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION Cervical intervertebral disc undergoes a progressive degenerating process. By breaking the dynamic-static balance of neck in rats could accelerate the progression of degeneration. The fact could be used to elucidate the theory of pathogenesis of cervical spondylopathy, dynamic force imbalance in priority and static force imbalance in predominance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y J Wang
- Institute of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Shanghai University of TCM, Shanghai 200032
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249
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Fukamauchi F, Aihara O, Wang YJ, Akasaka K, Takeda Y, Horie M, Kawano H, Sudo K, Asano M, Watanabe K, Iwakura Y. TAG-1-deficient mice have marked elevation of adenosine A1 receptors in the hippocampus. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2001; 281:220-6. [PMID: 11178983 DOI: 10.1006/bbrc.2001.4334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
TAG-1 is a neural recognition molecule in the immunoglobulin superfamily that is predominantly expressed in the developing brain. Several lines of evidence suggest that TAG-1 is involved in the outgrowth, guidance, and fasciculation of neurites. To directly assess the function of TAG-1 in vivo, we have generated mice with a deletion in the gene encoding TAG-1 using homologous recombination in embryonic stem cells. Gross morphological analysis of the cerebellum, the spinal cord, and the hippocampus appeared normal in TAG-1-deficient mice. However, TAG-1 (-/-) mice showed the upregulation of the adenosine A1 receptors determined by [(3)H]cyclopentyl-1,3-dipropylxanthine in the hippocampus, and their greater sensitivity to convulsant stimuli than that in TAG-1 (+/+) mice. We suspect that the subtle changes in neural plasticity induced by TAG-1 deficiency during development cause the selective vulnerability of specific brain regions and the epileptogenicity in TAG-1 (-/-) mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Fukamauchi
- Department of Molecular Medical Science, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 2-3-10, Kandasurugadai, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 101-0062, Japan.
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250
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Ho YS, Duh JS, Jeng JH, Wang YJ, Liang YC, Lin CH, Tseng CJ, Yu CF, Chen RJ, Lin JK. Griseofulvin potentiates antitumorigenesis effects of nocodazole through induction of apoptosis and G2/M cell cycle arrest in human colorectal cancer cells. Int J Cancer 2001; 91:393-401. [PMID: 11169965 DOI: 10.1002/1097-0215(200002)9999:9999<::aid-ijc1070>3.0.co;2-#] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we demonstrate that apoptosis and G2/M cell cycle arrest were easily induced by treatment with the oral-antifungal agent, griseofulvin (GF). The mechanisms of GF-induced G2/M arrest were characterized as (a) induction of abnormal mitotic spindle formation, (b) elevation of cyclin B1/cdc2 kinase activity and (c) down-regulation of myt-1 protein expression. On the other hand, caspase 3 activation, Bcl-2 hyperphosphorylation and inhibition of the normal function of Bcl-2 associated with Bax were demonstrated to be the mechanisms of GF-induced apoptosis. DNA fragmentation and flow cytometry analyses demonstrated that combined treatment of GF with the cancer chemotherapeutic agent, nocodazole (ND), strongly potentiates the apoptotic effect and arrest of the G2/M cell cycle in 5 types of human cancer cells, but not in normal human keratinocytes (#76 KhGH). The combined treatment of GF and ND triggered the polymerization of purified tubulin in HT 29 but not in #76 KhGH cells. To further confirm these observations, the therapeutic efficacy was further examined in vivo by treating athymic mice bearing COLO 205 tumor xenografts, with GF (50 mg/kg), ND (5 mg/kg) or GF + ND. Combined treatment of GF and ND significantly enhanced the effect of ND, and led to cessation of tumor growth. These results suggest that chemotherapeutic agents (such as ND) administered in the presence of GF might provide a novel therapy for colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y S Ho
- Institute of Biomedical Technology, Taipei Medical College, Taipei, Taiwan.
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