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Wang J, Li L, Yang J, Clair PM, Glenn MJ, Stephens DM, Radford DC, Kosak KM, Deininger MW, Shami PJ, Kopeček J. Drug-free macromolecular therapeutics induce apoptosis in cells isolated from patients with B cell malignancies with enhanced apoptosis induction by pretreatment with gemcitabine. Nanomedicine 2019; 16:217-225. [PMID: 30639670 DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2018.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2018] [Revised: 12/18/2018] [Accepted: 12/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Drug-free macromolecular therapeutics (DFMT) is a new paradigm for the treatment of B cell malignancies. Apoptosis is initiated by the biorecognition of complementary oligonucleotide motifs at the cell surface resulting in crosslinking of CD20 receptors. DMFT is composed from two nanoconjugates: 1) bispecific engager, Fab'-MORF1 (anti-CD20 Fab' fragment conjugated with morpholino oligonucleotide), and 2) a crosslinking (effector) component P-(MORF2)X (N-(2-hydroxypropyl)methacrylamide (HPMA) copolymer grafted with multiple copies of complementary morpholino oligonucleotide). We evaluated this concept in 44 samples isolated from patients diagnosed with various subtypes of B cell malignancies. Apoptosis was observed in 65.9% of the samples tested. Pretreatment of cells with gemcitabine (GEM) or polymer-gemcitabine conjugate (2P-GEM) enhanced CD20 expression levels thus increasing apoptosis induced by DFMT. These positive results demonstrated that DFMT has remarkable therapeutic potential in various subtypes of B cell malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiawei Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Lian Li
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Jiyuan Yang
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Phillip M Clair
- Division of Hematology and Hematologic Malignancies and Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Martha J Glenn
- Division of Hematology and Hematologic Malignancies and Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Deborah M Stephens
- Division of Hematology and Hematologic Malignancies and Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | | | - Ken M Kosak
- Division of Hematology and Hematologic Malignancies and Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Michael W Deininger
- Division of Hematology and Hematologic Malignancies and Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Paul J Shami
- Division of Hematology and Hematologic Malignancies and Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Jindřich Kopeček
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.
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Li Q, Huang J, Ou Y, Li Y, Wu Y. Progressive diffuse large B-cell lymphoma with TP53 gene mutation treated with chidamide-based chemotherapy. Immunotherapy 2019; 11:265-272. [PMID: 30606076 DOI: 10.2217/imt-2018-0083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
We attempted to explore novel treatment options for progressive diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) with TP53 mutation that has a poor response to rituximab-based immunochemotherapy. Herein, we report the case of a patient with DLBCL having TP53 mutation who showed progression following four cycles of rituximab-based immunochemotherapy but achieved sustained partial remission following chidamide-based chemotherapy. In vitro experiments performed using the DLBCL cell lines OCI-ly1 (LY1; mutant TP53), OCI-ly10 (LY10; wild-type TP53) and OCI-ly19 (LY19, wild-type TP53) demonstrated that chidamide is more potent against cells with mutant TP53 mutant than those with wild-type TP53. Moreover, chidamide can reduce the mRNA and protein expression levels of mutant TP53 and upregulate the surface expression of the CD20 antigen in lymphoma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Li
- Department of Hematology & Hematology Research Laboratory, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, PR China
| | - Jingcao Huang
- Department of Hematology & Hematology Research Laboratory, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, PR China
| | - Yang Ou
- Department of Hematology & Hematology Research Laboratory, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, PR China
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Hematology & Hematology Research Laboratory, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, PR China
| | - Yu Wu
- Department of Hematology & Hematology Research Laboratory, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, PR China
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203
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Pitlick MM, Abeykoon JP, Dao LN, Thompson CA. Non-Hodgkin lymphoma presenting as acute pancreatitis: A rare occurrence. Clin Case Rep 2019; 7:107-109. [PMID: 30656020 PMCID: PMC6333083 DOI: 10.1002/ccr3.1885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2018] [Revised: 09/24/2018] [Accepted: 10/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Lymphoma often presents with extranodal manifestations. However, pancreatic involvement resulting in pancreatitis is rare. CD20-negative variants of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma are also rare and are more likely to present with extranodal involvement. Lymphoma should be considered in patients presenting with pancreatitis without traditional risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Linda N. Dao
- Division of HematopathologyMayo ClinicRochesterMinnesota
| | - Carrie A. Thompson
- Department of Internal MedicineMayo ClinicRochesterMinnesota
- Division of HematologyMayo ClinicRochesterMinnesota
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204
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Gingele S, Jacobus TL, Konen FF, Hümmert MW, Sühs KW, Schwenkenbecher P, Ahlbrecht J, Möhn N, Müschen LH, Bönig L, Alvermann S, Schmidt RE, Stangel M, Jacobs R, Skripuletz T. Ocrelizumab Depletes CD20⁺ T Cells in Multiple Sclerosis Patients. Cells 2018; 8:cells8010012. [PMID: 30597851 PMCID: PMC6356421 DOI: 10.3390/cells8010012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2018] [Revised: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 12/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Ocrelizumab, a humanized monoclonal anti-CD20 antibody, has shown pronounced effects in reduction of disease activity in multiple sclerosis (MS) patients and has recently been approved for the treatment of patients with relapsing MS (RMS) and primary progressive MS (PPMS). CD20 is mainly expressed by B cells, but a subset of T cells (CD3⁺CD20⁺ T cells) also expresses CD20, and these CD20⁺ T cells are known to be a highly activated cell population. The blood of MS patients was analyzed with multicolor flow cytometry before and two weeks after treatment with ocrelizumab regarding the phenotype of peripheral blood mononuclear cells. CD20-expressing CD3⁺ T cells were found in blood samples of all MS patients, accounted for 2.4% of CD45⁺ lymphocytes, and constituted a significant proportion (18.4%) of all CD20⁺ cells. CD3⁺CD20⁺ T cells and CD19⁺CD20⁺ B cells were effectively depleted two weeks after a single administration of 300 mg ocrelizumab. Our results demonstrate that treatment with ocrelizumab does not exclusively target B cells, but also CD20⁺ T cells, which account for a substantial amount of CD20-expressing cells. Thus, we speculate that the efficacy of ocrelizumab might also be mediated by the depletion of CD20-expressing T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Gingele
- Department of Neurology, Hannover Medical School, D-30625 Hannover, Germany.
| | - Thais Langer Jacobus
- Department of Clinical Immunology & Rheumatology, Hannover Medical School, D-30625 Hannover, Germany.
| | - Franz Felix Konen
- Department of Neurology, Hannover Medical School, D-30625 Hannover, Germany.
| | - Martin W Hümmert
- Department of Neurology, Hannover Medical School, D-30625 Hannover, Germany.
| | - Kurt-Wolfram Sühs
- Department of Neurology, Hannover Medical School, D-30625 Hannover, Germany.
| | | | - Jonas Ahlbrecht
- Department of Neurology, Hannover Medical School, D-30625 Hannover, Germany.
| | - Nora Möhn
- Department of Neurology, Hannover Medical School, D-30625 Hannover, Germany.
| | - Lars H Müschen
- Department of Neurology, Hannover Medical School, D-30625 Hannover, Germany.
| | - Lena Bönig
- Department of Neurology, Hannover Medical School, D-30625 Hannover, Germany.
| | - Sascha Alvermann
- Department of Neurology, Hannover Medical School, D-30625 Hannover, Germany.
| | - Reinhold E Schmidt
- Department of Clinical Immunology & Rheumatology, Hannover Medical School, D-30625 Hannover, Germany.
| | - Martin Stangel
- Department of Neurology, Hannover Medical School, D-30625 Hannover, Germany.
| | - Roland Jacobs
- Department of Clinical Immunology & Rheumatology, Hannover Medical School, D-30625 Hannover, Germany.
| | - Thomas Skripuletz
- Department of Neurology, Hannover Medical School, D-30625 Hannover, Germany.
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205
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Ciardi MR, Iannetta M, Zingaropoli MA, Salpini R, Aragri M, Annecca R, Pontecorvo S, Altieri M, Russo G, Svicher V, Mastroianni CM, Vullo V. Reactivation of Hepatitis B Virus With Immune-Escape Mutations After Ocrelizumab Treatment for Multiple Sclerosis. Open Forum Infect Dis 2018; 6:ofy356. [PMID: 30697576 PMCID: PMC6343960 DOI: 10.1093/ofid/ofy356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2018] [Revised: 12/11/2018] [Accepted: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Ocrelizumab is an anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody for the treatment of multiple sclerosis (MS) that is closely related to rituximab. We describe a case of hepatitis B virus (HBV) reactivation in an MS patient with resolved HBV infection receiving ocrelizumab. HBV reactivation was monitored with HBV-DNA and HBV surface antigen periodic assessment. Anti-HBV treatment with entecavir was started after HBV-DNA detection. Ocrelizumab can reactivate viral replication in patients with resolved HBV infection. HBV reactivation monitoring seems an effective and safe option for the management of these patients. More studies are needed to assess the optimal management of HBV reactivation in MS patients on ocrelizumab treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria R Ciardi
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza, University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Iannetta
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza, University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria A Zingaropoli
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza, University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Romina Salpini
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Marianna Aragri
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Rosanna Annecca
- Department of Human Neurosciences, Sapienza, University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Simona Pontecorvo
- Department of Human Neurosciences, Sapienza, University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Marta Altieri
- Department of Human Neurosciences, Sapienza, University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Gianluca Russo
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza, University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Valentina Svicher
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Claudio M Mastroianni
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza, University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Vullo
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza, University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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206
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Payandeh Z, Bahrami AA, Hoseinpoor R, Mortazavi Y, Rajabibazl M, Rahimpour A, Taromchi AH, Khalil S. The applications of anti- CD20 antibodies to treat various B cells disorders. Biomed Pharmacother 2019; 109:2415-26. [PMID: 30551501 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.11.121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2018] [Revised: 11/09/2018] [Accepted: 11/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
B-lymphocyte antigen CD20 (called CD20) is known as an activated-glycosylated phosphoprotein which is expressed on the surface of all B-cells. CD20 is involved in the regulation of trans-membrane Ca2+ conductance and also play critical roles in cell-cycle progression during human B cell proliferation and activation. The appearance of monoclonal antibody (mAb) technology provided an effective field for targeted therapy in treatment of a variety of diseases such as cancer, and autoimmune diseases. Anti-CD20 is one of important antibodies which could be employed in treatment of several diseases. Increasing evidences revealed that efficacy of different anti-CD20 antibodies is implicated by their function. Hence, evaluation of anti-CD20 antibodies function could provide and introduce new anti-CD20 based therapies. In the present study, we summarized several applications of anti-CD20 antibodies in various immune related disorders including B-CLL (B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia), rheumatoid arthritis (RA), multiple sclerosis (MS) and melanoma.
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207
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Singh SK, Pokalwar S, Bose S, Gupta S, Almal S, Ranbhor RS. Structural and functional comparability study of anti- CD20 monoclonal antibody with reference product. Biologics 2018; 12:159-170. [PMID: 30538425 PMCID: PMC6257079 DOI: 10.2147/btt.s187744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Background Cell surface protein, CD20, is extensively expressed on the surface of B cells. Antibodies targeting CD20 protein are being used to treat B-cell malignancies and B-cell mediated autoimmune diseases. Considering the cost of therapy with innovator monoclonal antibodies for these diseases, development of biosimilar products for the treatment of such diseases provides affordable solution to rising healthcare costs. Materials and Methods Reference products of rituximab (six batches) were procured and stored as per manufacturer's instructions. Cell lines used in bioassay were procured from American Type Culture Collection and all other reagents used for analysis were of analytical grade. Primary structure was studied by intact mass analysis, peptide fingerprinting, peptide mass fingerprinting and sequence coverage analysis. Higher order structure was studied by circular dichroism, ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy, fluorescence spectroscopy, and disulfide bridge analysis. Different isoforms of reference product and SB-02 were identified using capillary isoelectric focusing and capillary zone electrophoresis. Glycosylation was studied by N-glycan mapping using LC-ESI-MS, point of glycosylation, released glycan analysis using ultra performance liquid chromatography (UPLC). Product related impurities such as oligomer content analysis and oxidized impurities were studied using size exclusion chromatography and reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography, respectively. Results and Conclusion Here, we report physicochemical and biological characterizations of Sun Pharma’s proposed biosimilar (SB-02) to rituximab, a monoclonal anti-CD20 antibody approved for the treatment of non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma and chronic lymphocytic leukemia. SB-02 and rituximab exhibited indistinguishable primary as well as higher-order structure upon analyzing with the array of analytical and extended characterization methods according to statistical methods. The molecule also displayed comparability to reference product in post-translational modifications and charge heterogeneity. In functional bioassays, SB-02 demonstrated comparable potency with respect to reference product. Our results indicate highly similar quality profile between SB-02 and rituximab.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjay Kumar Singh
- Sun Pharmaceutical Industries Limited, Tandalja, Vadodara 390 012, India,
| | - Santosh Pokalwar
- Sun Pharmaceutical Industries Limited, Tandalja, Vadodara 390 012, India,
| | - Sandip Bose
- Sun Pharmaceutical Industries Limited, Tandalja, Vadodara 390 012, India,
| | - Shivika Gupta
- Sun Pharmaceutical Industries Limited, Tandalja, Vadodara 390 012, India,
| | - Suhani Almal
- Sun Pharmaceutical Industries Limited, Tandalja, Vadodara 390 012, India,
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208
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Lim SH, Linton KM, Collins GP, Dhondt J, Caddy J, Rossiter L, Vadher K, Fines K, Rogers LE, Fernando D, Stanton L, Davies AJ, Johnson PWM, Griffiths G. RIVA - a phase IIa study of rituximab and varlilumab in relapsed or refractory B-cell malignancies: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial. Trials 2018; 19:619. [PMID: 30413184 PMCID: PMC6230275 DOI: 10.1186/s13063-018-2996-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2018] [Accepted: 10/16/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Over 12,000 new cases of B-cell malignancies are diagnosed in the UK each year, with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) and follicular lymphoma (FL) being the most common subtypes. Standard frontline therapy consists of immunochemotherapy with a CD20 monoclonal antibody (mAb), such as rituximab, delivered in combination with multi-agent chemotherapy. Despite being considered a treatable and potentially curable cancer, approximately 30% of DLBCL cases will relapse after frontline therapy. Advanced stage FL is incurable and typically has a relapsing and remitting course with a frequent need for re-treatment. Based on supportive preclinical data, we hypothesised that the addition of varlilumab (an anti-CD27 mAb) to rituximab (an anti-CD20 mAb) can improve the rate, depth and duration of the response of rituximab monotherapy in patients with relapsed or refractory B-cell malignancies. METHODS/DESIGN Combination treatment of varlilumab plus rituximab, in two different dosing regimens, is being tested in the RIVA trial. RIVA is a two-stage open-label randomised phase IIa design in up to 40 patients with low- or high-grade relapsed or refractory CD20+ B-cell lymphoma. The study is open to recruitment in the UK. Enrolled patients are randomised 1:1 to two different experimental varlilumab to rituximab combinations. The primary objective is to determine the safety and tolerability of the combination and the anti-tumour activity (response) in relapsed or refractory B-cell malignancies. Secondary objectives will include an evaluation of the duration of the response and overall survival. Tertiary translational objectives include assessment of B-cell depletion, changes in immune effector cell populations, expression of CD27 as a biomarker of response and pharmacokinetic properties. Analyses will not be powered for formal statistical comparisons between treatment arms. DISCUSSION RIVA will determine whether the combination of rituximab and varlilumab in relapsed or refractory B-cell malignancies is active and safe prior to future phase II/III trials. TRIAL REGISTRATION EudraCT, 2017-000302-37. Registered on 16 January 2017. ISRCTN, ISRCTN15025004 . Registered on 16 August 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean H. Lim
- Antibody and Vaccine Group, Centre for Cancer Immunology, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Kim M. Linton
- Division of Cancer Sciences, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Cancer Research Centre, Southampton, UK
| | - Graham P. Collins
- Department of Haematology, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
| | - Joke Dhondt
- Southampton Clinical Trials Unit, Centre for Cancer Immunology, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Joshua Caddy
- Southampton Clinical Trials Unit, Centre for Cancer Immunology, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Liz Rossiter
- Southampton Clinical Trials Unit, Centre for Cancer Immunology, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Karan Vadher
- Southampton Clinical Trials Unit, Centre for Cancer Immunology, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Keira Fines
- Southampton Clinical Trials Unit, Centre for Cancer Immunology, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Laura E. Rogers
- Southampton Clinical Trials Unit, Centre for Cancer Immunology, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Diana Fernando
- Southampton Clinical Trials Unit, Centre for Cancer Immunology, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Louise Stanton
- Southampton Clinical Trials Unit, Centre for Cancer Immunology, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | | | | | - Gareth Griffiths
- Southampton Clinical Trials Unit, Centre for Cancer Immunology, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
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209
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Abstract
Intravascular lymphoma (IVL) is a rare angiotropic large-cell lymphoma in which neoplastic lymphocytes proliferate within the lumina of small blood vessels in the absence of a primary extravascular mass or leukemia. This study included 10 cases of canine IVL restricted to the CNS. Dogs had an average age of 8 years and neurological signs mainly referred to brain involvement such as depression, seizures, and ambulatory deficits. Gross examination at necropsy showed focal extensive or multiple hemorrhagic areas mainly distributed in the telencephalon and diencephalon. Histopathologically, numerous veins and capillaries were filled with neoplastic lymphoid cells, accompanied by edema, hemorrhage, and thrombosis. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) for CD3, CD20, and PAX5 was performed to phenotype the neoplastic lymphocytes. IHC for CD44 and CD29 were used to investigate the pathogenetic mechanism leading to the intravascular aggregation of the neoplastic lymphocytes. The same IHC panel was applied to 8 cases of primary and metastatic canine CNS lymphoma in order to compare IVL immunoreactivity. Three IVLs were typified as T-cell, 3 as B-cell, and 4 as non-T non-B. Neoplastic lymphocytes showed marked expression of CD44 in all IVL cases, and CD29-immunolabeled cells were observed in 4 IVLs. CD44 immunoreactivity was consistent with the findings reported in human IVL, suggesting a predisposition to the formation of lymphocyte aggregates. CD29 was inconsistently immunonegative in canine IVL, confirming only partially the pathogenetic mechanism suggested for the human counterpart.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Carlo Cantile
- 1 Department of Veterinary Science, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
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210
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Chen X, Zhang Z, Yang S, Chen H, Wang D, Li J. All-trans retinoic acid-encapsulated, CD20 antibody-conjugated poly(lactic- co-glycolic acid) nanoparticles effectively target and eliminate melanoma-initiating cells in vitro. Onco Targets Ther 2018; 11:6177-6187. [PMID: 30288053 PMCID: PMC6163018 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s169957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Melanoma, which is initiated from melanocytes, is the most fatal type of skin cancer. Melanoma-initiating cells significantly contribute to the initiation, metastasis, and recurrence of melanoma, and CD20 is a marker of melanoma-initiating cells. All-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) has been demonstrated to induce differentiation, inhibit proliferation, and promote the apoptosis of cancer cells and cancer-initiating cells (CICs). However, there has been no report on ATRA activity against melanoma-initiating cells. In this study, we examined the activity of ATRA against melanoma-initiating cells and developed ATRA-encapsulated poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) nanoparticles, which were conjugated with a CD20 antibody (ATRA-PNP-CD20) for targeted delivery of ATRA to CD20+ melanoma-initiating cells. Materials and methods The effects of ATRA and ATRA-PNP-CD20 against melanoma-initiating cells were investigated using a cytotoxicity assay, tumorsphere formation assay, and flow cytometry. Results ATRA-PNP-CD20 had a size of 126.9 nm and a negative zeta potential. The drug-loading capacity of ATRA-PNP-CD20 was 8.7%, and ATRA-PNP-CD20 displayed a sustained release of ATRA for 144 hours. The results showed that ATRA-PNP-CD20 could effectively and specifically deliver ATRA to CD20+ melanoma-initiating cells, achieving superior inhibitory effects against CD20+ melanoma-initiating cells compared with those of free ATRA and nontargeted nanoparticles. To the best of our knowledge, we report for the first time a potent activity of ATRA against CD20+ melanoma-initiating cells, targeted drug delivery of ATRA via nanoparticles to melanoma-initiating cells, and the achievement of a superior inhibitory effect against melanoma-initiating cells by using a CD20 antibody. Conclusion ATRA-PNP-CD20 represents a promising tool for eliminating melanoma-initiating cells and shows a potential for the therapy of melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingyu Chen
- Department of Dermatology and Venerology, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, 250000, China, .,Department of Dermatology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao, Shandong 266011, China,
| | - Zhiyuan Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Liaocheng People's Hospital, Liaocheng, Shandong 252000, China
| | - Shengfeng Yang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Qingdao Center Hospital, Qingdao, Shandong 266011, China
| | - Hairong Chen
- Department of Dermatology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao, Shandong 266011, China,
| | - Dan Wang
- Department of Ultrasound, Liaocheng People's Hospital, Liaocheng, Shandong 252000, China
| | - Jun Li
- College of Pharmacy, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, Shandong 252000, China,
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211
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Casan JML, Wong J, Northcott MJ, Opat S. Anti- CD20 monoclonal antibodies: reviewing a revolution. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2018; 14:2820-2841. [PMID: 30096012 PMCID: PMC6343614 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2018.1508624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2018] [Revised: 07/14/2018] [Accepted: 08/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Since the inception of rituximab in the 1990s, anti-CD20 monoclonal antibodies have revolutionised the treatment of B cell hematological malignancies and have become a cornerstone of modern gold-standard practice. Additionally, the potent efficacy of these agents in depleting the B cell compartment has been used in the management of a broad array of autoimmune diseases. Multiple iterations of these agents have been investigated and are routinely used in clinical practice. In this review, we will discuss the physiology of CD20 and its attractiveness as a therapeutic target, as well as the pharmacology, pre-clinical and clinical data for the major anti-CD20 monoclonal antibodies: rituximab, obinutuzumab and ofatumumab.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. M. L. Casan
- Haematology Department, Monash Health, Melbourne Australia
| | - J. Wong
- Haematology Department, Monash Health, Melbourne Australia
| | - M. J. Northcott
- Rheumatology Department, Monash Health, Melbourne, Australia
- School of Clinical Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - S. Opat
- Haematology Department, Monash Health, Melbourne Australia
- School of Clinical Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
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212
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Payandeh Z, Rajabibazl M, Mortazavi Y, Rahimpour A, Taromchi AH, Dastmalchi S. Affinity maturation and characterization of the ofatumumab monoclonal antibody. J Cell Biochem 2018; 120:940-950. [PMID: 30160776 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.27457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2018] [Accepted: 07/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
CD20 molecule, a phosphoprotein with 297 amino acids and four transmembrane domains, is a member of MS4A protein family. Anti-CD20 antibodies such as ofatumumab, which have been developed for cancer treatment and has demonstrated efficacy in relapsed/refractory chronic lymphocytic leukemia, are among the most successful therapies to date. Rational engineering methods can be applied with reasonable success to improve functional characteristics of antibodies. Considering the importance of this issue, we have used in silico modeling approach for the improvement of ofatumumab monoclonal antibody. Four mutated variants of ofatumumab were developed and expressed in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells along with the unmodified antibody. Analysis of affinity of the purified antibodies with CD20 showed significant improvement in antigen-binding characteristics of one of the variants compared with the control antibody. This study represents the first step toward development of the second generation ofatumumab antibody with improved affinity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Payandeh
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Nanotechnology, Faculty of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Masoumeh Rajabibazl
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Sciences, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Yousef Mortazavi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Nanotechnology, Faculty of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran.,Cancer Gene Therapy Research Center, Department of Medical Biotechnology and Nanotechnology Faculty of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Azam Rahimpour
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Sciences, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amir Hossein Taromchi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Nanotechnology, Faculty of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran.,Cancer Gene Therapy Research Center, Department of Medical Biotechnology and Nanotechnology Faculty of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Siavoush Dastmalchi
- Biotechnology Research Center, Department of Medicinal chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Near East University, Nicosia, North Cyprus, Mersin, Turkey
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213
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Nakagun S, Horiuchi N, Watanabe K, Matsumoto K, Tagawa M, Shimbo G, Kobayashi Y. CD3 and CD20 co-expression in a case of canine peripheral T-cell lymphoma with prominent cardiac and peripheral nerve involvement. J Vet Diagn Invest 2018; 30:779-783. [PMID: 30129396 DOI: 10.1177/1040638718794765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
An 8-y 9-mo-old male Pug dog was presented because of anorexia, hindlimb ataxia, vomiting, and progressive weight loss. Clinical examinations revealed atrophic hindlimb muscles with decreased postural reaction, enlargement of the cardiac silhouette and megaesophagus on radiograph, and reduced cardiac contractility on ultrasonography. The dog died 10 d after the initial examination, and an autopsy was performed. Grossly, the heart was enlarged, with multifocal-to-coalescing extensive plaque-like areas of discoloration on the epicardial surface. On cross-section, the ventricles were moderately dilated, and discoloration extended into the myocardium. Peripheral lymph nodes were of normal size. Histologically, atypical lymphoid cells replaced the myocardium and also extensively infiltrated peripheral nerve bundles in various organs. With immunohistochemistry, the neoplastic cells exhibited strong immunoreactivity for CD3 and CD20, and were negative for CD8, granzyme B, CD79α, and Pax5. Double-label immunofluorescence confirmed co-expression of CD3 and CD20 by the neoplastic cells. Molecular clonality analysis presented a clonal T-cell receptor gamma gene rearrangement. The case was diagnosed as a CD3+/CD20+ peripheral T-cell lymphoma with prominent cardiac and peripheral nerve involvement, indicating neurolymphomatosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shotaro Nakagun
- Sections of Pathology (Nakagun, Horiuchi, Watanabe, Kobayashi), Department of Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido, Japan.,Small Animal Clinical Sciences (Matsumoto, Tagawa, Shimbo), Department of Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Noriyuki Horiuchi
- Sections of Pathology (Nakagun, Horiuchi, Watanabe, Kobayashi), Department of Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido, Japan.,Small Animal Clinical Sciences (Matsumoto, Tagawa, Shimbo), Department of Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Kenichi Watanabe
- Sections of Pathology (Nakagun, Horiuchi, Watanabe, Kobayashi), Department of Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido, Japan.,Small Animal Clinical Sciences (Matsumoto, Tagawa, Shimbo), Department of Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Kotaro Matsumoto
- Sections of Pathology (Nakagun, Horiuchi, Watanabe, Kobayashi), Department of Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido, Japan.,Small Animal Clinical Sciences (Matsumoto, Tagawa, Shimbo), Department of Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Michihito Tagawa
- Sections of Pathology (Nakagun, Horiuchi, Watanabe, Kobayashi), Department of Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido, Japan.,Small Animal Clinical Sciences (Matsumoto, Tagawa, Shimbo), Department of Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Genya Shimbo
- Sections of Pathology (Nakagun, Horiuchi, Watanabe, Kobayashi), Department of Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido, Japan.,Small Animal Clinical Sciences (Matsumoto, Tagawa, Shimbo), Department of Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Yoshiyasu Kobayashi
- Sections of Pathology (Nakagun, Horiuchi, Watanabe, Kobayashi), Department of Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido, Japan.,Small Animal Clinical Sciences (Matsumoto, Tagawa, Shimbo), Department of Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido, Japan
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214
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Zou Y, Luo W, Guo J, Luo Q, Deng M, Lu Z, Fang Y, Zhang CC. NK cell-mediated anti-leukemia cytotoxicity is enhanced using a NKG2D ligand MICA and anti- CD20 scfv chimeric protein. Eur J Immunol 2018; 48:1750-1763. [PMID: 30063799 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201847550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2018] [Revised: 07/06/2018] [Accepted: 07/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
NK cells are important innate cytotoxic lymphocytes that have potential in treatment of leukemia. Engagement of NKG2D receptor on NK cells enhances the target cytotoxicity. Here, we produced a fusion protein consisting of the extracellular domain of the NKG2D ligand MICA and the anti-CD20 single-chain variable fragment (scfv). This recombinant protein is capable of binding both NK cells and CD20+ tumor cells. Using a human NKG2D reporter cell system we developed, we showed that this fusion protein could decorate CD20+ tumor cells with MICA extracellular domain and activate NK through NKG2D. We further demonstrated that this protein could specifically induce the ability of a NK cell line (NKL) and primary NK cells to lyse CD20+ leukemia cells. Moreover, we found that downregulation of surface HLA class I expression in the target cells improved NKL-mediated killing. Our results demonstrated that this recombinant protein specifically lyses leukemia cells by NK cells, which may lead to development of a novel strategy for treating leukemia and other tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yizhou Zou
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Weiguang Luo
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Department of Physiology, UT Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Jing Guo
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Qizhi Luo
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Mi Deng
- Department of Physiology, UT Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Zhigang Lu
- Department of Physiology, UT Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Yi Fang
- Department of Physiology, UT Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Cheng Cheng Zhang
- Department of Physiology, UT Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, TX, USA
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215
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Abstract
The treatment of leukemia/lymphoma by chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) redirected T cells with specificity for CD19 induced complete remissions in the majority of patients, with a realistic hope for cure. However, recent follow-up data revealed a substantial risk of relapse through leukemic cells that lack the CAR targeted antigen. In this situation, a bispecific CAR with binding domains for CD19 and CD20 is aimed at recognizing leukemic cells with only one cognate antigen. The anti-CD20-CD19 bispecific CAR induced a full T-cell response upon engagement of CD19 or CD20 on target cells showing a true "OR" gate recognition in redirecting T-cell activation. T cells with the anti-CD20-CD19 CAR efficiently killed patients' chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells in vitro. The bispecific CAR T cells cleared pediatric acute lymphocytic leukemia with a mixed CD19+CD20+/CD20- phenotype from the blood and bone marrow of transplanted mice, while anti-CD20 CAR T cells left CD20- leukemic cells behind without curing the disease. Data indicate the superior anti-leukemic activity in the control of leukemia, implying that the anti-CD20-CD19 bispecific CAR T cells may reduce the risk of relapse through antigen-loss leukemic cells in the long term.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Martyniszyn
- 1 Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, and Deparment I for Internal Medicine, University Hospital Cologne , Cologne, Germany
| | - Ann-Christin Krahl
- 2 Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University Children's Hospital, Eberhard Karls University , Tübingen, Germany
| | - Maya C André
- 2 Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University Children's Hospital, Eberhard Karls University , Tübingen, Germany.,3 Deparment of Pediatric Intensive Care, University Children's Hospital , Basel, Switzerland
| | - Andreas A Hombach
- 1 Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, and Deparment I for Internal Medicine, University Hospital Cologne , Cologne, Germany
| | - Hinrich Abken
- 1 Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, and Deparment I for Internal Medicine, University Hospital Cologne , Cologne, Germany
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216
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Fenoglio R, Sciascia S, Beltrame G, Mesiano P, Ferro M, Quattrocchio G, Menegatti E, Roccatello D. Rituximab as a front-line therapy for adult-onset minimal change disease with nephrotic syndrome. Oncotarget 2018; 9:28799-28804. [PMID: 29989000 PMCID: PMC6034752 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.25612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2017] [Accepted: 05/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Minimal change disease (MCD) accounts for 15% of adult nephrotic syndrome (NS) cases. Adult-MCD patients may have more severe clinical features than pediatric patients. In children, Rituximab (RTX) has been used since 2006 to treat frequently relapsing NS. In adults, data about the efficacy of RTX for MCD are limited. We report our experience on the use of RTX in adult biopsy-proven MCD. Our series includes 6 adult patients (2 males and 4 females), age 45–73 years, treated with RTX (4 weekly doses of 375 mg/m2). Proteinuria decreased from 11,2 (23–4.8) g/24 hours to 0.6 (0–2) g/24 hours after 6 months, and to 0.4 (0–1, 4) g/24 h in the 4 pts with the longer follow-up. Creatinine decreased from 1.95 (0.5–5) mg/dl to 0.88 (0.6–1.3) mg/l. Five patients achieved a complete renal remission, while in 1 pt proteinuria decreased by 75%. RTX successfully depleted CD19 lymphocytes in 100% of pts for at least 6 months. No clinically relevant adverse events have been observed. This case series shows a remarkable efficacy of RTX in treatment of MCD. RTX can be an attractive alternative both in recurrent forms and in induction-therapy of MCD. RTX may be preferentially used in patients at a high risk of development of the adverse effects of corticosteroids and should be considered as an alternative option in patients with recurrent NS. Additional data are needed to inform clinical practice on how best to use RTX in this patient population, so that definitive randomized trials can be planned.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Fenoglio
- Nephrology and Dialysis Unit, S. Giovanni Bosco Hospital and University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Savino Sciascia
- Nephrology and Dialysis Unit, S. Giovanni Bosco Hospital and University of Turin, Turin, Italy.,Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, Center of Research of Immunopathology and Rare Diseases, Coordinating Center of the Network for Rare Diseases of Piedmont and Aosta Valley, Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Giulietta Beltrame
- Nephrology and Dialysis Unit, S. Giovanni Bosco Hospital and University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Paola Mesiano
- Nephrology and Dialysis Unit, S. Giovanni Bosco Hospital and University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Michela Ferro
- Nephrology and Dialysis Unit, S. Giovanni Bosco Hospital and University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Giacomo Quattrocchio
- Nephrology and Dialysis Unit, S. Giovanni Bosco Hospital and University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Elisa Menegatti
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, Center of Research of Immunopathology and Rare Diseases, Coordinating Center of the Network for Rare Diseases of Piedmont and Aosta Valley, Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Dario Roccatello
- Nephrology and Dialysis Unit, S. Giovanni Bosco Hospital and University of Turin, Turin, Italy.,Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, Center of Research of Immunopathology and Rare Diseases, Coordinating Center of the Network for Rare Diseases of Piedmont and Aosta Valley, Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
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217
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Sun W, Zhang N, Zhang Y, Shao Z, Gong L, Wei W. Immunophenotypes and clinical features of lymphocytes in the labial gland of primary Sjogren's syndrome patients. J Clin Lab Anal 2018; 32:e22585. [PMID: 29923220 PMCID: PMC6282844 DOI: 10.1002/jcla.22585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2018] [Accepted: 05/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To investigate consistency of lymphocyte immunophenotype between labial gland and peripheral blood in patients with primary Sjogren's syndrome (pSS). Methods Seventy‐one pSS patients and 35 patients with maxillofacial trauma were included in the study. Based on the ratio of CD20 to CD3 in labial gland from 71 pSS patients, they were divided into the high and (n = 48) and low CD20 expression group (n = 23). Lymphocyte immunophenotypes in labial glands, course of disease, erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), C‐reactive protein, immunoglobulin, and complement levels were analyzed. Results In the labial gland, the levels of IgG, IgA, IgM, and C3c were higher, but C1q was lower in the pSS group than in the control group (all P < .05). CD20 was detected in labial gland samples of all pSS patients, in which CD3 was positive in 66 (93.0%) patients, and negative in 5 (7.0%). The plasma levels of IgG, IgA, IgM, and CRP, and ESR were higher, but serum C4 level was lower in pSS patients than in the control group (all P < .01). Serum IgG level, ESR, and labial gland CD20 were higher in the high CD20 expression group than the low expression group (all P < .05). Conclusion Primary Sjogren's syndrome patients had a higher expression of CD20 positive infiltrating lymphocytes of the labial gland, accompanied with the changes of immunoglobulins, and complements in both the labial gland and peripheral blood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenwen Sun
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Na Zhang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Yujie Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Zonghong Shao
- Department of Hematology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Lu Gong
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Wei Wei
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
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218
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Arias-Pulido H, Cimino-Mathews A, Chaher N, Qualls C, Joste N, Colpaert C, Marotti JD, Foisey M, Prossnitz ER, Emens LA, Fiering S. The combined presence of CD20 + B cells and PD-L1 + tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes in inflammatory breast cancer is prognostic of improved patient outcome. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2018; 171:273-82. [PMID: 29858752 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-018-4834-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2018] [Accepted: 05/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of the study was to evaluate protein expression of PD-L1 and CD20 as prognostic biomarkers of patient outcome in inflammatory breast cancer (IBC) samples. METHODS PD-L1 and CD20 protein expression was measured by immunohistochemistry in 221 pretreatment IBC biopsies. PD-L1 was assessed in tumor cells (PD-L1+ tumor cells) and tumor stromal infiltrating lymphocytes (PD-L1+ TILs); CD20 was scored in tumor-infiltrating B cells. Kaplan-Meier curves and Cox proportional hazard models were used for survival analysis. RESULTS PD-L1+ tumor cells, PD-L1+ TILs, and CD20+ TILs were found in 8%, 66%, and 62% of IBC, respectively. PD-L1+ tumor cells strongly correlated with high TILs, pathological complete response (pCR), CD20+ TILs, but marginally with breast cancer-specific survival (BCSS, P = 0.057). PD-L1+ TILs strongly correlated with high TILs, CD20+ TILs, and longer disease-free survival (DFS) in all IBC and in triple-negative (TN) IBC (P < 0.035). IBC and TN IBC patients with tumors containing both CD20+ TILs and PD-L1+ TILs (CD20+TILs/PD-L1+TILs) showed longer DFS and improved BCSS (P < 0.002) than patients lacking both, or those with either CD20+ TILs or PD-L1+ TILs alone. In multivariate analyses, CD20+TILs/PD-L1+TILs status was an independent prognostic factor for DFS in IBC (hazard ratio (HR): 0.53, 95% CI 0.37-0.77) and TN IBC (HR: 0.39 95% CI 0.17-0.88), and for BCSS in IBC (HR: 0.60 95% CI 0.43-0.85) and TN IBC (HR: 0.38 95% CI 0.17-0.83). CONCLUSION CD20+TILs/PD-L1+TILs status represents an independent favorable prognostic factor in IBC and TN IBC, suggesting a critical role for B cells in antitumor immune responses. Anti-PD-1/PD-L1 and B cell-activating immunotherapies should be explored in these settings.
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219
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Husar E, Solonets M, Kuhlmann O, Schick E, Piper-Lepoutre H, Singer T, Tyagi G. Hypersensitivity Reactions to Obinutuzumab in Cynomolgus Monkeys and Relevance to Humans. Toxicol Pathol 2018; 45:676-686. [PMID: 28830332 DOI: 10.1177/0192623317723539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Obinutuzumab (GA101, Gazyva™, Gazyvaro®, F. Hoffmann-La Roche AG, Basel, Switzerland) is a humanized, glycoengineered type II antibody targeted against CD20. The preclinical safety evaluation required to support clinical development and marketing authorization of obinutuzumab included repeat-dose toxicity studies in cynomolgus monkeys for up to 6-month dosing with a 9-month recovery period. Results from those studies showed decreases in circulating B cells and corresponding B-cell depletion in lymphoid tissues, consistent with the desired pharmacology of obinutuzumab. Hypersensitivity reactions were noted at all doses in the 6-month study and were attributed to the foreign recognition of the drug construct in cynomolgus monkeys. Findings in monkeys were classified as acute hypersensitivity reactions that were evident immediately after dosing, such as excessive salivation, erythema, pruritus, irregular respiration, or ataxia, or chronic hypersensitivity reactions characterized by glomerulonephritis, arteritis/periarteritis, and inflammation in several tissues including serosal/adventitial inflammation. Immune complex deposits were demonstrated in tissues by immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence, and electron microscopy. Some of, but not all, the animals that developed these reactions had detectable antidrug antibodies or circulating immune complexes accompanied by loss of drug exposure and pharmacodynamic effect. On the basis of clinical evidence to date, hypersensitivity reactions following obinutuzumab are rare, further supporting the general view that incidence and manifestation of immunogenicity in nonclinical species are generally not predictive for humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth Husar
- 1 Pharmaceutical Sciences, Roche Innovation Center Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Maria Solonets
- 2 Safety Science, F. Hoffmann-La Roche, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Olaf Kuhlmann
- 1 Pharmaceutical Sciences, Roche Innovation Center Basel, Basel, Switzerland.,3 Boehringer Ingelheim, Ingelheim, Germany
| | - Eginhard Schick
- 1 Pharmaceutical Sciences, Roche Innovation Center Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Thomas Singer
- 1 Pharmaceutical Sciences, Roche Innovation Center Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Gaurav Tyagi
- 4 Pharmaceutical Sciences, Roche Innovation Center New York, New York, New York, USA
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220
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Kurahashi H, Kawabata Y, Michishita Y, Kitabayashi A, Kobayashi T, Kitadate A, Takahashi N. [Durable remission attained with rituximab therapy in a patient with acquired von Willebrand syndrome associated with CD20-positive lymphoproliferative disorder]. Rinsho Ketsueki 2018; 59:420-425. [PMID: 29743402 DOI: 10.11406/rinketsu.59.420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
A 61-year-old female with no history of bleeding was admitted to our hospital owing to persistent bleeding after the left knee joint injection and activated partial thromboplastin time prolongation. Subsequent coagulation tests revealed a critically declined level of the von Willebrand factor (VWF) antigen (<10%) and activity (<10%) measurement besides a significantly declined factor VIII activity (4%). Despite diagnosing her with acquired von Willebrand syndrome (AvWS) and managing her bleeding with desmopressin acetate hydrate (DDAVP), we could not precisely make a definitive diagnosis the underlying disorder. More than 15 months after the onset of AvWS, CD20-positive atypical lymphocytes appeared in the peripheral blood and bone marrow without systemic lymphadenopathy. We initiated rituximab monotherapy eight times a week for CD20-positive lymphoproliferative disorders. The treatment not only caused the disappearance of the clonal expansion of CD20-positive atypical lymphocytes in both peripheral blood and bone marrow but also exhibited the clinical remission of AvWS. In addition, the maintenance therapy with rituximab every 3 months resulted in the durable remission of over 5 years. AvWS is a rare bleeding disorder, similar to von Willebrand disease, which arises from various underlying diseases. Our experience with this case highlights that rituximab proved to be one of the effective and well-tolerated treatment options for AvWS associated with CD20-positive B-cell lymphoproliferative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Takahiro Kobayashi
- Department of Hematology, Nephrology, and Rheumatology, Akita University
| | - Akihiro Kitadate
- Department of Hematology, Nephrology, and Rheumatology, Akita University
| | - Naoto Takahashi
- Department of Hematology, Nephrology, and Rheumatology, Akita University
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221
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Lohse S, Loew S, Kretschmer A, Jansen JHM, Meyer S, Ten Broeke T, Rösner T, Dechant M, Derer S, Klausz K, Kellner C, Schwanbeck R, French RR, Tipton TRW, Cragg MS, Schewe DM, Peipp M, Leusen JHW, Valerius T. Effector mechanisms of IgA antibodies against CD20 include recruitment of myeloid cells for antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity and complement-dependent cytotoxicity. Br J Haematol 2018; 181:413-417. [PMID: 28449349 DOI: 10.1111/bjh.14624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2016] [Accepted: 12/31/2016] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Lohse
- Division of Stem Cell Transplantation and Immunotherapy, Department of Internal Medicine II, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Sebastian Loew
- Division of Stem Cell Transplantation and Immunotherapy, Department of Internal Medicine II, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Anna Kretschmer
- Division of Stem Cell Transplantation and Immunotherapy, Department of Internal Medicine II, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - J H Marco Jansen
- Laboratory of Translational Immunology, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Saskia Meyer
- Laboratory of Translational Immunology, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Toine Ten Broeke
- Laboratory of Translational Immunology, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Thies Rösner
- Division of Stem Cell Transplantation and Immunotherapy, Department of Internal Medicine II, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Michael Dechant
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine IV, Elblandklinikum Riesa, Riesa, Germany
| | - Stefanie Derer
- Division of Stem Cell Transplantation and Immunotherapy, Department of Internal Medicine II, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Katja Klausz
- Division of Stem Cell Transplantation and Immunotherapy, Department of Internal Medicine II, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Christian Kellner
- Division of Stem Cell Transplantation and Immunotherapy, Department of Internal Medicine II, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Ralf Schwanbeck
- Division of Stem Cell Transplantation and Immunotherapy, Department of Internal Medicine II, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Ruth R French
- Antibody and Vaccine Group, Cancer Sciences Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Southampton University Hospitals, Southampton, UK
| | - Thomas R W Tipton
- Antibody and Vaccine Group, Cancer Sciences Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Southampton University Hospitals, Southampton, UK
| | - Mark S Cragg
- Antibody and Vaccine Group, Cancer Sciences Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Southampton University Hospitals, Southampton, UK
| | - Denis M Schewe
- Department of Paediatrics, Paediatric Haematology/Oncology, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Matthias Peipp
- Division of Stem Cell Transplantation and Immunotherapy, Department of Internal Medicine II, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Jeanette H W Leusen
- Laboratory of Translational Immunology, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Thomas Valerius
- Division of Stem Cell Transplantation and Immunotherapy, Department of Internal Medicine II, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
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Ikuse T, Ohtsuka Y, Obayashi N, Jimbo K, Aoyagi Y, Kudo T, Asaoka D, Hojo M, Nagahara A, Watanabe S, Blanchard TG, Czinn SJ, Shimizu T. Host response genes associated with nodular gastritis in Helicobacter pylori infection. Pediatr Int 2018; 60:446-454. [PMID: 29415337 DOI: 10.1111/ped.13527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2017] [Revised: 12/19/2017] [Accepted: 02/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic Helicobacter pylori infection in children induces lymphoid hyperplasia called nodular gastritis (NG) at the antral gastric mucosa. The aim of this study was to evaluate genes in gastric biopsy on microarray analysis, to identify molecules associated with NG on comparison with NG-negative pediatric corpus tissue and with H. pylori-infected adult tissue with atrophic gastritis (AG). METHODS Eight pediatric and six adult H. pylori-infected patients, as well as six pediatric and six adult uninfected patients were evaluated. All infected adults had AG. NG was observed in the antrum of all eight pediatric patients and in the corpus of three patients. Adult and uninfected patients were free of NG; that is, only pediatric H. pylori-infected patients had NG. Total RNA was purified from gastric biopsy, and microarray analysis was performed to compare gene expression between groups. The three infected children with NG in both the antrum and corpus were excluded from analysis of corpus samples. RESULTS The number of genes significantly up- or downregulated (fold change >3, P < 0.01) compared with uninfected controls varied widely: 72 in pediatric antrum, 45 in pediatric corpus, 103 in adult antrum and 71 in adult corpus. Nineteen genes had significantly altered expression in the antrum of NG tissue compared with NG-negative pediatric corpus tissue and adult AG tissue. The CD20 B-cell specific differentiation antigen had the most pronounced increase. Previously described regulators of NG development were not predominantly upregulated in the NG mucosa. CONCLUSIONS CD20 overexpression may play an important role in lymphoid follicle enlargement and NG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamaki Ikuse
- Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Yoshikazu Ohtsuka
- Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naho Obayashi
- Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Keisuke Jimbo
- Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yo Aoyagi
- Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takahiro Kudo
- Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Daisuke Asaoka
- Department of Gastroenterology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mariko Hojo
- Department of Gastroenterology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akihito Nagahara
- Department of Gastroenterology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Sumio Watanabe
- Department of Gastroenterology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Thomas G Blanchard
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Steven J Czinn
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Toshiaki Shimizu
- Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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Shanehbandi D, Majidi J, Kazemi T, Baradaran B, Aghebati-Maleki L. Cloning and molecular characterization of the cDNAs encoding the variable regions of an anti- CD20 monoclonal antibody. Hum Antibodies 2018; 26:1-6. [PMID: 28269762 DOI: 10.3233/hab-170314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND CD20-based targeting of B-cells in hematologic malignancies and autoimmune disorders is associated with outstanding clinical outcomes. Isolation and characterization of VH and VL cDNAs encoding the variable regions of the heavy and light chains of monoclonal antibodies (MAb) is necessary to produce next generation MAbs and their derivatives such as bispecific antibodies (bsAb) and single-chain variable fragments (scFv). OBJECTIVE This study was aimed at cloning and characterization of the VH and VL cDNAs from a hybridoma cell line producing an anti-CD20 MAb. METHODS VH and VL fragments were amplified, cloned and characterized. Furthermore, amino acid sequences of VH, VL and corresponding complementarity-determining regions (CDR) were determined and compared with those of four approved MAbs including Rituximab (RTX), Ibritumomab tiuxetan, Ofatumumab and GA101. RESULTS The cloned VH and VL cDNAs were found to be functional and follow a consensus pattern. Amino acid sequences corresponding to the VH and VL fragments also indicated noticeable homologies to those of RTX and Ibritumomab. Furthermore, amino acid sequences of the relating CDRs had remarkable similarities to their counterparts in RTX and Ibritumomab. CONCLUSIONS Successful recovery of VH and VL fragments encourages the development of novel CD20 targeting bsAbs, scFvs, antibody conjugates and T-cells armed with chimeric antigen receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dariush Shanehbandi
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Jafar Majidi
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Tohid Kazemi
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Behzad Baradaran
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Leili Aghebati-Maleki
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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Nielsen PS, Riber-Hansen R, Steiniche T. Immunohistochemical CD271 expression correlates with melanoma progress in a case-control study. Pathology 2018; 50:402-410. [PMID: 29678478 DOI: 10.1016/j.pathol.2017.12.340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2017] [Revised: 12/01/2017] [Accepted: 12/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Putative cancer stem cell (CSC) markers have arisen from melanoma mouse and in vitro models, but their expression in paraffin embedded patient samples relative to clinical outcome remains largely unexplored. Rather than cells of the tumour bulk, conceivably, CSC drive tumour progression. Accordingly, complete eradication may prevent melanoma relapse. Because elevated tumour-cell proliferation is an established indicator of aggressive disease, this study aimed to investigate the correlation between melanoma recurrence and proliferation of putative CSC that express CD271, CD166, or CD20. Additionally, the expression of these markers was studied in naevi, melanomas, and their recurrence. In melanoma patients, 30 with relapse (cases) and 30 without (controls) were matched for tumour thickness, ulceration, Clark level, subtype, site, gender, and age. One paraffin-embedded section of the patients' primary melanoma (n = 60), relapse (n = 21), and naevus (n = 17) were immunohistochemically double-stained for Ki-67/MART1 and single-stained for CD271, CD166, and CD20. Their whole slide images were aligned as virtual quadruple stains. Image analysis established proliferation indices of each putative stem cell marker and the tumour bulk in addition to the markers' percentage level in tumour areas and the epidermis. In cases vs controls, median dermal proliferation indices (no./mm2) were 211 vs 103 (p = 0.04) for CD271, 512 vs 227 (p = 0.3) for CD166, 184 vs 97 (p = 0.3) for CD20, and 95 vs 103 (p = 0.6) for the tumour bulk. Of additional interest, epidermal CD271+ keratinocytes totalled 8.8% in naevi and 0.98% in melanomas (p = 0.0007). Even though differences between naevi and melanomas also were observed for CD166 in both the epidermis (p = 0.002) and dermis (p = 0.006), they were visually less apparent. CD20+MART1+ cells were absent in half of the melanomas, and all naevi and relapses. In conclusion, high levels of CD271+Ki-67+MART1+ cells were linked to melanoma relapse as opposed to common Ki-67 indices in this particular case-control study. With further investigation, such cells could be potential targets of therapy. Especially, loss of epidermal CD271+ keratinocytes seemed necessary for melanoma development; hence, identification may serve as a diagnostic tool with additional research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Switten Nielsen
- Department of Pathology, Aarhus University Hospital, Palle Juul-Jensens Boulevard 99, DK-8200 Aarhus N, Denmark.
| | - Rikke Riber-Hansen
- Department of Pathology, Aarhus University Hospital, Palle Juul-Jensens Boulevard 99, DK-8200 Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - Torben Steiniche
- Department of Pathology, Aarhus University Hospital, Palle Juul-Jensens Boulevard 99, DK-8200 Aarhus N, Denmark
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225
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Li B, Xu L, Tao F, Xie K, Wu Z, Li Y, Li J, Chen K, Pi C, Mendelsohn A, Larrick JW, Gu H, Fang J. Simultaneous exposure to FcγR and FcαR on monocytes and macrophages enhances antitumor activity in vivo. Oncotarget 2018; 8:39356-39366. [PMID: 28454118 PMCID: PMC5503618 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.17000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2016] [Accepted: 03/11/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Therapeutic antibodies are effective for tumor immunotherapy and exhibit prominent clinical effects. All approved antibody therapeutics utilize IgG as the molecular format. Antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) is a key mechanism for tumor cell killing by antibodies. For IgG antibodies, ADCC depends on FcγR-expressing cells, such as natural killer (NK) cells. However, in patients with a high tumor burden, antibody therapeutics may lose efficacy owing to exhaustion of FcγR-expressing effector cells as well as the inhibitory effects of certain FcγRs on effector cells. To achieve more potent effector functions, we engineered an anti-CD20 antibody to contain both IgG Fc and IgA Fc domains. These engineered antibodies interacted with both IgG and IgA Fc receptors (FcγR and FcαR) and recruited a broader range of effector cells, including monocytes, macrophages, neutrophils, and NK cells, thereby enhancing antibody-dependent cellular phagocytosis. Using transgenic mice expressing the FcαRI (CD89) in macrophages, we demonstrated that recombinant antibodies bearing the chimeric IgG and IgA Fc exhibited potent in vivo antitumor activity. Additionally, in a short-term peritoneal model using CD20-transfected LLC target cells, the in vivo cytotoxic activity of hybrid recombinant antibodies was mediated by macrophages with significant reduction in the absence of FcαRI. Our findings supported targeting of FcαRI on monocytes and macrophages for improved tumor immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingyu Li
- School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lijun Xu
- School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Fei Tao
- School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Kun Xie
- School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhiqiang Wu
- School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - You Li
- School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Li
- School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Kaiming Chen
- School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chenyu Pi
- School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | | | | | - Hua Gu
- School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianmin Fang
- School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Tongji Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, China.,Tongji University Suzhou Institute, Suzhou, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
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226
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Scialdone A, Hasni MS, Damm JK, Lennartsson A, Gullberg U, Drott K. The HDAC inhibitor valproate induces a bivalent status of the CD20 promoter in CLL patients suggesting distinct epigenetic regulation of CD20 expression in CLL in vivo. Oncotarget 2018; 8:37409-37422. [PMID: 28445158 PMCID: PMC5514918 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.16964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2016] [Accepted: 03/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Treatment with anti-CD20 antibodies is only moderately efficient in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), a feature which has been explained by the inherently low CD20 expression in CLL. It has been shown that CD20 is epigenetically regulated and that histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACis) can increase CD20 expression in vitro in CLL. To assess whether HDACis can upregulate CD20 also in vivo in CLL, the HDACi valproate was given to three del13q/NOTCH1wt CLL patients and CD20 levels were analysed (the PREVAIL study). Valproate treatment resulted in expected global activating histone modifications suggesting HDAC inhibitory effects. However, although valproate induced expression of CD20 mRNA and protein in the del13q/NOTCH1wt I83-E95 CLL cell line, no such effects were observed in the patients studied. In contrast to the cell line, in patients valproate treatment resulted in transient recruitment of the transcriptional repressor EZH2 to the CD20 promoter, correlating to an increase of the repressive histone mark H3K27me3. This suggests that valproate-mediated induction of CD20 may be hampered by EZH2 mediated H3K27me3 in vivo in CLL. Moreover, valproate treatment resulted in induction of EZH2 and global H3K27me3 in patient cells, suggesting transcriptionally repressive effects of valproate in CLL. Our results suggest new in vivo mechanisms of HDACis which may have implications on the design of future clinical trials in B-cell malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annarita Scialdone
- Department of Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | | | - Jesper Kofoed Damm
- Department of Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Andreas Lennartsson
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Urban Gullberg
- Department of Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Kristina Drott
- Department of Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.,Clinic of Oncology, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
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227
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Forsthuber TG, Cimbora DM, Ratchford JN, Katz E, Stüve O. B cell-based therapies in CNS autoimmunity: differentiating CD19 and CD20 as therapeutic targets. Ther Adv Neurol Disord 2018; 11:1756286418761697. [PMID: 29593838 PMCID: PMC5865455 DOI: 10.1177/1756286418761697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2017] [Accepted: 02/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Increasing recognition of the role of B cells in the adaptive immune response makes B cells an important therapeutic target in autoimmunity. Numerous current and developmental immunotherapies target B cells for elimination through recognition of cell-surface proteins expressed specifically on B cells, in particular CD19 and CD20. Similarities and differences in the function and expression of these two molecules predict some shared, and some distinct, pharmacological effects of agents targeting CD19 versus CD20, potentially leading to differences in the clinical safety and efficacy of such agents. Here, we review current knowledge of CD19 and CD20 function and biology, survey current and developmental therapies that target these molecules, and discuss potential differences in elimination of B cells by drugs that target CD19 versus CD20, with particular focus on the central nervous system autoimmune diseases multiple sclerosis and neuromyelitis optica. The principles and mechanisms herein discussed might also be relevant to a variety of other nervous system autoimmune disorders, including NMDA (N-methyl-D-aspartate) receptor encephalitis, transverse myelitis and myasthenia gravis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Olaf Stüve
- Neurology Section, VA North Texas Health Care System, Medical Service, Dallas, TX, USA
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228
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Haghighi M, Khanahmad H, Palizban A. Selection and Characterization of Single-Stranded DNA Aptamers Binding Human B-Cell Surface Protein CD20 by Cell-SELEX. Molecules 2018; 23:E715. [PMID: 29561802 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23040715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2018] [Revised: 03/09/2018] [Accepted: 03/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The B-lymphocyte antigen (CD20) is a suitable target for single-stranded (ss) nucleic acid oligomer (aptamers). The aim of study was selection and characterization of a ssDNA aptamer against CD20 using Cell-Systematic Evolution of Ligands by Exponential Enrichment (Cell-SELEX). The cDNA clone of CD20 (pcDNA-CD20) was transfected to human embryonic kidney (HEK293T) cells. Ten rounds of Cell-SELEX was performed on recombinant HEK-CD20 cells. The final eluted ssDNA pool was amplified and ligated in T/A vector for cloning. The plasmids of positive clones were extracted, sequenced and the secondary structures of the aptamers predicted using DNAMAN® software. The sequencing results revealed 10 different types; three of them had the highest thermodynamic stability, named AP-1, AP-2 and AP-3. The AP-1 aptamer was the most thermodynamically stable one (ΔGAP-1 = −10.87 kcal/mol) with the highest binding affinity to CD20 (96.91 ± 4.5 nM). Since, the CD20 is a suitable target for recognition of B-Cell. The selected aptamers could be comparable to antibodies with many advantages. The AP-1, AP-2 and AP-3 could be candidate instead of antibodies for diagnostic and therapeutic applications in immune deficiency, autoimmune diseases, leukemia and lymphoma.
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229
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Krasniqi A, Bialkowska M, Xavier C, Van der Jeught K, Muyldermans S, Devoogdt N, D'Huyvetter M. Pharmacokinetics of radiolabeled dimeric sdAbs constructs targeting human CD20. N Biotechnol 2018; 45:69-79. [PMID: 29574274 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbt.2018.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2017] [Revised: 02/28/2018] [Accepted: 03/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Single-domain antibody fragments (sdAbs) are the smallest functional antigen-binding fragments, derived from heavy chain-only camelid antibodies. When designed as radiolabeled monomeric probes for imaging and therapy of cancer, their fast and specific targeting results in high tumor-to-background ratios early after injection. However, their moderate absolute uptake into tumors might not always be sufficient to treat cancerous lesions. We have evaluated the pharmacokinetics of seven constructs derived from a CD20-targeting monomeric sdAb (αCD20). The constructs differed in affinity or avidity towards CD20 (dimeric αCD20-αCD20 and αCD20 fused to a non-targeting control sdAb, referred to as αCD20-ctrl) and blood half-lives (αCD20 fused to an albumin-targeting sdAb (αAlb) = αCD20-αAlb). The constructs were radiolabeled with 111In (imaging) and 177Lu (therapy) using the bifunctional chelator CHX-A"-DTPA and evaluated in vitro and in vivo. In mice, tumor uptake of 177Lu-DTPA-αCD20 decreased from 4.82 ± 1.80 to 0.13 ± 0.05% IA/g over 72 h. Due to its rapid blood clearance, tumor-to-blood (T/B) ratios of >100 were obtained within 24 h. Although in vitro internalization indicated that dimeric 177Lu-DTPA-αCD20-αCD20 was superior in terms of total cell-associated radioactivity, this was not confirmed in vivo. Blood clearance was slower and absolute tumor uptake became significantly higher for αCD20-αAlb. Blood levels of 177Lu-DTPA-αCD20-αAlb decreased from 68.30 ± 10.53 to 3.58 ± 0.66% IA/g over 120 h, while tumor uptake increased from 6.21 ± 0.94 to 24.90 ± 2.83% IA/g, resulting in lower T/B ratios. Taken together, these results indicate that the increased size of dimeric αCD20-αCD20 or the fusion of monomeric αCD20 to an albumin-targeting moiety (αAlb) counterbalance their improved tumor targeting capacity compared to monomeric αCD20.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmet Krasniqi
- In Vivo Cellular and Molecular Imaging, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Magdalena Bialkowska
- In Vivo Cellular and Molecular Imaging, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium; Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Catarina Xavier
- In Vivo Cellular and Molecular Imaging, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Kevin Van der Jeught
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Therapy, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Serge Muyldermans
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Nick Devoogdt
- In Vivo Cellular and Molecular Imaging, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Matthias D'Huyvetter
- In Vivo Cellular and Molecular Imaging, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
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230
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Esteban RE, Christianne B, Alvaro A, Demichelis-Gómez R. Prognostic Effect of CD20 Expression in Adult B-cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia. Clin Lymphoma Myeloma Leuk 2018; 18:361-367. [PMID: 29544762 DOI: 10.1016/j.clml.2018.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2018] [Accepted: 02/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The expression of the CD20 on adult B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL-B) has generally been associated with a poor prognosis, and several studies have explored the incorporation of rituximab into the therapeutic regimen for adult ALL-B patients, with a positive effect on event-free survival (EFS). PATIENTS AND METHODS We analyzed the prognostic value of CD20 expression and the effect of rituximab for the treatment of Hispanic adult ALL-B patients. We performed a retrospective study of 152 ALL-B patients treated from 2009 to 2016. The patient characteristics and treatment outcomes were analyzed according to CD20 expression (CD20+ vs. CD20-), age group, and treatment with rituximab. RESULTS CD20 expression was positive for 47.7% of patients (n = 72). Excluding the patients who had received rituximab, the overall survival (OS) was greater for the CD20- patient subgroup than for the CD20+ subgroup (11.2 vs. 6.9 months; 95% confidence interval [CI], 7.43-14.9; P = .008). In the CD20+ subgroup, 10 patients (7.2%) received treatment with rituximab, with 100% reaching complete remission (CR) 4 weeks after treatment. In the 18- to 39-year age group, CD20+ patients treated with rituximab had EFS and OS that was not reached. In addition, for CD20+ patients who received with chemotherapy, EFS was 3.9 months (95% CI, 0.6-7.2 months; P = .025) and OS was 7.2 months (95% CI, 3.37-11.0; P = .013). Multivariate analysis showed that the use of rituximab was independently associated with OS and CR at 4 weeks after induction. CONCLUSION CD20 expression in adult ALL-B is associated with decreased OS. Treatment with rituximab can increase OS, EFS, and CR in the 18- to 39-year age group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reibán-Espinoza Esteban
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición "Salvador Zubirán", Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Bourlon Christianne
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición "Salvador Zubirán", Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Aguayo Alvaro
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición "Salvador Zubirán", Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Roberta Demichelis-Gómez
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición "Salvador Zubirán", Mexico City, Mexico.
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231
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Puvvada SD, Guillén-Rodríguez JM, Yan J, Inclán L, Heard K, Rivera XI, Anwer F, Mahadevan D, Schatz JH, Persky DO. Yttrium-90-Ibritumomab Tiuxetan (Zevalin®) Radioimmunotherapy after Cytoreduction with ESHAP Chemotherapy in Patients with Relapsed Follicular Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma: Final Results of a Phase II Study. Oncology 2018; 94:274-280. [PMID: 29471300 PMCID: PMC6050637 DOI: 10.1159/000486788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2017] [Revised: 01/10/2018] [Accepted: 01/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Radioimmunotherapy (RIT) is effective in treating relapsed/refractory follicular lymphoma (FL), with durable remissions in first-line consolidation. We hypothesized that RIT with ibritumomab tiuxetan (Zevalin®) would result in durable remissions by eliminating minimal residual disease after cytoreduction. METHODS Patients with FL received 2 cycles of ESHAP (etoposide, methylprednisolone, cytarabine, cisplatin) every 28 days, followed by Zevalin 4-6 weeks later if there was no disease progression and bone marrow biopsy showed < 25% involvement. RESULTS Twenty-eight patients were treated, with a median age of 61 years, median of 3 prior therapies, 49% high-risk disease (Follicular Lymphoma International Prognostic Index, FLIPI), and 39% progressive disease. Three patients did not receive Zevalin due to residual bone marrow involvement. The main toxicities were cytopenias, with 11% febrile neutropenia. The overall response rate (ORR) was 72%, with 45% achieving complete response. With a median follow-up of 73 months, 1-year progression-free survival (PFS) was 38%, and median PFS was 10 months, but median overall survival (OS) was not reached. CONCLUSION The study did not reach its primary endpoint of a 1-year PFS of 67.3%. Reasons for this could include low accrual, high-risk disease, and inadequate debulking provided by 2 cycles of ESHAP. However, this protocol was associated with tolerable toxicity, high ORR, and high OS. Further studies would optimize debulking and focus on high-risk FL patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soham D. Puvvada
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Arizona Cancer Center, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - José M. Guillén-Rodríguez
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Arizona Cancer Center, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Jessica Yan
- Internal Medicine Residency Program, Department of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Lora Inclán
- University of Arizona Cancer Center, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Kara Heard
- University of Arizona Cancer Center, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | | | - Faiz Anwer
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Arizona Cancer Center, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Daruka Mahadevan
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Arizona Cancer Center, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Jonathan H. Schatz
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Daniel O. Persky
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Arizona Cancer Center, Tucson, Arizona, USA
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Jahn L, van der Steen DM, Hagedoorn RS, Hombrink P, Kester MGD, Schoonakker MP, de Ridder D, van Veelen PA, Falkenburg JHF, Heemskerk MHM. Generation of CD20-specific TCRs for TCR gene therapy of CD20low B-cell malignancies insusceptible to CD20-targeting antibodies. Oncotarget 2018; 7:77021-77037. [PMID: 27776339 PMCID: PMC5363567 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.12778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2016] [Accepted: 10/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapy of B-cell leukemia and lymphoma with CD20-targeting monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) has demonstrated clinical efficacy. However, the emergence of unresponsive disease due to low or absent cell surface CD20 urges the need to develop additional strategies. In contrast to mAbs, T-cells via their T-cell receptor (TCR) can recognize not only extracellular but also intracellular antigens in the context of HLA molecules. We hypothesized that T-cells equipped with high affinity CD20-targeting TCRs would be able to recognize B-cell malignancies even in the absence of extracellular CD20. We isolated CD8+ T-cell clones binding to peptide-MHC-tetramers composed of HLA-A*02:01 and CD20-derived peptide SLFLGILSV (CD20SLF) from HLA-A*02:01neg healthy individuals to overcome tolerance towards self-antigens such as CD20. High avidity T-cell clones were identified that readily recognized and lysed primary HLA-A2pos B-cell leukemia and lymphoma in the absence of reactivity against CD20-negative but HLA-A2pos healthy hematopoietic and nonhematopoietic cells. The T-cell clone with highest avidity efficiently lysed malignant cell-lines that had insufficient extracellular CD20 to be targeted by CD20 mAbs. Transfer of this TCR installed potent CD20-specificity onto recipient T-cells and led to lysis of CD20low malignant cell-lines. Moreover, our approach facilitates the generation of an off-the-shelf TCR library with broad applicability by targeting various HLA alleles. Using the same methodology, we isolated a T-cell clone that efficiently lysed primary HLA-B*07:02pos B-cell malignancies by targeting another CD20-derived peptide. TCR gene transfer of high affinity CD20-specific TCRs can be a valuable addition to current treatment options for patients suffering from CD20low B-cell malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenz Jahn
- Department of Hematology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Dirk M van der Steen
- Department of Hematology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Renate S Hagedoorn
- Department of Hematology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Pleun Hombrink
- Department of Hematology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands.,Department of Hematopoiesis, Sanquin Research, 1006 AD Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Michel G D Kester
- Department of Hematology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | | | - Daniëlle de Ridder
- Department of Hematology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Peter A van Veelen
- Department of Immunohematology and Blood Transfusion, Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands.,Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | | | - Mirjam H M Heemskerk
- Department of Hematology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands
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233
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Pyrzynska B, Dwojak M, Zerrouqi A, Morlino G, Zapala P, Miazek N, Zagozdzon A, Bojarczuk K, Bobrowicz M, Siernicka M, Machnicki MM, Gobessi S, Barankiewicz J, Lech-Maranda E, Efremov DG, Juszczynski P, Calado D, Golab J, Winiarska M. FOXO1 promotes resistance of non-Hodgkin lymphomas to anti- CD20-based therapy. Oncoimmunology 2018; 7:e1423183. [PMID: 29721381 PMCID: PMC5927521 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2017.1423183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2017] [Revised: 12/23/2017] [Accepted: 12/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Diminished overall survival rate of non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) patients treated with a combination regimen of rituximab, cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine and prednisone (R-CHOP) has been recently linked to recurrent somatic mutations activating FOXO1. Despite of the clinical relevance of this finding, the molecular mechanism driving resistance to R-CHOP therapy remains largely unknown. Herein, we investigated the potential role of FOXO1 in the therapeutic efficacy of rituximab, the only targeted therapy included in the R-CHOP regimen. We found CD20 transcription is negatively regulated by FOXO1 in NHL cell lines and in human lymphoma specimens carrying activating mutations of FOXO1. Furthermore, both the expression of exogenous mutants of FOXO1 and the inhibition of AKT led to FOXO1 activation in lymphoma cells, increased binding to MS4A1 promoter and diminished CD20 expression levels. In contrast, a disruption of FOXO1 with CRISPR/Cas9 genome-editing (sgFOXO1) resulted in CD20 upregulation, improved the cytotoxicity induced by rituximab and the survival of mice with sgFOXO1 tumors. Accordingly, pharmacological inhibition of FOXO1 activity in primary samples upregulated surface CD20 levels. Importantly, FOXO1 was required for the downregulation of CD20 levels by the clinically tested inhibitors of BTK, SYK, PI3K and AKT. Taken together, these results indicate for the first time that the AKT-unresponsive mutants of FOXO1 are important determinant of cell response to rituximab-induced cytotoxicity, and suggest that the genetic status of FOXO1 together with its transcriptional activity need further attention while designing anti-CD20 antibodies based regimens for the therapy of pre-selected lymphomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beata Pyrzynska
- Department of Immunology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Michal Dwojak
- Department of Immunology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
- Postgraduate School of Molecular Medicine, Warsaw, Poland
| | | | | | - Piotr Zapala
- Department of Immunology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Nina Miazek
- Department of Immunology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | | | - Kamil Bojarczuk
- Department of Immunology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | | | - Marta Siernicka
- Department of Immunology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
- Postgraduate School of Molecular Medicine, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marcin M. Machnicki
- Department of Immunology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
- Postgraduate School of Molecular Medicine, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Stefania Gobessi
- Department of Molecular Hematology, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Trieste, Italy
| | - Joanna Barankiewicz
- Department of Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, Warsaw, Poland
- Department of Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, Center of Postgraduate Medical Education, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Ewa Lech-Maranda
- Department of Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, Warsaw, Poland
- Department of Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, Center of Postgraduate Medical Education, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Dimitar G. Efremov
- Department of Molecular Hematology, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Trieste, Italy
| | - Przemyslaw Juszczynski
- Department of Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Dinis Calado
- The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom
- Peter Gorer Department of Immunobiology, Kings College London, United Kingdom
| | - Jakub Golab
- Department of Immunology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
- Centre for Preclinical Research and Technology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
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234
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Yoon JT, Longtine MS, Marquez-Nostra BV, Wahl RL. Evaluation of Next-Generation Anti- CD20 Antibodies Labeled with 89Zr in Human Lymphoma Xenografts. J Nucl Med 2018; 59:1219-1224. [PMID: 29348316 DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.117.203299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2017] [Accepted: 12/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Radioimmunotherapies with monoclonal antibodies to the B-lymphocyte antigen 20 (CD20) are effective treatments for B-cell lymphomas, but U.S. Food and Drug Administration-approved radioimmunotherapies exclusively use radiolabeled murine antibodies, potentially limiting redosing. The Food and Drug Administration recently approved 2 unlabeled anti-CD20 monoclonal antibodies, obinutuzumab and ofatumumab, termed next generation as they are humanized (obinutuzumab) or fully human (ofatumumab), thus potentially allowing a greater potential for redosing than with previous-generation anti-CD20 antibodies, including rituximab (chimeric) and tositumomab (murine), which contain more murine peptide sequences. We prepared 89Zr-ofatumumab and 89Zr-obinituzumab and assessed their tumor targeting by PET/CT imaging and their biodistribution in a preclinical mouse model with CD20 xenografts to determine whether these antibodies have potential as theranostics or for radioimmunotherapy. Methods: Obinutuzumab, ofatumumab, rituximab, tositumomab, and human IgG (as control) were radiolabeled with 89Zr. Raji Burkitt lymphoma xenografts were established in severe combined immunodeficient mice. Mice with palpable tumors (n = 4-9) were injected with 89Zr-obinutuzumab, 89Zr-ofatumumab, 89Zr-rituximab, 89Zr-tositumomab, or 89Zr-IgG, with small-animal PET/CT images acquired at 1, 3, and 7 d after injection, and then sacrificed for biodistribution analyses. Results: At 1, 3, and 7 d after injection, all anti-CD20 antibodies showed clear tumor uptake on PET/CT, with minimal tumor uptake of IgG. Biodistribution data showed significantly (P < 0.005) higher tumor uptake for obinutuzumab (41.4 ± 7.6 percentage injected dose [%ID]/g), ofatumumab (32.6 ± 17.5 %ID/g), rituximab (28.6 ± 7.6 %ID/g), and tositumomab (28.0 ± 6.5 %ID/g) than IgG (7.2 ± 1.2 %ID/g). Tositumomab had much higher splenic uptake (186.4 ± 49.7 %ID/g, P < 0.001) than the other antibodies. Conclusion:89Zr-labeled obinutuzumab and ofatumumab localized to tumor as well as or better than labeled rituximab and tositumomab, 2 monoclonal antibodies that have been used previously in B-cell lymphoma radioimmunotherapy, and both obinutuzumab and ofatumumab have the potential for repeated dosing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason T Yoon
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Mark S Longtine
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri
| | | | - Richard L Wahl
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri
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235
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Klein C, Devi-Marulkar P, Dieu-Nosjean MC, Germain C. Development of Tools for the Selective Visualization and Quantification of TLS-Immune Cells on Tissue Sections. Methods Mol Biol 2018; 1845:47-69. [PMID: 30141007 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-8709-2_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Tertiary lymphoid structures (TLS) are considered as genuine markers of inflammation. Their presence within inflamed tissues or within the tumor microenvironment has been associated with the local development of an active immune response. While high densities of TLS are correlated with disease severity in autoimmune diseases or during graft rejection, it has been associated with longer patient survival in many cancer types. Their efficient visualization and quantification within human tissues may represent new tools for helping clinicians in adjusting their therapeutic strategy. Some immunohistochemistry (IHC) protocols are already used in the clinic to appreciate the level of immune infiltration in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissues. However, the use of two or more markers may sometimes be useful to better characterize this immune infiltrate, especially in the case of TLS. Besides the growing development of multiplex labeling approaches, imaging can also be used to overcome some technical difficulties encountered during the immunolabeling of tissues with several markers.This chapter describes IHC methods to visualize in a human tissue (tumoral or not) the presence of TLS. These methods are based on the immunostaining of four TLS-associated immune cell populations, namely follicular B cells, follicular dendritic cells (FDCs), mature dendritic cells (mDCs), and follicular helper T cells (TFH), together with non-TFH T cells. Methodologies for subsequent quantification of TLS density are also proposed, as well as a virtual multiplexing method based on image registration using the open-source software ImageJ (IJ), aiming at co-localizing several immune cell populations from different IHC stainings performed on serial tissue sections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christophe Klein
- Center of Cellular Imaging and Cytometry, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) UMRS 1138, Cordeliers Research Center, Paris, France.,Sorbonne University, UMRS 1138, Cordeliers Research Center, Paris, France.,Paris Descartes University, Sorbonne Paris Cité, UMRS 1138, Cordeliers Research Center, Paris, France
| | - Priyanka Devi-Marulkar
- Sorbonne University, UMRS 1138, Cordeliers Research Center, Paris, France.,Paris Descartes University, Sorbonne Paris Cité, UMRS 1138, Cordeliers Research Center, Paris, France.,Laboratory "Cancer, immune control and Escape", INSERM, UMRS 1138, Cordeliers Research Center, Paris, France.,"Cytokine Signaling" Unit, Department of Immunology, Institut Pasteur, INSERM U1221, Paris, France
| | - Marie-Caroline Dieu-Nosjean
- Sorbonne University, UMRS 1138, Cordeliers Research Center, Paris, France.,Paris Descartes University, Sorbonne Paris Cité, UMRS 1138, Cordeliers Research Center, Paris, France.,Laboratory "Cancer, immune control and Escape", INSERM, UMRS 1138, Cordeliers Research Center, Paris, France
| | - Claire Germain
- Sorbonne University, UMRS 1138, Cordeliers Research Center, Paris, France. .,Paris Descartes University, Sorbonne Paris Cité, UMRS 1138, Cordeliers Research Center, Paris, France. .,Laboratory "Cancer, immune control and Escape", INSERM, UMRS 1138, Cordeliers Research Center, Paris, France. .,Laboratory "Immune Intervention and Biotherapies", UPMC UMRS CR7-Inserm U1135-CNRS ERL 8255, Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses (CIMI), Groupe hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris Cedex 13, France.
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236
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Abstract
Background: Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHLs) is known as a heterogeneous group of malignant lymphoproliferative disorders. NHLs are classified into B cell and T cell types. Immunophenotypical assessment of the biopsy specimens can help diagnose NHLs. Methods: In this study, 77 patients with B cell and T cell lymphoma were selected from Shahid Sadoghi hospital during 2010 to 2013. Immunohistochemical method was used to detect biomarkers like CD2, CD3, CD20, and CD45. Results: In this study, 67 patients (87.01 %) had B cell lymphoma. Moreover, the most primary tissues in B cell group were lymph node and stomach, followed by bone marrow and neck. Positive co-expression of CD45 and CD20 was found in 61 patients (91.04%) with B cell lymphoma. However, 10 patients (12.98%) had T cell lymphoma, and the most primary tissue in T cell lymphoma group was the skin. Moreover, CD3 expression was seen in all patients with T cell lymphoma. Conclusion: This study confirmed the main role of immunohistochemistry method in classifying and diagnosing NHLs. Moreover, the difference in CD marker expression and age in patients with B cell and T cell lymphoma, compared to other studies may be due to geographic area and genetic and ethnic differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robab Sheikhpour
- Hematology and Oncology Research Center, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | | | - Hossein Neamatzadeh
- Mother and Newborn Health Research Center, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Roghayeh Karimi
- Department of Molecular Cytogenetics, Research and Clinical Center for Infertility, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
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237
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Turaj AH, Hussain K, Cox KL, Rose-Zerilli MJJ, Testa J, Dahal LN, Chan HTC, James S, Field VL, Carter MJ, Kim HJ, West JJ, Thomas LJ, He LZ, Keler T, Johnson PWM, Al-Shamkhani A, Thirdborough SM, Beers SA, Cragg MS, Glennie MJ, Lim SH. Antibody Tumor Targeting Is Enhanced by CD27 Agonists through Myeloid Recruitment. Cancer Cell 2017; 32:777-791.e6. [PMID: 29198913 PMCID: PMC5734932 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccell.2017.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2017] [Revised: 08/28/2017] [Accepted: 10/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) can destroy tumors by recruiting effectors such as myeloid cells, or targeting immunomodulatory receptors to promote cytotoxic T cell responses. Here, we examined the therapeutic potential of combining a direct tumor-targeting mAb, anti-CD20, with an extended panel of immunomodulatory mAbs. Only the anti-CD27/CD20 combination provided cures. This was apparent in multiple lymphoma models, including huCD27 transgenic mice using the anti-huCD27, varlilumab. Detailed mechanistic analysis using single-cell RNA sequencing demonstrated that anti-CD27 stimulated CD8+ T and natural killer cells to release myeloid chemo-attractants and interferon gamma, to elicit myeloid infiltration and macrophage activation. This study demonstrates the therapeutic advantage of using an immunomodulatory mAb to regulate lymphoid cells, which then recruit and activate myeloid cells for enhanced killing of mAb-opsonized tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna H Turaj
- Antibody and Vaccine Group, Cancer Sciences Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK; Cancer Research UK Centre, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK
| | - Khiyam Hussain
- Antibody and Vaccine Group, Cancer Sciences Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK
| | - Kerry L Cox
- Antibody and Vaccine Group, Cancer Sciences Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK
| | - Matthew J J Rose-Zerilli
- Cancer Research UK Centre, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK
| | - James Testa
- Celldex Therapeutics, Inc., Hampton, NJ 08827, USA
| | - Lekh N Dahal
- Antibody and Vaccine Group, Cancer Sciences Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK
| | - H T Claude Chan
- Antibody and Vaccine Group, Cancer Sciences Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK
| | - Sonya James
- Antibody and Vaccine Group, Cancer Sciences Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK
| | - Vikki L Field
- Antibody and Vaccine Group, Cancer Sciences Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK
| | - Matthew J Carter
- Antibody and Vaccine Group, Cancer Sciences Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK
| | - Hyung J Kim
- Antibody and Vaccine Group, Cancer Sciences Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK
| | - Jonathan J West
- Institute for Life Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK
| | | | - Li-Zhen He
- Celldex Therapeutics, Inc., Hampton, NJ 08827, USA
| | - Tibor Keler
- Celldex Therapeutics, Inc., Hampton, NJ 08827, USA
| | - Peter W M Johnson
- Cancer Research UK Centre, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK
| | - Aymen Al-Shamkhani
- Antibody and Vaccine Group, Cancer Sciences Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK
| | - Stephen M Thirdborough
- Cancer Research UK Centre, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK
| | - Stephen A Beers
- Antibody and Vaccine Group, Cancer Sciences Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK; Cancer Research UK Centre, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK
| | - Mark S Cragg
- Antibody and Vaccine Group, Cancer Sciences Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK; Cancer Research UK Centre, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK; Institute for Life Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Martin J Glennie
- Antibody and Vaccine Group, Cancer Sciences Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK
| | - Sean H Lim
- Antibody and Vaccine Group, Cancer Sciences Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK; Cancer Research UK Centre, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK.
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238
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Luo C, Deng Z, Li L, Clayton F, Chen AL, Wei R, Miles R, Stephens DM, Glenn M, Wang X, Jensen PE, Chen X. Association of rituximab with graphene oxide confers direct cytotoxicity for CD20-positive lymphoma cells. Oncotarget 2016; 7:12806-22. [PMID: 26859679 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.7230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2015] [Accepted: 01/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) is one of the most common hematologic malignancies among adults for which the chimeric monoclonal anti-CD20 antibody (Ab) rituximab (RTX) is used as first-line therapy. As RTX itself is not directly cytotoxic but relies on host immune effector mechanisms or chemotherapeutic agents to attack target cells, its therapeutic capacity may become limited when host effector mechanisms are compromised. Currently, refractory disease and relapse with NHL are still common, highlighting the need for novel anti-CD20 antibody strategies with superior therapeutic efficacy over current protocols. We hypothesized that making RTX directly cytotoxic might improve the therapeutic efficacy. Graphene oxide (GO) has recently emerged as a highly attractive nanomaterial for biomedical applications; and several studies have reported cytotoxic effect of GO on benign and malignant cells in vitro. Herein, we report that RTX can be stably associated with GO, and that GO-associated RTX (RTX/GO) demonstrates remarkably high avidity for CD20. Binding of GO-associated RTX to CD20-positive lymphoma cells induces CD20 capping and target cell death through an actin dependent mechanism. In vivo, GO-associated RTX, but not free RTX, quickly eliminates high-grade lymphomas in the absence of host effector mechanisms in a xenograft lymphoma mouse model. Our findings represent the first demonstration of using GO-associated antibody as effective cytotoxic therapy for human B cell malignancies in the absence of chemotherapy, and these findings could have important clinical implications.
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239
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Shiung Kuo
- Department of Dentistry, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan
- Department of Dentistry, National Taiwan University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Dentistry, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Dentistry, School of Dentistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Dentistry, National Taiwan University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Dentistry, School of Dentistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Dentistry, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan
- Department of Dentistry, National Taiwan University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Dentistry, School of Dentistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Hsueh Wu
- Department of Dentistry, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Dentistry, School of Dentistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Dentistry, National Taiwan University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Dentistry, School of Dentistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Dentistry, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan
- Department of Dentistry, National Taiwan University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Dentistry, School of Dentistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Andy Sun
- Department of Dentistry, National Taiwan University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Dentistry, School of Dentistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Dentistry, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan
- Department of Dentistry, National Taiwan University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Dentistry, School of Dentistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Pin Chiang
- Department of Dentistry, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan
- Department of Dentistry, National Taiwan University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Dentistry, School of Dentistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
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240
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION Chemoimmunotherapeutic regimens using the anti-CD20 antibody rituximab improved significantly the survival rates in various B-cell lymphoproliferative disorders (LPDs), including chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). The next-generation CD20 antibody obinutuzumab represents an addition to the drug armamentarium used for the therapeutic management of patients with LPDs. Areas covered: Herein, the authors discuss the biochemical and conformational engineering of obinutuzumab to increase antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity and direct cell death. They also describe the available preclinical data on obinutuzumab's role in B-cell LPDs. Furthermore, the authors summarize the Phase I and II clinical trials of obinutuzumab, focusing on the main pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic characteristics, the most common clinically significant adverse events, dose optimization, and clinical outcomes of patients with CLL and other B-cell LPDs treated with obinutuzumab as monotherapy or in combination with other agents. To put these data in perspective, the use of obinutuzumab is compared with that of rituximab in CLL and other B-cell LPDs. Expert opinion: Clinical trials have demonstrated that obinutuzumab is well tolerated. The novel mechanism of action of obinutuzumab is associated with significant efficacy in CLL and other B-cell LPDs. Ongoing clinical trials are expected to determine the optimal use of obinutuzumab in these diseases.
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MESH Headings
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/therapeutic use
- Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized/adverse effects
- Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized/immunology
- Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized/pharmacokinetics
- Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized/therapeutic use
- Antigens, CD20/immunology
- Antineoplastic Agents, Alkylating/therapeutic use
- Antineoplastic Agents, Immunological/adverse effects
- Antineoplastic Agents, Immunological/pharmacokinetics
- Antineoplastic Agents, Immunological/therapeutic use
- Clinical Trials as Topic
- Drug Therapy, Combination
- Half-Life
- Humans
- Leukemia, B-Cell/drug therapy
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/drug therapy
- Neutropenia/etiology
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Affiliation(s)
- Rabih Said
- a Department of Oncology , University of Balamand, St. George Hospital University Medical Center , Beirut , Lebanon
- b Department of Investigational Cancer Therapeutics , MD Anderson Cancer Center , Houston , TX , USA
| | - Apostolia M Tsimberidou
- b Department of Investigational Cancer Therapeutics , MD Anderson Cancer Center , Houston , TX , USA
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Yang S, Wang J, Zhao T, Jia J, Zhu H, Jiang H, Lu J, Jiang B, Shi H, Liu Y, Lai Y, Xu L, Huang X, Jiang Q. CD20 expression sub-stratifies standard-risk patients with B cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Oncotarget 2017; 8:105397-105406. [PMID: 29285259 PMCID: PMC5739646 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.22207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2017] [Accepted: 09/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients with standard-risk adult acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) treated with chemotherapy do not have satisfactory outcomes. To more precisely classify ALL patients and optimize treatment, we re-evaluated the risk stratification system by examining CD20 expression and other classic risk factors at diagnosis. We retrospectively analyzed response to induction chemotherapy of 217 consecutive patients with newly diagnosed Philadelphia-negative B cell precursor-ALL. Survival analyses were conducted for the 136 patients who were intended to be treated with chemotherapy alone. Among the 217 patients, 69 (31.8%) were considered standard risk based on age <35 years, white blood cell count <30 × 109/L, absence of central nervous system involvement, and high-risk cytogenetic abnormalities. Seventy-four patients (34.1%) expressed CD20 on ≥20% of leukemia blasts and were considered CD20 positive. We found that fewer CD20-positive than CD20-negative patients achieved durable first complete responses (CR1 ≥3 months) (81.1% vs. 94.9%, P=0.002). Within the standard-risk group, more CD20-negative than CD20-positive patients achieved CR (100% vs. 83.3%, P=0.003) and durable CR1 (100% vs. 82.4%, P=0.014). For patients in the CD20-negative standard-risk, CD20-positive standard-risk, CD20-negative high-risk, and CD20-positive high-risk groups, the 3-year cumulative incidence of relapse was 42.6%, 70.0%, 59.3%, and 69.5%, respectively (P=0.118); the 3-year disease-free survival rates were 52.1%, 0%, 20.7%, and 13.7%, respectively (P=0.006); and the 3-year overall survival rates were 55.8%, 13.8%, 23.6%, and 16.9%, respectively (P=0.006). Our results suggest that patients with CD20-negative standard-risk B cell precursor-ALL have favorable prognosis compared with CD20-positive standard-risk or CD20-negative or -positive high-risk patients. CD20-positive standard-risk ALL patients may need other therapeutic modalities bridging to allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- ShenMiao Yang
- Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Institute of Hematology, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Institute of Hematology, Beijing, China
| | - Ting Zhao
- Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Institute of Hematology, Beijing, China
| | - JinSong Jia
- Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Institute of Hematology, Beijing, China
| | - HongHu Zhu
- Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Institute of Hematology, Beijing, China
| | - Hao Jiang
- Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Institute of Hematology, Beijing, China
| | - Jin Lu
- Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Institute of Hematology, Beijing, China
| | - Bin Jiang
- Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Institute of Hematology, Beijing, China
| | - HongXia Shi
- Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Institute of Hematology, Beijing, China
| | - YanRong Liu
- Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Institute of Hematology, Beijing, China
| | - YueYun Lai
- Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Institute of Hematology, Beijing, China
| | - LanPing Xu
- Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Institute of Hematology, Beijing, China
| | - XiaoJun Huang
- Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Institute of Hematology, Beijing, China.,Peking Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Qian Jiang
- Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Institute of Hematology, Beijing, China
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242
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Popko K, Górska E, Kuźma-Mroczkowska E. Effectiveness of rituximab in nephrotic syndrome treatment. Cent Eur J Immunol 2017; 42:313-7. [PMID: 29204098 DOI: 10.5114/ceji.2017.70976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2017] [Accepted: 09/29/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic nephrotic syndrome (INS) is a common chronic illness characterized by massive proteinuria and hypo-albuminemia in children. Baseline treatment is 6 month-corticotherapy. In cases of steroid resistant/dependent INS several types of treatment are used, including course of methyloprednisolone "pulses", alkylating agents, cyclosporin A, levamisole and mycophenolate mofetil. It has been suggested that children with frequently relapsing nephrotic syndrome or steroid-dependent nephrotic syndrome had a significantly longer relapse-free period if rituximab (RTX) treatment was additionally applied. We present a case of a 4.5 boy who due to steroid-sensitive, steroid-dependent nephrotic syndrome has been successfully treated with RTX. Administration of the one dose of Rituximab in the patient caused immediate decrease of CD19/CD20 positive B lymphocyte population. The depletion of B cells has been observed for the next six months. With regard to the fact that RTX treatment may affect patient's immune response, comprehensive immunodiagnostic has been conducted in a course of the Therapy.
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243
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Abstract
Pemphigus is a severe autoimmune blistering disease mediated by pathogenic anti-desmoglein antibodies leading to an inter keratinocyte disjunction. Rituximab is a monoclonal antibody that binds to the CD-20 antigen of B lymphocytes, which causes B-cell depletion and a subsequent reduction in pathogenic autoantibodies. Its therapeutic role in pemphigus has been progressively growing with increasing evidence of successful outcomes. Rituximab was initially off-labeled used as an alternative in patients with recalcitrant or relapsing pemphigus and in patients with contraindications to systemic corticosteroids. Recently, a large randomized clinical trial has shown that first-line use of rituximab combined with short-term prednisone regimen was both more effective and potentially safer than a standard regimen of high doses of corticosteroids in patients with moderate to severe pemphigus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivien Hebert
- Department of Dermatology, Rouen University Hospital, & INSERM U 1234, Centre de référence des maladies bulleuses autoimmunes, Normandie University, Rouen, France
| | - Pascal Joly
- Department of Dermatology, Rouen University Hospital, & INSERM U 1234, Centre de référence des maladies bulleuses autoimmunes, Normandie University, Rouen, France
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244
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Bychkov A, Jung CK. Aberrant expression of CD20 in thyroid cancer and its clinicopathologic significance. Hum Pathol 2018; 71:74-83. [PMID: 29079175 DOI: 10.1016/j.humpath.2017.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2017] [Revised: 10/05/2017] [Accepted: 10/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
CD20 is the first-line diagnostic marker of B-cells, which serves as the target of the therapeutic monoclonal antibodies in B-cell lymphomas and leukemias. Recently, aberrant CD20 expression has been described in a small series of papillary thyroid carcinomas (PTCs). We aimed to evaluate CD20 immunoexpression and to perform clinicopathologic correlation in a large set of thyroid tumors, including a cohort of high-grade thyroid cancer. A total of 625 cases of thyroid tumor comprised tissue microarrays of 538 PTCs and 47 follicular adenomas, and whole-slide sections of 40 aggressive thyroid carcinomas (10 radioiodine-refractory PTCs and 8 poorly differentiated, 5 anaplastic, and 17 medullary thyroid carcinomas) were immunostained with anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody. BRAFV600E mutation was tested by direct sequencing in 478 cancers. Our study found that a small subset of PTCs (<10%, mainly of classic variant) exhibited aberrant membranous expression of CD20. These tumors displayed less aggressive histological features and had a lower prevalence of BRAFV600E mutation. We also discovered that CD20 expression was maintained in 6%-20% of aggressive thyroid cancers but not observed in follicular adenomas. All CD20-positive tumor cells were negative for CD79a and PAX5. Aberrant expression of CD20 by thyroid cancer cells may present a diagnostic pitfall in cytologic evaluation of thyroid and cervical masses. Residual expression of CD20 in aggressive cancers may offer promise for translational implications, which merits further experimental investigation.
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245
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Li B, Xu L, Pi C, Yin Y, Xie K, Tao F, Li R, Gu H, Fang J. CD89-mediated recruitment of macrophages via a bispecific antibody enhances anti-tumor efficacy. Oncoimmunology 2017; 7:e1380142. [PMID: 29296544 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2017.1380142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2017] [Revised: 09/07/2017] [Accepted: 09/11/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Since tumors are often infiltrated by macrophages, it would be advantageous to turn these types of cells into cytotoxic effector cells. Here, we have designed a novel bispecific antibody (BsAb) that targets both tumor antigen (CD20) and the FcαRI receptor (CD89). This antibody could be used to lyse tumors by connecting tumor cells to CD89-expressing immune effector cells such as macrophages and neutrophils. Previously there were very limited attempts to exploit FcαRI-expressing cells as effector cells for tumor cell-killing, largely due to the lack of an appropriate in vivo model, since mice do not express a human CD89 homolog. In this study, we used a transgenic mouse strain with specific expression of CD89 on macrophages and monocytes. In this transgenic mouse model, the CD89 bispecific antibody showed significant anti-tumor activities, demonstrating that bispecific antibodies can redirect macrophages, including M2 macrophages, to mediate additional effector function in the tumor microenvironment. This approach realized the full potential of the innate immune system and could be applied to other tumor-associated antigens especially the solid tumors, thus has potential to translate into clinical benefits in human cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingyu Li
- School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lijun Xu
- School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China.,College of Medicine, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan, China
| | - Chenyu Pi
- School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanxin Yin
- Biomedical Research Center, Tongji University Suzhou Institute, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Kun Xie
- School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Fei Tao
- School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Renhao Li
- School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hua Gu
- School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianmin Fang
- School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Tongji Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, China.,Biomedical Research Center, Tongji University Suzhou Institute, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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246
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Abstract
CD20-negative diffuse large B-cell lymphomas (DLBCLs) constitute a rare and heterogeneous group of aggressive lymphomas. Known well-documented variants include plasmablastic lymphomas, primary effusion lymphomas, anaplastic kinase-positive large B-cell lymphomas, and large B-cell lymphomas arising in human herpesvirus 8 (HHV8)-associated multicentric Castleman disease. They impose diagnostic challenges for pathologists and therapeutic confrontations for clinicians. CD20 loss in B-cell lymphomas is a well-known phenomenon after rituximab therapy. De novo loss of CD20 has been reported in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive patients. Rare cases of primary CD20-negative DLBCLs that did not meet the criteria of the well-established subtypes of CD20-negative DLBCLs have been reported. This might expand the spectrum of unclassifiable CD20-negative DLBCLs with aberrant genetic and immunophenotypes. This imposes further diagnostic and therapeutic challenges. We report a case of a primary CD20-negative DLBCL in an HIV-infected female patient with an Epstein Barr virus (EBV) coinfection, who presented with generalized lymphadenopathy and fever. The nodal neoplastic immunoblasts were positive for LCA, PAX5, CD30, OCT2, BOB1, MUM1, CD79a, and CD19. Ki67 proliferation index was 100%. They were negative for CD20, CD3, ALK, EMA, CD138, CD38, EBV, and HHV8. Our case did not meet the criteria of the known variants of CD20-negative DLBCLs. The aim of this study is to highlight the diagnostic challenges associated with CD20-negative DLBCLs. De novo unclassifiable CD20-negative DLBCLs might raise an insight into the complex genetic mechanisms of CD20 concealment with variable immunoprofiles and resistance to conventional chemotherapies.
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247
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Salles G, Barrett M, Foà R, Maurer J, O'Brien S, Valente N, Wenger M, Maloney DG. Rituximab in B-Cell Hematologic Malignancies: A Review of 20 Years of Clinical Experience. Adv Ther 2017; 34:2232-2273. [PMID: 28983798 PMCID: PMC5656728 DOI: 10.1007/s12325-017-0612-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 343] [Impact Index Per Article: 49.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2017] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
Rituximab is a human/murine, chimeric anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody with established efficacy, and a favorable and well-defined safety profile in patients with various CD20-expressing lymphoid malignancies, including indolent and aggressive forms of B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Since its first approval 20 years ago, intravenously administered rituximab has revolutionized the treatment of B-cell malignancies and has become a standard component of care for follicular lymphoma, diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, chronic lymphocytic leukemia, and mantle cell lymphoma. For all of these diseases, clinical trials have demonstrated that rituximab not only prolongs the time to disease progression but also extends overall survival. Efficacy benefits have also been shown in patients with marginal zone lymphoma and in more aggressive diseases such as Burkitt lymphoma. Although the proven clinical efficacy and success of rituximab has led to the development of other anti-CD20 monoclonal antibodies in recent years (e.g., obinutuzumab, ofatumumab, veltuzumab, and ocrelizumab), rituximab is likely to maintain a position within the therapeutic armamentarium because it is well established with a long history of successful clinical use. Furthermore, a subcutaneous formulation of the drug has been approved both in the EU and in the USA for the treatment of B-cell malignancies. Using the wealth of data published on rituximab during the last two decades, we review the preclinical development of rituximab and the clinical experience gained in the treatment of hematologic B-cell malignancies, with a focus on the well-established intravenous route of administration. This article is a companion paper to A. Davies, et al., which is also published in this issue. FUNDING F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Basel, Switzerland.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gilles Salles
- Hématologie, Hospices Civils de Lyon and Université de Lyon, Pierre-Bénite, Lyon, France.
| | | | - Robin Foà
- Department of Cellular Biotechnologies and Hematology, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Susan O'Brien
- Chao Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Irvine, Orange, CA, USA
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248
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Mohanpuria A, Kumar V, Suteri P, Marwah S, Nigam AS. Important Diagnostic Clues for Diagnosing Splenic Marginal Zone Lymphoma in Absence of Splenic Histology. J Clin Diagn Res 2017; 11:ED15-ED17. [PMID: 28892912 DOI: 10.7860/jcdr/2017/27149.10190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2017] [Accepted: 04/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Splenic Marginal Zone Lymphoma (SMZL) is a rare B-cell neoplasm comprising less than 2% of non-Hodgkin lymphomas. We hereby report a case of SMZL in a 66-year-old female who presented with fever and massive splenomegaly. Peripheral blood smear examination showed atypical lymphoid cells showing variable cytoplasmic processes. Flowcytometric immunophenotyping of peripheral blood showed tumour cells which were found to be positive for CD19, CD79b and showing kappa light chain restriction along with lack of expression for CD5, CD10, CD23, CD103 and lambda. These findings were suggestive of B cell chronic lymphoproliferative disorder. Various differential diagnoses considered in this case were analysed by using different diagnostic clues to arrive at the diagnosis. Bone marrow examination and Immunohistochemical (IHC) analysis showed tumour cells in nodular, interstitial and intrasinusoidal pattern of infiltration which were positive for CD20 and CD79b with kappa light chain restriction and lack of expression of CD5, CD10, CD23 and CD103 which further corroborated the flowcytometric immunophenotyping. The diagnosis of SMZL is arrived at by a combination of diagnostic clues like clinical features, peripheral smear findings, flowcytometric immunophenotyping, morphological and IHC findings in bone marrow biopsy. This case highlights the significance of flowcytometric immunophenotyping and bone marrow biopsy with immunohistochemistry to arrive at a diagnosis of SMZL even in absence of splenic histopathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anisha Mohanpuria
- Senior Resident, Department of Pathology, PGIMER, Dr. RML Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - Vijay Kumar
- Associate Professor, Department of Pathology, PGIMER, Dr. RML Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - Pooja Suteri
- Junior Resident, Department of Pathology, PGIMER, Dr. RML Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - Sadhna Marwah
- Professor, Department of Pathology, PGIMER, Dr. RML Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - Abhay Shankar Nigam
- Consultant Pathologist, Department of Pathology, PGIMER, Dr. RML Hospital, New Delhi, India
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249
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Wirt T, Rosskopf S, Rösner T, Eichholz KM, Kahrs A, Lutz S, Kretschmer A, Valerius T, Klausz K, Otte A, Gramatzki M, Peipp M, Kellner C. An Fc Double-Engineered CD20 Antibody with Enhanced Ability to Trigger Complement-Dependent Cytotoxicity and Antibody-Dependent Cell-Mediated Cytotoxicity. Transfus Med Hemother 2017; 44:292-300. [PMID: 29070974 DOI: 10.1159/000479978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2017] [Accepted: 08/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Engineering of the antibody's fragment crystallizable (Fc) by modifying the amino acid sequence (Fc protein engineering) or the glycosylation pattern (Fc glyco-engineering) allows enhancing effector functions of tumor targeting antibodies. Here, we investigated whether complement-dependent cytotoxicity (CDC) and antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) of CD20 antibodies could be improved simultaneously by combining Fc protein engineering and glyco-engineering technologies. METHODS AND RESULTS Four variants of the CD20 antibody rituximab were generated: a native IgG1, a variant carrying the EFTAE modification (S267E/H268F/S324T/G236A/I332E) for enhanced CDC as well as glyco-engineered, non-fucosylated derivatives of both to boost ADCC. The antibodies bound CD20 specifically with similar affinity. Antibodies with EFTAE modification were more efficacious in mediating CDC, irrespective of fucosylation, than antibodies with wild-type sequences due to enhanced C1q binding. In contrast, non-fucosylated variants had an enhanced affinity to FcγRIIIA and improved ADCC activity. Importantly, the double-engineered antibody lacking fucose and carrying the EFTAE modification mediated both CDC and ADCC with higher efficacy than the native CD20 IgG1 antibody. CONCLUSION Combining glyco-engineering and protein engineering technologies offers the opportunity to simultaneously enhance ADCC and CDC activities of therapeutic antibodies. This approach may represent an attractive strategy to further improve antibody therapy of cancer and deserves further evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim Wirt
- Division of Stem Cell Transplantation and Immunotherapy, Department of Medicine II, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Sophia Rosskopf
- Division of Stem Cell Transplantation and Immunotherapy, Department of Medicine II, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Thies Rösner
- Division of Stem Cell Transplantation and Immunotherapy, Department of Medicine II, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Klara Marie Eichholz
- Division of Stem Cell Transplantation and Immunotherapy, Department of Medicine II, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Anne Kahrs
- Division of Stem Cell Transplantation and Immunotherapy, Department of Medicine II, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Sebastian Lutz
- Division of Stem Cell Transplantation and Immunotherapy, Department of Medicine II, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Anna Kretschmer
- Division of Stem Cell Transplantation and Immunotherapy, Department of Medicine II, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Thomas Valerius
- Division of Stem Cell Transplantation and Immunotherapy, Department of Medicine II, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Katja Klausz
- Division of Stem Cell Transplantation and Immunotherapy, Department of Medicine II, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Anna Otte
- Division of Stem Cell Transplantation and Immunotherapy, Department of Medicine II, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Martin Gramatzki
- Division of Stem Cell Transplantation and Immunotherapy, Department of Medicine II, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Matthias Peipp
- Division of Stem Cell Transplantation and Immunotherapy, Department of Medicine II, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Christian Kellner
- Division of Stem Cell Transplantation and Immunotherapy, Department of Medicine II, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
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250
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Deligne C, Milcent B, Josseaume N, Teillaud JL, Sibéril S. Impact of Depleting Therapeutic Monoclonal Antibodies on the Host Adaptive Immunity: A Bonus or a Malus? Front Immunol 2017; 8:950. [PMID: 28855903 PMCID: PMC5557783 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.00950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2017] [Accepted: 07/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Clinical responses to anti-tumor monoclonal antibody (mAb) treatment have been regarded for many years only as a consequence of the ability of mAbs to destroy tumor cells by innate immune effector mechanisms. More recently, it has also been shown that anti-tumor antibodies can induce a long-lasting anti-tumor adaptive immunity, likely responsible for durable clinical responses, a phenomenon that has been termed the vaccinal effect of antibodies. However, some of these anti-tumor antibodies are directed against molecules expressed both by tumor cells and normal immune cells, in particular lymphocytes, and, hence, can also strongly affect the host adaptive immunity. In addition to a delayed recovery of target cells, lymphocyte depleting-mAb treatments can have dramatic consequences on the adaptive immune cell network, its rebound, and its functional capacities. Thus, in this review, we will not only discuss the mAb-induced vaccinal effect that has emerged from experimental preclinical studies and clinical trials but also the multifaceted impact of lymphocytes-depleting therapeutic antibodies on the host adaptive immunity. We will also discuss some of the molecular and cellular mechanisms of action whereby therapeutic mAbs induce a long-term protective anti-tumor effect and the relationship between the mAb-induced vaccinal effect and the immune response against self-antigens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Deligne
- Cordeliers Research Center, INSERM UMR-S 1138, "Cancer, Immune Control and Escape" Laboratory, Paris, France.,Sorbonne Universities, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, UMR-S 1138, Paris, France.,Université Paris Descartes, UMR-S 1138, Paris, France.,Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Benoît Milcent
- Cordeliers Research Center, INSERM UMR-S 1138, "Cancer, Immune Control and Escape" Laboratory, Paris, France.,Sorbonne Universities, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, UMR-S 1138, Paris, France.,Université Paris Descartes, UMR-S 1138, Paris, France
| | - Nathalie Josseaume
- Cordeliers Research Center, INSERM UMR-S 1138, "Cancer, Immune Control and Escape" Laboratory, Paris, France.,Sorbonne Universities, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, UMR-S 1138, Paris, France.,Université Paris Descartes, UMR-S 1138, Paris, France
| | - Jean-Luc Teillaud
- Cordeliers Research Center, INSERM UMR-S 1138, "Cancer, Immune Control and Escape" Laboratory, Paris, France.,Sorbonne Universities, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, UMR-S 1138, Paris, France.,Université Paris Descartes, UMR-S 1138, Paris, France
| | - Sophie Sibéril
- Cordeliers Research Center, INSERM UMR-S 1138, "Cancer, Immune Control and Escape" Laboratory, Paris, France.,Sorbonne Universities, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, UMR-S 1138, Paris, France.,Université Paris Descartes, UMR-S 1138, Paris, France
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