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Toller Erausquin J, Tan RKJ, Uhlich M, Francis JM, Kumar N, Campbell L, Zhang WH, Hlatshwako TG, Kosana P, Shah S, Brenner EM, Remmerie L, Mussa A, Klapilova K, Mark K, Perotta G, Gabster A, Wouters E, Burns S, Hendriks J, Hensel DJ, Shamu S, Marie Strizzi J, Esho T, Morroni C, Eleuteri S, Sahril N, Yun Low W, Plasilova L, Lazdane G, Marks M, Olumide A, Abdelhamed A, López Gómez A, Michielsen K, Moreau C, Tucker JD. The International Sexual Health And REproductive Health during COVID-19 (I-SHARE) Study: A Multicountry Analysis of Adults from 30 Countries Prior to and During the Initial Coronavirus Disease 2019 Wave. Clin Infect Dis 2022; 75:e991-e999. [PMID: 35136960 PMCID: PMC9383436 DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciac102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is limited evidence to date about changes to sexual and reproductive health (SRH) during the initial wave of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). To address this gap, our team organized a multicountry, cross-sectional online survey as part of a global consortium. METHODS Consortium research teams conducted online surveys in 30 countries. Sampling methods included convenience, online panels, and population-representative. Primary outcomes included sexual behaviors, partner violence, and SRH service use, and we compared 3 months prior to and during policy measures to mitigate COVID-19. We conducted meta-analyses for primary outcomes and graded the certainty of the evidence. RESULTS Among 4546 respondents with casual partners, condom use stayed the same for 3374 (74.4%), and 640 (14.1%) reported a decline. Fewer respondents reported physical or sexual partner violence during COVID-19 measures (1063 of 15 144, 7.0%) compared to before COVID-19 measures (1469 of 15 887, 9.3%). COVID-19 measures impeded access to condoms (933 of 10 790, 8.7%), contraceptives (610 of 8175, 7.5%), and human immunodeficiency virus/sexually transmitted infection (HIV/STI) testing (750 of 1965, 30.7%). Pooled estimates from meta-analysis indicate that during COVID-19 measures, 32.3% (95% confidence interval [CI], 23.9%-42.1%) of people needing HIV/STI testing had hindered access, 4.4% (95% CI, 3.4%-5.4%) experienced partner violence, and 5.8% (95% CI, 5.4%-8.2%) decreased casual partner condom use (moderate certainty of evidence for each outcome). Meta-analysis findings were robust in sensitivity analyses that examined country income level, sample size, and sampling strategy. CONCLUSIONS Open science methods are feasible to organize research studies as part of emergency responses. The initial COVID-19 wave impacted SRH behaviors and access to services across diverse global settings.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Joel M Francis
- Department of Family Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Navin Kumar
- Department of Sociology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Linda Campbell
- Center for Population, Family, and Health, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium,Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Ghent, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Wei Hong Zhang
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Ghent, Ghent, Belgium,School of Public Health, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Takhona G Hlatshwako
- Institute of Global Health and Infectious Diseases, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Priya Kosana
- Institute of Global Health and Infectious Diseases, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Sonam Shah
- Institute of Global Health and Infectious Diseases, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Erica M Brenner
- Institute of Global Health and Infectious Diseases, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Lore Remmerie
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Ghent, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Aamirah Mussa
- Botswana Sexual and Reproductive Health Initiative, Botswana Harvard AIDS Institute Partnership, Gaborone, Botswana
| | - Katerina Klapilova
- Faculty of Humanities, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic,National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czech Republic
| | - Kristen Mark
- Department of Family Medicine and Community Health, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Gabriela Perotta
- Faculty of Psychology, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Amanda Gabster
- Gorgas Memorial Institute for Health Studies, Panama City, Panama,Clinical Research Department, Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Edwin Wouters
- Center for Population, Family, and Health, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Sharyn Burns
- Collaboration for Evidence, Research and Impact in Public Health, School of Population Health, Curtin University, Perth, Australia
| | - Jacqueline Hendriks
- Collaboration for Evidence, Research and Impact in Public Health, School of Population Health, Curtin University, Perth, Australia
| | - Devon J Hensel
- Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA,Department of Sociology, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Simukai Shamu
- Health Systems Strengthening, Foundation for Professional Development, Pretoria, South Africa,School of Public Health, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | | | - Tammary Esho
- End FGM/C Centre of Excellence, Amref Health Africa, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Chelsea Morroni
- Botswana Sexual and Reproductive Health Initiative, Botswana Harvard AIDS Institute Partnership, Gaborone, Botswana,MRC Centre for Reproductive Health, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Wah Yun Low
- Asia–Europe Institute, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Leona Plasilova
- Faculty of Humanities, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic,National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czech Republic
| | - Gunta Lazdane
- Institute of Public Health, Riga Stradins University, Riga, Latvia
| | - Michael Marks
- Clinical Research Department, Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Amr Abdelhamed
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology & Andrology, Sohag University, Sohag, Egypt
| | | | - Kristien Michielsen
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Ghent, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Caroline Moreau
- Department of Population, Family, and Reproductive Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USAand,Primary Care and Prevention, Center for Research in Epidemiology and Public Health, National Institute of Health and Medical Research 1018, Villejuif, France
| | - Joseph D Tucker
- Correspondence: J. D. Tucker, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Room 360, Keppel Street, London WC1E 7HT, UK ()
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202
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Caruso S, Palermo G, Caruso G, Rapisarda AMC. How Does Contraceptive Use Affect Women's Sexuality? A Novel Look at Sexual Acceptability. J Clin Med 2022; 11:810. [PMID: 35160261 PMCID: PMC8836660 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11030810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2021] [Revised: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Among the components of a healthy life, sexuality is essential, contributing to both the psychophysical and social well-being of women and, consequently, to their quality of life. A poorly investigated standpoint is the acceptability of contraceptive methods, both in terms of their tolerability and metabolic neutrality and in terms of their impact on sexual life. In this context, we will provide an overview of the different methods of contraception and their effects on female sexuality, from biological changes to organic, social, and psychological factors, which can all shape sexuality. A MEDLINE/PubMed review of the literature between 2010 and 2021 was conducted using the following key words and phrases: hormonal contraception, contraceptives, female sexual function, libido, sexual arousal and desire, and sexual pain. Recent studies have supported the effects of contraceptives on women's sexuality, describing a variety of positive and negative events in several domains of sexual function (desire, arousal, orgasm, pain, enjoyment). However, satisfaction with sexual activity depends on factors that extend beyond sexual functioning alone. A more holistic approach is needed to better understand the multitude of factors linked to women's sexuality and contraception. Contraceptive counseling must consider these important elements since they are closely related to good compliance and maximize non-contraceptive health benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salvatore Caruso
- Research Group for Sexology, Department of General Surgery and Medical Surgical Specialties, Gynecological Clinic, University of Catania, Via Santa Sofia, 78, 95125 Catania, Italy; (G.P.); (G.C.); (A.M.C.R.)
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203
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Yang Z, Xin P, Zhou S, Zhou C, He X, Bao G. Systematic review of rectal foreign bodies in older men: humanistic care and a novel challenge for society. Ann Transl Med 2022; 10:164. [PMID: 35280427 PMCID: PMC8908176 DOI: 10.21037/atm-22-103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background In recent years, rectal foreign bodies have become a common proctological emergency in the male population, especially older Chinese men, often requiring surgical intervention due to associated complications. This review aimed to describe the epidemiology and clinical characteristics of rectal foreign bodies in older men and examine the possible challenges presented by the condition to clinicians and society. Methods A comprehensive search was conducted in English-language databases and Chinese databases from January 2000 to December 2020. Studies concerning rectal foreign bodies were considered for this review if they reported the reason for a foreign body being in the rectum and related treatment measures. Contemporaneous rectal foreign bodies case data from General Surgery Department of Tangdu Hospital were also analyzed. According to differences in ethnicity, the older male patients were divided into a Chinese group and a non-Chinese group, and the parameters of the two groups were analyzed using statistical methods. Results A total of 159 studies were retrieved in an initial database search using “rectal foreign body” as the search term. These included 86 Chinese studies and 73 English-language studies. Collectively, these studies included 582 older male patients, 276 of whom were Chinese, and 307 who were non-Chinese. According to their source, the rectal foreign bodies were classified into 3 categories. The most common reason for a foreign body in the rectum was insertion for erotic purposes, with everyday articles accounting for most foreign body types. Sexual articles were mainly found to have been used in the pursuit of pleasure. There were no significant differences in foreign body sources, sizes, types, treatment selections, and outcomes between the two groups. Discussion Emergency hospital visits by older men with rectal foreign bodies due to erotic and sexual needs and practices are increasing. Although the sources, sizes, and types of foreign bodies were different, and patients recovered well after active and appropriate clinical treatment, the sexual needs of older men are a social issue that requires attention. Acknowledging and dealing with sexual issues is a multidimensional task that requires a collaborative effort to ensure a more humanistic approach to older patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenyu Yang
- Department of General Surgery, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Peiyuan Xin
- Department of General Surgery, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Shuai Zhou
- Department of General Surgery, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Chuxin Zhou
- Department of General Surgery, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xianli He
- Department of General Surgery, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Guoqiang Bao
- Department of General Surgery, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
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204
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Jørgensen CR, Bøye R. How Does It Feel to Have a Disturbed Identity? The Phenomenology of Identity Diffusion in Patients With Borderline Personality Disorder: A Qualitative Study. J Pers Disord 2022; 36:40-69. [PMID: 34124947 DOI: 10.1521/pedi_2021_35_526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Identity diffusion is one of the defining characteristics of borderline personality disorder (BPD). Given its central importance in the formal diagnostic criteria for personality disorders, identity diffusion is remarkably under-researched. In particular, our knowledge of the phenomenology of identity diffusion needs to be improved. This study is based on semistructured interviews with 16 younger women SCID-5-diagnosed with BPD. All interviews were analyzed using the interpretative phenomenological analysis approach. On the basis of this analysis, the patients' descriptions of how identity diffusion manifests itself in their subjective experience are classified into nine categories: disintegrated self-image; using various façades to stabilize the self; painful feelings of the self as broken; feeling that the self does not fit in; inner emptiness; "I don't know what I want"; great need for attention from others to stabilize identity; feeling unable to handle interpersonal relationships; and using sex to distract the self and regulate painful self-states.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rikke Bøye
- Clinic for Personality Disorders and Suicide Prevention, Aarhus University Hospital, Skejby, Denmark
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205
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Rydahl KFK, Brund RBK, Medici CR, Straarup KMN, Straszek SPV, Østergaard SD. Bipolar disorder and regretted behavior in relation to use of social media and online dating. Bipolar Disord 2022; 24:27-38. [PMID: 34862700 DOI: 10.1111/bdi.13169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Individuals with bipolar disorder are prone to risk-taking behavior that is subsequently regretted. Here, we investigated whether this also occurs in relation to the use of social media and online dating. METHODS A questionnaire-based survey focusing on the use of social media and online dating was conducted among individuals attending an outpatient clinic for bipolar disorder, and among individuals attending two general practices in the same region (controls). The association between bipolar disorder and self-reported regretted behavior on social media/online dating sites was investigated using logistic regression with adjustment for age and sex. RESULTS A total of 124 individuals with bipolar disorder and 196 individuals without affective disorder from the general practices (controls) formed the study sample. Among the individuals with bipolar disorder who used social media, 66% reported regretted behavior as a consequence of this use, whereas only 31% of the controls reported such behavior. The corresponding numbers for individuals who used online dating were 65% for those with bipolar disorder and 31% for the controls. Following adjustment for age and sex, bipolar disorder was associated with elevated risk of regretted behavior in relation to the use of both social media (adjusted odds ratio: 3.6, 95% CI: 2.2, 5.9) and online dating (adjusted odds ratio: 4.1, 95% CI: 2.1, 8.0). CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that risk-taking behavior and subsequent regret among individuals with bipolar disorder extend to social media and online dating. Cautious use of these platforms may be particularly relevant for individuals with bipolar disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klara F K Rydahl
- Department of Affective Disorders, Aarhus University Hospital - Psychiatry, Aarhus, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - René B K Brund
- Department of Affective Disorders, Aarhus University Hospital - Psychiatry, Aarhus, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Clara R Medici
- Department of Affective Disorders, Aarhus University Hospital - Psychiatry, Aarhus, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Krista M N Straarup
- Department of Affective Disorders, Aarhus University Hospital - Psychiatry, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Sune P V Straszek
- Psychiatry, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Søren D Østergaard
- Department of Affective Disorders, Aarhus University Hospital - Psychiatry, Aarhus, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
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206
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Umatani C, Yoshida N, Yamamoto E, Akazome Y, Mori Y, Kanda S, Okubo K, Oka Y. Co-existing Neuropeptide FF and Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone 3 Coordinately Modulate Male Sexual Behavior. Endocrinology 2022; 163:6486464. [PMID: 34962983 DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqab261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Animals properly perform sexual behaviors by using multiple sensory cues. However, neural mechanisms integrating multiple sensory cues and regulating motivation for sexual behaviors remain unclear. Here, we focused on peptidergic neurons, terminal nerve gonadotropin-releasing hormone (TN-GnRH) neurons, which receive inputs from various sensory systems and co-express neuropeptide FF (NPFF) in addition to GnRH. Our behavioral analyses using knockout medaka of GnRH (gnrh3) and/or NPFF (npff) demonstrated that some sexual behavioral repertoires were delayed, not disrupted, in gnrh3 and npff single knockout males, while the double knockout appeared to alleviate the significant defects that were observed in single knockouts. We also found anatomical evidence to show that both neuropeptides modulate the sexual behavior-controlling brain areas. Furthermore, we demonstrated that NPFF activates neurons in the preoptic area via indirect pathway, which is considered to induce the increase in motivation for male sexual behaviors. Considering these results, we propose a novel mechanism by which co-existing peptides of the TN-GnRH neurons, NPFF, and GnRH3 coordinately modulate certain neuronal circuit for the control of behavioral motivation. Our results may go a long way toward understanding the functional significance of peptidergic neuromodulation in response to sensory information from the external environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chie Umatani
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, the University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nagisa Yoshida
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, the University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Eri Yamamoto
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, the University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasuhisa Akazome
- Department of Anatomy, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Yasutaka Mori
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, the University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shinji Kanda
- Laboratory of Physiology, Atmosphere and Ocean Research Institute, the University of Tokyo, Chiba, Japan
| | - Kataaki Okubo
- Department of Aquatic Bioscience, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, the University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Oka
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, the University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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207
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Renfro KJ, Haderxhanaj L, Coor A, Eastman-Mueller H, Oswalt S, Kachur R, Habel MA, Becasen JS, Dittus PJ. Sexual-risk and STI-testing behaviors of a national sample of non-students, two-year, and four-year college students. J Am Coll Health 2022; 70:544-551. [PMID: 32407180 PMCID: PMC10477969 DOI: 10.1080/07448481.2020.1756830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2019] [Revised: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine whether sexual-risk and STI-testing behaviors differ by college student status. PARTICIPANTS Sexually experienced 17- to 25-year-olds from a 2013 nationally representative panel survey that evaluated the "Get Yourself Tested" campaign. Non-students (n = 628), 2-yr (n = 319), and 4-yr college students (n = 587) were surveyed. METHODS Bivariate analyses and multiple logistic regression were used. RESULTS Students were less likely than non-students to have had an early sexual debut and to have not used condoms in their most recent relationship. 4-yr students were less likely than non-students to have had multiple sexual partners. 2-yr students were less likely than non-students to have not used contraception in their most recent relationship. CONCLUSIONS 2-yr and 4-yr college students were less likely than non-students to engage in sexual-risk behaviors. Given potentially greater risk for STI acquisition among non-students, identification and implementation of strategies to increase sexual health education and services among this population is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaytlin J. Renfro
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
- Division of STD Prevention, National Center for HIV/AIDS, Hepatitis, STD, and TB Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Laura Haderxhanaj
- Division of STD Prevention, National Center for HIV/AIDS, Hepatitis, STD, and TB Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Alexandra Coor
- Division of STD Prevention, National Center for HIV/AIDS, Hepatitis, STD, and TB Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Heather Eastman-Mueller
- Department of Applied Health Science, Indiana University Bloomington, Bloomington, Indiana, USA
| | - Sara Oswalt
- Department of Public Health, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Rachel Kachur
- Division of STD Prevention, National Center for HIV/AIDS, Hepatitis, STD, and TB Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Melissa A. Habel
- Division of STD Prevention, National Center for HIV/AIDS, Hepatitis, STD, and TB Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | | | - Patricia J. Dittus
- Division of STD Prevention, National Center for HIV/AIDS, Hepatitis, STD, and TB Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
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208
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Testa M. What Are the Chances? Perceived Risk of Sexual Victimization for Self and Others Among College Women. Violence Vict 2022; 37:141-162. [PMID: 35165164 DOI: 10.1891/vv-d-20-00170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Awareness of vulnerability to a negative outcome is considered a necessary first step to risk reduction and prevention behaviors. Accordingly, sexual assault awareness programs have sought to inform college students of the prevalence of college sexual victimization and the risk factors that contribute. The goal of the current study was to consider the degree to which incoming college freshman women recognize their risk of experiencing sexual victimization and to examine whether risk factors such as alcohol use contribute to those perceived chances. Freshman women (N = 252) were recruited via email early in the Fall semester to participate in an online survey. As expected, women perceived their own chances of sexual victimization (21.4%) to be lower than those of the average freshman at the same university (43.7%). Prior sexual victimization, typical drinking, and expected hookups predicted higher perceived risk of being victimized. Only prior victimization predicted higher perceived risk of sexual victimization for others. On average, freshman women acknowledge their substantial risk of experiencing sexual victimization during their first year of college and overestimate the chances that others will be victimized. Findings show high awareness of sexual assault and its risk factors among college students but point toward a need for prevention that goes beyond education and awareness campaigns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Testa
- Department of Psychology, Clinical and Research Institute on Addictions, University at Buffalo
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209
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Trujillo L, Robbins T, Morris E, Sionean C, Agnew-Brune C. Material Hardship and Association With Sexual Risk Behavior Among Adolescent Sexual Minority Males in 3 US Cities-National HIV Behavioral Surveillance-Young Men Who Have Sex With Men, 2015. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 2022; 89:159-165. [PMID: 34620804 PMCID: PMC10206754 DOI: 10.1097/qai.0000000000002828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Adolescent sexual minority males (ASMMs) are disproportionately affected by HIV relative to other youth within the United States. Social determinants of health have been explored among this population; however, economic determinants, such as material hardship, remain understudied. We examined the relationship between material hardship and sexual behavior among ASMMs aged 13-18 years residing in 3 US cities using 2015 data from CDC's National HIV Behavioral Surveillance among Young Men Who Have Sex with Men. METHODS Young men ages 13-18 years residing in 3 US cities were recruited through venue-based, respondent-driven, or Facebook sampling. We estimated adjusted prevalence ratios (aPRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for condomless anal intercourse (CAI) with a male sex partner in the past 12 months and with having 4 or more male sex partners in the past 12 months. RESULTS Of 547 ASMMs, 27% reported experiencing material hardship in the past 12 months. After adjusting for demographics, household characteristics, and city, ASMMs who experienced material hardship were more likely to report CAI with a male partner in the past 12 months (aPR: 1.55, 95% CI: 1.25 to 1.93) and to have had 4 or more male sex partners in the past 12 months (aPR: 1.44, 95% CI: 1.08 to 1.91). DISCUSSION More than a quarter of ASMMs experienced material hardship that was associated with increased sexual risk behavior among ASMMs. Incorporating services that address all unmet needs is important to consider for HIV prevention efforts for ASMMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsay Trujillo
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, Oak Ridge Associated Universities, Oak Ridge, TN
| | - Taylor Robbins
- Division of HIV Prevention, National Center for HIV, Viral Hepatitis, STD, and TB Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA
| | - Elana Morris
- Division of HIV Prevention, National Center for HIV, Viral Hepatitis, STD, and TB Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA
| | - Catlainn Sionean
- Division of HIV Prevention, National Center for HIV, Viral Hepatitis, STD, and TB Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA
| | - Christine Agnew-Brune
- Division of HIV Prevention, National Center for HIV, Viral Hepatitis, STD, and TB Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA
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210
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Smith L, Jacob L, López-Sánchez GF, Grabovac I, Yang L, Pizzol D, Sigman A, McDermott D, Koyanagi A. A Multicountry Study of the Violence-Related Risk Factors for Early Sexual Debut and Risky Sexual Behavior in Adolescents. J Interpers Violence 2022; 37:NP1275-NP1297. [PMID: 32517565 DOI: 10.1177/0886260520927502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Globally, the prevalence of adolescent sexual intercourse and violence is high. However, to date, no study has investigated the association between violence and sexual behavior in a large representative sample of adolescents, while multicountry studies are also lacking. The objective was thus to examine the relationship between being physically attacked and physical fighting with sexual intercourse, multiple sexual partners, and non-condom use among adolescents aged 12 to 15 years from 43 low- and middle-income countries. Cross-sectional data from 127,513 adolescents participating in the Global School-based Student Health Survey 2003-2016 were analyzed. Data on being physically attacked and physical fighting were assessed through self-report. Data on sexual behavior were collected as follows: (a) ever having had intercourse; among those who reported having had intercourse, (b) multiple (≥2) lifetime sexual partners, and (c) condom use in last sexual intercourse. Data were analyzed using multivariable logistic regression analysis with violence as the exposure and sexual behavior as the outcome, with odds ratios being estimated. Physical attack was dose-dependently and significantly associated with all three sexual behavior outcomes with it being associated with 1.42 (95% confidence interval [CI] = [1.16, 1.74]), 2.13 (95% CI = [1.39, 3.27]), and 1.48 (95% CI = [1.10, 2.00]) times higher odds for sexual intercourse, condom non-use, and multiple sex partners, respectively, when the highest category was compared with the lowest (i.e., ≥4 times vs. 0 times). As for physical fights, compared with not being in a fight in the past 12 months, being in a fight ≥4 times was associated with 2.34 (95% CI = [2.03, 2.70]) and 1.98 (95% CI = [1.56, 2.52]) times higher odds for sexual intercourse and multiple sex partners, respectively. In conclusion, in a large global sample of adolescents, physical attack and physical fight were associated with greater risk of engaging in sexual behavior. Multidimensional government programs and policies addressing violence in young adolescents may lead to reduction in early sexual debut and other risky sexual behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lee Smith
- Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge, UK
| | - Louis Jacob
- University of Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines, Paris, France
- Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Deu, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | | | - Lin Yang
- Alberta Health Services, Edmonton, Canada
- University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Damiano Pizzol
- Italian Agency for Development Cooperation, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Aric Sigman
- The All-Party Parliamentary Group on a Fit and Healthy Childhood, London, UK
| | | | - Ai Koyanagi
- Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Deu, Barcelona, Spain
- Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats, Barcelona, Spain
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211
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Leon-Larios F, Ruiz-Ferron C, Jalon-Neira RM, Praena-Fernández JM. Nursing Students' Knowledge, Awareness, and Experiences of Emergency Contraception Pills' Use. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11020418. [PMID: 35054112 PMCID: PMC8780468 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11020418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Revised: 12/31/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The emergency contraception pill (ECP) is a non-prescribed medication in Spain. However, there is not enough evidence of its use among young people to define sex education contents. The aims of this research were to describe the experiences of the use of the ECP in university students and analyze their knowledge, attitude, and awareness regarding the ECP. The cross-sectional, analytic study was conducted with nursing degree students at the University of Seville. A total of 478 students answered the questionnaire. All of the students (100%) had heard about the ECP and had a positive attitude towards this contraceptive. A total of 25.7% had used the ECP, mainly because a condom had failed or because they did not use any contraceptive at all. Deficiencies in knowledge are related with the ECPs' mechanism of action, efficacy after repeated use, and the type of ECP available. Female students who used no method at all or withdrawal, and who were over 20 years old, used ECP to a greater extent (p < 0.005). Further education initiatives focused on the use of the ECP, its efficacy, and typology are needed, particularly among future health professionals who will later educate other young people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatima Leon-Larios
- Nursing Department, Faculty of Nursing, Physiotherapy and Podiatry, University of Seville, 41009 Seville, Spain; (F.L.-L.); (J.-M.P.-F.)
| | - Cecilia Ruiz-Ferron
- Nursing Department, Faculty of Nursing, Physiotherapy and Podiatry, University of Seville, 41009 Seville, Spain; (F.L.-L.); (J.-M.P.-F.)
- University Hospital Virgen del Rocío, 41013 Seville, Spain
- Correspondence:
| | | | - Juan-Manuel Praena-Fernández
- Nursing Department, Faculty of Nursing, Physiotherapy and Podiatry, University of Seville, 41009 Seville, Spain; (F.L.-L.); (J.-M.P.-F.)
- Unit Biostatistic, Department of Statistics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain
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212
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Holt M, Broady T, Callander D, Pony M, Duck-Chong L, Cook T, Rosenberg S. Sexual experience, relationships, and factors associated with sexual and romantic satisfaction in the first Australian Trans & Gender Diverse Sexual Health Survey. Int J Transgend Health 2022; 24:38-48. [PMID: 36713145 PMCID: PMC9879190 DOI: 10.1080/26895269.2021.2016540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Background: Sexual and romantic satisfaction are important aspects of sexual health and wellbeing, but they have not been thoroughly investigated among transgender and gender diverse ('trans') people in Australia. Aims: To address this gap and improve sexual health and wellbeing, we assessed the sexual behavior and relationships of a national sample of trans people in Australia, and factors associated with sexual and romantic satisfaction. Methods: We conducted a national survey of trans people from Australia in October-November 2018. Results: The sample included 1,613 trans participants, of whom 353 (21.9%) were men, 397 (24.6%) were women and 863 (53.5%) were non-binary. Over 70% of the sample had been sexually active in the previous year, and 56.9% were in a relationship, but only 32.4% were satisfied with the sexual aspects and 47.1% with the romantic aspects of their lives. Sexual satisfaction was associated with younger age, being asexual, having more trans friends, more frequent sex, and using illicit drugs in the context of sexual activity. Anxiety or fear about sex was associated with less sexual satisfaction, as was being in an open relationship. Romantic satisfaction was associated with younger age, having non-binary partners, and being in a current relationship (particularly a monogamous one). Recent distress, anxiety, or fear about sex were associated with less romantic satisfaction. Conclusion: Participants reported a broad range of sexual relationships, but low levels of satisfaction with the sexual and romantic aspects of their lives. The findings underscore the importance of supportive partners, access to social support and peer networks of trans people, as well as access to mental health support and sex-positive, trans affirming counseling in sexual health services.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Holt
- Centre for Social Research in Health, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Timothy Broady
- Centre for Social Research in Health, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Denton Callander
- Centre for Social Research in Health, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- The Kirby Institute, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Mish Pony
- Scarlet Alliance, Australian Sex Workers Association, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | | | - Teddy Cook
- The Kirby Institute, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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213
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Abstract
Individuals whose sexual attraction or behavior varies from others' expectations based on their sexual identity were initially described as exhibiting sexual orientation discordance. This conceptualization has been challenged as inaccurate and value-laden, and "branchedness" has been suggested as a value-neutral description. Using a United States national sample of 4,530 participants from the 2013-2014 Center for Collegiate Mental Health database, we challenge the empirical distinctness of the phenomenon of sexual orientation discordance by 1) replicating previous work that indicates that branched individuals evidence unique psychosocial and health outcomes relative to non-branched individuals and 2) using stepwise regression to demonstrate that these differences in outcomes can be accounted for by variation in sexual attraction, behavior, and identity and that "discordance" between indicators failed to explain additional variation in outcomes. We encourage researchers to adopt non-normative language and conceptualizations in their study of sexual orientation complexity and branchedness.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Tyler Lefevor
- Department of Psychology, Rhodes College, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - So Yeon Park
- Department of Psychology, Brigham Yg University, Provo, Utah, USA
| | - Maximo J Acevedo
- Department of Psychology, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah, USA
| | - Payton J Jones
- Department of Psychology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
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214
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Soraya S, Rashedi V, Saeidi M, Hashemi P, Hadi F, Ahmadkhaniha H, Shalbafan M. Comparison of Online Sexual Activity Among Iranian Individuals With and Without Substance Use Disorder: A Case-Control Study. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:889528. [PMID: 35935427 PMCID: PMC9353021 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.889528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The most important practical concerns in addiction medicine are the non-substance addiction and related addictive behaviors among individuals with substance use disorder. On the other hand, technological advances, and easy access have increased the frequency of online sexual activities (OSAs) as one of these behaviors. This study aimed to compare the prevalence of OSAs, based on the Internet Sex Screening Test (ISST) scores, among 60 patients with substance use disorder referred to Iran Psychiatric Hospital and 60 non-dependent individuals. The results showed significant negative correlations between the ISST scores and age, age at the onset of substance use, and substance use duration. There was a significant difference between the ISST scores of the case and control groups (P = 0.001). Patients who start using substances at an early age and have a great duration of substance use are more likely to engage in other addictive behaviors such as OSAs. Therefore, it is critical to consider OSAs and other addictive behaviors in patients with substance use disorder to provide better care for this vulnerable community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiva Soraya
- Research Center for Addiction and Risky Behaviors, Psychosocial Health Research Institute, Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Vahid Rashedi
- Iranian Research Center on Aging, Department of Aging, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahdieh Saeidi
- Research Center for Addiction and Risky Behaviors, Psychosocial Health Research Institute, Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Pooria Hashemi
- Mental Health Research Center, Psychosocial Health Research Institute, Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Hadi
- School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamidreza Ahmadkhaniha
- Research Center for Addiction and Risky Behaviors, Psychosocial Health Research Institute, Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammadreza Shalbafan
- Mental Health Research Center, Psychosocial Health Research Institute, Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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215
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Polat F, Şenol DK. Examining the correlation between sexual and reproductive health stigmatization level and gender perception: a case of a university in Turkey - a descriptive cross-sectional study. SAO PAULO MED J 2022; 141:146-153. [PMID: 36102465 PMCID: PMC10005470 DOI: 10.1590/1516-3180.2022.0278.03062022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Stigmatization, which emerges depending on the sexual behavior of young individuals, leads to negative health and social outcomes, such as shame, social marginalization, violence, and mental health morbidity. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to examine the correlation between the level of sexual and reproductive health stigma and gender perception in female university students. DESIGN AND SETTING This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted at the Faculty of Health Sciences of a university in Turkey. METHODS The data of this study were collected from digital media between July and October 2020 from a study population of 385 students. The data were collected using the Personal Information Form, including the socio-demographic characteristics of students, the Sexual and Reproductive Health Stigmatization Scale in Young Women and the Perception of Gender Scale. Descriptive statistics, independent samples t-test, analysis of variance, and Pearson's correlation test were used to assess the data. RESULTS It was determined that there was a negative correlation between the Sexual and Reproductive Health Stigmatization Scale in Young Women and the Perception of Gender Scale (r = -0.173, P = 0.001). CONCLUSION It was determined that as the gender perception in the young women who participated in the study increased, the sexual and reproductive health stigmatization level decreased. The sexual and reproductive health stigmatization levels of the participants were at an above average level, and gender perception was at a medium level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filiz Polat
- PhD. Assistant Professor, Department of Midwifery, Faculty of Health
Sciences, Osmaniye Korkut Ata University, Osmaniye, Turkey
| | - Derya Kaya Şenol
- PhD. Assistant Professor, Department of Midwifery, Faculty of
Health Sciences, Osmaniye Korkut Ata University, Osmaniye, Turkey
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216
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Lew-Starowicz Z, Czajkowska K. Prevalence of sexual dysfunctions and associated risk factors in Poland. Arch Med Sci 2022; 18:1031-1040. [PMID: 35832714 PMCID: PMC9266947 DOI: 10.5114/aoms.2019.86794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2019] [Accepted: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Many biological, psychological and sociocultural factors influence the prevalence of sexual dysfunctions and sexual behavior. The purpose of the study was to evaluate the prevalence of sexual dysfunctions and sexual behaviors. MATERIAL AND METHODS The study was the third edition of a general population-based, cross sectional survey, evaluating sexual attitude, sexual behaviors within and outside relationships and type of sexual dysfunctions present in the Polish population. The survey consisted of 82 questions, grouped into five blocks that contained open- and closed-ended general questions, inquiries about early sexual contacts, sex life, relationships, sexual behaviors and preferences. A standard questionnaire was used to obtain data on age, education, marital status, religious beliefs, medical history, disabilities and other illnesses. A total of 1054 responders aged from 18 to over 70 years participated in the study. Risk factors and other causes contributing to certain sexual dysfunctions defined in the DSM-5 and in the available literature were analyzed. RESULTS In this research, 40% of women and 36.5% of men had at least one sexual dysfunction. Analysis of the total population showed that decreased sexual desire (29.0%), occasional climaxing (28.5%) and anorgasmia (21.0%) were the dysfunctions most frequently reported by women. In men, premature ejaculation (23%) and excessive sexual needs (16.3%) were most prevalent. Both men and women with arousal problems reported significantly more comorbid sexual dysfunctions (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Sexual dysfunctions are highly prevalent in the Polish population. Of note, it is alarming that only very few patients seek professional help when sexual problems occur.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zbigniew Lew-Starowicz
- Medical Sexology and Psychotherapy Department, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Warsaw, Poland
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217
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Abstract
The emergence of the monkeypox virus (MPXV) outbreak in 2022 is a worldwide health issue. The rapid increase of monkeypox cases caused the WHO to designate the escalating global monkeypox outbreak a Public Health Emergency of International Concern on July 23, 2022. The WHO has called on the group currently most affected by the virus, men who have sex with men (MSM), to limit their sexual partners. The diminution in number of sexual partners not only decreases the proportion of infected MSM but could also increases the number of days needed to reach a given infection level among the general population. Several behavioral factors could be associated with high levels of different sexual partners, such as cannabis use and alcohol consumption. Firstly, this review focuses on the association between cannabis and alcohol consumption and the number of sexual partners, and their possible impact on the current MPXV outbreak by impairing the immune responses. Secondly, this review investigated in the UK Biobank cohort the relationship between alcohol and cannabis use and the number of sexual partners. Among the 115,604 participants, 1.8% declared to be MSM, 1.9% to be WSW (women having sex with women), 43.3% men heterosexuals and 53.0% women heterosexuals. MSM and WSW showed higher lifetime sexual partners (N = 17.4 (SD:17.52) and N = 13.65 (SD: 13.21), respectively) compared to heterosexual men (N = 6.89 (SD: 9.47) and women (N = 5.19 (SD:6.56), p < 0.001. After adjustment for age, body mass index, lifetime sexual activity, educational and income levels, tobacco and cardiovascular diseases, cannabis use and alcohol consumption remained significantly associated with increase in the number of different sexual partners in all four subgroups. Thus, cannabis use and alcohol consumption may have two detrimental effects on the MPXV outbreak: by participating in the increase of the number of sexual partners which are mainly responsible for the augmentation of the number of new MPXV infected cases and by impairing the immune response to a viral infection. Health and safety policies should address the factors and practices, including chemsex, leading to an increase in risk of sexual behaviors responsible for MPXV dissemination in the worldwide population.
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218
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Butruille L, Batailler M, Cateau ML, Sharif A, Leysen V, Prévot V, Vaudin P, Pillon D, Migaud M. Selective Depletion of Adult GFAP-Expressing Tanycytes Leads to Hypogonadotropic Hypogonadism in Males. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:869019. [PMID: 35370973 PMCID: PMC8966543 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.869019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
In adult mammals, neural stem cells are localized in three neurogenic regions, the subventricular zone of the lateral ventricle (SVZ), the subgranular zone of the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus (SGZ) and the hypothalamus. In the SVZ and the SGZ, neural stem/progenitor cells (NSPCs) express the glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and selective depletion of these NSPCs drastically decreases cell proliferation in vitro and in vivo. In the hypothalamus, GFAP is expressed by α-tanycytes, which are specialized radial glia-like cells in the wall of the third ventricle also recognized as NSPCs. To explore the role of these hypothalamic GFAP-positive tanycytes, we used transgenic mice expressing herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase (HSV-Tk) under the control of the mouse Gfap promoter and a 4-week intracerebroventricular infusion of the antiviral agent ganciclovir (GCV) which kills dividing cells expressing Tk. While GCV significantly reduced the number and growth of hypothalamus-derived neurospheres from adult transgenic mice in vitro, it causes hypogonadotropic hypogonadism in vivo. The selective death of dividing tanycytes expressing GFAP indeed results in a marked decrease in testosterone levels and testicular weight, as well as vacuolization of the seminiferous tubules and loss of spermatogenesis. Additionally, GCV-treated GFAP-Tk mice show impaired sexual behavior, but no alteration in food intake or body weight. Our results also show that the selective depletion of GFAP-expressing tanycytes leads to a sharp decrease in the number of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH)-immunoreactive neurons and a blunted LH secretion. Overall, our data show that GFAP-expressing tanycytes play a central role in the regulation of male reproductive function.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Ariane Sharif
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Laboratory of Development and Plasticity of the Neuroendocrine Brain, Lille Neurosciences & Cognition, UMR-S1172, Lille, France
| | - Valérie Leysen
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Laboratory of Development and Plasticity of the Neuroendocrine Brain, Lille Neurosciences & Cognition, UMR-S1172, Lille, France
| | - Vincent Prévot
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Laboratory of Development and Plasticity of the Neuroendocrine Brain, Lille Neurosciences & Cognition, UMR-S1172, Lille, France
| | - Pascal Vaudin
- CNRS, IFCE, INRAE, Université de Tours, PRC, Nouzilly, France
| | - Delphine Pillon
- CNRS, IFCE, INRAE, Université de Tours, PRC, Nouzilly, France
| | - Martine Migaud
- CNRS, IFCE, INRAE, Université de Tours, PRC, Nouzilly, France
- *Correspondence: Martine Migaud,
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219
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Otivo RM, Crisostomo S, Zevallos L, Ninahuanca C, Montalvo M. Sexual Behavior of Men Who Have Sex with Men and Its Relationship to Sexually Transmitted Infections during an Outbreak of the Human Monkeypox Virus. Acta Medica (Hradec Kralove) 2022; 65:133-138. [PMID: 36942703 DOI: 10.14712/18059694.2023.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is a high frequency of monkeypox (MPOX) and sexually transmitted infections (STIs) in men who have sex with men (MSM). AIM To identify the sexual behavior of MSM during the MPOX infection period. METHODS We conducted an observational study of cases and controls were carried out. RESULTS A total of 171 participants were considered, two heterosexual male controls (MSW) were included for each case of MSM with a consecutive selection of people who attended the STI prevention and control center from January to July 2022. The results revealed that the mean number of sexual partners reported in the last year was higher in cases (4.2) compared to controls 1.9 (p < 0.05). The related conditions for MSM to acquire some type of STI were sexual intercourse under the influence of alcohol (OR 2.42; 95% CI: 1.11-3.96), forgetting to use a protection method (condom) (OR 3.16; 95%: 1.73-7.48) and sexual intercourse with casual couples (OR 1.4; 95% CI: 1.01-2.16). CONCLUSION Our findings demonstrated a link between the sexual behavior of men who have sex with men and the high prevalence of sexually transmitted infections during the human monkeypox virus outbreak.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sonia Crisostomo
- Infectious Diseases, Hospital Daniel Alcides Carrión, Huancayo, Peru
| | - Liz Zevallos
- Infectious Diseases, Hospital Daniel Alcides Carrión, Huancayo, Peru
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220
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Zou S, Cao W, Jia Y, Wang Z, Qi X, Shen J, Tang K. Sexual and reproductive health and attitudes towards sex of young adults in China. BMJ Sex Reprod Health 2022; 48:e13-e21. [PMID: 33504512 DOI: 10.1136/bmjsrh-2020-200766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Revised: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The study aimed to discuss the importance of socioeconomic status (SES) and family sexual attitudes and investigate their association with sexual and reproductive health in a large sample of Chinese young adults. METHODS We analysed a large sample of 53 508 youth aged 15-24 years from an internet-based survey from November 2019 to February 2020. Multivariable logistic regression analyses were employed to examine the association between SES, family sexual attitudes, and sexual and reproductive health (SRH), stratified by sex and adjusting for potential confounders. RESULTS Individuals with the highest expenditure were more likely to engage in early sexual intercourse (female: OR 4.19, 95% CI 3.00 to 5.87; male: OR 3.82, 95% CI 2.84 to 5.12). For both sexes, the likelihood of young adult sexual risk-taking such as first intercourse without using a condom, acquiring sexually transmitted infections, and pregnancy was lower in those with higher maternal educational attainment, whereas it was higher in those with open family sexual attitudes. CONCLUSIONS Lower SES and open family attitudes toward sex had a significant association with a range of adverse young adulthood SRH outcomes. Public health policies should focus on more deprived populations and advocate suitable parental participation to reduce risky sexual behaviours in youth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyu Zou
- Vanke School of Public Health, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
- School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Centre, Beijing, China
| | - Wenzhen Cao
- Vanke School of Public Health, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
- Department of Information Management, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yawen Jia
- School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Centre, Beijing, China
| | - Zhicheng Wang
- Vanke School of Public Health, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Xinran Qi
- School of Nursing, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jiashu Shen
- School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Centre, Beijing, China
| | - Kun Tang
- Vanke School of Public Health, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
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221
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Mourikis I, Kokka I, Koumantarou-Malisiova E, Kontoangelos K, Konstantakopoulos G, Papageorgiou C. Exploring the adult sexual wellbeing and behavior during the COVID-19 pandemic. A systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:949077. [PMID: 36061280 PMCID: PMC9433807 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.949077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Implemented social distancing measures may have forestalled the spread of COVID-19, yet they suppressed the natural human need for contact. The aim of this systematic review was to explore the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on adult sexual wellbeing and sexual behavior. An extensive search in Pubmed, Scopus, and PsycInfo databases based on PRISMA guidelines was conducted. After applying specific eligibility criteria, screening resulted in 38 studies. Results were drawn from 31,911 subjects and outlined the negative effect of the pandemic in sexual frequency, function, satisfaction, and the behavioral changes regarding masturbation and internet-based practices. Meta-analyses of the drawn data on 1,343 female, and 1,372 male subjects quantified the degree of sexual function change during the COVID-19 pandemic vs. prior the pandemic. A random effects model revealed the significant negative impact of the pandemic on female sexual function (SMD: 0.76, 95% CI:0.74 to 1.59), while no significant change was found for the males (SMD: 0.25, 95% Cl: -0.03 to 0.52). Significant heterogeneity was identified across included studies (p < 0.00001, I2 = 97%, I2 = 90% for females and males, respectively). As part of the global health, sexual wellbeing should be on the focus of clinicians and researchers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iraklis Mourikis
- First Department of Psychiatry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, Outpatient Specialty Clinic for Sexual Health Eginition Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Ioulia Kokka
- First Department of Psychiatry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, Outpatient Specialty Clinic for Sexual Health Eginition Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Elli Koumantarou-Malisiova
- First Department of Psychiatry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, Outpatient Specialty Clinic for Sexual Health Eginition Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Konstantinos Kontoangelos
- First Department of Psychiatry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, Eginition Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - George Konstantakopoulos
- First Department of Psychiatry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, Eginition Hospital, Athens, Greece.,Research Department of Clinical, Educational and Health Psychology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Charalabos Papageorgiou
- First Department of Psychiatry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, Outpatient Specialty Clinic for Sexual Health Eginition Hospital, Athens, Greece.,Neurosciences and Precision Medicine Research Institute "Costas Stefanis" (UMHRI), University Mental Health, Athens, Greece
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Teixeira JRB, Lima SVMA, de Sousa AR, Queiroz AAFLN, Barreto NMPV, Mendes IAC, Fronteira I, de Sousa ÁFL. Determinants of sexual exposure to HIV in Portuguese and Brazilian adolescents: a path analysis. Rev Lat Am Enfermagem 2022. [PMID: 36197395 PMCID: PMC9647887 DOI: 10.1590/1518-8345.6222.3714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE to analyze the direct and indirect effects of determinants of sexual exposure to the human immunodeficiency virus among male adolescents who have sex with men and the implications for nursing care. METHOD cross-sectional study carried out with 578 Portuguese and Brazilian adolescents aged 18 and 19. Interrelationships of conjugal status, use of dating apps, practice of chemsex, unawareness, partner credibility, challenging sexual practices and ineffective forms of protection against sexual exposure to the human immunodeficiency virus were evaluated using the Path Analysis technique. RESULTS significant direct effect on sexual exposure to the human immunodeficiency virus: conjugal status (β=-0.16), use of apps (β=-0.30), challenging sexual practices (β=0.48) and ineffective forms of protection (β=0.35). Indirect paths: partner credibility influenced ineffective forms of protection (β=0.77); having a steady/polyamorous relationship influenced the use of dating apps (β=-0.46); chemsex, mediated by challenging sexual practices (β=0.67), determined greater sexual exposure. CONCLUSION adolescent sexual behaviors and forms of amorous/sexual relationship must be considered in nursing care planning to reduce sexual exposure to the human immunodeficiency virus. UNLABELLED (1) Adolescents present high prevalence (81.0%) of sexual exposure to HIV. (2) Specificities of sexual practices are determinant factors of sexual exposure. (3) The higher the credibility given to a partner, the higher the sexual exposure to HIV. (4) Challenging sexual practices (such as fisting) determine sexual exposure. (5) Nursing care must focus on lowering exposure to HIV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jules Ramon Brito Teixeira
- Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana, Departamento de Saúde Coletiva, Feira de Santana, BA, Brasil
- Bolsista do Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq), Brasil
| | | | | | | | | | - Isabel Amélia Costa Mendes
- Universidade de São Paulo, Escola de Enfermagem de Ribeirão Preto, Centro Colaborador da OPAS/OMS para o Desenvolvimento da Pesquisa em Enfermagem, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brasil
| | - Inês Fronteira
- Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical, Lisboa, LX, Portugal
| | - Álvaro Francisco Lopes de Sousa
- Bolsista do Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq), Brasil
- Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical, Lisboa, LX, Portugal
- Centro Universitário UNINOVAFAPI, Teresina, PI, Brasil
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223
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Casola AR, Matson PA, Jones RM. Association between relationship characteristics, sexual health attitudes, and dual contraceptive use among young adult college students aged 18-24. J Am Coll Health 2022; 70:314-324. [PMID: 32529927 DOI: 10.1080/07448481.2020.1751172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2019] [Revised: 01/26/2020] [Accepted: 03/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Objective Determine the relationship characteristics, sexual health attitudes, and demographic factors associated with dual contraceptive use among college students. Participants: September-October 2018 via campus email, we recruited College of Public Health students attending a large, urban, public university (N = 424). Methods: Respondents completed a cross-sectional, Web-based sexual health questionnaire. Descriptive statistics were calculated. Multiple logistic regression models were run to determine the association between relationship characteristics, pregnancy and condom attitudes, demographics, and dual use the last time having sex. Results: In independent models, one-unit increase in trust (aOR = 0.982; 95% CI: 0.966-0.998) and commitment score (aOR = 0.987, 95% CI: 0.976-0.999) was inversely associated with dual use while sex with a casual date/acquaintance (aOR = 3.149; 95% CI: 1.550-6.397) was positively associated. In a fully adjusted model for all correlates, only trust score was significant (aOR = 0.982; 95% CI: 0.966, 0.998). Conclusions: Emotion-based constructs may be more influential on dual use behaviors than discrete relationship factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison R Casola
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Temple University College of Public Health, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Pamela A Matson
- Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Resa M Jones
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Temple University College of Public Health, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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224
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Melis MR, Argiolas A. Erectile Function and Sexual Behavior: A Review of the Role of Nitric Oxide in the Central Nervous System. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11121866. [PMID: 34944510 PMCID: PMC8699072 DOI: 10.3390/biom11121866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2021] [Revised: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO), the neuromodulator/neurotransmitter formed from l-arginine by neuronal, endothelial and inducible NO synthases, is involved in numerous functions across the body, from the control of arterial blood pressure to penile erection, and at central level from energy homeostasis regulation to memory, learning and sexual behavior. The aim of this work is to review earlier studies showing that NO plays a role in erectile function and sexual behavior in the hypothalamus and its paraventricular nucleus and the medial preoptic area, and integrate these findings with those of recent studies on this matter. This revisitation shows that NO influences erectile function and sexual behavior in males and females by acting not only in the paraventricular nucleus and medial preoptic area but also in extrahypothalamic brain areas, often with different mechanisms. Most importantly, since these areas are strictly interconnected with the paraventricular nucleus and medial preoptic area, send to and receive neural projections from the spinal cord, in which sexual communication between brain and genital apparatus takes place, this review reveals that central NO participates in concert with neurotransmitters/neuropeptides to a neural circuit controlling both the consummatory (penile erection, copulation, lordosis) and appetitive components (sexual motivation, arousal, reward) of sexual behavior.
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225
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Haddad SF, Kerbage A, Eid R, Kourie HR. Awareness about the human papillomavirus (HPV) and HPV vaccine among medical students in Lebanon. J Med Virol 2021; 94:2796-2801. [PMID: 34877678 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.27509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Revised: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
As a developing country, Lebanon lacks adequate awareness about Human papillomavirus (HPV) among its population, whether working in the medical field or not. Lebanon is traditionally considered conservative with a low incidence of sexually transmitted infections in general, but recently the incidence of HPV infections has significantly increased. The present cross-sectional study aims to evaluate the level of awareness on HPV and the attitude toward HPV vaccine among Lebanese medical students in a self-administered questionnaire-based survey. A total of 1009 answers were collected and analyzed from a population of about 3000 Lebanese medical students. Our study revealed a significant lack of knowledge and awareness on HPV among medical students in Lebanon, with a strikingly low vaccination rate (16.4%) due to many barriers. Education initiatives in medical schools remain crucial to raise awareness on HPV and promote HPV vaccination, especially among medical students, who represent the country's future healthcare providers and policymakers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara F Haddad
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Saint Joseph University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Anthony Kerbage
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Saint Joseph University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Roland Eid
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Saint Joseph University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Hampig R Kourie
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Saint Joseph University, Beirut, Lebanon
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226
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Zhu T, Gao P, Gao J, Liu X, Jiang H, Zhang X. The upregulation of tryptophan hydroxylase-2 expression is important for premature ejaculation treatment with the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor. Andrology 2021; 10:595-603. [PMID: 34874128 DOI: 10.1111/andr.13135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2021] [Revised: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although there was some evidence to suggest that the serotonergic system in the brain played an important role in premature ejaculation (PE), tryptophan hydroxylase-2 (TPH2) is considered to be the key enzyme for the synthesis of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) and few studies have reported that brain TPH2 is involved in the regulation of ejaculation. OBJECTIVES This study aimed to investigate whether changes in brain TPH2 levels were associated with PE and to explore the effects of acute administration of dapoxetine on TPH2 expression in the brain of rats with rapid ejaculation. MATERIALS AND METHODS Based on the ejaculation frequency, the male rats were split into three groups: "rapid," "normal," and "sluggish" ejaculators. The level of 5-HT in the brain was determined by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. TPH2 expression was detected by western blot analysis and immunohistochemistry. RESULTS The results showed that the concentration of 5-HT and the expression of TPH2 in rapid rats were the lowest, while those in sluggish rats were the highest. Correlation analysis also indicated the level of TPH2 was positively correlated with ejaculation latency (r = 0.8633, p < 0.0001) and negatively correlated with ejaculation frequency (r = -0.874, p < 0.001). In addition, dapoxetine acute administration to rapid rats resulted in upregulation of TPH2 expression in the brain. DISCUSSION There was an important link between the level of TPH2 and the change of ejaculation behaviors. Decreased expression of TPH2 in relevant brain regions will lead to rapid ejaculation. Moreover, the effect of dapoxetine on prolonging ejaculation may be due to the upregulation of TPH2 expression. CONCLUSION We found the correlation between the level of TPH2 in the brain and PE. The findings in this study will open up a novel way for future research in PE therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianle Zhu
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Pan Gao
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Jingjing Gao
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Xi Liu
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Hui Jiang
- Department of Andrology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China.,Department of Human Sperm Bank, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xiansheng Zhang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
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227
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Assarzadeh R, Khalesi ZB, Jafarzadeh-Kenarsari F. Sexual self-efficacy and its related factors among married women of reproductive age. Afr Health Sci 2021; 21:1817-1822. [PMID: 35283942 PMCID: PMC8889826 DOI: 10.4314/ahs.v21i4.39] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Sexual self-efficacy (SSE) has also been cited as an important factor for healthy and satisfying sex. The purpose of this study was to determine SSE and its related factors among married women of reproductive age. The present study is a cross-sectional, descriptive-analytical study. The research samples were 588 married women of reproductive age. A cluster sampling method is used to select participants. Data collection instruments were the socio-demographic form and the Sexual Self-Efficacy Scale-Female Functioning (SSES-F). Data analysis, Friedman, Multiple Linear Regression was performed through SPSS software version 16. The highest and lowest score was related to body acceptance (77.78) and communication (69.66), respectively. The results showed that age (B= 0.471, P<0.001), marital satisfaction (B= 0.11.3, P<0.001), life satisfaction (B= 3.5, P<0.03) and the economic-social welfare satisfaction were related to SSE. We've found that Women with a higher Education, Employment, higher income, and Younger husbands had the highest SSE score. The components of age, marital satisfaction, life satisfaction, and economic status affect the SSE of married women of reproductive age. The results of this study can be useful in the design and implementation of sexual health promotion interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafat Assarzadeh
- Student Research Committee, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Zahra Bostani Khalesi
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
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228
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Kelestimur H, Bulmus O, Serhatlioglu I, Ercan Z, Ozer Kaya S, Yardimci A, Ulker N, Kacar E, Canpolat S. Effects of treadmill exercise on sexual behavior and reproductive parameters in chronically stressed-male rats. Physiol Res 2021; 70:765-775. [PMID: 34505528 PMCID: PMC8820524 DOI: 10.33549/physiolres.934585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Exposure to chronic stress stimulates the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis and then simultaneously inhibits hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis (HPG) axis activity. The inhibition formed by the HPA axis is the main mechanism of action of stress on reproductive function. HPG axis activity is known to be changed by various factors, including exercise. Exercise has been found to have a number of positive effects on sexual behavior, reproductive hormones, and sperm parameters in studies with animal models for many years. The main aim of this study is to investigate the effects of chronic treadmill exercise on chronically stressed-male rats' sexual behavior, reproductive hormones, and sperm parameters. A total of 40 sexually adult male rats were randomly and equally divided into four groups as control, stress, exercise, and stress+exercise. Animals in the exercise group were subjected to the chronic treadmill exercise (moderate intensity) for 33 days with a periodic increase in speed and duration. Animals in the stress group were exposed to restraint stress for 1 h, 2 h, and 3 h during the first, second and third 15 days respectively. Sexual behavior parameters, hormone measurements, and sperm parameters were evaluated. The main effects of chronic exercise on sexual behavior were centered on a significant increase in the ejaculation frequency (EF) in the stress+exercise group. Also, sperm concentration and motility in the stress group significantly decreased, and then sperm motility was improved by exercise in the stress+exercise group. In sum, our results show that chronic treadmill exercise may improve the adverse effects of chronic stress on sexual behavior and sperm parameters in male rats in terms of some parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Kelestimur
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Firat University, Elazig, Turkey.
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229
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Tanaka NK, Hirao T, Chida H, Ejima A. A Sexually Dimorphic Olfactory Neuron Mediates Fixed Action Transition during Courtship Ritual in Drosophila melanogaster. J Neurosci 2021; 41:9732-41. [PMID: 34649953 DOI: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.1168-21.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Revised: 10/03/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Animals perform a series of actions in a fixed order during ritualistic innate behaviors. Although command neurons and sensory pathways responding to external stimuli that trigger these behaviors have been identified, how each action is induced in a fixed order in response to multimodal sensory stimuli remains unclear. Here, the sexually dimorphic lateral antennal lobe tract projection neuron 4 (lPN4) in male Drosophila melanogaster mediates the expression of a fixed behavioral action pattern at the beginning of the courtship ritual, in which a male taps a female body and then extends a wing unilaterally to produce a courtship song. We found that blocking the synaptic output of lPN4 caused an increase in the ratio of male flies that extended a wing unilaterally without tapping the female body, whereas excitation of lPN4 suppressed the transition from the tapping phase to the unilateral wing extension phase. Real-time calcium imaging showed that lPN4 is activated by a volatile pheromone, palmitoleic acid, whose responses were inhibited by simultaneous gustatory stimulation with female cuticular hydrocarbons, showing the existence of an "AND-gate" for multimodal sensory inputs during male courtship behaviors. These results suggest that the function of lPN4 is to suppress unilateral wing extension while responding to a female smell, which is released by appropriate contact chemosensory inputs received when tapping a female. As the female smell also promotes male courtship behaviors, the olfactory system is ready to simultaneously promote and suppress the progress of courtship actions while responding to a female smell.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Although it has been 80 years since Konrad Lorenz and Niko Tinbergen introduced how multiple acts comprising separate innate behaviors are released in a fixed order according to external stimuli, the neural circuits responsible for such fixed action patterns remain largely unknown. The male courtship behavior of Drosophila melanogaster is a good model to investigate how such a fixed behavioral sequence is determined in the brain. Here, we show that lateral antennal lobe tract projection neuron 4 (lPN4) in D. melanogaster functions as an "AND-gate" for volatile and contact chemosensory inputs, mediating the expression of tapping behaviors before unilateral wing extension during male courtship rituals.
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230
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Menon R, Süß T, Oliveira VEDM, Neumann ID, Bludau A. Neurobiology of the lateral septum: regulation of social behavior. Trends Neurosci 2021; 45:27-40. [PMID: 34810019 DOI: 10.1016/j.tins.2021.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Social interactions are essential for mammalian life and are regulated by evolutionary conserved neuronal mechanisms. An individual's internal state, experiences, and the nature of the social stimulus are critical for determining apt responses to social situations. The lateral septum (LS) - a structure of the basal forebrain - integrates abundant cortical and subcortical inputs, and projects to multiple downstream regions to generate appropriate behavioral responses. Although incoming cognitive information is indispensable for contextualizing a social stimulus, neuromodulatory information related to the internal state of the organism significantly influences the behavioral outcome as well. This review article provides an overview of the neuroanatomical properties of the LS, and examines its neurochemical (neuropeptidergic and hormonal) signaling, which provide the neuromodulatory information essential for fine-tuning social behavior across the lifespan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohit Menon
- Department of Behavioral and Molecular Neurobiology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Theresa Süß
- Department of Behavioral and Molecular Neurobiology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Vinícius Elias de Moura Oliveira
- Department of Behavioral and Molecular Neurobiology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany; Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology, GIGA Neurosciences, University of Liege, Liege, Belgium
| | - Inga D Neumann
- Department of Behavioral and Molecular Neurobiology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Anna Bludau
- Department of Behavioral and Molecular Neurobiology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany.
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231
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Opara I, Abrams JA, Cross K, Amutah-Onukagha N. Reframing Sexual Health for Black Girls and Women in HIV/STI Prevention Work: Highlighting the Role of Identity and Interpersonal Relationships. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2021; 18:12088. [PMID: 34831855 PMCID: PMC8621381 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182212088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Revised: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
While Black girls and women are disproportionately impacted by sexual health disparities, there continues to be an overwhelming focus on individual risk behaviors within prevention initiatives, which offers a fragmented narrative of the multidimensional nature of risk and plausibly limits effectiveness of prevention programs and attenuates reductions in disparities. Because sexual health is experienced within an individual's beliefs/values, interpersonal relationships, and behaviors and reflects larger social and cultural systems, it is important to critically examine common theories used to inform HIV/STI prevention interventions for Black women and girls. To fill this gap in the literature, we critique two commonly used theories in HIV/STI prevention interventions, namely the social cognitive theory and the theory of gender and power, by highlighting theoretical and practical strengths and weaknesses. We propose research implications that incorporate key strengths of the two theories while adding new concepts grounded in the intersectionality theory. The overall goal is to introduce a more comprehensive conceptual model that is reflective of and applicable to the multidimensional sexual experiences of Black girls and women within the evolving definition of sexual health and behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ijeoma Opara
- Yale School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | | | - Kristina Cross
- School of Social Welfare, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA;
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232
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Ayinde O, Ross JDC. Sexual exposure and sexual behaviour in the interval between gonorrhoea treatment and test of cure: a cross-sectional cohort study. Sex Transm Infect 2021; 98:401-407. [PMID: 34740975 DOI: 10.1136/sextrans-2021-055029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We explored sexual contact in the interval between the treatment for gonorrhoea and attending for a test of cure (ToC) and identified factors associated with sexual contact in this period. METHODS Multivariable analysis of demographic, behavioural and clinical data with self-reported sexual contact prior to attending for a gonorrhoea ToC evaluation among participants recruited into the 'Gentamicin for the Treatment of Gonorrhoea' trial in England, between October 2014 and November 2016. Associations with sexual contact were expressed as prevalence ratios (PR) and their corresponding 95% CI. RESULTS The median time to ToC was 15 days (interquartile range 14-20 days). 197/540 (37%) participants reported sexual contact in the time between treatment and ToC. Of these, 173/197 (88%) participants reported inconsistent condom use, including with previous partners (133/197 (68%)). A history of gonorrhoea (adjusted PR (aPR) 1.32 (1.03 to 1.69)) or syphilis (aPR 1.19 (1.08 to 1.32)), being in regular (aPR 1.71 (1.41 to 2.09)) sexual relationships, high number of partners in the last 3 months (aPR 1.77 (1.25 to 2.51))-'more than 5 partners' vs '0 to 1 partner', and attending for a ToC more than 14 days after treatment (aPR 1.40 (1.08 to 1. 81)) were associated with reporting sexual contact before the ToC appointment. However, age (aPR (1.00 (0.99 to 1.01)) and presenting with specific symptoms at baseline (aPR 1.17 (0.95 to 1.44)) were not associated with sexual contact by the ToC attendance. CONCLUSION Sexual activity after receiving treatment for gonorrhoea and prior to a ToC evaluation was common. This was associated with previous infection history and specific behavioural characteristics. Knowledge of these factors can help guide safe sex counselling at the time of treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oluseyi Ayinde
- Sexual Health and HIV, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - Jonathan D C Ross
- Sexual Health and HIV, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
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233
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Krahé B, Berger A. Pathways from College Students' Cognitive Scripts for Consensual Sex to Sexual Victimization: A Three-Wave Longitudinal Study. J Sex Res 2021; 58:1130-1139. [PMID: 34494461 DOI: 10.1080/00224499.2021.1972922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Sexual scripts serve as cognitive representations of typical elements of sexual interactions that guide sexual behavior. To the extent that cognitive scripts for consensual sex comprise elements associated with a risk of experiencing nonconsensual sex, they may be indirectly linked to sexual victimization via risky sexual behavior. A longitudinal study with 2,425 college students in Germany (58% female) examined pathways from sexual scripts for consensual sex, sexual behavior, and sexual victimization over three data waves separated by 12-month intervals. Sexual scripts and behavior were defined as risky to the extent that they include known vulnerability factors for sexual victimization (casual sex, alcohol consumption, ambiguous communication of sexual intentions). Path analyses confirmed that more risky sexual scripts prospectively predicted more risky sexual behavior, which predicted higher odds of sexual victimization. The findings held for men and women and participants with exclusively opposite-sex and both same- and opposite-sex contacts. Moreover, reciprocal influences between risky scripts and risky sexual behavior were found over time, confirming the proposed mutual reinforcement of scripts and behavior. The findings have implications for conceptualizing the role of scripts for consensual sex as vulnerability factors for sexual victimization among women and men and may inform intervention efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Krahé
- Department of Psychology, University of Potsdam (Germany)
| | - Anja Berger
- Department of Psychology, University of Potsdam (Germany)
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234
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Fasero M, Jurado-López AR, San Martín-Blanco C, Varillas-Delgado D, Coronado PJ. A higher quality of life by the Cervantes Short-Form Scale is related to a better sexual desire in postmenopausal women. Gynecol Endocrinol 2021; 37:1014-1019. [PMID: 34018895 DOI: 10.1080/09513590.2021.1929150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Evaluate the association between health relate quality of life and sexual desire in postmenopausal women and the influence of demographic descriptors on sexual desire. METHODS A observational-cross-sectional study was conducted in 521 postmenopausal women in La Zarzuela Hospital between 2018-2020. Cervantes-short form (Cervantes-SF) scale and Brief profile female sexual function (B-PFSF) scale were filled out in the consultation. High score in Cervantes-SF implies worse health-related quality of life (HR-QoL). If score is lower or equal to 20 in B-PFSF implies diagnosis of hypoactive sexual desire disorder. RESULTS There is a positive relationship between HR-QoL measured by Cervantes-SF and sexual desire measured by B-PFSF (p < .001; correlation coefficient: .223). The mean score on Cervantes-SF was 30.8 ± 14.9 and on B-PFSF was 18.7 ± 7.4. The B-PFSF score was worse in those women using systemic or vaginal hormonal treatment versus using non-hormonal treatment (18.7 ± 7.8 or 17.2 ± 7.4 vs 19.7 ± 6.5; p = .033. Smoking (b exp: .384; p = .029) and using vaginal hormonal treatment (b exp: 1.759; p = .033) are independent factors related to sexual desire. No difference was found in the wellbeing perceived by women in the different treatments (mean of minimal clinically important difference score was 2.9 in systemic vs. 3.0 in vaginal hormonal treatment). CONCLUSIONS Improvement on HR-QoL is related to improvement on sexual desire. Sexual desire is better in women with non-hormonal treatment than in women with systemic or vaginal hormonal treatment. The vaginal hormonal treatment and being current smoker are independent factors of low and high sexual desire, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Fasero
- Departament of Obstetrics and Gynecology, La Zarzuela Hospital, Madrid, Spain
- Universidad Francisco de Vitoria, Pozuelo de Alarcón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Rosa Jurado-López
- Departament of Medical Sexology, HC International Hospital. Marbella (Málaga), Marbella, Spain
| | | | | | - Pluvio J Coronado
- Instituto de Salud de la Mujer, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, IdISSC, Complutense University, Madrid, Spain
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235
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Kim H, Park KH, Park S. Gender Differences in Sexual Behaviors and Their Relevance to Mental Health among High School Students with Sexual Experience in South Korea. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2021; 18:ijerph182111295. [PMID: 34769809 PMCID: PMC8582716 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182111295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Revised: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
We explored gender differences in sexual behavior, and their relevance to mental health among high school students in South Korea. This study was based on data from the 14th Korea Youth Risk Behavior Web-Based Survey (2018). The subjects were 2460 high school students who reported sexual experiences. Student′s t-test, ANOVA, and Rao-Scott chi-squared test were performed to identify the significance of the differences. Boys had earlier sexual debuts (Rao-Scott χ2 = 53.55, p < 0.001), a lower frequency of using contraceptives (Rao-Scott χ2 = 26.57, p < 0.001), and lower rates of sex education in school (Rao-Scott χ2 = 11.20, p = 0.004). With respect to mental health factors, there was a difference in suicidality according to sexual risk behaviors, with a stronger association found in boys. In girls, there was an association between pregnancy experiences and suicidal ideation (Rao-Scott χ2 = 9.90, p = 0.003), plans (Rao-Scott χ2 = 17.25, p < 0.001), and attempts (Rao-Scott χ2 = 23.11, p < 0.001). Our findings suggest differences by gender and age group in the association between sexual behavior and mental health. It is necessary to devise a sex education strategy for adolescents considering gender and early versus late adolescent development period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyunlye Kim
- Department of Nursing, College of Medicine, Chosun University, Gwangju 61452, Korea;
| | - Kwang-Hi Park
- College of Nursing, Gachon University, Incheon 21936, Korea;
| | - Suin Park
- College of Nursing, Kosin University, Busan 49267, Korea
- Correspondence:
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236
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Bachman VF, Montaño MA, Ulrich A, Villaran M, Cabello R, Gonzalez P, Sanchez H, Lama JR, Duerr A. Correlates of condomless anal intercourse with different types of sexual partners among men who have sex with men and transgender women in Lima, Peru. AIDS Care 2021; 35:791-799. [PMID: 34702087 PMCID: PMC9038957 DOI: 10.1080/09540121.2021.1994517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION The Sabes study was registered in March 2013 with the National Institutes of Health at ClinicalTrials.gov (identifier: NCT01815580).
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria F Bachman
- University of Washington Internal Medicine Residency Program, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - Angela Ulrich
- University of Washington, Department of Epidemiology, Seattle, WA, USA.,Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Manuel Villaran
- Asociación Civil Impacta Salud y Educación, Lima, Peru.,Dirección Científica y Académia, AUNA, Lima, Peru
| | | | | | | | - Javier R Lama
- Asociación Civil Impacta Salud y Educación, Lima, Peru
| | - Ann Duerr
- University of Washington, Department of Epidemiology, Seattle, WA, USA.,Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA.,University of Washington, Department of Global Health, Seattle, WA, USA
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237
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Bottino JP, Pérez-Clariget R, Rodriguez MGK, Ratto M, Ungerfeld R. Multiple matings modify the estrous length, the moment of ovulation, and the estradiol and LH patterns in ewes. Anim Reprod 2021; 18:e20210045. [PMID: 34691265 PMCID: PMC8480990 DOI: 10.1590/1984-3143-ar2021-0045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
In several species, mating reduces the estrous length and advances ovulation. The aim of this study was to determine if multiple matings reduces the estrous length and modifies the moment of ovulation, as well as the estradiol and LH patterns in ewes. The estrous cycle of Corriedale ewes was synchronized, and the onset of receptivity was monitored every 3 h with rams, avoiding mating. At the estrous onset, ewes were assigned to two experimental groups (n=10 each): 1) estrous was monitored every 3 h with a ram avoiding mating (group CON), and 2) a ram was allowed to mate and ejaculate once every 3 h (group MAT). The ovaries were scanned with transrectal ultrasonography and blood samples were collected for measuring 17β-estradiol and LH concentrations every 3 h until ovulation. Estrus was shorter in MAT than CON ewes (24.7 ± 1.5 h vs. 30.4 ± 1.5 h, respectively; P=0.02); the proportion of animals that ovulated before the end of estrus was greater in CON ewes: (9/10 vs. 3/10, P=0.009). The area under the LH curve (AUC) was greater in MAT than CON ewes (36.1 ± 3.5 ng.h-1.mL-1 vs 24.9 ± 3.5 ng.h-1.mL-1P=0.03). However, MAT ewes had a lower 17β-estradiol AUC than CON ewes (41.0 ± 4.9 pg.h-1.mL-1 vs 59.4 ± 4.9 pg.h-1.mL-1P=0.01). Mating reduced the estrous length, induced a greater secretion of LH but less total 17β-estradiol secreted and, additionally, ovulation occurred more frequently after the end of estrus in mated ewes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Pedro Bottino
- Departamento de Biociencias Veterinarias, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Raquel Pérez-Clariget
- Departamento de Producción Animal y Pasturas, Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Mariana Garcia Kako Rodriguez
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva e Reprodução Animal, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho", Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Marcelo Ratto
- Instituto de Ciencia Animal, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Rodolfo Ungerfeld
- Departamento de Biociencias Veterinarias, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Montevideo, Uruguay
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238
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Phillips Ii G, Wang X, Ruprecht MM, Stephens R, Costa D, Beach LB, Janulis P. Associations between HIV Testing and Consent Policies among Sexually Active Adolescents: Differences by Sexual Behavior. AIDS Care 2021; 34:862-868. [PMID: 34668801 DOI: 10.1080/09540121.2021.1991878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
HIV incidence remains high among US youth, especially among sexual minority youth. However, only half of youth with HIV are aware of their status. One potential explanation for low HIV testing rates is that restrictive policies may prevent minors from access HIV testing due to parental consent requirements. Using pooled data from the local Youth Risk Behavior Survey, we assessed whether state HIV testing laws, including age restrictions and explicit inclusion of HIV in STI testing consent laws, were associated with differences in HIV testing rates; differences by sexual behavior were also examined. Among female youth, policies were not associated with HIV testing. However, among male youth, both the presence of age restrictions and explicit inclusion in STI services were significantly associated with increased odds of HIV testing. Results indicate that policy changes may be effective at increasing testing among male youth who have sex with other males.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory Phillips Ii
- Northwestern University Department of Medical Social Sciences, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Xinzi Wang
- Northwestern University Department of Medical Social Sciences, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Megan M Ruprecht
- Northwestern University Department of Medical Social Sciences, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Reno Stephens
- Northwestern University Department of Medical Social Sciences, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Diogo Costa
- Northwestern University Department of Medical Social Sciences, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Lauren B Beach
- Northwestern University Department of Medical Social Sciences, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Patrick Janulis
- Northwestern University Department of Medical Social Sciences, Chicago, IL, USA
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239
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Pérez J, Mendez V, Yuval B, Taylor PW. Domestication-related changes in sexual performance of Queensland fruit fly. Insect Sci 2021; 28:1491-1503. [PMID: 32965085 DOI: 10.1111/1744-7917.12873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Revised: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In Sterile Insect Technique (SIT) programs, massive numbers of insects are reared, sterilized, and released in the field to impede reproduction of pest populations. The domestication and rearing processes used to produce insects for SIT programs may have significant evolutionary impacts on life history and reproductive biology. We assessed the effects of domestication on sexual performance of laboratory reared Queensland fruit fly, Bactrocera tryoni, by comparing an old (49 generations) and a young colony (5 generations). We evaluated mating propensity, mating latency, copula duration, sperm transfer, and ability to induce sexual inhibition in mates. Overall, both males and females from the old colony had greater mating propensity than those from the young colony. Copula duration was longer when females were from the old colony. There was no evidence of sexual isolation between the colonies as males and females from the two colonies had similar propensity to mate with flies from either colony. Males from the old colony transferred more sperm regardless of which colony their mate was from. Finally, males from both colonies were similarly able to induce sexual inhibition in their mates and were also similarly able to secure copulations with already-mated females. Positive effects of domestication on sperm transfer, coupled with maintained ability to induce sexual inhibition in mates and to secure copulations with previously mated females, highlights that domestication may have little effect, or even positive effects, on some aspects of sexual performance that may advantage mass-reared B. tryoni in SIT programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeanneth Pérez
- Applied BioSciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia
- Australian Research Council Industrial Transformation Training Centre for Fruit Fly Biosecurity Innovation, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia
| | - Vivian Mendez
- Applied BioSciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia
- Australian Research Council Industrial Transformation Training Centre for Fruit Fly Biosecurity Innovation, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia
| | - Boaz Yuval
- Department of Entomology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Phillip W Taylor
- Applied BioSciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia
- Australian Research Council Industrial Transformation Training Centre for Fruit Fly Biosecurity Innovation, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia
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240
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Abstract
Minimizing error in self-reported sexual behavior could reduce investigators' likelihood of rejecting truly successful interventions to decrease HIV and STI transmission risk. Sexual behavior assessments can elicit problematic data. This may manifest in the form of elevated levels of non-response, inaccurate point estimates, or misclassification errors resulting in inappropriately answering or, perhaps more importantly, skipping questions. We programed conversational interviewing elements into 20 sexual behavior questions in an exit survey of gay bathhouse patrons (N = 459) administered using ACASI. Those elements, called alternate pathways, included follow-up questions to responses to confirm that operational definitions were applied in the answer (with return to the initial question if confirmation failed), and assurances of confidentiality and requests for best guesses in reaction to non-response (including "don't know"). These elements were invoked in nearly 10% of participants, and approximately 74% of all invocations resulted in a usable numeric response, or 87% if the data need only estimate prevalence. Almost two-thirds of the problematic data issues occurred in answers to sexual contact questions, with others related to follow-up questions about specific sexual behavior. It is at this level of important filtering questions where the benefits of the approach are likely to be maximized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lance M. Pollack
- Center for AIDS Prevention Studies, University of California San Francisco
| | - John A. Sauceda
- Center for AIDS Prevention Studies, University of California San Francisco
| | - Paul D. Cotten
- Center for AIDS Prevention Studies, University of California San Francisco
| | | | - William J. Woods
- Center for AIDS Prevention Studies, University of California San Francisco
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241
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Abstract
The health of transgender adolescents (i.e., those identifying with a gender other than their sex assigned at birth) is gaining attention from researchers, yet little work has examined normative sexual behaviors among this population. Self-identified gender minority adolescents, including those identifying as trans boys, trans girls, nonbinary, and questioning their gender identity (age range 14-18, Mage = 16, n = 1,223) from all 50 U.S. states responded to anonymous online surveys. Participants reported on their age of initiation and number of sexual partners for four sexual behaviors ranging in intimacy (i.e., sexual touching, oral sex, vaginal sex, and anal sex). Participants also indicated the gender of their sexual partners and experiences with sexually transmitted infections (STIs), STI tests, and pregnancy. Overall, transgender adolescents' age of initiating sexual behaviors and number of sexual partners are similar to those observed in prior studies of cisgender adolescents. No differences were found between gender identity subgroups on ever engaging, age of initiation, number of partners, and gender of partners across the four sexual behaviors, with some exceptions for anal sex. Participants reported low rates of STIs and pregnancy, but also low rates of STI testing. Implications for sex education and health care are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne J. Maheux
- University of Pittsburgh, Department of Psychology
- University of Delaware, Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences
| | - Yiyao Zhou
- University of Pittsburgh, Department of Psychology
- Indiana University Bloomington, Department of Counseling and Educational Psychology
| | | | | | - Sophia Choukas-Bradley
- University of Pittsburgh, Department of Psychology
- University of Delaware, Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences
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242
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Harkness A, Weinstein ER, Atuluru P, Vidal R, Rodriguez-Diaz CE, Safren SA. "Let's Hook Up When the Pandemic is Over:" Latinx Sexual Minority Men's Sexual Behavior During COVID-19. J Sex Res 2021; 58:951-957. [PMID: 33661064 PMCID: PMC8417157 DOI: 10.1080/00224499.2021.1888064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
COVID-19 led to substantial changes in individuals' lives due to preventive measures, including social distancing and "stay at home" orders. One type of social interaction likely impacted is intimacy and sexual relationships. Sexual minority men have long navigated the impact of another pandemic, HIV, on their sexual lives. This study explored the impact of COVID-19 on Latinx sexual minority men's (LSMM) sexual behaviors in South Florida, an HIV and COVID-19 epicenter. A rapid qualitative analysis of semi-structured interviews with LSMM (N = 20) revealed five themes: (1) increased sex with a primary partner, (2) fewer sexual partners, (3) continued pre-COVID-19 sexual activity, often following "quarantine fatigue," (4) opportunities and challenges related to navigating COVID-19 prevention and sex, and (5) using sexual networking apps in new ways. The findings suggest LSMM's resilience and their ongoing health needs during COVID-19, with implications for interventions to promote LSMM's safe and satisfying sex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Audrey Harkness
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Miami, Clinical Research Center, Miami, FL, USA
| | | | - Pranusha Atuluru
- Department of Medicine, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Ronald Vidal
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Miami, Clinical Research Center, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Carlos E. Rodriguez-Diaz
- Milken Institute of School of Public Health, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
- University of Puerto Rico-Medical Sciences Campus, School of Public Health, San Juan, PR, USA
| | - Steven A. Safren
- Department of Psychology, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL, USA
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243
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Morgan E, Meites E, Markowitz LE, Xavier Hall CD, Querec TD, Unger ER, Crosby RA, Newcomb ME, Mustanski B. Sexual Positioning Practices and Anal Human Papillomavirus Infection Among Young Men Who Have Sex with Men and Transgender Women-Chicago, Illinois, 2016-2018. Sex Transm Dis 2021; 48:709-713. [PMID: 34110734 PMCID: PMC8459672 DOI: 10.1097/olq.0000000000001433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human papillomavirus (HPV) is the most common sexually transmitted infection in the United States; men who have sex with men (MSM) have higher prevalence of infection and related disease compared with other men. We assessed whether differences in HPV acquisition exist among MSM according to their sexual positioning practices, as well as self-reported receipt of HPV vaccination. METHODS We enrolled young MSM and transgender women aged 18 to 26 years in Chicago, IL (N = 666). Participants self-reported their history of HPV vaccination and submitted self-collected anal swab specimens for type-specific HPV detection using an L1-consensus PCR assay. Multivariable logistic regression analyses were used to assess relationships between sexual positioning practices and detection of any HPV or quadrivalent HPV vaccine (4vHPV) types by vaccination status, defined as self-reported receipt of ≥1 HPV vaccine dose versus none. RESULTS Among 666 participants, 400 (60.1%) had any anal HPV, and 146 (21.9%) had a 4vHPV type. Among vaccinated participants, 18, 36, and 177 reported exclusively insertive, exclusively receptive, or both sexual positioning practices, respectively. Compared with participants reporting exclusively insertive anal sex, odds of any HPV were significantly higher among participants engaging exclusively in receptive anal sex (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 5.90; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.52-13.78), as well as those engaging in both (aOR, 3.32; 95% CI, 1.71-6.44). Vaccinated participants, compared with unvaccinated participants, had lower odds of 4vHPV-type HPV regardless of sexual positioning practices (aOR, 0.56; 95% CI, 0.34-0.92). CONCLUSIONS Adult men and transgender women who practice anal receptive sex have high prevalence of infection with any HPV. Routine vaccination of all adolescents is expected to reduce HPV-related disease incidence among adult MSM and transgender women as vaccinated cohorts age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ethan Morgan
- Infectious Disease Institute and College of Nursing, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - Elissa Meites
- Division of Viral Diseases, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA
| | - Lauri E. Markowitz
- Division of Viral Diseases, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA
| | - Casey D. Xavier Hall
- Institute for Sexual and Gender Minority Health and Wellbeing, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
- Department of Medical Social Sciences, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
| | - Troy D. Querec
- Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA
| | - Elizabeth R. Unger
- Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA
| | | | - Michael E. Newcomb
- Institute for Sexual and Gender Minority Health and Wellbeing, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
- Department of Medical Social Sciences, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
| | - Brian Mustanski
- Institute for Sexual and Gender Minority Health and Wellbeing, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
- Department of Medical Social Sciences, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
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244
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Snow-Hill NL, Donenberg G, Feil EG, Smith DR, Floyd BR, Leve C. A Technology-Based Training Tool for a Health Promotion and Sex Education Program for Justice-Involved Youth: Development and Usability Study. JMIR Form Res 2021; 5:e31185. [PMID: 34591028 PMCID: PMC8517818 DOI: 10.2196/31185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Revised: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Justice-involved youth are especially vulnerable to mental health distress, substance misuse, and risky sexual activity, amplifying the need for evidence-based programs (EBPs). Yet, uptake of EBPs in the justice system is challenging because staff training is costly in time and effort. Hence, justice-involved youth experience increasing health disparities despite the availability of EBPs. Objective To counter these challenges, this study develops and pilot-tests a prototype of a technology-based training tool that teaches juvenile justice staff to deliver a uniquely tailored EBP for justice-involved youth—PHAT (Preventing HIV/AIDS Among Teens) Life. PHAT Life is a comprehensive sex education, mental health, and substance use EBP collaboratively designed and tested with guidance from key stakeholders and community members. The training tool addresses implementation barriers that impede uptake and sustainment of EBPs, including staff training and support and implementation costs. Methods Staff (n=11) from two juvenile justice settings pilot-tested the technology-based training tool, which included five modules. Participants completed measures of HIV and sexually transmitted infection (STI) knowledge, sex education confidence, and implementation outcomes such as training satisfaction, adoption, implementation, acceptability, appropriateness, and sustainability. PHAT Life trainers assessed fidelity through two activity role plays participants submitted upon completing the training modules. Results Participants demonstrated increases in HIV and STI knowledge (t10=3.07; P=.01), and were very satisfied (mean 4.42, SD 0.36) with the training tool and the PHAT Life curriculum. They believed that the training tool and curriculum could be adopted, implemented, and sustained within their settings as an appropriate and acceptable intervention and training. Conclusions Overall, the results from this pilot test demonstrate feasibility and support continuing efforts toward completing the training tool and evaluating it within a fully powered randomized controlled trial. Ultimately, this study will provide a scalable option for disseminating an EBP and offers a more cost-effective and sustainable way to train staff in an EBP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nyssa L Snow-Hill
- Center for Dissemination and Implementation Science, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Geri Donenberg
- Center for Dissemination and Implementation Science, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | | | | | - Brenikki R Floyd
- School of Public Health, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Craig Leve
- Influents Innovations, Eugene, OR, United States
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Laoung-on J, Saenphet K, Jaikang C, Sudwan P. Effect of Moringa oleifera Lam. Leaf Tea on Sexual Behavior and Reproductive Function in Male Rats. Plants (Basel) 2021; 10:plants10102019. [PMID: 34685828 PMCID: PMC8537186 DOI: 10.3390/plants10102019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Moringa oleifera Lam. (M. oleifera) has been called the "miracle tree" due to its attributes for therapy in various diseases. However, M. oleifera studies on the male reproductive system have been limited. The aim of this study was a phytochemical screening and investigation of the effects of M. oleifera leaf tea on sexual behavior, reproductive function and antioxidant activities. Male rats were fed with M. oleifera leaf tea extract at doses of 0.55, 1.10 and 2.20 mg/kg or distilled water for 30 days. The result showed that M. oleifera leaf tea contained rich total phenols and flavonoids. The courtship behavior, seminiferous tubule diameter, epithelium height, epithelium area, type A spermatogonia, and spermatogonia efficiency were significantly increased in all treatment groups. The groups treated with 1.10 and 2.20 mg/kg increased the number of Sertoli cells. The total of spermatogenic cells increased in the group treated with 0.55 mg/kg. M. oleifera leaf tea scavenged DPPH radical, ABTS radical and H2O2, and inhibited LPO and AGEs formation. Due to M. oleifera leaf tea containing rich total phenols, flavonoids, and antioxidants, it could enhance sexual function and the male reproductive system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiraporn Laoung-on
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand;
| | - Kanokporn Saenphet
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand;
| | - Churdsak Jaikang
- Toxicology Section, Department of Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand;
| | - Paiwan Sudwan
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +66-53-93-5312 (ext. 208)
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Melis MR, Argiolas A. Oxytocin, Erectile Function and Sexual Behavior: Last Discoveries and Possible Advances. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:10376. [PMID: 34638719 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221910376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Revised: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
A continuously increasing amount of research shows that oxytocin is involved in numerous central functions. Among the functions in which oxytocin is thought to be involved are those that play a role in social and sexual behaviors, and the involvement of central oxytocin in erectile function and sexual behavior was indeed one of the first to be discovered in laboratory animals in the 1980s. The first part of this review summarizes the results of studies done in laboratory animals that support a facilitatory role of oxytocin in male and female sexual behavior and reveal mechanisms through which this ancient neuropeptide participates in concert with other neurotransmitters and neuropeptides in this complex function, which is fundamental for the species reproduction. The second part summarizes the results of studies done mainly with intranasal oxytocin in men and women with the aim to translate the results found in laboratory animals to humans. Unexpectedly, the results of these studies do not appear to confirm the facilitatory role of oxytocin found in male and female sexual behavior in animals, both in men and women. Possible explanations for the failure of oxytocin to improve sexual behavior in men and women and strategies to attempt to overcome this impasse are considered.
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Di Mauro M, Russo GI, Polloni G, Tonioni C, Giunti D, Cito G, Giammusso B, Morelli G, Masieri L, Cocci A. Sexual Behaviour and Fantasies in a Group of Young Italian Cohort. J Clin Med 2021; 10:4327. [PMID: 34640344 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10194327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Revised: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the years, sexual behaviour has changed due to the growing interest in everything related to the sexual sphere. The purpose of the study was to collect information on the sexual habits and behaviours of Italian people of all ages, sexes and sexual orientations and to describe the patterns of sexual behaviour, with the aim of gaining a representative picture of sexuality in Italy, before the COVID-19 pandemic. Participants completed a survey with 99 questions about their sexual habits. In our group first sexual experiences occurred on average around the age of 15, whilst the median age of the first sexual intercourse was 17. The fantasies that most stimulated and excited our group (Likert scale ≥ 3) was having sex in public (63.9%), having sex with more than one person at the same time (59.4%), blindfolded sex (64.9%), being tied up (56.3%) and observing a naked person (48.6%). As for pornography, we have shown that 80% of our group watched porn at home, alone or from their smartphones. Our results have several practical implications for the areas of sex education and sexual health. It is necessary to safeguard the health of young people and support them increasing their sexual well-being.
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Jianu C, Itu-Mureşan C, Topan AV, Filipescu I, Jianu ME, Melincovici CS, Mihu CM, Bolboacă SD. Continuum of Care UNAIDS Fast-Track Targets Evaluation of Patients Living with Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection. Healthcare (Basel) 2021; 9:1249. [PMID: 34682929 PMCID: PMC8535456 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare9101249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Revised: 09/12/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The current study evaluated the progress of continuum healthcare for patients living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection from Cluj County in two moments, 2016 and 2020, and compared the results to the Fast-Track targets (FTTs) proposed by the Joint United Nations Programme (UNAIDS) on HIV/AIDS. By the end of 2020, 368 out of 385 confirmed HIV-positive patients from Cluj County were under surveillance in our center, representing almost 95% of the patients living with HIV and knowing their diagnosis, compared to 87.9% in 2016. Nearly 97% of those in active follow-up from Cluj County were under antiretroviral therapy (ART) in 2020, compared to 89% in 2016. The number of virally suppressed patients from those under ART was almost 94% in 2020, compared to 82.7% in 2016, and the increase is observed regardless of the ART regime. A shift towards integrase strand transfer inhibitors, with a higher efficacy, fewer adverse effects, and fewer drug interactions, is observed, which could contribute to the decrease in HIV transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristian Jianu
- Department of Medical Informatics and Biostatistics, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (C.J.); (S.D.B.)
- Department of Immunosuppressed, Clinical Hospital of Infectious Diseases, 400348 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (C.I.-M.); (A.V.T.); (I.F.)
| | - Corina Itu-Mureşan
- Department of Immunosuppressed, Clinical Hospital of Infectious Diseases, 400348 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (C.I.-M.); (A.V.T.); (I.F.)
| | - Adriana Violeta Topan
- Department of Immunosuppressed, Clinical Hospital of Infectious Diseases, 400348 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (C.I.-M.); (A.V.T.); (I.F.)
- Department of Infectious Diseases, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400348 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Irina Filipescu
- Department of Immunosuppressed, Clinical Hospital of Infectious Diseases, 400348 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (C.I.-M.); (A.V.T.); (I.F.)
| | - Mihaela Elena Jianu
- Department of Histology, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (C.S.M.); (C.M.M.)
| | - Carmen Stanca Melincovici
- Department of Histology, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (C.S.M.); (C.M.M.)
| | - Carmen Mihaela Mihu
- Department of Histology, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (C.S.M.); (C.M.M.)
| | - Sorana D. Bolboacă
- Department of Medical Informatics and Biostatistics, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (C.J.); (S.D.B.)
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Sánchez-Rosario M, Pérez-Staples D, Valle-Mora J, Sánchez-Guillén D, Ruiz-Montoya L, Liedo P. Does body size influence mating success? A morphometric study of two Anastrepha (Diptera: Tephritidae) fruit fly species. Bull Entomol Res 2021; 112:1-13. [PMID: 34538291 DOI: 10.1017/s0007485321000833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Male mating success depends on various traits and factors, and correctly identifying these traits can be key in the context of pest management. For tephritid pests, controlled through the sterile insect technique (SIT) traits, such as male size, can be manipulated through mass-rearing procedures. Thus, it is particularly important to understand whether male size can favor mating success. Here, we evaluated mating success of males of different sizes in Anastrepha ludens and Anastrepha obliqua, two species controlled through SIT. For both species, a morphometric analysis was performed of mated and unmated mass-reared and wild males in field cages. In both A. ludens and A. obliqua, wild females did not discriminate their mates based on male size and mated more frequently with wild males regardless of size. For mass-reared males, we found no evidence of an advantage of the large males compared to small males in mating success. However, we did find differences between the morphometric traits of mass-reared and wild males. In A. ludens, traits associated to mating success were Face Width (FW), Head Width (HW), Thorax Length (TL) and Wing Length (WL), and for A. obliqua were FW, HW, WL and WW (Wing Width). Overall, FW and TL were more consistent predictors of mating success. In conclusion, female choice seems to suggest multivariate selection, confirming that overall body size (expressed as pupal diameter, which is highly correlated with weight) is not a decisive factor in male mating success in these two species. However, morphological traits such as FW, HW, TL, WL and WW may be relevant in mating preference of wild female.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayren Sánchez-Rosario
- El Colegio de la Frontera Sur (ECOSUR), Carretera Antiguo Aeropuerto, C.P. 30700, Tapachula, Chiapas, México
| | - Diana Pérez-Staples
- INBIOTECA, Universidad Veracruzana, Av. de las Culturas Veracruzanas, No.101, Col. E. Zapata, C.P. 91090, Xalapa, Veracruz, México
| | - Javier Valle-Mora
- El Colegio de la Frontera Sur (ECOSUR), Carretera Antiguo Aeropuerto, C.P. 30700, Tapachula, Chiapas, México
| | - Daniel Sánchez-Guillén
- El Colegio de la Frontera Sur (ECOSUR), Carretera Antiguo Aeropuerto, C.P. 30700, Tapachula, Chiapas, México
| | - Lorena Ruiz-Montoya
- El Colegio de la Frontera Sur (ECOSUR), Carretera Panamericana y Periférico Sur, Barrio María Auxiliadora, C.P. 29290, San Cristóbal de las Casas, Chiapas, México
| | - Pablo Liedo
- El Colegio de la Frontera Sur (ECOSUR), Carretera Antiguo Aeropuerto, C.P. 30700, Tapachula, Chiapas, México
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Howarth AR, Saunders J, Reid D, Kelly I, Wayal S, Weatherburn P, Hughes G, Mercer CH. 'Stay at home …': exploring the impact of the COVID-19 public health response on sexual behaviour and health service use among men who have sex with men: findings from a large online survey in the UK. Sex Transm Infect 2021; 98:346-352. [PMID: 34544888 PMCID: PMC8457994 DOI: 10.1136/sextrans-2021-055039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The first UK national lockdown began on 23 March 2020, in response to the COVID-19 pandemic, and led to reduced STI/HIV service provision in the UK. We investigated sexual behaviour, use and need for sexual healthcare during the pandemic. METHODS Participants (N=2018), including men (cis/transgender), transwomen and gender-diverse people reporting sex with another man (cis/transgender) or non-binary person assigned male at birth, completed an online cross-sectional survey (23 June 2020-14 July 2020), in response to adverts on social media and dating apps.Sexual behaviour, service use and unmet need for STI testing (any new male and/or multiple condomless anal sex (CAS) partners without STI testing) in the 3 months since lockdown began were examined and compared using multivariable analyses with an equivalent 3-month period in a 2017 survey (N=1918), conducted by the same research team. RESULTS Since lockdown began, 36.7% of participants reported one or more new partners, 17.3% reported CAS with multiple partners, 29.7% HIV testing (among 1815 of unknown/negative status), 24.9% STI testing and 15.4% using pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP).Since lockdown began, 25.3% of participants had unmet need for STI testing. This was more likely among Asian versus white participants (adjusted OR (aOR)=1.76, (1.14 to 2.72), p=0.01); for participants living in Scotland (aOR=2.02, (1.40 to 2.91), p<0.001) or Northern Ireland (aOR=1.93, (1.02-3.63), p=0.04) versus England; and for those living with HIV (aOR=1.83, (1.32 to 2.53), p<0.001).Compared to 2017, the equivalent 2020 subsample were less likely to report new male partners (46.8% vs 71.1%, p<0.001), multiple CAS partners (20.3% vs 30.8%, p<0.001) and have unmet need for STI testing (32.8% vs 42.5%, p<0.001) in the past 3 months. CONCLUSIONS We found potential for ongoing STI/HIV transmission among men who have sex with men during the initial UK lockdown, despite reduced sexual activity, and inequalities in service access. These findings will support public health planning to mitigate health risks during and after the COVID-19 response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison R Howarth
- UCL Institute for Global Health, University College London, London, UK .,The National Institute for Health Research Health Protection Research Unit in Blood Borne and Sexually Transmitted Infections at University College London in partnership with Public Health England, London, UK
| | - John Saunders
- UCL Institute for Global Health, University College London, London, UK.,The National Institute for Health Research Health Protection Research Unit in Blood Borne and Sexually Transmitted Infections at University College London in partnership with Public Health England, London, UK.,Blood Safety, Hepatitis, STIs and HIV Division, National Infection Service, Public Health England, London, UK
| | - David Reid
- UCL Institute for Global Health, University College London, London, UK.,The National Institute for Health Research Health Protection Research Unit in Blood Borne and Sexually Transmitted Infections at University College London in partnership with Public Health England, London, UK.,Sigma Research, Public Health, Environments and Society, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Isabelle Kelly
- UCL Institute for Global Health, University College London, London, UK.,The National Institute for Health Research Health Protection Research Unit in Blood Borne and Sexually Transmitted Infections at University College London in partnership with Public Health England, London, UK
| | - Sonali Wayal
- UCL Institute for Global Health, University College London, London, UK.,The National Institute for Health Research Health Protection Research Unit in Blood Borne and Sexually Transmitted Infections at University College London in partnership with Public Health England, London, UK
| | - Peter Weatherburn
- The National Institute for Health Research Health Protection Research Unit in Blood Borne and Sexually Transmitted Infections at University College London in partnership with Public Health England, London, UK.,Sigma Research, Public Health, Environments and Society, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Gwenda Hughes
- The National Institute for Health Research Health Protection Research Unit in Blood Borne and Sexually Transmitted Infections at University College London in partnership with Public Health England, London, UK.,Blood Safety, Hepatitis, STIs and HIV Division, National Infection Service, Public Health England, London, UK
| | - Catherine H Mercer
- UCL Institute for Global Health, University College London, London, UK.,The National Institute for Health Research Health Protection Research Unit in Blood Borne and Sexually Transmitted Infections at University College London in partnership with Public Health England, London, UK
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