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Zhao X, Peng Z, Qu L, Wang J, Li L. P318 Lower serum digoxin concentration and heart failure in Chinese: a prospective cohort study. Int J Cardiol 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-5273(08)70229-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Peng Z, Wu H, Ruiz T, Chen Q, Zhou M, Sun B, Fives-Taylor P. Role of gap3 in Fap1 glycosylation, stability, in vitro adhesion, and fimbrial and biofilm formation of Streptococcus parasanguinis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007; 23:70-8. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-302x.2007.00401.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Ma Y, Ma AG, Peng Z. A potential immunotherapy approach: mucosal immunization with an IL-13 peptide-based virus-like particle vaccine in a mouse asthma model. Vaccine 2007; 25:8091-9. [PMID: 17935839 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2007.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2007] [Revised: 08/30/2007] [Accepted: 09/03/2007] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Interleukin (IL)-13 is critical in asthma pathogenesis. Previously, we have developed an IL-13 peptide-based vaccine and confirmed that subcutaneous immunization with the vaccine suppressed airway allergic inflammatory responses in a mouse asthma model. In the present study, we sought to test if mucosal immunization with the vaccine could be a potential approach, by inducing specific autoantibodies of both local IgA in the airway and systemic IgG in serum, to provide an overall suppression of redundant IL-13 effects. The results show that intranasal vaccination induces IL-13-specific IgA responses in multiple mucosal tissues and higher titers of IgG in serum than subcutaneous vaccination. This approach leads to a more effective suppression of ovalbumin-driven Th2 patterns of antibody responses and airway IL-13 and eosinophil accumulation than subcutaneous immunization, even when the induced IL-13 IgG responses were at a similar level. In conclusion, mucosal vaccination may be an innovative potential approach in the treatment of asthma.
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Peng Z, Liu Q, Wang Q, Rector E, Ma Y, Warrington R. Novel IgE peptide-based vaccine prevents the increase of IgE and down-regulates elevated IgE in rodents. Clin Exp Allergy 2007; 37:1040-8. [PMID: 17581197 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2222.2007.02741.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Immunotherapy with anti-IgE antibodies for treatment of allergy is promising but a short half-life and extremely high cost limit its application. OBJECTIVE We sought to develop IgE vaccines that induce longer-lasting auto-antibodies to neutralize self-IgE as an alternative therapy. METHODS The vaccine was made by conjugating three synthetic peptides corresponding to human IgE receptor-binding sites to a carrier, hepatitis B surface antigen. To test the immunogenicity of the vaccine, rats were immunized with the vaccine or hepatitis B surface antigen as control. Serum IgG titres to human IgE and the IgE of other species were measured. The inhibition by rat antisera of the binding of human IgE to its receptor was assessed by ELISA, flow cytometry analysis, and passive cutaneous anaphylaxis (PCA), and its ability to recognize receptor-bound IgE was examined. The in vivo effect of the vaccine was evaluated in trichosanthin-sensitized mice and rats. In the preventative study, vaccination started before sensitization commenced, while in the treatment study, vaccination started after sensitization. Sensitized mice and rats receiving injections of the carrier served as controls. Trichosanthin-specific IgE was measured using PCA. RESULTS Sera from vaccine-immunized rats contained high titre antibodies that reacted with soluble and plate-bound but not with receptor-bound human IgE; they also reacted with mouse, rat, and dog IgE. Furthermore, the sera inhibited the binding of human IgE to its receptor in a dose-dependent manner. In preventative and treatment studies, serum trichosanthin-specific IgE levels were significantly reduced in vaccinated groups compared with controls. CONCLUSION Antibodies against self-IgE can be induced by IgE peptide-based vaccines, which are effective in preventing the increase of IgE and in down-regulating IgE in sensitized animals.
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Peng Z, Estelle F, Simons R. Mosquito Allergy and Mosquito Salivary Allergens. Protein Pept Lett 2007; 14:975-81. [DOI: 10.2174/092986607782541088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Wang Q, Beckett A, Simons FER, Peng Z. Comparision of the mosquito saliva-capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and the unicap test in the diagnosis of mosquito allergy. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2007; 99:199-200. [PMID: 17718112 DOI: 10.1016/s1081-1206(10)60650-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Yan JH, Peng Z, Lu SY, Li XD, Ni MJ, Cen KF, Dai HF. Degradation of PCDD/Fs by mechanochemical treatment of fly ash from medical waste incineration. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2007; 147:652-7. [PMID: 17499433 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2007.02.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2006] [Revised: 01/11/2007] [Accepted: 02/28/2007] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
The potential of mechanochemical treatment (MC) to degrade PCDD/Fs contained in fly ash was tested via grounding with and without calcium oxide (CaO) under atmospheric pressure. Three types of fly ash collected from medical waste incineration were compared, originating either from rotary kiln fluidized bed multi-stage incinerator using activated carbon spray (FA1, FA2), or a simple stoker incinerator without activated carbon spray (FA3). In test I: CaO to FA1 mixed at ratio of 6-60% was milled at rotational speed of 350 rpm; in test II: FA2 and FA3 without CaO were milled at rotational speed of 400 rpm. The duration of the tests was 2h. The results from the present study indicate that (1) under two test conditions of with and without CaO, PCDD/Fs contained in real fly ash both can be degraded by mechanochemical treatment, (2) under condition of blending with CaO, the degradation efficiency of PCDD/Fs increased with increasing ratio of CaO, (3) the degradation efficiency of PCDD/Fs may increase with rotational speed increasing and (4) the destruction and dechlorination are major mechanism for PCDD/Fs degradation. These results show that mechanochemical treatment is a high potential technology for PCDD/Fs degradation in fly ash.
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She XL, Song GJ, Peng Z, Li JJ, Lim CT, Tan EPS, Lv L, Zhao XS. Nanocables Prepared from Polyamide 66 nanotubes Enveloping Pt nanowires by a Secondary-template Method. Polym J 2007. [DOI: 10.1295/polymj.pj2007008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Allergic reactions, including severe local and systemic reactions to mosquito bites, are immunological in nature, and involve immunoglobulin E, immunoglobulin G, and T-lymphocyte-mediated hypersensitivities in response to allergens in mosquito saliva. Naturally acquired desensitization to mosquito saliva may occur during childhood or during long-term exposure to mosquitoes. Due to the lack of availability of mosquito salivary preparations for use in skin tests and in-vitro tests, allergic reactions to mosquito bites are under diagnosed and under treated. RECENT FINDINGS Recombinant saliva allergens with biological activity are being developed. Recombinant Aedes aegypti salivary allergen rAed a 2 has been expressed, purified, characterized and used in in-vitro diagnosis of mosquito allergy. Mosquito saliva-induced non-immunoglobulin E-mediated skin mast cell degranulation was found to induce macrophage-inflammatory protein 2 in the skin and interleukin-10 in draining lymph nodes. SUMMARY In this review, we discuss the allergic reactions to mosquito salivary allergens, the immune mechanisms involved, natural desensitization and immunotherapy with mosquito extracts, characteristics of salivary allergens and their recombinant forms, and prevention and treatment of allergic reactions to mosquito bites. Eventually, recombinant salivary allergens will significantly improve the diagnosis of mosquito allergy, and will also improve specific immunotherapy for patients with systemic reactions to mosquito bites.
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Faderl S, Bornmann W, Maxwell D, Peng Z, Van Q, Liu Z, Verstovsek S, Ferrajoli A, Kantarjian HM, Estrov Z. Molecular targeting in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) therapy: APcK110 is a new inhibitor of c-Kit activity in AML blasts. J Clin Oncol 2007. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2007.25.18_suppl.7019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
7019 Background: Tyrosine kinases (TK) are important for most cellular functions and require stringent control and regulation. C- Kit, a TK and transmembrane receptor for stem cell factor, plays a crucial role in hematopoiesis. Mutations of c-Kit can contribute to AML pathophysiology and have been associated with shorter survival and higher relapse risk following standard AML therapy. On the other hand, responses have been observed following TK inhibitor therapy such as imatinib. Identification of c-Kit or its pathways in AML leukemogenesis and development of new compounds targeting these mutations may therefore hold promise for therapy. Methods: APcK110 is the result of a structure-based design of c-Kit inhibitors and was derived of a set of compounds with favorable IC50 values in a c-Kit kinase assay. Here we present results of the activity and mechanism of action of APcK110. We used the mastocytosis cell line HMC1.1 carrying an activating c-Kit mutation and two AML lines (OCIM2 and OCI/AML3) as well as primary samples from patients with AML. Results: We demonstrate that: (1) APcK110 inhibits proliferation of all three cell lines in a dose dependent fashion using an MTT assay. Inhibition of proliferation is most significant in the SCF-dependent cell line OCI/AML3; (2) inhibition of OCIM2 cells (SCF-responsive) by APcK110 can be enhanced when adding SCF suggesting recruitment of c-Kit-dependent signaling components and increased activity of the c-Kit inhibitor under these circumstances; (3) APcK110 is a more potent inhibitor of OCI/AML3 proliferation than imatinib and dasatininb; (4) using Western immunoblotting, APcK110 decreases levels of phospho-Akt, phospho-Stat3 and 5 in a time- and dose-dependent fashion demonstrating activity of APcK110 on c-Kit downstream signaling pathways; (5) APcK110 induces apoptosis by cleavage of caspase 3 and PARP; (6) APcK110 inhibits proliferation of primary AML cells in a clonogenic assay, but does not affect proliferation of normal controls. Conclusions: APcK110 is a potent inhibitor of AML cell lines and primary samples from patients with AML. Activation of c-Kit or downstream pathways increases activity of APcK110. APcK110 and similar compounds should be evaluated in clinical trials of patients with AML. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
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Ma Y, HayGlass KT, Becker AB, Fan Y, Yang X, Basu S, Srinivasan G, Simons FER, Halayko AJ, Peng Z. Novel recombinant interleukin-13 peptide-based vaccine reduces airway allergic inflammatory responses in mice. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2007; 176:439-45. [PMID: 17556715 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.200610-1405oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE Interleukin (IL)-13 plays a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of allergic asthma. Passive administration of its monoclonal antibody or soluble receptor to block overproduced IL-13 has been proven to be effective in controlling airway allergic responses in animal models, but these approaches have disadvantages of short half-lives, high costs, and possible adverse effects. OBJECTIVES We sought to develop a novel therapeutic strategy through constructing an IL-13 peptide-based vaccine for blocking IL-13 on a persistent effect basis and to evaluate its in vivo effects using a murine model. METHODS To break self-tolerance, truncated hepatitis B core antigen was used as a carrier. Vaccine was prepared by inserting a peptide derived from the receptor binding site of mouse IL-13 into the immunodominant epitope region of the carrier using gene recombination methods. Mice received vaccine subcutaneously three times, and then subjected to intraperitoneal sensitization and intranasal challenge with ovalbumin. Control animals received carrier or saline in place of vaccine. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS The vaccine presented as virus-like particles and induced sustained and high titered IL-13-specific IgG without the use of conventional adjuvant. Vaccination significantly suppressed ovalbumin-induced inflammatory cell number, and IL-13 and IL-5 levels in bronchoalveolar lavage fluids. Serum total and ovalbumin-specific IgE were also significantly inhibited. Moreover, allergen-induced goblet cell hyperplasia, lung tissue inflammatory cell infiltration, and pulmonary hyperresponsiveness to inhaled methacholine were significantly suppressed in vaccinated mice. CONCLUSIONS Our data indicate that IL-13 peptide-based vaccines could be an effective therapeutic approach in the treatment of asthma.
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Ma Y, Hayglass KT, Becker AB, Halayko AJ, Basu S, Simons FER, Peng Z. Novel cytokine peptide-based vaccines: an interleukin-4 vaccine suppresses airway allergic responses in mice. Allergy 2007; 62:675-82. [PMID: 17508973 DOI: 10.1111/j.1398-9995.2007.01384.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Monoclonal antibodies or soluble receptors have been used to block over-produced endogenous cytokines. However, they have disadvantages of short half-lives, high costs, and possible adverse effects. Using interleukin (IL)-4 as a model target, we sought to develop a novel therapeutic strategy by constructing an IL-4 peptide-based vaccine for blocking IL-4 on a persistent basis, and to evaluate its efficacy in a mouse model of asthma. METHODS A peptide was selected by antigenic prediction and structure analysis of IL-4/receptor complex. The vaccine was constructed by employing truncated hepatitis B core antigen as carrier with the peptide inserted using gene engineering methods. It was then expressed, purified and identified. Prior to intraperitoneal sensitization and intranasal challenge with ovalbumin, mice were subcutaneously immunized three times with the vaccine, or the carrier or saline as controls. Serum antibodies, inflammatory cells in bronchoalveolar lavage fluids (BALF), lung histology, and responsiveness to inhaled methacholine were analyzed. RESULTS The vaccine presented as virus-like particles and reacted to polyclonal anti-IL-4 in Western blotting. Vaccinated mice produced high titers of IgG to IL-4. Serum ovalbumin-specific IgE, eosinophil accumulation in BALF, goblet cell hyperplasia, tissue inflammation and methacoline-induced respiratory responses were markedly suppressed in vaccinated mice with statistical significance, as compared with those in the control groups. CONCLUSIONS Administration of this novel IL-4 vaccine led to an overall decrease in the development of airway allergic inflammatory responses. The results indicate that cytokine peptide-based vaccines hold potential for treatment of asthma and, by extension, other diseases where over-expressed cytokines play a pivotal role in pathogenesis.
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Zhou Y, Ma A, Ma Y, Qing G, Zhang T, Peng Z. Tumour Necrosis Factor Alpha (TNFα) Vaccines in the Downregulation of Bowel Inflammatory Responses in Mice. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2006.11.546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Daun S, Federspiel W, DiLeo M, Vodovotz Y, Chang S, Barterls J, Peng Z, Capponi V, Wagner W, Winchester J, Clermont G, Kellum J. Optimizing a therapeutic intervention: systems engineering of a pheresis intervention for sepsis. J Crit Care 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcrc.2006.10.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Chandra D, Jia F, Liang J, Peng Z, Suryanarayanan A, Werner DF, Spigelman I, Houser CR, Olsen RW, Harrison NL, Homanics GE. GABAA receptor alpha 4 subunits mediate extrasynaptic inhibition in thalamus and dentate gyrus and the action of gaboxadol. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2006; 103:15230-5. [PMID: 17005728 PMCID: PMC1578762 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0604304103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 257] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The neurotransmitter GABA mediates the majority of rapid inhibition in the CNS. Inhibition can occur via the conventional mechanism, the transient activation of subsynaptic GABAA receptors (GABAA-Rs), or via continuous activation of high-affinity receptors by low concentrations of ambient GABA, leading to "tonic" inhibition that can control levels of excitability and network activity. The GABAA-R alpha4 subunit is expressed at high levels in the dentate gyrus and thalamus and is suspected to contribute to extrasynaptic GABAA-R-mediated tonic inhibition. Mice were engineered to lack the alpha4 subunit by targeted disruption of the Gabra4 gene. alpha4 Subunit knockout mice are viable, breed normally, and are superficially indistinguishable from WT mice. In electrophysiological recordings, these mice show a lack of tonic inhibition in dentate granule cells and thalamic relay neurons. Behaviorally, knockout mice are insensitive to the ataxic, sedative, and analgesic effects of the novel hypnotic drug, gaboxadol. These data demonstrate that tonic inhibition in dentate granule cells and thalamic relay neurons is mediated by extrasynaptic GABAA-Rs containing the alpha4 subunit and that gaboxadol achieves its effects via the activation of this GABAA-R subtype.
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Peng Z, Schüttler J, Janssen B, Steinbach P, Strowitzki T, Vogt PH. POF Syndrom und X Chromosomale Genexpression: die Expression des FMR1 Gen im POF1 Locus ist bei Patienten mit POF auffallend variabel. Geburtshilfe Frauenheilkd 2006. [DOI: 10.1055/s-2006-952279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
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Kong LX, Peng Z, Sugumar D. Management of cardiovascular diseases with micro systems and nanotechnology. JOURNAL OF NANOSCIENCE AND NANOTECHNOLOGY 2006; 6:2754-61. [PMID: 17048479 DOI: 10.1166/jnn.2006.446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of death and morbidity in industrialized nations and are becoming an urgent health problem for all nations due to the unstoppable trend of an ageing and obese population. Due to the rapid development of micro total analysis systems (microTAS) and nanotechnology in recent years, they will play an important role in the diagnosis, management, and therapy of cardiovascular diseases. It is envisaged that the micro and nanotechnologies developed for treating other diseases shall be explored for cardiovascular applications to reduce the research effort required for commercializing the devices and drugs to meet the increasing demand of the cardiovascular patients.
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Peng Z, Xu W, Lam H, Cheng L, James AA, Simons FER. A new recombinant mosquito salivary allergen, rAed a 2: allergenicity, clinical relevance, and cross-reactivity. Allergy 2006; 61:485-90. [PMID: 16512811 DOI: 10.1111/j.1398-9995.2006.00985.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mosquito salivary proteins cause allergic reactions in humans. The allergenicity, clinical relevance, and species cross-reactivity of a new 37-kDa recombinant mosquito (Aedes aegypti) salivary allergen, rAed a 2, were evaluated. METHODS rAed a 2 was expressed using a baculovirus/insect cell system and purified. Its allergenicity was examined using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), ELISA inhibition tests, immunoblots, and skin tests. Epicutaneous tests with the allergen, mosquito whole body extracts, and mosquito bite tests were performed on 48 volunteers. Serum rAed a 2-specific immunoglobulin E (IgE) was measured in individuals with positive mosquito saliva-specific IgE and negative controls. RESULTS Both immunoblots and ELISAs demonstrated that rAed a 2 bound to the IgE of mosquito-allergic individuals. The binding could be inhibited by the addition of a natural mosquito preparation. Furthermore, rAed a 2 induced immediate and delayed skin reactions. Ten per cent of 31 participants with a positive mosquito bite test had positive skin reactions to rAed a 2, compared with 32% for mosquito whole body extract. None of the participants with a negative bite test showed positive reactions to either of the two extracts. Forty-three per cent of individuals with positive saliva-IgE had positive rAed a 2-IgE. rAed a 2 was a species-shared allergen, being present in the saliva of the 11 species studied. CONCLUSIONS rAed a 2 has identical antigenicity and biologic activity to its native form. It can be used in the diagnosis of mosquito allergy, and is an important species-shared antigen.
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Ho AMH, Chung DC, Karmakar MK, Gomersall CD, Peng Z, Tay BA. Dynamic Airflow Limitation after Topical Anaesthesia of the Upper Airway. Anaesth Intensive Care 2006; 34:211-5. [PMID: 16617642 DOI: 10.1177/0310057x0603400207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This prospective before-and-after observational study investigated the effect of upper airway anaesthesia on dynamic airflow. Six consenting ASA 1 adults, all authors of this study, underwent a series of Spirometric measurements before and after topical anaesthesia of the upper airway using lignocaine. Peak inspiratory flow rate, forced inspiratory flow between 25% and 75% of the maximum inhaled volume, forced expiratory volume at 1 second, and forced vital capacity in the supine and sitting positions were measured. The measured inspiratory parameters were significantly reduced after lignocaine topical anaesthesia of the upper airway. Expiratory flow parameters were not affected. We conclude that topical anaesthesia of the upper airway leads to dynamic inspiratory airflow limitation.
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Ying S, Ma Y, HayGlass K, Srinivasan G, Fan Y, Yang X, Becker A, Simons F, Peng Z. Hepatitis B Core Antigen (HBcAg) Particles Carrying Interleukin (IL)-4 Epitopes Break Immune Tolerance and Down-regulate Murine Allergic Airway Responses. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2005.12.987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Hou M, Peng Z, Liu R, Lu K, Chan CK. Dynamics of a projectile penetrating in granular systems. PHYSICAL REVIEW. E, STATISTICAL, NONLINEAR, AND SOFT MATTER PHYSICS 2005; 72:062301. [PMID: 16485988 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.72.062301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2005] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
The impact of a sphere with velocity u0 on a fine, loose granular system under the acceleration due to gravity has been studied by fast video photography. The behavior of the granular bed is found to be similar to a fluid during initial impact, followed by a cavity drag during projectile penetration. From the trajectory of the projectile it is found that the drag on the projectile can be well described by adding a bulk frictional force f to the hydrostatic force kappa(z) where kappa is a constant and z denotes the penetration depth. Both kappa and f are u0 dependent. This form of the drag force suggests that fluidlike viscous dissipations in the bed can be neglected in these three-dimensional (3D) experiments. However, due to the imposed boundary this hydrodynamic term of the drag force is found to be not negligible in quasi-2D granular beds.
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Tomovich SJ, Peng Z. Optimised reflection imaging for surface roughness analysis using confocal laser scanning microscopy and height encoded image processing. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005. [DOI: 10.1088/1742-6596/13/1/098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Li, Beckett A, Simons F, Li C, Zhang T, Peng Z. A new 67 kDa recombinant Aedes aegypti salivary allergen rAed a 4 in the diagnosis of mosquito allergy. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2004.12.412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Peng Z, Ho MK, Li C, Simons FER. Evidence for natural desensitization to mosquito salivary allergens: mosquito saliva specific IgE and IgG levels in children. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2005; 93:553-6. [PMID: 15609764 DOI: 10.1016/s1081-1206(10)61262-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There are few epidemiologic data on the prevalence of mosquito allergy, although local reactions to mosquito bites are common. OBJECTIVE To investigate the prevalence of mosquito allergy in children by measuring serum levels of mosquito saliva specific IgE and IgG antibodies that correlate well with the size of mosquito bite local reactions. METHODS Using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays to measure mosquito (Aedes vexans) saliva-specific antibodies, we investigated sensitization to mosquito bites in 402 children aged 1 month to 18 years and correlated mosquito saliva specific IgE and IgG levels with age and sex. Twenty-three serum samples from infants who had never been exposed to mosquitos were used as negative controls. RESULTS Mean levels of mosquito saliva specific IgE and IgG were lowest in the 23 negative control serum samples. In the 402 samples from children who may have been exposed to mosquitos, mean saliva specific IgG levels were higher in boys than in girls (P < .008). Levels of IgE and IgG correlated with each other (P < .001). A significant inverse correlation was found between age and both IgE and IgG levels. IgE levels peaked at the age of 6 to 12 months of age, and IgG levels peaked at 1 to 6 months of age. Levels of IgE and IgG antibodies gradually declined after the age of 5 years. CONCLUSIONS Based on the presence of mosquito saliva specific antibodies, exposed infants and young children are at increased risk of having allergic reactions to mosquito bites. Antibody levels decline throughout childhood and adolescence, suggesting that natural desensitization may occur.
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