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Bichon E, Sitthisack P, Sérée-Vattier L, Prévost S, Schiphorst AM, Pouponneau K, Monteau F, Le Bizec B. Determination of l -cysteine origin on the basis of its δ 15 N values. Food Chem 2018; 260:283-288. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2018.03.139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2017] [Revised: 03/23/2018] [Accepted: 03/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Wu L, Liu X, Xu L, Li L, Fu P. Compound-specific 15N analysis of amino acids: A tool to estimate the trophic position of tropical seabirds in the South China Sea. Ecol Evol 2018; 8:8853-8864. [PMID: 30271550 PMCID: PMC6157660 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.4282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2017] [Revised: 04/23/2018] [Accepted: 05/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Compound-specific 15N analysis of amino acids (AAs) is a powerful tool to determine the trophic position (TP) of organisms. However, it has only been used in a few studies of avian ecology because the AA patterns in the consumer-diet nitrogen trophic discrimination factor (TDFG lu-Phe = ∆15 NG lu-∆15 NP he) were unknown in birds until recently, and tropical seabirds have never been investigated with this methodology. Here, we explore the application of this method to tropical seabirds. In this study, we recovered the fossilized bones of tropical seabirds from ornithogenic sediments on two coral islands in the Xisha Islands, South China Sea, as well as the bones and muscle of their predominant food source, flying fish (Exocoetus volitans). Compound-specific 15N and 13C analyses of AAs in both seabird and fish bone collagen were conducted. The TP of flying fish was calculated based on a widely used single TDFG lu-Phe approach. We then calculated the TP of tropical seabirds in three different ways: (a) according to the composition of their diet; (b) based on the single TDFG lu-Phe approach; and (c) using a multi-TDFG lu-Phe approach. The results of the multi-TDFG lu-Phe approach were much closer to the results based on the composition of the seabird diet than the results of the single TDFG lu-Phe approach, confirming its applicability for tropical seabirds. For seabird bone samples of different ages, TP determined from the multi-TDFG lu-Phe approach was most similar to that of bulk δ15N of bird collagen, with seabirds occupying higher TPs during the Little Ice Age, as previously shown. In addition, the 13C Suess effect was reflected in the AAs δ13C in our samples. This study applied a compound-specific 15N analysis of AAs to determine the TP of tropical seabirds that has potential to extend to all tropical seabirds many of which are widely distributed and play a key role in the evolution of coral island ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Libin Wu
- Institute of Polar EnvironmentSchool of Earth and Space SciencesUniversity of Science and Technology of ChinaHefeiAnhuiChina
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Polar Environment and Global ChangeUniversity of Science and Technology of ChinaHefeiAnhuiChina
| | - Xiaodong Liu
- Institute of Polar EnvironmentSchool of Earth and Space SciencesUniversity of Science and Technology of ChinaHefeiAnhuiChina
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Polar Environment and Global ChangeUniversity of Science and Technology of ChinaHefeiAnhuiChina
| | - Liqiang Xu
- School of Resources and Environmental EngineeringHefei University of TechnologyHefeiAnhuiChina
| | - Linjie Li
- LAPCInstitute of Atmospheric PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Pingqing Fu
- Institute of Surface‐Earth System ScienceTianjin UniversityTianjinChina
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Tsuchiya M, Chikaraishi Y, Nomaki H, Sasaki Y, Tame A, Uematsu K, Ohkouchi N. Compound-specific isotope analysis of benthic foraminifer amino acids suggests microhabitat variability in rocky-shore environments. Ecol Evol 2018; 8:8380-8395. [PMID: 30250710 PMCID: PMC6144965 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.4358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2017] [Revised: 04/19/2018] [Accepted: 06/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The abundance and biomass of benthic foraminifera are high in intertidal rocky-shore habitats. However, the availability of food to support their high biomass has been poorly studied in these habitats compared to those at seafloor covered by sediments. Previous field and laboratory observations have suggested that there is diversity in the food preferences and modes of life among rocky-shore benthic foraminifera. In this study, we used the stable nitrogen isotopic composition of amino acids to estimate the trophic position, trophic niche, and feeding strategy of individual foraminifera species. We also characterized the configuration and structure of the endobiotic microalgae in foraminifera using transmission electron microscopy, and we identified the origin of endobionts based on nucleotide sequences. Our results demonstrated a large variation in the trophic positions of different foraminifera from the same habitat, a reflection of endobiotic features and the different modes of life and food preferences of the foraminifera. Foraminifera did not rely solely on exogenous food sources. Some species effectively used organic matter derived from endobionts in the cell cytoplasm. The high biomass and species density of benthic foraminifera found in intertidal rocky-shore habitats are thus probably maintained by the use of multiple nitrogen resources and by microhabitat segregation among species as a consequence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masashi Tsuchiya
- Japan Agency for Marine‐Earth Science and TechnologyYokosukaJapan
| | - Yoshito Chikaraishi
- Japan Agency for Marine‐Earth Science and TechnologyYokosukaJapan
- Institute of Low Temperature ScienceHokkaido UniversitySapporoJapan
| | - Hidetaka Nomaki
- Japan Agency for Marine‐Earth Science and TechnologyYokosukaJapan
| | - Yoko Sasaki
- Japan Agency for Marine‐Earth Science and TechnologyYokosukaJapan
| | | | | | - Naohiko Ohkouchi
- Japan Agency for Marine‐Earth Science and TechnologyYokosukaJapan
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54
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Won EJ, Choi B, Hong S, Khim JS, Shin KH. Importance of accurate trophic level determination by nitrogen isotope of amino acids for trophic magnification studies: A review. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2018; 238:677-690. [PMID: 29621727 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2018.03.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2017] [Revised: 03/13/2018] [Accepted: 03/14/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
During the last several decades, persistent organic pollutants and metals cause great concern for their toxicity in organisms as well as for their bioaccumulation and/or trophic transfer through the food chains in ecosystems. A large number of studies therefore have focused on the trophic levels of organisms to illustrate food web structure, as a critical component in the study of pollutant dynamics and biomagnification. The trends in biomagnification of pollutants in food webs indeed provide fundamental information about the properties and fates of pollutants in ecosystems. The trophic magnification supports the establishment of a reliable trophic structure, which can further aid the understanding of the transport and exposure routes of contaminants in accumulation and risk assessments. Recently, efforts to interpret the food web structure using carbon and nitrogen stable isotope ratios have contributed to better understanding of the fate of pollutants in the ecosystem. However, it is known that this isotope analysis of bulk ones has many weaknesses, particularly for uncertainties on the estimate of trophic levels and therefore of magnification factors for studied organisms, enough to support a regulatory interpretation. In this review, we collate studies that investigated biomagnification characteristics of pollutants in aquatic ecosystems, along with calculated trophic magnification factors. Moreover, we introduce a novel approach, compound-specific stable isotope analysis of nitrogen in amino acids, to establish reliable food web structures and accurate trophic levels for biomagnification studies. This method promises to provide sound results for interpreting the influence of the pollutant in organisms, along with their bioaccumulation and magnification characteristics, as well as that in ecosystem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Ji Won
- Department of Marine Science and Convergent Technology, Hanyang University, Ansan, 15588, Republic of Korea; Department of Marine Chemistry & Geochemistry Research Center, Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology, Busan, 49111, Republic of Korea
| | - Bohyung Choi
- Department of Marine Science and Convergent Technology, Hanyang University, Ansan, 15588, Republic of Korea
| | - Seongjin Hong
- Department of Ocean Environmental Sciences, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Seong Khim
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences & Research Institute of Oceanography, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Hoon Shin
- Department of Marine Science and Convergent Technology, Hanyang University, Ansan, 15588, Republic of Korea.
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55
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Nelson MA, Quakenbush LT, Mahoney BA, Taras BD, Wooller MJ. Fifty years of Cook Inlet beluga whale feeding ecology from isotopes in bone and teeth. ENDANGER SPECIES RES 2018. [DOI: 10.3354/esr00890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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56
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Hebert CE, Popp BN. Temporal trends in a biomagnifying contaminant: Application of amino acid compound-specific stable nitrogen isotope analysis to the interpretation of bird mercury levels. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2018; 37:1458-1465. [PMID: 29341238 DOI: 10.1002/etc.4092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2017] [Revised: 11/21/2017] [Accepted: 01/12/2018] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Temporal trends in levels of biomagnifying contaminants, such as mercury (Hg), in top predators can provide insights into changes in contaminant bioavailability through time. However, interpreting contaminant temporal trends in predators can be confounded by temporal changes in their diets, which, in turn, could affect organism trophic position and exposure to biomagnifying contaminants. To address this issue, bulk stable nitrogen isotope analysis, that is, analysis of whole tissue, is widely incorporated into contaminant-monitoring programs for the estimation of organism trophic position. In the present study, we investigated lake-specific temporal trends in Hg levels in herring gull (Larus argentatus smithsonianus) eggs from Lakes Huron and Erie, 2 Laurentian Great Lakes. Levels of Hg in Lake Huron eggs declined, whereas Lake Erie eggs showed no change. Stable nitrogen isotope analysis of bulk material could not explain these interlake differences in Hg temporal trends. However, application of amino acid compound-specific stable nitrogen isotope analysis, in conjunction with other dietary tracers (i.e., fatty acids), provided insights into the factors regulating interlake differences in Hg temporal trends. Adjusting Hg levels in predators to account for temporal changes in their diets can have a significant impact on the interpretation of temporal trend contaminants data. In this case, it reconciled the apparently different Hg temporal trends observed in gull eggs from Lakes Huron and Erie. Environ Toxicol Chem 2018;37:1458-1465. © 2018 SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Craig E Hebert
- Science and Technology Branch, National Wildlife Research Centre, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Brian N Popp
- Department of Geology and Geophysics, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA
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57
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Dolgova S, Popp BN, Courtoreille K, Espie RHM, Maclean B, McMaster M, Straka JR, Tetreault GR, Wilkie S, Hebert CE. Spatial trends in a biomagnifying contaminant: Application of amino acid compound-specific stable nitrogen isotope analysis to the interpretation of bird mercury levels. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2018; 37:1466-1475. [PMID: 29446488 DOI: 10.1002/etc.4113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2018] [Revised: 02/07/2018] [Accepted: 02/13/2018] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Levels of biomagnifying contaminants are greatest in high-trophic level biota (e.g., predatory birds such as gulls). Gull eggs have been used to assess contaminant spatial patterns and sources, but such assessments must consider how organism trophic position may influence spatial inferences. Stable nitrogen isotopes (δ15 N) in bulk tissue are routinely used in this context. However, bulk δ15 N values are only useful if spatial differences in baseline δ15 N values are considered. Amino acid compound-specific stable nitrogen isotope analysis can generate estimates of baseline δ15 N values and trophic position from the same sample. In the present study, eggs (n = 428) of California (Larus californicus), herring (Larus argentatus smithsonianus), and ring-billed (Larus delawarensis) gulls were used to assess spatial patterns in mercury (Hg) availability in 12 western Canadian lakes located over 14 degrees of latitude, with amino acid compound-specific stable isotope analysis adjustment of egg Hg levels for trophic position. Mean trophic position-adjusted egg Hg levels (micrograms per gram, dry wt) were greatest at sites in receiving waters of the Athabasca River (X¯ = 0.70) compared to southern (X¯ = 0.39) and northern (X¯ = 0.50) regions. Research is required to investigate factors (e.g., local Hg released as a result of human activities, processes influencing Hg methylation) which may be responsible for greater Hg availability in the lower Athabasca River basin. However, it is clear that amino acid compound-specific stable isotope analysis is a valuable tool for assessing contaminant spatial patterns. Environ Toxicol Chem 2018;37:1466-1475. © 2018 SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svetlana Dolgova
- Department of Biology, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Science and Technology Branch, National Wildlife Research Centre, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Brian N Popp
- Department of Geology and Geophysics, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA
| | - Kevin Courtoreille
- Mikisew Cree First Nation Community-Based Monitoring Program, Fort Chipewyan, Alberta, Canada
| | | | - Bruce Maclean
- Mikisew Cree First Nation Community-Based Monitoring Program, Fort Chipewyan, Alberta, Canada
| | - Mark McMaster
- Science and Technology Branch, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Burlington, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jason R Straka
- Parks Canada Agency, Wood Buffalo National Park, Fort Chipewyan, Alberta, Canada
| | - Gerald R Tetreault
- Science and Technology Branch, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Burlington, Ontario, Canada
| | - Steve Wilkie
- Saskatchewan Environment, Regina, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Craig E Hebert
- Department of Biology, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Science and Technology Branch, National Wildlife Research Centre, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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58
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Eglite E, Wodarg D, Dutz J, Wasmund N, Nausch G, Liskow I, Schulz-Bull D, Loick-Wilde N. Strategies of amino acid supply in mesozooplankton during cyanobacteria blooms: a stable nitrogen isotope approach. Ecosphere 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ecs2.2135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Elvita Eglite
- Leibniz-Institute for Baltic Sea Research; Seestr. 15 Rostock 18119 Germany
| | - Dirk Wodarg
- Leibniz-Institute for Baltic Sea Research; Seestr. 15 Rostock 18119 Germany
| | - Jörg Dutz
- Leibniz-Institute for Baltic Sea Research; Seestr. 15 Rostock 18119 Germany
| | - Norbert Wasmund
- Leibniz-Institute for Baltic Sea Research; Seestr. 15 Rostock 18119 Germany
| | - Günther Nausch
- Leibniz-Institute for Baltic Sea Research; Seestr. 15 Rostock 18119 Germany
| | - Iris Liskow
- Leibniz-Institute for Baltic Sea Research; Seestr. 15 Rostock 18119 Germany
| | - Detlef Schulz-Bull
- Leibniz-Institute for Baltic Sea Research; Seestr. 15 Rostock 18119 Germany
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59
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Abstract
Parasites are often overlooked in the construction of food webs, despite their ubiquitous presence in almost every type of ecosystem. Researchers who do recognize their importance often struggle to include parasites using classical food-web theory, mainly due to the parasites' multiple hosts and life stages. A novel approach using compound-specific stable-isotope analysis promises to provide considerable insight into the energetic exchanges of parasite and host, which may solve some of the issues inherent in incorporating parasites using a classical approach. Understanding the role of parasites within food webs, and tracing the associated biomass transfers, are crucial to constructing new models that will expand our knowledge of food webs. This mini-review focuses on stable-isotope studies published in the past decade, and introduces compound-specific stable-isotope analysis as a powerful, but underutilized, newly developed tool that may answer many unresolved questions regarding the role of parasites in food webs.
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60
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Szpak P, Buckley M, Darwent CM, Richards MP. Long-term ecological changes in marine mammals driven by recent warming in northwestern Alaska. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2018; 24:490-503. [PMID: 28850766 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.13880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2017] [Revised: 08/07/2017] [Accepted: 08/12/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Carbon and nitrogen isotopes analyses were performed on marine mammal bone collagen from three archaeological sites (ad 1170-1813) on Cape Espenberg (Kotzebue Sound, northwestern Alaska) as well as modern animals harvested from the same area to examine long-term trends in foraging ecology and sea ice productivity. We observed significant and dramatic changes in ringed seal stable isotope values between the early 19th and early 21st centuries, likely due to changing sea ice productivity and reduced delivery of organic matter to the benthos driven by recent warming in the Arctic. These data highlight the importance of the archaeological record for providing a long-term perspective on environmental variation and interpreting recent changes driven by anthropogenic processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Szpak
- Department of Anthropology, Trent University, Peterborough, ON, Canada
| | - Michael Buckley
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
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61
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Campbell CJ, Nelson DM, Ogawa NO, Chikaraishi Y, Ohkouchi N. Trophic position and dietary breadth of bats revealed by nitrogen isotopic composition of amino acids. Sci Rep 2017; 7:15932. [PMID: 29162842 PMCID: PMC5698291 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-15440-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2017] [Accepted: 10/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Bats perform important ecosystem services, but it remains difficult to quantify their dietary strategies and trophic position (TP) in situ. We conducted measurements of nitrogen isotopes of individual amino acids (δ 15NAA) and bulk-tissue carbon (δ 13Cbulk) and nitrogen (δ 15Nbulk) isotopes for nine bat species from different feeding guilds (nectarivory, frugivory, sanguivory, piscivory, carnivory, and insectivory). Our objective was to assess the precision of δ 15NAA-based estimates of TP relative to other approaches. TPs calculated from δ 15N values of glutamic acid and phenylalanine, which range from 8.3-33.1‰ and 0.7-15.4‰ respectively, varied between 1.8 and 3.8 for individuals of each species and were generally within the ranges of those anticipated based on qualitative dietary information. The δ 15NAA approach reveals variation in TP within and among species that is not apparent from δ 15Nbulk data, and δ 15NAA data suggest that two insectivorous species (Lasiurus noctivagans and Lasiurus cinereus) are more omnivorous than previously thought. These results indicate that bats exhibit a trophic discrimination factor (TDF) similar to other terrestrial organisms and that δ 15NAA provides a reliable approach for addressing questions about variation in the TP of bats that have heretofore proven elusive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caitlin J Campbell
- University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science, Appalachian Laboratory, Frostburg, USA.
- Department of Biology, Frostburg State University, Frostburg, USA.
| | - David M Nelson
- University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science, Appalachian Laboratory, Frostburg, USA
| | - Nanako O Ogawa
- Department of Biogeochemistry, Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology, Yokosuka, Japan
| | - Yoshito Chikaraishi
- Department of Biogeochemistry, Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology, Yokosuka, Japan
- Institute of Low Temperature Science, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Naohiko Ohkouchi
- Department of Biogeochemistry, Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology, Yokosuka, Japan
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62
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Naito YI, Chikaraishi Y, Drucker DG, Ohkouchi N, Semal P, Wißing C, Bocherens H. Reply to "Comment on "Ecological niche of Neanderthals from Spy Cave revealed by nitrogen isotopes of individual amino acids in collagen." [J. Hum. Evol. 93 (2016) 82-90]" [J. Hum. Evol. 117 (2018) 53-55]. J Hum Evol 2017; 117:56-60. [PMID: 29029809 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhevol.2017.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2017] [Revised: 09/19/2017] [Accepted: 09/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuichi I Naito
- Fachbereich Geowissenschaften, Paläobiologie (Biogeologie), Universität Tübingen, Hölderlinstraße 12, 72074 Tübingen, Germany.
| | - Yoshito Chikaraishi
- Department of Biogeochemistry, Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology, 2-15 Natsushima-cho, Yokosuka 237-0061, Japan; Institute of Low Temperature Science, Hokkaido University, Kita-19, Nishi-8, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0819, Japan
| | - Dorothée G Drucker
- Fachbereich Geowissenschaften, Paläobiologie (Biogeologie), Universität Tübingen, Hölderlinstraße 12, 72074 Tübingen, Germany; Senckenberg Centre for Human Evolution and Palaeoenvironment (HEP), Universität Tübingen, Hölderlinstraße 12, 72074 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Naohiko Ohkouchi
- Department of Biogeochemistry, Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology, 2-15 Natsushima-cho, Yokosuka 237-0061, Japan
| | - Patrick Semal
- Department of Paleontology, Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences, 1000 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Christoph Wißing
- Fachbereich Geowissenschaften, Paläobiologie (Biogeologie), Universität Tübingen, Hölderlinstraße 12, 72074 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Hervé Bocherens
- Fachbereich Geowissenschaften, Paläobiologie (Biogeologie), Universität Tübingen, Hölderlinstraße 12, 72074 Tübingen, Germany; Senckenberg Centre for Human Evolution and Palaeoenvironment (HEP), Universität Tübingen, Hölderlinstraße 12, 72074 Tübingen, Germany
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63
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Drucker DG, Naito YI, Péan S, Prat S, Crépin L, Chikaraishi Y, Ohkouchi N, Puaud S, Lázničková-Galetová M, Patou-Mathis M, Yanevich A, Bocherens H. Isotopic analyses suggest mammoth and plant in the diet of the oldest anatomically modern humans from far southeast Europe. Sci Rep 2017; 7:6833. [PMID: 28754955 PMCID: PMC5533724 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-07065-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2017] [Accepted: 06/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Relatively high 15N abundances in bone collagen of early anatomically modern humans in Europe have often been interpreted as a specific consumption of freshwater resources, even if mammoth is an alternative high 15N prey. At Buran-Kaya III, access to associated fauna in a secured archaeological context and application of recently developed isotopic analyses of individuals amino acids offer the opportunity to further examine this hypothesis. The site of Buran-Kaya III is located in south Crimea and has provided a rich archaeological sequence including two Upper Palaeolithic layers, from which human fossils were retrieved and directly dated as from 37.8 to 33.1 ka cal BP. Results from bulk collagen of three human remains suggests the consumption of a high 15N prey besides the contribution of saiga, red deer, horse and hare, whose butchered remains were present at the site. In contrast to bulk collagen, phenylalanine and glutamic acid 15N abundances reflect not only animal but also plant protein contributions to omnivorous diet, and allow disentangling aquatic from terrestrial resource consumption. The inferred human trophic position values point to terrestrial-based diet, meaning a significant contribution of mammoth meat, in addition to a clear intake of plant protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorothée G Drucker
- Fachbereich Geowissenschaften, Forschungsbereich Paläobiologie, AG Biogeologie, Universität Tübingen, Hölderlinstr. 12, 72074, Tübingen, Germany. .,Senckenberg Centre for Human Evolution and Palaeoenvironment (HEP), Universität Tübingen, Hölderlinstr. 12, 72074, Tübingen, Germany.
| | - Yuichi I Naito
- Department of Biogeochemistry, Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology, 2-15 Natsushima-cho, Yokosuka, 237-0061, Japan.
| | - Stéphane Péan
- UMR 7194 (HNHP), MNHN/CNRS/UPVD, Sorbonne Universités, Institut de Paléontologie Humaine, 1 rue René Panhard, 75013, Paris, France
| | - Sandrine Prat
- UMR 7194 (HNHP), MNHN/CNRS/UPVD, Sorbonne Universités, Musée de l'Homme, Palais de Chaillot, 17 Place du Trocadéro, 75116, Paris, France
| | - Laurent Crépin
- UMR 7194 (HNHP), MNHN/CNRS/UPVD, Sorbonne Universités, Institut de Paléontologie Humaine, 1 rue René Panhard, 75013, Paris, France
| | - Yoshito Chikaraishi
- Isotope Physiology, Ecology, and Geochemistry, Water and Material Cycles Division, Institute of Low Temperature Science, Hokkaido University, Kita-19, Nishi-8, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-0819, Japan
| | - Naohiko Ohkouchi
- Department of Biogeochemistry, Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology, 2-15 Natsushima-cho, Yokosuka, 237-0061, Japan
| | - Simon Puaud
- UMR 7194 (HNHP), MNHN/CNRS/UPVD, Sorbonne Universités, Musée de l'Homme, Palais de Chaillot, 17 Place du Trocadéro, 75116, Paris, France
| | - Martina Lázničková-Galetová
- UMR 7194 (HNHP), MNHN/CNRS/UPVD, Sorbonne Universités, Institut de Paléontologie Humaine, 1 rue René Panhard, 75013, Paris, France.,Moravian Museum, Zelný trh 6, 65937, Brno, Czech Republic.,Hrdlička Museum of Man, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Viničná 7, 128 00, Praha, Czech Republic.,Department of Anthropology, Faculty of Philosophy and Arts, University of West Bohemia, Sedláčkova 15, 306 14, Pilsen, Czech Republic
| | - Marylène Patou-Mathis
- UMR 7194 (HNHP), MNHN/CNRS/UPVD, Sorbonne Universités, Institut de Paléontologie Humaine, 1 rue René Panhard, 75013, Paris, France
| | - Aleksandr Yanevich
- Institute of Archaeology, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Heroiv Stalingrada 12, 04210, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Hervé Bocherens
- Fachbereich Geowissenschaften, Forschungsbereich Paläobiologie, AG Biogeologie, Universität Tübingen, Hölderlinstr. 12, 72074, Tübingen, Germany.,Senckenberg Centre for Human Evolution and Palaeoenvironment (HEP), Universität Tübingen, Hölderlinstr. 12, 72074, Tübingen, Germany
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O'Connell TC, Collins MJ. Comment on "Ecological niche of Neanderthals from Spy Cave revealed by nitrogen isotopes of individual amino acids in collagen" [J. Hum. Evol. 93 (2016) 82-90]. J Hum Evol 2017; 117:53-55. [PMID: 28602430 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhevol.2017.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2016] [Revised: 05/10/2017] [Accepted: 05/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tamsin C O'Connell
- Department of Archaeology & Anthropology, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, CB2 3DZ, United Kingdom.
| | - Matthew J Collins
- EvoGenomics, Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Sølvgade 83, Copenhagen, 1307 S, Denmark; BioArCh, Environment Building, Department of Archaeology, University of York, Wentworth Way, Heslington York, YO10 5NG, United Kingdom.
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O'Connell TC. 'Trophic' and 'source' amino acids in trophic estimation: a likely metabolic explanation. Oecologia 2017; 184:317-326. [PMID: 28584941 PMCID: PMC5487837 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-017-3881-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2016] [Accepted: 05/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Amino acid nitrogen isotopic analysis is a relatively new method for estimating trophic position. It uses the isotopic difference between an individual's 'trophic' and 'source' amino acids to determine its trophic position. So far, there is no accepted explanation for the mechanism by which the isotopic signals in 'trophic' and 'source' amino acids arise. Yet without a metabolic understanding, the utility of nitrogen isotopic analyses as a method for probing trophic relations, at either bulk tissue or amino acid level, is limited. I draw on isotopic tracer studies of protein metabolism, together with a consideration of amino acid metabolic pathways, to suggest that the 'trophic'/'source' groupings have a fundamental metabolic origin, to do with the cycling of amino-nitrogen between amino acids. 'Trophic' amino acids are those whose amino-nitrogens are interchangeable, part of a metabolic amino-nitrogen pool, and 'source' amino acids are those whose amino-nitrogens are not interchangeable with the metabolic pool. Nitrogen isotopic values of 'trophic' amino acids will reflect an averaged isotopic signal of all such dietary amino acids, offset by the integrated effect of isotopic fractionation from nitrogen cycling, and modulated by metabolic and physiological effects. Isotopic values of 'source' amino acids will be more closely linked to those of equivalent dietary amino acids, but also modulated by metabolism and physiology. The complexity of nitrogen cycling suggests that a single identifiable value for 'trophic discrimination factors' is unlikely to exist. Greater consideration of physiology and metabolism should help in better understanding observed patterns in nitrogen isotopic values.
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Affiliation(s)
- T C O'Connell
- Department of Archaeology and Anthropology, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, CB2 3DZ, UK.
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Takizawa Y, Dharampal PS, Steffan SA, Takano Y, Ohkouchi N, Chikaraishi Y. Intra-trophic isotopic discrimination of 15N/ 14N for amino acids in autotrophs: Implications for nitrogen dynamics in ecological studies. Ecol Evol 2017; 7:2916-2924. [PMID: 28479991 PMCID: PMC5415530 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.2866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2016] [Revised: 02/01/2017] [Accepted: 02/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The differential discrimination of nitrogen isotopes (15N/14N) within amino acids in consumers and their diets has been routinely used to estimate organismal tropic position (TP). Analogous isotopic discrimination can occur within plants, particularly in organs lacking chloroplasts. Such discrimination likely arises from the catabolic deamination of amino acids, resulting in a numerical elevation of estimated TP, within newly synthesized biomass. To investigate this phenomenon, we examined the 15N/14N of amino acids (δ15 NAA) in spring leaves and flowers from eight deciduous and two annual plants. These plants were classified on the basis of their time of bloom, plants that bloomed when their leaves were absent (Type I) versus plants that bloomed while leaves were already present (Type II). Based on the δ15 NAA values from leaves, both plant types occupied comparable and ecologically realistic mean TPs (=1.0 ± 0.1, mean ± 1σ). However, the estimated TPs of flowers varied significantly (Type I: 2.2 ± 0.2; Type II: 1.0 ± 0.1). We hypothesize that these results can be interpreted by the following sequence of events: (1) Type I floral biomass is synthesized in absence of active photosynthesis; (2) the catabolic deamination of amino acids in particular, leaves behind 15N in the residual pool of amino acids; and (3) the incorporation of these 15N-enriched amino acids within the biomass of Type I flowers results in the numerical elevation of the TPs. In contrast, the actively photosynthesizing Type II leaves energetically sustain the synthesis of Type II flower biomass, precluding any reliance on catabolic deamination of amino acids. Amino acids within Type II flowers are therefore isotopically comparable to the Type II leaves. These findings demonstrate the idiosyncratic nature of the δ15 NAA values within autotrophic organs and have implications for interpreting trophic hierarchies using primary producers and their consumers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuko Takizawa
- Faculty of Environmental Earth Science Hokkaido University Sapporo Japan
- Institute of Low Temperature Science Hokkaido University Sapporo Japan
- Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology Yokosuka Japan
| | | | - Shawn A Steffan
- Department of Entomology University of Wisconsin Madison WI USA
- US Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research Service Madison WI USA
| | - Yoshinori Takano
- Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology Yokosuka Japan
| | - Naohiko Ohkouchi
- Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology Yokosuka Japan
| | - Yoshito Chikaraishi
- Institute of Low Temperature Science Hokkaido University Sapporo Japan
- Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology Yokosuka Japan
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67
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Fuller BT, Petzke KJ. The dietary protein paradox and threonine 15 N-depletion: Pyridoxal-5'-phosphate enzyme activity as a mechanism for the δ 15 N trophic level effect. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2017; 31:705-718. [PMID: 28181729 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.7835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2016] [Revised: 02/03/2017] [Accepted: 02/04/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Nitrogen stable isotope ratios (δ15 N values) are used to reconstruct dietary patterns, but the biochemical mechanism(s) responsible for the diet to tissue trophic level effect and its variability are not fully understood. Here δ15 N amino acid (AA) values and physiological measurements (nitrogen intake, plasma albumin concentrations, liver-reduced glutathione concentrations and leucine oxidation rates) are used to investigate increased dietary protein consumption and oxidative stress (vitamin E deficiency) in rat total plasma protein. METHODS Using gas chromatography/combustion/isotope ratio mass spectrometry, the δ15 N values from N-pivaloyl-i-propyl esters of 15 AAs are reported for rats (n = 40) fed casein-based diets with: adequate protein (AP, 13.8%; n = 10), medium protein (MP, 25.7%; n = 10), high protein (HP, 51.3%; n = 10) or HP without vitamin E (HP-E; n = 10) for 18 weeks. RESULTS Between the HP and AP groups, the δ15 NAA values of threonine (-4.0‰), serine (+1.4‰) and glycine (+1.2‰) display the largest differences and show significant correlations with: nitrogen intake, plasma albumin concentrations, liver-reduced glutathione concentrations and leucine oxidation rates. This indicates increased AA catabolism by the dietary induction of shared common metabolic pathways involving the enzymes threonine ammonia-lyase (EC 4.3.1.19), serine hydroxymethyltransferase (EC 2.1.2.1) and the glycine cleavage system (EC 2.1.2.10). The δ15 NAA values of the HP-E and HP groups were not found to be significantly different. CONCLUSIONS The 15 N-depleted results of threonine are linked to increased activity of threonine ammonia-lyase, and show potential as a possible biomarker for protein intake and/or gluconeogenesis. We hypothesize that the inverse nitrogen equilibrium isotope effects of Schiff base formation, between AAs and pyridoxal-5'-phosphate cofactor enzymes, play a key role in the bioaccumulation and depletion of 15 N in the biomolecules of living organisms and contributes to the variability in the nitrogen trophic level effect. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin T Fuller
- Department of Archaeology and Anthropology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Klaus J Petzke
- Department of Physiology of Energy Metabolism, German Institute of Human Nutrition in Potsdam-Rehbruecke (DIfE), Arthur-Scheunert-Allee 114-116, D-14558, Nuthetal, Germany
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68
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Ishikawa NF, Hayashi F, Sasaki Y, Chikaraishi Y, Ohkouchi N. Trophic discrimination factor of nitrogen isotopes within amino acids in the dobsonfly Protohermes grandis (Megaloptera: Corydalidae) larvae in a controlled feeding experiment. Ecol Evol 2017; 7:1674-1679. [PMID: 28331578 PMCID: PMC5355178 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.2728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2016] [Revised: 12/07/2016] [Accepted: 12/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The trophic discrimination factor (TDF) of nitrogen isotopes (15N/14N) within amino acids, between a stream-dwelling dobsonfly larva (Protohermes grandis: Megaloptera; Corydalidae) and its diet (chironomid larvae), was determined in controlled feeding experiments. Last-instar larvae of P. grandis were collected from the Yozawa-gawa River, central Japan, and reared in the laboratory. After fed to satiation for 1 month, one group of larvae was each fed one living chironomid larva per day for 4 weeks, while a second group was starved for 8 weeks. The larvae were harvested at intervals and the nitrogen isotopic composition of glutamic acid (δ15NGlu) and phenylalanine (δ15NPhe) were determined to calculate TDF. The mean TDF of satiated and starved larvae were 7.1‰ ± 0.5‰ (n = 3) and 7.3‰ ± 0.5‰ (n = 5), respectively. Thus, the TDF for P. grandis larvae in this study was similar to that reported for other arthropods (approximately 7‰) and was independent of satiation or starvation. A previous study of wild P. grandis larvae, based on the δ15NGlu and δ15NPhe values, estimated its trophic position (TP) as approximately 2.0 ± 0.1 (n = 5), a low value close to that of algivores, although they are generally characterized as carnivores (usually accepted as TP ≥ 3). The TDF for P. grandis larvae suggests that their low TPs in nature were caused by incorporation of vascular plant-derived amino acids (with a different δ15N profile from that of algae) and not by an unusually low TDF or by the effects of the satiation/starvation on amino acid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoto F Ishikawa
- Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology Yokosuka Kanagawa Japan; Present address: ETH Zürich Sonneggstrasse 58092 Zürich Switzerland
| | - Fumio Hayashi
- Department of Biology Tokyo Metropolitan University Hachioji Tokyo Japan
| | - Yoko Sasaki
- Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology Yokosuka Kanagawa Japan
| | - Yoshito Chikaraishi
- Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology Yokosuka Kanagawa Japan; Present address: Institute of Low Temperature Science Hokkaido University Kita 19, Nishi 8, Kita-ku Sapporo 060-0819 Japan
| | - Naohiko Ohkouchi
- Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology Yokosuka Kanagawa Japan
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69
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Multidimensional metrics of niche space for use with diverse analytical techniques. Sci Rep 2017; 7:41599. [PMID: 28145524 PMCID: PMC5286414 DOI: 10.1038/srep41599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2016] [Accepted: 12/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Multidimensional data are integral to many community-ecological studies and come in various forms, such as stable isotopes, compound specific analyses (e.g., amino acids and fatty acids), and both biodiversity and life history traits. Scientists employing such data often lack standardized metrics to evaluate communities in niche space where more than 2 dimensions are involved. To alleviate this problem, we developed a graphing and analytical approach for use with more than two variables, based on previously established stable isotope bi-plot metrics. We introduce here our community metrics as R scripts. By extending the original metrics to multiple dimensions, we created n-dimensional plots and metrics to characterize any set of quantitative measurements of a community. We demonstrate the utility of these metrics using stable isotope data; however, the approaches are applicable to many types of data. The resulting metrics provide more and better information compared to traditional analytic frameworks. The approach can be applied in many branches of community ecology, and it offers accessible metrics to quantitatively analyze the structure of communities across ecosystems and through time.
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70
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71
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Kamenova S, Bartley T, Bohan D, Boutain J, Colautti R, Domaizon I, Fontaine C, Lemainque A, Le Viol I, Mollot G, Perga ME, Ravigné V, Massol F. Invasions Toolkit. ADV ECOL RES 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.aecr.2016.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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72
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McMahon KW, McCarthy MD. Embracing variability in amino acid δ
15
N fractionation: mechanisms, implications, and applications for trophic ecology. Ecosphere 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ecs2.1511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 182] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Kelton W. McMahon
- Institute of Marine SciencesUniversity of California Santa Cruz California 95064 USA
| | - Matthew D. McCarthy
- Ocean Sciences DepartmentUniversity of California Santa Cruz California 95064 USA
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73
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74
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Hebert CE, Popp BN, Fernie KJ, Ka'apu-Lyons C, Rattner BA, Wallsgrove N. Amino Acid Specific Stable Nitrogen Isotope Values in Avian Tissues: Insights from Captive American Kestrels and Wild Herring Gulls. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2016; 50:12928-12937. [PMID: 27786442 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.6b04407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Through laboratory and field studies, the utility of amino acid compound-specific nitrogen isotope analysis (AA-CSIA) in avian studies is investigated. Captive American kestrels (Falco sparverius) were fed an isotopically characterized diet and patterns in δ15N values of amino acids (AAs) were compared to those in their tissues (muscle and red blood cells) and food. Based upon nitrogen isotope discrimination between diet and kestrel tissues, AAs could mostly be categorized as source AAs (retaining baseline δ15N values) and trophic AAs (showing 15N enrichment). Trophic discrimination factors based upon the source (phenylalanine, Phe) and trophic (glutamic acid, Glu) AAs were 4.1 (muscle) and 5.4 (red blood cells), lower than those reported for metazoan invertebrates. In a field study involving omnivorous herring gulls (Larus argentatus smithsonianus), egg AA isotopic patterns largely retained those observed in the laying female's tissues (muscle, red blood cells, and liver). Realistic estimates of gull trophic position were obtained using bird Glu and Phe δ15N values combined with β values (difference in Glu and Phe δ15N in primary producers) for aquatic and terrestrial food webs. Egg fatty acids were used to weight β values for proportions of aquatic and terrestrial food in gull diets. This novel approach can be applied to generalist species that feed across ecosystem boundaries.
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Affiliation(s)
- C E Hebert
- Environment and Climate Change Canada, Science and Technology Branch, National Wildlife Research Centre , Ottawa, ON K1A 0H3, Canada
| | - B N Popp
- Department of Geology and Geophysics, University of Hawaii , Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, United States
| | - K J Fernie
- Environment and Climate Change Canada, Science and Technology Branch, Canada Centre for Inland Waters , Burlington, ON L7R 4A6, Canada
| | - C Ka'apu-Lyons
- Department of Geology and Geophysics, University of Hawaii , Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, United States
| | - B A Rattner
- United States Geological Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Research Center , Beltsville, Maryland 20705, United States
| | - N Wallsgrove
- Department of Geology and Geophysics, University of Hawaii , Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, United States
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75
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A reliable compound-specific nitrogen isotope analysis of amino acids by GC-C-IRMS following derivatisation into N -pivaloyl- iso -propyl (NPIP)esters for high-resolution food webs estimation. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2016; 1033-1034:382-389. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2016.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2016] [Revised: 08/30/2016] [Accepted: 09/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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76
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Zhang Z, Xiao H, Zheng N, Gao X, Zhu R. Compound-Specific Isotope Analysis of Amino Acid Labeling with Stable Isotope Nitrogen (15N) in Higher Plants. Chromatographia 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s10337-016-3126-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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77
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Naito YI, Chikaraishi Y, Drucker DG, Ohkouchi N, Semal P, Wißing C, Bocherens H. Ecological niche of Neanderthals from Spy Cave revealed by nitrogen isotopes of individual amino acids in collagen. J Hum Evol 2016; 93:82-90. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jhevol.2016.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2014] [Revised: 11/07/2015] [Accepted: 01/31/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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78
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McMeans BC, McCann KS, Tunney TD, Fisk AT, Muir AM, Lester N, Shuter B, Rooney N. The adaptive capacity of lake food webs: from individuals to ecosystems. ECOL MONOGR 2016. [DOI: 10.1890/15-0288.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bailey C. McMeans
- Department of Integrative Biology; University of Guelph; Guelph Ontario N1G 2W1 Canada
| | - Kevin S. McCann
- Department of Integrative Biology; University of Guelph; Guelph Ontario N1G 2W1 Canada
| | - Tyler D. Tunney
- Center for Limnology; University of Wisconsin-Madison; Madison Wisconsin 53706 USA
| | - Aaron T. Fisk
- Great Lakes Institute for Environmental Research; University of Windsor; Windsor Ontario N9B 3P4 Canada
| | - Andrew M. Muir
- Great Lakes Fisheries Commission; Ann Arbor Michigan 48105 USA
| | - Nigel Lester
- Harkness Laboratory of Fisheries Research; Aquatic Research and Monitoring Section; Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources; Peterborough Ontario K9J 7B8 Canada
| | - Brian Shuter
- Harkness Laboratory of Fisheries Research; Aquatic Research and Monitoring Section; Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources; Peterborough Ontario K9J 7B8 Canada
| | - Neil Rooney
- School of Environmental Sciences; University of Guelph; Guelph Ontario N1G 2W1 Canada
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Villamarín F, Magnusson WE, Jardine TD, Valdez D, Woods R, Bunn SE. Temporal Uncoupling between Energy Acquisition and Allocation to Reproduction in a Herbivorous-Detritivorous Fish. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0150082. [PMID: 26938216 PMCID: PMC4777362 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0150082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2015] [Accepted: 02/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Although considerable knowledge has been gathered regarding the role of fish in cycling and translocation of nutrients across ecosystem boundaries, little information is available on how the energy obtained from different ecosystems is temporally allocated in fish bodies. Although in theory, limitations on energy budgets promote the existence of a trade-off between energy allocated to reproduction and somatic growth, this trade-off has rarely been found under natural conditions. Combining information on RNA:DNA ratios and carbon and nitrogen stable-isotope analyses we were able to achieve novel insights into the reproductive allocation of diamond mullet (Liza alata), a catadromous, widely distributed herbivorous-detritivorous fish. Although diamond mullet were in better condition during the wet season, most reproductive allocation occurred during the dry season when resources are limited and fish have poorer body condition. We found a strong trade-off between reproductive and somatic investment. Values of δ13C from reproductive and somatic tissues were correlated, probably because δ13C in food resources between dry and wet seasons do not differ markedly. On the other hand, data for δ15N showed that gonads are more correlated to muscle, a slow turnover tissue, suggesting long term synthesis of reproductive tissues. In combination, these lines of evidence suggest that L. alata is a capital breeder which shows temporal uncoupling of resource ingestion, energy storage and later allocation to reproduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Villamarín
- Australian Rivers Institute - ARI, Griffith University, Brisbane, Australia
- Coordenação de Pesquisas em Biodiversidade, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia - INPA, Manaus, Brazil
- Programa Ciência Sem Fronteiras, Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico - CNPq, Brasilia, Brazil
| | - William E. Magnusson
- Coordenação de Pesquisas em Biodiversidade, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia - INPA, Manaus, Brazil
| | - Timothy D. Jardine
- School of Environment and Sustainability, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada
| | - Dominic Valdez
- Australian Rivers Institute - ARI, Griffith University, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Ryan Woods
- Australian Rivers Institute - ARI, Griffith University, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Stuart E. Bunn
- Australian Rivers Institute - ARI, Griffith University, Brisbane, Australia
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80
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Factors Controlling the Stable Nitrogen Isotopic Composition (δ15N) of Lipids in Marine Animals. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0146321. [PMID: 26731720 PMCID: PMC4701503 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0146321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2014] [Accepted: 12/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipid extraction of biomass prior to stable isotope analysis is known to cause variable changes in the stable nitrogen isotopic composition (δ15N) of residual biomass. However, the underlying factors causing these changes are not yet clear. Here we address this issue by comparing the δ15N of bulk and residual biomass of several marine animal tissues (fish, crab, cockle, oyster, and polychaete), as well as the δ15N of the extracted lipids. As observed previously, lipid extraction led to a variable offset in δ15N of biomass (differences ranging from -2.3 to +1.8 ‰). Importantly, the total lipid extract (TLE) was highly depleted in 15N compared to bulk biomass, and also highly variable (differences ranging from -14 to +0.7 ‰). The TLE consisted mainly of phosphatidylcholines, a group of lipids with one nitrogen atom in the headgroup. To elucidate the cause for the 15N-depletion in the TLE, the δ15N of amino acids was determined, including serine because it is one of the main sources of nitrogen to N-containing lipids. Serine δ15N values differed by -7 to +2 ‰ from bulk biomass δ15N, and correlated well with the 15N depletion in TLEs. On average, serine was less depleted (-3‰) than the TLE (-7 ‰), possibly due to fractionation during biosynthesis of N-containing headgroups, or that other nitrogen-containing compounds, such as urea and choline, or recycled nitrogen contribute to the nitrogen isotopic composition of the TLE. The depletion in 15N of the TLE relative to biomass increased with the trophic level of the organisms.
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81
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Abstract
In most ecosystems, microbes are the dominant consumers, commandeering much of the heterotrophic biomass circulating through food webs. Characterizing functional diversity within the microbiome, therefore, is critical to understanding ecosystem functioning, particularly in an era of global biodiversity loss. Using isotopic fingerprinting, we investigated the trophic positions of a broad diversity of heterotrophic organisms. Specifically, we examined the naturally occurring stable isotopes of nitrogen ((15)N:(14)N) within amino acids extracted from proteobacteria, actinomycetes, ascomycetes, and basidiomycetes, as well as from vertebrate and invertebrate macrofauna (crustaceans, fish, insects, and mammals). Here, we report that patterns of intertrophic (15)N-discrimination were remarkably similar among bacteria, fungi, and animals, which permitted unambiguous measurement of consumer trophic position, independent of phylogeny or ecosystem type. The observed similarities among bacterial, fungal, and animal consumers suggest that within a trophic hierarchy, microbiota are equivalent to, and can be interdigitated with, macrobiota. To further test the universality of this finding, we examined Neotropical fungus gardens, communities in which bacteria, fungi, and animals are entwined in an ancient, quadripartite symbiosis. We reveal that this symbiosis is a discrete four-level food chain, wherein bacteria function as the apex carnivores, animals and fungi are meso-consumers, and the sole herbivores are fungi. Together, our findings demonstrate that bacteria, fungi, and animals can be integrated within a food chain, effectively uniting the macro- and microbiome in food web ecology and facilitating greater inclusion of the microbiome in studies of functional diversity.
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82
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Boersma M, Mathew KA, Niehoff B, Schoo KL, Franco-Santos RM, Meunier CL. Temperature driven changes in the diet preference of omnivorous copepods: no more meat when it's hot? Ecol Lett 2015; 19:45-53. [PMID: 26567776 DOI: 10.1111/ele.12541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2015] [Accepted: 10/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Herbivory is more prevalent in the tropics than at higher latitudes. If differences in ambient temperature are the direct cause for this phenomenon, then the same pattern should be visible in a seasonal gradient, as well as in experiments manipulating temperature. Using (15)N stable isotope analyses of natural populations of the copepod Temora longicornis we indeed observed seasonal differences in the trophic level of the copepod and a decrease in trophic level with increasing temperature. In a grazing experiment, with a mixed diet of the cryptophyte Rhodomonas salina and the heterotrophic dinoflagellate Oxyrrhis marina, T. longicornis preferred the cryptophyte at higher temperatures, whereas at lower temperatures it preferred the non-autotrophic prey. We explain these results by the higher relative carbon content of primary producers compared to consumers, in combination with the higher demand for metabolic carbon at higher temperatures. Thus, currently increasing temperatures may cause changes in dietary preferences of many consumers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maarten Boersma
- Alfred-Wegener-Institut Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung, Biologische Anstalt Helgoland, Postfach 180, 27483, Helgoland, Germany.,University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
| | - K Avarachen Mathew
- Alfred-Wegener-Institut Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung, Biologische Anstalt Helgoland, Postfach 180, 27483, Helgoland, Germany
| | - Barbara Niehoff
- Alfred-Wegener-Institut Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung, Bremerhaven, Germany
| | - Katherina L Schoo
- Alfred-Wegener-Institut Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung, Biologische Anstalt Helgoland, Postfach 180, 27483, Helgoland, Germany
| | - Rita M Franco-Santos
- University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany.,Alfred-Wegener-Institut Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung, Bremerhaven, Germany
| | - Cédric L Meunier
- Alfred-Wegener-Institut Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung, Biologische Anstalt Helgoland, Postfach 180, 27483, Helgoland, Germany
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Naito YI, Morita A, Natsuhara K, Tadokoro K, Baba J, Odani S, Tomitsuka E, Igai K, Tsutaya T, Yoneda M, Greenhill AR, Horwood PF, Soli KW, Phuanukoonnon S, Siba PM, Umezaki M. Association of protein intakes and variation of diet-scalp hair nitrogen isotopic discrimination factor in Papua New Guinea highlanders. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 2015; 158:359-70. [DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.22798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2014] [Revised: 06/09/2015] [Accepted: 06/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuichi I. Naito
- Department of Integrated Biosciences; Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo; Kashiwanoha 5-1-5 Kashiwa Chiba 277-8562 Japan
| | - Ayako Morita
- Department of Human Ecology; Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo; 7-3-1 Hongo Bunkyo Tokyo 113-0033 Japan
- Tokyo Medical and Dental University; Yushima 1-5-45 Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-8519 Japan
| | - Kazumi Natsuhara
- The Japanese Red Cross Akita College of Nursing; Nawashirosawa 17-3, Saruta, Kamikitate Akita Akita 010-1493 Japan
| | - Kiyoshi Tadokoro
- Department of Human Ecology; Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo; 7-3-1 Hongo Bunkyo Tokyo 113-0033 Japan
| | - Jun Baba
- The Research Institute for Languages and Cultures of Asia and Africa, Tokyo University of Foreign Studies; 3-11-1 Asahi-cho Fuchu Tokyo 183-8534 Japan
| | - Shingo Odani
- Faculty of Letters, Chiba University; 1-33 Yayoicho, Inage Chiba 263-8522 Japan
| | - Eriko Tomitsuka
- Department of Human Ecology; Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo; 7-3-1 Hongo Bunkyo Tokyo 113-0033 Japan
| | - Katsura Igai
- Graduate School of Biomedical Science, Nagasaki University; 1-12-4 Sakamoto Nagasaki 852-8523 Japan
| | - Takumi Tsutaya
- Department of Integrated Biosciences; Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo; Kashiwanoha 5-1-5 Kashiwa Chiba 277-8562 Japan
| | - Minoru Yoneda
- Department of Integrated Biosciences; Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo; Kashiwanoha 5-1-5 Kashiwa Chiba 277-8562 Japan
- The University Museum, The University of Tokyo; Hongo 7-3-1 Bunkyo Tokyo 113-0033 Japan
| | - Andrew R. Greenhill
- Papua New Guinea Institute of Medical Research, PO Box 60, Goroka, Eastern Highlands Province 441; Papua New Guinea
- Federation University; Gippsland Campus Northways Road, Churchill Victoria 3842 Australia
| | - Paul F. Horwood
- Papua New Guinea Institute of Medical Research, PO Box 60, Goroka, Eastern Highlands Province 441; Papua New Guinea
| | - Kevin W. Soli
- Papua New Guinea Institute of Medical Research, PO Box 60, Goroka, Eastern Highlands Province 441; Papua New Guinea
| | - Suparat Phuanukoonnon
- Papua New Guinea Institute of Medical Research, PO Box 60, Goroka, Eastern Highlands Province 441; Papua New Guinea
| | - Peter M. Siba
- Papua New Guinea Institute of Medical Research, PO Box 60, Goroka, Eastern Highlands Province 441; Papua New Guinea
| | - Masahiro Umezaki
- Department of Human Ecology; Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo; 7-3-1 Hongo Bunkyo Tokyo 113-0033 Japan
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84
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Chikaraishi Y, Steffan SA, Takano Y, Ohkouchi N. Diet quality influences isotopic discrimination among amino acids in an aquatic vertebrate. Ecol Evol 2015; 5:2048-59. [PMID: 26045955 PMCID: PMC4449758 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.1491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2014] [Revised: 03/03/2015] [Accepted: 03/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Stable nitrogen isotopic composition of amino acids (δ (15)NAA) has recently been employed as a powerful tool in ecological food web studies, particularly for estimating the trophic position (TP) of animal species in food webs. However, the validity of these estimates depends on the consistency of the trophic discrimination factor (TDF; - Δδ (15)NAA at each shift of trophic level) among a suite of amino acids within the tissues of consumer species. In this study, we determined the TDF values of amino acids in tadpoles (the Japanese toad, Bufo japonicus) reared exclusively on one of three diets that differed in nutritional quality. The diets were commercial fish-food pellets (plant and animal biomass), bloodworms (animal biomass), and boiled white rice (plant carbohydrate), representing a balanced, protein-rich, and protein-poor diet, respectively. The TDF values of two "source amino acids" (Src-AAs), methionine and phenylalanine, were close to zero (0.3-0.5‰) among the three diets, typifying the values reported in the literature (∼0.5‰ and ∼0.4‰, respectively). However, TDF values of "trophic amino acids" (Tr-AAs) including alanine, valine, leucine, isoleucine, and glutamic acid varied by diet: for example, the glutamic acid TDF was similar to the standard value (∼8.0‰) when tadpoles were fed either the commercial pellets (8.0‰) or bloodworms (7.9‰), but when they were fed boiled rice, the TDF was significantly reduced (0.6‰). These results suggest that a profound lack of dietary protein may alter the TDF values of glutamic acid (and other Tr-AAs and glycine) within consumer species, but not the two Src-AAs (i.e., methionine and phenylalanine). Knowledge of how a nutritionally poor diet can influence the TDF of Tr- and Src-AAs will allow amino acid isotopic analyses to better estimate TP among free-roaming animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshito Chikaraishi
- Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology 2-15 Natsushima-cho, Yokosuka, 237-0061, Japan
| | - Shawn A Steffan
- USDA-ARS Vegetable Crops Research Unit, Department of Entomology, University of Wisconsin 1630 Linden Dr., Madison, WI, USA
| | - Yoshinori Takano
- Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology 2-15 Natsushima-cho, Yokosuka, 237-0061, Japan
| | - Naohiko Ohkouchi
- Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology 2-15 Natsushima-cho, Yokosuka, 237-0061, Japan
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85
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Meta-analysis of amino acid stable nitrogen isotope ratios for estimating trophic position in marine organisms. Oecologia 2015; 178:631-42. [DOI: 10.1007/s00442-015-3305-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2014] [Accepted: 03/19/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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86
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McMahon KW, Polito MJ, Abel S, McCarthy MD, Thorrold SR. Carbon and nitrogen isotope fractionation of amino acids in an avian marine predator, the gentoo penguin (Pygoscelis papua). Ecol Evol 2015; 5:1278-90. [PMID: 25859333 PMCID: PMC4377271 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.1437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2015] [Revised: 01/22/2015] [Accepted: 01/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Compound-specific stable isotope analysis (CSIA) of amino acids (AA) has rapidly become a powerful tool in studies of food web architecture, resource use, and biogeochemical cycling. However, applications to avian ecology have been limited because no controlled studies have examined the patterns in AA isotope fractionation in birds. We conducted a controlled CSIA feeding experiment on an avian species, the gentoo penguin (Pygoscelis papua), to examine patterns in individual AA carbon and nitrogen stable isotope fractionation between diet (D) and consumer (C) (Δ13CC-D and Δ15NC-D, respectively). We found that essential AA δ13C values and source AA δ15N values in feathers showed minimal trophic fractionation between diet and consumer, providing independent but complimentary archival proxies for primary producers and nitrogen sources respectively, at the base of food webs supporting penguins. Variations in nonessential AA Δ13CC-D values reflected differences in macromolecule sources used for biosynthesis (e.g., protein vs. lipids) and provided a metric to assess resource utilization. The avian-specific nitrogen trophic discrimination factor (TDFGlu-Phe = 3.5 ± 0.4‰) that we calculated from the difference in trophic fractionation (Δ15NC-D) of glutamic acid and phenylalanine was significantly lower than the conventional literature value of 7.6‰. Trophic positions of five species of wild penguins calculated using a multi-TDFGlu-Phe equation with the avian-specific TDFGlu-Phe value from our experiment provided estimates that were more ecologically realistic than estimates using a single TDFGlu-Phe of 7.6‰ from the previous literature. Our results provide a quantitative, mechanistic framework for the use of CSIA in nonlethal, archival feathers to study the movement and foraging ecology of avian consumers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelton W McMahon
- Ocean Sciences Department, University of California Santa Cruz, California, 95064 ; Biology Department, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution Woods Hole, Massachusetts, 02543
| | - Michael J Polito
- Department of Oceanography and Coastal Sciences, Louisiana State University Baton Rouge, Louisiana, 70803
| | - Stephanie Abel
- Omaha's Henry Doorly Zoo and Aquarium Omaha, Nebraska, 68107
| | - Matthew D McCarthy
- Ocean Sciences Department, University of California Santa Cruz, California, 95064
| | - Simon R Thorrold
- Biology Department, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution Woods Hole, Massachusetts, 02543
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87
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Bowes RE, Thorp JH. Consequences of employing amino acid vs. bulk-tissue, stable isotope analysis: a laboratory trophic position experiment. Ecosphere 2015. [DOI: 10.1890/es14-00423.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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