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Wang B, Lim JH, Kajikawa T, Li X, Vallance BA, Moutsopoulos NM, Chavakis T, Hajishengallis G. Macrophage β2-Integrins Regulate IL-22 by ILC3s and Protect from Lethal Citrobacter rodentium-Induced Colitis. Cell Rep 2019; 26:1614-1626.e5. [PMID: 30726742 PMCID: PMC6404229 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.01.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2018] [Revised: 12/07/2018] [Accepted: 01/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
β2-integrins promote neutrophil recruitment to infected tissues and are crucial for host defense. Neutrophil recruitment is defective in leukocyte adhesion deficiency type-1 (LAD1), a condition caused by mutations in the CD18 (β2-integrin) gene. Using a model of Citrobacter rodentium (CR)-induced colitis, we show that CD18-/- mice display increased intestinal damage and systemic bacterial burden, compared to littermate controls, ultimately succumbing to infection. This phenotype is not attributed to defective neutrophil recruitment, as it is shared by CXCR2-/- mice that survive CR infection. CR-infected CD18-/- mice feature prominent upregulation of IL-17 and downregulation of IL-22. Exogenous IL-22 administration, but not endogenous IL-17 neutralization, protects CD18-/- mice from lethal colitis. β2-integrin expression on macrophages is mechanistically linked to Rac1/ROS-mediated induction of noncanonical-NLRP3 (nucleotide-binding domain, leucine-rich-containing family, pyrin domain-containing-3) inflammasome-dependent IL-1β production, which promotes ILC3-derived IL-22. Therefore, β2-integrins are required for protective IL-1β-dependent IL-22 responses in colitis, and the identified mechanism may underlie the association of human LAD1 with colitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baomei Wang
- Department of Microbiology, University of Pennsylvania School of Dental Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
| | - Jong-Hyung Lim
- Department of Microbiology, University of Pennsylvania School of Dental Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Tetsuhiro Kajikawa
- Department of Microbiology, University of Pennsylvania School of Dental Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Xiaofei Li
- Department of Microbiology, University of Pennsylvania School of Dental Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Bruce A Vallance
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Gastroenterology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6H 3N1, Canada
| | | | - Triantafyllos Chavakis
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - George Hajishengallis
- Department of Microbiology, University of Pennsylvania School of Dental Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
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Alatrash G, Qiao N, Zhang M, Zope M, Perakis AA, Sukhumalchandra P, Philips AV, Garber HR, Kerros C, St John LS, Khouri MR, Khong H, Clise-Dwyer K, Miller LP, Wolpe S, Overwijk WW, Molldrem JJ, Ma Q, Shpall EJ, Mittendorf EA. Fucosylation Enhances the Efficacy of Adoptively Transferred Antigen-Specific Cytotoxic T Lymphocytes. Clin Cancer Res 2019; 25:2610-2620. [PMID: 30647079 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-18-1527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2018] [Revised: 10/23/2018] [Accepted: 01/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Inefficient homing of adoptively transferred cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) to tumors is a major limitation to the efficacy of adoptive cellular therapy (ACT) for cancer. However, through fucosylation, a process whereby fucosyltransferases (FT) add fucose groups to cell surface glycoproteins, this challenge may be overcome. Endogenously fucosylated CTLs and ex vivo fucosylated cord blood stem cells and regulatory T cells were shown to preferentially home to inflamed tissues and marrow. Here, we show a novel approach to enhance CTL homing to leukemic marrow and tumor tissue. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Using the enzyme FT-VII, we fucosylated CTLs that target the HLA-A2-restricted leukemia antigens CG1 and PR1, the HER2-derived breast cancer antigen E75, and the melanoma antigen gp-100. We performed in vitro homing assays to study the effects of fucosylation on CTL homing and target killing. We used in vivo mouse models to demonstrate the effects of ex vivo fucosylation on CTL antitumor activities against leukemia, breast cancer, and melanoma. RESULTS Our data show that fucosylation increases in vitro homing and cytotoxicity of antigen-specific CTLs. Furthermore, fucosylation enhances in vivo CTL homing to leukemic bone marrow, breast cancer, and melanoma tissue in NOD/SCID gamma (NSG) and immunocompetent mice, ultimately boosting the antitumor activity of the antigen-specific CTLs. Importantly, our work demonstrates that fucosylation does not interfere with CTL specificity. CONCLUSIONS Together, our data establish ex vivo CTL fucosylation as a novel approach to improving the efficacy of ACT, which may be of great value for the future of ACT for cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gheath Alatrash
- Department of Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas.
| | - Na Qiao
- Department of Breast Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Mao Zhang
- Department of Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Madhushree Zope
- Department of Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Alexander A Perakis
- Department of Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Pariya Sukhumalchandra
- Department of Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Anne V Philips
- Department of Breast Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Haven R Garber
- Department of Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Celine Kerros
- Department of Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Lisa S St John
- Department of Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Maria R Khouri
- Department of Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Hiep Khong
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Karen Clise-Dwyer
- Department of Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | | | | | - Willem W Overwijk
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Jeffrey J Molldrem
- Department of Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Qing Ma
- Department of Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Elizabeth J Shpall
- Department of Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Elizabeth A Mittendorf
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Dana-Farber/Brigham and Women's Cancer Center, Boston, Massachusetts.
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53
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Complement factor H family proteins in their non-canonical role as modulators of cellular functions. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2019; 85:122-131. [DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2017.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2017] [Revised: 11/23/2017] [Accepted: 12/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a multifactorial disease caused by dysregulated immune responses to commensal or pathogenic intestinal microbes, resulting in chronic intestinal inflammation. However, a subset of patients with IBD diagnosed <6 years of age, known as very early-onset (VEO)-IBD, can be phenotypically and genetically distinct from older onset IBD. We aim to review the clinical presentation of children with VEO-IBD and recent discoveries that point to the underlying genomic and immunologic drivers of disease, and the significant impact on our therapeutic decisions. RECENT FINDINGS VEO-IBD is increasing in incidence and is associated with more severe disease, aggressive progression, and poor response to most conventional therapies. This article will review some of the genetic findings in this population and the subsequent impact on therapy, with targeted approaches. SUMMARY Children with VEO-IBD may present with a different phenotype and more severe disease than older children and adults. An integrated approach combining genetics, immunology, and traditional IBD evaluations can lead to the identification of causal defects that directly impact management. These strategies can also be employed in older onset refractory IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maire A Conrad
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia Philadelphia, Pennsylvania,Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Judith R Kelsen
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia Philadelphia, Pennsylvania,Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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55
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Tseng HY, Samarelli AV, Kammerer P, Scholze S, Ziegler T, Immler R, Zent R, Sperandio M, Sanders CR, Fässler R, Böttcher RT. LCP1 preferentially binds clasped αMβ2 integrin and attenuates leukocyte adhesion under flow. J Cell Sci 2018; 131:jcs.218214. [PMID: 30333137 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.218214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2018] [Accepted: 09/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Integrins are α/β heterodimers that interconvert between inactive and active states. In the active state the α/β cytoplasmic domains recruit integrin-activating proteins and separate the transmembrane and cytoplasmic (TMcyto) domains (unclasped TMcyto). Conversely, in the inactive state the α/β TMcyto domains bind integrin-inactivating proteins, resulting in the association of the TMcyto domains (clasped TMcyto). Here, we report the isolation of integrin cytoplasmic tail interactors using either lipid bicelle-incorporated integrin TMcyto domains (α5, αM, αIIb, β1, β2 and β3 integrin TMcyto) or a clasped, lipid bicelle-incorporated αMβ2 TMcyto. Among the proteins found to preferentially bind clasped rather than the isolated αM and β2 subunits was L-plastin (LCP1, also known as plastin-2), which binds to and maintains the inactive state of αMβ2 integrin in vivo and thereby regulates leukocyte adhesion to integrin ligands under flow. Our findings offer a global view on cytoplasmic proteins interacting with different integrins and provide evidence for the existence of conformation-specific integrin interactors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Yuan Tseng
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Max Planck Institute for Biochemistry, 82152 Martinsried, Germany
| | - Anna V Samarelli
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Max Planck Institute for Biochemistry, 82152 Martinsried, Germany
| | - Patricia Kammerer
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Max Planck Institute for Biochemistry, 82152 Martinsried, Germany
| | - Sarah Scholze
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Max Planck Institute for Biochemistry, 82152 Martinsried, Germany
| | - Tilman Ziegler
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Max Planck Institute for Biochemistry, 82152 Martinsried, Germany
| | - Roland Immler
- Walter Brendel Center for Experimental Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Roy Zent
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, 37232 Tennessee, USA.,Department of Medicine, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Nashville, 37232 Tennessee, USA
| | - Markus Sperandio
- Walter Brendel Center for Experimental Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Charles R Sanders
- Department of Biochemistry, Center for Structural Biology, and Institute of Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, 37232 Tennessee, USA
| | - Reinhard Fässler
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Max Planck Institute for Biochemistry, 82152 Martinsried, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Munich Heart Alliance, 80802 Munich, Germany
| | - Ralph T Böttcher
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Max Planck Institute for Biochemistry, 82152 Martinsried, Germany .,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Munich Heart Alliance, 80802 Munich, Germany
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56
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Immler R, Simon SI, Sperandio M. Calcium signalling and related ion channels in neutrophil recruitment and function. Eur J Clin Invest 2018; 48 Suppl 2:e12964. [PMID: 29873837 PMCID: PMC6221920 DOI: 10.1111/eci.12964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2018] [Accepted: 06/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The recruitment of neutrophils to sites of inflammation, their battle against invading microorganisms through phagocytosis and the release of antimicrobial agents is a highly coordinated and tightly regulated process that involves the interplay of many different receptors, ion channels and signalling pathways. Changes in intracellular calcium levels, caused by cytosolic Ca2+ store depletion and the influx of extracellular Ca2+ via ion channels, play a critical role in synchronizing neutrophil activation and function. In this review, we provide an overview of how Ca2+ signalling is initiated in neutrophils and how changes in intracellular Ca2+ levels modulate neutrophil function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roland Immler
- Walter Brendel Centre of Experimental Medicine, Biomedical Center, Klinikum der Universität, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Germany
| | - Scott I. Simon
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Graduate Group in Immunology, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Markus Sperandio
- Walter Brendel Centre of Experimental Medicine, Biomedical Center, Klinikum der Universität, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Germany
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57
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Leukocyte adhesion deficiency-I caused by a novel mutation in ITGB2 presenting with pyoderma gangrenosum. LYMPHOSIGN JOURNAL-THE JOURNAL OF INHERITED IMMUNE DISORDERS 2018. [DOI: 10.14785/lymphosign-2018-0006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Background: Leukocyte adhesion deficiency (LAD) syndromes are primary immunodeficiency disorders caused by defects in adhesion molecules on leukocytes resulting in impaired migration into tissues. Common cutaneous manifestations of LAD include bacterial infections, omphalitis with delayed separation of the umbilical cord, impaired pus formation and poor wound healing. LAD is associated with significant morbidity and mortality, making early diagnosis and management integral in the care of these patients. Methods: Molecular testing and flow cytometry for expression of CD18 were performed on 2 siblings presenting with cutaneous lesions including pyoderma gangrenosum (PG). Results: We describe 2 siblings with a novel homozygous mutation in ITGB2 (c.2070del, p.Asp690Glufs*25) resulting in an atypical presentation of LAD-I with PG. Conclusion: LAD should be considered in patients presenting with unexplained PG, even in the absence of significant infections or umbilical cord complications. Statement of novelty: To the best of our knowledge, we describe a novel homozygous mutation in ITGB2 (c.2070del, p.Asp690Glufs*25) resulting in LAD-I. Patients with LAD-I may present with unexplained PG and may lack classic symptoms including umbilical cord complications.
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58
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59
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Leukocyte adhesion deficiency-I: A comprehensive review of all published cases. THE JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY-IN PRACTICE 2018; 6:1418-1420.e10. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaip.2017.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2017] [Revised: 12/11/2017] [Accepted: 12/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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60
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Kurz ARM, Catz SD, Sperandio M. Noncanonical Hippo Signalling in the Regulation of Leukocyte Function. Trends Immunol 2018; 39:656-669. [PMID: 29954663 DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2018.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2018] [Revised: 05/03/2018] [Accepted: 05/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The mammalian sterile 20-like (MST) kinases are central constituents of the evolutionary ancient canonical Hippo pathway regulating cell proliferation and survival. However, perhaps surprisingly, MST1 deficiency in human patients leads to a severe combined immunodeficiency syndrome with features of autoimmune disease. In line with this, Mst1-deficient mice exhibit severe defects in lymphocyte and neutrophil functions as well as disturbed intracellular vesicle transport. These findings spurred research on the noncanonical functions of MST1 in leukocytes. Here, we summarise the latest findings on this topic and discuss MST1 as a critical regulator of various leukocyte functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela R M Kurz
- Walter Brendel Center of Experimental Medicine, BMC, Klinikum der Universität, LMU Munich, Germany; The Centenary Institute, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Sergio D Catz
- The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Markus Sperandio
- Walter Brendel Center of Experimental Medicine, BMC, Klinikum der Universität, LMU Munich, Germany; DZHK Munich, Germany.
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61
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Hajishengallis G, Korostoff JM. Revisiting the Page & Schroeder model: the good, the bad and the unknowns in the periodontal host response 40 years later. Periodontol 2000 2018; 75:116-151. [PMID: 28758305 DOI: 10.1111/prd.12181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
In their classic 1976 paper, Page & Schroeder described the histopathologic events and the types of myeloid cells and lymphocytes involved in the initiation and progression of inflammatory periodontal disease. The staging of periodontal disease pathogenesis as 'initial', 'early', 'established' and 'advanced' lesions productively guided subsequent research in the field and remains fundamentally valid. However, major advances regarding the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying the induction, regulation and effector functions of immune and inflammatory responses necessitate a reassessment of their work and its integration with emerging new concepts. We now know that each type of leukocyte is actually represented by functionally distinct subsets with different, or even conflicting, roles in immunity and inflammation. Unexpectedly, neutrophils, traditionally regarded as merely antimicrobial effectors in acute conditions and protagonists of the 'initial' lesion, are currently appreciated for their functional versatility and critical roles in chronic inflammation. Moreover, an entirely new field of study, osteoimmunology, has emerged and sheds light on the impact of immunoinflammatory events on the skeletal system. These developments and the molecular dissection of crosstalk interactions between innate and adaptive leukocytes, as well as between the immune system and local homeostatic mechanisms, offer a more nuanced understanding of the host response in periodontitis, with profound implications for treatment. At the same time, deeper insights have generated new questions, many of which remain unanswered. In this review, 40 years after Page & Schroeder proposed their model, we summarize enduring and emerging advances in periodontal disease pathogenesis.
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62
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Sardar MYR, Mandhapati AR, Park S, Wever WJ, Cummings RD, Chaikof EL. Convergent Synthesis of Sialyl Lewis X- O-Core-1 Threonine. J Org Chem 2018; 83:4963-4972. [PMID: 29638128 PMCID: PMC7648531 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.7b03117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Selectins are a class of cell adhesion molecules that play a critical role during the initial steps of inflammation. The N-terminal domain of P-selectin glycoprotein ligand-1 (PSGL-1) binds to all selectins, but with the highest affinity to P-selectin. Recent evidence suggests that the blockade of P-selectin/PSGL-1 interactions provides a viable therapeutic option for the treatment of many inflammatory diseases. Herein, we report the total synthesis of threonine bearing sialyl LewisX (sLeX) linked to a Core-1- O-hexasaccharide 1, as a key glycan of the N-terminal domain of PSGL-1. A convergent synthesis using α-selective sialylation and a regioselective [4+2] glycosylation are the key features of this synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Y. R. Sardar
- Department of Surgery, Center for Drug Discovery and Translational Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, 110 Francis Street, Suite 9F, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
- Wyss Institute of Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, 110 Francis Street, Suite 9F, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Appi Reddy Mandhapati
- Department of Surgery, Center for Drug Discovery and Translational Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, 110 Francis Street, Suite 9F, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
- Wyss Institute of Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, 110 Francis Street, Suite 9F, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Simon Park
- Department of Surgery, Center for Drug Discovery and Translational Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, 110 Francis Street, Suite 9F, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
- Wyss Institute of Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, 110 Francis Street, Suite 9F, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Walter J. Wever
- Department of Surgery, Center for Drug Discovery and Translational Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, 110 Francis Street, Suite 9F, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
- Wyss Institute of Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, 110 Francis Street, Suite 9F, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Richard D. Cummings
- Department of Surgery, Center for Drug Discovery and Translational Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, 110 Francis Street, Suite 9F, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
| | - Elliot L. Chaikof
- Department of Surgery, Center for Drug Discovery and Translational Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, 110 Francis Street, Suite 9F, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
- Wyss Institute of Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, 110 Francis Street, Suite 9F, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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63
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Inhibitory effects of α, β-unsaturated carbonyl-based compounds and their pyrazoline derivatives on the phagocytosis of human neutrophils. Med Chem Res 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s00044-018-2163-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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64
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Laberge A, Arif S, Moulin VJ. Microvesicles: Intercellular messengers in cutaneous wound healing. J Cell Physiol 2018; 233:5550-5563. [DOI: 10.1002/jcp.26426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2017] [Accepted: 01/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Laberge
- Centre de recherche en organogenese experimentale de l'Université Laval/LOEXCentre de recherche du CHU de QuebecQuebecCanada
| | - Syrine Arif
- Centre de recherche en organogenese experimentale de l'Université Laval/LOEXCentre de recherche du CHU de QuebecQuebecCanada
| | - Véronique J. Moulin
- Centre de recherche en organogenese experimentale de l'Université Laval/LOEXCentre de recherche du CHU de QuebecQuebecCanada
- Department of SurgeryFaculty of MedicineUniversite LavalQuebecCanada
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Abstract
Neutrophils are the primary cells recruited to inflamed sites during an innate immune response to tissue damage and/or infection. They are finely sensitive to inciting stimuli to reach in great numbers and within minutes areas of inflammation and tissue insult. For this effective response, they can detect extracellular chemical gradients and move towards higher concentrations, the so-called chemotaxis process or guided cell migration. This directed neutrophil recruitment is orchestrated by chemoattractants, a chemically diverse group of molecular guidance cues (e.g., lipids, N-formylated peptides, complement, anaphylotoxins and chemokines). Neutrophils respond to these guidance signals in a hierarchical manner and, based on this concept, they can be further subdivided into two groups: "end target" and "intermediary" chemoattractants, the signals of the former dominant over the latter. Neutrophil chemoattractants exert their effects through interaction with heptahelical G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) expressed on cell surfaces and the chemotactic response is mainly regulated by the Rho family of GTPases. Additionally, neutrophil behavior might differ and be affected in different complex scenarios such as disease conditions and type of vascular bed in specific organs. Finally, there are different mechanisms to disrupt neutrophil chemotaxis either associated to the resolution of inflammation or to bacterial escape and systemic infection. Therefore, in the present review, we will discuss the different molecular players involved in neutrophil chemotaxis, paying special attention to the different chemoattractants described and the way that they interact intra- and extravascularly for neutrophils to properly reach the target tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Björn Petri
- Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases Mouse Phenomics Resource Laboratory, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, T2N 4N1, Canada. .,Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, T2N 4N1, Canada.
| | - Maria-Jesús Sanz
- Institute of Health Research INCLIVA, University Clinic Hospital of Valencia, Valencia, Spain. .,Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Valencia, Valencia, Spain.
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66
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The Role of NK Cells in Pig-to-Human Xenotransplantation. J Immunol Res 2017; 2017:4627384. [PMID: 29410970 PMCID: PMC5749293 DOI: 10.1155/2017/4627384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2017] [Accepted: 10/31/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Recruitment of human NK cells to porcine tissues has been demonstrated in pig organs perfused ex vivo with human blood in the early 1990s. Subsequently, the molecular mechanisms leading to adhesion and cytotoxicity in human NK cell-porcine endothelial cell (pEC) interactions have been elucidated in vitro to identify targets for therapeutic interventions. Specific molecular strategies to overcome human anti-pig NK cell responses include (1) blocking of the molecular events leading to recruitment (chemotaxis, adhesion, and transmigration), (2) expression of human MHC class I molecules on pECs that inhibit NK cells, and (3) elimination or blocking of pig ligands for activating human NK receptors. The potential of cell-based strategies including tolerogenic dendritic cells (DC) and regulatory T cells (Treg) and the latest progress using transgenic pigs genetically modified to reduce xenogeneic NK cell responses are discussed. Finally, we present the status of phenotypic and functional characterization of nonhuman primate (NHP) NK cells, essential for studying their role in xenograft rejection using preclinical pig-to-NHP models, and summarize key advances and important perspectives for future research.
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67
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Neutrophils and PMN-MDSC: Their biological role and interaction with stromal cells. Semin Immunol 2017; 35:19-28. [PMID: 29254756 DOI: 10.1016/j.smim.2017.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 207] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2017] [Accepted: 12/08/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Neutrophils and polymorphonucler myeloid-derived suppressor cells (PMN-MDSC) share origin and many morphological and phenotypic features. However, they have different biological role. Neutrophils are one of the major mechanisms of protection against invading pathogens, whereas PMN-MDSC have immune suppressive activity and restrict immune responses in cancer, chronic infectious disease, trauma, sepsis, and many other pathological conditions. Although in healthy adult individuals, PMN-MDSC are not or barely detectable, in patients with cancer and many other diseases they accumulate at various degree and co-exist with neutrophils. Recent advances allow for better distinction of these cells and better understanding of their biological role. Accumulating evidence indicates PMN-MDSC as pathologically activated neutrophils, with important role in regulation of immune responses. In this review, we provide an overview on the definition and characterization of PMN-MDSC and neutrophils, their pathological significance in a variety of diseases, and their interaction with other stromal components.
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68
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Fan Z, Ley K. Leukocyte Adhesion Deficiency IV. Monocyte Integrin Activation Deficiency in Cystic Fibrosis. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2017; 193:1075-7. [PMID: 27174474 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.201512-2454ed] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Zhichao Fan
- 1 Division of Inflammation Biology La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology La Jolla, California and
| | - Klaus Ley
- 1 Division of Inflammation Biology La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology La Jolla, California and.,2 Department of Bioengineering University of California, San Diego La Jolla, California
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69
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Non-identical twins: Different faces of CR3 and CR4 in myeloid and lymphoid cells of mice and men. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2017; 85:110-121. [PMID: 29174917 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2017.11.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2017] [Revised: 11/17/2017] [Accepted: 11/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Integrins are cell membrane receptors that are involved in essential physiological and serious pathological processes. Their main role is to ensure a closely regulated link between the extracellular matrix and the intracellular cytoskeletal network enabling cells to react to environmental stimuli. Complement receptor type 3 (CR3, αMβ2, CD11b/CD18) and type 4 (CR4, αXβ2, CD11c/CD18) are members of the β2-integrin family expressed on most white blood cells. Both receptors bind multiple ligands like iC3b, ICAM, fibrinogen or LPS. β2-integrins are accepted to play important roles in cellular adhesion, migration, phagocytosis, ECM rearrangement and inflammation. Several pathological conditions are linked to the impaired functions of these receptors. CR3 and CR4 are generally thought to mediate overlapping functions in monocytes, macrophages and dendritic cells, therefore the potential distinctive role of these receptors has not been investigated so far in satisfactory details. Lately it has become clear that a functional segregation has evolved between the two receptors regarding phagocytosis, cellular adhesion and podosome formation. In addition to their tasks on myeloid cells, the expression and function of CR3 and CR4 on lymphocytes have also gained interest recently. The picture is further complicated by the fact that while these β2-integrins are expressed by immune cells both in mice and humans, there are significant differences in their expression level, functions and the pathological consequences of genetic defects. Here we aim to summarize our current knowledge on CR3 and CR4 and highlight the functional differences between these receptors, involving their expression in myeloid and lymphoid cells of both men and mice.
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Tong H, Qi D, Guan X, Jiang G, Liao Z, Zhang X, Chen P, Li N, Wu M. c-Abl tyrosine kinase regulates neutrophil crawling behavior under fluid shear stress via Rac/PAK/LIMK/cofilin signaling axis. J Cell Biochem 2017; 119:2806-2817. [PMID: 29058761 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.26453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2017] [Accepted: 10/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The excessive recruitment and improper activation of polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs) often induces serious injury of host tissues, leading to inflammatory disorders. Therefore, to understand the molecular mechanism on neutrophil recruitment possesses essential pathological and physiological importance. In this study, we found that physiological shear stress induces c-Abl kinase activation in neutrophils, and c-Abl kinase inhibitor impaired neutrophil crawling behavior on ICAM-1. We further identified Vav1 was a downstream effector phosphorylated at Y174 and Y267. Once activated, c-Abl kinase regulated the activity of Vav1, which further affected Rac1/PAK1/LIMK1/cofilin signaling pathway. Here, we demonstrate a novel signaling function and critical role of c-Abl kinase during neutrophil crawling under physiological shear by regulating Vav1. These findings provide a promising treatment strategy for inflammation-related disease by inactivation of c-Abl kinase to restrict neutrophil recruitment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haibin Tong
- College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, China.,Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Geriatric Medicine, Life Science Research Center, Beihua University, Jilin, China
| | - Dake Qi
- Faculty of Medicine, Division of Biomedical Sciences, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, Newfoundland, Canada
| | - Xingang Guan
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Geriatric Medicine, Life Science Research Center, Beihua University, Jilin, China
| | - Guiquan Jiang
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Geriatric Medicine, Life Science Research Center, Beihua University, Jilin, China
| | - Zhiyong Liao
- College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xu Zhang
- College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Peichao Chen
- College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Nan Li
- College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Mingjiang Wu
- College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, China
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a multifactorial disease caused by dysregulated immune responses to commensal or pathogenic intestinal microbes, resulting in chronic intestinal inflammation. Patients diagnosed with IBD occurring before the age of 5 are a unique population, known as very early onset (VEO)-IBD and can be phenotypically and genetically distinct from older-onset IBD. We aim to review the clinical presentation of children with VEO-IBD and recent discoveries that point to genomic drivers of disease that may impact our therapeutic decisions. RECENT FINDINGS VEO-IBD is increasing in incidence and is associated with more severe disease, aggressive progression and poor response to most conventional therapies. This article will review the advances in sequencing technology that have led to identification of novel gene variants associated with disease and potentially new targeted therapeutic options. SUMMARY Children with VEO-IBD may present with a different phenotype and more severe disease than older children and adults. Identification of the causal gene or pathways, these children may allow for true precision medicine with targeted therapy and improved disease course.
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72
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Peacock ME, Arce RM, Cutler CW. Periodontal and other oral manifestations of immunodeficiency diseases. Oral Dis 2017; 23:866-888. [PMID: 27630012 PMCID: PMC5352551 DOI: 10.1111/odi.12584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2016] [Revised: 08/31/2016] [Accepted: 09/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The list of immunodeficiency diseases grows each year as novel disorders are discovered, classified, and sometimes reclassified due to our ever-increasing knowledge of immune system function. Although the number of patients with secondary immunodeficiencies (SIDs) greatly exceeds those with primary immunodeficiencies (PIDs), the prevalence of both appears to be on the rise probably because of scientific breakthroughs that facilitate earlier and more accurate diagnosis. Primary immunodeficiencies in adults are not as rare as once thought. Globally, the main causes of secondary immunodeficiency are HIV infection and nutritional insufficiencies. Persons with acquired immune disorders such as AIDS caused by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) are now living long and fulfilling lives as a result of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). Irrespective of whether the patient's immune-deficient state is a consequence of a genetic defect or is secondary in nature, dental and medical practitioners must be aware of the constant potential for infections and/or expressions of autoimmunity in these individuals. The purpose of this review was to study the most common conditions resulting from primary and secondary immunodeficiency states, how they are classified, and the detrimental manifestations of these disorders on the periodontal and oral tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark E Peacock
- Associate Professor, Departments of Periodontics, Oral Biology
| | - Roger M. Arce
- Assistant Professor, Departments of Periodontics, Oral Biology
| | - Christopher W Cutler
- Professor, Departments of Periodontics, Oral Biology; Chair, Department of Periodontics, Associate Dean for Research, The Dental College of Georgia at Augusta University
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73
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Ramadass M, Catz SD. Molecular mechanisms regulating secretory organelles and endosomes in neutrophils and their implications for inflammation. Immunol Rev 2017; 273:249-65. [PMID: 27558339 DOI: 10.1111/imr.12452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Neutrophils constitute the first line of cellular defense against invading microorganisms and modulate the subsequent innate and adaptive immune responses. In order to execute a rapid and precise response to infections, neutrophils rely on preformed effector molecules stored in a variety of intracellular granules. Neutrophil granules contain microbicidal factors, the membrane-bound components of the respiratory burst oxidase, membrane-bound adhesion molecules, and receptors that facilitate the execution of all neutrophil functions including adhesion, transmigration, phagocytosis, degranulation, and neutrophil extracellular trap formation. The rapid mobilization of intracellular organelles is regulated by vesicular trafficking mechanisms controlled by effector molecules that include small GTPases and their interacting proteins. In this review, we focus on recent discoveries of mechanistic processes that are at center stage of the regulation of neutrophil function, highlighting the discrete and selective pathways controlled by trafficking modulators. In particular, we describe novel pathways controlled by the Rab27a effectors JFC1 and Munc13-4 in the regulation of degranulation, reactive oxygen species and neutrophil extracellular trap production, and endolysosomal signaling. Finally, we discuss the importance of understanding these molecular mechanisms in order to design novel approaches to modulate neutrophil-mediated inflammatory processes in a targeted fashion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahalakshmi Ramadass
- Department of Molecular and Experimental Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Sergio D Catz
- Department of Molecular and Experimental Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
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74
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Begandt D, Thome S, Sperandio M, Walzog B. How neutrophils resist shear stress at blood vessel walls: molecular mechanisms, subcellular structures, and cell-cell interactions. J Leukoc Biol 2017; 102:699-709. [PMID: 28619950 DOI: 10.1189/jlb.3mr0117-026rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2017] [Revised: 04/27/2017] [Accepted: 04/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Neutrophils are the first cells arriving at sites of tissue injury or infection to combat invading pathogens. Successful neutrophil recruitment to sites of inflammation highly depends on specific molecular mechanisms, fine-tuning the received information into signaling pathways and converting them into well-described recruitment steps. This review highlights the impact of vascular flow conditions on neutrophil recruitment and the multitude of mechanisms developed to enable this sophisticated process under wall shear stress conditions. The recruitment process underlies a complex interplay between adhesion and signaling molecules, as well as chemokines, in which neutrophils developed specific mechanisms to travel to sites of lesion in low and high shear stress conditions. Rolling, as the first step in the recruitment process, highly depends on endothelial selectins and their ligands on neutrophils, inducting of intracellular signaling and subsequently activating β2 integrins, enabling adhesion and postadhesion events. In addition, subcellular structures, such as microvilli, tethers, and slings allow the cell to arrest, even under high wall shear stress. Thereby, microvilli that are pulled out from the cell body form tethers that develop into slings upon their detachment from the substrate. In addition to the above-described primary capture, secondary capture of neutrophils via neutrophil-neutrophil or neutrophil-platelet interaction promotes the process of neutrophil recruitment to sites of lesion. Thus, precise mechanisms based on a complex molecular interplay, subcellular structures, and cell-cell interactions turn the delicate process of neutrophil trafficking during flow into a robust response allowing effective neutrophil accumulation at sites of injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Begandt
- Walter Brendel Centre of Experimental Medicine, Department of Cardiovascular Physiology and Pathophysiology, Biomedical Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Sarah Thome
- Walter Brendel Centre of Experimental Medicine, Department of Cardiovascular Physiology and Pathophysiology, Biomedical Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Markus Sperandio
- Walter Brendel Centre of Experimental Medicine, Department of Cardiovascular Physiology and Pathophysiology, Biomedical Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Barbara Walzog
- Walter Brendel Centre of Experimental Medicine, Department of Cardiovascular Physiology and Pathophysiology, Biomedical Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany.
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Caster DJ, Powell DW, Miralda I, Ward RA, McLeish KR. Re-Examining Neutrophil Participation in GN. J Am Soc Nephrol 2017; 28:2275-2289. [PMID: 28620081 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2016121271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Significant advances in understanding the pathogenesis of GN have occurred in recent decades. Among those advances is the finding that both innate and adaptive immune cells contribute to the development of GN. Neutrophils were recognized as key contributors in early animal models of GN, at a time when the prevailing view considered neutrophils to function as nonspecific effector cells that die quickly after performing antimicrobial functions. However, advances over the past two decades have shown that neutrophil functions are more complex and sophisticated. Specifically, research has revealed that neutrophil survival is regulated by the inflammatory milieu and that neutrophils demonstrate plasticity, mediate microbial killing through previously unrecognized mechanisms, demonstrate transcriptional activity leading to the release of cytokines and chemokines, interact with and regulate cells of the innate and adaptive immune systems, and contribute to the resolution of inflammation. Therefore, neutrophil participation in glomerular diseases deserves re-evaluation. In this review, we describe advances in understanding classic neutrophil functions, review the expanded roles of neutrophils in innate and adaptive immune responses, and summarize current knowledge of neutrophil contributions to GN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dawn J Caster
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky, .,Nephrology Section, Medicine Service, Robley Rex Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Louisville, Kentucky, and
| | - David W Powell
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky
| | - Irina Miralda
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky
| | - Richard A Ward
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky
| | - Kenneth R McLeish
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky.,Nephrology Section, Medicine Service, Robley Rex Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Louisville, Kentucky, and
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76
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Sorio C, Montresor A, Bolomini-Vittori M, Caldrer S, Rossi B, Dusi S, Angiari S, Johansson JE, Vezzalini M, Leal T, Calcaterra E, Assael BM, Melotti P, Laudanna C. Mutations of Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator Gene Cause a Monocyte-Selective Adhesion Deficiency. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2017; 193:1123-33. [PMID: 26694899 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.201510-1922oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a common genetic disease caused by mutations of the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene. Persistent lung inflammation, characterized by increasing polymorphonuclear leukocyte recruitment, is a major cause of the decline in respiratory function in patients with CF and is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality. CFTR is expressed in various cell types, including leukocytes, but its involvement in the regulation of leukocyte recruitment is unknown. OBJECTIVES We evaluated whether CF leukocytes might present with alterations in cell adhesion and migration, a key process governing innate and acquired immune responses. METHODS We used ex vivo adhesion and chemotaxis assays, flow cytometry, immunofluorescence, and GTPase activity assays in this study. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS We found that chemoattractant-induced activation of β1 and β2 integrins and of chemotaxis is defective in mononuclear cells isolated from patients with CF. In contrast, polymorphonuclear leukocyte adhesion and chemotaxis were normal. The functionality of β1 and β2 integrins was restored by treatment of CF monocytes with the CFTR-correcting drugs VRT325 and VX809. Moreover, treatment of healthy monocytes with the CFTR inhibitor CFTR(inh)-172 blocked integrin activation by chemoattractants. In a murine model of lung inflammation, we found that integrin-independent migration of CF monocytes into the lung parenchyma was normal, whereas, in contrast, integrin-dependent transmigration into the alveolar space was impaired. Finally, signal transduction analysis showed that, in CF monocytes, chemoattractant-triggered activation of RhoA and CDC42 Rho small GTPases (controlling integrin activation and chemotaxis, respectively) was strongly deficient. CONCLUSIONS Altogether, these data highlight the critical regulatory role of CFTR in integrin activation by chemoattractants in monocytes and identify CF as a new, cell type-selective leukocyte adhesion deficiency disease, providing new insights into CF pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudio Sorio
- 1 Division of General Pathology, Department of Medicine, and.,2 Cystic Fibrosis Translational Research Laboratory "Daniele Lissandrini," Department of Medicine, University of Verona School of Medicine, Verona, Italy
| | | | - Matteo Bolomini-Vittori
- 1 Division of General Pathology, Department of Medicine, and.,2 Cystic Fibrosis Translational Research Laboratory "Daniele Lissandrini," Department of Medicine, University of Verona School of Medicine, Verona, Italy.,3 Department of Tumor Immunology (278), Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Sara Caldrer
- 1 Division of General Pathology, Department of Medicine, and.,2 Cystic Fibrosis Translational Research Laboratory "Daniele Lissandrini," Department of Medicine, University of Verona School of Medicine, Verona, Italy
| | - Barbara Rossi
- 1 Division of General Pathology, Department of Medicine, and
| | - Silvia Dusi
- 1 Division of General Pathology, Department of Medicine, and
| | - Stefano Angiari
- 1 Division of General Pathology, Department of Medicine, and
| | - Jan E Johansson
- 1 Division of General Pathology, Department of Medicine, and.,2 Cystic Fibrosis Translational Research Laboratory "Daniele Lissandrini," Department of Medicine, University of Verona School of Medicine, Verona, Italy
| | - Marzia Vezzalini
- 1 Division of General Pathology, Department of Medicine, and.,2 Cystic Fibrosis Translational Research Laboratory "Daniele Lissandrini," Department of Medicine, University of Verona School of Medicine, Verona, Italy
| | - Teresinha Leal
- 4 Faculté de Pharmacie et des Sciences Biomédicales, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; and
| | - Elisa Calcaterra
- 1 Division of General Pathology, Department of Medicine, and.,2 Cystic Fibrosis Translational Research Laboratory "Daniele Lissandrini," Department of Medicine, University of Verona School of Medicine, Verona, Italy
| | - Baroukh M Assael
- 5 Centro Fibrosi Cistica, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata di Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Paola Melotti
- 5 Centro Fibrosi Cistica, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata di Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Carlo Laudanna
- 1 Division of General Pathology, Department of Medicine, and
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77
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Nitzsche F, Müller C, Lukomska B, Jolkkonen J, Deten A, Boltze J. Concise Review: MSC Adhesion Cascade-Insights into Homing and Transendothelial Migration. Stem Cells 2017; 35:1446-1460. [DOI: 10.1002/stem.2614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 207] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2017] [Revised: 02/13/2017] [Accepted: 02/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Franziska Nitzsche
- Department of Ischemia Research; Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology; Leipzig Germany
- Department of Radiology, McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine; University of Pittsburgh; Pittsburgh Pennsylvania USA
| | - Claudia Müller
- Department of Ischemia Research; Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology; Leipzig Germany
| | - Barbara Lukomska
- NeuroRepair Department; Mossakowski Medical Research Centre; Warsaw Poland
| | - Jukka Jolkkonen
- Department of Neurology; Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Eastern; Kuopio Finland
| | - Alexander Deten
- Translational Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Leipzig University; Leipzig Germany
| | - Johannes Boltze
- Department of Ischemia Research; Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology; Leipzig Germany
- Translational Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Leipzig University; Leipzig Germany
- Department of Translational Medicine and Cell Technology; Fraunhofer Research Institution for Marine Biotechnology and Institute for Medical and Marine Biotechnology, University of Lübeck; Lübeck Germany
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78
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Boras M, Volmering S, Bokemeyer A, Rossaint J, Block H, Bardel B, Van Marck V, Heitplatz B, Kliche S, Reinhold A, Lowell C, Zarbock A. Skap2 is required for β 2 integrin-mediated neutrophil recruitment and functions. J Exp Med 2017; 214:851-874. [PMID: 28183734 PMCID: PMC5339670 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20160647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2016] [Revised: 11/03/2016] [Accepted: 12/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Integrin activation is required for neutrophil functions. Impaired integrin activation on neutrophils is the hallmark of leukocyte adhesion deficiency (LAD) syndrome in humans, characterized by impaired leukocyte recruitment and recurrent infections. The Src kinase-associated phosphoprotein 2 (Skap2) is involved in integrin functions in different leukocyte subtypes. However, the role of Skap2 in β2 integrin activation and neutrophil recruitment is unknown. In this study, we demonstrate the crucial role of Skap2 in regulating actin polymerization and binding of talin-1 and kindlin-3 to the β2 integrin cytoplasmic domain, thereby being indispensable for β2 integrin activation and neutrophil recruitment. The direct interaction of Skap2 with the Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome protein via its SH3 domain is critical for integrin activation and neutrophil recruitment in vivo. Furthermore, Skap2 regulates integrin-mediated outside-in signaling events and neutrophil functions. Thus, Skap2 is essential to activate the β2 integrins, and loss of Skap2 function is sufficient to cause a LAD-like phenotype in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Boras
- Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care, and Pain Medicine, University of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Stephanie Volmering
- Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care, and Pain Medicine, University of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Arne Bokemeyer
- Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care, and Pain Medicine, University of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Jan Rossaint
- Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care, and Pain Medicine, University of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Helena Block
- Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care, and Pain Medicine, University of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Bernadette Bardel
- Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care, and Pain Medicine, University of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Veerle Van Marck
- Gerhard-Domagk-Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Münster, University of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Barbara Heitplatz
- Gerhard-Domagk-Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Münster, University of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Stefanie Kliche
- Institute of Molecular and Clinical Immunology, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Annegret Reinhold
- Institute of Molecular and Clinical Immunology, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Clifford Lowell
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143
- The Program in Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143
| | - Alexander Zarbock
- Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care, and Pain Medicine, University of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
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79
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Leitner M, Poturnayova A, Lamprecht C, Weich S, Snejdarkova M, Karpisova I, Hianik T, Ebner A. Characterization of the specific interaction between the DNA aptamer sgc8c and protein tyrosine kinase-7 receptors at the surface of T-cells by biosensing AFM. Anal Bioanal Chem 2017; 409:2767-2776. [PMID: 28229174 PMCID: PMC5366180 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-017-0238-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2016] [Revised: 01/18/2017] [Accepted: 01/31/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
We studied the interaction of the specific DNA aptamer sgc8c immobilized at the AFM tip with its corresponding receptor, the protein tyrosine kinase-7 (PTK7) embedded in the membrane of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) cells (Jurkat T-cells). Performing single molecule force spectroscopy (SMFS) experiments, we showed that the aptamer sgc8c bound with high probability (38.3 ± 7.48%) and high specificity to PTK7, as demonstrated by receptor blocking experiments and through comparison with the binding behavior of a nonspecific aptamer. The determined kinetic off-rate (koff = 5.16 s−1) indicates low dissociation of the sgc8c–PTK7 complex. In addition to the pulling force experiments, simultaneous topography and recognition imaging (TREC) experiments using AFM tips functionalized with sgc8c aptamers were realized on the outer regions surface of surface-immobilized Jurkat cells for the first time. This allowed determination of the distribution of PTK7 without any labeling and at near physiological conditions. As a result, we could show a homogeneous distribution of PTK7 molecules on the outer regions of ALL cells with a surface density of 325 ± 12 PTK7 receptors (or small receptor clusters) per μm2. The specific interaction of the DNA aptamer sgc8c and protein tyrosine kinase-7 (PTK7) on acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) cells was characterized. AFM based single molecule force spectroscopy (SMFS) yielded a kinetic off-rate of 5.16 s−1 of the complex. Simultaneous topography and recognition imaging (TREC) revealed a PTK7 density of 325 ± 12 molecules or clusters per μm2 in the cell membrane ![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Leitner
- Institute of Biophysics, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Gruberstrasse 40, 4020, Linz, Austria
| | - Alexandra Poturnayova
- Faculty of Mathematics, Physics, and Informatics, Comenius University, Mlynska dolina F1, 842 48, Bratislava, Slovakia.,Institute of Biochemistry and Animal Genetics, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Moyzesova 61, 900 28, Ivanka pri Dunaji, Slovakia
| | - Constanze Lamprecht
- Institute of Biophysics, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Gruberstrasse 40, 4020, Linz, Austria
| | - Sabine Weich
- Institute of Biophysics, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Gruberstrasse 40, 4020, Linz, Austria
| | - Maja Snejdarkova
- Institute of Biochemistry and Animal Genetics, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Moyzesova 61, 900 28, Ivanka pri Dunaji, Slovakia
| | - Ivana Karpisova
- Faculty of Mathematics, Physics, and Informatics, Comenius University, Mlynska dolina F1, 842 48, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Tibor Hianik
- Faculty of Mathematics, Physics, and Informatics, Comenius University, Mlynska dolina F1, 842 48, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Andreas Ebner
- Institute of Biophysics, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Gruberstrasse 40, 4020, Linz, Austria.
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80
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Zenobia C, Hajishengallis G. Basic biology and role of interleukin-17 in immunity and inflammation. Periodontol 2000 2017; 69:142-59. [PMID: 26252407 DOI: 10.1111/prd.12083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 250] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/10/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Interleukin-17 (also known as interleukin-17A) is a key cytokine that links T-cell activation to neutrophil mobilization and activation. As such, interleukin-17 can mediate protective innate immunity to pathogens or contribute to the pathogenesis of inflammatory diseases, such as psoriasis and rheumatoid arthritis. This review summarizes the basic biology of interleukin-17 and discusses its emerging role in periodontal disease. The current burden of evidence from human and animal model studies suggests that the net effect of interleukin-17 signaling promotes disease development. In addition to promoting neutrophilic inflammation, interleukin-17 has potent pro-osteoclastogenic effects that are likely to contribute to the pathogenesis of periodontitis, rheumatoid arthritis and other diseases involving bone immunopathology. Systemic treatments with anti-interleukin-17 biologics have shown promising results in clinical trials for psoriasis and rheumatoid arthritis; however, their impact on the highly prevalent periodontal disease has not been investigated or reported. Future clinical trials, preferably using locally administered interleukin-17 blockers, are required to implicate conclusivelyinterleukin-17 in periodontitis and, more importantly, to establish an effective adjunctive treatment for this oral inflammatory disease.
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Chimen M, Apta BHR, Mcgettrick HM. Introduction: T Cell Trafficking in Inflammation and Immunity. Methods Mol Biol 2017; 1591:73-84. [PMID: 28349476 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-6931-9_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
T cell migration across vascular endothelium is essential for T cell responses, as through the expression of specific tissue-homing receptors, these cells then access peripheral tissues, with the goal of eliminating invading pathogens and/or tumor cells. However, aberrant trafficking of T cells to peripheral tissues contributes to the development of most chronic inflammatory diseases. Very little is known about the mechanisms by which T cell trafficking is regulated during inflammation, and it is thus difficult to target this aspect of pathology for the development of new therapies. It is therefore important to understand the pathways involved in regulating the recruitment of immune cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myriam Chimen
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Bonita H R Apta
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Vincent Drive, Edgbaston, Birmingham, West Midlands, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Helen M Mcgettrick
- Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK.
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82
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Kazzaz NM, Sule G, Knight JS. Intercellular Interactions as Regulators of NETosis. Front Immunol 2016; 7:453. [PMID: 27895638 PMCID: PMC5107827 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2016.00453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2016] [Accepted: 10/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) are chromatin-derived webs extruded from neutrophils in response to either infection or sterile stimulation with chemicals, cytokines, or microbial products. The vast majority of studies have characterized NET release (also called NETosis) in pure neutrophil cultures in vitro. The situation is surely more complex in vivo as neutrophils constantly sample not only pathogens and soluble mediators but also signals from cellular partners, including platelets and endothelial cells. This complexity is beginning to be explored by studies utilizing in vitro co-culture, as well as animal models of sepsis, infective endocarditis, lung injury, and thrombosis. Indeed, various selectins, integrins, and surface glycoproteins have been implicated in platelet–neutrophil interactions that promote NETosis, albeit with disparate results across studies. NETosis can also clearly be regulated by soluble mediators derived from platelets, such as eicosanoids, chemokines, and alarmins. Beyond platelets, the role of the endothelium in modulating NETosis is being increasingly revealed, with adhesive interactions likely priming neutrophils toward NETosis. The fact that the same selectins and surface glycoproteins may be expressed by both platelets and endothelial cells complicates the interpretation of in vivo data. In summary, we suggest in this review that the engagement of neutrophils with activated cellular partners provides an important in vivo signal or “hit” toward NETosis. Studies should, therefore, increasingly consider the triumvirate of neutrophils, platelets, and the endothelium when exploring NETosis, especially in disease states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nayef M Kazzaz
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, University of Michigan , Ann Arbor, MI , USA
| | - Gautam Sule
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, University of Michigan , Ann Arbor, MI , USA
| | - Jason S Knight
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, University of Michigan , Ann Arbor, MI , USA
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83
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Ditamo Y, Rupil LL, Sendra VG, Nores GA, Roth GA, Irazoqui FJ. In vivo immunomodulatory effect of the lectin from edible mushroom Agaricus bisporus. Food Funct 2016; 7:262-9. [PMID: 26399519 DOI: 10.1039/c5fo00360a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Lectins are glycan-binding proteins that are resistant to digestion in the gastrointestinal tract and enter intact to blood circulation. The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of edible mushroom Agaricus bisporus lectin (ABL) on innate and adaptive immune responses as well as its effect in two different experimental pathologies that involve the immune system. ABL inhibited in vitro nitric oxide (NO) production by mouse peritoneal macrophages in response to the pro-inflammatory stimuli lipopolysaccharides (LPS). However, it did not modify the activity of arginase, showing that while ABL downregulates M1 activation, it does not affect M2 activation. ABL also inhibited mononuclear cell proliferation in response to mitogen Con A, or in a mixed lymphocyte reaction. During the in vivo studies, oral administration of ABL to BALB/c mice induced a marked inhibition of NO production by peritoneal macrophages after LPS stimuli. The influence of ABL on tumor growth was studied in BALB/c mice receiving daily oral doses of ABL and implanted with CT26 tumor cells. ABL treatment induced significantly higher rate of tumor growth when compared with control mice. On the other hand, oral ABL administration in Wistar rats induced a marked diminution of the incidence of the disease and the severity of the clinical signs of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. We can conclude that ABL has an in vivo immunomodulatory effect reducing the innate and adaptive responses. This food lectin shows potential therapeutic application on control of inflammatory autoimmune pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanina Ditamo
- Centro de Investigaciones en Química Biológica de Córdoba (CIQUIBIC, UNC-CONICET), Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Argentina.
| | - Lucia L Rupil
- Centro de Investigaciones en Química Biológica de Córdoba (CIQUIBIC, UNC-CONICET), Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Argentina.
| | - Victor G Sendra
- Centro de Investigaciones en Química Biológica de Córdoba (CIQUIBIC, UNC-CONICET), Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Argentina.
| | - Gustavo A Nores
- Centro de Investigaciones en Química Biológica de Córdoba (CIQUIBIC, UNC-CONICET), Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Argentina.
| | - German A Roth
- Centro de Investigaciones en Química Biológica de Córdoba (CIQUIBIC, UNC-CONICET), Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Argentina.
| | - Fernando J Irazoqui
- Centro de Investigaciones en Química Biológica de Córdoba (CIQUIBIC, UNC-CONICET), Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Argentina.
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84
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Szabo R, Skropeta D. Advancement of Sialyltransferase Inhibitors: Therapeutic Challenges and Opportunities. Med Res Rev 2016; 37:219-270. [DOI: 10.1002/med.21407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2016] [Revised: 07/14/2016] [Accepted: 08/03/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Rémi Szabo
- School of Chemistry; University of Wollongong; Wollongong NSW 2522 Australia
| | - Danielle Skropeta
- School of Chemistry; University of Wollongong; Wollongong NSW 2522 Australia
- Centre for Medical & Molecular Bioscience; University of Wollongong; Wollongong NSW 2522 Australia
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85
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Sándor N, Lukácsi S, Ungai-Salánki R, Orgován N, Szabó B, Horváth R, Erdei A, Bajtay Z. CD11c/CD18 Dominates Adhesion of Human Monocytes, Macrophages and Dendritic Cells over CD11b/CD18. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0163120. [PMID: 27658051 PMCID: PMC5033469 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0163120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2016] [Accepted: 09/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Complement receptors CR3 (CD11b/CD18) and CR4 (CD11c/CD18) belong to the family of beta2 integrins and are expressed mainly by myeloid cell types in humans. Previously, we proved that CR3 rather than CR4 plays a key role in phagocytosis. Here we analysed how CD11b and CD11c participate in cell adhesion to fibrinogen, a common ligand of CR3 and CR4, employing human monocytes, monocyte-derived macrophages (MDMs) and monocyte-derived dendritic cells (MDDCs) highly expressing CD11b as well as CD11c. We determined the exact numbers of CD11b and CD11c on these cell types by a bead-based technique, and found that the ratio of CD11b/CD11c is 1.2 for MDDCs, 1.7 for MDMs and 7.1 for monocytes, suggesting that the function of CD11c is preponderant in MDDCs and less pronounced in monocytes. Applying state-of-the-art biophysical techniques, we proved that cellular adherence to fibrinogen is dominated by CD11c. Furthermore, we found that blocking CD11b significantly enhances the attachment of MDDCs and MDMs to fibrinogen, demonstrating a competition between CD11b and CD11c for this ligand. On the basis of the cell surface receptor numbers and the measured adhesion strength we set up a model, which explains the different behavior of the three cell types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noémi Sándor
- MTA-ELTE Immunology Research Group, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Szilvia Lukácsi
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Biology, Faculty of Science, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Rita Ungai-Salánki
- Department of Biological Physics, Institute of Physics, Faculty of Science, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Norbert Orgován
- Nanobiosensorics “Lendület” Group, Institute of Technical Physics and Material Sciences, Centre for Energy Research, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Bálint Szabó
- Department of Biological Physics, Institute of Physics, Faculty of Science, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Róbert Horváth
- Nanobiosensorics “Lendület” Group, Institute of Technical Physics and Material Sciences, Centre for Energy Research, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Anna Erdei
- MTA-ELTE Immunology Research Group, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Biology, Faculty of Science, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zsuzsa Bajtay
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Biology, Faculty of Science, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
- * E-mail:
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86
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Metronomic cyclophosphamide activation of anti-tumor immunity: tumor model, mouse host, and drug schedule dependence of gene responses and their upstream regulators. BMC Cancer 2016; 16:623. [PMID: 27515027 PMCID: PMC4982114 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-016-2597-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2016] [Accepted: 07/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cyclophosphamide (CPA) can activate immunogenic tumor cell death, which induces immune-based tumor ablation and long-term anti-tumor immunity in a syngeneic C57BL/6 (B6) mouse GL261 glioma model when CPA is given on a 6-day repeating metronomic schedule (CPA/6d). In contrast, we find that two other syngeneic B6 mouse tumors, LLC lung carcinoma and B16F10 melanoma, do not exhibit these drug-induced immune responses despite their intrinsic sensitivity to CPA cytotoxicity. Methods To elucidate underlying mechanisms, we investigated gene expression and molecular pathway changes associated with the disparate immune responsiveness of these tumors to CPA/6d treatment. Results Global transcriptome analysis indicated substantial elevation of basal GL261 immune infiltration and strong CPA/6d activation of GL261 immune stimulatory pathways and their upstream regulators, but without preferential depletion of negative immune regulators compared to LLC and B16F10 tumors. In LLC tumors, where CPA/6d treatment is shown to be anti-angiogenic, CPA/6d suppressed VEGFA target genes and down regulated cell adhesion and leukocyte transendothelial migration genes. In GL261 tumors implanted in adaptive immune-deficient scid mice, where CPA/6d-induced GL261 regression is incomplete and late tumor growth rebound can occur, T cell receptor signaling and certain cytokine-cytokine receptor responses seen in B6 mice were deficient. Extending the CPA treatment interval from 6 to 9 days (CPA/9d) − which results in a strong but transient natural killer cell response followed by early tumor growth rebound − induced fewer cytokines and increased expression of drug metabolism genes. Conclusions These findings elucidate molecular response pathways activated by intermittent metronomic CPA treatment and identify deficiencies that characterize immune-unresponsive tumor models and drug schedules. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12885-016-2597-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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87
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Crookenden M, Heiser A, Murray A, Dukkipati V, Kay J, Loor J, Meier S, Mitchell M, Moyes K, Walker C, Roche J. Parturition in dairy cows temporarily alters the expression of genes in circulating neutrophils. J Dairy Sci 2016; 99:6470-6483. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2015-10877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2016] [Accepted: 04/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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88
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Pruenster M, Vogl T, Roth J, Sperandio M. S100A8/A9: From basic science to clinical application. Pharmacol Ther 2016; 167:120-131. [PMID: 27492899 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2016.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 228] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2016] [Accepted: 07/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Neutrophils and monocytes belong to the first line of immune defence cells and are recruited to sites of inflammation during infection or sterile injury. Both cells contain huge amounts of the heterodimeric protein S100A8/A9 in their cytoplasm. S100A8/A9 belongs to the Ca2+ binding S100 protein family and has recently gained a lot of interest as a critical alarmin modulating the inflammatory response after its release (extracellular S100A8/A9) from neutrophils and monocytes. Extracellular S100A8/A9 interacts with the pattern recognition receptors Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and Receptor for Advanced Glycation Endproducts (RAGE) promoting cell activation and recruitment. Besides its biological function, S100A8/A9 (also known as myeloid related protein 8/14, MRP8/14) was identified as interesting biomarker to monitor disease activity in chronic inflammatory disorders including inflammatory bowel disease and rheumatoid arthritis. Furthermore, S100A8/A9 has been tested successfully in pre-clinical imaging studies to localize sites of infection or sterile injury. Finally, recent evidence using small molecule inhibitors for S100A8/A9 also suggests that blocking S100A8/A9 activity exerts beneficial effects on disease activity in animal models of autoimmune diseases including multiple sclerosis, systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis and inflammatory bowel disease. This review will provide a comprehensive and detailed overview into the structure and biological function of S100A8/A9 and also will give an outlook in terms of diagnostic and therapeutic applications targeting S100A8/A9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Pruenster
- Walter Brendel Center of Experimental Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians Universität, Munich, Germany
| | - Thomas Vogl
- Institute of Immunology, University of Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Johannes Roth
- Institute of Immunology, University of Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Markus Sperandio
- Walter Brendel Center of Experimental Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians Universität, Munich, Germany.
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89
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Reinforcement of integrin-mediated T-Lymphocyte adhesion by TNF-induced Inside-out Signaling. Sci Rep 2016; 6:30452. [PMID: 27466027 PMCID: PMC4964354 DOI: 10.1038/srep30452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2015] [Accepted: 07/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Integrin-mediated leukocyte adhesion to endothelial cells is a crucial step in immunity against pathogens. Whereas the outside-in signaling pathway in response to the pro-inflammatory cytokine tumour necrosis factor (TNF) has already been studied in detail, little knowledge exists about a supposed TNF-mediated inside-out signaling pathway. In contrast to the outside-in signaling pathway, which relies on the TNF-induced upregulation of surface molecules on endothelium, inside-out signaling should also be present in an endothelium-free environment. Using single-cell force spectroscopy, we show here that stimulating Jurkat cells with TNF significantly reinforces their adhesion to fibronectin in a biomimetic in vitro assay for cell-surface contact times of about 1.5 seconds, whereas for larger contact times the effect disappears. Analysis of single-molecule ruptures further demonstrates that TNF strengthens sub-cellular single rupture events at short cell-surface contact times. Hence, our results provide quantitative evidence for the significant impact of TNF-induced inside-out signaling in the T-lymphocyte initial adhesion machinery.
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90
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Marki A, Gutierrez E, Mikulski Z, Groisman A, Ley K. Microfluidics-based side view flow chamber reveals tether-to-sling transition in rolling neutrophils. Sci Rep 2016; 6:28870. [PMID: 27357741 PMCID: PMC4928115 DOI: 10.1038/srep28870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2016] [Accepted: 06/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Neutrophils rolling at high shear stress (above 6 dyn/cm2) form tethers in the rear and slings in the front. Here, we developed a novel photo-lithographically fabricated, silicone(PDMS)-based side-view flow chamber to dynamically visualize tether and sling formation. Fluorescently membrane-labeled mouse neutrophils rolled on P-selectin substrate at 10 dyn/cm2. Most rolling cells formed 5 tethers that were 2–30 μm long. Breaking of a single tether caused a reproducible forward microjump of the cell, showing that the tether was load-bearing. About 15% of all tether-breaking events resulted in slings. The tether-to-sling transition was fast (<100 ms) with no visible material extending above the rolling cell, suggesting a very low bending modulus of the tether. The sling downstream of the rolling cell aligned according to the streamlines before landing on the flow chamber. These new observations explain how slings form from tethers and provide insight into their biomechanical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Marki
- La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Edgar Gutierrez
- Department of Physics and University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | | | - Alex Groisman
- Department of Physics and University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Klaus Ley
- La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA.,Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
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91
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Cristina de Oliveira-Lima K, Farsky SHP, Lopes PH, de Andrade RMG, van den Berg CW, Tambourgi DV. Microcirculation abnormalities provoked by Loxosceles spiders' envenomation. Toxicon 2016; 116:35-42. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2015.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2015] [Revised: 06/17/2015] [Accepted: 08/04/2015] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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92
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Helmke A, von Vietinghoff S. Extracellular vesicles as mediators of vascular inflammation in kidney disease. World J Nephrol 2016; 5:125-38. [PMID: 26981436 PMCID: PMC4777783 DOI: 10.5527/wjn.v5.i2.125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2015] [Revised: 12/18/2015] [Accepted: 01/08/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Vascular inflammation is a common cause of renal impairment and a major cause of morbidity and mortality of patients with kidney disease. Current studies consistently show an increase of extracellular vesicles (EVs) in acute vasculitis and in patients with atherosclerosis. Recent research has elucidated mechanisms that mediate vascular wall leukocyte accumulation and differentiation. This review addresses the role of EVs in this process. Part one of this review addresses functional roles of EVs in renal vasculitis. Most published data address anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA) associated vasculitis and indicate that the number of EVs, mostly of platelet origin, is increased in active disease. EVs generated from neutrophils by activation by ANCA can contribute to vessel damage. While EVs are also elevated in other types of autoimmune vasculitis with renal involvement such as systemic lupus erythematodes, functional consequences beyond intravascular thrombosis remain to be established. In typical hemolytic uremic syndrome secondary to infection with shiga toxin producing Escherichia coli, EV numbers are elevated and contribute to toxin distribution into the vascular wall. Part two addresses mechanisms how EVs modulate vascular inflammation in atherosclerosis, a process that is aggravated in uremia. Elevated numbers of circulating endothelial EVs were associated with atherosclerotic complications in a number of studies in patients with and without kidney disease. Uremic endothelial EVs are defective in induction of vascular relaxation. Neutrophil adhesion and transmigration and intravascular thrombus formation are critically modulated by EVs, a process that is amenable to therapeutic interventions. EVs can enhance monocyte adhesion to the endothelium and modulate macrophage differentiation and cytokine production with major influence on the local inflammatory milieu in the plaque. They significantly influence lipid phagocytosis and antigen presentation by mononuclear phagocytes. Finally, platelet, erythrocyte and monocyte EVs cooperate in shaping adaptive T cell immunity. Future research is needed to define changes in uremic EVs and their differential effects on inflammatory leukocytes in the vessel wall.
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93
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Fromen CA, Fish MB, Zimmerman A, Adili R, Holinstat M, Eniola-Adefeso O. Evaluation of Receptor-Ligand Mechanisms of Dual-Targeted Particles to an Inflamed Endothelium. Bioeng Transl Med 2016; 1:103-115. [PMID: 28066821 PMCID: PMC5217161 DOI: 10.1002/btm2.10008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2016] [Revised: 04/25/2016] [Accepted: 04/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular-targeted carriers (VTCs) are designed as leukocyte mimics, decorated with ligands that target leukocyte adhesion molecules (LAMs) and facilitate adhesion to diseased endothelium. VTCs require different design considerations than other targeted particle therapies; adhesion of VTCs in regions with dynamic blood flow requires multiple ligand-receptor (LR) pairs that provide particle adhesion and disease specificity. Despite the ultimate goal of leukocyte mimicry, the specificity of multiple LAM-targeted VTCs remains poorly understood, especially in physiological environments. Here, we investigate particle binding to an inflamed mesentery via intravital microscopy using a series of particles with well-controlled ligand properties. We find that the total number of sites of a single ligand can drive particle adhesion to the endothelium, however, combining ligands that target multiple LR pairs provides a more effective approach. Combining sites of sialyl Lewis A (sLeA) and anti-intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (aICAM), two adhesive molecules, resulted in ~3-7-fold increase of adherent particles at the endothelium over single-ligand particles. At a constant total ligand density, a particle with a ratio of 75% sLeA: 25% aICAM resulted in more than 3-fold increase over all over other ligand ratios tested in our in vivo model. Combined with in vitro and in silico data, we find the best dual-ligand design of a particle is heavily dependent on the surface expression of the endothelial cells, producing better adhesion with more particle ligand for the lesser-expressed receptor. These results establish the importance of considering LR-kinetics in intelligent VTC ligand design for future therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine A Fromen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Margaret B Fish
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Anthony Zimmerman
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Reheman Adili
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Michael Holinstat
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109; Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Samuel and Jean Frankel Cardiovascular Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
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94
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Immune and regulatory functions of neutrophils in inflammatory bone loss. Semin Immunol 2016; 28:146-58. [PMID: 26936034 DOI: 10.1016/j.smim.2016.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2015] [Revised: 02/06/2016] [Accepted: 02/14/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Although historically viewed as merely anti-microbial effectors in acute infection or injury, neutrophils are now appreciated to be functionally versatile with critical roles also in chronic inflammation. Periodontitis, a chronic inflammatory disease that destroys the tooth-supporting gums and bone, is particularly affected by alterations in neutrophil numbers or function, as revealed by observations in monogenic disorders and relevant mouse models. Besides being a significant debilitating disease and health burden in its own right, periodontitis is thus an attractive model to dissect uncharted neutrophil-associated (patho)physiological pathways. Here, we summarize recent evidence that neutrophils can contribute to inflammatory bone loss not only through the typical bystander injury dogma but intriguingly also through their absence from the affected tissue, where they normally perform important immunomodulatory functions. Moreover, we discuss recent advances in the interactions of neutrophils with the vascular endothelium and - upon extravasation - with bacteria, and how the dysregulation of these interactions leads to inflammatory tissue damage. Overall, neutrophils have both protective and destructive roles in periodontitis, as they are involved in both the maintenance of periodontal tissue homeostasis and the induction of inflammatory bone loss. This highlights the importance of developing approaches that promote or sustain a fine balance between homeostatic immunity and inflammatory pathology.
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95
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Leist SR, Pilzner C, van den Brand JMA, Dengler L, Geffers R, Kuiken T, Balling R, Kollmus H, Schughart K. Influenza H3N2 infection of the collaborative cross founder strains reveals highly divergent host responses and identifies a unique phenotype in CAST/EiJ mice. BMC Genomics 2016; 17:143. [PMID: 26921172 PMCID: PMC4769537 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-016-2483-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2015] [Accepted: 02/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Influenza A virus is a zoonotic pathogen that poses a major threat to human and animal health. The severe course of influenza infection is not only influenced by viral virulence factors but also by individual differences in the host response. To determine the extent to which the genetic background can modulate severity of an infection, we studied the host responses to influenza infections in the eight genetically highly diverse Collaborative Cross (CC) founder mouse strains. RESULTS We observed highly divergent host responses between the CC founder strains with respect to survival, body weight loss, hematological parameters in the blood, relative lung weight and viral load. Mouse strain was the main factor with highest effect size on body weight loss after infection, demonstrating that this phenotype was highly heritable. Sex represented another significant main effect, although it was less strong. Analysis of survival rates and mean time to death suggested three groups of susceptibility phenotypes: highly susceptible (A/J, CAST/EiJ, WSB/EiJ), intermediate susceptible (C57BL/6J, 129S1/SvImJ, NOD/ShiLtJ) and highly resistant strains (NZO/HlLtJ, PWK/PhJ). These three susceptibility groups were significantly different with respect to death/survival counts. Viral load was significantly different between susceptible and resistant strains but not between intermediate and highly susceptible strains. CAST/EiJ mice showed a unique phenotype. Despite high viral loads in their lungs, CAST/EiJ mice exhibited low counts of infiltrating granulocytes and showed increased numbers of macrophages in the lung. Histological studies of infected lungs and transcriptome analyses of peripheral blood cells and lungs confirmed an abnormal response in the leukocyte recruitment in CAST/EiJ mice. CONCLUSIONS The eight CC founder strains exhibited a large diversity in their response to influenza infections. Therefore, the CC will represent an ideal mouse genetic reference population to study the influence of genetic variation on the susceptibility and resistance to influenza infections which will be important to understand individual variations of disease severity in humans. The unique phenotype combination in the CAST/EiJ strain resembles human leukocyte adhesion deficiency and may thus represent a new mouse model to understand this and related abnormal immune responses to infections in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah R Leist
- Department of Infection Genetics, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig and University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Inhoffenstr.7, D-38124, Braunschweig, Hannover, Germany
| | - Carolin Pilzner
- Department of Infection Genetics, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig and University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Inhoffenstr.7, D-38124, Braunschweig, Hannover, Germany
| | | | - Leonie Dengler
- Department of Infection Genetics, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig and University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Inhoffenstr.7, D-38124, Braunschweig, Hannover, Germany
| | - Robert Geffers
- Genome Analytics, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Thijs Kuiken
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Rudi Balling
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Heike Kollmus
- Department of Infection Genetics, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig and University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Inhoffenstr.7, D-38124, Braunschweig, Hannover, Germany
| | - Klaus Schughart
- Department of Infection Genetics, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig and University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Inhoffenstr.7, D-38124, Braunschweig, Hannover, Germany. .,University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA.
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96
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In Vitro Neutrophil Migration Requires Protein Kinase C-Delta (δ-PKC)-Mediated Myristoylated Alanine-Rich C-Kinase Substrate (MARCKS) Phosphorylation. Inflammation 2016; 38:1126-41. [PMID: 25515270 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-014-0078-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Dysregulated release of neutrophil reactive oxygen species and proteolytic enzymes contributes to both acute and chronic inflammatory diseases. Therefore, molecular regulators of these processes are potential targets for new anti-inflammatory therapies. We have shown previously that myristoylated alanine-rich C-kinase substrate (MARCKS), a well-known actin binding protein and protein kinase C (PKC) substrate, is a key regulator of neutrophil functions. In the current study, we investigate the role of PKC-mediated MARCKS phosphorylation in neutrophil migration and adhesion in vitro. We report that treatment of human neutrophils with the δ-PKC inhibitor rottlerin significantly attenuates f-Met-Leu-Phe (fMLF)-induced MARCKS phosphorylation (IC50=5.709 μM), adhesion (IC50=8.4 μM), and migration (IC50=6.7 μM), while α-, β-, and ζ-PKC inhibitors had no significant effect. We conclude that δ-PKC-mediated MARCKS phosphorylation is essential for human neutrophil migration and adhesion in vitro. These results implicate δ-PKC-mediated MARCKS phosphorylation as a key step in the inflammatory response of neutrophils.
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97
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Nanoscale Imaging Reveals a Tetraspanin-CD9 Coordinated Elevation of Endothelial ICAM-1 Clusters. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0146598. [PMID: 26731655 PMCID: PMC4701507 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0146598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2015] [Accepted: 12/18/2015] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Endothelial barriers have a central role in inflammation as they allow or deny the passage of leukocytes from the vasculature into the tissue. To bind leukocytes, endothelial cells form adhesive clusters containing tetraspanins and ICAM-1, so-called endothelial adhesive platforms (EAPs). Upon leukocyte binding, EAPs evolve into docking structures that emanate from the endothelial surface while engulfing the leukocyte. Here, we show that TNF-α is sufficient to induce apical protrusions in the absence of leukocytes. Using advanced quantitation of atomic force microscopy (AFM) recordings, we found these structures to protrude by 160 ± 80 nm above endothelial surface level. Confocal immunofluorescence microscopy proved them positive for ICAM-1, JAM-A, tetraspanin CD9 and f-actin. Microvilli formation was inhibited in the absence of CD9. Our findings indicate that stimulation with TNF-α induces nanoscale changes in endothelial surface architecture and that—via a tetraspanin CD9 depending mechanism—the EAPs rise above the surface to facilitate leukocyte capture.
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98
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Henríquez C, Riquelme TT, Vera D, Julio-Kalajzić F, Ehrenfeld P, Melvin JE, Figueroa CD, Sarmiento J, Flores CA. The calcium-activated potassium channel KCa3.1 plays a central role in the chemotactic response of mammalian neutrophils. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2016; 216:132-45. [PMID: 26138196 DOI: 10.1111/apha.12548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2015] [Revised: 02/13/2015] [Accepted: 06/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
AIM Neutrophils are the first cells to arrive at sites of injury. Nevertheless, many inflammatory diseases are characterized by an uncontrolled infiltration and action of these cells. Cell migration depends on volume changes that are governed by ion channel activity, but potassium channels in neutrophil have not been clearly identified. We aim to test whether KCa3.1 participates in neutrophil migration and other relevant functions of the cell. METHODS Cytometer and confocal measurements to determine changes in cell volume were used. Cells isolated from human, mouse and horse were tested for KCa3.1-dependent chemotaxis. Chemokinetics, calcium handling and release of reactive oxygen species were measured to determine the role of KCa3.1 in those processes. A mouse model was used to test for neutrophil recruitment after acute lung injury in vivo. RESULTS We show for the first time that KCa3.1 is expressed in mammalian neutrophils. When the channel is inhibited by a pharmacological blocker or by genetic silencing, it profoundly affects cell volume regulation, and chemotactic and chemokinetic properties of the cells. We also demonstrated that pharmacological inhibition of KCa3.1 did not affect calcium entry or reactive oxygen species production in neutrophils. Using a mouse model of acute lung injury, we observed that Kca3.1(-/-) mice are significantly less effective at recruiting neutrophils into the site of inflammation. CONCLUSIONS These results demonstrate that KCa3.1 channels are key actors in the migration capacity of neutrophils, and its inhibition did not affect other relevant cellular functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- C. Henríquez
- Instituto de Farmacología; Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria; Universidad Austral de Chile; Valdivia Chile
| | | | - D. Vera
- Centro de Estudios Científicos (CECs); Valdivia Chile
| | - F. Julio-Kalajzić
- Centro de Estudios Científicos (CECs); Valdivia Chile
- Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso; Valparaíso Chile
| | - P. Ehrenfeld
- Institutos de Anatomía; Histología y Patología; Universidad Austral de Chile; Valdivia Chile
| | - J. E. Melvin
- Secretory Mechanisms and Dysfunction Section; National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research; National Institutes of Health; Bethesda MD USA
| | - C. D. Figueroa
- Institutos de Anatomía; Histología y Patología; Universidad Austral de Chile; Valdivia Chile
| | - J. Sarmiento
- Instituto de Fisiología; Facultad de Medicina; Universidad Austral de Chile; Valdivia Chile
| | - C. A. Flores
- Centro de Estudios Científicos (CECs); Valdivia Chile
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99
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Regulators and Effectors of Arf GTPases in Neutrophils. J Immunol Res 2015; 2015:235170. [PMID: 26609537 PMCID: PMC4644846 DOI: 10.1155/2015/235170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2015] [Accepted: 09/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs) are key innate immune cells that represent the first line of defence against infection. They are the first leukocytes to migrate from the blood to injured or infected sites. This process involves molecular mechanisms that coordinate cell polarization, delivery of receptors, and activation of integrins at the leading edge of migrating PMNs. These phagocytes actively engulf microorganisms or form neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) to trap and kill pathogens with bactericidal compounds. Association of the NADPH oxidase complex at the phagosomal membrane for production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and delivery of proteolytic enzymes into the phagosome initiate pathogen killing and removal. G protein-dependent signalling pathways tightly control PMN functions. In this review, we will focus on the small monomeric GTPases of the Arf family and their guanine exchange factors (GEFs) and GTPase activating proteins (GAPs) as components of signalling cascades regulating PMN responses. GEFs and GAPs are multidomain proteins that control cellular events in time and space through interaction with other proteins and lipids inside the cells. The number of Arf GAPs identified in PMNs is expanding, and dissecting their functions will provide important insights into the role of these proteins in PMN physiology.
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100
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Hyperbaric hyperoxia alters innate immune functional properties during NASA Extreme Environment Mission Operation (NEEMO). Brain Behav Immun 2015; 50:52-57. [PMID: 26116982 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2015.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2015] [Revised: 06/19/2015] [Accepted: 06/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Spaceflight is associated with immune dysregulation which is considered as risk factor for the performance of exploration-class missions. Among the consequences of confinement and other environmental factors of living in hostile environments, the role of different oxygen concentrations is of importance as either low (e.g. as considered for lunar or Martian habitats) or high (e.g. during extravehicular activities) can trigger immune dysfunction. The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of increased oxygen availability--generated through hyperbaricity--on innate immune functions in the course of a 14 days NEEMO mission. METHODS 6 male subjects were included into a 14 days undersea deployment at the Aquarius station (Key Largo, FL, USA). The underwater habitat is located at an operating depth of 47 ft. The 2.5 times higher atmospheric pressure in the habitat leads to hyperoxia. The collection of biological samples occurred 6 days before (L-6), at day 7 (MD7) and 11/13 (MD11/13) during the mission, and 90 days thereafter (R). Blood analyses included differential blood cell count, ex vivo innate immune activation status and inhibitory competences of granulocytes. RESULTS The absolute leukocyte count showed an increase during deployment as well as the granulocyte and monocyte count. Lymphocyte count was decreased on MD7. The assessments of native adhesion molecules on granulocytes (CD11b, CD62L) indicated a highly significant cellular activation (L-6 vs. MD7/MD13) during mission. In contrast, granulocytes were more sensitive towards anti-inflammatory stimuli (adenosine) on MD13. CONCLUSION Living in the NEEMO habitat for 14 days induced significant immune alterations as seen by an activation of adhesion molecules and vice versa higher sensitivity towards inhibition. This investigation under hyperbaric hyperoxia is important especially for Astronauts' immune competence during extravehicular activities when exposed to similar conditions.
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