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Role of arterial telomere dysfunction in hypertension: relative contributions of telomere shortening and telomere uncapping. J Hypertens 2015; 32:1293-9. [PMID: 24686009 DOI: 10.1097/hjh.0000000000000157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Telomere shortening in arteries could lead to telomere uncapping and cellular senescence, which in turn could promote the development of hypertension. METHODS AND RESULTS To assess the novel role of arterial telomere dysfunction in hypertension, we compared mean telomere length (qPCR), telomere uncapping (serine 139 phosphorylated histone γ-H2A.X (γ-H2) localized to telomeres: ChIP), and tumor suppressor protein p53 (P53)/cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1A (P21)-induced senescence (P53 bound to P21 gene promoter: ChIP) in arteries from 55 age-matched hypertensive and nonhypertensive individuals. Arterial mean telomere length was not different in hypertensive patients compared with nonhypertensive individuals (P = 0.29). Arterial telomere uncapping and P53/P21-induced senescence were two-fold greater in hypertensive patients compared with nonhypertensive individuals (P = 0.04 and P = 0.02, respectively). Arterial mean telomere length was not associated with telomere uncapping or P53/P21-induced senescence (r = -0.02, P = 0.44 and r = 0.01, P = 0.50, respectively), but telomere uncapping was a highly influential covariate for the hypertension group difference in P53/P21-induced senescence (r = 0.62, P < 0.001, η(p)(2) = 0.35). Finally, telomere uncapping was a significant predictor of hypertension status (P = 0.03), whereas mean telomere length was not (P = 0.68). CONCLUSION Collectively, these findings demonstrate that arterial telomere uncapping and P53/P21-induced senescence are linked to hypertension independently of mean telomere length, and telomere uncapping influences hypertension status more than mean telomere length.
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García-Calzón S, Martínez-González MA, Razquin C, Corella D, Salas-Salvadó J, Martínez JA, Zalba G, Marti A. Pro12Ala polymorphism of the PPARγ2 gene interacts with a mediterranean diet to prevent telomere shortening in the PREDIMED-NAVARRA randomized trial. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 8:91-9. [PMID: 25406242 DOI: 10.1161/circgenetics.114.000635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The gene variant Pro/Ala (rs1801282) in the PPARγ2 has been associated with lower cardiovascular risk and greater benefit from lifestyle interventions. This polymorphism also seems to be associated with longer lifespan, but no information on telomere length (TL) is available. Our aim was to study the association between the Ala allele and changes in TL in high cardiovascular risk subjects and the potential interaction with a Mediterranean dietary pattern. METHODS AND RESULTS A total of 521 subjects (55-80 years) participating in the Prevención con Dieta Mediterránea randomized trial were genotyped. Changes in TL, measured by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR), were assessed over 5 years of a nutritional intervention, which promoted adherence to the Mediterranean diet (MeDiet). Interestingly, Ala carriers showed lower telomere shortening after 5 years compared with the Pro/Pro genotype (P=0.031). This association was modulated by MeDiet because those Ala carriers who reported better conformity to the MeDiet exhibited increased TL (P<0.001). Moreover, a reduction in carbohydrate intake (≤9.5 g/d) resulted in increased TL among Ala carriers. Notably, an apparent gene-diet interaction was found through the observed changes in the MUFA+PUFA/carbohydrates ratio: as this ratio increased, TL lengthening was detected to a greater extent in the Ala carriers compared with the Pro/Pro subjects (P for interaction <0.001). CONCLUSIONS The Pro12Ala polymorphism is associated with TL homeostasis after 5 years follow-up in subjects at high cardiovascular risk. In addition, a higher adherence to the MeDiet pattern strengthens the prevention of telomere shortening among Ala carriers. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION www.controlled-trials.com; Unique Identifier: ISRCTN35739639.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia García-Calzón
- From the Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Physiology (S.G.-C., J.A.M., A.M.), Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health (M.A.M.-G., C.R.), Centre for Nutrition Research (J.A.M.), and Department of Biochemistry and Genetics (G.Z.), University of Navarra, Pamplona; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid (M.A.M.-G., D.C., J.S.-S., J.A.M., A.M.); Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Valencia (D.C.); and Human Nutrition Department, Hospital Universitari Sant Joan, Institut d'Investigació Sanitaria Pere Virgili Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain (J.S.-S.)
| | - Miguel A Martínez-González
- From the Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Physiology (S.G.-C., J.A.M., A.M.), Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health (M.A.M.-G., C.R.), Centre for Nutrition Research (J.A.M.), and Department of Biochemistry and Genetics (G.Z.), University of Navarra, Pamplona; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid (M.A.M.-G., D.C., J.S.-S., J.A.M., A.M.); Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Valencia (D.C.); and Human Nutrition Department, Hospital Universitari Sant Joan, Institut d'Investigació Sanitaria Pere Virgili Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain (J.S.-S.)
| | - Cristina Razquin
- From the Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Physiology (S.G.-C., J.A.M., A.M.), Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health (M.A.M.-G., C.R.), Centre for Nutrition Research (J.A.M.), and Department of Biochemistry and Genetics (G.Z.), University of Navarra, Pamplona; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid (M.A.M.-G., D.C., J.S.-S., J.A.M., A.M.); Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Valencia (D.C.); and Human Nutrition Department, Hospital Universitari Sant Joan, Institut d'Investigació Sanitaria Pere Virgili Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain (J.S.-S.)
| | - Dolores Corella
- From the Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Physiology (S.G.-C., J.A.M., A.M.), Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health (M.A.M.-G., C.R.), Centre for Nutrition Research (J.A.M.), and Department of Biochemistry and Genetics (G.Z.), University of Navarra, Pamplona; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid (M.A.M.-G., D.C., J.S.-S., J.A.M., A.M.); Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Valencia (D.C.); and Human Nutrition Department, Hospital Universitari Sant Joan, Institut d'Investigació Sanitaria Pere Virgili Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain (J.S.-S.)
| | - Jordi Salas-Salvadó
- From the Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Physiology (S.G.-C., J.A.M., A.M.), Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health (M.A.M.-G., C.R.), Centre for Nutrition Research (J.A.M.), and Department of Biochemistry and Genetics (G.Z.), University of Navarra, Pamplona; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid (M.A.M.-G., D.C., J.S.-S., J.A.M., A.M.); Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Valencia (D.C.); and Human Nutrition Department, Hospital Universitari Sant Joan, Institut d'Investigació Sanitaria Pere Virgili Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain (J.S.-S.)
| | - J Alfredo Martínez
- From the Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Physiology (S.G.-C., J.A.M., A.M.), Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health (M.A.M.-G., C.R.), Centre for Nutrition Research (J.A.M.), and Department of Biochemistry and Genetics (G.Z.), University of Navarra, Pamplona; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid (M.A.M.-G., D.C., J.S.-S., J.A.M., A.M.); Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Valencia (D.C.); and Human Nutrition Department, Hospital Universitari Sant Joan, Institut d'Investigació Sanitaria Pere Virgili Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain (J.S.-S.)
| | - Guillermo Zalba
- From the Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Physiology (S.G.-C., J.A.M., A.M.), Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health (M.A.M.-G., C.R.), Centre for Nutrition Research (J.A.M.), and Department of Biochemistry and Genetics (G.Z.), University of Navarra, Pamplona; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid (M.A.M.-G., D.C., J.S.-S., J.A.M., A.M.); Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Valencia (D.C.); and Human Nutrition Department, Hospital Universitari Sant Joan, Institut d'Investigació Sanitaria Pere Virgili Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain (J.S.-S.)
| | - Amelia Marti
- From the Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Physiology (S.G.-C., J.A.M., A.M.), Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health (M.A.M.-G., C.R.), Centre for Nutrition Research (J.A.M.), and Department of Biochemistry and Genetics (G.Z.), University of Navarra, Pamplona; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid (M.A.M.-G., D.C., J.S.-S., J.A.M., A.M.); Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Valencia (D.C.); and Human Nutrition Department, Hospital Universitari Sant Joan, Institut d'Investigació Sanitaria Pere Virgili Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain (J.S.-S.).
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Tarry-Adkins JL, Fernandez-Twinn DS, Chen JH, Hargreaves IP, Martin-Gronert MS, McConnell JM, Ozanne SE. Nutritional programming of coenzyme Q: potential for prevention and intervention? FASEB J 2014; 28:5398-405. [PMID: 25172893 PMCID: PMC4232289 DOI: 10.1096/fj.14-259473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Low birth weight and rapid postnatal growth increases risk of cardiovascular-disease (CVD); however, underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. Previously, we demonstrated that rats exposed to a low-protein diet in utero that underwent postnatal catch-up growth (recuperated) have a programmed deficit in cardiac coenzyme Q (CoQ) that was associated with accelerated cardiac aging. It is unknown whether this deficit occurs in all tissues, including those that are clinically accessible. We investigated whether aortic and white blood cell (WBC) CoQ is programmed by suboptimal early nutrition and whether postweaning dietary supplementation with CoQ could prevent programmed accelerated aging. Recuperated male rats had reduced aortic CoQ [22 d (35±8.4%; P<0.05); 12 m (53±8.8%; P<0.05)], accelerated aortic telomere shortening (P<0.01), increased DNA damage (79±13% increase in nei-endonucleaseVIII-like-1), increased oxidative stress (458±67% increase in NAPDH-oxidase-4; P<0.001), and decreased mitochondrial complex II-III activity (P<0.05). Postweaning dietary supplementation with CoQ prevented these detrimental programming effects. Recuperated WBCs also had reduced CoQ (74±5.8%; P<0.05). Notably, WBC CoQ levels correlated with aortic telomere-length (P<0.0001) suggesting its potential as a diagnostic marker of vascular aging. We conclude that early intervention with CoQ in at-risk individuals may be a cost-effective and safe way of reducing the global burden of CVDs.—Tarry-Adkins, J. L., Fernandez-Twinn, D. S., Chen, J.-H., Hargreaves, I. P., Martin-Gronert, M. S., McConnell, J. M., Ozanne, S. E. Nutritional programming of coenzyme Q: potential for prevention and intervention?
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Affiliation(s)
- Jane L Tarry-Adkins
- Metabolic Research Laboratories, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK; and
| | - Denise S Fernandez-Twinn
- Metabolic Research Laboratories, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK; and
| | - Jian-Hua Chen
- Metabolic Research Laboratories, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK; and
| | - Iain P Hargreaves
- Neurometabolic Unit, National Hospital, University College London, London, UK
| | - Malgorzata S Martin-Gronert
- Metabolic Research Laboratories, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK; and
| | - Josie M McConnell
- Metabolic Research Laboratories, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK; and
| | - Susan E Ozanne
- Metabolic Research Laboratories, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK; and
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Carulli L, Annicchiarico E. WITHDRAWN: Telomeres and atherosclerosis. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2014:S0939-4753(14)00232-4. [PMID: 25150772 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2014.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2014] [Revised: 06/30/2014] [Accepted: 07/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
This article has been withdrawn at the request of the author(s) and/or editor. The Publisher apologizes for any inconvenience this may cause. The full Elsevier Policy on Article Withdrawal can be found at http://www.elsevier.com/locate/withdrawalpolicy.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Carulli
- Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy.
| | - E Annicchiarico
- Department of Intensive Care, Cardiology Unit, Nuovo Ospedale Civile Sant'Agostino Estense, Modena, Italy
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Kruglikova AS, Strajesko ID, Tkacheva ON, Akasheva DU, Plokhova EV, Pykhtina VS, Dudinskaya EV, Isaykina OY, Sharashkina NV, Ozerova IN, Vygodin VA, Gomyranova NV. INTERRELATION BETWEEN CARDIOVASCULAR RISK FACTORS AND TELOMERE BIOLOGY WITH THE SIGNS OF VASCULAR AGING. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.15829/1728-8800-2014-3-11-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Aim.To study interrelationship between cardiovascular risk factors and cellular and vascular aging processes. Material and methods. Totally 136 patients were included having no signs of cardiovascular diseases, diabetes 2nd type and receiving no drug therapy, but with one or several risk factors for cardiovascular diseases (smoking, arterial hypertension, obesity, dyslipidemia, fasting hyperglycemia). The telomere length and telomerase activity was measured by polymerase chain reaction. The thickness of intima-media complex (TIMC) and presence of atherosclerotic plaques (ASP) were measured by duplex scanning of right and left carotid arteries. Pulse wave velocity (PWV) was measured by applanation tonometry. Biochemical tests done by standard.Results.PWV significantly correlated with age, body mass index, glycosilated hemoglobin level, fasting glycemia and telomere length. Presence of ASP and increased TIMC significantly correlated with age, body mass index, arterial hypertension, dyslipidemia.Conclusion.Increase of arterial wall stiffness and subclinical atherosclerotic disease have different causes. The level of PWV more linked with carbohydrate metabolism disorder, and TIMC and ASP are linked with lipid disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. S. Kruglikova
- FSBH State Research Centre for Preventive Medicine of the Ministry of Health. Moscow, Russia
| | - I. D. Strajesko
- FSBH State Research Centre for Preventive Medicine of the Ministry of Health. Moscow, Russia
| | - O. N. Tkacheva
- FSBH State Research Centre for Preventive Medicine of the Ministry of Health. Moscow, Russia
| | - D. U. Akasheva
- FSBH State Research Centre for Preventive Medicine of the Ministry of Health. Moscow, Russia
| | - E. V. Plokhova
- FSBH State Research Centre for Preventive Medicine of the Ministry of Health. Moscow, Russia
| | - V. S. Pykhtina
- FSBH State Research Centre for Preventive Medicine of the Ministry of Health. Moscow, Russia
| | - E. V. Dudinskaya
- FSBH State Research Centre for Preventive Medicine of the Ministry of Health. Moscow, Russia
| | - O. Yu. Isaykina
- FSBH State Research Centre for Preventive Medicine of the Ministry of Health. Moscow, Russia
| | - N. V. Sharashkina
- FSBH State Research Centre for Preventive Medicine of the Ministry of Health. Moscow, Russia
| | - I. N. Ozerova
- FSBH State Research Centre for Preventive Medicine of the Ministry of Health. Moscow, Russia
| | - V. A. Vygodin
- FSBH State Research Centre for Preventive Medicine of the Ministry of Health. Moscow, Russia
| | - N. V. Gomyranova
- FSBH State Research Centre for Preventive Medicine of the Ministry of Health. Moscow, Russia
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Wen VW, MacKenzie KL. Modeling human endothelial cell transformation in vascular neoplasias. Dis Model Mech 2014; 6:1066-79. [PMID: 24046386 PMCID: PMC3759327 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.012674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Endothelial cell (EC)-derived neoplasias range from benign hemangioma to aggressive metastatic angiosarcoma, which responds poorly to current treatments and has a very high mortality rate. The development of treatments that are more effective for these disorders will be expedited by insight into the processes that promote abnormal proliferation and malignant transformation of human ECs. The study of primary endothelial malignancy has been limited by the rarity of the disease; however, there is potential for carefully characterized EC lines and animal models to play a central role in the discovery, development and testing of molecular targeted therapies for vascular neoplasias. This review describes molecular alterations that have been identified in EC-derived neoplasias, as well as the processes that underpin the immortalization and tumorigenic conversion of ECs. Human EC lines, established through the introduction of defined genetic elements or by culture of primary tumor tissue, are catalogued and discussed in relation to their relevance as models of vascular neoplasia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria W Wen
- Cancer Cell Development Group, Children's Cancer Institute Australia for Medical Research, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Randwick, NSW, Australia
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Warboys CM, de Luca A, Amini N, Luong L, Duckles H, Hsiao S, White A, Biswas S, Khamis R, Chong CK, Cheung WM, Sherwin SJ, Bennett MR, Gil J, Mason JC, Haskard DO, Evans PC. Disturbed flow promotes endothelial senescence via a p53-dependent pathway. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2014; 34:985-95. [PMID: 24651677 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.114.303415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Although atherosclerosis is associated with systemic risk factors such as age, high cholesterol, and obesity, plaque formation occurs predominately at branches and bends that are exposed to disturbed patterns of blood flow. The molecular mechanisms that link disturbed flow-generated mechanical forces with arterial injury are uncertain. To illuminate them, we investigated the effects of flow on endothelial cell (EC) senescence. APPROACH AND RESULTS LDLR(-/-) (low-density lipoprotein receptor(-/-)) mice were exposed to a high-fat diet for 2 to 12 weeks (or to a normal chow diet as a control) before the assessment of cellular senescence in aortic ECs. En face staining revealed that senescence-associated β-galactosidase activity and p53 expression were elevated in ECs at sites of disturbed flow in response to a high-fat diet. By contrast, ECs exposed to undisturbed flow did not express senescence-associated β-galactosidase or p53. Studies of aortae from healthy pigs (aged 6 months) also revealed enhanced senescence-associated β-galactosidase staining at sites of disturbed flow. These data suggest that senescent ECs accumulate at disturbed flow sites during atherogenesis. We used in vitro flow systems to examine whether a causal relationship exists between flow and EC senescence. Exposure of cultured ECs to flow (using either an orbital shaker or a syringe-pump flow bioreactor) revealed that disturbed flow promoted EC senescence compared with static conditions, whereas undisturbed flow reduced senescence. Gene silencing studies demonstrated that disturbed flow induced EC senescence via a p53-p21 signaling pathway. Disturbed flow-induced senescent ECs exhibited reduced migration compared with nonsenescent ECs in a scratch wound closure assay, and thus may be defective for arterial repair. However, pharmacological activation of sirtuin 1 (using resveratrol or SRT1720) protected ECs from disturbed flow-induced senescence. CONCLUSIONS Disturbed flow promotes endothelial senescence via a p53-p21-dependent pathway which can be inhibited by activation of sirtuin 1. These observations support the principle that pharmacological activation of sirtuin 1 may promote cardiovascular health by suppressing EC senescence at atheroprone sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina M Warboys
- From the British Heart Foundation Cardiovascular Science Unit, National Heart and Lung Institute (C.M.W., A.d.L., NA., R.K., W.-M.C., J.C.M., D.O.H.), Department of Aeronautics (S.J.S.), and MRC Clinical Sciences Centre (J.G.), Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom; Departments of Cardiovascular Science (L.L., H.D., S.H., S.B., P.C.E.) and Materials Science and Engineering (A.W., C.K.C.) and Insigneo Institute of In Silico Medicine (P.C.E.), University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom; and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom (M.R.B.)
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Telomerase: target for cancer treatment. Mol Oncol 2013. [DOI: 10.1017/cbo9781139046947.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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Abstract
Abstract In humans and other multicellular organisms that have an extended lifespan, the leading causes of death are atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease and cancer. Experimental and clinical evidence indicates that these age-related disorders are linked through dysregulation of telomere homeostasis. Telomeres are DNA protein structures located at the terminal end of chromosomes and shorten with each cycle of cell replication, thereby reflecting the biological age of an organism. Critically shortened telomeres provoke cellular senescence and apoptosis, impairing the function and viability of a cell. The endothelial cells within atherosclerotic plaques have been shown to display features of cellular senescence. Studies have consistently demonstrated an association between shortened telomere length and coronary artery disease (CAD). Several of the CAD risk factors and particularly type 2 diabetes are linked to telomere shortening and cellular senescence. Our interest in telomere biology was prompted by the high incidence of premature CAD and diabetes in a subset of our population, and the hypothesis that these conditions are premature-ageing syndromes. The assessment of telomere length may serve as a better predictor of cardiovascular risk and mortality than currently available risk markers, and anti-senescence therapy targeting the telomere complex is emerging as a new strategy in the treatment of atherosclerosis. We review the evidence linking telomere biology to atherosclerosis and discuss methods to preserve telomere length.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Khan
- Department of Cardiology, Nelson R Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa.
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Morgan RG, Ives SJ, Lesniewski LA, Cawthon RM, Andtbacka RHI, Noyes RD, Richardson RS, Donato AJ. Age-related telomere uncapping is associated with cellular senescence and inflammation independent of telomere shortening in human arteries. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2013; 305:H251-8. [PMID: 23666675 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00197.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Arterial telomere dysfunction may contribute to chronic arterial inflammation by inducing cellular senescence and subsequent senescence-associated inflammation. Although telomere shortening has been associated with arterial aging in humans, age-related telomere uncapping has not been described in non-cultured human tissues and may have substantial prognostic value. In skeletal muscle feed arteries from 104 younger, middle-aged, and older adults, we assessed the potential role of age-related telomere uncapping in arterial inflammation. Telomere uncapping, measured by p-histone γ-H2A.X (ser139) localized to telomeres (chromatin immunoprecipitation; ChIP), and telomeric repeat binding factor 2 bound to telomeres (ChIP) was greater in arteries from older adults compared with those from younger adults. There was greater tumor suppressor protein p53 (P53)/cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1A (P21)-induced senescence, measured by P53 bound to P21 gene promoter (ChIP), and greater expression of P21, interleukin 8, and monocyte chemotactic protein 1 mRNA (RT-PCR) in arteries from older adults compared with younger adults. Telomere uncapping was a highly influential covariate for the age-group difference in P53/P21-induced senescence. Despite progressive age-related telomere shortening in human arteries, mean telomere length was not associated with telomere uncapping or P53/P21-induced senescence. Collectively, these findings demonstrate that advancing age is associated with greater telomere uncapping in arteries, which is linked to P53/P21-induced senescence independent of telomere shortening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard G Morgan
- George E. Wahlen Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
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Guan JZ, Guan WP, Maeda T, Makino N. Analysis of telomere length and subtelomeric methylation of circulating leukocytes in women with Alzheimer's disease. Aging Clin Exp Res 2013; 25:17-23. [PMID: 23740629 DOI: 10.1007/s40520-013-0006-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2011] [Accepted: 11/22/2011] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUNDS AND AIMS Telomere attrition proceeds with the aging process, and is also associated with aging disease conditions, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD). The aging process also affects subtelomeric methylation status. In the present study, the telomere length and the subtelomeric methylation status in female AD patients were analyzed to see how AD affects telomere structure. METHODS Terminal restriction fragment length of 23 AD patients' peripheral leukocytes was analyzed with methylation sensitive- and insensitive-isoschizomer by Southern blot. RESULTS AD patients were found to have normal mean telomere lengths (controls; 6.4 ± 0.9 kb, AD; 6.1 ± 0.8 kb, p = 0.131), a proportionally decreased number of the longest telomeres (>9.4 kb) (controls; 30.3 ± 7.9%, AD; 24.4 ± 8.3%, p = 0.013), increased medium-sized telomeres (controls; 51.7 ± 3.3%, AD 55.5 ± 6.4%, p = 0.015) and unchanged numbers of the shortest telomeres (<4.4 kb) (controls; 18.0 ± 7.8, AD; 20.2 ± 8.9%, p = 0.371) in their peripheral leukocytes. The subtelomeres of telomeres in the shortest range (<4.4 kb) were more methylated in AD subjects than in controls (controls; 0.21 ± 0.23, AD; 0.41 ± 0.26, p = 0.016). CONCLUSIONS These results may indicate that AD contributes to the loss of cells bearing the shortest telomeres, with hypomethylation of subtelomeres occurring in addition to telomere attrition, resulting in an apparent normal mean telomere length in AD patients. The relatively high subtelomeric methylation status of the shortest telomeres in peripheral blood leukocytes may be a characteristic of AD. This report demonstrates that the epigenetic status of the telomeric region is affected by disease conditions.
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Sun CK, Leu S, Sheu JJ, Tsai TH, Sung HC, Chen YL, Chung SY, Ko SF, Chang HW, Yip HK. Paradoxical impairment of angiogenesis, endothelial function and circulating number of endothelial progenitor cells in DPP4-deficient rat after critical limb ischemia. Stem Cell Res Ther 2013; 4:31. [PMID: 23517567 PMCID: PMC3706813 DOI: 10.1186/scrt181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2012] [Accepted: 02/04/2013] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction We hypothesized that dipeptidyl peptidase-IV (DPP4) may impair angiogenesis, endothelial function, and the circulating number of endothelial progenitor cells (EPC) in a model of critical limb ischemia (CLI) through ligating the left femoral artery using DPP4-deficient rats. Methods Adult male DPP4-deficient (DPP4D) rats (n = 18) were equally divided into CLI only (DPP4D-CLI) and CLI treated by granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (GCSF) (DPP4D-CLI-GCSF). For comparison, age-matched wild-type (WT) Fischer 344 rats (n = 18) were randomized into two groups receiving identical treatment compared to their DPP4-deficient counterparts and labeled as WT-CLI (n = 9) and WT-CLI-GCSF (n = 9), respectively. Results The circulating number of EPCs (CD31+, CD34+, CD133, C-kit+) was significantly lower in DPP4-deficient than in WT rats on post-CLI days 1 and 4 (all P < 0.01). The ratio of ischemia/normal blood flow was remarkably lower in DPP4D-CLI-GCSF rats than in WT-CLI-GCSF animals on post-CLI Day 14 (all P < 0.01). Protein expressions of pro-angiogenic factors (endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), CXCR4, SDF-1α, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)) were remarkably higher in WT-CLI than in DPP4D-CLI rats, and higher in WT-CLI-GCSF than in DPP4D-CLI-GCSF animals (all P < 0.01). Moreover, the numbers of small vessel in the ischemic area were substantially higher in WT-CLI-GCSF than in DPP4D-CLI-GCSF rats (P < 0.001). Furthermore, vasorelaxation and nitric oxide production of the normal femoral artery were significantly reduced in DPP4-deficient than in WT Fischer rats (all P < 0.01). Conclusions Contrary to our hypothesis, DPP4-deficient rats were inferior to age-matched WT Fischer rats in terms of angiogenesis, endothelial function, circulating EPC number and response to GCSF, suggesting a positive role of DPP4 in maintaining vascular function and tissue perfusion in this experimental setting.
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Karavassilis ME, Faragher R. A relationship exists between replicative senescence and cardiovascular health. LONGEVITY & HEALTHSPAN 2013; 2:3. [PMID: 24472516 PMCID: PMC3922945 DOI: 10.1186/2046-2395-2-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2012] [Accepted: 11/12/2012] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
A growing body of evidence demonstrates that the accumulation of senescent cells is a plausible ageing mechanism. It has been proposed that the senescence of vascular cells plays a causal role in the development of cardiovascular pathologies. A key prediction arising from this hypothesis is that cultures of cells derived from donors with cardiovascular disease will show reduced in vitro replicative capacities compared to those derived from disease-free controls. Accordingly, we carried out a formal review of the relationship among donor age, cardiovascular health status and maximum population doubling level attained in vitro by cultures of vascular smooth muscle and endothelial cells. Data were available to us on a total of 202 independent cell cultures. An inverse relationship was found to exist between replicative capacity and donor age in both endothelial and vascular smooth muscle cells. Cultures derived from donors with cardiovascular disease showed a lower overall replicative potential than age-matched healthy controls. In general the replicative potential at the start of the lifespan was found to be higher in those individuals without disease than those with disease and the difference in average cumulative population doublings (CPDs) in age-matched individuals in the two groups remained roughly constant throughout the lifetime. These results are consistent with the model in which the inherited replicative capacity of vascular cells is a stronger determinant of the onset of cardiovascular disease later in life, than wear-and-tear throughout the life course.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Richard Faragher
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Brighton, Huxley Building, Lewes Road, BN2 4GJ, Brighton, UK.
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Hallows SE, Regnault TRH, Betts DH. The long and short of it: the role of telomeres in fetal origins of adult disease. J Pregnancy 2012; 2012:638476. [PMID: 23094159 PMCID: PMC3471439 DOI: 10.1155/2012/638476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2012] [Accepted: 08/24/2012] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Placental insufficiency, maternal malnutrition, and other causes of intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) can significantly affect short-term growth and long-term health. Following IUGR, there is an increased risk for cardiovascular disease and Type 2 Diabetes. The etiology of these diseases is beginning to be elucidated, and premature aging or cellular senescence through increased oxidative stress and DNA damage to telomeric ends may be initiators of these disease processes. This paper will explore the areas where telomere and telomerase biology can have significant effects on various tissues in the body in IUGR outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie E. Hallows
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Western Ontario, Ontario, London, ON, Canada N6A 5C1
| | - Timothy R. H. Regnault
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Western Ontario, Ontario, London, ON, Canada N6A 5C1
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Western Ontario, Ontario, London, ON, Canada N6H 5W9
- Children's Health Research Institute, Lawson Health Research Institute, London, ON, Canada N6C 2V5
| | - Dean H. Betts
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Western Ontario, Ontario, London, ON, Canada N6A 5C1
- Children's Health Research Institute, Lawson Health Research Institute, London, ON, Canada N6C 2V5
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Ives SJ, Andtbacka RHI, Park SY, Donato AJ, Gifford JR, Noyes RD, Lesniewski LA, Richardson RS. Human skeletal muscle feed arteries: evidence of regulatory potential. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2012; 206:135-41. [PMID: 22726882 DOI: 10.1111/j.1748-1716.2012.02464.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2012] [Revised: 05/23/2012] [Accepted: 06/18/2012] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
AIM Recently, it has been recognized that human skeletal muscle feed arteries can be harvested during exploratory surgery for melanoma. This approach provides vessels for in vitro study from a wide spectrum of relatively healthy humans. Although, the regulatory role of skeletal muscle feed arteries in rodent models has been documented, whether such vessels in humans possess this functionality is unknown. METHODS Therefore, skeletal muscle feed arteries (~950 μm OD) from 10 humans (48 ± 4, 27-64 years) were studied using pressure myography. Vessel function was assessed using potassium chloride (KCl), phenylephrine (PE), acetylcholine (ACh) and sodium nitroprusside (SNP) concentration-response curves (CRCs) to characterize non-receptor and receptor-mediated vasoconstriction as well as endothelium-dependent and independent vasodilation respectively. To understand the physiological relevance of the diameter changes as a result of pharmacological stimulation, the estimated conductance ratio (CR) was calculated. RESULTS Vessel function protocols revealed significant vasoconstriction in response to PE and KCl (35 ± 6; 43 ± 9%vasoconstriction, respectively) and significant vasodilation with ACh and SNP (85 ± 7; 121 ± 17% vasodilation, respectively). Both PE and KCl significantly reduced the CR (0.26 ± 0.05 and 0.23 ± 0.07, respectively), whereas ACh and SNP increased the CR (2.56 ± 0.10 and 5.32 ± 1.3, respectively). CONCLUSION These novel findings provide evidence that human skeletal muscle feed arteries are capable of generating significant diameter changes that would translate into significant changes in vascular conductance. Thus, human skeletal muscle feed arteries likely play a significant role in regulating vascular conductance and subsequently blood flow in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - R. H. I. Andtbacka
- Department of Surgery, Huntsman Cancer Hospital; University of Utah; Salt Lake City; UT; USA
| | | | | | | | - R. D. Noyes
- Department of Surgery, Huntsman Cancer Hospital; University of Utah; Salt Lake City; UT; USA
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Ahmad S, Heraclides A, Sun Q, Elgzyri T, Rönn T, Ling C, Isomaa B, Eriksson KF, Groop L, Franks PW, Hansson O. Telomere length in blood and skeletal muscle in relation to measures of glycaemia and insulinaemia. Diabet Med 2012; 29:e377-81. [PMID: 22747879 PMCID: PMC3698879 DOI: 10.1111/j.1464-5491.2012.03737.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Skeletal muscle is a major metabolic organ and plays important roles in glucose metabolism, insulin sensitivity and insulin action. Muscle telomere length reflects the myocyte's exposure to harmful environmental factors. Leukocyte telomere length is considered a marker of muscle telomere length and is used in epidemiologic studies to assess associations with ageing-related diseases where muscle physiology is important. However, the extent to which leucocyte and muscle telomere length are correlated is unknown, as are their relative correlations with glucose and insulin concentrations. The purpose of this study was to determine the extent of these relationships. METHODS Leucocyte and muscle telomere length were measured by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction in participants from the Malmö Exercise Intervention (n = 27) and the Prevalence, Prediction and Prevention of Diabetes-Botnia studies (n = 31). Participants in both studies were free from Type 2 diabetes. We assessed the association between leucocyte telomere length, muscle telomere length and metabolic traits using Spearmen correlations and multivariate linear regression. Bland-Altman analysis was used to assess agreement between leucocyte and muscle telomere length. RESULTS In age-, study-, diabetes family history- and sex-adjusted models, leucocyte and muscle telomere length were positively correlated (r = 0.39, 95% CI 0.15-0.59). Leucocyte telomere length was inversely associated with 2-h glucose concentrations (r = -0.58, 95% CI -1.0 to -0.16), but there was no correlation between muscle telomere length and 2-h glucose concentrations (r = 0.05, 95% CI -0.35 to 0.46) or between leucocyte or muscle telomere length with other metabolic traits. CONCLUSIONS In summary, the current study supports the use of leucocyte telomere length as a proxy for muscle telomere length in epidemiological studies of Type 2 diabetes aetiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shafqat Ahmad
- Genetic and Molecular Epidemiology Unit, Lund University Diabetes Center, Department of Clinical Sciences, Skåne University Hospital, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Alexandros Heraclides
- Genetic and Molecular Epidemiology Unit, Lund University Diabetes Center, Department of Clinical Sciences, Skåne University Hospital, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Qi Sun
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA
- Channing Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Targ Elgzyri
- Diabetes and Endocrinology Unit, Lund University Diabetes Center, Department of Clinical Sciences, Skåne University Hospital, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Tina Rönn
- Epigenetics Unit, Lund University Diabetes Center, Department of Clinical Sciences, Skåne University Hospital, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Charlotte Ling
- Epigenetics Unit, Lund University Diabetes Center, Department of Clinical Sciences, Skåne University Hospital, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Bo Isomaa
- Folkhälsan Research Center, Östanpävagen 32, 68660 Jakobstad, Finland
- Department of Social Services and Health Care, PB 111, 68601 Jakobstad, Finland
| | - Karl-Fredrik Eriksson
- Diabetes and Endocrinology Unit, Lund University Diabetes Center, Department of Clinical Sciences, Skåne University Hospital, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Leif Groop
- Diabetes and Endocrinology Unit, Lund University Diabetes Center, Department of Clinical Sciences, Skåne University Hospital, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland FIMM, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Paul W. Franks
- Genetic and Molecular Epidemiology Unit, Lund University Diabetes Center, Department of Clinical Sciences, Skåne University Hospital, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - Ola Hansson
- Diabetes and Endocrinology Unit, Lund University Diabetes Center, Department of Clinical Sciences, Skåne University Hospital, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
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Maeda T, Guan JZ, Koyanagi M, Makino N. Telomerase activity and telomere length distribution in vascular endothelial cells in a short-term culture under the presence of hydrogen peroxide. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2012; 13:774-82. [PMID: 22985061 DOI: 10.1111/j.1447-0594.2012.00936.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
AIM The aim of this study was to assess the biological effects of oxidative stress on human vascular endothelial cells. METHODS The telomeric changes and the alterations of the expression of telomere-associated proteins in human umbilical venous endothelial cells (HUVEC) cultured in the presence of hydrogen peroxide (H2 O2 ) were analyzed. RESULTS During the culture, the cell growth rate decreased, whereas the telomerase activity of the surviving cells increased. As the H2 O2 level increased, long telomeres decreased proportionally, thus resulting in a telomere length distribution that was rich in short telomeres. These observations suggested that H2 O2 -affected endothelial cells bear telomeric features similar to those of aged cells. In contrast, the expression of telomere-associated proteins, TRF1 and TRF2, showed different changes. TRF1 increased in relation to H2 O2 concentration, whereas TRF2 showed no significant change. The surviving cells exposed to H2 O2 showed a H2 O2 -dose dependent increase in telomerase activity, whereas the telomere protein and RNA components were only elevated in low concentrations of H2 O2 . CONCLUSIONS The increase in telomerase activity and TRF1 protein expression of vascular endothelial cell might show an aspect of cellular protective reaction against oxygen stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toyoki Maeda
- Department of Cardiovascular, Respiratory, and Geriatric Medicine, Kyushu University Beppu Hospital, Beppu, Oita, Japan.
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Abstract
Hypertension is one of the common diseases in the elderly. The prevalence of hypertension markedly increases with advancing age. Both aging and hypertension have a critical role in cardiovascular and cerebrovascular complications. Although aging and hypertension, either independently or collectively, impair endothelial function, aging and hypertension may have similar cascades for the pathogenesis and development of endothelial dysfunction. Nitric oxide (NO) has an important role in regulation of vascular tone. Decrease in NO bioavailability by endothelial dysfunction would lead to elevation of blood pressure. An imbalance of reduced production of NO or increased production of reactive oxygen species, mainly superoxide, may promote endothelial dysfunction. One possible mechanism by which the prevalence of hypertension is increased in relation to aging may be advancing endothelial dysfunction associated with aging through an increase in oxidative stress. In addition, endothelial cell senescence is also involved in aging-related endothelial dysfunction. In this review, we focus on recent findings and interactions between endothelial function, oxidative stress and hypertension in aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukihito Higashi
- Department of Cardiovascular Regeneration and Medicine, Research Institute for Radiation Biology and Medicine (RIRBM), Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan.
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Cafueri G, Parodi F, Pistorio A, Bertolotto M, Ventura F, Gambini C, Bianco P, Dallegri F, Pistoia V, Pezzolo A, Palombo D. Endothelial and smooth muscle cells from abdominal aortic aneurysm have increased oxidative stress and telomere attrition. PLoS One 2012; 7:e35312. [PMID: 22514726 PMCID: PMC3325957 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0035312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2011] [Accepted: 03/13/2012] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is a complex multi-factorial disease with life-threatening complications. AAA is typically asymptomatic and its rupture is associated with high mortality rate. Both environmental and genetic risk factors are involved in AAA pathogenesis. Aim of this study was to investigate telomere length (TL) and oxidative DNA damage in paired blood lymphocytes, aortic endothelial cells (EC), vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC), and epidermal cells from patients with AAA in comparison with matched controls. METHODS TL was assessed using a modification of quantitative (Q)-FISH in combination with immunofluorescence for CD31 or α-smooth muscle actin to detect EC and VSMC, respectively. Oxidative DNA damage was investigated by immunofluorescence staining for 7, 8-dihydro-8-oxo-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-oxo-dG). RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS Telomeres were found to be significantly shortened in EC, VSMC, keratinocytes and blood lymphocytes from AAA patients compared to matched controls. 8-oxo-dG immunoreactivity, indicative of oxidative DNA damage, was detected at higher levels in all of the above cell types from AAA patients compared to matched controls. Increased DNA double strand breaks were detected in AAA patients vs controls by nuclear staining for γ-H2AX histone. There was statistically significant inverse correlation between TL and accumulation of oxidative DNA damage in blood lymphocytes from AAA patients. This study shows for the first time that EC and VSMC from AAA have shortened telomeres and oxidative DNA damage. Similar findings were obtained with circulating lymphocytes and keratinocytes, indicating the systemic nature of the disease. Potential translational implications of these findings are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Cafueri
- Department of Surgical Sciences and Integrated Diagnostics, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Federica Parodi
- Laboratory of Oncology, IRCCS Gaslini Hospital, Genoa, Italy
| | - Angela Pistorio
- Epidemiology and Biostatistics Unit, IRCCS Gaslini Hospital, Genoa, Italy
| | - Maria Bertolotto
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | | | - Claudio Gambini
- Laboratory of Pathology, IRCCS Gaslini Hospital, Genoa, Italy
| | - Paolo Bianco
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Franco Dallegri
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Vito Pistoia
- Laboratory of Oncology, IRCCS Gaslini Hospital, Genoa, Italy
| | - Annalisa Pezzolo
- Laboratory of Oncology, IRCCS Gaslini Hospital, Genoa, Italy
- * E-mail:
| | - Domenico Palombo
- Department of Surgical Sciences and Integrated Diagnostics, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
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Maeda T, Guan JZ, Koyanagi M, Higuchi Y, Makino N. Aging-associated alteration of telomere length and subtelomeric status in female patients with Parkinson's disease. J Neurogenet 2012; 26:245-51. [PMID: 22364520 DOI: 10.3109/01677063.2011.651665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
A telomere is a repetitive DNA structure at chromosomal ends that stabilizes the chromosome structure and prevents harmful end-to-end recombinations. The telomere length of somatic cells becomes shorter with aging because of the "end replication problem." This telomere shortening is accelerated by pathophysiological conditions including daily mental stress. Living with Parkinson's disease (PD) causes physical and mental stress; therefore, the authors hypothesized that the telomere length of somatic cells was shortened excessively in patients with PD. In order to detect PD-associated somatic telomeric alterations, the telomere length and subtelomeric methylation status of peripheral leukocytes of PD patients were assessed by Southern blotting, using methylation-sensitive and -insensitive isoschizomers. The results demonstrated that the peripheral leukocytes of Japanese female patients with PD bore fewer long telomeres and a proportional increase of hypomethylated subtelomeres in short telomeres in comparison with the healthy controls. This study indicates that with the neurodegeneration associated with PD, telomeric and subtelomeric structural alterations occur. These structural telomere alterations most likely occur secondary to the acceleration of aging-associated telomeric changes and the accelerated loss of cells bearing short telomeres.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toyoki Maeda
- Department of Cardiovascular, Respiratory and Geriatric Medicine, Kyushu University Beppu Hospital, 4546 Tsurumihara, Beppu, Oita, Japan.
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Bendix L, Gade MM, Staun PW, Kimura M, Jeune B, Hjelmborg JVB, Aviv A, Christensen K. Leukocyte telomere length and physical ability among Danish twins age 70+. Mech Ageing Dev 2011; 132:568-72. [PMID: 22019938 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2011.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2011] [Revised: 09/26/2011] [Accepted: 10/07/2011] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Leukocyte telomere length (LTL) shortens with age and is potentially a biomarker of human aging. We examined the relation of LTL with physical ability and cognitive function in 548 same-sex twins from the Longitudinal Study of Aging Danish Twins. LTL was measured by Southern blots of the terminal restriction fragments (TRF). Physical ability was evaluated using a self reported scale of 11 questions, while cognitive function was scored by MMSE and a cognitive composite score sensitive to age-related decline. A random intercept model revealed a positive, significant association between LTL and physical ability. For every unit increase in physical ability score, LTL increased by 0.066 kb (p = 0.01), equal to approximately three years of age-dependent LTL shortening. A matched case-co-twin design showed that the group consisting of the twins from each pair with the longer LTL also displayed better physical ability (p < 0.01). Moreover, the intra-pair difference in LTL was associated with intra-pair difference in physical ability (p < 0.01), confirming the association. However, we found no association between cognitive function and LTL. The LTL-physical ability association in the elderly provides further support to the premise that LTL is an index of somatic fitness in the narrow context of human physical health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laila Bendix
- Danish Aging Research Center, University of Southern Denmark, JB Winslowsvej 9B, DK-5000 Odense C, Denmark.
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Dimitroulis D, Katsargyris A, Klonaris C, Avgerinos ED, Fragou-Plemenou M, Kouraklis G, Liapis CD. Telomerase expression on aortic wall endothelial cells is attenuated in abdominal aortic aneurysms compared to healthy nonaneurysmal aortas. J Vasc Surg 2011; 54:1778-83. [PMID: 21917401 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvs.2011.06.079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2011] [Revised: 06/21/2011] [Accepted: 06/21/2011] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Linear chromosomes carry specific DNA structures at their ends called telomeres. The latter shorten with each successive cell division making their length a marker of cell age. Telomerase prevents such telomere attrition by adding back telomeric repeats at the telomere ends, thus playing an important role in cell aging. On the other hand, an abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) represents an age-related degenerative disorder. The aim of the present study was to investigate a potential correlation of telomerase expression with AAA formation. METHODS Aortic wall tissue samples were collected from 49 patients (mean age, 63.8 ± 4.4 years) with AAAs during open elective repair and from 24 deceased organ donors as controls (mean age, 60.5 ± 3.9 years). Telomerase expression on endothelial cells was detected by immunohistochemistry. Associations of telomerase positivity with AAAs and epidemiologic and clinical variables were investigated. RESULTS Telomerase expression was significantly decreased in patients with AAAs (11 of 49; 22.4%) compared to controls (19 of 24; 79.2%; P < .001). This association persisted after adjustment for age, gender, coronary artery disease (CAD), hypercholesterolemia, hypertension and smoking (odds ratio, 0.47; 95% confidence interval, 0.14-0.58; P < .01.). CONCLUSION Patients with AAAs have attenuated telomerase endothelial expression compared to controls, implying a protective role of telomerase against AAA formation. Further investigation of pathways involved in vascular aging may contribute to elucidation of AAA pathogenetic mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitrios Dimitroulis
- Athens University Medical School, 2nd Surgical Department, Vascular Division, Laikon University General Hospital, Athens, Greece
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Khaidakov M, Wang X, Mehta JL. Potential involvement of LOX-1 in functional consequences of endothelial senescence. PLoS One 2011; 6:e20964. [PMID: 21698300 PMCID: PMC3115962 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0020964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2011] [Accepted: 05/14/2011] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Numerous studies have described the process of senescence associated with accumulation of oxidative damage, mutations and decline in proliferative potential. Although the changes observed in senescent cells are likely to result in significant phenotypic alterations, the studies on consequences of endothelial senescence, especially in relation to aging-associated diseases, are scarce. We have analyzed effects of senescence on the functions of endothelial cells relevant to the development of atherosclerosis including angiogenesis, adhesion, apoptosis and inflammation. In the course of progressing through the passages, human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) displayed significant increase in size (+36% passage 12 vs. passage 4 , p<0.001) and reduction in both basal and VEGF-stimulated tube formation. The analysis of a scavenger receptor LOX-1, a key molecule implicated in atherogenesis, revealed a significant decline of its message (mRNA) and protein content in senescent endothelial cells (−33%) and in aortas of 50 wk (vs. 5 wk) old mice (all p<0.01). These effects were accompanied by a marked reduction of the basal expression of VCAM-1 and ICAM-1. Compared to early cultures, late passage HUVECs also exhibited nuclear translocation of NF-κB (p65) and reciprocal shifts in BAX and BCL2 protein content resulting in almost 2-fold increase in BAX/BCL2 ratio and 3-fold increase in apoptotic response to TNFα exposure (p<0.04). These changes in senescent endothelial cells are suggestive of aberrant responses to physiological stimuli resulting in a less permissive environment for tissue remodeling and progression of diseases requiring angiogenesis and cell adhesion in elderly, possibly, mediated by LOX-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magomed Khaidakov
- Department of Medicine, Central Arkansas Veterans Healthcare System and University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, United States of America
- * E-mail: (MK); (JLM)
| | - Xianwei Wang
- Department of Medicine, Central Arkansas Veterans Healthcare System and University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, United States of America
| | - Jawahar L. Mehta
- Department of Medicine, Central Arkansas Veterans Healthcare System and University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, United States of America
- * E-mail: (MK); (JLM)
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Lee M, Martin H, Firpo MA, Demerath EW. Inverse association between adiposity and telomere length: The Fels Longitudinal Study. Am J Hum Biol 2011; 23:100-6. [PMID: 21080476 DOI: 10.1002/ajhb.21109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To assess the relationship between telomere length and adiposity, using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), in addition to conventional anthropometric proxies including body mass index (BMI) and cardiovascular disease risk factors. METHODS A cross-sectional sample of 309 non-Hispanic white participants in the Fels Longitudinal Study aged 8 to 80 yr (52% female) was included. Average telomere length was measured by quantitative PCR. RESULTS Telomere length was negatively correlated with age (r = -0.32, P < 0.0001) and had numerous significant correlations with established cardiovascular disease risk factors including waist circumference (r = -0.33), apolipoprotein B (r = -0.26), systolic blood pressure (r = -0.28), and fasting serum glucose (r = -0.15); all P < 0.0025. In backward selection linear regression models of telomere length, adiposity measures were consistently retained in the best models; BMI, waist circumference, hip circumference, total body fat, and visceral adipose tissue volume were all inversely associated with telomere length at the nominal P < 0.05 level or lower, independent of age, sex, systolic blood pressure, and fasting serum lipid, lipoprotein, and glucose concentrations. The negative association of BMI with telomere length was stronger among younger than older participants (P for interaction, 0.03). CONCLUSIONS Individuals with higher total and abdominal adiposity have lower telomere length, a marker of cellular senescence, suggesting obesity may hasten the aging process. Longitudinal studies are required to establish the causal association of early life adiposity with biological aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miryoung Lee
- Lifespan Health Research Center, Wright State University, Dayton, Ohio 45420, USA
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Maeda T, Oyama JI, Sasaki M, Arima T, Makino N. The correlation between the clinical laboratory data and the telomere length in peripheral blood leukocytes of Japanese female patients with hypertension. J Nutr Health Aging 2011; 15:240-4. [PMID: 21369674 DOI: 10.1007/s12603-010-0137-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study investigated the correlation between the chronological age, telomere length in peripheral blood leukocytes and blood laboratory data of female patients with mild hypertension to identify laboratory data that reflect the biological aging of individuals. DESIGN Cross-sectional population-based study. SETTING Outpatient clinic of the Department of Cardiovascular, Respiratory, and Geriatric Medicine Kyushu University Hospital at Beppu in Japan. PARTICIPANTS Outpatients with mild hypertension treated with a low dose of amlodipine. MEASUREMENTS The laboratory data of female patients were collected and the telomere length parameters in their peripheral blood leukocytes were determined by Southern blotting. Any correlations between the laboratory data and the telomere length parameters were assessed. RESULTS The patients showed a positive correlation between the telomere length and the high density lipoprotein, albumin, creatinine, hemoglobin levels, red blood cell counts, and a negative correlation with the globulin level. The extent of subtelomeric methylation of long telomeres tended to correlate negatively with the telomeric attrition. Only the creatinine level correlated with subtelomeric methylation, but not with telomeric length. CONCLUSION HDL and the albumin/globulin ratio were potential indicators for individual somatic genomic aging. Creatinine may therefore be a useful indicator for a predisposition for telomeric attrition.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Maeda
- The Division of Molecular and Clinical Gerontology, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Oita, 874-0838, Japan.
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Maeda T, Oyama JI, Higuchi Y, Koyanagi M, Sasaki M, Arima T, Mimori K, Makino N. The correlation between clinical laboratory data and telomeric status of male patients with metabolic disorders and no clinical history of vascular events. Aging Male 2011; 14:21-6. [PMID: 20670100 DOI: 10.3109/13685538.2010.502270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The telomere length and subtelomeric methylated status of peripheral blood leukocytes has been reported to be correlated with many kinds of pathophysiological conditions. However, the correlation between the telomeric parameters and clinical laboratory data in metabolic disorders is not well known. This study investigated the correlation between the telomere length and subtelomeric methylated status in peripheral leukocytes and the laboratory data of male outpatients with combined metabolic disorders and no clinical history of cardiovascular or cerebrovascular event were assessed, to find good clinical laboratory markers reflecting the biological aging. The laboratory data were collected in 26 Japanese male outpatients with diabetes mellitus and hyperlipidemia, and no history of cardiovascular or cerebrovascular event, and the telomeric parameters in their peripheral leukocytes were determined by Southern blot with methylation-sensitive and insensitive isoschizomers. Any correlations between the laboratory data and the telomeric parameters were assessed. The patients showed a significant negative correlation among the bilirubin and creatine phosphokinase with the aging-associate change of the telomeric and subtelomeric parameters. Lowered serum bilirubin and creatinine phosphokinase level correlated to genomic aging represented by telomere attrition of patients with metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toyoki Maeda
- The Division of Molecular and Clinical Gerontology, The Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Beppu, Oita, 874-0838, Japan.
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79
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Maeda T, Makino N. [Correlations between clinical laboratory data and telomere length in the leukocytes of patients with hypertension]. Nihon Ronen Igakkai Zasshi 2011; 47:573-7. [PMID: 21301156 DOI: 10.3143/geriatrics.47.573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
AIM We investigated the correlation between age, telomere length of peripheral blood leukocytes and blood laboratory data of women with mild hypertension, to identify laboratory data that may reflect the biological aging process of individuals. METHODS The subjects were women with mild hypertension who were being treated with a low dose of amlodipine and who regularly visited the outpatient clinic of the Department of Cardiovascular, Respiratory, and Geriatric Medicine at Kyushu University Hospital. The laboratory data of patients were collected and the telomere length parameters in their peripheral blood leukocytes were determined by Southern blotting. We assessed the laboratory data and the telomere length parameters to determine any correlations. RESULTS The telomere length of the patients correlated positively with high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, albumin, hemoglobin levels and red blood cell counts, but negatively with globulin levels. CONCLUSION Among the analyzed laboratory data, the albumin/globulin rates were the best candidate indicators for individual somatic genomic aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toyoki Maeda
- The Division of Molecular and Clinical Gerontology, The Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, The Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University
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80
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Nzietchueng R, Elfarra M, Nloga J, Labat C, Carteaux JP, Maureira P, Lacolley P, Villemot JP, Benetos A. Telomere length in vascular tissues from patients with atherosclerotic disease. J Nutr Health Aging 2011; 15:153-6. [PMID: 21365170 DOI: 10.1007/s12603-011-0029-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The present study was aimed at evaluating telomere length in blood and in different vascular tissues with or without atheroma, in 3 groups of subjects: a group of atherosclerotic subjects who underwent surgery (Atherosclerosis-Surgery), a second group of subjects with asymptomatic atherosclerotic carotid plaques but who did not undergo cardiovascular surgery (Atherosclerosis-No surgery), and a third group of subjects without atherosclerotic disease (Controls). The main objective was to determine if there is in vivo regulation of telomere length in situ by atherosclerotic lesions. METHODS A total of 84 subjects (mean age 69 ± 8 years) were studied. Blood and arterial tissue telomere lengths were determined by Southern blotting. Personal medical history (diabetes, hypertension, cardiovascular disease, dyslipidemia), family medical history, drug intake, and lifestyle were evaluated in the entire population through the use of a questionnaire. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION Arterial segments which did not develop atherosclerosis such as the saphenous vein and internal mammary artery, had longer telomere length than aortic segments. On the other hand, telomere length was shorter in aortic tissues which presented atherosclerotic lesions compared to corresponding tissues without atherosclerotic lesions. These results also suggest tissue regulation of telomere size by local factors likely related to oxidative stress responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Nzietchueng
- Inserm U961, Faculty of Medicine, Nancy University, Vandoeuvre les Nancy, France
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81
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Yegorov YE, Zelenin AV. Racing for cell immortality, telomeres, telomerase, and the measure of health. Russ J Dev Biol 2011. [DOI: 10.1134/s1062360411010061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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82
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Yan J, Yang Y, Chen C, Peng J, Ding H, Wen Wang D. Short leukocyte telomere length is associated with aortic dissection. Intern Med 2011; 50:2871-5. [PMID: 22129501 DOI: 10.2169/internalmedicine.50.5958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aortic dissection is an age-related and lethal vascular disease. Aging, which is associated with degeneration, is the major risk factor of aortic dissection. Telomeres are specialized DNA structures located at the end of eukaryotic chromosomes, the telomere length could be considered as an index of vascular aging. The purpose of present study was undertaken to investigate the relationship between the leukocyte telomere length and aortic dissection. METHODS AND RESULTS Seventy-two patients with aortic dissection and seventy-two sex- and age-matched subjects without vascular diseases were collected. Leukocyte telomere length ratio (T/S ratio) was measured using a quantitative PCR method and analyzed. A significantly shorter leukocyte telomere length in the patients with aortic dissection was found compared to the controls, [median 1.02 (interquartile range {IQR}:0.83-1.37) vs median 1.63 [IQR: 1.18-2.51), p<0.001]. The telomere length in the control group showed a trend of inverse correlation with age (r=-0.226, p=0.056), however, there was no significant correlation in aortic dissection (r=0.062, p=0.607). The short leukocyte telomere length was associated with aortic dissection, even after adjustment for other risk factor (OR=0.214, 95% CI: 0.085-0.537). CONCLUSION Leukocyte telomere length could be an independent predictor of aortic dissection. Measurement of the leukocyte telomere length may be valuable for patients with a high risk of aortic dissection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangtao Yan
- The Institute of Hypertension and Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, China
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83
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Maeda T, Oyama JI, Higuchi Y, Arima T, Mimori K, Makino N. The correlation between the telomeric parameters and the clinical laboratory data in the patients with brain infarct and metabolic disorders. J Nutr Health Aging 2010; 14:793-7. [PMID: 21085912 DOI: 10.1007/s12603-010-0136-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To elucidate the correlation between the telomere length and subtelomeric methylated status in peripheral leukocytes and the laboratory data of inpatients with brain infarction and metabolic disorders. This is the first report describing a link between routine clinical laboratory data and genomic aging. DESIGN Cross-sectional population-based study. SETTING Chronic disease ward of Kyushu University Hospital at Beppu in Japan. PARTICIPANTS Inpatients with brain infarction and metabolic disorders. MEASUREMENTS The laboratory data of male patients were collected and the telomeric parameters in their peripheral leukocytes were determined by a Southern blot analysis with methylation-sensitive and insensitive isoschizomers. Any correlations between the laboratory data and the telomeric parameters were assessed. RESULTS The patients revealed a significant correlation among the fasting blood sugar, HbA1c, serum creatinine and urea nitrogen levels with the mean telomere length, expression of long telomeres ( > 9.4 kb), or the subtelomeric hypermethylation status of long telomeres. CONCLUSION Our results suggested that the hyperglycemia and renal function of patients with metabolic disorders correlated positively with the aging-associated telomeric changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Maeda
- Division of Molecular and Clinical Gerontology, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Oita, Japan.
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84
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Mild hyperoxia limits hTR levels, telomerase activity, and telomere length maintenance in hTERT-transduced bone marrow endothelial cells. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2010; 1803:1142-53. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2010.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2009] [Revised: 06/28/2010] [Accepted: 06/28/2010] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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85
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Changes in cell mass in atherosclerosis represent changes in cell division, cell death and migration/emigration, all of which may be occurring simultaneously in different cell types at different times and in different regions of the plaque. This makes measurement of these individual processes and measurement of overall cell kinetics in atherosclerosis difficult, with the challenges and shortfalls only recently becoming apparent. This review will outline the problems associated with assaying cell proliferation and cell death, and how these processes relate to changes in overall cell kinetics and measurement of biological age. RECENT FINDINGS Cell division and cell death have historically been assayed as frequencies of specific processes, with at times ill-defined and nonspecific markers. More recent studies have moved towards cumulative assays that can measure overall rates over time, resulting in a 'biological' age or replication history of a tissue or cell. SUMMARY The complexity of processes involved in assaying changes in cell kinetics in atherosclerosis mean that we must move towards cumulative assays of cell proliferation, cell death and senescence that can be measured in the time frames over which atherosclerosis occurs, and for studies that selectively manipulate one of these processes in a single-cell type without affecting other processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin R Bennett
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Box 110, Addenbrooke's Centre for Clinical Investigation, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge CB22QQ, UK.
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86
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Butt H, Atturu G, London N, Sayers R, Bown M. Telomere Length Dynamics in Vascular Disease: A Review. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg 2010; 40:17-26. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejvs.2010.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2010] [Accepted: 04/26/2010] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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87
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Maeda T, Oyama JI, Higuchi Y, Nishiyama Y, Kudo Y, Yamori T, Nakazono T, Arima T, Mimori K, Makino N. The physical ability of Japanese female elderly with cerebrovascular disease correlates with the telomere length and subtelomeric methylation status in their peripheral blood leukocytes. Gerontology 2010; 57:137-43. [PMID: 20453489 DOI: 10.1159/000314633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2010] [Accepted: 02/18/2010] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The telomere length and subtelomeric methylated status of peripheral blood leukocytes have been reported to be correlated with many kinds of pathophysiological conditions. However, the correlation between the telomeric parameters and patients' physical ability is not known. OBJECTIVE This study aims to study how telomeric parameters, including telomere length and the subtelomeric methylation status of peripheral blood leukocytes, are associated with the physical inability of patients with cerebrovascular disease and its improvement by inpatient rehabilitation. METHODS The physical ability of female patients with cerebrovascular disease admitted in the chronic disease ward of Kyushu University Hospital was assessed using the Barthel index, and the telomeric parameters in their peripheral blood leukocytes were determined by Southern blotting with methylation-sensitive and -insensitive isoschizomers. RESULTS The patients revealed a significant correlation between Barthel score and the mean telomere length and expression of long telomeres (> 9.4 kb). Improvement of the Barthel index of patients during admission was correlated not to telomere length, but to subtelomeric hypermethylation of long telomeres. CONCLUSIONS The physical ability of patients was positively correlated with the lengths of their somatic telomeres, and the recovery potential of physical ability was associated with the subtelomeric hypermethylated status stabilizing long telomeric structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toyoki Maeda
- Division of Molecular and Clinical Gerontology, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Kyushu University, Oita, Japan.
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88
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Atturu G, Brouilette S, Samani N, London N, Sayers R, Bown M. Short Leukocyte Telomere Length is Associated with Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm (AAA). Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg 2010; 39:559-64. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejvs.2010.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2009] [Accepted: 01/18/2010] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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89
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Zhang D, Cheng L, Craig DW, Redman M, Liu C. Cerebellar telomere length and psychiatric disorders. Behav Genet 2010; 40:250-4. [PMID: 20127402 DOI: 10.1007/s10519-010-9338-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2009] [Accepted: 01/18/2010] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
We tested whether telomere length is altered in the brains of patients diagnosed with major depression (MD), bipolar disorder (BD) and schizophrenia (SZ) by measuring mean telomere length (mTL) with real-time PCR. The samples are cerebellar gray matter from 46 SZ, 46 BP, and 15 MD patients, and 48 healthy controls. We found no difference in mTL between SZ and controls, BD and controls, MD and controls, or all cases and controls; no correlation between mTL and age was observed, either. This suggests that brain gray matter is unlikely to be related to the telomere length shortening reported in blood of psychiatric patients. White matter deserves further investigation as it has been reported to have a different mTL dynamic from gray matter. Since mTL has been reported to be a heritable quantitative trait, we also carried out genome-wide mapping of genetic factors for mTL, treating mTL as a quantitative trait. No association survived correction of multiple testing for the number of SNPs studied. The previously reported rs2630578 (BICD1) association was not replicated. This suggests that telomere length of cerebellar gray matter is determined by multiple loci with "weak effects."
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Affiliation(s)
- Dandan Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
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90
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Marín-García J. Basic Mechanisms Mediating Cardiomyopathy and Heart Failure in Aging. HEART FAILURE 2010. [PMCID: PMC7121883 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-60761-147-9_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Biological aging represents the major risk factor for the development of heart failure (HF), malignancies, and neurodegenerative diseases. While risk factors such as lifestyle patterns, genetic traits, blood lipid levels, and diabetes can contribute to its development, advancing age remains the most determinant predictor of cardiac disease. Several parameters of left ventricular function may be affected with aging, including increased duration of systole, decreased sympathetic stimulation, and increased left ventricle ejection time, while compliance decreases. In addition, changes in cardiac phenotype with diastolic dysfunction, reduced contractility, left ventricular hypertrophy, and HF, all increase in incidence with age. Given the limited capacity that the heart has for regeneration, reversing or slowing the progression of these abnormalities poses a major challenge. In this chapter, we present a discussion on the molecular and cellular mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of cardiomyopathies and HF in aging and the potential involvement of specific genes identified as primary mediators of these diseases.
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Luyckx VA, Compston CA, Simmen T, Mueller TF. Accelerated senescence in kidneys of low-birth-weight rats after catch-up growth. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2009; 297:F1697-705. [PMID: 19828676 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00462.2009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Epidemiological studies show a strong association between low birth weight and hypertension, renal, and cardiovascular disease, especially after catch-up growth. Senescence is an important contributor to the progression of chronic disease. Developmentally programmed premature senescence may be a link among low birth weight, catch-up growth, and adult disease. Low birth weight was induced by feeding pregnant rats a low-protein diet from day 12 of gestation to 10 days postdelivery. Low- and normal-birth-weight male offspring were weaned onto regular or high-calorie diets to enhance catch-up growth. Kidneys and hearts of offspring were analyzed for RNA and protein markers of stress-induced senescence (p16, p21, p53, Rb). Markers of mitochondrial stress (p66Shc) and activation of endoplasmic reticulum protein secretion (Ero1alpha) were analyzed as regulators of reactive oxygen species generation. Reactive oxygen species are known to be associated with premature aging. Senescence markers were not different in low- or normal-birth-weight kidneys at birth. During rapid catch-up growth, p16 and p21 increased significantly in low-birth-weight kidneys and hearts (P < 0.01). Renal p16 levels increased progressively and were significantly higher in low-birth-weight kidneys at 3 and 6 mo (P < or = 0.02). Renal p66Shc and Ero1alpha were significantly higher in low- compared with normal- birth-weight kidneys at 6 mo, suggesting reactive oxygen species generation (P < or = 0.03). Low-birth-weight rats exhibit accelerated senescence in kidneys and hearts after rapid catch-up growth, a likely important link between early growth and subsequent hypertension, renal, and cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valerie A Luyckx
- Division of Nephrology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.
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92
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Scrutinio D, Temporelli PL, Passantino A, Giannuzzi P. Long-term secondary prevention programs after cardiac rehabilitation for the reduction of future cardiovascular events: focus on regular physical activity. Future Cardiol 2009; 5:297-314. [DOI: 10.2217/fca.09.12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiac rehabilitation/secondary prevention programs are recognized as integral to the comprehensive care of patients with coronary heart disease, and as such are recommended in most contemporary clinical practice guidelines. The interventions are aimed at reducing disability, optimizing cardiovascular risk reduction by drug therapy and promoting healthy behavior. Healthy lifestyle habits must be recognized as capable of substantially reducing the risk for cardiovascular events in patients with coronary heart disease. This review highlights the recommended components of cardiac rehabilitation/secondary prevention programs, with special emphasis on regular physical activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Domenico Scrutinio
- Fondazione ‘S. Maugeri’, IRCCS, Istituto di Cassano Murge, 70020 Cassano Murge (Bari), Italy
| | - Pier Luigi Temporelli
- ‘Salvatore Maugeri’ Foundation, IRCCS, Department of Cardiac Rehabilitation, Scientific Institutes of Veruno (NO), Italy
| | - Andrea Passantino
- Fondazione ‘S. Maugeri’, IRCCS, Istituto di Cassano Murge, 70020 Cassano Murge (Bari), Italy
| | - Pantaleo Giannuzzi
- ‘Salvatore Maugeri’ Foundation, IRCCS, Department of Cardiac Rehabilitation, Scientific Institutes of Veruno (NO), Italy
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93
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Kaplan RC, Fitzpatrick AL, Pollak MN, Gardner JP, Jenny NS, McGinn AP, Kuller LH, Strickler HD, Kimura M, Psaty BM, Aviv A. Insulin-like growth factors and leukocyte telomere length: the cardiovascular health study. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2009; 64:1103-6. [PMID: 19349587 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glp036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The insulin-like growth factor (IGF) axis may affect immune cell replicative potential and telomere dynamics. Among 551 adults 65 years and older, leukocyte telomere length (LTL), insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), and insulin-like growth factor-binding proteins 1 and 3 (IGFBP-1, IGFBP-3) were measured. Multivariate linear regression was used to model the association of LTL with IGF-1 and IGFBPs, while controlling for confounding and increasing precision by adjusting for covariates. We observed a significant association between higher IGF-1 and longer LTL after adjustment for age, sex, race, smoking status, body mass index, hypertension, diabetes, and serum lipids. The results suggested an increase of .08 kb in LTL for each standard deviation increase of IGF-1 (p = .04). IGFBP-1 and IGFBP-3 were not significantly associated with LTL. High IGF-1 may be an independent predictor of longer LTL, consistent with prior evidence suggesting a role for IGF-1 in mechanisms relating to telomere maintenance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert C Kaplan
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA.
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94
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Maeda T, Guan JZ, Oyama JI, Higuchi Y, Makino N. Age-related changes in subtelomeric methylation in the normal Japanese population. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2009; 64:426-34. [PMID: 19223605 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/gln057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The telomeres of somatic cells become shorter with individual aging. However, no significant change in subtelomeric methylation of somatic cells with aging has yet been reported. METHODS Telomere lengths of the peripheral blood cells of 148 normal Japanese were analyzed by Southern blotting using methylation-sensitive and -insensitive isoschizomers. RESULTS With aging, long telomeres decrease and short telomeres increase, and the contents of the telomeres with methylated subtelomere increase in long telomeres, thus leading us to postulate that telomeres with less methylated subtelomeres tend to become shortened faster. CONCLUSIONS A telomere length distribution analysis with methylation-sensitive and -insensitive isoschizomer seems to be a useful tool to assess the subtelomeric methylation status of the somatic cell population. The subtelomeric methylation of peripheral blood cells is also indicated to be an indicator for aging-associated genomic changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toyoki Maeda
- Division of Molecular and Clinical Gerontology, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, 4546 Tsurumihara, Beppu, Oita 874-0838, Japan.
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95
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Erusalimsky JD. Vascular endothelial senescence: from mechanisms to pathophysiology. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2008; 106:326-32. [PMID: 19036896 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.91353.2008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 296] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Most mitotically competent mammalian cell types can react to stress by undergoing a phenotypically distinctive and permanent form of growth arrest called "cellular senescence." This response has been extensively characterized in cell culture and more recently it has been found to occur also in vivo in a number of tissues. In this review I will present the case for the occurrence of senescence in the vascular endothelium. I will also discuss the mechanisms and factors that modulate endothelial cell replicative capacity and the onset of senescence. Finally, I will examine the senescent phenotype and its possible consequences for the development and progression of vascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge D Erusalimsky
- Cardiff School of Health Sciences, University of Wales Institute, Cardiff CF5 2YB, UK.
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96
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Abstract
When endothelial cells from different vascular beds are grown in culture they show a limited capacity to divide, eventually entering into a permanent and phenotypically distinctive non-dividing state referred to as 'replicative senescence'. Replicative senescence is thought to result from progressive shortening of telomeric DNA and consequent telomere dysfunction. More recently, it has been realised that senescence can also be induced by a variety of insults, including those causing intracellular oxidative stress. In this report, we review evidence for the occurrence of endothelial cell senescence in vivo. We will also examine the causes, mechanisms and regulation of this process as they emerge from our studies in cell culture, focusing in particular on the roles of oxidative stress, telomerase, growth factors and nitric oxide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge D Erusalimsky
- Cardiff School of Health Sciences, University of Wales Institute Cardiff, Western Avenue, Cardiff CF52YB, UK.
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97
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Andreassi MG. DNA damage, vascular senescence and atherosclerosis. J Mol Med (Berl) 2008; 86:1033-43. [DOI: 10.1007/s00109-008-0358-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2008] [Revised: 03/07/2008] [Accepted: 03/31/2008] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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98
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Wilson WRW, Herbert KE, Mistry Y, Stevens SE, Patel HR, Hastings RA, Thompson MM, Williams B. Blood leucocyte telomere DNA content predicts vascular telomere DNA content in humans with and without vascular disease. Eur Heart J 2008; 29:2689-94. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehn386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
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99
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Simm A, Nass N, Bartling B, Hofmann B, Silber RE, Navarrete Santos A. Potential biomarkers of ageing. Biol Chem 2008; 389:257-65. [PMID: 18208349 DOI: 10.1515/bc.2008.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Life span in individual humans is very heterogeneous.Thus, the ageing rate, measured as the decline of functional capacity and stress resistance, is different in every individual. There have been attempts made to analyse this individual age, the so-called biological age, in comparison to chronological age. Biomarkers of ageing should help to characterise this biological age and, as age is a major risk factor in many degenerative diseases,could be subsequently used to identify individuals at high risk of developing age-associated diseases or disabilities. Markers based on oxidative stress, protein glycation,inflammation, cellular senescence and hormonal deregulation are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Simm
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Martin LutherUniversity Halle-Wittenberg, Ernst-Grube Str. 40,D-06120 Halle, Germany.
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Jeyapalan JC, Sedivy JM. Cellular senescence and organismal aging. Mech Ageing Dev 2008; 129:467-74. [PMID: 18502472 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2008.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 256] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2007] [Revised: 03/27/2008] [Accepted: 04/06/2008] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Cellular senescence, first observed and defined using in vitro cell culture studies, is an irreversible cell cycle arrest which can be triggered by a variety of factors. Emerging evidence suggests that cellular senescence acts as an in vivo tumor suppression mechanism by limiting aberrant proliferation. It has also been postulated that cellular senescence can occur independently of cancer and contribute to the physiological processes of normal organismal aging. Recent data have demonstrated the in vivo accumulation of senescent cells with advancing age. Some characteristics of senescent cells, such as the ability to modify their extracellular environment, could play a role in aging and age-related pathology. In this review, we examine current evidence that links cellular senescence and organismal aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessie C Jeyapalan
- Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA
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