51
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Bunešová V, Vlková E, Killer J, Rada V, Ročková Š. Identification of Bifidobacterium strains from faeces of lambs. Small Rumin Res 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2011.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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52
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Rockova S, Rada V, Nevoral J, Marsik P, Vlkova E, Bunesova V. Inter-species differences in the growth of bifidobacteria cultured on human milk oligosaccharides. Folia Microbiol (Praha) 2012; 57:321-4. [PMID: 22491988 DOI: 10.1007/s12223-012-0134-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2011] [Accepted: 01/04/2012] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Human milk (HM) contains as the third most abundant component around 200 different structures of human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs). HMOs are the first and irreplaceable prebiotics for infants, supporting bifidobacteria as the most important bacterial group in an infant intestine. The aim of our study was to test the growth of bifidobacteria in HM and on HMOs. Bifidobacteria were isolated from two groups of infants. The first one (eight strains) were isolated from infants who had bifidobacteria in their feces but, after a short period of time (4 to 24 days), bifidobacteria were no longer detected in their feces (disappeared bifidobacteria [DB]). The second group of bifidobacteria (eight strains) originated from infants with continual presence of bifidobacteria in their feces (persistent bifidobacteria [PB]). There were significant differences (p < 0.05) between DB and PB groups in the ability of the strains to grow in HM. PB grew in HM, reaching counts higher than 7 log CFU/ml. In contrast, counts of DB decreased from 5 to 4.3 log CFU/ml after cultivation in HM. The final pH after cultivation of bifidobacteria on HMOs was 6.2 and 4.9 in DP and PB groups, respectively. In general, Bifidobacterium bifidum and B. breve species were able to utilize HMOs, while B. adolescentis and B. longum subsp. longum species did not. The ability to grow in HM and to utilize HMOs seem to be important properties of bifidobacteria which are able to colonize infant intestinal tract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarka Rockova
- Department of Microbiology, Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Agrobiology Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences, Kamycka 129, Prague 6, 165 21, Czech Republic
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53
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Occurrence of bifidobacteria and lactobacilli in digestive tract of some freshwater fishes. Biologia (Bratisl) 2012. [DOI: 10.2478/s11756-012-0017-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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54
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Rockova S, Rada V, Marsik P, Vlkova E, Bunesova V, Sklenar J, Splichal I. Growth of bifidobacteria and clostridia on human and cow milk saccharides. Anaerobe 2011; 17:223-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anaerobe.2011.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2011] [Revised: 07/08/2011] [Accepted: 07/26/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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55
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Albesharat R, Ehrmann MA, Korakli M, Yazaji S, Vogel RF. Phenotypic and genotypic analyses of lactic acid bacteria in local fermented food, breast milk and faeces of mothers and their babies. Syst Appl Microbiol 2011; 34:148-55. [PMID: 21300508 DOI: 10.1016/j.syapm.2010.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2010] [Revised: 12/20/2010] [Accepted: 12/21/2010] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) are generally accepted as beneficial to the host and their presence is directly influenced by ingestion of fermented food or probiotics. While the intestinal lactic microbiota is well-described knowledge on its routes of inoculation and competitiveness towards selective pressure shaping the intestinal microbiota is limited. In this study, LAB were isolated from faecal samples of breast feeding mothers living in Syria, from faeces of their infants, from breast milk as well as from fermented food, typically consumed in Syria. A total of 700 isolates were characterized by genetic fingerprinting with random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) and identified by comparative 16S rDNA sequencing and Matrix Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization-Time-Of-Flight Mass Spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS) analyses. Thirty six different species of Lactobacillus, Enterococcus, Streptococcus, Weissella and Pediococcus were identified. RAPD and MALDI-TOF-MS patterns allowed comparison of the lactic microbiota on species and strain level. Whereas some species were unique for one source, Lactobacillus plantarum, Lactobacillus fermentum, Pediococcus pentosaceus and Lactobacillus brevis were found in all sources. Interestingly, identical RAPD genotypes of L. plantarum, L. fermentum, L. brevis, Enterococcus faecium, Enterococcus faecalis and P. pentosaceus were found in the faeces of mothers, her milk and in faeces of her babies. Diversity of RAPD types found in food versus human samples suggests the importance of host factors in colonization and individual host specificity, and support the hypothesis that there is a vertical transfer of intestinal LAB from the mother's gut to her milk and through the milk to the infant's gut.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rima Albesharat
- Lehrstuhl für Technische Mikrobiologie, Technische Universität München, Weihenstephaner Steig 16, 85350 Freising, Germany
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56
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Vael C, Verhulst SL, Nelen V, Goossens H, Desager KN. Intestinal microflora and body mass index during the first three years of life: an observational study. Gut Pathog 2011; 3:8. [PMID: 21605455 PMCID: PMC3118227 DOI: 10.1186/1757-4749-3-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2011] [Accepted: 05/23/2011] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Recent research on obesity has demonstrated that the intestinal microflora can have an important influence on host energy balance. The aim of the study was to investigate the relationship between the intestinal microflora and the body mass index in the first 3 years of life. Results In a prospective study, a faecal sample from 138 infants was taken at the age of 3, 26 and 52 weeks and cultured on selective media for 6 bacterial genera. Between the age of 1 and 3 years the Body Mass Index Standard Deviation Score (BMI SDS) of these children was determined. The association between the intestinal flora and BMI SDS was assessed for each bacterial genus. A positive correlation was found between the Bacteroides fragilis concentration and the BMI SDS at the age of 3 and 26 weeks. The Staphylococcus concentration showed a negative correlation with the BMI SDS at the age of 3 and 52 weeks. A low intestinal ratio of Staphylococcus/Bacteroides fragilis at the age of 3 weeks, corresponding to a low Staphylococcus and a high Bacteroides fragilis concentration, was associated with a higher BMI SDS during the first three years of life. Conclusion High intestinal Bacteroides fragilis and low Staphylococcus concentrations in infants between the age of 3 weeks and 1 year were associated with a higher risk of obesity later in life. This study could provide new targets for a better and more effective modulation of the intestinal microflora in infants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carl Vael
- Department of Microbiology, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Stijn L Verhulst
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Vera Nelen
- Department of Health, Provincial Institute for Hygiene, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Herman Goossens
- Department of Microbiology, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
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57
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Ripamonti B, Agazzi A, Bersani C, De Dea P, Pecorini C, Pirani S, Rebucci R, Savoini G, Stella S, Stenico A, Tirloni E, Domeneghini C. Screening of species-specific lactic acid bacteria for veal calves multi-strain probiotic adjuncts. Anaerobe 2011; 17:97-105. [PMID: 21619939 DOI: 10.1016/j.anaerobe.2011.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2011] [Revised: 04/20/2011] [Accepted: 05/11/2011] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The selection of promising specific species of lactic acid bacteria with potential probiotic characteristics is of particular interest in producing multi species-specific probiotic adjuncts in veal calves rearing. The aim of the present work was to select and evaluate in vitro the functional activity of lactic acid bacteria, Bifidobacterium longum and Bacillus coagulans strains isolated from veal calves in order to assess their potential use as multi species-specific probiotics for veal calves. For this purpose, bacterial strains isolated from faeces collected from 40 healthy 50-day-calves, were identified by RiboPrinter and 16s rRNA gene sequence. The most frequent strains belonged to the species B. longum, Streptococcus bovis, Lactobacillus animalis and Streptococcus macedonicus. Among these, 7 strains were chosen for testing their probiotic characteristics in vitro. Three strains, namely L. animalis SB310, Lactobacillus paracasei subsp. paracasei SB137 and B. coagulans SB117 showed varying individual but promising capabilities to survive in the gastrointestinal tract, to adhere, to produce antimicrobial compounds. These three selected species-specific bacteria demonstrated in vitro, both singularly and mixed, the functional properties needed for their use as potential probiotics in veal calves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Ripamonti
- Università degli Studi di Milano, Department of Veterinary Science and Technology for Food Safety, Milan, Italy
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58
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Haskå L, Andersson R, Nyman M. The effect of dietary fiber from wheat processing streams on the formation of carboxylic acids and microbiota in the hindgut of rats. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2011; 59:3406-3413. [PMID: 21391670 DOI: 10.1021/jf104380f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Colonic fermentation of dietary fiber produces carboxylic acids and may stimulate the growth of beneficial bacteria. This study investigated how byproducts of wheat processing (distillers' grains and two fractions from the wet fractionation to starch and gluten, one of which was treated with xylanase) affect the composition of the cecal microbiota and the formation of carboxylic acids in rats. Differences were mostly found between diets based on supernatants and pellets, rather than between fiber sources. Cecal pools and levels of most carboxylic acids in portal blood were higher for rats fed the supernatant diets, while cecal pH and ratios of acetic to propionic acid in portal blood were lower. The diet based on supernatant from distillers' grains gave the highest level of bifidobacteria. Molecular weight and solubility are easier to modify with technological processes, which provides an opportunity to optimize these properties in the development of health products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Haskå
- Applied Nutrition and Food Chemistry, Department of Food Technology, Engineering and Nutrition, Lund University, P.O. Box 124, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden.
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59
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Splichalova A, Trebichavsky I, Rada V, Vlkova E, Sonnenborn U, Splichal I. Interference of Bifidobacterium choerinum or Escherichia coli Nissle 1917 with Salmonella Typhimurium in gnotobiotic piglets correlates with cytokine patterns in blood and intestine. Clin Exp Immunol 2010; 163:242-9. [PMID: 21155989 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2249.2010.04283.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The colonization, translocation and protective effect of two intestinal bacteria - PR4 (pig commensal strain of Bifidobacterium choerinum) or EcN (probiotic Escherichia coli strain Nissle 1917) - against subsequent infection with a virulent LT2 strain of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium were studied in gnotobiotic pigs after oral association. The clinical state of experimental animals correlated with bacterial translocation and levels of inflammatory cytokines [a chemokine, interleukin (IL)-8, a proinflammatory cytokine, tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α and an anti-inflammatory cytokine, IL-10] in plasma and intestinal lavages. Gnotobiotic pigs orally mono-associated with either PR4 or EcN thrived, and bacteria were not found in their blood. No significant inflammatory cytokine response was observed. Mono-association with Salmonella caused devastating septicaemia characterized by high levels of IL-10 and TNF-α in plasma and TNF-α in the intestine. Di-associated gnotobiotic pigs were given PR4 or EcN for 24 h. Subsequently, they were infected orally with Salmonella and euthanized 24 h later. Pigs associated with bifidobacteria before Salmonella infection suffered from severe systemic infection and mounted similar cytokine responses as pigs infected with Salmonella alone. In contrast, EcN interfered with translocation of Salmonella into mesenteric lymph nodes and systemic circulation. Pigs pre-associated with EcN thrived and their clinical condition correlated with the absence of IL-10 in their plasma and a decrease of TNF-α in plasma and ileum.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Splichalova
- Department of Immunology and Gnotobiology, Institute of Microbiology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Novy Hradek, Czech Republic
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60
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Bombiscardovia coagulans gen. nov., sp. nov., a new member of the family Bifidobacteriaceae isolated from the digestive tract of bumblebees. Syst Appl Microbiol 2010; 33:359-66. [DOI: 10.1016/j.syapm.2010.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2010] [Revised: 08/30/2010] [Accepted: 08/31/2010] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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61
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Dubná S, Rada V, Vlková E, Hořejšová V, Havlík J. Growth of bifidobacteria in a fermented wheat germ medium. ACTA ALIMENTARIA 2010. [DOI: 10.1556/aalim.39.2010.3.5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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62
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Propionibacterium acnes and Staphylococcus epidermidis isolated from refractory endodontic lesions are opportunistic pathogens. J Clin Microbiol 2010; 48:3859-69. [PMID: 20739494 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.01326-10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The predominant cultivable microbiota from 20 refractory endodontic lesions (9 with abscesses and 11 without abscesses) were determined, and Propionibacterium acnes and Staphylococcus epidermidis were among the most predominant organisms. The number of species identified from lesions with abscesses (14.1 ± 2.6) was significantly greater (P < 0.001) than the number from lesions without abscesses (7.4 ± 5.9). Comparison of perioral isolates using repetitive extragenic palindromic PCR of the same species from the same subjects demonstrated that the endodontic and skin populations were significantly different. The P. acnes isolates were typed on the basis of recA gene sequence comparison, and only three types (types I, II, and III) were identified among 125 isolates examined. However, we found that type I (type IA and IB) isolates were primarily isolated from the skin, while types II and III were significantly more likely to be isolated from the endodontic lesions (P < 10(-10)). We found that the robustness of the recA phylotypes was not strong by comparing the partial gene sequences of six putative virulence determinants, PAmce, PAp60, PA-25957, PA-5541, PA-21293, and PA-4687. The resulting neighbor-joining trees were incongruent, and significant (phi test; P = 2.2 × 10(-7)) evidence of recombination was demonstrated, with significant phylogenetic heterogeneity being apparent within the clusters. P. acnes and S. epidermidis isolated from refractory endodontic infections, with or without periapical abscesses, are likely to be nosocomial infections.
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63
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Grmanová M, Rada V, Sirotek K, Vlková E. Naturally occurring prebiotic oligosaccharides in poultry feed mixtures. Folia Microbiol (Praha) 2010; 55:326-8. [DOI: 10.1007/s12223-010-0050-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2010] [Revised: 04/14/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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64
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Vlková E, Grmanová M, Killer J, Mrázek J, Kopečný J, Bunešová V, Rada V. Survival of bifidobacteria administered to calves. Folia Microbiol (Praha) 2010; 55:390-2. [DOI: 10.1007/s12223-010-0066-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2010] [Revised: 04/14/2010] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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65
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Mair C, Plitzner C, Domig KJ, Schedle K, Windisch W. Impact of inulin and a multispecies probiotic formulation on performance, microbial ecology and concomitant fermentation patterns in newly weaned piglets. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2010; 94:e164-77. [PMID: 20579190 DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0396.2010.01000.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The effect of inulin and a multispecies probiotic formulation on performance and microbial parameters in a 28 days feeding trial with newly weaned piglets was assessed. Forty-eight piglets were allocated to a 2 × 2 factorial experiment involving two levels of inulin supplementation (0% or 0.4%) and two levels of probiotics (0 or 1 × 10(9) CFU/kg as fed, comprising enterococci, lactobacilli and bifidobacteria). In digesta samples obtained at slaughter (stomach, jejunum, ileum and colon), selected bacterial groups were enumerated and lactic acid, short chain fatty acids and ammonia concentrations analysed. The overall performance of piglets was unaffected by treatment. Inulin increased total aerobes in stomach and jejunum (p < 0.05), whereas enterococci declined in colon of the inulin group (p < 0.05). Furthermore decreasing colonic acetic acid (p < 0.01) and increasing lactic acid (p < 0.05) was observed for inulin. Probiotics increased total aerobes (p < 0.05) and enterococci (p < 0.01) in ileum and lactobacilli (p < 0.05), enterococci and gram-negative anaerobes (p < 0.01) in colon. Moreover, dry matter content in stomach and colon was lower and acetic acid in colon increased (p < 0.05). A decrease in ileal pH value was noted symbiotically for both additives. However, several parameters showed no synbiotic, but distinct individual effects of inulin and probiotics. Effects occurred along the entire gastrointestinal tract without restriction to the colon.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Mair
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Products, and Nutrition Physiology, BOKU-University of Natural Resources and Applied Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
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66
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Survival of bifidobacteria in adult intestinal tract. Folia Microbiol (Praha) 2010; 55:281-5. [DOI: 10.1007/s12223-010-0042-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2009] [Revised: 12/11/2009] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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67
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Mantzourani M, Gilbert S, Fenlon M, Beighton D. Non-oral bifidobacteria and the aciduric microbiota of the denture plaque biofilm. Mol Oral Microbiol 2010; 25:190-9. [DOI: 10.1111/j.2041-1014.2009.00565.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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68
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Beighton D, Al-Haboubi M, Mantzourani M, Gilbert S, Clark D, Zoitopoulos L, Gallagher J. Oral Bifidobacteria. J Dent Res 2010; 89:970-4. [DOI: 10.1177/0022034510369319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Bifidobacteria are aciduric bacteria that might play a role in the caries process. To test the hypothesis that Bifidobacteria behave as caries-associated organisms, as predicted by the ecological plaque hypothesis, we determined salivary levels of Bifidobacteria and caries-associated organisms for 156 older adults. Salivary levels of Bifidobacteria, mutans streptococci, lactobacilli, and yeasts were correlated with each other (p < 0.001), negatively correlated with salivary flow rate (p < 0.001), and positively correlated with plaque index (p < 0.05). Salivary Bifidobacteria levels were positively associated with the number of filled (p < 0.001) and decayed (p = 0.036) tooth surfaces and negatively associated with number of teeth (p < 0.001) and salivary flow rate (p = 0.049). In regression analyses, caries experience was significantly associated with only salivary Bifidobacteria (p < 0.001) and yeast (p < 0.001) levels and the individual’s age (p = 0.021). Bifidobacteria should be regarded as caries-associated organisms whose role in the caries process and as markers of caries risk requires further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- D. Beighton
- Dental Institute, King’s College London, Guy’s Hospital, London Bridge, London, UK
- Biomedical Research Centre, Guy’s and St Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust, London Bridge, London, UK
| | - M. Al-Haboubi
- Dental Institute, King’s College London, Guy’s Hospital, London Bridge, London, UK
| | - M. Mantzourani
- Dental Institute, King’s College London, Guy’s Hospital, London Bridge, London, UK
| | - S.C. Gilbert
- Biomedical Research Centre, Guy’s and St Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust, London Bridge, London, UK
| | - D. Clark
- Dental Institute, King’s College London, Guy’s Hospital, London Bridge, London, UK
| | - L. Zoitopoulos
- Dental Institute, King’s College London, Guy’s Hospital, London Bridge, London, UK
| | - J.E. Gallagher
- Dental Institute, King’s College London, Guy’s Hospital, London Bridge, London, UK
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69
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Klose V, Bruckbeck R, Henikl S, Schatzmayr G, Loibner A. Identification and antimicrobial susceptibility of porcine bacteria that inhibit the growth ofBrachyspira hyodysenteriae in vitro. J Appl Microbiol 2010; 108:1271-80. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2672.2009.04521.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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70
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Bifidobacteria in the digestive tract of bumblebees. Anaerobe 2010; 16:165-70. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anaerobe.2009.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2009] [Revised: 07/15/2009] [Accepted: 07/20/2009] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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71
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Ferraris L, Aires J, Waligora-Dupriet AJ, Butel MJ. New selective medium for selection of bifidobacteria from human feces. Anaerobe 2010; 16:469-71. [PMID: 20350609 DOI: 10.1016/j.anaerobe.2010.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2009] [Revised: 03/18/2010] [Accepted: 03/19/2010] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
This work reports an alternative selective medium for reliable and efficient isolation of human fecal bifidobacteria. It uses a base commercially available, does not need pH adjustment and can be autoclaved with its additives. It provides a useful alternative for fecal bifidobacteria isolation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurent Ferraris
- Université Paris Descartes, Faculté des Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques, 4 avenue de l'Observatoire, Paris, France.
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72
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Inhibition of Salmonella typhimurium by medium-chain fatty acids in an in vitro simulation of the porcine cecum. Vet Microbiol 2010; 141:73-80. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2009.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2009] [Revised: 07/16/2009] [Accepted: 08/03/2009] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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73
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Rada V, Splichal I, Rockova S, Grmanova M, Vlkova E. Susceptibility of bifidobacteria to lysozyme as a possible selection criterion for probiotic bifidobacterial strains. Biotechnol Lett 2009; 32:451-5. [PMID: 19943182 DOI: 10.1007/s10529-009-0170-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2009] [Revised: 11/09/2009] [Accepted: 11/09/2009] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Resistance or susceptibility of bifidobacteria to lysozyme and growth of bifidobacteria in human milk were tested. Susceptible bifidobacterial strains stopped their growth almost immediately after the addition of lysozyme (400 microg/ml), moderately susceptible strains exhibited reduced growth rate, and growth curves of resistant strains were not affected. Strains of human origin were more resistant to lysozyme than animal strains. While strains of B. bifidum grew well in human milk samples, the growth B. animalis strains was inhibited after inoculation to human milk. The resistance to lysozyme seems to be a promising criterion for the selection of new probiotic bifidobacterial strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Rada
- Department of Microbiology, Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague 6 Suchdol, Kamycka 129, 165 21, Prague, Czech Republic.
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74
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Killer J, Kopecny J, Mrazek J, Rada V, Benada O, Koppova I, Havlik J, Straka J. Bifidobacterium bombi sp. nov., from the bumblebee digestive tract. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2009; 59:2020-4. [DOI: 10.1099/ijs.0.002915-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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75
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Nevoral J, Rada V, Vlková E, Bláhová K, Bronský J, Bubáková D, Killer J. Intestinal microbiota in exclusively breast-fed infants with blood-streaked stools. Folia Microbiol (Praha) 2009; 54:167-71. [PMID: 19418257 DOI: 10.1007/s12223-009-0026-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2008] [Revised: 01/15/2009] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Intestinal microbiota in exclusively breast-fed infants with blood-streaked stools and in healthy exclusively breast-fed babies was compared. Total anaerobes, bifidobacteria, lactobacilli, coliform bacteria, enterococci and clostridia were quantified by cultivation methods in feces of 17 full-term exclusively breastfed patients (aged 16.3 +/- 7.4 weeks) with blood-streaked stools and in the control group of 22 healthy fullterm exclusively breast-fed infants (13.7 +/- 6.4 weeks). Specific fluorescence in situ hybridization kits for Bifidobacterium spp. were used for the quantitative detection of bifidobacteria in samples. Control samples had significantly (p < 0.05) higher counts of total anaerobes. Bifidobacteria were not detected in patients' samples in 65 % and in controls in 36 % (p < 0.01). Bifidobacteria counts were also significantly higher in the control group (p < 0.01). Furthermore, clostridia strains were detected only in feces from bifidobacteria-negative infants reaching counts >8 log CFU/g. Lactobacilli were not detected in 65 % patients and in 45 % control samples. However, this difference was not significant as well as the difference in lactobacilli counts. Eosinophilia was observed in 35 % of patients, low IgA concentration in 71 % and also low IgG concentration in 71 %. pANCA positivity was found in 53 % of patients. In conclusion a significant low proportion of bifidobacterial microbiota in patients with blood-streaked stools was shown in comparison with controls.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Nevoral
- Department of Pediatrics, 2nd Medical School of the Charles University in Prague and University Hospital Motol, 150 06, Prague, Czech Republic.
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76
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Mantzourani M, Fenlon M, Beighton D. Association betweenBifidobacteriaceaeand the clinical severity of root caries lesions. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009; 24:32-7. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-302x.2008.00470.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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77
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Vlková E, Rada V, Trojanová I, Killer J, Smehilová M, Molatová Z. Occurrence of bifidobacteria in faeces of calves fed milk or a combined diet. Arch Anim Nutr 2008; 62:359-65. [PMID: 18942583 DOI: 10.1080/17450390802327662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The development of faecal bacteria composition in calves fed milk or a combined diet was investigated from 4 to 21 days of age. On day 7, bifidobacteria in faeces of milk-fed calves already increased from about 7.6 to 9.2 log CFU/g and did not change until the end of the study, whereas in calves fed the combined diet bifidobacteria only moderately increased to 7.9 log CFU/g and decreased slowly until day 21. The counts of bifidobacteria in calves on a combined diet were significantly (p < 0.01) lower compared to those in milk-fed calves. Bifidobacterial counts determined by cultivation or by fluorescence in situ hybridisation (FISH) did not differ significantly. Our results showed that the occurrence of bifidobacteria in calf faeces is highly dependent on the diet composition. Faecal bacteria flora of calves fed exclusively by milk is rich in bifidobacteria, but in calves on a combined diet coliforms dominated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Vlková
- Department of Microbiology, Nutrition and Dietetics, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Czech Republic.
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78
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Verhulst SL, Vael C, Beunckens C, Nelen V, Goossens H, Desager K. A longitudinal analysis on the association between antibiotic use, intestinal microflora, and wheezing during the first year of life. J Asthma 2008; 45:828-32. [PMID: 18972304 DOI: 10.1080/02770900802339734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine the association between the intestinal flora at the age of three weeks and wheezing during the first year of life in a prospective birth cohort study. METHODS The Asthma and Allergy study is a prospective birth cohort study. A total of 154 children were recruited through maternity clinics. Selection criteria were vaginal delivery at term and uncomplicated perinatal period. Questionnaires were collected with data on the parents, including demography, smoking, and asthma. Data of the child on demographic factors, respiratory symptoms, and risk factors for asthma were collected at the ages of 3 weeks and 6 and 12 months. A fecal sample was collected at 3 weeks of age. RESULTS The frequency of wheezing averaged on 11.8%, 18.4%, and 23.5% at the three time points. In univariate analyses, increasing total concentration of anerobic bacteria were associated with increased odds of wheezing. Furthermore, several trends were observed between wheezing and Bifidobacterium and Clostridium. A final model showed a significant association between wheezing during the first year of life and antibiotic use, total concentration of anerobic bacteria, while increasing concentrations of Clostridium were protective of wheezing. CONCLUSION This study demonstrated an association between antibiotics, anerobic bacteria, and wheezing during the first year of life. The effect of antibiotics was probably due to reverse causation. Since Clostridium was protective of wheezing, other anerobic bacteria are probably responsible for the increased risk of wheezing, which remains to be demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stijn L Verhulst
- University of Antwerp, Department of Pediatrics, Wilrijk, Belgium.
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79
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Rada V, Nevoral J, Trojanová I, Tománková E, Šmehilová M, Killer J. Growth of infant faecal bifidobacteria and clostridia on prebiotic oligosaccharides in in vitro conditions. Anaerobe 2008; 14:205-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anaerobe.2008.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2008] [Revised: 04/24/2008] [Accepted: 05/08/2008] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Vael C, Nelen V, Verhulst SL, Goossens H, Desager KN. Early intestinal Bacteroides fragilis colonisation and development of asthma. BMC Pulm Med 2008; 8:19. [PMID: 18822123 PMCID: PMC2562360 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2466-8-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2008] [Accepted: 09/26/2008] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The 'hygiene hypothesis' suggests that early exposure to microbes can be protective against atopic disease. The intestinal microbial flora could operate as an important postnatal regulator of the Th1/Th2 balance. The aim of the study was to investigate the association between early intestinal colonisation and the development of asthma in the first 3 years of life. Methods In a prospective birth cohort, 117 children were classified according to the Asthma Predictive Index. A positive index included wheezing during the first three years of life combined with eczema in the child in the first years of life or with a parental history of asthma. A faecal sample was taken at the age of 3 weeks and cultured on selective media. Results Asthma Predictive Index was positive in 26/117 (22%) of the children. The prevalence of colonisation with Bacteroides fragilis was higher at 3 weeks in index+ compared to index- children (64% vs. 34% p < 0,05). Bacteroides fragilis and Total Anaerobes counts at 3 weeks were significantly higher in children with a positive index as compared with those without. After adjusting for confounders a positive association was found between Bacteroides fragilis colonisation and Asthma Predictive Index (odds ratio: 4,4; confidence interval: 1,7 – 11,8). Conclusion Bacteroides fragilis colonisation at age 3 weeks is an early indicator of possible asthma later in life. This study could provide the means for more accurate targeting of treatment and prevention and thus more effective and better controlled modulation of the microbial milieu.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carl Vael
- Department of Microbiology, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.
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81
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Transport of glucose by Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis occurs via facilitated diffusion. Appl Environ Microbiol 2008; 74:6941-8. [PMID: 18791026 DOI: 10.1128/aem.01280-08] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Two strains of Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis were indistinguishable by several nucleic acid-based techniques; however, the type strain DSMZ 10140 was glucose utilization positive, while RB 4825, an industrially employed strain, was unable to grow rapidly on glucose as the principal carbon source. This difference was attributed to the presence of a low-affinity facilitated-diffusion glucose transporter identified in DSMZ 10140 but lacking in RB 4825. Uptake of D-[U-(14)C]glucose in DSMZ 10140 was stimulated by monovalent cations (ammonium, sodium, potassium, and lithium) and inhibited by divalent cations (calcium and magnesium). When competitor carbohydrates were included in the uptake assays, stereospecific inhibition was exhibited, with greater competition by methyl-beta-glucoside than methyl-alpha-glucoside. Significant inhibition (>30%) was observed with phloretin, an inhibitor of facilitated diffusion of glucose, whereas there was no inhibition by sodium fluoride, iodoacetate, sodium arsenate, sodium azide, 2,4-dinitrophenol, monensin, or valinomycin, which typically reduce energy-driven transport. Based on kinetic analyses, the mean values for K(t) and V(max) were 14.8 +/- 3.4 mM D-glucose and 0.13 +/- 0.03 micromol glucose/min/mg cell protein, respectively. Glucose uptake by several glucose-utilizing commercial strains of B. animalis subsp. lactis was also inhibited by phloretin, indicating the presence of facilitated diffusion glucose transporters in those strains. Since DSMZ 10140 has been previously reported to lack a functional glucose phosphoenolpyruvate phosphotransferase system, the glucose transporter identified here is responsible for much of the organism's glucose uptake.
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82
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Kehoe SI, Heinrichs AJ, Baumrucker CR, Greger DL. Effects of nucleotide supplementation in milk replacer on small intestinal absorptive capacity in dairy calves. J Dairy Sci 2008; 91:2759-70. [PMID: 18565934 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2007-0751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Milk replacer was supplemented with nucleotides and fed to dairy calves from birth through weaning to examine the potential for enhancing recovery of small intestinal function after enteric infection. Three treatments of 23 calves each were fed milk replacer (10% body weight/d) supplemented with no nucleotides (C), purified nucleotides (N), or nucleotides from an extract of Saccharomyces cerevisiae (S). Average daily gain, health scores, fecal dry matter, and fecal bacteria were monitored, and blood was analyzed for packed cell volume, glucose, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), and creatinine. Calves were monitored twice daily for fecal score, and 48 h after increased fecal fluidity was recorded, intestinal function was evaluated by measuring absorption of orally administered xylose (0.5 g/kg of body weight). Packed cell volume of blood was greater for treatment N for wk 2 and 5 compared with other treatment groups. Four calves per treatment were killed, and intestinal tissue was evaluated for morphology, enzyme activities, and nucleoside transporter mRNA expression. Treatment S calves had increased abundance of nucleoside transporter mRNA, numerically longer villi, and lower alkaline phosphatase than other groups. Growth measurements and plasma concentrations of glucose, BUN, creatinine, and IgG were not different between treatments; however, BUN-to-creatinine ratio was higher for treatment N, possibly indicating decreased kidney function. There were also no treatment effects on fecal dry matter and fecal bacteria population. However, N-treated calves had the highest detrimental and lowest beneficial bacteria overall, indicating an unfavorable intestinal environment. Supplementation of purified nucleotides did not improve intestinal morphology or function and resulted in higher fecal water loss and calf dehydration. Supplementation of nucleotides derived from yeast tended to increase calf intestinal function, provide a more beneficial intestinal environment, and improve intestinal morphology.
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Affiliation(s)
- S I Kehoe
- Department of Dairy and Animal Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park 16802, USA
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83
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Isolation and identification of bifidobacteriaceae from human saliva. Appl Environ Microbiol 2008; 74:6457-60. [PMID: 18723652 DOI: 10.1128/aem.00895-08] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Bifidobacteriaceae were isolated from saliva and infected dentine by using a mupirocin-based selective medium. Of the saliva samples, 94% harbored bifids. The mean concentration (+/- the standard error) was 4.46 (+/-0.12) log(10)(CFU per ml + 1), and the predominant isolates were Bifidobacterium dentium, B. longum, Scardovia inopinata, Parascardovia denticolens, and Alloscardovia omnicolens.
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84
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Abstract
The aim was to investigate how blueberry husks and/or mixtures of probiotic strains (Lactobacillus crispatus DSM16743, L. gasseri DSM16737 and L. plantarum DSM15313 (LABmix), or Bifidobacterium infantis DSM15159 and DSM15161 (BIFmix)) affect colonic fermentation, caecal counts of lactobacilli, bifidobacteria and Enterobacteriaceae, body weight gain, and blood concentrations of carboxylic acids (CA) and ammonia in rats. Dietary fibres in blueberry husks were fermented to 61 % in colon, and the elevated faecal excretion of fibre and protein contributed to the high faecal bulking capacity (1.3). The caecal pool of CA was higher in rats fed blueberry husks than the fibre-free control (P < 0.05), and the propionic acid proportion was higher in the distal colon than in the control group (P < 0.05). Probiotics lowered the caecal amount of CA when added to blueberry husks (P < 0.001), while the propionic acid proportion was higher with LABmix (P < 0.01) than blueberry husks only. The propionic acid and butyric acid concentrations in blood were higher in rats fed blueberry husks and probiotics than those fed blueberry husks only (P < 0.01), implying that the absorption of these acids was facilitated by the bacteria. The caecal counts of lactobacilli, bifidobacteria and Enterobacteriaceae were lower in rats fed blueberry husks than the control diet (P < 0.05). The body weight gain was partly influenced by the caecal tissue and contents weights, and BIFmix decreased the ammonia concentration in blood (P < 0.05). We conclude that colonic fermentation is differentially affected by dietary fibre and probiotics, which may be of importance when developing foods with certain health effects.
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85
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Comparison of intestinal microflora in healthy infants and infants with allergic colitis. Folia Microbiol (Praha) 2008; 53:255-8. [PMID: 18661304 DOI: 10.1007/s12223-008-0038-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2007] [Revised: 01/17/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Twenty-eight exclusively breast-fed healthy infants and 16 infants also exclusively breast-fed with allergic colitis (aged 85 +/- 60 and 98 +/- 58 d, respectively) were screened for differences in fecal flora. Bifidobacteria were detected in 23 healthy infants and only in 4 fecal samples of infants with allergic colitis. All bifidobacteria-free infants possessed Gram-positive regular rods as a major group of their fecal flora. These bacteria were identified as clostridia using genus-specific FISH probe. Infants with allergy colitis possessed significantly lower counts of bifidobacteria and total anaerobes and significantly higher counts of clostridia in their feces. In healthy infants, Bifidobacterium longum was the most frequently found species (54.5% of the samples), followed by B. adolescentis (20.0), B. breve (18.2), B. bifidum (16.4), B. dentium (10.9) and B. pseudocatenulatum (1.80). Bifidobacterial isolates from two babies with allergic colitis were identified as B. longum, one child from patients group contained species B. dentium and one baby B. adolescentis. Our results suggest that there are significantly lower counts of bifidobacteria in infants with allergic colitis than in healthy infants.
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86
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Vlková E, Rada V, Šmehilová M, Killer J. Auto-aggregation and Co-aggregation ability in bifidobacteria and clostridia. Folia Microbiol (Praha) 2008; 53:263-9. [DOI: 10.1007/s12223-008-0040-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2007] [Revised: 01/17/2008] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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87
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Seidavi A, Mirhossein S, Shivazad M, Chamani M, Sadeghi A. Optimizing Multiplex Polymerase Chain Reaction Method for Specific,
Sensitive and Rapid Detection of Salmonella sp., Escherichia
coli and Bifidobacterium sp. in Chick Gastrointestinal Tract. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.3923/ajava.2008.230.235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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88
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Trevisi P, De Filippi S, Modesto M, Mazzoni M, Casini L, Biavati B, Bosi P. Investigation on the ability of different strains and doses of exogenous Bifidobacteria, to translocate in the liver of weaning pigs. Livest Sci 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2007.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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89
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Vlková E, Rada V, Popelářová P, Trojanová I, Killer J. Antimicrobial susceptibility of bifidobacteria isolated from gastrointestinal tract of calves. Livest Sci 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2006.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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90
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Van Nevel CJ, Dierick NA, Decuypere JA, De Smet SM. In vitrofermentability and physicochemical properties of fibre substrates and their effect on bacteriological and morphological characteristics of the gastrointestinal tract of newly weaned piglets. Arch Anim Nutr 2006; 60:477-500. [PMID: 17236707 DOI: 10.1080/17450390600973659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Fermentability of fibre has a great impact on the bacterial flora along the gastrointestinal tract of newly weaned piglets. Therefore, this parameter was determined by incubating in vitro different fibre substrates (chicory roots, sugar beet pulp, wheat bran and corn cobs) with contents of jejunum or caecum sampled from slaughtered pigs. Incubating with small intestinal contents, lactic acid was the only fermentation product. Fermentability was highest for chicory roots, followed by wheat bran and sugar beet pulp, while corn cobs were not fermented. Based on SCFA formed in the incubations with caecal contents, ranking of the fermentability of the fibre substrates was in the same order. The effect of adding different fibre substrates to diets of newly weaned piglets on bacteriological and morphological aspects of the gastrointestinal tract was also investigated. In Experiment 1 three groups of five piglets, weaned at four weeks of age, received a control feed (C), C supplemented with corn cobs (50 g/kg) or with chicory roots (20 g/kg). In Experiment 2, diet C was supplemented with sugar beet pulp (120 g/kg) or with wheat bran (75 g/kg). After three weeks animals were euthanized and digesta were sampled from stomach, proximal and distal jejunum, caecum and colon. Furthermore, mucosal scrapings were prepared and tissue samples were taken from jejunum, caecum and colon. Viscosity was determined for jejunal, caecal and colon contents. Corn cobs in the feed increased the number of total bacteria, lactobacilli and bifidobacteria in the stomach and proximal duodenum, while a decreased count of streptococci in distal jejunum contents was noted. Chicory roots increased the counts of Escherichia coli in the distal jejunum and on the mucosa, while sugar beet pulp decreased the number of lactobacilli on the mucosa only. Wheat bran seemed to increase the count of E. coli in jejunal digesta and on the mucosa, and also the number of lactobacilli in the stomach and jejunum. Bifidobacterial numbers were increased but only in the proximal part of the jejunum. Fibre substrates affected the concentration of lactate and SCFA in different parts of the intestinal tract. Feeding corn cobs increased villus length in the proximal jejunum by 13%. The number of intra-epithelial lymphocytes in the villous epithelium of proximal and distal jejunum was decreased by corn cobs and chicory roots supplementation while beet pulp and wheat bran had the opposite effect. In Experiment 1, apoptotic index of the mucosa of the distal jejunum was very low and decreased when corn cobs were fed. Mitotic index in the crypts was only affected by the wheat bran diet and a small decrease was noted. It was concluded that the fermentability of fibre was not an ideal criterion for predicting its effects on the flora. The effect of fibres on viscosity of digesta was negligible probably explaining the lack of clear and consistent influences on the intestinal mucosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian J Van Nevel
- Department of Animal Production, Laboratory for Animal Nutrition and Animal Product Quality, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Proefhoevestraat, Melle, Belgium
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Osman N, Adawi D, Molin G, Ahrne S, Berggren A, Jeppsson B. Bifidobacterium infantis strains with and without a combination of oligofructose and inulin (OFI) attenuate inflammation in DSS-induced colitis in rats. BMC Gastroenterol 2006; 6:31. [PMID: 17069659 PMCID: PMC1634862 DOI: 10.1186/1471-230x-6-31] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2006] [Accepted: 10/28/2006] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease is thought to be through different factors and there is a relationship between the gut flora and the risk of its development. Probiotics can manipulate the microflora in chronic inflammation and may be effective in treating inflammation. Bifidobacterium are saccharolytic and their growth in the gut can be promoted by non-absorbable carbohydrates and its increase in the colon appears to be of benefit. Methods Oligofructose and inulin (OFI) alone and the two B. infantis DSM 15158 and DSM 15159 with and without OFI, were fed to Sprague-Dawley rats for 7 days prior to colitis induction and administrations continued for another 7 days with the DSS. Colitis severity assessed using a Disease Activity Index. Samples were collected 7 days after colitis induction, for intestinal bacterial flora, bacterial translocation, short chain fatty acids (SCFAs), myeloperoxidase (MPO), cytokines (IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-10 and TGF-β) and malondialdehyde (MDA). Results OFI alone or the B. infantis strains with and without OFI improved significantly the DAI and decreased colonic MPO activity. Colonic tissue IL-1β decreased significantly in all treated groups except B. infantis DSM 15158. MDA decreased significantly in B. infantis DSM 15159 with and without OFI compared to colitis control. Succinic acid increased significantly in OFI group with and without DSM 15159 compared to all groups. Sum values of propionic, succinic acid and butyric acid increased significantly in all groups compare to the colitis control. Bacterial translocation to mesenteric lymph nodes decreased significantly in all groups compared to colitis control. Translocation to the liver decreased significantly in all groups compare to the colitis control and OFI + B. infantis DSM 15158 groups. Conclusion Administrations of OFI and Bifidobacterium improve DSS-induced acute colitis and have an anti-inflammatory effect. Major differences in effect were observed between the two B. infantis strains as indicated in MDA and succinic acid concentration as well as bacterial translocation rate in synbiotic combinations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Osman
- Dept of Food Technology, Engineering and Nutrition, Lund University, Sweden
| | - Diya Adawi
- Dept of Surgery University Hospital Malmö, Lund University, 205 02 Malmö, Sweden
| | - Göran Molin
- Dept of Food Technology, Engineering and Nutrition, Lund University, Sweden
| | - Siv Ahrne
- Dept of Food Technology, Engineering and Nutrition, Lund University, Sweden
| | | | - Bengt Jeppsson
- Dept of Surgery University Hospital Malmö, Lund University, 205 02 Malmö, Sweden
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Trojanová I, Vlková E, Rada V, Marounek M. Different utilization of glucose and raffinose in Bifidobacterium breve and Bifidobacterium animalis. Folia Microbiol (Praha) 2006; 51:320-4. [PMID: 17007436 DOI: 10.1007/bf02931824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Growth of 2 strains of Bifidobacterium breve and 4 strains of Bifidobacterium animalis was evaluated with glucose, raffinose or a mixture of glucose and raffinose as substrates. All strains of B. animalis and one strain of B. breve grew more slowly on glucose than on raffinose or the mixture of glucose and raffinose; one strain of B. breve grew more rapidly on the mixture of glucose and raffinose than on raffinose while 2 strains of B. animalis grew faster on raffinose than on the mixture of raffinose and glucose. Both strains of B. breve utilized glucose and raffinose simultaneously. In contrast, all strains of B. animalis strains displayed atypical growth with rapid utilization of raffinose followed by slow utilization of glucose. The cell morphology of all strains of B. animalis was affected by the sugar used for cultivation: tiny and rather spherical cells were observed on glucose while on media with raffinose the cells were large and had the species-specific shape. Description of preferential utilization of various saccharides by bifidobacteria can contribute to the development of new synbiotic preparations and new cultivation media for bifidobacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Trojanová
- Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Czech University of Agriculture, Prague, Czechia
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93
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Klose V, Mohnl M, Plail R, Schatzmayr G, Loibner AP. Development of a competitive exclusion product for poultry meeting the regulatory requirements for registration in the European Union. Mol Nutr Food Res 2006; 50:563-71. [PMID: 16676374 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.200500166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Competitive exclusion treatment is able to increase the pathogen colonization resistance of day-old chicks by applying probiotic bacteria stabilizing the indigenous microflora. In order to develop a safe microbial feed additive, various bacterial strains were isolated out of the gastrointestinal tract of healthy chickens. One hundred twenty-one representatives were selected based on differences in whole-cell protein patterns and screened for antagonistic properties. Five effective strains (Pediococcus acidilactici, Enterococcus faecium, Bifidobacterium animalis ssp. animalis, Lactobacillus reuteri, and Lactobacillus salivarius ssp. salivarius) exhibited in vitro the ability to inhibit a range of common pathogens and were evaluated with regard to the risks associated with genetic transfer of antibiotic resistances from animals to humans via the food chain. The probiotic strains were sensitive to several clinically effective antibiotics, though some of them showed single resistances. None of the vancomycin-resistant (R) strains carried the enterococcal vanA gene. Two tetracycline R strains were shown to harbor a tet(M)-associated resistance. The strains contained no extrachromosomal DNA and were not able to transfer the resistance by means of conjugation. On basis of the collected data the presence of easy transferable resistances was excluded and the chicken strains were considered to be suitable for the use as feed additive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viviana Klose
- BOKU-University of Natural Resources and Applied Life Sciences, Vienna, Dept. IFA-Tulln, Division Environmental Biotechnology, Tulln, Austria.
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Nilsson U, Nyman M, Ahrné S, Sullivan EO, Fitzgerald G. Bifidobacterium lactis Bb-12 and Lactobacillus salivarius UCC500 modify carboxylic acid formation in the hindgut of rats given pectin, inulin, and lactitol. J Nutr 2006; 136:2175-80. [PMID: 16857837 DOI: 10.1093/jn/136.8.2175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The effect of Bifidobacterium lactis (Bb-12) and Lactobacillus salivarius (UCC500) on the formation of carboxylic acids (CAs) was studied in the hindgut of rats fed pectin, inulin of low solubility, and lactitol. When the pectin diet was supplemented with Bb-12, the formation of CAs was larger throughout the colon of rats, due to increased formation of acetic acid (P < 0.01) and, in the distal part of the colon, also because of propionic and butyric acids (P < 0.01). In rats fed pectin and UCC500, there was a shift in the formation of CAs from the cecum to the distal colon. Thus, the cecal pool of CAs in the rats was lower (P < 0.05), whereas the concentration of CAs in the distal part of colon was larger (P < 0.01) than without this strain. Concerning the slowly fermentable inulin, there was a greater formation of CAs in the cecum (P < 0.05) of rats, especially propionic acid, and a lower formation in the distal part of the colon (P < 0.01) when the diets were supplemented with Bb-12, whereas UCC500 had no effect except for a lower proportion of acetic acid in the distal part of the colon (P < 0.001). In rats fed lactitol and Bb-12, the concentration of CAs was lower in the distal part of colon (P < 0.001) than without this strain, whereas the cecal pool of CAs was greater in rats supplemented with UCC500 (P < 0.001). We conclude that the probiotic bacteria affect the amount, the pattern, and the site of release of CAs in the hindgut of rats, but the combination of pre- and probiotics is of great importance for the outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulf Nilsson
- Department of Microbiology, University College, Cork, Ireland.
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95
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Rada V, Vlková E, Nevoral J, Trojanová I. Comparison of bacterial flora and enzymatic activity in faeces of infants and calves. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2006; 258:25-8. [PMID: 16630250 DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-6968.2006.00207.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Sixty-four breast-fed infants and 23 calves were investigated for bacteria and enzymatic activity in their faecal samples. The bacteria were measured using cultivation and fluorescence in situ hybridization. Enzymatic activity was also examined. Forty-seven (64%) infants and all the calves had high numbers of bifidobacteria (usually >9 log CFU g-1) in their faeces, but 17 infants (36%) did not have a detectable amount of the bacteria. Most of the bifidobacteria-negative infants had significant quantities of clostridia in their faecal flora. While the infants did not have significantly higher counts of bifidobacteria, the samples from calves contained significantly (P<0.05) more coliform bacteria and lactobacilli. There were also significant differences in their enzymatic activities. Bifidobacteria-positive samples had a greater alpha-glucosidase activity, while bifidobacteria-negative samples had a lower activity of alpha-galactosidase, and calf samples had the highest beta-glucuronidase activity. A significant increase in bifidobacteria in calf faeces between days 3 and 7 was accompanied by a decrease in Escherichia coli. Our results show that the faecal flora of calves is similar to that of infants with regard to the occurrence of bifidobacteria as a dominant bacterial group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vojtech Rada
- Czech University of Agriculture Prague, Department of Microbiology, Nutrition and Dietetics, and Paediatric Department, University Hospital Prague-Motol, Prague, Czech Republic.
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96
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Vlková E, Trojanová I, Rada V. Distribution of bifidobacteria in the gastrointestinal tract of calves. Folia Microbiol (Praha) 2006; 51:325-8. [PMID: 17007437 DOI: 10.1007/bf02931825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Development of gastrointestinal microflora of calves with special reference to bifidobacteria was investigated; fecal bacteria were enumerated in calves aged 3 days to 7 weeks. Bacteria were detected by using selective media, bifidobacteria using modified TPY agar with an addition of mupirocin and acetic acid and by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). Bifidobacteria were dominant group of fecal flora of calves after 7 d of life, constituting 10 % of total bacterial counts. The highest bacterial concentrations were observed in rumen, cecum, and colon, the lowest in abomasum and duodenum. Bifidobacteria and lactobacilli exhibited the highest survival ability during stomach passage and dominated in all parts of the digestive tract. Bifidobacteria counts determined by FISH were significantly higher than those provided by cultivation. Modified TPY agar was highly selective and suitable for bifidobacteria isolation but FISH was shown to be a more precise method for their enumeration. Our results show that gastrointestinal microflora of calves in the milk-feeding period is similar to breast-fed infants with respect to the occurrence of bifidobacteria as a dominant bacterial group. The use of Bifidobacterium strains offers a promising way for providing beneficial effectors for calves in the milk-feeding period.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Vlková
- Department of Microbiology, Nutrition and Dietetics, Czech University of Agriculture Prague, Czechia.
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97
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Gavini F, Delcenserie V, Kopeinig K, Pollinger S, Beerens H, Bonaparte C, Upmann M. Bifidobacterium species isolated from animal feces and from beef and pork meat. J Food Prot 2006; 69:871-7. [PMID: 16629032 DOI: 10.4315/0362-028x-69.4.871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Bifidobacteria were isolated from 122 of 145 samples of animal feces (from cattle, swine, sheep, goats, horses, rabbits, chickens, geese, and pigeons) from farms in France and Austria and from 92 of 955 production and processing chain samples of beef and pork (obtained at slaughter, cutting, and retail). Bacterial strains were identified to species by phenotypic numerical classification based on API 50CH and ID 32A tests and DNA-DNA hybridization. Bifidobacterium pseudolongum was present in 81% (99 of 122 samples) of all Bifidobacterium-positive fecal samples and predominated in samples from all animal species except those from swine from Austria. In these Austrian swine samples, the majority of strains were identified as Bifidobacterium thermophilum (78%), followed by B. pseudolongum (48%). The distribution of B. thermophilum and B. pseudolongum differed significantly between Austrian swine and cattle samples such as those collected along beef and pork production and processing chains. Bifidobacterium animalis was isolated from swine feces, and Bifidobacterium ruminantium was isolated from cow dung. Six fecal isolates (from cattle, swine, rabbits, goats, and horses) were identified as belonging to Bifidobacterium species of predominantly human origin: B. adolescentis, B. bifidum, and B. catenulatum. Only one other species, Bifidobacterium choerinum, was detected with low frequency in a pork processing chain. B. pseudolongum subsp. pseudolongum was predominant in pig feces, whereas B. pseudolongum subsp. globosum was predominant in feces from other animal species. Four strains closely related to both subspecies (58 to 61% DNA reassociation) formed a distinct genomic group. PCR techniques, which are more rapid and sensitive than culture-based methods, could be used to detect directly B. pseudolongum and B. thermophilum as indicators of fecal contamination along the meat processing chain.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Gavini
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Laboratoire de Génie des Procédés et Technologie Alimentaires, Villeneuve d'Ascq, France.
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98
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Bernbom N, Licht TR, Brogren CH, Jelle B, Johansen AH, Badiola I, Vogensen FK, Nørrung B. Effects of Lactococcus lactis on composition of intestinal microbiota: role of nisin. Appl Environ Microbiol 2006; 72:239-44. [PMID: 16391049 PMCID: PMC1352298 DOI: 10.1128/aem.72.1.239-244.2006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
This study examined the ability of (i) pure nisin, (ii) nisin-producing Lactococcus lactis strain CHCC5826, and (iii) the non-nisin-producing L. lactis strain CHCH2862 to affect the composition of the intestinal microbiota of human flora-associated rats. The presence of both the nisin-producing and the non-nisin-producing L. lactis strains significantly increased the number of Bifidobacterium cells in fecal samples during the first 8 days but decreased the number of enterococci/streptococci in duodenum, ileum, cecum, and colon samples as detected by selective cultivation. No significant changes in the rat fecal microbiota were observed after dosage with nisin. Pearson cluster analysis of denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis profiles of the 16S rRNA genes present in the fecal microbial population revealed that the microbiota of animals dosed with either of the two L. lactis strains were different from that of control animals dosed with saline. However, profiles of the microbiota from animals dosed with nisin did not differ from the controls. The concentrations of nisin estimated by competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) were approximately 10-fold higher in the small intestine and 200-fold higher in feces than the corresponding concentrations estimated by a biological assay. This indicates that nisin was degraded or inactivated in the gastrointestinal tract, since fragments of this bacteriocin are detected by ELISA while an intact molecule is needed to retain biological activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nete Bernbom
- Department of Microbiological Food Safety, Danish Institute for Food and Veterinary Research, Mørkhøj Bygade 19, DK-2860 Søborg, Denmark
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99
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Thitaram SN, Siragusa GR, Hinton A. Bifidobacterium-selective isolation and enumeration from chicken caeca by a modified oligosaccharide antibiotic-selective agar medium. Lett Appl Microbiol 2005; 41:355-60. [PMID: 16162144 DOI: 10.1111/j.1472-765x.2005.01765.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To determine the efficacy and selectivity of an acidified, antibiotic-selective, oligosaccharide-containing media for enumerating Bifidobacterium spp. from chicken caeca samples. METHODS AND RESULTS Transoligosaccharide propionate agar medium (TOS) modified by addition of mupirocin (50 microg ml-1) and glacial acetic acid (1%, v/v), did not inhibit the growth of bifidobacteria compared with the control media yet inhibited the growth of Lactobacillus acidophilus, Lactobacillus gallinarum, Lactobacillus helveticus and Streptococcus gordonii. CONCLUSIONS Addition of mupirocin (50 microg ml-1) and glacial acetic acid (1%, v/v) to TOS (TOS-AM50), is an effective selective medium for isolation and enumeration of Bifidobacterium spp. from chicken caeca samples. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY The development of an intestinal bifidobacteria-selective media contributes to the study of probiotics and prebiotics in poultry and potentially other species.
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Affiliation(s)
- S N Thitaram
- Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Russell Research Center, Athens, GA 30605, USA
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100
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Delcenserie V, Bechoux N, China B, Daube G, Gavini F. A PCR method for detection of bifidobacteria in raw milk and raw milk cheese: comparison with culture-based methods. J Microbiol Methods 2005; 61:55-67. [PMID: 15676196 DOI: 10.1016/j.mimet.2004.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2004] [Revised: 10/25/2004] [Accepted: 11/02/2004] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Bifidobacteria are well known for their beneficial effects on health and are used as probiotics in food and pharmaceutical products. As they form one of the most important groups in both human and animal feces, their use as fecal indicator organisms in raw milk products has recently been proposed. Bifidobacteria species isolated in humans are different from those isolated in animals. It should therefore be possible to determine contamination origin (human or animal). A method of detecting the Bifidobacterium genus was developed by PCR targeting the hsp60 gene. The genus Bifidobacterium was identified by PCR amplification of a 217-bp hsp60 gene fragment. The degenerated primer pair specific to the Bifidobacterium genus used was tested for it specificity on 127 strains. Sensitivity was measured on artificially contaminated samples. Food can however be a difficult matrix for PCR testing since it contains PCR inhibitors. So an internal PCR control was used. An artificially created DNA fragment of 315 bp was constructed. The PCR detection method was tested on raw milk and cheese samples and compared with three culture-based methods, which comprised enrichment and isolation steps. The enrichment step used Brain Heart Infusion medium with propionic acid, iron citrate, yeast extract, supplemented with mupirocin (BHMup) or not (BH) and the isolation step used Columbia blood agar medium, supplemented with mupirocin (CMup) or not (C). The method using mupirocin at both enrichment and isolation steps and the PCR method performed from the culture in BHMup enrichment medium were shown to be the most efficient. No significant difference was observed in raw milk samples between PCR from BHMup and the culture-based method BHMup/CMup, while a significant difference was noticed between the same methods in raw milk cheese samples, which would favor using PCR. The results suggested that PCR on the hsp60 gene was convenient for a rapid detection of bifidobacteria in raw milk and raw milk cheese samples and that bifidobacteria always present throughout raw milk cheese production could be efficiently used as fecal indicators.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Delcenserie
- Food Sciences Department, Sart Tilman, University of Liège, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, B43b 4000 Liege, Belgium.
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