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Spörndly-Nees E, Boberg J, Ekstedt E, Holm L, Fakhrzadeh A, Dunder L, Kushnir MM, Lejonklou MH, Lind PM. Low-dose exposure to Bisphenol A during development has limited effects on male reproduction in midpubertal and aging Fischer 344 rats. Reprod Toxicol 2018; 81:196-206. [PMID: 30121228 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2018.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2018] [Revised: 06/26/2018] [Accepted: 08/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Low doses of Bisphenol A (BPA) during development may affect reproduction. In this study, Fischer 344 rats were exposed to 0.5 or 50 μg BPA/kg bw/day via drinking water from gestational day 3.5 to postnatal day 22. Anogenital distance, organ weight, histopathology of reproductive organs, hormone analysis and sperm morphology were evaluated in male offspring. In this study no major effects of BPA on male reproduction in midpubertal (postnatal day 35) or adult (12-month-old) rats were revealed, apart from a higher prevalence of mild inflammatory cell infiltrate in cauda epididymis in adult rats exposed to 50 μg BPA/kg bw/day. No BPA-related effects on sexual development were seen but care should be taken when evaluating histopathology in midpuberty testis due to large morphological variation. Results from the present study show no major signs of altered male reproduction in rats exposed to low doses of BPA during gestation and lactation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellinor Spörndly-Nees
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Biochemistry, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 7011, 75007, Sweden.
| | - Julie Boberg
- Division of Diet, Disease Prevention and Toxicology, Technical University of Denmark, Building 202, 2800 Kgs Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Elisabeth Ekstedt
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Biochemistry, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 7011, 75007, Sweden
| | - Lena Holm
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Biochemistry, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 7011, 75007, Sweden
| | - Azadeh Fakhrzadeh
- Iranian Research Institute for Information Science and Technology (IranDoc) Tehran Province, No. 1090, Enghelab, Tehran, Iran
| | - Linda Dunder
- Department of Medical Sciences, Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Akademiska sjukhuset, 751 85 Uppsala, Uppsala University, Sweden
| | - Mark M Kushnir
- ARUP Institute for Clinical and Experimental Pathology, Salt Lake City, UT 84108, USA; Department of Pathology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Margareta H Lejonklou
- Department of Medical Sciences, Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Akademiska sjukhuset, 751 85 Uppsala, Uppsala University, Sweden
| | - P Monica Lind
- Department of Medical Sciences, Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Akademiska sjukhuset, 751 85 Uppsala, Uppsala University, Sweden
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52
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Wang Y, Rui M, Nie Y, Lu G. Influence of gastrointestinal tract on metabolism of bisphenol A as determined by in vitro simulated system. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2018; 355:111-118. [PMID: 29778027 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2018.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2017] [Revised: 04/30/2018] [Accepted: 05/07/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Oral exposure is a major route of human bisphenol A (BPA) exposure. However, influence of gastrointestinal tract on BPA metabolism is unavailable. In this study, in vitro simulator of the human intestinal microbial ecosystem (SHIME) was applied to investigate the changes in bioaccessibility and metabolism of BPA in different parts of gastrointestinal tract (stomach, small intestine and colon). Then the human hepatoma cell line HepG2 was employed to compare toxic effects of BPA itself and effluents of SHIME system on hepatic gene expression profiles. Results showed that level of bioaccessible BPA decreased with the process of gastrointestinal digestion. But the gastrointestinal digestion could not completely degrade BPA. Then, BPA exposure significantly changed microbial community in colons and increased the percentage of microbes shared in ascending, transverse and descending colons. Abundances of BPA-degradable bacteria, such as Microbacterium and Alcaligenes, were up-regulated. Further, SHIME effluents significantly up-regulated expressions of genes related to estrogenic effect and oxidative stress compared to BPA itself, but reduced or had little change on the risk of cell apoptosis and fatty deposits. This study sheds new lights on influence of gastrointestinal digestion on bioaccessibility and toxic effects of BPA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonghua Wang
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes of Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, PR China
| | - Min Rui
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes of Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, PR China
| | - Yang Nie
- Hangzhou Hydrology and Water Resources Monitoring Central Station, Hangzhou, 310016, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Guanghua Lu
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes of Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, PR China.
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53
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Altamirano GA, Delconte MB, Gomez AL, Ingaramo PI, Bosquiazzo VL, Luque EH, Muñoz-de-Toro M, Kass L. Postnatal exposure to a glyphosate-based herbicide modifies mammary gland growth and development in Wistar male rats. Food Chem Toxicol 2018; 118:111-118. [PMID: 29746933 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2018.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2018] [Revised: 05/04/2018] [Accepted: 05/06/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Our aim was to evaluate whether postnatal exposure to a glyphosate-based herbicide (GBH) modifies mammary gland development in pre- and post-pubertal male rats. From postnatal day 1 (PND1) to PND7, male rats were injected subcutaneously every 48 h with either saline solution (vehicle) or 2 mg GBH/kg·bw. On PND21 and PND60, mammary gland and blood samples were collected. Estradiol (E2) and testosterone (T) serum levels, mammary gland histology, collagen fiber organization, mast cell infiltration, proliferation index, and estrogen (ESR1) and androgen receptor (AR) expression levels were evaluated. At PND21, GBH-exposed male rats exhibited greater development of the mammary gland with increased stromal collagen organization and terminal end buds (TEBs) compared to control rats. At PND60, the number of TEBs remained high and was accompanied by an increase in mast cell infiltration, proliferation and ESR1 expression in GBH-exposed male rats. In contrast, no effects were observed in E2 and T serum levels and AR expression in both days studied. Our results showed that a postnatal subacute treatment with GBH induces endocrine-disrupting effects in the male mammary gland in vivo, altering its normal development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela A Altamirano
- Instituto de Salud y Ambiente del Litoral (ISAL, UNL-CONICET), Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Santa Fe, Argentina; Cátedra de Patología Humana, Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Melisa B Delconte
- Instituto de Salud y Ambiente del Litoral (ISAL, UNL-CONICET), Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Ayelen L Gomez
- Instituto de Salud y Ambiente del Litoral (ISAL, UNL-CONICET), Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Santa Fe, Argentina; Cátedra de Patología Humana, Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Paola I Ingaramo
- Instituto de Salud y Ambiente del Litoral (ISAL, UNL-CONICET), Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Santa Fe, Argentina; Cátedra de Fisiología Humana, Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Verónica L Bosquiazzo
- Instituto de Salud y Ambiente del Litoral (ISAL, UNL-CONICET), Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Santa Fe, Argentina; Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica y Cuantitativa, Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Enrique H Luque
- Instituto de Salud y Ambiente del Litoral (ISAL, UNL-CONICET), Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Santa Fe, Argentina; Cátedra de Fisiología Humana, Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Mónica Muñoz-de-Toro
- Instituto de Salud y Ambiente del Litoral (ISAL, UNL-CONICET), Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Santa Fe, Argentina; Cátedra de Patología Humana, Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Laura Kass
- Instituto de Salud y Ambiente del Litoral (ISAL, UNL-CONICET), Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Santa Fe, Argentina; Cátedra de Patología Humana, Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Santa Fe, Argentina.
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54
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Endocrine disruptors (EDs) and hormone-dependent cancers: Correlation or causal relationship? C R Biol 2018; 340:439-445. [PMID: 29126515 DOI: 10.1016/j.crvi.2017.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2016] [Accepted: 07/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The selective increase in the incidence of hormone-dependent cancers (breast, prostate, testicular) in industrialized countries is associated with the increasing number of endocrine disruptors (EDs) in the environment and raises questions about the role of EDs in mammary carcinogenesis. Answering these questions is difficult because the number of EDs is large and varies with time. Moreover hormonal carcinogenesis is multifactorial and progresses slowly and in stages. This discussion will be limited to breast cancer and three EDs: distilbene, bisphenol A (BPA), and dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT). All these three EDs bind estrogen receptors, albeit with widely different affinities. Several complementary approaches have been used: French cancer records, epidemiological studies on cohorts followed over several decades, numerous in vitro experimental studies using cell cultures and in vivo animal studies. These approaches all converge to the same result, strongly suggesting a causal relationship between EDs and precancerous lesions. Except for distilbene, the mechanisms and molecular targets involved are still unclear, which makes it difficult to look for substitute products that are just as efficient, but less toxic.
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Mesnage R, Phedonos A, Arno M, Balu S, Corton JC, Antoniou MN. Editor's Highlight: Transcriptome Profiling Reveals Bisphenol A Alternatives Activate Estrogen Receptor Alpha in Human Breast Cancer Cells. Toxicol Sci 2018; 158:431-443. [PMID: 28591870 PMCID: PMC5837682 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfx101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Plasticizers with estrogenic activity, such as bisphenol A (BPA), have potential adverse
health effects in humans. Due to mounting evidence of these health effects, BPA is being
phased out and replaced by other bisphenol variants in “BPA-free” products. We have
compared estrogenic activity of BPA with 6 bisphenol analogues [bisphenol S (BPS);
bisphenol F (BPF); bisphenol AP (BPAP); bisphenol AF (BPAF); bisphenol Z (BPZ); bisphenol
B (BPB)] in 3 human breast cancer cell lines. Estrogenicity was assessed
(10−11–10−4 M) by cell growth in an estrogen receptor
(ER)-mediated cell proliferation assay, and by the induction of estrogen response
element-mediated transcription in a luciferase assay. BPAF was the most potent bisphenol,
followed by BPB > BPZ ∼ BPA > BPF ∼ BPAP > BPS. The addition of ICI 182,780
antagonized the activation of ERs. Data mining of ToxCast high-throughput screening assays
confirm our results but also show divergence in the sensitivities of the assays. Gene
expression profiles were determined in MCF-7 cells by microarray analysis. The comparison
of transcriptome profile alterations resulting from BPA alternatives with an ERα gene
expression biomarker further indicates that all BPA alternatives act as ERα agonists in
MCF-7 cells. These results were confirmed by Illumina-based RNA sequencing. In conclusion,
BPA alternatives are not necessarily less estrogenic than BPA in human breast cancer
cells. BPAF, BPB, and BPZ were more estrogenic than BPA. These findings point to the
importance of better understanding the risk of adverse effects from exposure to BPA
alternatives, including hormone-dependent breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin Mesnage
- Gene Expression and Therapy Group, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, King's College London, London SE1 9RT, United Kingdom
| | - Alexia Phedonos
- Gene Expression and Therapy Group, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, King's College London, London SE1 9RT, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew Arno
- Genomics Centre, King's College London, London SE1 9NH, United Kingdom
| | - Sucharitha Balu
- Genomics Centre, King's College London, London SE1 9NH, United Kingdom
| | - J Christopher Corton
- Integrated Systems Toxicology Division National Health and Environmental Effects Research Lab, US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711
| | - Michael N Antoniou
- Gene Expression and Therapy Group, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, King's College London, London SE1 9RT, United Kingdom
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56
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Miyamoto Y, Kawaguchi H, Tanimoto A. Relationship between morphological development and sex hormone receptor expression of mammary glands with age in male rats. Exp Anim 2018. [PMID: 29526866 PMCID: PMC6083026 DOI: 10.1538/expanim.17-0134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study is to investigate the changes with age on morphology and sex
hormone receptor expression in the mammary glands of male Sprague-Dawley rats, focusing on
male-specific cells, “oxyphilic cells”, observed after sexual maturity. The mammary glands
of male rats at 14, 21, 35, 50, 75 and 100 days old were examined by gross observation,
microscopic observation using whole mount specimens, histological and immunohistochemical
sections. Grossly, mammary glands showed brown color at 50–100 days old. In whole mount
specimens, terminal end buds (TEBs) were observed at 14–50 days old and the number of TEBs
was highest at 35 days old. Histologically, the male mammary glands contained small
epithelial cells with scanty cytoplasm at 14–35 days old while ductal and lobular
epithelial cells were changed into oxyphilic cells with abundant cytoplasm at 50–100 days
old. Immunohistochemicaly, androgen receptor (AR), estrogen receptor (ER) and progesterone
receptor (PgR) expressions were found in both mammary glands found at a young age and
oxyphilic cells. In oxyphilic cells, AR expression was dominant compared to ER and PgR
expressions and increased with age. From these results, the development at 50–100 days old
might be strongly related to AR. Ultrastructural observation of oxyphilic cells confirmed
a number of lipid droplets, deformed and/or enlarged mitochondria, lysosomes and
peroxisomes in their cytoplasm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoko Miyamoto
- Primate Research Institute, Kyoto University, 41-2 Kanrin, Inuyama-shi, Aichi 484-8506, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Kawaguchi
- Department of Hygiene and Health Promotion Medicine, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 8-35-1 Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima-shi, Kagoshima 890-8544, Japan
| | - Akihide Tanimoto
- Department of Pathology, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 8-35-1 Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima-shi, Kagoshima 890-8544, Japan
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57
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Sapouckey SA, Kassotis CD, Nagel SC, Vandenberg LN. Prenatal Exposure to Unconventional Oil and Gas Operation Chemical Mixtures Altered Mammary Gland Development in Adult Female Mice. Endocrinology 2018; 159:1277-1289. [PMID: 29425295 PMCID: PMC5809159 DOI: 10.1210/en.2017-00866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2017] [Accepted: 12/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Unconventional oil and gas (UOG) operations, which combine hydraulic fracturing (fracking) and directional drilling, involve the use of hundreds of chemicals, including many with endocrine-disrupting properties. Two previous studies examined mice exposed during early development to a 23-chemical mixture of UOG compounds (UOG-MIX) commonly used or produced in the process. Both male and female offspring exposed prenatally to one or more doses of UOG-MIX displayed alterations to endocrine organ function and serum hormone concentrations. We hypothesized that prenatal UOG-MIX exposure would similarly disrupt development of the mouse mammary gland. Female C57Bl/6 mice were exposed to ~3, ~30, ~ 300, or ~3000 μg/kg/d UOG-MIX from gestational day 11 to birth. Although no effects were observed on the mammary glands of these females before puberty, in early adulthood, females exposed to 300 or 3000 μg/kg/d UOG-MIX developed more dense mammary epithelial ducts; females exposed to 3 μg/kg/d UOG-MIX had an altered ratio of apoptosis to proliferation in the mammary epithelium. Furthermore, adult females from all UOG-MIX-treated groups developed intraductal hyperplasia that resembled terminal end buds (i.e., highly proliferative structures typically seen at puberty). These results suggest that the mammary gland is sensitive to mixtures of chemicals used in UOG production at exposure levels that are environmentally relevant. The effect of these findings on the long-term health of the mammary gland, including its lactational capacity and its risk of cancer, should be evaluated in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah A. Sapouckey
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health and Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003
| | - Christopher D. Kassotis
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Women's Health, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211
| | - Susan C. Nagel
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Women's Health, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211
| | - Laura N. Vandenberg
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health and Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003
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58
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Zhao H, Wei J, Xiang L, Cai Z. Mass spectrometry investigation of DNA adduct formation from bisphenol A quinone metabolite and MCF-7 cell DNA. Talanta 2018; 182:583-589. [PMID: 29501196 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2018.02.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2018] [Revised: 02/07/2018] [Accepted: 02/08/2018] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Bisphenol A (BPA) is a widely used additive in the plastic industry and has been reported to have genotoxicity. A hypothesis that BPA may enhance breast cancer risk through the formation of its metabolic intermediate or DNA adduct has been proposed. In this study, breast cancer cell MCF-7 was cultured and the cellular DNA was extracted from the cells. The adducts of bisphenol A 3,4-quinone (BPAQ) with 2'-deoxyguanosine (dG), calf thymus DNA and MCF-7 cell DNA were investigated. DNA adducts were characterized by using electrospray ionization Orbitrap high-resolution mass spectrometry and tandem mass spectrometry. The BPA-DNA adducts of BPAQ with dG, calf thymus and MCF-7 cell DNA were identified as 3-hydroxy-bisphenol A-N7-guanine (3-OH-BPA-N7Gua). The MS/MS fragmentation pathway of 3-OH-BPA-N7Gua was proposed based on obtained accurate mass data. BPA quinone metabolites can react with MCF-7 cell DNA in vitro. The findings provide evidence that BPA might covalently bind to DNA in MCF-7 cells mediated by quinone metabolites, which may increase our understanding of health risk associated with BPA exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongzhi Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental and Biological Analysis, Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong SAR, PR China
| | - Juntong Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental and Biological Analysis, Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong SAR, PR China
| | - Li Xiang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental and Biological Analysis, Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong SAR, PR China
| | - Zongwei Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental and Biological Analysis, Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong SAR, PR China.
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59
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The molecular mechanisms of action of the endocrine disrupting chemical bisphenol A in the development of cancer. Gene 2018; 647:235-243. [PMID: 29317319 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2018.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2017] [Revised: 09/28/2017] [Accepted: 01/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The endocrine disrupting chemical (EDC) is an exogenous substance or mixture that alters the function of the endocrine system and consequently causes adverse effects in intact organisms. Bisphenol A (BPA), one of the most common endocrine disrupting chemicals is a carbon-based synthetic compound used in the production of water bottles, cans, and teeth suture materials. It is known to be a xenoestrogen as it interacts with estrogen receptors and acts as agonist or antagonist via estrogen receptor-dependent signaling pathways. BPA has been associated with serious health effects in humans and wildlife. It elicits several endocrine disorders and plays a role in the pathogenesis of several hormone-dependent tumors such as breast, ovarian, prostate cancer and others. More complicate to this picture, its effects rely on several and diverse molecular and epigenetic mechanisms that converge upon endocrine and reproductive systems. The present review gives an overview of general hazards of BPA, its epigenetic modifications and the molecular mechanisms of BPA action in different types of cancers as the increase in information about responses and action mechanisms of BPA may bring a better understanding of the risks of BPA exposure in humans and provide an important platform on which human health can be improved.
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60
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Rodgers KM, Udesky JO, Rudel RA, Brody JG. Environmental chemicals and breast cancer: An updated review of epidemiological literature informed by biological mechanisms. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2018; 160:152-182. [PMID: 28987728 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2017.08.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 213] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2017] [Revised: 08/28/2017] [Accepted: 08/29/2017] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Many common environmental chemicals are mammary gland carcinogens in animal studies, activate relevant hormonal pathways, or enhance mammary gland susceptibility to carcinogenesis. Breast cancer's long latency and multifactorial etiology make evaluation of these chemicals in humans challenging. OBJECTIVE For chemicals previously identified as mammary gland toxicants, we evaluated epidemiologic studies published since our 2007 review. We assessed whether study designs captured relevant exposures and disease features suggested by toxicological and biological evidence of genotoxicity, endocrine disruption, tumor promotion, or disruption of mammary gland development. METHODS We systematically searched the PubMed database for articles with breast cancer outcomes published in 2006-2016 using terms for 134 environmental chemicals, sources, or biomarkers of exposure. We critically reviewed the articles. RESULTS We identified 158 articles. Consistent with experimental evidence, a few key studies suggested higher risk for exposures during breast development to dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT), dioxins, perfluorooctane-sulfonamide (PFOSA), and air pollution (risk estimates ranged from 2.14 to 5.0), and for occupational exposure to solvents and other mammary carcinogens, such as gasoline components (risk estimates ranged from 1.42 to 3.31). Notably, one 50-year cohort study captured exposure to DDT during several critical windows for breast development (in utero, adolescence, pregnancy) and when this chemical was still in use. Most other studies did not assess exposure during a biologically relevant window or specify the timing of exposure. Few studies considered genetic variation, but the Long Island Breast Cancer Study Project reported higher breast cancer risk for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in women with certain genetic variations, especially in DNA repair genes. CONCLUSIONS New studies that targeted toxicologically relevant chemicals and captured biological hypotheses about genetic variants or windows of breast susceptibility added to evidence of links between environmental chemicals and breast cancer. However, many biologically relevant chemicals, including current-use consumer product chemicals, have not been adequately studied in humans. Studies are challenged to reconstruct exposures that occurred decades before diagnosis or access biological samples stored that long. Other problems include measuring rapidly metabolized chemicals and evaluating exposure to mixtures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn M Rodgers
- Silent Spring Institute, 320 Nevada Street, Newton, MA 02460, United States.
| | - Julia O Udesky
- Silent Spring Institute, 320 Nevada Street, Newton, MA 02460, United States.
| | - Ruthann A Rudel
- Silent Spring Institute, 320 Nevada Street, Newton, MA 02460, United States.
| | - Julia Green Brody
- Silent Spring Institute, 320 Nevada Street, Newton, MA 02460, United States.
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61
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Hart RJ, Doherty DA, Keelan JA, Minaee NS, Thorstensen EB, Dickinson JE, Pennell CE, Newnham JP, McLachlan R, Norman RJ, Handelsman DJ. The impact of antenatal Bisphenol A exposure on male reproductive function at 20-22 years of age. Reprod Biomed Online 2017; 36:340-347. [PMID: 29291929 DOI: 10.1016/j.rbmo.2017.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2017] [Revised: 11/21/2017] [Accepted: 11/21/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Bisphenol A (BPA) is a ubiquitous chemical suspected to possess oestrogenic hormonal activities. Male population studies suggest a negative impact on testicular function. As Sertoli cell proliferation occurs during fetal or early postnatal life, it is speculated that oestrogenic environmental exposures may influence mature testicular function. Among 705 Western Australian Pregnancy Cohort (Raine) Study men aged 20-22 years, 404 underwent testicular ultrasound examination (149 had maternal serum available), and/or 365 provided semen (136 had maternal serum) and/or 609 serum samples for sex steroids, gonadotrophins and inhibin B analysis (244 had maternal serum). Maternal serum collected at 18 and 34 weeks' gestation was pooled and assayed for concentrations of total BPA (free plus conjugated) as an estimate of antenatal exposure. Testicular volume was calculated by ultrasonography, and semen analysis performed. Serum LH, FSH and inhibin B were measured by immunoassay; testosterone, oestradiol, oestrone andBPA were measured by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. BPA levels were detectable in most (89%) maternal serum samples. After adjustment for maternal smoking, abstinence and varicocele, sperm concentration and motility were significantly correlated to maternal serum BPA (r = 0.18; P = 0.04 for both). No other associations of maternal serum BPA with testicular function were observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roger J Hart
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia; Fertility Specialists of Western Australia, Bethesda Hospital, Claremont, Western Australia, Australia.
| | - Dorota A Doherty
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia; Women and Infants Research Foundation, King Edward Memorial Hospital, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Jeffrey A Keelan
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia; Women and Infants Research Foundation, King Edward Memorial Hospital, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Novia S Minaee
- Women and Infants Research Foundation, King Edward Memorial Hospital, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | | | - Jan E Dickinson
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Craig E Pennell
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia; Women and Infants Research Foundation, King Edward Memorial Hospital, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - John P Newnham
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia; Women and Infants Research Foundation, King Edward Memorial Hospital, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Robert McLachlan
- Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Monash Medical Centre, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Robert J Norman
- Robinson Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - David J Handelsman
- ANZAC Research Institute, Concord Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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62
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Russo G, Barbato F, Grumetto L. Monitoring of bisphenol A and bisphenol S in thermal paper receipts from the Italian market and estimated transdermal human intake: A pilot study. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2017; 599-600:68-75. [PMID: 28463702 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.04.192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2017] [Revised: 04/05/2017] [Accepted: 04/25/2017] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Bisphenol A (BPA), a synthetic xenoestrogen widely used in various industrial fields, can be present, in its un-reacted form, as an additive in thermal paper. BPA is virtually ubiquitous in industrialized societies and humans are exposed to this chemical via dietary and non-dietary sources. Since in 2015 European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) indicated that thermal paper is the second source of BPA exposure after the food chain, some suppliers replaced BPA with its analogue Bisphenol S (BPS), speculatively supposed to be safer. In this work BPA and BPS concentration levels were determined in thermal paper receipts collected in Italy from 50 different sources by liquid chromatography coupled to tandem fluorescence and ultraviolet detection. BPA was found in 44 samples at mean concentration of 107.47μg/100mg of paper (from below Limits of Quantification (LOQ) to 1533.733μg/100mg of paper). BPS was found in 31 samples at mean concentration of 41.97μg/100mg of paper (from below the LOQ to 357.989μg/100mg of paper). 26 samples were positive to both BPA and BPS. The estimate daily intake (EDI) values of BPA and BPS occurring through dermal absorption were calculated for 70kg body weight individuals. For general population, they were 0.0625μg/day for BPA and 0.0244μg/day for BPS, based on the mean content of bisphenols found. For occupationally exposed individuals, they were 66.8μg/day for BPA and 15.6μg/day for BPS, based on the worst scenario. Such levels would produce a dermal intake below the Tolerable Day Intake established by EFSA (4μg/kg·bw/day); nevertheless, the occurrence of co-exposure to dietary and non-dietary sources should be considered in the health risk assessment, mainly for people frequently exposed to thermal paper contact for occupational reason.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giacomo Russo
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Via D. Montesano, 49, I-80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Francesco Barbato
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Via D. Montesano, 49, I-80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Lucia Grumetto
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Via D. Montesano, 49, I-80131 Naples, Italy.
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63
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Hindman AR, Mo XM, Helber HL, Kovalchin CE, Ravichandran N, Murphy AR, Fagan AM, St. John PM, Burd CJ. Varying Susceptibility of the Female Mammary Gland to In Utero Windows of BPA Exposure. Endocrinology 2017; 158:3435-3447. [PMID: 28938483 PMCID: PMC5659685 DOI: 10.1210/en.2017-00116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2017] [Accepted: 07/31/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
In utero exposure to the endocrine disrupting compound bisphenol A (BPA) is known to disrupt mammary gland development and increase tumor susceptibility in rodents. It is unclear whether different periods of in utero development might be more susceptible to BPA exposure. We exposed pregnant CD-1 mice to BPA at different times during gestation that correspond to specific milestones of in utero mammary gland development. The mammary glands of early-life and adult female mice, exposed in utero to BPA, were morphologically and molecularly (estrogen receptor-α and Ki67) evaluated for developmental abnormalities. We found that BPA treatment occurring before mammary bud invasion into the mesenchyme [embryonic day (E)12.5] incompletely resulted in the measured phenotypes of mammary gland defects. Exposing mice up to the point at which the epithelium extends into the precursor fat pad (E16.5) resulted in a nearly complete BPA phenotype and exposure during epithelial extension (E15.5 to E18.5) resulted in a partial phenotype. Furthermore, the relative differences in phenotypes between exposure windows highlight the substantial correlations between early-life molecular changes (estrogen receptor-α and Ki67) in the stroma and the epithelial elongation defects in mammary development. These data further implicate BPA action in the stroma as a critical mediator of epithelial phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea R. Hindman
- Department of Molecular Genetics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210
- The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, Ohio 43210
| | - Xiaokui Molly Mo
- Center for Biostatistics, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio 43210
| | - Hannah L. Helber
- Department of Molecular Genetics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210
| | - Claire E. Kovalchin
- Department of Molecular Genetics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210
| | | | - Alina R. Murphy
- Department of Molecular Genetics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210
- The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, Ohio 43210
| | - Abigail M. Fagan
- Department of Chemistry, State University of New York New Paltz, New Paltz, New York 12561
| | - Pamela M. St. John
- Department of Chemistry, State University of New York New Paltz, New Paltz, New York 12561
| | - Craig J. Burd
- Department of Molecular Genetics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210
- The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, Ohio 43210
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64
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Gray JM, Rasanayagam S, Engel C, Rizzo J. State of the evidence 2017: an update on the connection between breast cancer and the environment. Environ Health 2017; 16:94. [PMID: 28865460 PMCID: PMC5581466 DOI: 10.1186/s12940-017-0287-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2016] [Accepted: 07/17/2017] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In this review, we examine the continually expanding and increasingly compelling data linking radiation and various chemicals in our environment to the current high incidence of breast cancer. Singly and in combination, these toxicants may have contributed significantly to the increasing rates of breast cancer observed over the past several decades. Exposures early in development from gestation through adolescence and early adulthood are particularly of concern as they re-shape the program of genetic, epigenetic and physiological processes in the developing mammary system, leading to an increased risk for developing breast cancer. In the 8 years since we last published a comprehensive review of the relevant literature, hundreds of new papers have appeared supporting this link, and in this update, the evidence on this topic is more extensive and of better quality than that previously available. CONCLUSION Increasing evidence from epidemiological studies, as well as a better understanding of mechanisms linking toxicants with development of breast cancer, all reinforce the conclusion that exposures to these substances - many of which are found in common, everyday products and byproducts - may lead to increased risk of developing breast cancer. Moving forward, attention to methodological limitations, especially in relevant epidemiological and animal models, will need to be addressed to allow clearer and more direct connections to be evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janet M. Gray
- Department of Psychology and Program in Science, Technology, and Society, Vassar College, 124 Raymond Avenue, Poughkeepsie, NY 12604-0246 USA
| | - Sharima Rasanayagam
- Breast Cancer Prevention Partners, 1388 Sutter St., Suite 400, San Francisco, CA 94109-5400 USA
| | - Connie Engel
- Breast Cancer Prevention Partners, 1388 Sutter St., Suite 400, San Francisco, CA 94109-5400 USA
| | - Jeanne Rizzo
- Breast Cancer Prevention Partners, 1388 Sutter St., Suite 400, San Francisco, CA 94109-5400 USA
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65
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Zhang J, Zhang X, Li Y, Zhou Z, Wu C, Liu Z, Hao L, Fan S, Jiang F, Xie Y, Jiang L. Low dose of Bisphenol A enhance the susceptibility of thyroid carcinoma stimulated by DHPN and iodine excess in F344 rats. Oncotarget 2017; 8:69874-69887. [PMID: 29050248 PMCID: PMC5642523 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.19434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2016] [Accepted: 06/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Thyroid carcinoma (TC) is the most common endocrine neoplasm. The risk of TC as a second primary malignancy (SPM) of breast cancer is significantly increased. Bisphenol A (BPA) is a widely contacted xenoestrogen and increases susceptibility to breast cancer through binding to estrogen receptor alpha (ERα). However, the effect of BPA on thyroid carcinogenesis has not been fully demonstrated. This present study aimed to characterize the effects of BPA on the development of TC using a Fischer 344 (F344) rat model. In this study, we established a TC model using female F344 rats pretreated with N-Bis (2-hydroxypropyl) nitrosamine (DHPN) at a single dose of 2800 mg/kg (the DA group) or without DHPN (the DN group), followed by stimulation with BPA at the level of 250 μg/kg (BPA250) or 1000 μg/kg (BPA1000) and a basic diet containing potassium iodine (KI, 1000 μg/L) for 64 weeks. We demonstrated that the incidence of TC in the BPA250 + KI of DA groups reached the highest at 50%, the incidence of thyroid hyperplasia lesions (including both tumors and focal hyperplasia lesions) in the BPA1000 + KI of DA groups reached 100% (P < 0.05). ERα protein and immunochemistry expression was upregulated in the BPA-exposed groups and the immunochemistry scores were positively correlated with PCNA. Thus, the present results indicate that BPA could enhance the susceptibility to TC stimulated by DHPN and iodine excess. ERα is probably involved in the proliferation effect of BPA. BPA or KI alone could not increase TC incidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China.,Department of Hemodialysis, Heze Municipical Hospital, Heze 274000, China
| | - Xiaochen Zhang
- Department of Nursing, Heze Medical College, Heze 274000, China
| | - Yanan Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Laiwu City People's Hospital, Laiwu 271100, China
| | - Zhenzhen Zhou
- Department of Radiotherapy, Jinhua Municipal Central Hospital, Jinhua 321000, China0
| | - Chuanlong Wu
- Department of Endocrinology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Zhiyan Liu
- Department of Pathology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Lanxiang Hao
- Department of Endocrinology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China.,Department of Endocrinology, Yancheng First People's Hospital, Yancheng 224001, China
| | - Shanshan Fan
- Department of Endocrinology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Fang Jiang
- Department of Endocrinology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Yan Xie
- Department of Endocrinology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Ling Jiang
- Department of Endocrinology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
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66
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Lejonklou MH, Dunder L, Bladin E, Pettersson V, Rönn M, Lind L, Waldén TB, Lind PM. Effects of Low-Dose Developmental Bisphenol A Exposure on Metabolic Parameters and Gene Expression in Male and Female Fischer 344 Rat Offspring. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2017; 125:067018. [PMID: 28657538 PMCID: PMC5743697 DOI: 10.1289/ehp505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2016] [Revised: 12/19/2016] [Accepted: 12/20/2016] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bisphenol A (BPA) is an endocrine-disrupting chemical that may contribute to development of obesity and metabolic disorders. Humans are constantly exposed to low concentrations of BPA, and studies support that the developmental period is particularly sensitive. OBJECTIVES The aim was to investigate the effects of low-dose developmental BPA exposure on metabolic parameters in male and female Fischer 344 (F344) rat offspring. METHODS Pregnant F344 rats were exposed to BPA via their drinking water, corresponding to 0.5 μg/kg BW/d (BPA0.5; n=21) or 50 μg/kg BW/d (BPA50; n=16), from gestational day (GD) 3.5 until postnatal day (PND) 22, and controls were given vehicle (n=26). Body weight (BW), adipose tissue, liver (weight, histology, and gene expression), heart weight, and lipid profile were investigated in the 5-wk-old offspring. RESULTS Males and females exhibited differential susceptibility to the different doses of BPA. Developmental BPA exposure increased plasma triglyceride levels (0.81±0.10 mmol/L compared with 0.57±0.03 mmol/L, females BPA50 p=0.04; 0.81±0.05 mmol/L compared with 0.61±0.04 mmol/L, males BPA0.5 p=0.005) in F344 rat offspring compared with controls. BPA exposure also increased adipocyte cell density by 122% in inguinal white adipose tissue (iWAT) of female offspring exposed to BPA0.5 compared with controls (68.2±4.4 number of adipocytes/HPF compared with 55.9±1.5 number of adipocytes/HPF; p=0.03) and by 123% in BPA0.5 females compared with BPA50 animals (68.2±4.4 number of adipocytes/high power field (HPF) compared with 55.3±2.9 number of adipocytes/HPF; p=0.04). In iWAT of male offspring, adipocyte cell density was increased by 129% in BPA50-exposed animals compared with BPA0.5-exposed animals (69.9±5.1 number of adipocytes/HPF compared with 54.0±3.4 number of adipocytes/HPF; p=0.03). Furthermore, the expression of genes involved in lipid and adipocyte homeostasis was significantly different between exposed animals and controls depending on the tissue, dose, and sex. CONCLUSIONS Developmental exposure to 0.5 μg/kg BW/d of BPA, which is 8-10 times lower than the current preliminary EFSA (European Food Safety Authority) tolerable daily intake (TDI) of 4 μg/kg BW/d and is within the range of environmentally relevant levels, was associated with sex-specific differences in the expression of genes in adipose tissue plasma triglyceride levels in males and adipocyte cell density in females when F344 rat offspring of dams exposed to BPA at 0.5 μg/kg BW/d were compared with the offspring of unexposed controls. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP505.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margareta H Lejonklou
- Department of Medical Sciences, Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Uppsala University , Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Linda Dunder
- Department of Medical Sciences, Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Uppsala University , Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Emelie Bladin
- Department of Medical Sciences, Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Uppsala University , Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Vendela Pettersson
- Department of Medical Sciences, Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Uppsala University , Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Monika Rönn
- Department of Medical Sciences, Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Uppsala University , Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Lars Lind
- Department of Medical Sciences, Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Uppsala University , Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Tomas B Waldén
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University , Uppsala, Sweden
| | - P Monica Lind
- Department of Medical Sciences, Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Uppsala University , Uppsala, Sweden
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67
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Comparative evaluation of salivary bisphenol A levels in patients wearing vacuum-formed and Hawley retainers: An in-vivo study. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2017; 151:471-476. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ajodo.2016.07.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2016] [Revised: 07/01/2016] [Accepted: 07/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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68
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Lejonklou MH, Christiansen S, Örberg J, Shen L, Larsson S, Boberg J, Hass U, Lind PM. Low-dose developmental exposure to bisphenol A alters the femoral bone geometry in wistar rats. CHEMOSPHERE 2016; 164:339-346. [PMID: 27592323 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.08.114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2016] [Revised: 08/22/2016] [Accepted: 08/23/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bisphenol A (BPA) is a chemical produced in large volumes for use in manufacturing of consumer products and industrial applications, and an endocrine disruptor known to affect several hormonal systems. Bone produces hormones and is additionally a sensitive hormone target tissue, and is thus potentially sensitive to low doses of endocrine disruptors such as BPA, especially during development. METHODS 110 pregnant Wistar rats were gavaged with 0; 25 μg; 250 μg; 5000 μg or 50,000 μg BPA/kg bodyweight (bw)/day from gestational day 7 until weaning at postnatal day 22. The three-month-old offspring were sacrificed and right femurs collected for length measurements, geometrical measurements by peripheral quantitative computed tomography (pQCT), as well as for analyses of biomechanical properties using the three-point-bending method. RESULTS The femur was elongated in female offspring of dams exposed to 25 or 5000 μg BPA/kg bw/day (1.8% and 2.1%, respectively), and increased cortical thickness (4.7%) was observed in male offspring of dams exposed to 25 μg BPA/kg bw/day, compared to controls (p < 0.005). The biomechanical properties of the bone were not significantly altered. CONCLUSIONS In utero and lactational exposure to the lowest BPA dose used in this study altered femoral geometry in both male and female offspring. This was observed at 25 μg BPA/kg bw/day, a dose lower than the Human Equivalent Dose (HED) applied by EFSA to set a temporary TDI (609 μg BPA/kg bw/day), and far lower than the No-Observed-Adverse-Effect-Level (NOAEL) (5000 μg BPA/kg bw/day) on which the US FDA TDI is based.
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Affiliation(s)
- M H Lejonklou
- Department of Medical Sciences, Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Box 256, Uppsala University, SE-751 85 Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - S Christiansen
- Division of Diet, Disease Prevention and Toxicology, Technical University of Denmark, Mørkhøj Bygade 19, DK-2860 Søborg, Denmark
| | - J Örberg
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, Evolutionary Biology Centre, Box 256, Uppsala University, SE-75105 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - L Shen
- Department of Medical Sciences, Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Box 256, Uppsala University, SE-751 85 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - S Larsson
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Section of Orthopedics, Box 256, Uppsala University, SE-75185 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - J Boberg
- Division of Diet, Disease Prevention and Toxicology, Technical University of Denmark, Mørkhøj Bygade 19, DK-2860 Søborg, Denmark
| | - U Hass
- Division of Diet, Disease Prevention and Toxicology, Technical University of Denmark, Mørkhøj Bygade 19, DK-2860 Søborg, Denmark
| | - P M Lind
- Department of Medical Sciences, Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Box 256, Uppsala University, SE-751 85 Uppsala, Sweden
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69
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Felton RP, Juliar BE, Olson GR, Delclos KB. A comment on the discussion and application of statistical methods in Mandrup et al
. Low-dose effects of bisphenol A on mammary gland development in rats (Andrology 4: 673-683, 2016). Andrology 2016; 5:194-195. [DOI: 10.1111/andr.12298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2016] [Accepted: 10/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- R. P. Felton
- Division of Bioinformatics and Biostatistics; National Center for Toxicological Research; Jefferson AR USA
| | - B. E. Juliar
- Division of Bioinformatics and Biostatistics; National Center for Toxicological Research; Jefferson AR USA
| | - G. R. Olson
- Toxicologic Pathology Associates; National Center for Toxicological Research; Jefferson AR USA
| | - K. B. Delclos
- Division of Biochemical Toxicology; National Center for Toxicological Research; Jefferson AR USA
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70
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Mertens B, Van Hoeck E, Blaude MN, Simon C, Onghena M, Vandermarken T, Van Langenhove K, Demaegdt H, Vandermeiren K, Covaci A, Scippo ML, Elskens M, Van Loco J. Evaluation of the potential health risks of substances migrating from polycarbonate replacement baby bottles. Food Chem Toxicol 2016; 97:108-119. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2016.08.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2016] [Revised: 07/19/2016] [Accepted: 08/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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71
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Alenazi NA, Manthorpe JM, Lai EPC. Selectivity Enhancement in Molecularly Imprinted Polymers for Binding of Bisphenol A. SENSORS 2016; 16:s16101697. [PMID: 27754429 PMCID: PMC5087485 DOI: 10.3390/s16101697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2016] [Revised: 09/29/2016] [Accepted: 10/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Bisphenol A (BPA) is an estrogen-mimicking chemical that can be selectively detected in water using a chemical sensor based on molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs). However, the utility of BPA-MIPs in sensor applications is limited by the presence of non-specific binding sites. This study explored a dual approach to eliminating these sites: optimizing the molar ratio of the template (bisphenol A) to functional monomer (methacrylic acid) to cross-linker (ethylene glycol dimethacrylate), and esterifying the carboxylic acid residues outside of specific binding sites by treatment with diazomethane. The binding selectivity of treated MIPs and non-treated MIPs for BPA and several potential interferents was compared by capillary electrophoresis with ultraviolet detection. Baclofen, diclofenac and metformin were demonstrated to be good model interferents to test all MIPs for selective binding of BPA. Treated MIPs demonstrated a significant decrease in binding of the interferents while offering high selectivity toward BPA. These results demonstrate that conventional optimization of the molar ratio, together with advanced esterification of non-specific binding sites, effectively minimizes the residual binding of interferents with MIPs to facilitate BPA sensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noof A Alenazi
- Department of Chemistry, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada.
| | - Jeffrey M Manthorpe
- Department of Chemistry, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada.
| | - Edward P C Lai
- Department of Chemistry, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada.
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72
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Why did researchers not use realistic doses in animal studies of bisphenol A? Arch Toxicol 2016; 91:1519-1522. [DOI: 10.1007/s00204-016-1840-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2016] [Accepted: 08/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Andersson AM, Bay K, Frederiksen H, Skakkebaek NE. Endocrine disrupters: we need research, biomonitoring and action. Andrology 2016; 4:556-60. [DOI: 10.1111/andr.12244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A.-M. Andersson
- Department of Growth and Reproduction; International Center for Research and Research Training in Endocrine Disruption of Male Reproduction and Child Health (EDMaRC); Rigshospitalet; Copenhagen Denmark
| | - K. Bay
- Department of Growth and Reproduction; International Center for Research and Research Training in Endocrine Disruption of Male Reproduction and Child Health (EDMaRC); Rigshospitalet; Copenhagen Denmark
| | - H. Frederiksen
- Department of Growth and Reproduction; International Center for Research and Research Training in Endocrine Disruption of Male Reproduction and Child Health (EDMaRC); Rigshospitalet; Copenhagen Denmark
| | - N. E. Skakkebaek
- Department of Growth and Reproduction; International Center for Research and Research Training in Endocrine Disruption of Male Reproduction and Child Health (EDMaRC); Rigshospitalet; Copenhagen Denmark
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74
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Vandenberg LN, Prins GS. Clarity in the face of confusion: new studies tip the scales on bisphenol A (BPA). Andrology 2016; 4:561-4. [PMID: 27189146 DOI: 10.1111/andr.12219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- L N Vandenberg
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health and Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts - Amherst, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - G S Prins
- Department of Urology, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
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Boberg J, Axelstad M, Svingen T, Mandrup K, Christiansen S, Vinggaard AM, Hass U. Multiple Endocrine Disrupting Effects in Rats Perinatally Exposed to Butylparaben. Toxicol Sci 2016; 152:244-56. [DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfw079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
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