51
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Liu K, Thompson RC, Watson J, Montena AL, Warren SL. Developmental Trajectories of Internalizing and Externalizing Symptoms in Youth and Associated Gender Differences: A Directed Network Perspective. Res Child Adolesc Psychopathol 2023; 51:1627-1639. [PMID: 37548898 PMCID: PMC10627904 DOI: 10.1007/s10802-023-01106-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
Psychopathology in youth is highly prevalent and associated with psychopathology in adulthood. However, the developmental trajectories of psychopathology symptoms, including potential gender differences, are markedly underspecified. The present study employed a directed network approach to investigate longitudinal relationships and gender differences among eight transdiagnostic symptom domains across three years, in a homogenous age sample of youth participants (n = 6,414; mean baseline age = 10.0 years; 78.6% White; Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development study). Anxious/depressed problems and aggressive behaviors were central symptoms and most predictive of increases in other symptom clusters at later timepoints. Rule-breaking behaviors, aggressive behaviors, and withdrawn/depressed problems emerged as bridge symptoms between externalizing and internalizing problems. Results supported cascade models in which externalizing problems predicted future internalizing problems, but internalizing problems also significantly predicted future externalizing problems, which is contrary to cascade models. Network structure, symptom centrality, and patterns of bridge symptoms differed between female and male participants, suggesting gender differences in the developmental trajectories of youth psychopathology. Results provide new insights into symptom trajectories and associated gender differences that may provide promising pathways for understanding disorder (dis)continuity and co-occurrence. The central and bridge symptoms identified here may have important implications for screening and early intervention for youth psychopathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Liu
- Department of Psychology, Palo Alto University, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Ryan C Thompson
- Department of Psychology, Palo Alto University, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Jessica Watson
- Department of Psychology, Palo Alto University, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | | | - Stacie L Warren
- Department of Psychology, Palo Alto University, Palo Alto, CA, USA.
- Department of Psychology, School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, The University of Texas at Dallas, TX, Richardson, USA.
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Li Y, Kang Y, Zhu L, Yuan M, Li Y, Xu B, Zhang X, Wang G, Su P. Longitudinal correlates of bullying victimization among Chinese early adolescents: A cross-lagged panel network analysis. J Affect Disord 2023; 339:203-210. [PMID: 37437736 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2023.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2023] [Revised: 06/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bullying victimization is a major public health issue often faced by adolescents. This highlights the need to identify the relevant risk factors to inform intervention. Based on the ecological systems theory and applied cross-lagged panel network analysis, this study explored the longitudinal correlates of bullying victimization among Chinese early adolescents. METHODS A total of 1686 early adolescents (60.4 % were boys) from the Chinese Early Adolescent Cohort study were included in this study. Bullying victimization and its associated factors were assessed using the self-report questionnaires, which was administered from 2019 (T1), 2021 (T2), and 2022 (T3). The longitudinal relationships between bullying victimization and its correlates were examined using a cross-lagged panel network analysis. RESULTS 27.0 %, 14.9 %, and 13.2 % of the participants reported being bullied by peers at T1, T2, and T3, respectively. The temporal network suggested that individual-level (sex, depression, and anxiety), family-level (child abuse), school-level (satisfaction with classmates), and social-level (satisfaction with society) factors were associated with bullying victimization. The node with the greatest centrality strength was anxiety. Notably, relationship with teachers and classmates were the unique nodes in the T2 → T3 replication network. LIMITATIONS The sample is unrepresentative, as it is from only one middle school. CONCLUSIONS The findings provide important insights into bullying victimization prevention and intervention among Chinese early adolescents: 1) highlighting the importance of joint interventions across multiple departments; 2) focusing on the most central factors of bullying victimization; and 3) considering the effect of time when exploring the correlates of bullying victimization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Li
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No.81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Yuqi Kang
- Ningxia Rehabilitation Medical Center, People's Hospital of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, No.301 Zhengyuan North Street, Yinchuan 750002, Ningxia, China
| | - Li Zhu
- Affiliated Psychological Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei Fourth People's Hospital, No.316 Huangshan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Mengyuan Yuan
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No.81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Yonghan Li
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No.81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Baoyu Xu
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No.81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Xueying Zhang
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Gengfu Wang
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No.81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China; Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle (Anhui Medical University), Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China; Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health and Aristogenics, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China.
| | - Puyu Su
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No.81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China; Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle (Anhui Medical University), Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China; Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health and Aristogenics, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China.
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53
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Schlechter P, König M, McNally RJ, Morina N. Crying over spilled milk? A network analysis of aversive well-being comparison, brooding rumination and depressive symptoms. J Affect Disord 2023; 339:520-530. [PMID: 37467791 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2023.07.088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2023] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Comparative thinking about one's well-being is ubiquitous. Comparisons that threaten an individual's self-motives are aversive and interact with rumination and depression. Aversive well-being comparisons include upward social, past temporal, counterfactual, and criteria-based comparisons, as well as downward prospective temporal comparisons. Although the frequency, discrepancy, and affective impact of aversive comparison total scores have been associated with brooding rumination and depression, no study has investigated the interaction of specific comparison standards (e.g., social or counterfactual) with symptom cascades of brooding and depressive symptoms. METHODS To examine this interaction, we conducted network analyses on the interplay between aversive well-being comparisons, brooding rumination, and depression. Specifically, we conducted a cross-sectional study in N = 500 dysphoric individuals and a longitudinal study in N = 921 participants at two timepoints, three months apart. Participants completed measures of depression, brooding, and the Comparison Standards Scale for Well-being, which assessed the frequency, perceived discrepancy, and affective impact of aversive well-being comparisons. RESULTS Feelings of worthlessness emerged as the most central attribute in the networks of the dysphoric sample. Longitudinally, brooding and depressive symptoms predicted aversive comparisons, but not the other way around, which accounted for social and other-referent counterfactual comparisons to a greater degree than for other comparison types. LIMITATIONS We used nonclinical samples. CONCLUSIONS The findings highlight the critical role of comparison standards in depression. Further research is warranted to detect potential intervention targets for mitigating negative effects of negative self-evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Meret König
- Institute of Psychology, University of Münster, Germany
| | - Richard J McNally
- Department of Psychology, Harvard University, United States of America
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Ma Z, Wang D, Fu X, Tao Y, Zhang Y, Liu W, Fan F. Prospective network of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms across adolescent survivors with distinct trajectories of PTSD: A cohort study of the Wenchuan earthquake. J Anxiety Disord 2023; 99:102767. [PMID: 37708597 DOI: 10.1016/j.janxdis.2023.102767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Revised: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/03/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
There are multiple trajectories of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms following disasters. Unraveling the patterns of interactions between PTSD symptoms across distinct PTSD trajectories is crucial. This study was aimed at investigating the temporal sequences, changes, and predictive symptoms in PTSD networks over time across distinct PTSD trajectory groups. Data were exacted from the Wenchuan Earthquake Adolescent Health Cohort (WEAHC) study. The current study included 1022 adolescents (424 males) who participated in follow-up surveys at 12 months and 24 months post-earthquake. Self-reported PTSD symptoms were assessed with the Post-traumatic Stress Disorder Self-Rating Scale. The between-person network revealed significant differences across distinct trajectories. In the chronic dysfunction group, "Intrusive thoughts" had the strongest value in predicting on other PTSD symptoms. In contrast, "Difficulty in study or work" in the recovery group and "Physiological cue reactivity" in the resistance group were highly associated with the remission of other PTSD symptoms. These findings underscore the importance of "Difficulty in study or work" and "Physiological cue reactivity" for promoting the spontaneous remission of PTSD and further suggest that "Intrusive thoughts" maybe helpful to minimize the subsequent presence of other PTSD symptoms. Future research should investigate the causality and associations between within-person networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zijuan Ma
- Center for Studies of Psychological Application, School of Psychology, and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dongfang Wang
- Center for Studies of Psychological Application, School of Psychology, and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xueying Fu
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Oxfordlaan 55, 6229 EV Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Yanqiang Tao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Applied Experimental Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Yifan Zhang
- Center for Studies of Psychological Application, School of Psychology, and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenxu Liu
- Center for Studies of Psychological Application, School of Psychology, and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fang Fan
- Center for Studies of Psychological Application, School of Psychology, and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China.
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55
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Imperiale MN, Lieb R, Meinlschmidt G. Treatment-associated network dynamics in patients with globus sensations: a proof-of-concept study. Sci Rep 2023; 13:15615. [PMID: 37730963 PMCID: PMC10511470 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-42186-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023] Open
Abstract
In this proof-of-concept study, we used a systems perspective to conceptualize and investigate treatment-related dynamics (temporal and cross-sectional associations) of symptoms and elements related to the manifestation of a common functional somatic syndrome (FSS), Globus Sensations (GS). We analyzed data from 100 patients (M = 47.1 years, SD = 14.4 years; 64% female) with GS who received eight sessions of group psychotherapy in the context of a randomized controlled trial (RCT). Symptoms and elements were assessed after each treatment session. We applied a multilevel graphical vector-autoregression (ml GVAR) model approach resulting in three separate, complementary networks (temporal, contemporaneous, and between-subject) for an affective, cognitive, and behavioral dimension, respectively. GS were not temporally associated with any affective, cognitive, and behavioral elements. Temporally, catastrophizing cognitions predicted bodily weakness (r = 0.14, p < 0.01, 95% confidence interval (CI) [0.04-0.23]) and GS predicted somatic distress (r = 0.18, p < 0.05, 95% CI [0.04-0.33]). Potential causal pathways between catastrophizing cognitions and bodily weakness as well as GS and somatic distress may reflect treatment-related temporal change processes in patients with GS. Our study illustrates how dynamic NA can be used in the context of outcome research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina N Imperiale
- Division of Clinical Psychology and Epidemiology, Department of Psychology, University of Basel, Missionsstrasse 62a, 4055, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Roselind Lieb
- Division of Clinical Psychology and Epidemiology, Department of Psychology, University of Basel, Missionsstrasse 62a, 4055, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Gunther Meinlschmidt
- Division of Clinical Psychology and Epidemiology, Department of Psychology, University of Basel, Missionsstrasse 62a, 4055, Basel, Switzerland.
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, International Psychoanalytic University (IPU) Berlin, Stromstrasse 1, 10555, Berlin, Germany.
- Department of Digital and Blended Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Psychosomatic Medicine, University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, Hebelstrasse 2, 4031, Basel, Switzerland.
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Zhou J, Zhang L, Gong X. Longitudinal network relations between symptoms of problematic internet game use and internalizing and externalizing problems among Chinese early adolescents. Soc Sci Med 2023; 333:116162. [PMID: 37597420 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2023.116162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2022] [Revised: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/21/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE There has been growing evidence of comorbidity between problematic internet game use and internalizing and externalizing problems in young people. However, little is known about the directionality and gender differences in these longitudinal relations at the symptoms level in the framework of network theory among youth. This study estimated the longitudinal relations between the symptoms of problematic internet game use, internalizing and externalizing problems, and the gender differences of these relations in Chinese youth using cross-lagged panel network modeling (CLPN). METHODS A sample of 1269 Chinese youth (M age = 10.35 years) participated in this study semi-annually at two time points. CLPN analysis was used to calculate the network model of problematic internet game use and internalizing and externalizing problems to explore bridge symptoms and find transmission pathways between problematic internet game use and internalizing and externalizing problems. RESULTS The CLPN revealed significant gender differences. For boys, depressed mood, which leads to relationships turning sour in order to play online games, bridges the relations between internalizing symptoms and problematic internet game use. For girls, irritability is the central predictive symptom, causing a range of problems related to problematic internet game use, which can, in turn, lead to fights or feelings of worthlessness. However, the effect sizes for the pathways between problematic internet game use and internalizing/externalizing problems were relatively weak, and the comorbidity between their relations should not be over-interpreted. CONCLUSIONS The current findings provide new evidence for understanding the directional relationship between the central characteristics of problematic internet game use and internalizing and externalizing problems in boys and girls. Gender-specific interventions targeting the central symptoms of internalizing and externalizing problems and problematic internet game use can help mitigate the vicious cycle of comorbidity among adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianhua Zhou
- School of Psychology, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, China.
| | - Lulu Zhang
- School of Psychology, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK.
| | - Xue Gong
- Department of Psychology, Normal College, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.
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Li K, Ren X, Ren L, Tan X, Zhao M, Liu C, Luo X, Feng Z, Dai Q. The Ripple Effect: Unveiling the Bidirectional Relationship Between Negative Life Events and Depressive Symptoms in Medical Cadets. Psychol Res Behav Manag 2023; 16:3399-3412. [PMID: 37664139 PMCID: PMC10473435 DOI: 10.2147/prbm.s419991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Previous studies have explored the relationship between negative life events and depression, but little is known about the bidirectional relationship between negative life events and depression, particularly in specific groups of medical cadets. Purpose This study aimed to explore the relationship between negative life events and depressive symptoms among medical cadets during their four years of college. Methods An analysis of 4-wave longitudinal data collected from 2015-2018 was conducted using a cross-lagged panel network (CLPN) model to explore the complex causal relationship between negative life events and depressive symptoms in medical cadets (N=433). Results We found differences in negative life events and depressive symptoms among medical cadets across four network models over four years of university. Nodes A-21, A-20, A-23 and A-24, and depressive symptoms D-6 showed greater lagged effect values. Conclusion Our findings suggest that there is a lagged and mutually causal interaction between negative life events and depressive symptoms in medical cadets over 4 years of college, but that the predictability of negative life events is more important. However, more attention needs to be paid to the predictive role of depressive symptoms, especially those in early life which are often overlooked. Our study provides new insights into the relationship between negative life events and depressive symptoms in university students and helps to refine strategies for prevention and intervention of depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuiliang Li
- Department of Medical English, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Army Medical University, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaomei Ren
- Department of Medical Psychology, Army Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Ren
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xuejiao Tan
- Department of Medical English, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Army Medical University, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Mengxue Zhao
- Department of Medical Psychology, Army Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Chang Liu
- BrainPark, Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health and School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Xi Luo
- Department of Medical English, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Army Medical University, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhengzhi Feng
- Department of Medical Psychology, Army Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Qin Dai
- Department of Medical Psychology, Army Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
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Sun R, Lam LW, Wu AMS. Work addiction in Chinese white-collar workers: the psychometric properties of its measure and its comorbidity with general anxiety in network analysis. BMC Psychol 2023; 11:214. [PMID: 37491337 PMCID: PMC10369739 DOI: 10.1186/s40359-023-01247-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Work addiction (WA) threatens occupation-related health in many countries including China. This research aims to evaluate the psychometric properties of the Chinese version of Bergen Work Addiction Scale (BWAS), the most common measure of WA, to facilitate relevant studies in Chinese workers. A network analysis was further conducted to identify central and bridge symptoms within the WA-anxiety network to improve intervention practices. METHODS A total of 694 Chinese white-collar workers completed an online questionnaire survey in March of 2022, and the responses to BWAS from a subsample of 50 participants one month after this survey were also collected. RESULTS The unidimensionality of BWAS was supported by results of exploratory factor analysis, exploratory graph analysis, and confirmatory factor analysis and we found satisfactory internal consistency and acceptable test-retest reliability. Multiple-group factor analyses confirmed the measurement invariance of BWAS across genders, districts (i.e., central China, eastern China, western China, and northeastern China), and age groups (i.e., young and middle-aged adults) while the convergent validity of BWAS was demonstrated by its significant correlations with Dutch Work Addiction Scale (r = 0.62, p < 0.001) and its criterion validity was indicated by its significant correlations with general anxiety, weekly work hours, and health status (r = -0.16 to 0.31, p < 0.001-0.01). Network analysis further revealed two central symptoms (WA-tolerance and WA-problems) and three bridge symptoms (WA-problems, WA-mood modification, and mouth dryness of general anxiety) maintaining the WA-anxiety comorbidity. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that BWAS is a valid measure of WA in Chinese workers and interventions should put special attention to the identified central and bridge symptoms underlying the WA-anxiety network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruimei Sun
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Macau, Avenida da Universidade, Taipa, Macao SAR, China
- Center for Cognitive and Brain Sciences, University of Macau, Avenida da Universidade, Taipa, Macao SAR, China
| | - Long W Lam
- Center for Cognitive and Brain Sciences, University of Macau, Avenida da Universidade, Taipa, Macao SAR, China
- Department of Management and Marketing, Faculty of Business Administration, University of Macau, Avenida da Universidade, Taipa, Macao SAR, China
| | - Anise M S Wu
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Macau, Avenida da Universidade, Taipa, Macao SAR, China.
- Center for Cognitive and Brain Sciences, University of Macau, Avenida da Universidade, Taipa, Macao SAR, China.
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Ma Z, Zhao J, Chen H, Tao Y, Zhang Y, Fan F. Temporal Network of Depressive Symptoms across College Students with Distinct Depressive Trajectories during the COVID-19 Pandemic. Depress Anxiety 2023; 2023:8469620. [PMID: 40224588 PMCID: PMC11921855 DOI: 10.1155/2023/8469620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/15/2025] Open
Abstract
Background There are marked differences in how individuals respond and adapt to depressive symptoms over time during the strain of public health emergencies; however, few studies have examined the interrelations between depressive symptoms in distinct depressive trajectories from the COVID-19 outbreak period to the COVID-19 control period. Therefore, this study conducted cross-lagged panel networks to investigate the temporal relationships between depressive symptoms across distinct depressive trajectories from the COVID-19 outbreak period (T1) to the COVID-19 control period (T2). Methods A total of 35,516 young participants from the College Students' Behavior and Health Cohort during the COVID-19 pandemic were included in the current study. Depressive symptoms were self-reported using the nine-item Patient Health Questionnaire. Unique longitudinal relationships between symptoms during the COVID-19 pandemic were estimated using a cross-lagged panel network. Results Longitudinal relationships across distinct depressive trajectories were unique during the COVID-19 pandemic. Specifically, suicidal ideation at T1 in the chronic- and delayed-dysfunction groups was most predictive of other symptoms at T2, whereas "sleep" at T1 in the recovery group and "lack of energy" at T1 in the resistance group may be strongly related to the remission of other depressive symptoms at T2. Conclusions These exploratory findings demonstrate the directionality of relationships underlying individual symptoms in the youth and highlight suicidal ideation, sleep, and energy as potential influencers of other depressive symptoms across distinct depressive trajectories. Targeting those symptoms during the outbreak period of COVID 19 would theoretically have been beneficial in preventing and/or reducing the likelihood of spontaneous depression during the subsequent control period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zijuan Ma
- Center for Studies of Psychological Application, School of Psychology, and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jingbo Zhao
- Department of Psychology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huilin Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, UK
| | - Yanqiang Tao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Applied Experimental Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Yifan Zhang
- Center for Studies of Psychological Application, School of Psychology, and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fang Fan
- Center for Studies of Psychological Application, School of Psychology, and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
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Comorbidity of posttraumatic stress disorder and depression among adolescents following an earthquake: A longitudinal study based on network analysis. J Affect Disord 2023; 324:354-363. [PMID: 36586597 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2022.12.119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND High comorbidity between posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and depression among adolescents often follows severe traumatic events. Models on the pathway to comorbidity dispute greatly and how PTSD and depression get comorbidity, remain unclear. METHODS A follow-up investigation was conducted of 424 adolescent survivors of the Jiuzhaigou earthquake at 12 months (T1) and 27 months (T2). RESULTS Contemporaneous network analysis and cross-lagged panel network analysis showed that PTSD and depression are two separate disorders with strong associations via links between dysphoric symptoms of PTSD and somatic or non-somatic symptoms of depression. However, the association weakened from T1 to T2, and internal connections between symptoms within each disorder became stronger. LIMITATION We only measured the comorbidity of PTSD and depression at two time points following the earthquake, which may limit the long-term applicability of our findings following trauma. CONCLUSIONS The findings also showed that the centrality in contemporaneous networks may indicate node connectivity rather than the influence or potential causality among nodes. These results help to elucidate the relationship between PTSD and depression and could contribute to the development of appropriate therapies.
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Wong KKY, Wang Y, Esposito G, Raine A. A three-timepoint network analysis of Covid-19's impact on schizotypal traits, paranoia and mental health through loneliness. UCL OPEN ENVIRONMENT 2022; 4:e044. [PMID: 37228468 PMCID: PMC10208351 DOI: 10.14324/111.444/ucloe.000044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The 2019 coronavirus (Covid-19) pandemic has impacted people's mental wellbeing. Studies to date have examined the prevalence of mental health symptoms (anxiety and depression), yet fewer longitudinal studies have compared across background factors and other psychological variables to identify vulnerable subgroups in the general population. This study tests to what extent higher levels of schizotypal traits and paranoia are associated with mental health variables 6- and 12-months since April 2020. Over 2300 adult volunteers (18-89 years, female = 74.9%) with access to the study link online were recruited from the UK, the USA, Greece and Italy. Self-reported levels of schizotypy, paranoia, anxiety, depression, aggression, loneliness and stress from three timepoints (17 April to 13 July 2020, N1 = 1599; 17 October to 31 January 2021, N2 = 774; and 17 April to 31 July 2021, N3 = 586) were mapped using network analysis and compared across time and background variables (sex, age, income, country). Schizotypal traits and paranoia were positively associated with poorer mental health through loneliness, with no effect of age, sex, income levels, countries and timepoints. Loneliness was the most influential variable across all networks, despite overall reductions in levels of loneliness, schizotypy, paranoia and aggression during the easing of lockdown (time 3). Individuals with higher levels of schizotypal traits/paranoia reported poorer mental health outcomes than individuals in the low-trait groups. Schizotypal traits and paranoia are associated with poor mental health outcomes through self-perceived feelings of loneliness, suggesting that increasing social/community cohesion may improve individuals' mental wellbeing in the long run.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keri Ka-Yee Wong
- Department of Psychology and Human Development, University College London, London, UK
| | - Yi Wang
- Neuropsychology and Applied Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Gianluca Esposito
- Department of Psychology and Cognitive Science, University of Trento, Rovereto, Italy
- Psychology Program, School of Social Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Adrian Raine
- Departments of Criminology, Psychiatry, and Psychology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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Zainal NH, Newman MG. Elevated Anxious and Depressed Mood Relates to Future Executive Dysfunction in Older Adults: A Longitudinal Network Analysis of Psychopathology and Cognitive Functioning. Clin Psychol Sci 2022; 11:218-238. [PMID: 36993876 PMCID: PMC10046395 DOI: 10.1177/21677026221114076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Vulnerability models posit that executive-functioning (EF) problems centrally affect future common (vs. rare) psychopathology symptoms. Conversely, scar theory postulates that depression/anxiety (vs. other psychopathology) symptoms centrally influence reduced EF. However, most studies so far have been cross-sectional. We used cross-lagged panel network analysis to determine temporal and component-to-component relations on this topic. Community older adults participated across four time points. Cognitive tests and the caregiver-rated Neuropsychiatric Inventory assessed nine psychopathology and eight cognitive-functioning nodes. Nodes with the highest bridge expected influence cross-sectionally were agitation and episodic memory. Episodic memory had the strongest inverse relation with age. Agitation had the strongest negative association with global cognition. EF nodes tended to be centrally affected by prior depressed and anxious moods rather than influential on any future nodes. Heightened anxious and depressed mood (vs. other nodes) centrally predicted future decreased EF-related (vs. non-EF-related) nodes in older adults, supporting scar (vs. vulnerability) theory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nur Hani Zainal
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School
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Tao Y, Niu H, Hou W, Zhang L, Ying R. Hopelessness during and after the COVID-19 pandemic lockdown among Chinese college students: A longitudinal network analysis. J Clin Psychol 2022; 79:748-761. [PMID: 36037244 PMCID: PMC9537977 DOI: 10.1002/jclp.23439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Revised: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In China, recurrent pandemics require frequent city-wide lockdowns and quarantine actions to contain the impact of COVID-19, exposing college students to psychological problems, including hopelessness. Hence, the purpose of helping problematic college students alleviate hopelessness symptoms motivates us to carry out the present study to explore their interrelationship. METHODS Hopelessness (i.e., a complex phenomenon with important clinical consequences, such as depression and suicidality) was investigated in a large longitudinal sample of college students (N = 2787; 58.59% female; age mean ± SD = 18.34 ± 0.92) who were recruited during and after the COVID-19 lockdown using the Beck Hopelessness Scale (BHS). RESULTS Applying the novel approach (i.e., symptom network analysis), the results indicated that the edge of #BHS1 (i.e., [NOT] hope-enthusiasm)-#BHS15 (i.e., [NOT] faith-in-the-future) showed the strongest association both in Wave 1 and Wave 2. Similarly, #BHS20 (i.e., not-trying) had the highest node expectedinfluence (centrality) in the hopelessness symptoms network both among Wave 1 and Wave 2. The Network Comparison Test indicated that the global network strength significantly differed between the two time points. As expected, college students' hopelessness will gradually dissipate with the end of segregation control. The stability and accuracy indicated that the network analysis results were trustworthy. CONCLUSIONS The study findings provide evidence that central nodes and edges connecting symptoms should be addressed. Further interventions and treatments that may target these symptoms are essential to effectively alleviate the overall hopelessness level among college students. Theoretical and clinical potential consequences were discussed in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanqiang Tao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Applied Experimental Psychology, Faculty of PsychologyBeijing Normal UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Haiqun Niu
- School of PsychologyNanjing Normal UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Wenxin Hou
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Applied Experimental Psychology, Faculty of PsychologyBeijing Normal UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Liang Zhang
- Student Mental Health Education CenterNortheast Agricultural UniversityHarbinChina
| | - Ronghua Ying
- School of PsychologyNanjing Normal UniversityNanjingChina
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Conlin WE, Hoffman M, Steinley D, Sher KJ. Cross-sectional and longitudinal AUD symptom networks: They tell different stories. Addict Behav 2022; 131:107333. [PMID: 35429920 PMCID: PMC9491298 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2022.107333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Revised: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Modern theoretical models of Alcohol Use Disorder (AUD) highlight the different functional roles played by various mechanisms associated with different symptoms. Symptom network models (SNMs) offer one approach to modeling AUD symptomatology in a way that could reflect these processes and provide important information on the progression and persistence of disorder. However, much of the research conducted using SNMs relies on cross-sectional data, which has raised questions regarding the extent they reflect dynamic processes. The current study aimed to (a) examine symptom networks of AUD and (b) compare the extent to which cross-sectional network models had similar structures and interpretations as longitudinal network models. 17,360 participants from Wave 1 (2001-2002) and Wave 2 (2003-2004) of the National Epidemiological Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions (NESARC) were used to model cross-sectional and longitudinal AUD symptom networks. The cross-sectional analyses demonstrate high replicability across waves and central symptoms consistent with other cross-sectional studies on addiction networks. The longitudinal network shared much less similarity than the cross-sectional networks and had a substantially different structure. Given the increasing attention given to the network perspective in psychopathology research, the results of this study raise concerns about interpreting cross-sectional symptom networks as representative of temporal changes occurring within a psychological disorder. We conclude that the psychological symptom network literature should be bolstered with additional research on longitudinal network models.
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Affiliation(s)
- William E Conlin
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Missouri, United States.
| | - Michaela Hoffman
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, United States
| | - Douglas Steinley
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Missouri, United States
| | - Kenneth J Sher
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Missouri, United States
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Chavez-Baldini U, Verweij K, de Beurs D, Bockting C, Lok A, Sutterland AL, van Rooijen G, van Wingen G, Denys D, Vulink N, Nieman D. The interplay between psychopathological symptoms: transdiagnostic cross-lagged panel network model. BJPsych Open 2022; 8:e116. [PMID: 35758630 PMCID: PMC9301766 DOI: 10.1192/bjo.2022.516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent paradigm shifts suggest that psychopathology manifests through dynamic interactions between individual symptoms. AIMS To investigate the longitudinal relationships between symptoms in a transdiagnostic sample of patients with psychiatric disorders. METHOD A two-wave, cross-lagged panel network model of 15 nodes representing symptoms of depression, (social) anxiety and attenuated psychotic symptoms was estimated, using baseline and 1-year follow-up data of 222 individuals with psychiatric disorders. Centrality indices were calculated to determine important predictors and outcomes. RESULTS Our results demonstrated that the strongest relationships in the network were between (a) more suicidal ideation predicting more negative self-view, and (b) autoregressive relationships of social anxiety symptoms positively reinforcing themselves. Negative self-view was the most predictable node in the network as it had the highest 'in-expected influence' centrality, and may be an important transdiagnostic outcome symptom. CONCLUSIONS The results give insight into longitudinal interactions between symptoms, which interact in ways that do not adhere to broader diagnostic categories. Our results suggest that self-view can also be a transdiagnostic outcome of psychopathology rather than just a predictor, as is normally posited, and may especially have an important relationship with suicidal ideation. Overall, our study demonstrates the dynamic complexity of psychopathology, and further supports the importance of investigating symptom interactions of different psychopathological dimensions over time and across disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- UnYoung Chavez-Baldini
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Karin Verweij
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Derek de Beurs
- Department of Epidemiology, Netherlands Institute of Mental Health and Addiction (Trimbos Institute), The Netherlands
| | - Claudi Bockting
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Anja Lok
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Arjen L Sutterland
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Geeske van Rooijen
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Guido van Wingen
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Damiaan Denys
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Nienke Vulink
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Dorien Nieman
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Xiao Y, Yip PSF, Pathak J, Mann JJ. Association of Social Determinants of Health and Vaccinations With Child Mental Health During the COVID-19 Pandemic in the US. JAMA Psychiatry 2022; 79:610-621. [PMID: 35475851 PMCID: PMC9047762 DOI: 10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2022.0818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
IMPORTANCE The COVID-19 pandemic disproportionately affected mental health in socioeconomically disadvantaged children in the US. However, little is known about the relationship of preexisting and time-varying social determinants of health (SDoH) at individual and structural levels, vaccination eligibility/rates, and the racial and ethnic differences to trajectories of child mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic. OBJECTIVE To estimate the association of trajectories of child mental health to multilevel SDoH and vaccination eligibility/rates. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS This prospective longitudinal cohort study, conducted from May 16, 2020, to March 2, 2021, integrated structural-level, pandemic-related data with the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) cohort data (release 4.0). The ABCD study recruited 11 878 children (baseline) and conducted 6 COVID-19 rapid response surveys across 21 US sites (in 17 states) from May 16, 2020, to March 2, 2021. EXPOSURES Preexisting individual (eg, household income) and structural (area deprivation) SDoH and time-varying individual (eg, food insecurity, unemployment) and structural (eg, social distancing, vaccination eligibility/rates) SDoH. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Perceived Stress Scale, the National Institutes of Health-Toolbox emotion measures, and COVID-19-related worry. RESULTS The longitudinal sample included 8493 children (mean [SD] age, 9.93 [0.63] years; 5011 girls [47.89%]; 245 Asian [2.34%], 1213 Black [11.59%], 2029 Hispanic [19.39%], 5851 White [55.93%], and 1124 children of other/multiracial ethnicity [10.74%]). Trajectories of stress, sadness, and COVID-19-related worry decreased after adult vaccination rollout. Compared with younger children, boys, White children, or those living with married parents, those who reported greater perceived stress included older children aged 12 to 15 years (β = 0.26; 95% CI, 0.12-0.41; P < .001); girls (β = 0.75; 95% CI, 0.61-0.89; P < .001); Hispanic children (β = 0.24; 95% CI, 0.01-0.47; P = .04); children living with separated parents (β = 0.50; 95% CI, 0.03-0.96; P = .04); children experiencing disrupted medical health care access (β = 0.19; 95% CI, 0.01-0.36; P = .04); children living in economically deprived neighborhoods (β = 0.28; 95% CI, 0.05-0.51; P = .02); children living in areas with more full-time working-class adults who were unable to social distance (β = 1.35; 95% CI, 0.13-2.67; P = .04); and children living in states with fewer fully vaccinated adults (β = 0.59; 95% CI, 0.16-1.02; P = .007). COVID-19 pandemic-related worry was higher among Asian children (β = 0.22; 95% CI, 0.08-0.37; P = .003), Black children (β = 0.33; 95% CI, 0.22-0.43; P < .001), children of other/multiracial ethnicity (β = 0.17; 95% CI, 0.09-0.25; P < .001), and children with disrupted medical health care (β = 0.15; 95% CI, 0.09-0.21) and disrupted mental health treatment (β = 0.11; 95% CI, 0.06-0.16). Inability to afford food was associated with increased sadness (β = 1.50; 95% CI, 0.06-2.93; P = .04). States with later vaccination eligibility dates for all adults were associated with greater COVID-19-related worry (β = 0.16; 95% CI, 0.01-0.31; P = .03) and decreased positive affect (β = -1.78; 95% CI, -3.39 to -0.18; P = .03) among children. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE Results of this study suggest a disproportionately adverse association of the COVID-19 pandemic with child mental health among racial and ethnic minority groups, which may be improved by addressing modifiable individual (food insecurity, unemployment, health services, parental supervision) and structural (area deprivation, job protection, vaccination) SDoH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunyu Xiao
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York–Presbyterian, New York
| | - Paul Siu-Fai Yip
- Hong Kong Jockey Club Centre for Suicide Research and Prevention, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong,Department of Social Work and Social Administration, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Jyotishman Pathak
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York–Presbyterian, New York
| | - J. John Mann
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, Columbia University, New York, New York,Department of Radiology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, Columbia University, New York, New York,Division of Molecular Imaging and Neuropathology, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York
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Suen PJC, Bacchi PS, Razza L, Dos Santos LA, Fatori D, Klein I, Passos IC, Smoller JW, Bauermeister S, Goulart AC, de Souza Santos I, Bensenor IM, Lotufo PA, Heeren A, Brunoni AR. Examining the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic through the lens of the network approach to psychopathology: Analysis of the Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Health (ELSA-Brasil) cohort over a 12-year timespan. J Anxiety Disord 2022; 85:102512. [PMID: 34911001 PMCID: PMC8653404 DOI: 10.1016/j.janxdis.2021.102512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Revised: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Cohort studies have displayed mixed findings on changes in mental symptoms severity in 2020, when the COVID-19 pandemic outbreak started. Network approaches can provide additional insights by analyzing the connectivity of such symptoms. We assessed the network structure of mental symptoms in the Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Health (ELSA-Brasil) in 3 waves: 2008-2010, 2017-2019, and 2020, and hypothesized that the 2020 network would present connectivity changes. We used the Clinical Interview Scheduled-Revised (CIS-R) questionnaire to evaluates the severity of 14 common mental symptoms. Networks were graphed using unregularized Gaussian models and compared using centrality and connectivity measures. The predictive power of centrality measures and individual symptoms were also estimated. Among 2011 participants (mean age: 62.1 years, 58% females), the pandemic symptom 2020 network displayed higher overall connectivity, especially among symptoms that were related to general worries, with increased local connectivity between general worries and worries about health, as well as between anxiety and phobia symptoms. There was no difference between 2008 and 2010 and 2017-2019 networks. According to the network theory of mental disorders, external factors could explain why the network structure became more densely connected in 2020 compared to previous observations. We speculate that the COVID-19 pandemic and its innumerous social, economical, and political consequences were prominent external factors driving such changes; although further assessments are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Pedro Starzynski Bacchi
- Departamento e Instituto de Psiquiatria & Laboratory of Neurosciences (LIM-27), Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lais Razza
- Departamento e Instituto de Psiquiatria & Laboratory of Neurosciences (LIM-27), Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Leonardo Afonso Dos Santos
- Departamento e Instituto de Psiquiatria & Laboratory of Neurosciences (LIM-27), Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Daniel Fatori
- Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Izio Klein
- Departamento e Instituto de Psiquiatria & Laboratory of Neurosciences (LIM-27), Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ives Cavalcante Passos
- Department of Psychiatry, Laboratory of Molecular Psychiatry and Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia Translacional em Medicina (INCT-TM), Centro de Pesquisa Experimental (CPE) and Centro de Pesquisa Clínica (CPC), Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Jordan W Smoller
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Alessandra Carvalho Goulart
- Centro de Pesquisas Clínicas e Epidemiológicas, Hospital Universitário, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Itamar de Souza Santos
- Centro de Pesquisas Clínicas e Epidemiológicas, Hospital Universitário, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Isabela Martins Bensenor
- Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; Departamento e Instituto de Psiquiatria & Laboratory of Neurosciences (LIM-27), Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; Centro de Pesquisas Clínicas e Epidemiológicas, Hospital Universitário, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Paulo Andrade Lotufo
- Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; Departamento e Instituto de Psiquiatria & Laboratory of Neurosciences (LIM-27), Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; Centro de Pesquisas Clínicas e Epidemiológicas, Hospital Universitário, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Alexandre Heeren
- Psychological Sciences Research Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium; Institute of Neuroscience, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Andre Russowsky Brunoni
- Departamento e Instituto de Psiquiatria & Laboratory of Neurosciences (LIM-27), Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; Centro de Pesquisas Clínicas e Epidemiológicas, Hospital Universitário, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; Departamento de Clínica Médica, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
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Damme KS, Park JS, Vargas T, Walther S, Shankman SA, Mittal VA. Motor abnormalities, depression risk, and clinical course in adolescence. BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY GLOBAL OPEN SCIENCE 2022; 2:61-69. [PMID: 35419552 PMCID: PMC9000199 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpsgos.2021.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Revised: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Motor abnormalities, such as psychomotor agitation and retardation, are widely recognized as core features of depression. However, it is not currently known if motor abnormalities connote risk for depression. Methods Using data from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study, a nationally representative sample of youth (n=10,835, 9-11 years old), the present paper examines whether motor abnormalities are associated with (a) depression symptoms in early adolescence, (b) familial risk for depression (familial risk loading), and (c) future depression symptoms. Motor abnormalities measures included traditional (DSM) motor signs such as psychomotor agitation and retardation as well as other motor domains such as developmental motor delays and dyscoordination. Results Traditional motor abnormalities were less prevalent (agitation=3.2%, retardation=0.3%) than non-traditional domains (delays=13.79%, coordination=35.5%) among adolescents. Motor dysfunction was associated with depression symptoms (Cohen's ds=0.02 to 0.12). Familial risk for depression was related to motor abnormalities (Cohen's ds=0.08 to 0.27), with the exception of motor retardation. Family vulnerability varied in sensitivity to depression risk (e.g., retardation: .53%; dyscoordination: 32.05%). Baseline endorsement of motor abnormalities predicted future depression symptoms at one-year follow-up. Conclusions These findings suggest that motor signs reflect a novel, promising future direction for examining vulnerability to depression risk in early adolescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine S.F. Damme
- Department of Psychology, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois
- Institute for Innovations in Developmental Sciences, Northwestern University, Evanston and Chicago, Illinois
| | - Jadyn S. Park
- Department of Psychology, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois
- Department of Psychiatry, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Teresa Vargas
- Department of Psychology, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois
- Institute for Innovations in Developmental Sciences, Northwestern University, Evanston and Chicago, Illinois
| | - Sebastian Walther
- Translational Research Center, University Hospital of Psychiatry, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Stewart A. Shankman
- Department of Psychology, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois
- Institute for Innovations in Developmental Sciences, Northwestern University, Evanston and Chicago, Illinois
- Department of Psychiatry, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Vijay A. Mittal
- Department of Psychology, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois
- Institute for Innovations in Developmental Sciences, Northwestern University, Evanston and Chicago, Illinois
- Medical Social Sciences, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
- Institute for Policy Research, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
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Longitudinal network model of the co-development of temperament, executive functioning, and psychopathology symptoms in youth with and without ADHD. Dev Psychopathol 2021; 33:1803-1820. [DOI: 10.1017/s0954579421000900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
AbstractAttention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common, chronic, and impairing disorder, yet presentations of ADHD and clinical course are highly heterogeneous. Despite substantial research efforts, both (a) the secondary co-occurrence of ADHD and complicating additional clinical problems and (b) the developmental pathways leading toward or away from recovery through adolescence remain poorly understood. Resolving these requires accounting for transactional influences of a large number of features across development. Here, we applied a longitudinal cross-lagged panel network model to a multimodal, multilevel dataset in a well-characterized sample of 488 children (nADHD = 296) to test Research Domain Criteria initiative-inspired hypotheses about transdiagnostic risk. Network features included Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders symptoms, trait-based ratings of emotional functioning (temperament), and performance-based measures of cognition. Results confirmed that ADHD symptom domains, temperamental irritability, and working memory are independent transdiagnostic risk factors for psychopathology based on their direct associations with other features across time. ADHD symptoms and working memory each had direct, independent associations with depression. Results also demonstrated tightly linked co-development of ADHD symptoms and temperamental irritability, consistent with the possibility that this type of anger dysregulation is a core feature that is co-expressed as part of the ADHD phenotype for some children.
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70
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Petrican R, Miles S, Rudd L, Wasiewska W, Graham KS, Lawrence AD. Pubertal timing and functional neurodevelopmental alterations independently mediate the effect of family conflict on adolescent psychopathology. Dev Cogn Neurosci 2021; 52:101032. [PMID: 34781251 PMCID: PMC10436252 DOI: 10.1016/j.dcn.2021.101032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Revised: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
This study tested the hypothesis that early life adversity (ELA) heightens psychopathology risk by concurrently altering pubertal and neurodevelopmental timing, and associated gene transcription signatures. Analyses focused on threat- (family conflict/neighbourhood crime) and deprivation-related ELAs (parental inattentiveness/unmet material needs), using longitudinal data from 1514 biologically unrelated youths in the Adolescent Brain and Cognitive Development (ABCD) study. Typical developmental changes in white matter microstructure corresponded to widespread BOLD signal variability (BOLDsv) increases (linked to cell communication and biosynthesis genes) and region-specific task-related BOLDsv increases/decreases (linked to signal transduction, immune and external environmental response genes). Increasing resting-state (RS), but decreasing task-related BOLDsv predicted normative functional network segregation. Family conflict was the strongest concurrent and prospective contributor to psychopathology, while material deprivation constituted an additive risk factor. ELA-linked psychopathology was predicted by higher Time 1 threat-evoked BOLDSV (associated with axonal development, myelination, cell differentiation and signal transduction genes), reduced Time 2 RS BOLDsv (associated with cell metabolism and attention genes) and greater Time 1 to Time 2 control/attention network segregation. Earlier pubertal timing and neurodevelopmental alterations independently mediated ELA effects on psychopathology. Our results underscore the differential roles of the immediate and wider external environment(s) in concurrent and longer-term ELA consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raluca Petrican
- Cardiff University Brain Research Imaging Centre (CUBRIC), School of Psychology, Cardiff University, Maindy Road, Cardiff CF24 4HQ, United Kingdom.
| | - Sian Miles
- Cardiff University Brain Research Imaging Centre (CUBRIC), School of Psychology, Cardiff University, Maindy Road, Cardiff CF24 4HQ, United Kingdom
| | - Lily Rudd
- Cardiff University Brain Research Imaging Centre (CUBRIC), School of Psychology, Cardiff University, Maindy Road, Cardiff CF24 4HQ, United Kingdom
| | - Wiktoria Wasiewska
- Cardiff University Brain Research Imaging Centre (CUBRIC), School of Psychology, Cardiff University, Maindy Road, Cardiff CF24 4HQ, United Kingdom
| | - Kim S Graham
- Cardiff University Brain Research Imaging Centre (CUBRIC), School of Psychology, Cardiff University, Maindy Road, Cardiff CF24 4HQ, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew D Lawrence
- Cardiff University Brain Research Imaging Centre (CUBRIC), School of Psychology, Cardiff University, Maindy Road, Cardiff CF24 4HQ, United Kingdom
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Ebrahimi OV, Burger J, Hoffart A, Johnson SU. Within- and across-day patterns of interplay between depressive symptoms and related psychopathological processes: a dynamic network approach during the COVID-19 pandemic. BMC Med 2021; 19:317. [PMID: 34844588 PMCID: PMC8629696 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-021-02179-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Revised: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In order to understand the intricate patterns of interplay connected to the formation and maintenance of depressive symptomatology, repeated measures investigations focusing on within-person relationships between psychopathological mechanisms and depressive components are required. METHODS This large-scale preregistered intensive longitudinal study conducted 68,240 observations of 1706 individuals in the general adult population across a 40-day period during the COVID-19 pandemic to identify the detrimental processes involved in depressive states. Daily responses were modeled using multi-level dynamic network analysis to investigate the temporal associations across days, in addition to contemporaneous relationships between depressive components within a daily window. RESULTS Among the investigated psychopathological mechanisms, helplessness predicted the strongest across-day influence on depressive symptoms, while emotion regulation difficulties displayed more proximal interactions with symptomatology. Helplessness was further involved in the amplification of other theorized psychopathological mechanisms including rumination, the latter of which to a greater extent was susceptible toward being influenced rather than temporally influencing other components of depressive states. Distinctive symptoms of depression behaved differently, with depressed mood and anhedonia most prone to being impacted, while lethargy and worthlessness were more strongly associated with outgoing activity in the network. CONCLUSIONS The main mechanism predicting the amplifications of detrimental symptomatology was helplessness. Lethargy and worthlessness revealed greater within-person carry-over effects across days, providing preliminary indications that these symptoms may be more strongly associated with pushing individuals toward prolonged depressive state experiences. The psychopathological processes of rumination, helplessness, and emotion regulation only exhibited interactions with the depressed mood and worthlessness component of depression, being unrelated to lethargy and anhedonia. The findings have implications for the impediment of depressive symptomatology during and beyond the pandemic period. They further outline the gaps in the literature concerning the identification of psychopathological processes intertwined with lethargy and anhedonia on the within-person level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omid V. Ebrahimi
- Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Modum Bad Psychiatric Hospital and Research Center, Vikersund, Norway
| | - Julian Burger
- Department of Psychology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Centre for Urban Mental Health, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- University Medical Center, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Asle Hoffart
- Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Modum Bad Psychiatric Hospital and Research Center, Vikersund, Norway
| | - Sverre Urnes Johnson
- Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Modum Bad Psychiatric Hospital and Research Center, Vikersund, Norway
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72
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Funkhouser CJ, Correa KA, Letkiewicz AM, Cozza EM, Estabrook R, Shankman SA. Evaluating the criterion validity of hierarchical psychopathology dimensions across models: Familial aggregation and associations with research domain criteria (sub)constructs. JOURNAL OF ABNORMAL PSYCHOLOGY 2021; 130:575-586. [PMID: 34553953 DOI: 10.1037/abn0000687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The Hierarchical Taxonomy of Psychopathology (HiTOP) posits that psychopathology is a hierarchy of correlated dimensions. Numerous studies have examined the validity of these dimensions using bifactor models, in which each disorder loads onto both a general and specific factor (e.g., internalizing, externalizing). Although bifactor models tend to fit better than alternative models, concerns have been raised about bifactor model selection, factor reliability, and interpretability. Therefore, we compared the reliability and validity of several higher-order HiTOP dimensions between bifactor and correlated factor models using familial aggregation and associations with Research Domain Criteria (RDoC; sub)constructs as validators. Lifetime psychopathology was assessed in a community sample (N = 504) using dimensional disorder severity scales calculated from semistructured interview data. A series of unidimensional, correlated factor, and bifactor models were fit to model several HiTOP dimensions. A bifactor model with two specific factors (internalizing and disinhibited externalizing) and a correlated two-factor model provided the best fit to the data. HiTOP dimensions had adequate reliability in the correlated factor model, but suboptimal reliability in the bifactor model. The disinhibited externalizing dimension was highly correlated across the two models and was familial, yet largely unrelated to RDoC (sub)constructs in both models. The internalizing dimension in the correlated factor model and the general factor in the bifactor model were highly correlated and had similar validity patterns, suggesting the general factor was largely redundant with the internalizing dimension in the correlated factor model. These findings support concerns about the interpretability of psychopathology dimensions in bifactor models. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).
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73
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Speyer LG, Eisner M, Ribeaud D, Luciano M, Auyeung B, Murray AL. Developmental Relations Between Internalising Problems and ADHD in Childhood: a Symptom Level Perspective. Res Child Adolesc Psychopathol 2021; 49:1567-1579. [PMID: 34363556 PMCID: PMC8557182 DOI: 10.1007/s10802-021-00856-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
ADHD and internalising problems commonly co-occur with up to 50% of children diagnosed with ADHD also suffering from anxiety or depression. However, their developmental relations are currently not well understood. Longitudinal symptom level analyses can provide valuable insights into how difficulties in these areas of psychosocial functioning affect each other. Using Gaussian Graphical Models and Graphical Vector Autoregression Models, this study estimated cross-sectional and longitudinal networks of ADHD and internalising symptoms in 1387 children using parent- and teacher-reported Social Behaviour Questionnaires (SBQ) when children were aged 7, 9 and 11. Cross-sectional and longitudinal networks suggested that ADHD shares reciprocal relations with internalising symptoms through a number of potential bridge symptoms that are primarily connected to anxiety symptoms. High scores on child cannot sit still, is restless, or hyperactive were found to be the strongest bridge symptom acting as an antecedent to higher internalising symptoms whereas child is worried was the strongest antecedent for higher ADHD symptoms. Findings of this study highlight several potential bridge symptoms that may serve as key intervention targets and further emphasise the need for clinicians to assess children presenting with ADHD symptoms for internalising problems and vice versa.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Manuel Eisner
- Violence Research Centre, Institute of Criminology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.,Jacobs Center for Productive Youth Development, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Denis Ribeaud
- Jacobs Center for Productive Youth Development, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Michelle Luciano
- Department of Psychology, Univsersity of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Bonnie Auyeung
- Department of Psychology, Univsersity of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.,Autism Research Centre, Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Aja Louise Murray
- Department of Psychology, Univsersity of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.,Violence Research Centre, Institute of Criminology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
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74
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Goodwill JR. Black Youth's Experiences With Feelings of Worthlessness, Parent Relationships, and Suicide: Findings From a National Probability Survey. J Adolesc Health 2021; 69:294-301. [PMID: 33602614 DOI: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2020.12.141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2020] [Revised: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Suicide has been a leading cause of death for Black youth in the U.S. since the 1980s. Yet, empirical investigations that examine correlates of suicidality and assess within-group differences among Black boys and girls are scant. The current study therefore sought to rectify this gap by assessing whether feelings of worthlessness and parent relationships were associated with suicidality for Black adolescents, while also examining whether youth's experiences are consistent across gender groups. METHODS Data from the 2004-2018 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH) were analyzed using multivariate logistic regression. The NSDUH is a nationally representative probability sample of households in the U.S. Predicted probabilities were plotted to aid interpretation of odds ratios. RESULTS Black girls reported more suicide ideation and attempt. Black girls also reported more feelings of worthlessness, while boys reported fewer fights with their parents. Results from the gender-stratified logistic regression analyses revealed that feelings of worthlessness were associated with significantly greater odds of suicide ideation, planning, and attempt both for Black girls and boys. The frequency of fighting with parents was associated with greater odds of all three suicide outcomes for girls and ideation only for boys. Receiving verbal affirmation from parents was associated with significantly lower odds of suicide ideation among girls only. CONCLUSIONS Findings indicate that some intrapersonal and interpersonal factors are differentially associated with suicide in boys and girls. As such, affirming Black youth of their self-worth and promoting positive relationships with their parents will be imperative in working to prevent suicide among this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janelle R Goodwill
- University of Chicago, Crown Family School of Social Work, Policy, and Practice, Chicago, Illinois.
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75
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Goh PK, Martel MM. Commentary: Extending longitudinal network approaches - a reflection on Funkhouser et al. (2020). J Child Psychol Psychiatry 2021; 62:195-198. [PMID: 32901943 DOI: 10.1111/jcpp.13320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Revised: 07/26/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The network approach facilitates an exploration of direct and potentially causal relations among symptoms of psychological disorders, yet most prior research utilizing this approach has done so using cross-sectional data. This commentary highlights the importance of longitudinal network approaches, as depicted in the study conducted by Funkhouser et al. (Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 2020), and describes two possible key extensions of this approach: (a) accounting for risk markers, etiological mechanisms, and other nonsymptoms within longitudinal network models, and (b) continued exploration of longitudinal within-person networks with attention to personalized treatment applications. Inclusion of these extensions in future longitudinal network studies could provide new insights into the nature of psychopathology and inform the development of more precise screening tools and targeted, personalized interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick K Goh
- Department of Psychology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Michelle M Martel
- Department of Psychology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
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76
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Ashaie SA, Hung J, Funkhouser CJ, Shankman SA, Cherney LR. Depression over Time in Persons with Stroke: A Network Analysis Approach. JOURNAL OF AFFECTIVE DISORDERS REPORTS 2021; 4:10.1016/j.jadr.2021.100131. [PMID: 34528021 PMCID: PMC8438599 DOI: 10.1016/j.jadr.2021.100131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Network analysis has been used to elucidate the relationships among depressive symptoms, but this approach has not been typically used in persons with stroke. METHOD Using a sample of 835 persons with stroke from Stroke Recovery in Underserved Populations 2005-2006 dataset, this study used network analysis to (1) examine changes in relationships between depressive symptoms over time, and (2) test whether baseline network characteristics were prognostic for depression persistence. Network analysis was performed on depressive symptoms collected at discharge from inpatient rehabilitation and at 3-months and 12-months post-discharge. RESULTS The depressive symptom network at discharge was less connected than at both post-discharge follow-ups. Trouble focusing and feeling good as others were the most predictable symptoms at post-discharge, even though they were less connected to other depressive symptoms. Among participants with elevated baseline depression severity, those whose depression persisted 12 months later had more strongly connected networks at discharge than those who recovered 12 months later. LIMITATIONS This study was unable to determine the directionality of edges. The depression scale was administered differently across time points. CONCLUSION These results suggest that baseline network connectivity can predict the course of post-stroke depression, similar to non-stroke populations. More broadly, the study highlights the importance of examining relationships between individual depressive symptoms rather than only sum-scores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sameer A Ashaie
- Center for Aphasia Research and Treatment, Shirley Ryan AbilityLab
- Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University
| | - Jinyi Hung
- Department of Audiology and Speech Language Pathology, Mackay Medical College, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Carter J. Funkhouser
- Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University
- Department of Psychology, University of Illinois at Chicago
| | - Stewart A. Shankman
- Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University
| | - Leora R Cherney
- Center for Aphasia Research and Treatment, Shirley Ryan AbilityLab
- Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University
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77
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Kaiser AJE, Funkhouser CJ, Mittal VA, Walther S, Shankman SA. Test-retest & familial concordance of MDD symptoms. Psychiatry Res 2020; 292:113313. [PMID: 32738552 PMCID: PMC7529979 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2020.113313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Revised: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Psychopathology research has increasingly sought to study the etiology and treatment of individual symptoms, rather than categorical diagnoses. However, it is unclear whether commonly used measures have adequate psychometric properties for assessing individual symptoms. This study examined the test-retest reliability and familial concordance (an indicator of validity) of the symptoms of Major Depressive Disorder (MDD), a disorder consisting of nine core symptoms, most of which are aggregated (e.g., symptom 7 of the DSM criteria for MDD is worthlessness or guilt). Lifetime MDD symptoms were measured in 504 young adults (237 sibling pairs) using the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-5 (SCID). Fifty-one people completed a second SCID within three weeks of their first SCID. Results indicated that aggregated and unaggregated symptoms demonstrated moderate to substantial test-retest reliability and generally significant, but slight to fair familial concordance (with the highest familial concordance being for markedly diminished interest or pleasure and its unaggregated components - decreased interest and decreased pleasure). Given the increasing focus on the differential validity of individual MDD symptoms, the present study suggests that interview-based assessments of depression can assess most individual symptoms with adequate levels of reliability and validity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariela J E Kaiser
- University of Illinois at Chicago, Department of Psychology, United States; Northwestern University, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, United States
| | - Carter J Funkhouser
- University of Illinois at Chicago, Department of Psychology, United States; Northwestern University, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, United States
| | - Vijay A Mittal
- Northwestern University, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, United States; Northwestern University, Departments of Psychology, Medical Social Sciences.. Institutes for Policy Research, Innovations in Developmental Sciences (DevSci), United States
| | - Sebastian Walther
- University of Bern, University Hospital of Psychiatry, Translational Research Center, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Stewart A Shankman
- University of Illinois at Chicago, Department of Psychology, United States; Northwestern University, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, United States.
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