51
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Huwatibieke B, Yin W, Liu L, Jin Y, Xiang X, Han J, Zhang W, Li Y. Mammalian Target of Rapamycin Signaling Pathway Regulates Mitochondrial Quality Control of Brown Adipocytes in Mice. Front Physiol 2021; 12:638352. [PMID: 34335285 PMCID: PMC8317026 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.638352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) is an important protein kinase that senses changes in extracellular and intracellular energy levels and plays a key role in regulating energy metabolism. Brown adipose tissue, which can be converted to white adipose tissue, contains a large number of mitochondria and regulates energy expenditure through thermogenesis. Because obesity is a process of fat accumulation due to chronic excessive energy intake, we attempted to determine whether the mTOR signaling pathway can affect the mitochondrial quality control of brown adipocytes through sensing energy status, thereby regulating brown/white adipocyte transformation. In the present study, through activation or inhibition of mTOR signaling, we detected mitochondrial biogenesis, dynamics, and autophagy-related markers in brown adipocytes. We found that activation of mTOR signaling downregulated the expression of mitochondrial biogenesis, dynamics, and autophagy-relevant markers and inhibited the mitochondrial quality control of brown adipocytes, indicating a phenotypic transformation of brown to white adipocytes. In contrast, inhibition of mTOR signaling upregulated the expression of mitochondrial biogenesis, dynamics, and mitophagy-relevant markers and strengthened mitochondrial quality control, suggesting an inhibition of the phenotypic transformation of brown to white adipocytes. In conclusion, the mTOR signaling pathway plays an important role in modulating the transformation of adipocytes by regulating mitochondrial quality control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bahetiyaer Huwatibieke
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Wenzhen Yin
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Lingchao Liu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuxin Jin
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China.,Department of Integration of Chinese and Western Medicine, Tasly Microcirculation Research Center, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Xinxin Xiang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China.,Department of Pathology, Central Hospital of Zibo, Zibo, China
| | - Jingyan Han
- Department of Integration of Chinese and Western Medicine, Tasly Microcirculation Research Center, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Weizhen Zhang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yin Li
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China.,Department of Integration of Chinese and Western Medicine, Tasly Microcirculation Research Center, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
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52
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Li J, Wang X, Ma C, Xu S, Xu M, Yang J, Wang R, Xue L. Dual PI3K/mTOR inhibitor NVP‑BEZ235 decreases the proliferation of doxorubicin‑resistant K562 cells. Mol Med Rep 2021; 23:301. [PMID: 34223631 PMCID: PMC7930928 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2021.11940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) is frequently accompanied by a poor prognosis. The majority of patients with AML will experience recurrence due to multiple drug resistance. Our previous study reported that targeting the mTOR pathway may increase cell sensitivity to doxorubicin (Doxo) and provide an improved therapeutic approach to leukemia. However, the effect and mechanism of action of NVP-BEZ235 (BEZ235), a dual inhibitor of PI3K/mTOR, on Doxo-resistant K562 cells (K562/A) is yet to be elucidated. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of BEZ235 on K562/A cell proliferation. K562/A cells was investigated using CCK-8, flow cytometry and western blotting, following BEZ235 treatment. It was observed that BEZ235 significantly decreased the viability of K562/A cells. In addition, BEZ235 arrested K562/A cells at the G0/G1 phase, and reduced the protein expression levels of CDK4, CDK6 and cyclin D1. Apoptotic cells were more frequently detected in K562/A cells treated with BEZ235 compared with the control group (12.97±0.91% vs. 7.37±0.42%, respectively; P<0.05). Cells treated with BEZ235 exhibited downregulation of Bcl-2 and upregulation of Bax. Furthermore, BEZ235 treatment markedly decreased the activation of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway and its downstream effectors. Thus, these results demonstrated that BEZ235 inhibited cell viability, induced G0/G1 arrest and increased apoptosis in K562/A cells, suggesting that BEZ235 may reverse Doxo resistance in leukemia cells. Therefore, targeting the PI3K/mTOR pathway may be of value as a novel therapeutic approach to leukemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Li
- Department of Hematology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050000, P.R. China
| | - Xiaozi Wang
- Laboratory of Pathology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050000, P.R. China
| | - Chuanbao Ma
- Laboratory of Pathology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050000, P.R. China
| | - Shasha Xu
- Department of Hematology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050000, P.R. China
| | - Mengyao Xu
- Department of Hematology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050000, P.R. China
| | - Jie Yang
- Department of Hematology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050000, P.R. China
| | - Ruicang Wang
- Department of Hematology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050000, P.R. China
| | - Liying Xue
- Laboratory of Pathology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050000, P.R. China
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53
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González A, Alonso-González C, González-González A, Menéndez-Menéndez J, Cos S, Martínez-Campa C. Melatonin as an Adjuvant to Antiangiogenic Cancer Treatments. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13133263. [PMID: 34209857 PMCID: PMC8268559 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13133263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Revised: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Melatonin is a hormone with different functions, antitumor actions being one of the most studied. Among its antitumor mechanisms is its ability to inhibit angiogenesis. Melatonin shows antiangiogenic effects in several types of tumors. Combination of melatonin and chemotherapeutic agents have a synergistic effect inhibiting angiogenesis. One of the undesirable effects of chemotherapy is the induction of pro-angiogenic factors, whilst the addition of melatonin is able to overcome these undesirable effects. This protective effect of the pineal hormone against angiogenesis might be one of the mechanisms underlying its anticancer effect, explaining, at least in part, why melatonin administration increases the sensitivity of tumors to the inhibitory effects exerted by ordinary chemotherapeutic agents. Melatonin has the ability to turn cancer totally resistant to chemotherapeutic agents into a more sensitive chemotherapy state. Definitely, melatonin regulates the expression and/or activity of many factors involved in angiogenesis which levels are affected (either positively or negatively) by chemotherapeutic agents. In addition, the pineal hormone has been proposed as a radiosensitizer, increasing the oncostatic effects of radiation on tumor cells. This review serves as a synopsis of the interaction between melatonin and angiogenesis, and we will outline some antiangiogenic mechanisms through which melatonin sensitizes cancer cells to treatments, such as radiotherapy or chemotherapy.
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Salarić I, Karmelić I, Lovrić J, Baždarić K, Rožman M, Čvrljević I, Zajc I, Brajdić D, Macan D. Salivary melatonin in oral squamous cell carcinoma patients. Sci Rep 2021; 11:13201. [PMID: 34168230 PMCID: PMC8225878 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-92649-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Melatonin’s role in circadian rhythm is well documented, as are its’ anti-oxidant, oncostatic and anti-inflammatory properties. Poor sleep quality has been associated as a potential risk factor for several malignancies, including head and neck cancers. The purpose of this study is to determine salivary melatonin (MLT) levels in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) patients, compare the salivary MLT levels with those in healthy individuals and compare the salivary and serum levels in OSCC patients. Furthermore, the aim is to investigate the potential relationship between sleep quality and salivary MLT levels in OSCC patients. Unstimulated (UWS) and stimulated (SWS) whole saliva was sampled from patients with T1N0M0 and T2N0M0 OSCC (N = 34) and 33 sex and age matched healthy subjects. Serum samples were taken from 11 OSCC patients. Sleep quality was measured using Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) questionnaire. Melatonin levels in UWS and SWS were significantly higher in the OSCC group. Sleep quality was significantly lower in patients with OSCC (P = 0.0001). ROC analysis was found to be significant (P < 0.001) in evaluating MLT concentration limit in diagnosing OSCC. The expected relationship between sleep quality and salivary MLT levels in OSCC patients was not observed. Our results suggest salivary MLT as a potential biomarker that might facilitate non-invasive detection of early stage OSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Salarić
- Department of Oral Surgery, University of Zagreb School of Dental Medicine, Av. Gojka Šuška 6, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia.,Department of Maxillofacial and Oral Surgery, University Hospital Dubrava, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ivana Karmelić
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Biochemistry and Clinical Chemistry, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Jasna Lovrić
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Biochemistry and Clinical Chemistry, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ksenija Baždarić
- Department of Medical Informatics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Marko Rožman
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Igor Čvrljević
- Department of Maxillofacial and Oral Surgery, University Hospital Dubrava, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ivan Zajc
- Department of Oral Surgery, University of Zagreb School of Dental Medicine, Av. Gojka Šuška 6, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia.,Department of Maxillofacial and Oral Surgery, University Hospital Dubrava, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Davor Brajdić
- Department of Oral Surgery, University of Zagreb School of Dental Medicine, Av. Gojka Šuška 6, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia.,Department of Maxillofacial and Oral Surgery, University Hospital Dubrava, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Darko Macan
- Department of Oral Surgery, University of Zagreb School of Dental Medicine, Av. Gojka Šuška 6, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia. .,Department of Maxillofacial and Oral Surgery, University Hospital Dubrava, Zagreb, Croatia.
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Wang S, Wei M, Zhu W. WITHDRAWN: Melatonin increases doxorubicin-induced apoptosis via oxidative DNA damage in oral squamous cell carcinoma. DNA Repair (Amst) 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.dnarep.2021.103154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Melatonin-doped polymeric nanoparticles reinforce and remineralize radicular dentin: Morpho-histological, chemical and biomechanical studies. Dent Mater 2021; 37:1107-1120. [PMID: 33846017 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2021.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate the effectiveness of novel polymeric nanoparticles (NPs) doped with melatonin (ML) in reducing dentin permeability and facilitating dentin remineralization after endodontic treatment. METHODS The effect of undoped NPs and ML-doped NPs (ML-NPs) was tested in radicular dentin, at 24 h and 6 m. A control group without NPs was included. ML liberation was measured. Radicular dentin was assessed for fluid filtration. Dentin remineralization was analyzed by scanning electron microscopy, AFM, Young's modulus (Ei), Nano DMA-tan delta, and Raman analysis. RESULTS ML release ranged from 1.85 mg/mL at 24 h to 0.033 mg/mL at 28 d. Both undoped NPs and ML-NPs treated dentin exhibited the lowest microleakage, but samples treated with ML-NPs exhibited hermetically sealed dentinal tubules and extended mineral deposits onto dentin. ML-NPs promoted higher and durable Ei, and functional remineralization at root dentin, generating differences between the values of tan delta among groups and creating zones of stress concentration. Undoped-NPs produced closure of some tubules and porosities at the expense of a relative mineral amorphization. Chemical remineralization based on mineral and organic assessments was higher in samples treated with ML-NPs. When using undoped NPs, precipitation of minerals occurred; however, radicular dentin was not mechanically reinforced but weakened over time. SIGNIFICANCE Application of ML-NPs in endodontically treated teeth, previous to the canal filling step, is encouraged due to occlusion of dentinal tubules and the reinforcement of the radicular dentin structure.
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Melatonin Targets Metabolism in Head and Neck Cancer Cells by Regulating Mitochondrial Structure and Function. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10040603. [PMID: 33919790 PMCID: PMC8070770 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10040603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Revised: 04/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolic reprogramming, which is characteristic of cancer cells that rapidly adapt to the hypoxic microenvironment and is crucial for tumor growth and metastasis, is recognized as one of the major mechanisms underlying therapeutic resistance. Mitochondria, which are directly involved in metabolic reprogramming, are used to design novel mitochondria-targeted anticancer agents. Despite being targeted by melatonin, the functional role of mitochondria in melatonin’s oncostatic activity remains unclear. In this study, we aim to investigate the role of melatonin in mitochondrial metabolism and its functional consequences in head and neck cancer. We analyzed the effects of melatonin on head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) cell lines (Cal-27 and SCC-9), which were treated with 100, 500, and 1500 µM of melatonin for 1, 3, and 5 days, and found a connection between a change of metabolism following melatonin treatment and its effects on mitochondria. Our results demonstrate that melatonin induces a shift to an aerobic mitochondrial metabolism that is associated with changes in mitochondrial morphology, function, fusion, and fission in HNSCC. We found that melatonin increases oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) and inhibits glycolysis in HNSCC, resulting in increased ROS production, apoptosis, and mitophagy, and decreased cell proliferation. Our findings highlight new molecular pathways involved in melatonin’s oncostatic activity, suggesting that it could act as an adjuvant agent in a potential therapy for cancer patients. We also found that high doses of melatonin, such as those used in this study for its cytotoxic impact on HNSCC cells, might lead to additional effects through melatonin receptors.
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58
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Li J, Wu G, Song W, Liu Y, Han Z, Shen Z, Li Y. Prophylactic Melatonin Treatment Ameliorated Propofol-Induced Cognitive Dysfunction in Aged Rats. Neurotox Res 2021; 39:227-239. [PMID: 33159663 DOI: 10.1007/s12640-020-00307-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Considering the fact that melatonin acts as protective agent in various cognitive impairment, we decided to explore the precise effect of pretreatment with melatonin on cognitive function, mitochondrial activity, apoptosis and synaptic integrity in aged rats anesthetized by propofol. We first randomly allocated the thirty Sprague Dawley rats into three groups: Control vehicle-treated group (Con), Propofol-treated group (Pro) and Melatonin + Propofol group (Mel + Pro). The Barnes maze, open field and contextual fear conditioning test were employed to evaluate spatial memory, exploratory behavior and general locomotor activity, and hippocampus-dependent learning and memory ability, respectively. Moreover, mitochondrial function (including reactive oxygen species, mitochondrial membrane potential and ATP levels) and apoptosis were detected in the regions of hippocampus (HIP) and prefrontal cortex (PFC). The results of behavioral tests suggested that melatonin improved propofol-induced memory impairment in aged rats. Melatonin mitigated mitochondrial dysfunction and decreased the apoptotic cell counts in the regions of HIP and PFC. Furthermore, prophylactic melatonin treatment also reversed the propofol-induced inactivation of PKA/CREB/BDNF signaling and synaptic dysfunction. On the whole, our results indicated that melatonin ameliorated the propofol-induced cognitive disorders via attenuating mitochondrial dysfunction, apoptosis, inactivation of PKA/CREB/BDNF signaling and synaptic dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junhua Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
- Laboratory of RNA and Major Diseases of Brain and Hearts, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Guiyun Wu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
- Laboratory of RNA and Major Diseases of Brain and Hearts, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Wen Song
- Department of Anesthesiology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
- Laboratory of RNA and Major Diseases of Brain and Hearts, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Yafang Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
- Laboratory of RNA and Major Diseases of Brain and Hearts, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Zhixiao Han
- Department of Anesthesiology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
- Laboratory of RNA and Major Diseases of Brain and Hearts, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Zhiwen Shen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
- Laboratory of RNA and Major Diseases of Brain and Hearts, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Yujuan Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China.
- Laboratory of RNA and Major Diseases of Brain and Hearts, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China.
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China.
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Mehrzadi S, Pourhanifeh MH, Mirzaei A, Moradian F, Hosseinzadeh A. An updated review of mechanistic potentials of melatonin against cancer: pivotal roles in angiogenesis, apoptosis, autophagy, endoplasmic reticulum stress and oxidative stress. Cancer Cell Int 2021; 21:188. [PMID: 33789681 PMCID: PMC8011077 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-021-01892-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancers are serious life-threatening diseases which annually are responsible for millions of deaths across the world. Despite many developments in therapeutic approaches for affected individuals, the rate of morbidity and mortality is high. The survival rate and life quality of cancer patients is still low. In addition, the poor prognosis of patients and side effects of the present treatments underscores that finding novel and effective complementary and alternative therapies is a critical issue. Melatonin is a powerful anticancer agent and its efficiency has been widely documented up to now. Melatonin applies its anticancer abilities through affecting various mechanisms including angiogenesis, apoptosis, autophagy, endoplasmic reticulum stress and oxidative stress. Regarding the implication of mentioned cellular processes in cancer pathogenesis, we aimed to further evaluate the anticancer effects of melatonin via these mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeed Mehrzadi
- Razi Drug Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hossein Pourhanifeh
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Alireza Mirzaei
- Bone and Joint Reconstruction Research Center, Shafa Orthopedic Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farid Moradian
- Cancer Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Azam Hosseinzadeh
- Razi Drug Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Zhang L, Fu R, Duan D, Li Z, Li B, Ming Y, Li L, Ni R, Chen J. Cyclovirobuxine D Induces Apoptosis and Mitochondrial Damage in Glioblastoma Cells Through ROS-Mediated Mitochondrial Translocation of Cofilin. Front Oncol 2021; 11:656184. [PMID: 33816313 PMCID: PMC8018288 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.656184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cyclovirobuxine D (CVBD), a steroidal alkaloid, has multiple pharmacological activities, including anti-cancer activity. However, the anti-cancer effect of CVBD on glioblastoma (GBM) has seldom been investigated. This study explores the activity of CVBD in inducing apoptosis of GBM cells, and examines the related mechanism in depth. Methods GBM cell lines (T98G, U251) and normal human astrocytes (HA) were treated with CVBD. Cell viability was examined by CCK-8 assay, and cell proliferation was evaluated by cell colony formation counts. Apoptosis and mitochondrial superoxide were measured by flow cytometry. All protein expression levels were determined by Western blotting. JC-1 and CM-H2DCFDA probes were used to evaluate the mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) change and intracellular ROS generation, respectively. The cell ultrastructure was observed by transmission electron microscope (TEM). Colocalization of cofilin and mitochondria were determined by immunofluorescence assay. Results CVBD showed a greater anti-proliferation effect on the GBM cell lines, T98G and U251, than normal human astrocytes in dose- and time-dependent manners. CVBD induced apoptosis and mitochondrial damage in GBM cells. We found that CVBD led to mitochondrial translocation of cofilin. Knockdown of cofilin attenuated CVBD-induced apoptosis and mitochondrial damage. Additionally, the generation of ROS and mitochondrial superoxide was also induced by CVBD in a dose-dependent manner. N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC) and mitoquinone (MitoQ) pre-treatment reverted CVBD-induced apoptosis and mitochondrial damage. MitoQ pretreatment was able to block the mitochondrial translocation of cofilin caused by CVBD. Conclusions Our data revealed that CVBD induced apoptosis and mitochondrial damage in GBM cells. The underlying mechanism is related to mitochondrial translocation of cofilin caused by mitochondrial oxidant stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ruoqiu Fu
- Department of Pharmacy, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Dongyu Duan
- Department of Pharmacy, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ziwei Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Bin Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yue Ming
- Department of Pharmacy, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Li Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Rui Ni
- Department of Pharmacy, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jianhong Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
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Lang L, Xiong Y, Prieto-Dominguez N, Loveless R, Jensen C, Shay C, Teng Y. FGF19/FGFR4 signaling axis confines and switches the role of melatonin in head and neck cancer metastasis. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2021; 40:93. [PMID: 33691750 PMCID: PMC7945659 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-021-01888-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 02/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is no consensus about the effective dosages of melatonin in cancer management, thus, it is imperative to fully understand the dose-dependent responsiveness of cancer cells to melatonin and the underlying mechanisms. METHODS Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) cells with or without melatonin treatment were used as a research platform. Gene depletion was achieved by short hairpin RNA, small interfering RNA, and CRISPR/Cas9. Molecular changes and regulations were assessed by Western blotting, quantitative RT-PCR (qRT-PCR), immunohistochemistry, and chromatin Immunoprecipitation coupled with qPCR (ChIP-qPCR). The therapeutic efficacy of FGF19/FGFR4 inhibition in melatonin-mediated tumor growth and metastasis was evaluated in orthotopic tongue tumor mice. RESULTS The effect of melatonin on controlling cell motility and metastasis varies in HNSCC cells, which is dose-dependent. Mechanistically, high-dose melatonin facilitates the upregulation of FGF19 expression through activating endoplasmic stress (ER)-associated protein kinase RNA-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase (PERK)-Eukaryotic initiation factor 2 alpha (eIF2α)-activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4) pathway, which in turn promotes FGFR4-Vimentin invasive signaling and attenuates the role of melatonin in repressing metastasis. Intriguingly, following long-term exposure to high-dose melatonin, epithelial HNSCC cells revert the process towards mesenchymal transition and turn more aggressive, which is enabled by FGF19/FGFR4 upregulation and alleviated by genetic depletion of the FGF19 and FGFR4 genes or the treatment of FGFR4 inhibitor H3B-6527. CONCLUSIONS Our study gains novel mechanistic insights into melatonin-mediated modulation of FGF19/FGFR4 signaling in HNSCC, demonstrating that activating this molecular node confines the role of melatonin in suppressing metastasis and even triggers the switch of its function from anti-metastasis to metastasis promotion. The blockade of FGF19/FGFR4 signaling would have great potential in improving the efficacy of melatonin supplements in cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liwei Lang
- Department of Oral Biology and Diagnostic Sciences, Dental College of Georgia, Augusta University, 1120 15th Street, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA
| | - Yuanping Xiong
- Department of Oral Biology and Diagnostic Sciences, Dental College of Georgia, Augusta University, 1120 15th Street, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA.,Present address: Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Nestor Prieto-Dominguez
- Department of Oral Biology and Diagnostic Sciences, Dental College of Georgia, Augusta University, 1120 15th Street, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA
| | - Reid Loveless
- Department of Oral Biology and Diagnostic Sciences, Dental College of Georgia, Augusta University, 1120 15th Street, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA
| | - Caleb Jensen
- Department of Oral Biology and Diagnostic Sciences, Dental College of Georgia, Augusta University, 1120 15th Street, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA
| | - Chloe Shay
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory Children's Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Yong Teng
- Department of Oral Biology and Diagnostic Sciences, Dental College of Georgia, Augusta University, 1120 15th Street, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA. .,Georgia Cancer Center, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA. .,Department of Medical Laboratory, Imaging and Radiologic Sciences, College of Allied Health, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA.
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Akbari Dilmaghani N, Safaroghli-Azar A, Pourbagheri-Sigaroodi A, Bashash D. The PI3K/Akt/mTORC signaling axis in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma: Possibilities for therapeutic interventions either as single agents or in combination with conventional therapies. IUBMB Life 2021; 73:618-642. [PMID: 33476088 DOI: 10.1002/iub.2446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The latest advances in the sequencing methods in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) tissues have revolutionized our understanding of the disease by taking off the veil from the most frequent genetic alterations in the components of the oncogenic pathways. Among all the identified alterations, aberrancies in the genes attributed to the phosphoinositide 3-kinases (PI3K) axis have attracted special attention as they were altered in more than 90% of the tissues isolated from HNSCC patients. In fact, the association between these aberrancies and the increased risk of cancer metastasis suggested this axis as an "Achilles Heel" of HNSCC, which may be therapeutically targeted. The results of the clinical trials investigating the therapeutic potential of the inhibitors targeting the components of the PI3K axis in the treatment of HNSCC patients, either alone or in a combined-modal strategy, opened a new chapter in the treatment strategy of this malignancy. The present study aimed to review the importance of the PI3K axis in the pathogenesis of HNSCC and also provide a piece of information about the breakthroughs and challenges of PI3K inhibitors in the therapeutic strategies of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nader Akbari Dilmaghani
- Hearing Disorders Research Center, Loghman Hakim Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Loghman Hakim Educational Hospital, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ava Safaroghli-Azar
- Department of Hematology and Blood Banking, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Atieh Pourbagheri-Sigaroodi
- Department of Hematology and Blood Banking, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Davood Bashash
- Department of Hematology and Blood Banking, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Heng D, Sheng X, Tian C, Li J, Liu L, Gou M, Liu L. Mtor inhibition by INK128 extends functions of the ovary reconstituted from germline stem cells in aging and premature aging mice. Aging Cell 2021; 20:e13304. [PMID: 33448083 PMCID: PMC7884035 DOI: 10.1111/acel.13304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Revised: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Stem cell transplantation has been generally considered as promising therapeutics in preserving or recovering functions of lost, damaged, or aging tissues. Transplantation of primordial germ cells (PGCs) or oogonia stem cells (OSCs) can reconstitute ovarian functions that yet sustain for only short period of time, limiting potential application of stem cells in preservation of fertility and endocrine function. Here, we show that mTOR inhibition by INK128 extends the follicular and endocrine functions of the reconstituted ovaries in aging and premature aging mice following transplantation of PGCs/OSCs. Follicular development and endocrine functions of the reconstituted ovaries by transplanting PGCs into kidney capsule of the recipient mice were maintained by INK128 treatment for more than 12 weeks, in contrast to the controls for only about 4 weeks without receiving the mTOR inhibitors. Comparatively, rapamycin also can prolong the ovarian functions but for limited time. Furthermore, our data reveal that INK128 promotes mitochondrial function in addition to its known function in suppression of immune response and inflammation. Taken together, germline stem cell transplantation in combination with mTOR inhibition by INK128 improves and extends the reconstituted ovarian and endocrine functions in reproductive aging and premature aging mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dai Heng
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical BiologyNankai UniversityTianjinChina
- Department of Cell Biology and GeneticsCollege of Life SciencesNankai UniversityTianjinChina
| | - Xiaoyan Sheng
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical BiologyNankai UniversityTianjinChina
- Department of Cell Biology and GeneticsCollege of Life SciencesNankai UniversityTianjinChina
- Animal Resources CenterNankai UniversityTianjinChina
| | - Chenglei Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical BiologyNankai UniversityTianjinChina
- Department of Cell Biology and GeneticsCollege of Life SciencesNankai UniversityTianjinChina
| | - Jie Li
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical BiologyNankai UniversityTianjinChina
- Department of Cell Biology and GeneticsCollege of Life SciencesNankai UniversityTianjinChina
| | - Linlin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical BiologyNankai UniversityTianjinChina
- Department of Cell Biology and GeneticsCollege of Life SciencesNankai UniversityTianjinChina
| | - Mo Gou
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical BiologyNankai UniversityTianjinChina
- Department of Cell Biology and GeneticsCollege of Life SciencesNankai UniversityTianjinChina
| | - Lin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical BiologyNankai UniversityTianjinChina
- Department of Cell Biology and GeneticsCollege of Life SciencesNankai UniversityTianjinChina
- Animal Resources CenterNankai UniversityTianjinChina
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Kopustinskiene DM, Bernatoniene J. Molecular Mechanisms of Melatonin-Mediated Cell Protection and Signaling in Health and Disease. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13020129. [PMID: 33498316 PMCID: PMC7909293 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13020129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Revised: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Melatonin, an endogenously synthesized indolamine, is a powerful antioxidant exerting beneficial action in many pathological conditions. Melatonin protects from oxidative stress in ischemic/reperfusion injury, neurodegenerative diseases, and aging, decreases inflammation, modulates the immune system, inhibits proliferation, counteracts the Warburg effect, and promotes apoptosis in various cancer models. Melatonin stimulates antioxidant enzymes in the cells, protects mitochondrial membrane phospholipids, especially cardiolipin, from oxidation thus preserving integrity of the membranes, affects mitochondrial membrane potential, stimulates activity of respiratory chain enzymes, and decreases the opening of mitochondrial permeability transition pore and cytochrome c release. This review will focus on the molecular mechanisms of melatonin effects in the cells during normal and pathological conditions and possible melatonin clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dalia M. Kopustinskiene
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Technologies, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Sukileliu pr. 13, LT-50161 Kaunas, Lithuania;
| | - Jurga Bernatoniene
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Technologies, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Sukileliu pr. 13, LT-50161 Kaunas, Lithuania;
- Department of Drug Technology and Social Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Sukileliu pr. 13, LT-50161 Kaunas, Lithuania
- Correspondence:
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65
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Chen YQ, Zhu WT, Lin CY, Yuan ZW, Li ZH, Yan PK. Delivery of Rapamycin by Liposomes Synergistically Enhances the Chemotherapy Effect of 5-Fluorouracil on Colorectal Cancer. Int J Nanomedicine 2021; 16:269-281. [PMID: 33469286 PMCID: PMC7811466 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s270939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Rapamycin is a promising agent for treating tumors, but clinical applications of rapamycin are limited due to its poor water solubility and low bioavailability. This paper constructs a liposome delivery system for rapamycin to improve the effect in treating colorectal cancer. Methods We prepared the rapamycin liposomes using the ethanol injection method. The cellular uptake and biodistribution were detected by LC-MS and in vivo imaging system. MTT assay, transwell migration experiment, flow cytometry, and Western blot analysis evaluated the antitumor effect of rapamycin liposomes in vitro. Furthermore, HCT-116 tumor-bearing mice were used to assess the therapeutic efficacy of rapamycin liposomes in vivo. Results The prepared rapamycin liposomes had a particle size of 100±5.5 nm and with a narrow size distribution. In vitro cellular uptake experiments showed that the uptake of rapamycin liposomes by colorectal cells was higher than that of free rapamycin. Subsequently, in vivo imaging experiments also demonstrated that rapamycin liposomes exhibited higher tumor accumulation. Therefore, the ability of rapamycin liposomes to inhibit tumor proliferation, migration and to induce tumor apoptosis is superior to that of free rapamycin. We also demonstrated in vivo good antitumor efficacy of the rapamycin liposomes in HCT-116 xenograft mice. In addition, rapamycin liposomes and 5-FU can synergistically improve the efficacy of colorectal cancer via the Akt/mTOR and P53 pathways. Conclusion Collectively, rapamycin liposomes are a potential treatment for colorectal cancer, as it not only improves rapamycin’s antitumor effect but also synergistically enhances 5-FU’s chemotherapy effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Qing Chen
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510150, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen-Ting Zhu
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510150, People's Republic of China
| | - Cai-Yan Lin
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510150, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhong-Wen Yuan
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510150, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhen-Hua Li
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510150, People's Republic of China
| | - Peng-Ke Yan
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510150, People's Republic of China
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Pourhanifeh MH, Mehrzadi S, Hosseinzadeh A. Melatonin and regulation of miRNAs: novel targeted therapy for cancerous and noncancerous disease. Epigenomics 2020; 13:65-81. [PMID: 33350862 DOI: 10.2217/epi-2020-0241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
miRNAs, small noncoding RNAs with crucial diagnostic and prognostic capabilities, play essential therapeutic roles in different human diseases. These biomarkers are involved in several biological mechanisms and are responsible for the regulation of multiple genes expressions in cells. miRNA-based therapy has shown a very bright future in the case of clinical interventions. Melatonin, the main product of the pineal gland, is a multifunctional neurohormone with numerous therapeutic potentials in human diseases. Melatonin is able to regulate miRNAs in different pathologies such as malignant and nonmalignant diseases, which can be considered as a novel kind of targeted therapy. Herein, this review discusses possible therapeutic utility of melatonin for the regulation of miRNAs in various pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Saeed Mehrzadi
- Razi Drug Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Azam Hosseinzadeh
- Razi Drug Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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67
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Wang X, Xu Z, Cai Y, Zeng S, Peng B, Ren X, Yan Y, Gong Z. Rheostatic Balance of Circadian Rhythm and Autophagy in Metabolism and Disease. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:616434. [PMID: 33330516 PMCID: PMC7732583 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.616434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Circadian rhythms are physical, behavioral and environmental cycles that respond primarily to light and dark, with a period of time of approximately 24 h. The most essential physiological functions of mammals are manifested in circadian rhythm patterns, including the sleep-wake cycle and nutrient and energy metabolism. Autophagy is a conserved biological process contributing to nutrient and cellular homeostasis. The factors affecting autophagy are numerous, such as diet, drugs, and aging. Recent studies have indicated that autophagy is activated rhythmically in a clock-dependent manner whether the organism is healthy or has certain diseases. In addition, autophagy can affect circadian rhythm by degrading circadian proteins. This review discusses the interaction and mechanisms between autophagy and circadian rhythm. Moreover, we introduce the molecules influencing both autophagy and circadian rhythm. We then discuss the drugs affecting the circadian rhythm of autophagy. Finally, we present the role of rhythmic autophagy in nutrient and energy metabolism and its significance in physiology and metabolic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhijie Xu
- Department of Pathology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yuan Cai
- Department of Pathology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Shuangshuang Zeng
- Department of Pharmacy, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Bi Peng
- Department of Pathology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xinxin Ren
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Radiation Oncology of Hunan Province, Center for Molecular Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yuanliang Yan
- Department of Pharmacy, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhicheng Gong
- Department of Pharmacy, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
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Wu J, Bai Y, Wang Y, Ma J. Melatonin and regulation of autophagy: Mechanisms and therapeutic implications. Pharmacol Res 2020; 163:105279. [PMID: 33161138 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2020.105279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2020] [Revised: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondria are essential subcellular units that generate basic energy for the cell, as well as influence Ca2+ flux, apoptosis, and cell signaling. Mitophagy can selectively remove impaired mitochondria to preserve mitochondrial function, which is crucial for normal cellular maintenance. Mitochondrial dysfunction and mitophagy are widely reported to be linked to various pathogeneses. In addition, there is increasing evidence regarding the beneficial role of melatonin in the regulation and intervention of mitophagy progression. In this review, we focus on specific pathological conditions, including ischemia/reperfusion injury (IRI), cancer and neurodegenerative diseases, and elucidate the essential role of melatonin in the modulation of mitophagy in each of these distinct disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinjing Wu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University-Beijing Institute of Heart Lung and Blood Vessel Diseases, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Yang Bai
- Department of Anesthesiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University-Beijing Institute of Heart Lung and Blood Vessel Diseases, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Yaguang Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University-Beijing Institute of Heart Lung and Blood Vessel Diseases, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Jun Ma
- Department of Anesthesiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University-Beijing Institute of Heart Lung and Blood Vessel Diseases, Beijing 100029, China.
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Wang Z, Jiang H, Cai LY, Ji N, Zeng X, Zhou Y, Shen YQ, Chen QM. Repurposing disulfiram to induce OSCC cell death by cristae dysfunction promoted autophagy. Oral Dis 2020; 27:1148-1160. [PMID: 32989819 DOI: 10.1111/odi.13652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Revised: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Disulfiram has been repurposed as a potential candidate to suppress various cancers. However, its anti-tumor effects and molecular mechanisms of oral squamous cell carcinoma remain unclear. In this study, we aimed to assess the anti-cancer activity and underlying mechanisms of disulfiram in the context of oral squamous cell carcinoma. MATERIALS AND METHODS We tested the cytotoxicity of disulfiram in oral squamous cell carcinoma using a 3D culture model and a PDX model. Cell proliferation, cell death, and related signaling pathways were evaluated. Mitochondrial DNA copy number, mitochondrial respiration, mitochondrial mass, and mitochondrial complexes were analyzed. RESULTS Disulfiram can induce excessive autophagy in oral squamous cell carcinoma cells as a result of OXPHOS deficiency. Disulfiram-induced OPA1 degradation can impair the functional cristae structure, which results in a dramatic reduction in mitochondrial respiration capability as well as ATP production. Subsequently, energy deprivation leads to excessive autophagy through AMPK activation. In addition, exogenous ATP blocked the activation of AMPK and rescued disulfiram-induced cell death. CONCLUSION DSF targets mitochondrial inner membrane protein OPA1 to disturb the energy supply, triggering excessive autophagy, and cell death in OSCC. Our study suggests OPA1-dependent ATP generation is pharmacologically targetable in OSCC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Research Unit of Oral Medicine of Carcinogenesis and Management, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Han Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Research Unit of Oral Medicine of Carcinogenesis and Management, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Lu-Yao Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Research Unit of Oral Medicine of Carcinogenesis and Management, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ning Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Research Unit of Oral Medicine of Carcinogenesis and Management, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xin Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Research Unit of Oral Medicine of Carcinogenesis and Management, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yu Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Research Unit of Oral Medicine of Carcinogenesis and Management, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ying-Qiang Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Research Unit of Oral Medicine of Carcinogenesis and Management, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qian-Ming Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Research Unit of Oral Medicine of Carcinogenesis and Management, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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Gartrell BA, Roach M, Retter A, Sokol GH, Del Priore G, Scher HI. Phase II trial of SM-88, a cancer metabolism based therapy, in non-metastatic biochemical recurrent prostate cancer. Invest New Drugs 2020; 39:499-508. [PMID: 32924093 PMCID: PMC7960617 DOI: 10.1007/s10637-020-00993-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Background Androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) is a standard treatment for high-risk biochemically-recurrent, non-metastatic prostate cancer (BRPC) but is not curative and associated with toxicity. Racemetyrosine (SM-88) is an amino-acid analogue used with methoxsalen, phenytoin, and sirolimus (MPS) to enhance SM-88 activity. Method A phase 1b/2, open-label trial in BRPC and rising PSA. Patients were given daily SM-88 (230 mg BID), methoxsalen (10 mg), phenytoin (50 mg), and sirolimus (0.5 mg)). Outcome measures included changes in PSA, circulating tumor cells (CTCs) and imaging. Results 34 subjects were screened, 23 treated and 21 remained on study for ≥12 weeks. The median PSA was 6.4 ng/ml (range 1.7-80.1); doubling-time 6.2 months (range 1.4-36.6) and baseline testosterone 319.1 ng/ml (range 2.5-913.7). Median duration of therapy was 6.5 months (2.6-14.0). CTCs (median 48.5 cells/4 ml (range 15-268) at baseline) decreased a median of 65.3% in 18 of 19 patients. For patients who achieved an absolute CTC nadir count of <10 cells/4 ml (n = 10), disease control was 100% i.e. no metastases or PSA progression, while on trial (p = 0.005). PSA fell by ≥50% in 4.3% (1 subject). No patients developed metastatic disease while on treatment (metastases free survival =100%). There were no treatment-related adverse events (AEs) and quality of life was unchanged from baseline on the EORTC QLQ-C30 and QLQ-PR25. Testosterone levels rose slightly on SM-88 and were unrelated to efficacy or toxicity. Conclusions Use of SM-88 was associated with disease control while maintaining QOL. SM-88 may delay the need for ADT and the associated hormonal side effects. Larger trials are planned.Trial registration number, date of registration - NCT02796898, June 13, 2016.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin A Gartrell
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Departments of Oncology and Urology, Montefiore Einstein Center for Cancer Care, Montefiore Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Mack Roach
- Departments of Radiation Oncology & Urology, University of California San Francisco (UCSF) Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center (HDFCC), San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Avi Retter
- NY Cancer and Blood Specialist, East Setauket, NY, USA
| | - Gerald H Sokol
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Uniform Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA.,Florida Cancer Specialist and Research Institute, Fort Myers, FL, USA.,TYME Inc, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Howard I Scher
- Genitourinary Oncology Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
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Maleki Dana P, Reiter RJ, Hallajzadeh J, Asemi Z, Mansournia MA, Yousefi B. Melatonin as a potential inhibitor of kidney cancer: A survey of the molecular processes. IUBMB Life 2020; 72:2355-2365. [PMID: 32918860 DOI: 10.1002/iub.2384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Revised: 08/16/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Studies have shown that despite the decreasing mortality rates of kidney cancer patients, its incidence is increasing. Therefore, a comprehensive re-evaluation of treatment options is necessary to provide appropriate treatments for the increasing number of patients. Moreover, the side effects caused by surgery, which is the main treatment of this disease, may lead to higher morbidity rates. Consequently, new safer approaches must be examined and considered. Major advancements have been made in the field of targeted agents as well as treatments based on immunotherapy since renal cell carcinoma (RCC) does not respond well to chemotherapy. While the therapeutic options for this cancer are increasing, the resulting complexity of selecting the best strategy for treating the patients is daunting. Moreover, each therapeutic option must be evaluated concerning toxicity, cost, and clinical advantages. Several characteristics, which are beneficial for cancer therapies have been attributed to melatonin. For decades, investigations have explored the application of melatonin in the treatment of cancer; insufficient attention has been paid to this molecule at the clinical level. Melatonin plays a role in cancer therapy due to its anti-tumor effects as well as by enhancing the efficacy of other drugs as an adjuvant. In this review, we discuss different roles of melatonin in the treatment of kidney cancer. The studies concerned with the applications of melatonin as an adjuvant in the immunotherapy of patients with kidney cancer are summarized. Also, we highlight the apoptotic and anti-angiogenic effects of melatonin on renal cancer cells which are mediated by different molecules (e.g., HIF-1 and VEGF, ADAMTS1, and MMP-9) and signaling pathways (e.g., P56, P52, and JNK). Furthermore, we take a look into available data on melatonin's ability to reduce the toxicities caused by kidney carcinogens, including ochratoxin A, potassium bromate, and Fe-NTA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parisa Maleki Dana
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Russel J Reiter
- Department of Cellular and Structural Biology, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Jamal Hallajzadeh
- Department of Biochemistry and Nutrition, Maragheh University of Medical Sciences, Maragheh, Iran
| | - Zatollah Asemi
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Ali Mansournia
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Bahman Yousefi
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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Mehrzadi MH, Hosseinzadeh A, Juybari KB, Mehrzadi S. Melatonin and urological cancers: a new therapeutic approach. Cancer Cell Int 2020; 20:444. [PMID: 32943992 PMCID: PMC7488244 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-020-01531-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Urological cancers are responsible for thousands of cancer-related deaths around the world. Despite all developments in therapeutic approaches for cancer therapy, the absence of efficient treatments is a critical and vital problematic issue for physicians and researchers. Furthermore, routine medical therapies contribute to several undesirable adverse events for patients, reducing life quality and survival time. Therefore, many attempts are needed to explore potent alternative or complementary treatments for great outcomes. Melatonin has multiple beneficial potential effects, including anticancer properties. Melatonin in combination with chemoradiation therapy or even alone could suppress urological cancers through affecting essential cellular pathways. This review discusses current evidence reporting the beneficial effect of melatonin in urological malignancies, including prostate cancer, bladder cancer, and renal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Hossein Mehrzadi
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Azam Hosseinzadeh
- Razi Drug Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kobra Bahrampour Juybari
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Saeed Mehrzadi
- Razi Drug Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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73
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Chen W, Lv L, Nong Z, Chen X, Pan X, Chen C. Hyperbaric oxygen protects against myocardial ischemia‑reperfusion injury through inhibiting mitochondria dysfunction and autophagy. Mol Med Rep 2020; 22:4254-4264. [PMID: 32901878 PMCID: PMC7533464 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2020.11497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Our previous study demonstrated that hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) improves heart function predominantly through reducing oxygen stress, modulating energy metabolism and inhibiting cell apoptosis. The present study aimed to investigate the protective effects of HBO on mitochondrial function and autophagy using rats with a ligated left anterior descending artery. The cardioprotective effects of HBO were mainly evaluated using ELISA, fluorescent probes, transmission electron microscopy and reverse transcription-quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR). HBO pretreatment for 14 days (once a day) using a 0.25 MPa chamber improved mitochondrial morphology and decreased the number of autophagic vesicles, as observed using a transmission electron microscope. HBO pretreatment significantly increased the levels of ATP, ADP, energy charge and the opening of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore, but decreased the levels of AMP, cytochrome c and reactive oxygen species. Moreover, HBO pretreatment significantly increased the gene or protein expression levels of eIF4E-binding protein 1, mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), mitochondrial DNA, NADH dehydrogenase subunit 1, mitofusin 1 and mitofusin 2, whereas it decreased the gene or protein expression levels of autophagy-related 5 (Atg5), cytochrome c, dynamin-related protein 1 and p53, as determined using RT-qPCR or immunohistochemistry. In conclusion, HBO treatment was observed to protect cardiomyocytes during myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury (MIRI) by preventing mitochondrial dysfunction and inhibiting autophagy. Thus, these results provide novel evidence to support the use of HBO as a potential agent for the mitigation of MIRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan Chen
- Department of Emergency, The People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, P.R. China
| | - Liwen Lv
- Department of Emergency, The People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, P.R. China
| | - Zhihuan Nong
- Department of Pharmacy, The People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoyu Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, The People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, P.R. China
| | - Xiaorong Pan
- Department of Hyperbaric Oxygen, The People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, P.R. China
| | - Chunxia Chen
- Department of Hyperbaric Oxygen, The People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, P.R. China
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74
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Pourhanifeh MH, Mehrzadi S, Kamali M, Hosseinzadeh A. Melatonin and gastrointestinal cancers: Current evidence based on underlying signaling pathways. Eur J Pharmacol 2020; 886:173471. [PMID: 32877658 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2020.173471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Revised: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Gastrointestinal (GI) cancers, leading causes of cancer-related deaths, have been serious challenging human diseases up to now. Because of high rates of mortality, late-stage diagnosis, metastasis to distant locations, and low effectiveness and adverse events of routine standard therapies, the quality of life and survival time are low in patients with GI cancers. Hence, many efforts need to be done to explore and find novel efficient treatments. Beneficial effects of melatonin have been reported in a wide variety of human diseases. Melatonin has antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and anticancer effects. Various studies have showed the regulatory effects of melatonin on apoptotsis, autophagy and angiogenesis; these properties result in the inhibition of invasion, migration, and proliferation of GI cancer cells in vivo and in vitro. Together, this review suggests that melatonin in combination with anticancer agents may improve the efficacy of routine medicine and survival rate of patients with cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Hossein Pourhanifeh
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Saeed Mehrzadi
- Razi Drug Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Azam Hosseinzadeh
- Razi Drug Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Rodríguez C, Puente-Moncada N, Reiter RJ, Sánchez-Sánchez AM, Herrera F, Rodríguez-Blanco J, Duarte-Olivenza C, Turos-Cabal M, Antolín I, Martín V. Regulation of cancer cell glucose metabolism is determinant for cancer cell fate after melatonin administration. J Cell Physiol 2020; 236:27-40. [PMID: 32725819 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.29886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Revised: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 06/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Several oncogenic pathways plus local microenvironmental conditions, such as hypoxia, converge on the regulation of cancer cells metabolism. The major metabolic alteration consists of a shift from oxidative phosphorylation as the major glucose consumer to aerobic glycolysis, although most of cancer cells utilize both pathways to a greater or lesser extent. Aerobic glycolysis, together with the directly related metabolic pathways such as the tricarboxylic acid cycle, the pentose phosphate pathway, or gluconeogenesis are currently considered as therapeutic targets in cancer research. Melatonin has been reported to present numerous antitumor effects, which result in a reduced cell growth. This is achieved with both low and high concentrations with no relevant side effects. Indeed, high concentrations of this indolamine reduce proliferation of cancer types resistant to low concentrations and induce cell death in some types of tumors. Previous work suggest that regulation of glucose metabolism and other related pathways play an important role in the antitumoral effects of high concentration of melatonin. In the present review, we analyze recent work on the regulation by such concentrations of this indolamine on aerobic glycolysis, gluconeogenesis, the tricarboxylic acid cycle and the pentose phosphate pathways of cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Rodríguez
- Department of Morphology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain.,University Institute of Oncology of the Principality of Asturias (IUOPA), University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain.,Health Research Institute of the Principality of Asturias (ISPA), University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Noelia Puente-Moncada
- Department of Morphology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain.,University Institute of Oncology of the Principality of Asturias (IUOPA), University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain.,Health Research Institute of the Principality of Asturias (ISPA), University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Russel J Reiter
- Department of Cell Systems and Anatomy, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio (UTHSCSA), San Antonio, Texas
| | - Ana M Sánchez-Sánchez
- Department of Morphology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain.,University Institute of Oncology of the Principality of Asturias (IUOPA), University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain.,Health Research Institute of the Principality of Asturias (ISPA), University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Federico Herrera
- Cell Structure and Dynamics Laboratory, Institute of Chemical and Biological Technology (ITQB-NOVA), Estação Agronómica Nacional, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Jezabel Rodríguez-Blanco
- Molecular Oncology Program, Department of Surgery, The DeWitt Daughtry Family, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida.,Department of Pediatrics, Darby Children's Research Institute, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina.,Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Cristina Duarte-Olivenza
- Department of Morphology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain.,University Institute of Oncology of the Principality of Asturias (IUOPA), University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain.,Health Research Institute of the Principality of Asturias (ISPA), University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
| | - María Turos-Cabal
- Department of Morphology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain.,University Institute of Oncology of the Principality of Asturias (IUOPA), University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain.,Health Research Institute of the Principality of Asturias (ISPA), University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Isaac Antolín
- Department of Morphology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain.,University Institute of Oncology of the Principality of Asturias (IUOPA), University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain.,Health Research Institute of the Principality of Asturias (ISPA), University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Vanesa Martín
- Department of Morphology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain.,University Institute of Oncology of the Principality of Asturias (IUOPA), University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain.,Health Research Institute of the Principality of Asturias (ISPA), University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
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76
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Zhang J, Wu D, He Y, Li L, Liu S, Lu J, Gui H, Wang Y, Tao Y, Wang H, Kaushik D, Rodriguez R, Wang Z. Rapamycin inhibits AR signaling pathway in prostate cancer by interacting with the FK1 domain of FKBP51. Biochem Biophys Rep 2020; 23:100778. [PMID: 32695889 PMCID: PMC7365970 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2020.100778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Revised: 05/31/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Reactivation of the androgen receptor signaling pathway in the emasculated environment is the main reason for the occurrence of castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). The immunophilin FKBP51, as a co-chaperone protein, together with Hsp90 help the correct folding of AR. Rapamycin is a known small-molecule inhibitor of FKBP51, but its effect on the FKBP51/AR signaling pathway is not clear. In this study, the interaction mechanism between FKBP51 and rapamycin was investigated using steady-state fluorescence quenching, X-ray crystallization, MTT assay, and qRT-PCR. Steady-state fluorescence quenching assay showed that rapamycin could interact with FKBP51. The crystal of the rapamycin-FKBP51 complex indicated that rapamycin occupies the hydrophobic binding pocket of FK1 domain which is vital for AR activity. The residues involving rapamycin binding are mainly hydrophobic and may overlap with the AR interaction site. Further assays showed that rapamycin could inhibit the androgen-dependent growth of human prostate cancer cells by down-regulating the expression levels of AR activated downstream genes. Taken together, our study demonstrates that rapamycin suppresses AR signaling pathway by interfering with the interaction between AR and FKBP51. The results of this study not only can provide useful information about the interaction mechanism between rapamycin and FKBP51, but also can provide new clues for the treatment of prostate cancer and castration-resistant prostate cancer. Rapamycin occupies the hydrophobic binding pocket of FK1 domain of FKBP51. Rapamycin suppresses the AR signaling pathway by interacting with FKBP51. Rapamycin inhibits the growth of prostate cancer cells via the AR signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhang
- Institute of Urology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Key Laboratory of Urological Diseases in Gansu Province, Gansu Nephro-Urological Clinical Center, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730000, PR China
| | - Dan Wu
- Institute of Urology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Key Laboratory of Urological Diseases in Gansu Province, Gansu Nephro-Urological Clinical Center, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730000, PR China.,School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, PR China
| | - Yongxing He
- School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, PR China
| | - Lanlan Li
- Institute of Urology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Key Laboratory of Urological Diseases in Gansu Province, Gansu Nephro-Urological Clinical Center, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730000, PR China
| | - Shanhui Liu
- Institute of Urology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Key Laboratory of Urological Diseases in Gansu Province, Gansu Nephro-Urological Clinical Center, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730000, PR China
| | - Jianzhong Lu
- Institute of Urology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Key Laboratory of Urological Diseases in Gansu Province, Gansu Nephro-Urological Clinical Center, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730000, PR China
| | - Huiming Gui
- Institute of Urology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Key Laboratory of Urological Diseases in Gansu Province, Gansu Nephro-Urological Clinical Center, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730000, PR China
| | - Yuhan Wang
- Institute of Urology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Key Laboratory of Urological Diseases in Gansu Province, Gansu Nephro-Urological Clinical Center, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730000, PR China
| | - Yan Tao
- Institute of Urology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Key Laboratory of Urological Diseases in Gansu Province, Gansu Nephro-Urological Clinical Center, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730000, PR China
| | - Hanzhang Wang
- Department of Urology, University of Texas Health Science Center San Antonio, 7703 Floyd Curl Drive, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Dharam Kaushik
- Department of Urology, University of Texas Health Science Center San Antonio, 7703 Floyd Curl Drive, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Ronald Rodriguez
- Department of Urology, University of Texas Health Science Center San Antonio, 7703 Floyd Curl Drive, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Zhiping Wang
- Institute of Urology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Key Laboratory of Urological Diseases in Gansu Province, Gansu Nephro-Urological Clinical Center, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730000, PR China
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Perdomo J, Quintana C, González I, Hernández I, Rubio S, Loro JF, Reiter RJ, Estévez F, Quintana J. Melatonin Induces Melanogenesis in Human SK-MEL-1 Melanoma Cells Involving Glycogen Synthase Kinase-3 and Reactive Oxygen Species. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21144970. [PMID: 32674468 PMCID: PMC7404125 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21144970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Revised: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Melatonin is present in all living organisms where it displays a diversity of physiological functions. Attenuation of melanogenesis by melatonin has been reported in some mammals and also in rodent melanoma cells. However, melatonin may also stimulate melanogenesis in human melanoma cells through mechanisms that have not yet been revealed. Using the human melanoma cells SK-MEL-1 as a model, an increase in both tyrosinase activity and melanin was already observed at 24 h after melatonin treatment with maximal levels of both being detected at 72 h. This effect was associated with the induction in the expression of the enzymes involved in the synthesis of melanin. In this scenario, glycogen synthase kinase-3β seems to play a significant function since melatonin decreased its phosphorylation and preincubation with specific inhibitors of this protein kinase (lithium or BIO) reduced the expression and activity of tyrosinase. Blocking of PI3K/AKT pathway stimulated melanogenesis and the effect was suppressed by the inhibitors of glycogen synthase kinase-3β. Although melatonin is a recognized antioxidant, we found that it stimulates reactive oxygen species generation in SK-MEL-1 cells. These chemical species seem to be an important signal in activating the melanogenic process since the antioxidants N-acetyl-l-cysteine and glutathione decreased both the level and activity of tyrosinase stimulated by melatonin. Our results support the view that regulation of melanogenesis involves a cross-talk between several signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Perdomo
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Instituto Universitario de Investigaciones Biomédicas y Sanitarias (IUIBS), Universidad de las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35016 Las Palmas, Spain; (J.P.); (C.Q.); (I.G.); (I.H.); (S.R.); (F.E.)
| | - Carlos Quintana
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Instituto Universitario de Investigaciones Biomédicas y Sanitarias (IUIBS), Universidad de las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35016 Las Palmas, Spain; (J.P.); (C.Q.); (I.G.); (I.H.); (S.R.); (F.E.)
| | - Ignacio González
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Instituto Universitario de Investigaciones Biomédicas y Sanitarias (IUIBS), Universidad de las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35016 Las Palmas, Spain; (J.P.); (C.Q.); (I.G.); (I.H.); (S.R.); (F.E.)
| | - Inmaculada Hernández
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Instituto Universitario de Investigaciones Biomédicas y Sanitarias (IUIBS), Universidad de las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35016 Las Palmas, Spain; (J.P.); (C.Q.); (I.G.); (I.H.); (S.R.); (F.E.)
| | - Sara Rubio
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Instituto Universitario de Investigaciones Biomédicas y Sanitarias (IUIBS), Universidad de las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35016 Las Palmas, Spain; (J.P.); (C.Q.); (I.G.); (I.H.); (S.R.); (F.E.)
| | - Juan F. Loro
- Departamento de Ciencias Clínicas, Universidad de las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35016 Las Palmas, Spain;
| | - Russel J. Reiter
- Department of Cellular and Structural Biology, The University of Texas Health Science at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA;
| | - Francisco Estévez
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Instituto Universitario de Investigaciones Biomédicas y Sanitarias (IUIBS), Universidad de las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35016 Las Palmas, Spain; (J.P.); (C.Q.); (I.G.); (I.H.); (S.R.); (F.E.)
| | - José Quintana
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Instituto Universitario de Investigaciones Biomédicas y Sanitarias (IUIBS), Universidad de las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35016 Las Palmas, Spain; (J.P.); (C.Q.); (I.G.); (I.H.); (S.R.); (F.E.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-928458792
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78
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Wang W, Lu Y, Wang Y, Zhang Y, Xia B, Cao J. Siderophores induce mitophagy-dependent apoptosis in platelets. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2020; 8:879. [PMID: 32793723 DOI: 10.21037/atm-20-4861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Background Siderophores are major virulent factors of K. pneumoniae, and their roles are iron chelators in the host. Several studies have shown that iron chelation could result in mitochondrial dysfunction and increase the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which further induces cell mitophagy and apoptosis. However, the impacts of siderophores on platelets are still unknown. Methods We obtained platelets of healthy volunteers to perform in vitro experiments in our study and treated platelets with different siderophores. Mitophagy related proteins (TOMM20, TIMM23, LC3, and p62), signal proteins (PINK1/Parkin and BNIP3), and apoptosis protein (caspase3) in platelets were analyzed by western blot. The co-localization of mitotracker with LC3-II was analyzed by immunofluorescence assays. The flow cytometer was used to evaluate ROS levels. Results All four kinds of siderophores (10 μM) secreted by K. pneumoniae increased the expression of LC3 II and reduced the expression of mitochondrial membrane protein, TOMM20, and TIMM23. Immunofluorescence assays revealed that the treatment of enterobactin significantly increased the co-localization of mitotracker with LC3-II. All four kinds of siderophores increased the ROS level in platelets. Mitophagy of platelets was activated through several pathways, including PINK1/Parkin- and BNIP3-dependent pathways. We also proved that siderophores increased the expression of caspase3 in platelets, and the expression of caspase3 significantly decreased after the pathways of mitophagy were blocked. Conclusions K. pneumoniae siderophores lead to mitophagy in platelets, and mitophagy further induces apoptosis, which may be a potential treatment of thrombocytopenia in infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenyuan Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Yufeng Lu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Yulin Wang
- Clinical Medicine, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Hematology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Beilei Xia
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Juan Cao
- Department of Infectious Diseases, the Affiliated Wuxi People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, China
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79
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Melatonin and vitamin E alleviate homocysteine-induced oxidative injury and apoptosis in endothelial cells. Mol Biol Rep 2020; 47:5285-5293. [PMID: 32592115 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-020-05607-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 06/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
A relationship exists between hyperhomocysteinemia and cardiovascular diseases, although the underlying mechanisms are still incompletely defined. One possibility involves a homocysteine (Hcy)-induced increased oxidative stress. Melatonin (Mel) and vitamin E (vitE) are important anti-oxidants. The main purpose of this study was (1) to compare the effect of treatments with Mel, vitE or both, on Hcy-induced apoptosis in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs), and (2) to investigate the underlying mechanisms. Cell proliferation assay was carried out by Water Soluble Tetrazolium-1 (WST-1) assay kit. Apoptotic index was calculated by TUNEL Assay. Anti-oxidant parameters were studied by measurement of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and lipid peroxidation (LPO) levels. mRNA and protein expression levels of apoptotic and anti-apoptotic genes and proteins were studied by quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and Western blotting experiments respectively. The results showed that treatments with Mel, vitE or Mel + vitE suppressed Hcy-induced cell death, with a higher efficiency for the Mel and Mel + vitE treatments. Our results suggests that the mechanisms by which these anti-oxidants protected endothelial cells include the decrease in ROS and LPO levels, an increase in cell migration, the downregulation of pro-apoptotic proteins Cas 3, Cas 9, Cyt C and Bax and the upregulation of anti-apoptotic protein Bcl 2. Collectively, these results revealed the protective role of vitE and Mel against Hcy-induced cell apoptosis, which may add insight into therapeutic approaches to Hcy-induced damages.
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80
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Wu J, Yang Y, Gao Y, Wang Z, Ma J. Melatonin Attenuates Anoxia/Reoxygenation Injury by Inhibiting Excessive Mitophagy Through the MT2/SIRT3/FoxO3a Signaling Pathway in H9c2 Cells. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2020; 14:2047-2060. [PMID: 32546969 PMCID: PMC7260543 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s248628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Purpose Autophagy caused by ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) increases the extent of cardiomyocyte damage. Melatonin (Mel) diminishes cardiac injury through regulating autophagy and mitochondrial dynamics. However, illustrating the specific role of mitophagy in the cardioprotective effects of melatonin remains a challenge. The aim of our research was to investigate the impact and underlying mechanisms of melatonin in connection with mitophagy during anoxia/reoxygenation (A/R) injury in H9c2 cells. Methods H9c2 cells were pretreated with melatonin with or without the melatonin membrane receptor 2 (MT2) antagonist 4-P-PDOT, the MT2 agonist IIK7 and the sirtuin 3 (SIRT3) inhibitor 3-TYP for 4 hours and then subjected to A/R injury. Cell viability, cellular apoptosis, necrosis levels and oxidative markers were assessed. The expression of SIRT3 and forkhead box O3a (FoxO3a), mitochondrial function and the levels of mitophagy-related proteins were also evaluated. Results A/R injury provoked enhanced mitophagy in H9c2 myocytes. In addition, increased mitophagy was correlated with decreased cellular viability, increased oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction in H9c2 cells. However, melatonin pretreatment notably increased cell survival and decreased cell apoptosis and oxidative response after A/R injury, accompanied by restored mitochondrial function. The inhibition of excessive mitophagy is involved in the cardioprotective effects of melatonin, as shown by the decreased expression of the mitophagy-related molecules Parkin, Beclin1, and BCL2-interacting protein 3-like (BNIP3L, best known as NIX) and decreased light chain 3 II/light chain 3 I (LC3 II/LC3 I) ratio and upregulation of p62 expression. Moreover, the decreased expression of SIRT3 and FoxO3a in A/R-injured H9c2 cells was abrogated by melatonin, but these beneficial effects were attenuated by the MT2 antagonist 4-P-PDOT or the SIRT3 inhibitor 3-TYP and enhanced by the MT2 agonist IIK7. Conclusion These results indicate that melatonin protects H9c2 cells during A/R injury through suppressing excessive mitophagy by activating the MT2/SIRT3/FoxO3a pathway. Melatonin may be a useful candidate for alleviating myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (MI/R) injury in the future, and the MT2 receptor might become a therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinjing Wu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University-Beijing Institute of Heart Lung and Blood Vessel Diseases, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanli Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University-Beijing Institute of Heart Lung and Blood Vessel Diseases, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yafen Gao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University-Beijing Institute of Heart Lung and Blood Vessel Diseases, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhaoqi Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University-Beijing Institute of Heart Lung and Blood Vessel Diseases, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Ma
- Department of Anesthesiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University-Beijing Institute of Heart Lung and Blood Vessel Diseases, Beijing, People's Republic of China
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Mirza-Aghazadeh-Attari M, Reiter RJ, Rikhtegar R, Jalili J, Hajalioghli P, Mihanfar A, Majidinia M, Yousefi B. Melatonin: An atypical hormone with major functions in the regulation of angiogenesis. IUBMB Life 2020; 72:1560-1584. [PMID: 32329956 DOI: 10.1002/iub.2287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2020] [Revised: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Melatonin (N-acetyl-5-methoxytryptamine), a pleotropic molecule with a wide distribution, has received considerable attention in recent years, mostly because of its various major effects on tissues or cells since it has both receptor-dependent and receptor-independent actions over a wide range of concentrations. These biological and physiological functions of melatonin include regulation of circadian rhythms by modulating the expression of core oscillator genes, scavenging the reactive oxygen species and reactive nitrogen species, modulating the immune system and inflammatory response, and exerting cytoprotective and antiapoptotic effects. Given the multiple critical roles of melatonin, dysregulation of its production or any disruption in signaling through its receptors may have contributed in the development of a wide range of disorders including type 2 diabetes, aging, immune-mediated diseases, hypertension, and cancer. Herein, we focus on the modulatory effects of melatonin on angiogenesis and its implications as a therapeutic strategy in cancer and related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Mirza-Aghazadeh-Attari
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Aging Research Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Russel J Reiter
- Department of Cellular and Structural Biology, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Reza Rikhtegar
- Aging Research Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Javad Jalili
- Radiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Parisa Hajalioghli
- Radiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Ainaz Mihanfar
- Solid Tumor Research Center, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Maryam Majidinia
- Solid Tumor Research Center, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Bahman Yousefi
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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Gurunathan S, Jeyaraj M, Kang MH, Kim JH. Melatonin Enhances Palladium-Nanoparticle-Induced Cytotoxicity and Apoptosis in Human Lung Epithelial Adenocarcinoma Cells A549 and H1229. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:E357. [PMID: 32344592 PMCID: PMC7222421 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9040357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Revised: 04/18/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Palladium nanoparticles (PdNPs) are increasingly being used in medical and biological applications due to their unique physical and chemical properties. Recent evidence suggests that these nanoparticles can act as both a pro-oxidant and as an antioxidant. Melatonin (MLT), which also shows pro- and antioxidant properties, can enhance the efficacy of chemotherapeutic agents when combined with anticancer drugs. Nevertheless, studies regarding the molecular mechanisms underlying the anticancer effects of PdNPs and MLT in cancer cells are still lacking. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the potential toxicological and molecular mechanisms of PdNPs, MLT, and the combination of PdNPs with MLT in A549 lung epithelial adenocarcinoma cells. We evaluated cell viability, cell proliferation, cytotoxicity, oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and apoptosis in cells treated with different concentrations of PdNPs and MLT. PdNPs and MLT induced cytotoxicity, which was confirmed by leakage of lactate dehydrogenase, increased intracellular protease, and reduced membrane integrity. Oxidative stress increased the levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), malondialdehyde (MDA), nitric oxide (NO), protein carbonyl content (PCC), lipid hydroperoxide (LHP), and 8-isoprostane. Combining PdNPs with MLT elevated the levels of mitochondrial dysfunction by decreasing mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), ATP content, mitochondrial number, and expression levels of the main regulators of mitochondrial biogenesis. Additionally, PdNPs and MLT induced apoptosis and oxidative DNA damage due to accumulation of 4-hydroxynonenal (HNE), 8-oxo-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OhdG), and 8-hydroxyguanosine (8-OHG). Finally, PdNPs and MLT increased mitochondrially mediated stress and apoptosis, which was confirmed by the increased expression levels of apoptotic genes. To our knowledge, this is the first study demonstrating the effects of combining PdNPs and MLT in human lung cancer cells. These findings provide valuable insights into the molecular mechanisms involved in PdNP- and MLT-induced toxicity, and it may be that this combination therapy could be a potential effective therapeutic approach. This combination effect provides information to support the clinical evaluation of PdNPs and MLT as a suitable agents for lung cancer treatment, and the combined effect provides therapeutic value, as non-toxic concentrations of PdNPs and MLT are more effective, better tolerated, and show less adverse effects. Finally, this study suggests that MLT could be used as a supplement in nano-mediated combination therapies used to treat lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangiliyandi Gurunathan
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea; (M.J.); (M.-H.K.)
| | | | | | - Jin-Hoi Kim
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea; (M.J.); (M.-H.K.)
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83
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Mi L, Kuang H. Melatonin Regulates Cisplatin Resistance and Glucose Metabolism Through Hippo Signaling in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cells. Cancer Manag Res 2020; 12:1863-1874. [PMID: 32210629 PMCID: PMC7075351 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s230466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Accepted: 01/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction and Aim Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a primary malignancy that occurs in the liver. Clinical cases have been recorded worldwide, particularly in the Saharan area and Asia. In the present work, we aimed to probe the characteristics of melatonin involved in human HCC development, especially in cisplatin resistance and glucose metabolism. Methods Two HCC cells, HepG2 and Hep3B cells, were treated with melatonin. Cell cycle test was then used to define the role of melatonin in cell progression while Western blotting and qPCR assay were applied to determine the associated proteins in the treatment. Annexin V/PI staining and MTT assay was used to probe the involvement of melatonin in cisplatin-induced cell apoptosis process. Successively, we assessed glucose consumption in melatonin treated cells along with Western blotting for detection of GLUT-3 expression level. Yes-associated protein (YAP), a key regulator of Hippo signaling pathway, was further examined to characterize the function of melatonin on adjusting GLUT3 and Bcl-2 expression. Results Melatonin enabled inhibition of HepG2 and Hep3B proliferation and cell cycle progression via affecting the cell cycle-associated proteins. Annexin V/PI staining and MTT assay results demonstrated that melatonin assisted cisplatin-induced apoptosis accompanied with upregulated caspase-3 and poly ADP-ribose polymerase (PARP) cleavage, as well as Bcl-2 expression. It revealed that melatonin inhibits glucose uptake and ATP production via downregulation of Glucose transporter 3 (GLUT3). In addition, YAP was downregulated by melatonin treatment. The YAP depletion in HepG2 and Hep3B cells suppressed mRNA and protein expression of Bcl-2 and GLUT3, whereas overexpression of YAP in melatonin treated cells partly reversed the melatonin-induced inhibition on proliferation, cisplatin-induced apoptosis, and GLUT3 and Bcl-2 expression. Conclusion Melatonin hindered HCC proliferation and aided cisplatin resistance via regulating the Hippo signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Mi
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, Heilongjiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongyu Kuang
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, Heilongjiang Province, People's Republic of China
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84
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Hsieh MJ, Lin CW, Su SC, Reiter RJ, Chen AWG, Chen MK, Yang SF. Effects of miR-34b/miR-892a Upregulation and Inhibition of ABCB1/ABCB4 on Melatonin-Induced Apoptosis in VCR-Resistant Oral Cancer Cells. MOLECULAR THERAPY. NUCLEIC ACIDS 2020; 19:877-889. [PMID: 31982774 PMCID: PMC6994412 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2019.12.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2019] [Revised: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Multidrug resistance (MDR) is the resistance of cells toward various drugs commonly used in tumor treatment. The mechanism of drug resistance in oral cancer is not completely understood. Melatonin is an endogenously produced molecule involved in active biological mechanisms including antiproliferation, oncogene expression modulation, antitumor invasion and migration, and anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antiangiogenic effects. Despite these functions, the effects of melatonin on vincristine (VCR)-resistant human oral cancer cells remain largely unknown. This study analyzed the role of melatonin in VCR-resistant human oral cancer cells along with the underlying mechanism. We determined that melatonin induced the apoptosis and autophagy of VCR-resistant oral cancer cells; these actions were mediated by AKT, p38, and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK). Melatonin inhibited ATP-binding cassette B1 (ABCB1) and ABCB4 expression in vitro and in vivo. Melatonin reduced the drug resistance and promoted the apoptosis of VCR-resistant oral cancer cells through the upregulation of microRNA-892a (miR-892a) and miR-34b-5p expressions. The expression of miR-892a and miR-34b-5p was related to melatonin-induced apoptosis, but not autophagy. Therefore, melatonin is a potential novel chemotherapeutic agent for VCR-resistant human oral cancer cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Ju Hsieh
- Oral Cancer Research Center, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua 500, Taiwan; Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 402, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chiao-Wen Lin
- Institute of Oral Sciences, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 402, Taiwan; Department of Dentistry, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital 402, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Chi Su
- Whole-Genome Research Core Laboratory of Human Diseases, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung 204, Taiwan; Department of Dermatology, Drug Hypersensitivity Clinical and Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Linkou, and Keelung 204, Taiwan
| | - Russel J Reiter
- Department of Cellular and Structural Biology, The University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Andy Wei-Ge Chen
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan
| | - Mu-Kuan Chen
- Oral Cancer Research Center, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua 500, Taiwan; Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 402, Taiwan; Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan.
| | - Shun-Fa Yang
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 402, Taiwan; Department of Medical Research, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.
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85
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Li X, Chan LWC, Li X, Liu C, Yang G, Gao J, Dai M, Wang Y, Xie Z, Liu J, Zhou F, Zheng T, Feng D, Guo S, Li H, Sun K, Yang S. Obesity-Induced Regulator of Calcineurin 1 Overexpression Leads to β-Cell Failure Through Mitophagy Pathway Inhibition. Antioxid Redox Signal 2020; 32:413-428. [PMID: 31822118 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2019.7806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Aims: Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is associated with pancreatic β-cell dysfunction, manifested by reduced glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS). The regulator of calcineurin 1 (RCAN1) in islets is an endogenous inhibitor of calcium-activated protein phosphatase. Previous studies have indicated that global RCAN1 overexpression under high nutrient stress is involved in insulin resistance in T2D. However, the specific role and mechanism of this gene's overexpression in pancreatic β-cells have not been thoroughly elucidated to date. Results: In this study, we showed that mice overexpressing islet-specific RCAN1 exhibited a prediabetic phenotype with markedly reduced GSIS under nutrient stress. Overexpression of RCAN1 increased the autophagy-associated DNA methylation level of Beclin-1 suppressing the induction of autophagy, affected the protein kinase B, and downregulated the activation of mammalian target of rapamycin, leading to Miro1-mediated mitophagy deficiency. Furthermore, the exacerbated impairment of autophagy induction and mitophagy flux failures induced β-cell apoptosis, resulting in GSIS impairment, lipid imbalance, and NOD-like receptor 3 proinflammation under high nutrient stress in mice. Innovation: Our present data identify a detrimental effect of RCAN1 overexpression on Miro1-mediated mitophagy deficiency and β-cell dysfunction in high-fat diet-fed RCAN1 overexpressing mice. Conclusion: Our results revealed that strategies targeting RCAN1 in vivo may provide a therapeutic target to enhance β-cell mitophagy quality and may determine the crucial factor in T2D development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xujun Li
- ABSL-3 Laboratory at the Center for Animal Experiment, Institute of Animal Model for Human Disease, Wuhan University School of Medicine, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Lawrence W C Chan
- Department of Health Technology and Informatics, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Xianyu Li
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunyan Liu
- ABSL-3 Laboratory at the Center for Animal Experiment, Institute of Animal Model for Human Disease, Wuhan University School of Medicine, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Guohua Yang
- Demonstration Center for Experimental Basic Medicine Education, School of Basic Medical Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianfeng Gao
- ABSL-3 Laboratory at the Center for Animal Experiment, Institute of Animal Model for Human Disease, Wuhan University School of Medicine, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Ming Dai
- ABSL-3 Laboratory at the Center for Animal Experiment, Institute of Animal Model for Human Disease, Wuhan University School of Medicine, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yunxin Wang
- School of Medical Technology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiwen Xie
- School of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Junli Liu
- Shanghai Diabetes Research Institute, Shanghai JiaoTong University Affiliated 6th People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Fuling Zhou
- Department of Hematology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Tian Zheng
- Department of Ophthalmology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Du Feng
- Key Laboratory of Protein Modification and Degradation, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Affiliated Cancer Hospital and Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Shaodong Guo
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
| | - Haojie Li
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Kai Sun
- Center for Metabolic and Degenerative Diseases, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas
| | - Sijun Yang
- ABSL-3 Laboratory at the Center for Animal Experiment, Institute of Animal Model for Human Disease, Wuhan University School of Medicine, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
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86
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Xue DF, Pan ST, Huang G, Qiu JX. ROS enhances the cytotoxicity of cisplatin by inducing apoptosis and autophagy in tongue squamous cell carcinoma cells. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2020; 122:105732. [PMID: 32097729 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2020.105732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Revised: 02/16/2020] [Accepted: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Cisplatin is one of the most widely used anticancer agents for patients with tongue squamous cell carcinoma (TSCC), but its efficacy is limited by chemoresistance. Accumulated evidence has demonstrated that reactive oxygen species (ROS) plays a critical role in multiple tumor chemotherapy resistance. In the present study, we aimed to investigate the role of ROS in cisplatin resistance of TSCC and explore its underlying molecular mechanism in vitro. Our results showed that pre-treatment with ROS scavenger N-acetylcysteine reduced cisplatin-induced cytotoxicity, autophagy, and apoptosis in TSCC cells. Down-regulation of intracellular ROS attenuated apoptosis and autophagy of TSCC cisplatin-resistant CAL27/CDDP cells by reversing the inhibition of p38MAPK/mTOR pathway. Taken together, these findings suggest that down-regulation of intracellular ROS reduces the cytotoxicity of cisplatin by inhibiting apoptosis and autophagy in TSCC cells involving p38MAPK/mTOR mediated pathway. Low intracellular ROS levels may be one of the main mechanisms of cisplatin resistance in TSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan-Feng Xue
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, China
| | - Shu-Ting Pan
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, China
| | - Gan Huang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, China
| | - Jia-Xuan Qiu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, China.
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87
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Bi X, Wang Y, Wang D, Liu L, Zhu W, Zhang J, Zha X. A mitochondrial-targetable dual functional near-infrared fluorescent probe to monitor pH and H2O2 in living cells and mice. RSC Adv 2020; 10:26874-26879. [PMID: 35515755 PMCID: PMC9055531 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra03905e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
A lower pH level and high hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) concentration in mitochondria is closely associated with a variety of diseases including cancer and inflammation. Thus, determination of changes in the level of acidic pH and H2O2 is of great importance and could provide new insights into the key functions under both physiological and pathological conditions. Herein, we present a novel mitochondria-targetable probe NIR-pH-H2O2, as the first near infrared (NIR) fluorescent small molecule, to monitor changes of endogenous pH (pka = 6.17) and H2O2 with high sensitivity, good compatibility and low cytotoxicity. Futhermore, it was successfully employed to monitor pH and H2O2 in a mouse acute inflammation model. These results demonstrate that NIR-pH-H2O2 is a novel bifunctional mitochondrial-targeted NIR probe to sense acidic pH and H2O2in vitro and in vivo, indicating its huge potential for the diagnosis of pH and H2O2-related diseases. A lower pH level and high hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) concentration in mitochondria is closely associated with a variety of diseases including cancer and inflammation.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueyuan Bi
- School of Engineering
- China Pharmaceutical University
- Nanjing 211198
- China
| | - Yingying Wang
- School of Engineering
- China Pharmaceutical University
- Nanjing 211198
- China
| | - Dandan Wang
- School of Engineering
- China Pharmaceutical University
- Nanjing 211198
- China
| | - Liming Liu
- School of Engineering
- China Pharmaceutical University
- Nanjing 211198
- China
| | - Wen Zhu
- School of Engineering
- China Pharmaceutical University
- Nanjing 211198
- China
| | - Junjie Zhang
- School of Pharmacy
- China Pharmaceutical University
- Nanjing 211198
- China
| | - Xiaoming Zha
- School of Engineering
- China Pharmaceutical University
- Nanjing 211198
- China
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88
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Yang SF, Chen YS, Chien HW, Wang K, Lin CL, Chiou HL, Lee CY, Chen PN, Hsieh YH. Melatonin attenuates epidermal growth factor-induced cathepsin S expression in ARPE-19 cells: Implications for proliferative vitreoretinopathy. J Pineal Res 2020; 68:e12615. [PMID: 31605630 DOI: 10.1111/jpi.12615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2019] [Revised: 09/24/2019] [Accepted: 10/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Abnormal proliferation and motility of retinal pigment epithelial cells leads to proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR). Melatonin is a known effective antitumour and anti-invasive agent, but whether it affects the formation and underlying mechanisms of PVR remains unclear. In this study, the results of the MTT assay, colony formation and propidium iodide (PI) staining with flow cytometry revealed that melatonin dose dependently inhibited epidermal growth factor (EGF)-induced proliferation of human ARPE-19 cells. Furthermore, melatonin reduced EGF-induced motility by suppressing cathepsin S (CTSS) expression. Pretreatment with ZFL (a CTSS inhibitor) or overexpression of CTSS (pCMV-CTSS) significantly inhibited EGF-induced cell motility when combined with melatonin. Epidermal growth factor induced the phosphorylation of AKT(S473)/mTOR (S2448) and transcription factor (c-Jun/Sp1) signaling pathways. Pretreatment of LY294002 (a PI3K inhibitor) or rapamycin (an mTOR inhibitor) markedly reduced EGF-induced motility and p-AKT/p-mTOR/c-Jun/Sp1 expression when combined with melatonin. Taken together, these data indicate that melatonin inhibited EGF-induced proliferation and motility of human ARPE-19 cells by activating the AKT/mTOR pathway, which is dependent on CTSS modulation of c-Jun/Sp1 signalling. Melatonin may be a promising therapeutic drug against PVR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shun-Fa Yang
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yong-Syuan Chen
- Institute of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Hsiang-Wen Chien
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Departments of Ophthalmology, Sijhih Cathay General Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Cathay General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kai Wang
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Departments of Ophthalmology, Sijhih Cathay General Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Cathay General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Liang Lin
- Institute of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Ling Chiou
- Department of Medical Laboratory and Biotechnology, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Yi Lee
- Department of Ophthalmology, Show Chwan Memorial Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Ni Chen
- Institute of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Hsien Hsieh
- Institute of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Clinical laboratory, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
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89
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Zhang Z, Lin R, Liu Z, Yan T, Xia Y, Zhao L, Lin F, Zhang X, Li C, Wang Y. Curcumin analog, WZ37, promotes G2/M arrest and apoptosis of HNSCC cells through Akt/mTOR inhibition. Toxicol In Vitro 2019; 65:104754. [PMID: 31863822 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2019.104754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2019] [Revised: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is a leading form of malignancy arising from the head and neck region. Existing conventional therapies are toxic and induce resistance to advanced HNSCC, therefore, new highly efficient therapeutic agents are urgently needed. The present study investigated the anti-cancer efficacy of WZ37, a curcumin analog, in HNSCC cell lines, and defined the mechanism of this activity. Results indicated that WZ37 inhibited proliferation of several HNSCC cell types by G2/M cycle arrest, promoted expression of a pro-apoptotic protein profile, and induced ROS-dependent mitochondrial injury and ER stress. Pre-treatment with NAC, an ROS scavenger, lowered the anti-cancer activity of WZ37 in HEP-2 cells. Long-term treatment of WZ37 (24 h) decreased Akt/mTOR phosphorylation which was accompanied by increased expression of BAD and PTEN. Moreover, co-treatment of WZ37 with MK-2206 (Akt inhibitor) promoted cancer cell apoptosis. Our findings indicated that the anti-cancer potential of WZ37 was attributed to ROS-dependent cell cycle arrest, mitochondrial injury, and ER stress, leading to apoptosis. The basis of the HNSCC cell apoptosis was through a mechanism of inhibition of the oxidant-sensitive Akt/mTOR pathway. We conclude that WZ37 can be a promising anti-cancer agent for the treatment of HNSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziheng Zhang
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China; The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China; Department of Pharmacy, the Affiliated Yueqing Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, China
| | - Renyu Lin
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China; The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Zhoudi Liu
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Tao Yan
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Yiqun Xia
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Leping Zhao
- Department of Pharmacy, the Affiliated Yueqing Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, China
| | - Feng Lin
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Xi Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, the Affiliated Yueqing Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, China
| | - Chenglong Li
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Yi Wang
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China.
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90
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Li Z, Jiang T, Lu Q, Xu K, He J, Xie L, Chen Z, Zheng Z, Ye L, Xu K, Zhang H, Hu A. Berberine attenuated the cytotoxicity induced by t-BHP via inhibiting oxidative stress and mitochondria dysfunction in PC-12 cells. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2019; 40:587-602. [PMID: 31828466 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-019-00756-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2019] [Accepted: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases all share several common features such as involvement of oxidative damage and mitochondrial dysfunction in pathogenesis. Oxidative stress induced by overproduction of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) or impairment of the antioxidant deficiency results in mitochondrial dysfunction and initiation of the cell death cascade. Berberine (BBR), a traditional Chinese medicine, has been reported to exert anti-oxidative stress and anti-apoptosis effect in CNS diseases. However, the mechanism of BBR on regulating mitophagy and protecting mitochondrial function under oxidative stress remains unclear. In present study, we evaluated the beneficial effects of BBR on the tert-butyl hydroperoxide (t-BHP)-induced cytotoxicity. Furthermore, we explored the protective role of BBR in mitochondrial function and mitophagy under oxidative stress in PC-12 cells. Our results demonstrated that BBR effectively inhibited t-BHP-induced apoptosis which is associated with the decreased leakage of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and ROS overproduction. Moreover, BBR significantly suppressed cytochrome c expression, upregulated the ratio of Bcl-2/Bax, and ameliorated mitochondrial dysfunction by optimizing mitochondria membrane potential (ΔΨm) status and ATP production. In addition, BBR reduced the expression of autophagy-specific marker LC3, SQTM1/p62, and maintained lysosome normal function which involved the restoration of upstream signaling pathway AKT and mTOR phosphorylation level. Collectively, these findings suggested that BBR protects PC-12 cells from oxidative injury through inhibiting ROS level, mitochondria dysfunction, and mitophagy via PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathways, which suggest a potential therapeutic strategy for oxidative stress and neurotoxic damages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengmao Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ting Jiang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qi Lu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ke Xu
- Institute of Life Sciences, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jianping He
- Department of Pharmacy, Shaoxing No. 2 Hospital, Shaoxing, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lei Xie
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shaoxing No. 2 Hospital, Shaoxing, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zaifeng Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Cixi People's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical Uinversity, Ninbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhilong Zheng
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Luxia Ye
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Kebin Xu
- Department of Pharmacy, Ningbo No. 2 Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hongyu Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Aiping Hu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China.
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91
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Potential of Melatonin as Adjuvant Therapy of Oral Cancer in the Era of Epigenomics. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11111712. [PMID: 31684096 PMCID: PMC6895876 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11111712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2019] [Revised: 10/16/2019] [Accepted: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The wide variety of epigenetic controls available is rapidly expanding the knowledge of molecular biology even overflowing it. At the same time, it can illuminate unsuspected ways of understanding the etiology of cancer. New emerging therapeutic horizons, then, promise to overcome the current antitumor strategies need. The translational utility of this complexity is particularly welcome in oral cancer (OC), in which natural history is alarmingly disappointing due to the invasive and mutilating surgery, the high relapsing rate, the poor quality of life and the reduced survival after diagnosis. Melatonin activates protective receptor-dependent and receptor-independent processes that prevent tissue cancerisation and inhibit progressive tumor malignancy and metastasis. Related evidence has shown that melatonin pleiotropy encompasses gene expression regulation through all the three best-characterized epigenetic mechanisms: DNA methylation, chromatin modification, and non-coding RNA. OC has received less attention than other cancers despite prognosis is usually negative and there are no significant therapy improvements recorded in the past decade. However, a large research effort is being carried out to elucidate how melatonin´s machinery can prevent epigenetic insults that lead to cancer. In the light of recent findings, a comprehensive examination of biochemistry through which melatonin may reverse epigenetic aberrations in OC is an extraordinary opportunity to take a step forward in the clinical management of patients.
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92
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Mortezaee K, Potes Y, Mirtavoos-Mahyari H, Motevaseli E, Shabeeb D, Musa AE, Najafi M, Farhood B. Boosting immune system against cancer by melatonin: A mechanistic viewpoint. Life Sci 2019; 238:116960. [PMID: 31629760 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2019.116960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2019] [Revised: 10/05/2019] [Accepted: 10/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Cancer is a disease of high complexity. Resistance to therapy is a major challenge in cancer targeted therapies. Overcoming this resistance requires a deep knowledge of the cellular interactions within tumor. Natural killer (NK) cells and cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) are the main anti-cancer immune cells, while T regulatory cells (Tregs) and cancer associated fibroblasts (CAFs) facilitate immune escape of cancer cells. Melatonin is a natural agent with anti-cancer functions that has also been suggested as an adjuvant in combination with cancer therapy modalities such as chemotherapy, radiotherapy, immunotherapy and tumor vaccination. One of the main effects of melatonin is regulation of immune responses against cancer cells. Melatonin has been shown to potentiate the activities of anti-cancer immune cells, as well as attenuating the activities of Tregs and CAFs. It also has a potent effect on the mitochondria, which may change immune responses against cancer. In this review, we explain the mechanisms of immune regulation by melatonin involved in its anti-cancer effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keywan Mortezaee
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Yaiza Potes
- Department of Morphology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oviedo, C/ Julián Clavería 6, 33006, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Hanifeh Mirtavoos-Mahyari
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Elahe Motevaseli
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Dheyauldeen Shabeeb
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Misan, Misan, Iraq
| | - Ahmed Eleojo Musa
- Department of Medical Physics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (International Campus), Tehran, Iran
| | - Masoud Najafi
- Radiology and Nuclear Medicine Department, School of Paramedical Sciences, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.
| | - Bagher Farhood
- Department of Medical Physics and Radiology, Faculty of Paramedical Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran.
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93
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Huang D, Jiang Y. MKP1 reduces neuroinflammation via inhibiting endoplasmic reticulum stress and mitochondrial dysfunction. J Cell Physiol 2019; 235:4316-4325. [PMID: 31612495 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.29308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2019] [Accepted: 09/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
MAP kinase phosphatase 1 (MKP1) has been identified as an antiapoptotic protein via sustaining mitochondrial function. However, the role of MKP1 in neuroinflammation has not been fully understood. The aim of this study is to figure out the influence of MKP1 in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-treated microglia BV-2 cells and investigate whether MKP1 reduces BV-2 cell death via modulating endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and mitochondrial dysfunction. The results of this study demonstrated that MKP1 was rapidly downregulated after exposure to LPS. However, the transfection of MKP1 adenovirus could reverse cell viability and attenuate LPS-mediated BV-2 cell apoptosis. Mechanistically, MKP1 overexpression alleviated ER stress and corrected LPS-induced calcium overloading. Besides, MKP1 adenovirus transfection also reversed mitochondrial bioenergetics, maintained mitochondrial membrane potential, and blocked mitochondria-initiated apoptosis signals. Furthermore, we found that MKP1 overexpression is associated with inactivation of mitogen-activated protein kinase-c-Jun N-terminal kinase (MAPK-JNK) pathway. Interestingly, the activation of MAPK-JNK pathway could abolish the protective effects of MKP1 on BV-2 cells survival and mitochondrial function in the presence of LPS. Altogether, our results identified MKP1 as a primary defender of neuroinflammation via modulating ER stress and mitochondrial function in a manner dependent on MAPK-JNK pathway. These findings may open a new window for the treatment of neuroinflammation in the clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dezhi Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yugang Jiang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
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94
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Zhang Z, Liu S, Huang S. Effects of thymosin β4 on neuronal apoptosis in a rat model of cerebral ischemia‑reperfusion injury. Mol Med Rep 2019; 20:4186-4192. [PMID: 31545437 PMCID: PMC6797993 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2019.10683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2019] [Accepted: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to investigate the protective effects of thymosin β4 (Tβ4) on neuronal apoptosis in rat middle cerebral artery occlusion ischemia/reperfusion (MCAO I/R) injury, and determine the mechanisms involved in this process. Forty-eight adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into three groups (n=16 per group): A sham control group, an ischemia/reperfusion group (I/R group), and a Tβ4 group. The focal cerebral I/R model was established by blocking the right MCA for 2 h, followed by reperfusion for 24 h. The Zea-Longa method was used to assess neurological deficits. Cerebral infarct volume was assessed using 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride staining, and pathological changes were observed via hematoxylin and eosin staining. The terminal dexynucleotidyl transferase (TdT)-mediated dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) assay was used to detect apoptosis. The expression of glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78), C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP), and caspase-12 (CASP12) protein was assessed using immunohistochemistry and western blotting 24 h after reperfusion. Infarct volume and neuronal damage in the I/R and Tβ4 groups were significantly greater than those observed in the sham group. The Zea-Longa score, neuronal apoptosis, and expression of GRP78, CHOP, and CASP12 in the I/R and Tβ4 groups were significantly higher than those reported in the sham group. However, the Longa score and neuronal apoptosis were lower in the Tβ4 group compared to the I/R group. The expression of GRP78 was significantly increased, whereas that of CHOP and CASP12 was significantly decreased in the Tβ4 group compared to the I/R group. The present data revealed that Tβ4 can inhibit neuronal apoptosis by upregulating GRP78 and downregulating CHOP and CASP12, thereby reducing cerebral I/R injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongsheng Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan People's Hospital, Qingyuan, Guangdong 511518, P.R. China
| | - Shuangfeng Liu
- Department of Neurology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan People's Hospital, Qingyuan, Guangdong 511518, P.R. China
| | - Sichun Huang
- Department of Neurology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan People's Hospital, Qingyuan, Guangdong 511518, P.R. China
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95
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Zhong J, Ouyang H, Sun M, Lu J, Zhong Y, Tan Y, Hu Y. Tanshinone IIA attenuates cardiac microvascular ischemia-reperfusion injury via regulating the SIRT1-PGC1α-mitochondrial apoptosis pathway. Cell Stress Chaperones 2019; 24:991-1003. [PMID: 31388827 PMCID: PMC6717231 DOI: 10.1007/s12192-019-01027-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2019] [Revised: 07/04/2019] [Accepted: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiac microvascular ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury has been a neglected topic in recent decades. In the current study, we investigated the mechanism underlying microvascular IR injury, with a focus on mitochondrial homeostasis. We also explored the protective role of tanshinone IIA (Tan IIA) in microvascular protection in the context of IR injury. Through animal studies and cell experiments, we demonstrated that IR injury mediated microvascular wall destruction, lumen stenosis, perfusion defects, and cardiac microvascular endothelial cell (CMEC) apoptosis via inducing mitochondrial damage. In contrast, Tan IIA administration had the ability to sustain CMEC viability and microvascular homeostasis, finally attenuating microvascular IR injury. Function studies have confirmed that the SIRT1/PGC1α pathway is responsible for the microvascular protection from the Tan IIA treatment. SIRT1 activation by Tan IIA sustained the mitochondrial potential, alleviated the mitochondrial pro-apoptotic factor leakage, reduced the mPTP opening, and blocked mitochondrial apoptosis, providing a survival advantage for CMECs and preserving microvascular structure and function. By comparison, inhibiting SIRT1 abrogated the beneficial effects of Tan IIA on mitochondrial function, CMEC survival, and microvascular homeostasis. Collectively, this study indicated that Tan IIA should be considered a microvascular-protective drug that alleviates acute cardiac microcirculation IR injury via activating the SIRT1/PGC1α pathway and thereby blocking mitochondrial damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiankai Zhong
- Department of Cardiology, Shunde Hospital, Southern Medical University (The First People's Hospital of Shunde Foshan), Foshan, 528300, Guangdong, China
| | - Haichun Ouyang
- Department of Cardiology, Shunde Hospital, Southern Medical University (The First People's Hospital of Shunde Foshan), Foshan, 528300, Guangdong, China
| | - Mingming Sun
- Department of Animal Science, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY, 82071, USA
| | - Jianhua Lu
- Department of Cardiology, Shunde Hospital, Southern Medical University (The First People's Hospital of Shunde Foshan), Foshan, 528300, Guangdong, China
| | - Yuanlin Zhong
- Department of Cardiology, Shunde Hospital, Southern Medical University (The First People's Hospital of Shunde Foshan), Foshan, 528300, Guangdong, China
| | - Ying Tan
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China.
| | - Yunzhao Hu
- Department of Cardiology, Shunde Hospital, Southern Medical University (The First People's Hospital of Shunde Foshan), Foshan, 528300, Guangdong, China.
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96
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Ma Z, Liu D, Di S, Zhang Z, Li W, Zhang J, Xu L, Guo K, Zhu Y, Li X, Han J, Yan X. Histone deacetylase 9 downregulation decreases tumor growth and promotes apoptosis in non-small cell lung cancer after melatonin treatment. J Pineal Res 2019; 67:e12587. [PMID: 31090223 DOI: 10.1111/jpi.12587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2019] [Revised: 04/23/2019] [Accepted: 05/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Histone deacetylase 9 functions as an oncogene in a variety of cancers, but its role on non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) has not been reported. Melatonin was proven to possess anticancer actions, whereas its effect on NSCLC and underlying mechanisms remains poorly understood. In this study, 337 patients with complete clinicopathologic characteristics who underwent NSCLC surgery were recruited for the study. We found that NSCLC patients with high HDAC9 expression were correlated with worse overall survival and poor prognosis. HDAC9 knockdown significantly reduced NSCLC cell growth and induced apoptosis both in vivo and in vitro. Melatonin application also markedly inhibited cell proliferation, metastasis, and invasion and promoted apoptosis in NSCLC cells. Moreover, RNA-seq, real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction, and western blot analyses showed that melatonin treatment decreased the HDAC9 level in NSCLC cells. A mechanistic study revealed that HDAC9 knockdown further enhanced the anticancer activities of melatonin treatment, whereas HDAC9 overexpression partially reversed the melatonin's anticancer effects. Additionally, the in vivo study found melatonin exerted anti-proliferative and pro-apoptotic effects on xenograft tumors which were also strengthened by HDAC9 knockdown. These results indicated that HDAC9 downregulation mediated the anti-NSCLC actions of melatonin, and targeting HDAC9 may be the novel therapeutic strategy for NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqiang Ma
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Dong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Shouyin Di
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Zhipei Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Weimiao Li
- Department of Oncology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jiao Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Liqun Xu
- Department of Aerospace Medicine, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Kai Guo
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yifang Zhu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xiaofei Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jing Han
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xiaolong Yan
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
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97
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Li X, Hu Y, Li X, Ma H. Mitochondria-Immobilized Near-Infrared Ratiometric Fluorescent pH Probe To Evaluate Cellular Mitophagy. Anal Chem 2019; 91:11409-11416. [PMID: 31373195 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b02782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondria, powerhouses of cells, possess a weakly alkaline environment. Various stress stimulations may lead to mitophagy, which further gives a rise to mitochondrial acidification and disfunction. Therefore, monitoring mitochondrial pH alterations is of great importance to better elucidate their role in the cellular metabolism. Toward this end, a number of mitochondrial fluorescent pH probes have been proposed, but most of them are based on electrostatic attraction and readily leak out from the mitochondria during mitophagy with decreased membrane potential, thus failing to accurately measure the pH changes. In this work, we report a mitochondria-immobilized ratiometric fluorescent pH probe, which allows the quantitative measurements of mitochondrial pH. The probe was designed and prepared by introducing a reactive benzyl chloride into a positively charged near-infrared hydroxyl-hemicyanine. The cationic property facilitates the probe to be quickly enriched into mitochondria, the hydroxyl group is responsible for producing a reversible ratiometric fluorescence signal, and benzyl chloride is used to react with nucleophiles for immobilizing the probe in mitochondria. Taking these advantages of the probe, the mitochondrial pH variations during mitophagy caused by rapamycin and hypoxia have been determined quantitatively for the first time. The observed severe acidification of mitochondria under these stimulations, together with the rationally designed probe, may be useful for studying the detailed function of mitochondria in some bioprocesses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyi Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems , Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190 , China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , China
| | - Yiming Hu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems , Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190 , China
| | - Xiaohua Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems , Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190 , China
| | - Huimin Ma
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems , Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190 , China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , China
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98
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Mo C, Shetti D, Wei K. Erianin Inhibits Proliferation and Induces Apoptosis of HaCaT Cells via ROS-Mediated JNK/c-Jun and AKT/mTOR Signaling Pathways. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24152727. [PMID: 31357564 PMCID: PMC6695952 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24152727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Revised: 07/22/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Psoriasis is a recurrent skin disease described as keratinocyte hyperproliferation and aberrant differentiation. Erianin, a bibenzyl compound extracted from Dendrobium chrysotoxum, has displayed antitumor and anti-angiogenesis effects. However, the effects of erianin on a human keratinocyte cell line (HaCaT) are not fully understood. In the present study, we explored the effect of erianin on proliferation and apoptosis in HaCaT cells. Our results indicated that treatment with erianin ranging from 12.5 nM to 50 nM inhibited proliferation and induced apoptosis of HaCaT cells. In addition, erianin-induced apoptosis was accompanied by elevated reactive oxygen species (ROS). The ROS scavenger N-acetyl-cysteine (NAC) attenuated this elevation. Moreover, treatment with erianin induced activation of the c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK)/c-Jun signaling pathway and suppressed the protein kinase B (AKT)/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway, while pretreatment with NAC also reversed these effects. Collectively, these data demonstrated that erianin inhibited proliferation and induced apoptosis of HaCaT cells through ROS-mediated JNK/c-Jun and AKT/mTOR signaling pathways. Erianin could be recognized as a potential anti-psoriasis drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Canlong Mo
- School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Dattatrya Shetti
- School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Kun Wei
- School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China.
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99
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Li J, Liu W, Hao H, Wang Q, Xue L. Rapamycin enhanced the antitumor effects of doxorubicin in myelogenous leukemia K562 cells by downregulating the mTOR/p70S6K pathway. Oncol Lett 2019; 18:2694-2703. [PMID: 31404320 PMCID: PMC6676723 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2019.10589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2018] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) is a common hematological malignancy. Some patients progressing to the blast phase develop chemotherapeutic drug resistance. In the authors' previous study, it was found that the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway was activated in CML and that rapamycin inhibited the proliferation of K562 cells. Targeting the mTOR pathway may be used in combination with chemotherapeutic drugs to enhance their efficacy and overcome multidrug resistance. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of rapamycin and doxorubicin on K562 cell proliferation following the combination treatment, and further focus on confirming whether rapamycin enhanced the antitumor effects of doxorubicin by downregulating the mTOR/ribosomal protein S6 kinase (p70S6K) pathway. It was found that rapamycin and doxorubicin significantly decreased the viability of K562 cells. The apoptotic cells were more frequently detected in rapamycin and doxorubicin treatment groups (25.50±1.25%). Both drugs decreased Bcl-2 and increased Bax expression in K562 cells. Rapamycin and doxorubicin also reduced the phosphorylation levels of mTOR and p70S6K. Meanwhile, p70S6K-targeting small interfering (si)RNA and doxorubicin inhibited cell proliferation and regulated key factors of the cell cycle. In addition, the exposure of cells to p70S6K siRNA and doxorubicin significantly increased cell apoptosis, as compared with single treatment. These results suggested that rapamycin could enhance the antitumor effects of doxorubicin on K562 cells by downregulating mTOR/p70S6K signaling. Targeting the mTOR/p70S6K pathway may be a new therapeutic approach for leukemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Li
- Department of Hematology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050000, P.R. China
| | - Wenjing Liu
- Department of Pathology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050000, P.R. China
| | - Hongling Hao
- Department of Hematology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050000, P.R. China
| | - Qiuyi Wang
- Department of Pathology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050000, P.R. China
| | - Liying Xue
- Department of Pathology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050000, P.R. China
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100
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Tian H, Wang K, Jin M, Li J, Yu Y. Proinflammation effect of Mst1 promotes BV-2 cell death via augmenting Drp1-mediated mitochondrial fragmentation and activating the JNK pathway. J Cell Physiol 2019; 235:1504-1514. [PMID: 31283035 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.29070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2019] [Accepted: 06/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Inflammation has been increasingly studied as part of the pathophysiology of neurodegenerative diseases. Mammalian Ste20-like kinase 1 (Mst1), a key factor of the Hippo pathway, is connected to cell death. Unfortunately, little study has been performed to detect the impact of Mst1 in neuroninflammation. The results indicated that Mst1 expression was upregulated because of LPS treatment. However, the loss of Mst1 sustained BV-2 cell viability and promoted cell survival in the presence of LPS treatment. Molecular investigation assay demonstrated that Mst1 deletion was followed by a drop in the levels of mitochondrial fission via repressing Drp1 expression. However, Drp1 adenovirus transfection reduced the protective impacts of Mst1 knockdown on mitochondrial stress and neuronal dysfunction. Finally, our results illuminated that Mst1 affected Drp1 content and mitochondrial fission in a JNK-dependent mechanism. Reactivation of the JNK axis inhibited Mst1 knockdown-mediated neuronal protection and mitochondrial homeostasis. Altogether, our results indicated that Mst1 upregulation and the activation of JNK-Drp1-mitochondrial fission pathway could be considered as the novel mechanism regulating the progression of neuroninflammation. This finding would pave a new road for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases via modulating the Mst1-JNK-Drp1-mitochondrial fission axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Tian
- Department of Neurosurgery, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Kang Wang
- Department of Neurology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Miao Jin
- Department of Neurology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jingtao Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yanbing Yu
- Department of Neurosurgery, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
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