51
|
Maas RGC, van den Dolder FW, Yuan Q, van der Velden J, Wu SM, Sluijter JPG, Buikema JW. Harnessing developmental cues for cardiomyocyte production. Development 2023; 150:dev201483. [PMID: 37560977 PMCID: PMC10445742 DOI: 10.1242/dev.201483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/11/2023]
Abstract
Developmental research has attempted to untangle the exact signals that control heart growth and size, with knockout studies in mice identifying pivotal roles for Wnt and Hippo signaling during embryonic and fetal heart growth. Despite this improved understanding, no clinically relevant therapies are yet available to compensate for the loss of functional adult myocardium and the absence of mature cardiomyocyte renewal that underlies cardiomyopathies of multiple origins. It remains of great interest to understand which mechanisms are responsible for the decline in proliferation in adult hearts and to elucidate new strategies for the stimulation of cardiac regeneration. Multiple signaling pathways have been identified that regulate the proliferation of cardiomyocytes in the embryonic heart and appear to be upregulated in postnatal injured hearts. In this Review, we highlight the interaction of signaling pathways in heart development and discuss how this knowledge has been translated into current technologies for cardiomyocyte production.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Renee G. C. Maas
- Utrecht Regenerative Medicine Center, Circulatory Health Laboratory, University Utrecht, Experimental Cardiology Laboratory, Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3508 GA Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Floor W. van den Dolder
- Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Department of Physiology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, De Boelelaan 1108, 1081 HZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Qianliang Yuan
- Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Department of Physiology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, De Boelelaan 1108, 1081 HZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Jolanda van der Velden
- Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Department of Physiology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, De Boelelaan 1108, 1081 HZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Sean M. Wu
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine,Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Joost P. G. Sluijter
- Utrecht Regenerative Medicine Center, Circulatory Health Laboratory, University Utrecht, Experimental Cardiology Laboratory, Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3508 GA Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Jan W. Buikema
- Utrecht Regenerative Medicine Center, Circulatory Health Laboratory, University Utrecht, Experimental Cardiology Laboratory, Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3508 GA Utrecht, the Netherlands
- Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Department of Physiology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, De Boelelaan 1108, 1081 HZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Cardiology, Amsterdam Heart Center, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
52
|
Xio Y, Zhou L, Andl T, Zhang Y. YAP1 controls the N-cadherin-mediated tumor-stroma interaction in melanoma progression. RESEARCH SQUARE 2023:rs.3.rs-2944243. [PMID: 37546745 PMCID: PMC10402251 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-2944243/v3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is crucial for melanoma cells to escape keratinocyte control, invade underlying dermal tissues, and metastasize to distant organs. The hallmark of EMT is the switch from epithelial cadherin (E-cadherin) to neural cadherin (N-cadherin), allowing melanoma cells to form a homotypic N-cadherin-mediated adhesion with stromal fibroblasts. However, how "cadherin switching" is initiated, maintained, and regulated in melanoma remains unknown. Here, we show that upon Yes-associated protein 1 (YAP1) ablation in cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), the progression of a BRAF-mutant mouse melanoma was significantly suppressed in vivo, and overexpressing YAP1 in CAFs accelerated melanoma growth. CAFs require the YAP1 function to proliferate, migrate, remodel the cytoskeletal machinery and matrix, and promote cancer cell invasion. By RNA-Seq, N-cadherin was identified as a major downstream effector of YAP1 signaling in CAFs. YAP1 silencing led to N-cadherin downregulation in CAFs, which subsequently induced the downregulation of N-cadherin in neighboring melanoma cells. N-cadherin downregulation inhibited the PI3K-AKT signaling pathway in melanoma cells and suppressed melanoma growth in vivo, supporting the role of N-cadherin as an adhesive and signaling molecule in melanoma cells. This finding suggests that YAP1 depletion in CAFs induces the downregulation of p-AKT signaling in melanoma cells through the N-cadherin-mediated interaction between melanoma cells and CAFs. Importantly, our data underscore that CAFs can regulate N-cadherin-mediated interactions with melanoma cells. Thus, disentangling cadherin-mediated cell-cell interactions can potentially disrupt tumor-stroma interactions and reverse the tumor cell invasive phenotype.
Collapse
|
53
|
Quan Y, Hu M, Jiang J, Jin P, Fan J, Li M, Fan X, Gong Y, Yang Y, Wang Y. VGLL4 promotes vascular endothelium specification via TEAD1 in the vascular organoids and human pluripotent stem cells-derived endothelium model. Cell Mol Life Sci 2023; 80:215. [PMID: 37468661 PMCID: PMC11073225 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-023-04858-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We have shown that Hippo-YAP signaling pathway plays an important role in endothelial cell differentiation. Vestigial-like family member 4 (VGLL4) has been identified as a YAP inhibitor. However, the exact function of VGLL4 in vascular endothelial cell development remains unclear. In this study, we investigated the role of VGLL4, in human endothelial lineage specification both in 3D vascular organoid and 2D endothelial cell differentiation. METHODS AND RESULTS In this study, we found that VGLL4 was increased during 3D vascular organoids generation and directed differentiation of human embryonic stem cells H1 towards the endothelial lineage. Using inducible ectopic expression of VGLL4 based on the piggyBac system, we proved that overexpression of VGLL4 in H1 promoted vascular organoids generation and endothelial cells differentiation. In contrast, VGLL4 knockdown (heterozygous knockout) of H1 exhibited inhibitory effects. Using bioinformatics analysis and protein immunoprecipitation, we further found that VGLL4 binds to TEAD1 and facilitates the expression of endothelial master transcription factors, including FLI1, to promote endothelial lineage specification. Moreover, TEAD1 overexpression rescued VGLL4 knockdown-mediated negative effects. CONCLUSIONS In summary, VGLL4 promotes EC lineage specification both in 3D vascular organoid and 2D EC differentiation from pluripotent stem cell, VGLL4 interacts with TEAD1 and facilitates EC key transcription factor, including FLI1, to enhance EC lineage specification.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yingyi Quan
- Institute of Hypoxia Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, Zhejiang, China
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Offspring Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211116, Jiangsu, China
| | - Minjie Hu
- Institute of Hypoxia Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jiang Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Offspring Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211116, Jiangsu, China
| | - Peifeng Jin
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325015, Zhejiang, China
| | - Junming Fan
- Institute of Hypoxia Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ming Li
- Cardiac Regeneration Research Institute, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaofang Fan
- Institute of Hypoxia Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yongsheng Gong
- Institute of Hypoxia Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Offspring Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211116, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Yongyu Wang
- Institute of Hypoxia Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, Zhejiang, China.
- Cardiac Regeneration Research Institute, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, Zhejiang, China.
| |
Collapse
|
54
|
Zhang L, Zhang G, Lu Y, Gao J, Qin Z, Xu S, Wang Z, Xu Y, Yang Y, Zhang J, Tang J. Differential expression profiles of plasma exosomal microRNAs in dilated cardiomyopathy with chronic heart failure. J Cell Mol Med 2023. [PMID: 37243441 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.17789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Revised: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
As one of the most prevalent heritable cardiovascular diseases, dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) induces cardiac insufficiency and dysfunction. Although genetic mutation has been identified one of the causes of DCM, the usage of genetic biomarkers such as RNAs for DCM early diagnosis is still being overlooked. In addition, the alternation of RNAs could reflect the progression of the diseases, as an indicator for the prognosis of patients. Therefore, it is beneficial to develop genetic based diagnostic tool for DCM. RNAs are often unstable within circulatory system, leading to the infeasibility for clinical application. Recently discovered exosomal miRNAs have the stability that is then need for diagnostic purpose. Hence, fully understanding of the exosomal miRNA within DCM patients is vital for clinical translation. In this study, we employed the next generation sequencing based on the plasma exosomal miRNAs to comprehensively characterize the miRNAs expression in plasma exosomes from DCM patients exhibiting chronic heart failure (CHF) compared to healthy individuals. A complex landscape of differential miRNAs and target genes in DCM with CHF patients were identified. More importantly, we discovered that 92 differentially expressed miRNAs in DCM patients undergoing CHF were correlated with several enriched pathways, including oxytocin signalling pathway, circadian entrainment, hippo signalling pathway-multiple species, ras signalling pathway and morphine addiction. This study reveals the miRNA expression profiles in plasma exosomes in DCM patients with CHF, and further reveal their potential roles in the pathogenesis of it, presenting a new direction for clinical diagnosis and management of DCM patients with CHF.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Li Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Province Key Laboratory of Cardiac Injury and Repair, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Province Clinical Research Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Ge Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Province Key Laboratory of Cardiac Injury and Repair, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Province Clinical Research Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yongzheng Lu
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Province Key Laboratory of Cardiac Injury and Repair, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Province Clinical Research Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jiamin Gao
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Province Key Laboratory of Cardiac Injury and Repair, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Province Clinical Research Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhen Qin
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Province Key Laboratory of Cardiac Injury and Repair, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Province Clinical Research Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Shuai Xu
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Province Key Laboratory of Cardiac Injury and Repair, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Province Clinical Research Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zeyu Wang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Province Key Laboratory of Cardiac Injury and Repair, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Province Clinical Research Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yanyan Xu
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Province Key Laboratory of Cardiac Injury and Repair, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Province Clinical Research Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yu Yang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Province Key Laboratory of Cardiac Injury and Repair, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Province Clinical Research Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jinying Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Province Key Laboratory of Cardiac Injury and Repair, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Province Clinical Research Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Junnan Tang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Province Key Laboratory of Cardiac Injury and Repair, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Province Clinical Research Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhengzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
55
|
Lei YQ, Ye ZJ, Wei YL, Zhu LP, Zhuang XD, Wang XR, Cao H. Nono deficiency impedes the proliferation and adhesion of H9c2 cardiomyocytes through Pi3k/Akt signaling pathway. Sci Rep 2023; 13:7134. [PMID: 37130848 PMCID: PMC10154399 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-32572-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 05/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Congenital heart disease (CHD) is the most common type of birth defect and the main noninfectious cause of death during the neonatal stage. The non-POU domain containing, octamer-binding gene, NONO, performs a variety of roles involved in DNA repair, RNA synthesis, transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulation. Currently, hemizygous loss-of-function mutation of NONO have been described as the genetic origin of CHD. However, essential effects of NONO during cardiac development have not been fully elucidated. In this study, we aim to understand role of Nono in cardiomyocytes during development by utilizing the CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing system to deplete Nono in the rat cardiomyocytes H9c2. Functional comparison of H9c2 control and knockout cells showed that Nono deficiency suppressed cell proliferation and adhesion. Furthermore, Nono depletion significantly affected the mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) and glycolysis, resulting in H9c2 overall metabolic deficits. Mechanistically we demonstrated that the Nono knockout impeded the cardiomyocyte function by attenuating phosphatidyl inositol 3 kinase-serine/threonine kinase (Pi3k/Akt) signaling via the assay for transposase-accessible chromatin using sequencing in combination with RNA sequencing. From these results we propose a novel molecular mechanism of Nono to influence cardiomyocytes differentiation and proliferation during the development of embryonic heart. We conclude that NONO may represent an emerging possible biomarkers and targets for the diagnosis and treatment of human cardiac development defects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Qing Lei
- Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital, College of Clinical Medicine for Obstetrics and Gynecology and Pediatrics, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350000, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Technical Evaluation of Fertility Regulation for Non-Human Primate (Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital), Fuzhou, 350000, China
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Fujian Children's Hospital (Fujian Branch of Shanghai Children's Medical Center), College of Clinical Medicine for Obstetrics and Gynecology and Pediatrics, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350011, China
| | - Zhou-Jie Ye
- Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital, College of Clinical Medicine for Obstetrics and Gynecology and Pediatrics, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350000, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Technical Evaluation of Fertility Regulation for Non-Human Primate (Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital), Fuzhou, 350000, China
| | - Ya-Lan Wei
- Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital, College of Clinical Medicine for Obstetrics and Gynecology and Pediatrics, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350000, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Technical Evaluation of Fertility Regulation for Non-Human Primate (Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital), Fuzhou, 350000, China
| | - Li-Ping Zhu
- Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital, College of Clinical Medicine for Obstetrics and Gynecology and Pediatrics, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350000, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Technical Evaluation of Fertility Regulation for Non-Human Primate (Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital), Fuzhou, 350000, China
| | - Xu-Dong Zhuang
- Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital, College of Clinical Medicine for Obstetrics and Gynecology and Pediatrics, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350000, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Technical Evaluation of Fertility Regulation for Non-Human Primate (Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital), Fuzhou, 350000, China
| | - Xin-Rui Wang
- Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital, College of Clinical Medicine for Obstetrics and Gynecology and Pediatrics, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350000, China.
- NHC Key Laboratory of Technical Evaluation of Fertility Regulation for Non-Human Primate (Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital), Fuzhou, 350000, China.
| | - Hua Cao
- Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital, College of Clinical Medicine for Obstetrics and Gynecology and Pediatrics, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350000, China.
- NHC Key Laboratory of Technical Evaluation of Fertility Regulation for Non-Human Primate (Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital), Fuzhou, 350000, China.
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Fujian Children's Hospital (Fujian Branch of Shanghai Children's Medical Center), College of Clinical Medicine for Obstetrics and Gynecology and Pediatrics, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350011, China.
| |
Collapse
|
56
|
Choi S, Hong SP, Bae JH, Suh SH, Bae H, Kang KP, Lee HJ, Koh GY. Hyperactivation of YAP/TAZ Drives Alterations in Mesangial Cells through Stabilization of N-Myc in Diabetic Nephropathy. J Am Soc Nephrol 2023; 34:809-828. [PMID: 36724799 PMCID: PMC10125647 DOI: 10.1681/asn.0000000000000075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Mesangial cells (MCs) in the kidney are essential to maintaining glomerular integrity, and their impairment leads to major glomerular diseases including diabetic nephropathy (DN). Although high blood glucose elicits abnormal alterations in MCs, the underlying mechanism is poorly understood. We show that YAP/TAZ are increased in MCs of patients with DN and two animal models of DN. High glucose directly induces activation of YAP/TAZ through the canonical Hippo pathway in cultured MCs. Hyperactivation of YAP/TAZ in mouse MCs recapitulates the hallmarks of DN. Activated YAP/TAZ bind and stabilize N-Myc, one of the Myc family. N-Myc stabilization leads to aberrant enhancement of its transcriptional activity and to MC impairments. Our findings shed light on how high blood glucose in diabetes mellitus leads to DN and support a rationale that lowering blood glucose in diabetes mellitus could delay DN pathogenesis. BACKGROUND Mesangial cells (MCs) in the kidney are central to maintaining glomerular integrity, and their impairment leads to major glomerular diseases, including diabetic nephropathy (DN). Although high blood glucose elicits abnormal alterations in MCs, the underlying molecular mechanism is poorly understood. METHODS Immunolocalization of YAP/TAZ and pathological features of PDGFRβ + MCs were analyzed in the glomeruli of patients with DN, in Zucker diabetic fatty rats, and in Lats1/2i ΔPβ mice. RiboTag bulk-RNA sequencing and transcriptomic analysis of gene expression profiles of the isolated MCs from control and Lats1/2iΔPβ mice were performed. Immunoprecipitation analysis and protein stability of N-Myc were performed by the standard protocols. RESULTS YAP and TAZ, the final effectors of the Hippo pathway, are highly increased in MCs of patients with DN and in Zucker diabetic fatty rats. Moreover, high glucose directly induces activation of YAP/TAZ through the canonical Hippo pathway in cultured MCs. Hyperactivation of YAP/TAZ in mouse model MCs recapitulates the hallmarks of DN, including excessive proliferation of MCs and extracellular matrix deposition, endothelial cell impairment, glomerular sclerosis, albuminuria, and reduced glomerular filtration rate. Mechanistically, activated YAP/TAZ bind and stabilize N-Myc protein, one of the Myc family of oncogenes. N-Myc stabilization leads to aberrant enhancement of its transcriptional activity and eventually to MC impairments and DN pathogenesis. CONCLUSIONS Our findings shed light on how high blood glucose in diabetes mellitus leads to DN and support a rationale that lowering blood glucose in diabetes mellitus could delay DN pathogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Seunghyeok Choi
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Seon Pyo Hong
- Center for Vascular Research, Institute for Basic Science, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Hyun Bae
- Center for Vascular Research, Institute for Basic Science, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Heon Suh
- Center for Vascular Research, Institute for Basic Science, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hosung Bae
- Center for Vascular Research, Institute for Basic Science, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung Pyo Kang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Research Institute of Clinical Medicine, Jeonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
- Biomedical Research Institute, Jeonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyuek Jong Lee
- Center for Vascular Research, Institute for Basic Science, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Gou Young Koh
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- Center for Vascular Research, Institute for Basic Science, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
57
|
Liu C, Shen M, Tan WLW, Chen IY, Liu Y, Yu X, Yang H, Zhang A, Liu Y, Zhao MT, Ameen M, Zhang M, Gross ER, Qi LS, Sayed N, Wu JC. Statins improve endothelial function via suppression of epigenetic-driven EndMT. NATURE CARDIOVASCULAR RESEARCH 2023; 2:467-485. [PMID: 37693816 PMCID: PMC10489108 DOI: 10.1038/s44161-023-00267-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
The pleiotropic benefits of statins in cardiovascular diseases that are independent of their lipid-lowering effects have been well documented, but the underlying mechanisms remain elusive. Here we show that simvastatin significantly improves human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived endothelial cell functions in both baseline and diabetic conditions by reducing chromatin accessibility at transcriptional enhanced associate domain elements and ultimately at endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EndMT)-regulating genes in a yes-associated protein (YAP)-dependent manner. Inhibition of geranylgeranyltransferase (GGTase) I, a mevalonate pathway intermediate, repressed YAP nuclear translocation and YAP activity via RhoA signaling antagonism. We further identified a previously undescribed SOX9 enhancer downstream of statin-YAP signaling that promotes the EndMT process. Thus, inhibition of any component of the GGTase-RhoA-YAP-SRY box transcription factor 9 (SOX9) signaling axis was shown to rescue EndMT-associated endothelial dysfunction both in vitro and in vivo, especially under diabetic conditions. Overall, our study reveals an epigenetic modulatory role for simvastatin in repressing EndMT to confer protection against endothelial dysfunction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chun Liu
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Medicine (Division of Cardiology), Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- These authors contributed equally: Chun Liu, Mengcheng Shen, Wilson L. W. Tan
| | - Mengcheng Shen
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Medicine (Division of Cardiology), Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- These authors contributed equally: Chun Liu, Mengcheng Shen, Wilson L. W. Tan
| | - Wilson L. W. Tan
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Medicine (Division of Cardiology), Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- These authors contributed equally: Chun Liu, Mengcheng Shen, Wilson L. W. Tan
| | - Ian Y. Chen
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Medicine (Division of Cardiology), Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Medical Service (Cardiology Section), Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Yu Liu
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Medicine (Division of Cardiology), Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Xuan Yu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Huaxiao Yang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, USA
| | - Angela Zhang
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Medicine (Division of Cardiology), Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Greenstone Biosciences, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Yanxia Liu
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Ming-Tao Zhao
- Center for Cardiovascular Research, Abigail Wexner Research Institute, Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Mohamed Ameen
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Medicine (Division of Cardiology), Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Mao Zhang
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Medicine (Division of Cardiology), Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Eric R. Gross
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Lei S. Qi
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Sarafan ChEM-H, Standford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub–San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Nazish Sayed
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Standford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Joseph C. Wu
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Medicine (Division of Cardiology), Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Greenstone Biosciences, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
58
|
Meliambro K, Yang Y, de Cos M, Rodriguez Ballestas E, Malkin C, Haydak J, Lee JR, Salem F, Mariani LH, Gordon RE, Basgen JM, Wen HH, Fu J, Azeloglu EU, He JC, Wong JS, Campbell KN. KIBRA upregulation increases susceptibility to podocyte injury and glomerular disease progression. JCI Insight 2023; 8:e165002. [PMID: 36853804 PMCID: PMC10132156 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.165002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite recent progress in the identification of mediators of podocyte injury, mechanisms underlying podocyte loss remain poorly understood, and cell-specific therapy is lacking. We previously reported that kidney and brain expressed protein (KIBRA), encoded by WWC1, promotes podocyte injury in vitro through activation of the Hippo signaling pathway. KIBRA expression is increased in the glomeruli of patients with focal segmental glomerulosclerosis, and KIBRA depletion in vivo is protective against acute podocyte injury. Here, we tested the consequences of transgenic podocyte-specific WWC1 expression in immortalized human podocytes and in mice, and we explored the association between glomerular WWC1 expression and glomerular disease progression. We found that KIBRA overexpression in immortalized human podocytes promoted cytoplasmic localization of Yes-associated protein (YAP), induced actin cytoskeletal reorganization, and altered focal adhesion expression and morphology. WWC1-transgenic (KIBRA-overexpressing) mice were more susceptible to acute and chronic glomerular injury, with evidence of YAP inhibition in vivo. Of clinical relevance, glomerular WWC1 expression negatively correlated with renal survival among patients with primary glomerular diseases. These findings highlight the importance of KIBRA/YAP signaling to the regulation of podocyte structural integrity and identify KIBRA-mediated injury as a potential target for podocyte-specific therapy in glomerular disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kristin Meliambro
- Division of Nephrology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Yanfeng Yang
- Division of Nephrology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Marina de Cos
- Division of Nephrology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | | | - Caroline Malkin
- Division of Nephrology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Jonathan Haydak
- Division of Nephrology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - John R. Lee
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Fadi Salem
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida, USA
| | - Laura H. Mariani
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Ronald E. Gordon
- Department of Pathology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - John M. Basgen
- Stereology and Morphometry Laboratory, Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Huei Hsun Wen
- Division of Nephrology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Jia Fu
- Division of Nephrology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Evren U. Azeloglu
- Division of Nephrology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - John Cijiang He
- Division of Nephrology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Jenny S. Wong
- Division of Nephrology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Kirk N. Campbell
- Division of Nephrology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| |
Collapse
|
59
|
Secco I, Giacca M. Regulation of endogenous cardiomyocyte proliferation: The known unknowns. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2023; 179:80-89. [PMID: 37030487 PMCID: PMC10390341 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2023.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2023] [Revised: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 04/10/2023]
Abstract
Myocardial regeneration in patients with cardiac damage is a long-sought goal of clinical medicine. In animal species in which regeneration occurs spontaneously, as well as in neonatal mammals, regeneration occurs through the proliferation of differentiated cardiomyocytes, which re-enter the cell cycle and proliferate. Hence, the reprogramming of the replicative potential of cardiomyocytes is an achievable goal, provided that the mechanisms that regulate this process are understood. Cardiomyocyte proliferation is under the control of a series of signal transduction pathways that connect extracellular cues to the activation of specific gene transcriptional programmes, eventually leading to the activation of the cell cycle. Both coding and non-coding RNAs (in particular, microRNAs) are involved in this regulation. The available information can be exploited for therapeutic purposes, provided that a series of conceptual and technical barriers are overcome. A major obstacle remains the delivery of pro-regenerative factors specifically to the heart. Improvements in the design of AAV vectors to enhance their cardiotropism and efficacy or, alternatively, the development of non-viral methods for nucleic acid delivery in cardiomyocytes are among the challenges ahead to progress cardiac regenerative therapies towards clinical application.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria Secco
- School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine & Sciences and British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Mauro Giacca
- School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine & Sciences and British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, King's College London, London, United Kingdom.
| |
Collapse
|
60
|
Mehdipour M, Park S, Huang GN. Unlocking cardiomyocyte renewal potential for myocardial regeneration therapy. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2023; 177:9-20. [PMID: 36801396 PMCID: PMC10699255 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2023.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Revised: 01/28/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease remains the leading cause of mortality worldwide. Cardiomyocytes are irreversibly lost due to cardiac ischemia secondary to disease. This leads to increased cardiac fibrosis, poor contractility, cardiac hypertrophy, and subsequent life-threatening heart failure. Adult mammalian hearts exhibit notoriously low regenerative potential, further compounding the calamities described above. Neonatal mammalian hearts, on the other hand, display robust regenerative capacities. Lower vertebrates such as zebrafish and salamanders retain the ability to replenish lost cardiomyocytes throughout life. It is critical to understand the varying mechanisms that are responsible for these differences in cardiac regeneration across phylogeny and ontogeny. Adult mammalian cardiomyocyte cell cycle arrest and polyploidization have been proposed as major barriers to heart regeneration. Here we review current models about why adult mammalian cardiac regenerative potential is lost including changes in environmental oxygen levels, acquisition of endothermy, complex immune system development, and possible cancer risk tradeoffs. We also discuss recent progress and highlight conflicting reports pertaining to extrinsic and intrinsic signaling pathways that control cardiomyocyte proliferation and polyploidization in growth and regeneration. Uncovering the physiological brakes of cardiac regeneration could illuminate novel molecular targets and offer promising therapeutic strategies to treat heart failure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Melod Mehdipour
- Cardiovascular Research Institute and Department of Physiology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Eli and Edythe Broad Center for Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Bakar Aging Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Sangsoon Park
- Cardiovascular Research Institute and Department of Physiology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Eli and Edythe Broad Center for Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Bakar Aging Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Guo N Huang
- Cardiovascular Research Institute and Department of Physiology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Eli and Edythe Broad Center for Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Bakar Aging Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
61
|
Yagi H, Lo CW. Left-Sided Heart Defects and Laterality Disturbance in Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome. J Cardiovasc Dev Dis 2023; 10:jcdd10030099. [PMID: 36975863 PMCID: PMC10054755 DOI: 10.3390/jcdd10030099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypoplastic left heart syndrome (HLHS) is a complex congenital heart disease characterized by hypoplasia of left-sided heart structures. The developmental basis for restriction of defects to the left side of the heart in HLHS remains unexplained. The observed clinical co-occurrence of rare organ situs defects such as biliary atresia, gut malrotation, or heterotaxy with HLHS would suggest possible laterality disturbance. Consistent with this, pathogenic variants in genes regulating left-right patterning have been observed in HLHS patients. Additionally, Ohia HLHS mutant mice show splenic defects, a phenotype associated with heterotaxy, and HLHS in Ohia mice arises in part from mutation in Sap130, a component of the Sin3A chromatin complex known to regulate Lefty1 and Snai1, genes essential for left-right patterning. Together, these findings point to laterality disturbance mediating the left-sided heart defects associated with HLHS. As laterality disturbance is also observed for other CHD, this suggests that heart development integration with left-right patterning may help to establish the left-right asymmetry of the cardiovascular system essential for efficient blood oxygenation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hisato Yagi
- Department of Developmental Biology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15201, USA
| | - Cecilia W Lo
- Department of Developmental Biology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15201, USA
| |
Collapse
|
62
|
Maejima Y, Zablocki D, Nah J, Sadoshima J. The role of the Hippo pathway in autophagy in the heart. Cardiovasc Res 2023; 118:3320-3330. [PMID: 35150237 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvac014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The Hippo pathway, an evolutionarily conserved signalling mechanism, controls organ size and tumourigenesis. Increasing lines of evidence suggest that autophagy, an important mechanism of lysosome-mediated cellular degradation, is regulated by the Hippo pathway, which thereby profoundly affects cell growth and death responses in various cell types. In the heart, Mst1, an upstream component of the Hippo pathway, not only induces apoptosis but also inhibits autophagy through phosphorylation of Beclin 1. YAP/TAZ, transcription factor co-factors and the terminal effectors of the Hippo pathway, affect autophagy through transcriptional activation of TFEB, a master regulator of autophagy and lysosomal biogenesis. The cellular abundance of YAP is negatively regulated by autophagy and suppression of autophagy induces accumulation of YAP, which, in turn, acts as a feedback mechanism to induce autophagosome formation. Thus, the Hippo pathway and autophagy regulate each other, thereby profoundly affecting cardiomyocyte survival and death. This review discusses the interaction between the Hippo pathway and autophagy and its functional significance during stress conditions in the heart and the cardiomyocytes therein.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yasuhiro Maejima
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Rutgers-New Jersey Medical School, 185 South Orange Ave., MSB G-609, Newark, NJ 07103, USA.,Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan
| | - Daniela Zablocki
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Rutgers-New Jersey Medical School, 185 South Orange Ave., MSB G-609, Newark, NJ 07103, USA
| | - Jihoon Nah
- School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Junichi Sadoshima
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Rutgers-New Jersey Medical School, 185 South Orange Ave., MSB G-609, Newark, NJ 07103, USA
| |
Collapse
|
63
|
Genome Editing and Cardiac Regeneration. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2023; 1396:37-52. [DOI: 10.1007/978-981-19-5642-3_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
|
64
|
Erhardt S, Wang J. Cardiac Neural Crest and Cardiac Regeneration. Cells 2022; 12:cells12010111. [PMID: 36611905 PMCID: PMC9818523 DOI: 10.3390/cells12010111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Neural crest cells (NCCs) are a vertebrate-specific, multipotent stem cell population that have the ability to migrate and differentiate into various cell populations throughout the embryo during embryogenesis. The heart is a muscular and complex organ whose primary function is to pump blood and nutrients throughout the body. Mammalian hearts, such as those of humans, lose their regenerative ability shortly after birth. However, a few vertebrate species, such as zebrafish, have the ability to self-repair/regenerate after cardiac damage. Recent research has discovered the potential functional ability and contribution of cardiac NCCs to cardiac regeneration through the use of various vertebrate species and pluripotent stem cell-derived NCCs. Here, we review the neural crest's regenerative capacity in various tissues and organs, and in particular, we summarize the characteristics of cardiac NCCs between species and their roles in cardiac regeneration. We further discuss emerging and future work to determine the potential contributions of NCCs for disease treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shannon Erhardt
- Department of Pediatrics, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Houston Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Texas, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Jun Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Houston Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Texas, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
65
|
Zheng M, Li RG, Song J, Zhao X, Tang L, Erhardt S, Chen W, Nguyen BH, Li X, Li M, Wang J, Evans SM, Christoffels VM, Li N, Wang J. Hippo-Yap Signaling Maintains Sinoatrial Node Homeostasis. Circulation 2022; 146:1694-1711. [PMID: 36317529 PMCID: PMC9897204 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.121.058777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The sinoatrial node (SAN) functions as the pacemaker of the heart, initiating rhythmic heartbeats. Despite its importance, the SAN is one of the most poorly understood cardiac entities because of its small size and complex composition and function. The Hippo signaling pathway is a molecular signaling pathway fundamental to heart development and regeneration. Although abnormalities of the Hippo pathway are associated with cardiac arrhythmias in human patients, the role of this pathway in the SAN is unknown. METHODS We investigated key regulators of the Hippo pathway in SAN pacemaker cells by conditionally inactivating the Hippo signaling kinases Lats1 and Lats2 using the tamoxifen-inducible, cardiac conduction system-specific Cre driver Hcn4CreERT2 with Lats1 and Lats2 conditional knockout alleles. In addition, the Hippo-signaling effectors Yap and Taz were conditionally inactivated in the SAN. To determine the function of Hippo signaling in the SAN and other cardiac conduction system components, we conducted a series of physiological and molecular experiments, including telemetry ECG recording, echocardiography, Masson Trichrome staining, calcium imaging, immunostaining, RNAscope, cleavage under targets and tagmentation sequencing using antibodies against Yap1 or H3K4me3, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, and Western blotting. We also performed comprehensive bioinformatics analyses of various datasets. RESULTS We found that Lats1/2 inactivation caused severe sinus node dysfunction. Compared with the controls, Lats1/2 conditional knockout mutants exhibited dysregulated calcium handling and increased fibrosis in the SAN, indicating that Lats1/2 function through both cell-autonomous and non-cell-autonomous mechanisms. It is notable that the Lats1/2 conditional knockout phenotype was rescued by genetic deletion of Yap and Taz in the cardiac conduction system. These rescued mice had normal sinus rhythm and reduced fibrosis of the SAN, indicating that Lats1/2 function through Yap and Taz. Cleavage Under Targets and Tagmentation sequencing data showed that Yap potentially regulates genes critical for calcium homeostasis such as Ryr2 and genes encoding paracrine factors important in intercellular communication and fibrosis induction such as Tgfb1 and Tgfb3. Consistent with this, Lats1/2 conditional knockout mutants had decreased Ryr2 expression and increased Tgfb1 and Tgfb3 expression compared with control mice. CONCLUSIONS We reveal, for the first time to our knowledge, that the canonical Hippo-Yap pathway plays a pivotal role in maintaining SAN homeostasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mingjie Zheng
- Department of Pediatrics, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (M.Z., X.Z., S.E., W.C., Jun Wang)
| | - Rich G Li
- Texas Heart Institute, Houston (R.G.L., X.L.)
| | - Jia Song
- Department of Medicine (Section of Cardiovascular Research), Cardiovascular Research Institute, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX (J.S., N.L.)
| | - Xiaolei Zhao
- Department of Pediatrics, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (M.Z., X.Z., S.E., W.C., Jun Wang)
| | - Li Tang
- Hunan Provincial Key Lab on Bioinformatics, School of Computer Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China (L.T., M.L., Jianxin Wang)
| | - Shannon Erhardt
- Department of Pediatrics, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (M.Z., X.Z., S.E., W.C., Jun Wang)
- MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Texas, Houston (S.E., Jun Wang)
| | - Wen Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (M.Z., X.Z., S.E., W.C., Jun Wang)
| | - Bao H Nguyen
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics (B.H.N.)
| | - Xiao Li
- Texas Heart Institute, Houston (R.G.L., X.L.)
| | - Min Li
- Hunan Provincial Key Lab on Bioinformatics, School of Computer Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China (L.T., M.L., Jianxin Wang)
| | - Jianxin Wang
- Hunan Provincial Key Lab on Bioinformatics, School of Computer Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China (L.T., M.L., Jianxin Wang)
| | - Sylvia M Evans
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Departments of Pharmacology and Medicine, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla (S.M.E.)
| | - Vincent M Christoffels
- Medical Biology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands (V.M.C.)
| | - Na Li
- Department of Medicine (Section of Cardiovascular Research), Cardiovascular Research Institute, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX (J.S., N.L.)
| | - Jun Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (M.Z., X.Z., S.E., W.C., Jun Wang)
- MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Texas, Houston (S.E., Jun Wang)
| |
Collapse
|
66
|
Clark KL, George JW, Przygrodzka E, Plewes MR, Hua G, Wang C, Davis JS. Hippo Signaling in the Ovary: Emerging Roles in Development, Fertility, and Disease. Endocr Rev 2022; 43:1074-1096. [PMID: 35596657 PMCID: PMC9695108 DOI: 10.1210/endrev/bnac013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Emerging studies indicate that the Hippo pathway, a highly conserved pathway that regulates organ size control, plays an important role in governing ovarian physiology, fertility, and pathology. Specific to the ovary, the spatiotemporal expression of the major components of the Hippo signaling cascade are observed throughout the reproductive lifespan. Observations from multiple species begin to elucidate the functional diversity and molecular mechanisms of Hippo signaling in the ovary in addition to the identification of interactions with other signaling pathways and responses to various external stimuli. Hippo pathway components play important roles in follicle growth and activation, as well as steroidogenesis, by regulating several key biological processes through mechanisms of cell proliferation, migration, differentiation, and cell fate determination. Given the importance of these processes, dysregulation of the Hippo pathway contributes to loss of follicular homeostasis and reproductive disorders such as polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), premature ovarian insufficiency, and ovarian cancers. This review highlights what is currently known about the Hippo pathway core components in ovarian physiology, including ovarian development, follicle development, and oocyte maturation, while identifying areas for future research to better understand Hippo signaling as a multifunctional pathway in reproductive health and biology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kendra L Clark
- Olson Center for Women’s Health, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
- Veterans Affairs Nebraska Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, NE 68105, USA
| | - Jitu W George
- Olson Center for Women’s Health, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
- Veterans Affairs Nebraska Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, NE 68105, USA
| | - Emilia Przygrodzka
- Olson Center for Women’s Health, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
- Veterans Affairs Nebraska Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, NE 68105, USA
| | - Michele R Plewes
- Olson Center for Women’s Health, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
- Veterans Affairs Nebraska Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, NE 68105, USA
| | - Guohua Hua
- Key Lab of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science & Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Cheng Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - John S Davis
- Olson Center for Women’s Health, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
- Veterans Affairs Nebraska Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, NE 68105, USA
| |
Collapse
|
67
|
Kowalczyk W, Romanelli L, Atkins M, Hillen H, Bravo González-Blas C, Jacobs J, Xie J, Soheily S, Verboven E, Moya IM, Verhulst S, de Waegeneer M, Sansores-Garcia L, van Huffel L, Johnson RL, van Grunsven LA, Aerts S, Halder G. Hippo signaling instructs ectopic but not normal organ growth. Science 2022; 378:eabg3679. [DOI: 10.1126/science.abg3679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The Hippo signaling pathway is widely considered a master regulator of organ growth because of the prominent overgrowth phenotypes caused by experimental manipulation of its activity. Contrary to this model, we show here that removing Hippo transcriptional output did not impair the ability of the mouse liver and
Drosophila
eyes to grow to their normal size. Moreover, the transcriptional activity of the Hippo pathway effectors Yap/Taz/Yki did not correlate with cell proliferation, and hyperactivation of these effectors induced gene expression programs that did not recapitulate normal development. Concordantly, a functional screen in
Drosophila
identified several Hippo pathway target genes that were required for ectopic overgrowth but not normal growth. Thus, Hippo signaling does not instruct normal growth, and the Hippo-induced overgrowth phenotypes are caused by the activation of abnormal genetic programs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- W. Kowalczyk
- VIB Center for Cancer Biology and KU Leuven Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - L. Romanelli
- VIB Center for Cancer Biology and KU Leuven Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - M. Atkins
- VIB Center for Cancer Biology and KU Leuven Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sam Houston State University, Huntsville, TX, USA
| | - H. Hillen
- VIB Center for Cancer Biology and KU Leuven Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - C. Bravo González-Blas
- VIB Center for Brain and Disease Research and KU Leuven Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - J. Jacobs
- VIB Center for Brain and Disease Research and KU Leuven Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - J. Xie
- VIB Center for Cancer Biology and KU Leuven Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - S. Soheily
- VIB Center for Cancer Biology and KU Leuven Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - E. Verboven
- VIB Center for Cancer Biology and KU Leuven Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - I. M. Moya
- VIB Center for Cancer Biology and KU Leuven Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Facultad de Ingeniería y Ciencias Aplicadas, Universidad de Las Américas, Quito, Ecuador
| | - S. Verhulst
- Department for Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussel-Jette, Belgium
| | - M. de Waegeneer
- VIB Center for Brain and Disease Research and KU Leuven Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - L. Sansores-Garcia
- VIB Center for Cancer Biology and KU Leuven Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - L. van Huffel
- VIB Center for Cancer Biology and KU Leuven Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - R. L. Johnson
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - L. A. van Grunsven
- Department for Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussel-Jette, Belgium
| | - S. Aerts
- VIB Center for Brain and Disease Research and KU Leuven Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - G. Halder
- VIB Center for Cancer Biology and KU Leuven Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
68
|
Signaling Pathways in Inflammation and Cardiovascular Diseases: An Update of Therapeutic Strategies. IMMUNO 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/immuno2040039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory processes represent a pivotal element in the development and complications of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Targeting these processes can lead to the alleviation of cardiomyocyte (CM) injury and the increase of reparative mechanisms. Loss of CMs from inflammation-associated cardiac diseases often results in heart failure (HF). Evidence of the crosstalk between nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB), Hippo, and mechanistic/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) has been reported in manifold immune responses and cardiac pathologies. Since these signaling cascades regulate a broad array of biological tasks in diverse cell types, their misregulation is responsible for the pathogenesis of many cardiac and vascular disorders, including cardiomyopathies and atherosclerosis. In response to a myriad of proinflammatory cytokines, which induce reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, several molecular mechanisms are activated within the heart to inaugurate the structural remodeling of the organ. This review provides a global landscape of intricate protein–protein interaction (PPI) networks between key constituents of NF-κB, Hippo, and mTOR signaling pathways as quintessential targetable candidates for the therapy of cardiovascular and inflammation-related diseases.
Collapse
|
69
|
Fu M, Hu Y, Lan T, Guan KL, Luo T, Luo M. The Hippo signalling pathway and its implications in human health and diseases. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2022; 7:376. [PMID: 36347846 PMCID: PMC9643504 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-022-01191-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 261] [Impact Index Per Article: 87.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Revised: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
As an evolutionarily conserved signalling network, the Hippo pathway plays a crucial role in the regulation of numerous biological processes. Thus, substantial efforts have been made to understand the upstream signals that influence the activity of the Hippo pathway, as well as its physiological functions, such as cell proliferation and differentiation, organ growth, embryogenesis, and tissue regeneration/wound healing. However, dysregulation of the Hippo pathway can cause a variety of diseases, including cancer, eye diseases, cardiac diseases, pulmonary diseases, renal diseases, hepatic diseases, and immune dysfunction. Therefore, therapeutic strategies that target dysregulated Hippo components might be promising approaches for the treatment of a wide spectrum of diseases. Here, we review the key components and upstream signals of the Hippo pathway, as well as the critical physiological functions controlled by the Hippo pathway. Additionally, diseases associated with alterations in the Hippo pathway and potential therapies targeting Hippo components will be discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Minyang Fu
- Breast Disease Center, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 17, South of Renmin Road, 610041, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuan Hu
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology Nursing, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Ministry of Education, West China Second Hospital, Sichuan University, 610041, Chengdu, China
| | - Tianxia Lan
- Breast Disease Center, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 17, South of Renmin Road, 610041, Chengdu, China
| | - Kun-Liang Guan
- Department of Pharmacology and Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Ting Luo
- Breast Disease Center, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 17, South of Renmin Road, 610041, Chengdu, China.
| | - Min Luo
- Breast Disease Center, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 17, South of Renmin Road, 610041, Chengdu, China.
| |
Collapse
|
70
|
Torregrosa C, Chorin F, Beltran EEM, Neuzillet C, Cardot-Ruffino V. Physical Activity as the Best Supportive Care in Cancer: The Clinician's and the Researcher's Perspectives. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:5402. [PMID: 36358820 PMCID: PMC9655932 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14215402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Revised: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 08/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Multidisciplinary supportive care, integrating the dimensions of exercise alongside oncological treatments, is now regarded as a new paradigm to improve patient survival and quality of life. Its impact is important on the factors that control tumor development, such as the immune system, inflammation, tissue perfusion, hypoxia, insulin resistance, metabolism, glucocorticoid levels, and cachexia. An increasing amount of research has been published in the last years on the effects of physical activity within the framework of oncology, marking the appearance of a new medical field, commonly known as "exercise oncology". This emerging research field is trying to determine the biological mechanisms by which, aerobic exercise affects the incidence of cancer, the progression and/or the appearance of metastases. We propose an overview of the current state of the art physical exercise interventions in the management of cancer patients, including a pragmatic perspective with tips for routine practice. We then develop the emerging mechanistic views about physical exercise and their potential clinical applications. Moving toward a more personalized, integrated, patient-centered, and multidisciplinary management, by trying to understand the different interactions between the cancer and the host, as well as the impact of the disease and the treatments on the different organs, this seems to be the most promising method to improve the care of cancer patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cécile Torregrosa
- Oncologie Digestive, Département d’Oncologie Médicale Institut Curie, Université Versailles Saint-Quentin—Université Paris Saclay, 35, rue Dailly, 92210 Saint-Cloud, France
- Département de Chirurgie Digestive et Oncologique, Hôpital Universitaire Ambroise Paré, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, 9 avenue Charles de Gaulle, 92100 Boulogne Billancourt, France
| | - Frédéric Chorin
- Laboratoire Motricité Humaine, Expertise, Sport, Santé (LAMHESS), HEALTHY Graduate School, Université Côte d’Azur, 06205 Nice, France
- Clinique Gériatrique du Cerveau et du Mouvement, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice, Université Côte d’Azur, 06205 Nice, France
| | - Eva Ester Molina Beltran
- Oncologie Digestive, Département d’Oncologie Médicale Institut Curie, Université Versailles Saint-Quentin—Université Paris Saclay, 35, rue Dailly, 92210 Saint-Cloud, France
| | - Cindy Neuzillet
- Oncologie Digestive, Département d’Oncologie Médicale Institut Curie, Université Versailles Saint-Quentin—Université Paris Saclay, 35, rue Dailly, 92210 Saint-Cloud, France
- GERCOR, 151 rue du Faubourg Saint-Antoine, 75011 Paris, France
| | - Victoire Cardot-Ruffino
- Department of Cancer Immunology and Virology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Department of Immunology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| |
Collapse
|
71
|
Ding S, Zhang X, Qiu H, Wo J, Zhang F, Na J. Non-cardiomyocytes in the heart in embryo development, health, and disease, a single-cell perspective. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:873264. [PMID: 36393852 PMCID: PMC9661523 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.873264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent single-cell atlases of the heart gave unprecedented details about the diversity of cell types and states during heart development in health and disease conditions. Beyond a profiling tool, researchers also use single-cell analyses to dissect the mechanism of diseases in animal models. The new knowledge from these studies revealed that beating cardiomyocytes account for less than 50% of the total heart cell population. In contrast, non-cardiomyocytes (NCMs), such as cardiac fibroblasts, endothelial cells, and immune cells, make up the remaining proportion and have indispensable roles in structural support, homeostasis maintenance, and injury repair of the heart. In this review, we categorize the composition and characteristics of NCMs from the latest single-cell studies of the heart in various contexts and compare the findings from both human samples and mouse models. This information will enrich our understanding of the cellular basis of heart development and diseases and provide insights into the potential therapeutic targets in NCMs to repair the heart.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shuangyuan Ding
- School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
- Center for Life Sciences, Tsinghua University and Peking University, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Shuangyuan Ding, ; Jie Na,
| | - Xingwu Zhang
- School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Hui Qiu
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Jiaoyang Wo
- Center for Life Sciences, Tsinghua University and Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Fengzhi Zhang
- Central Laboratory, First Hospital of Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Na
- School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Shuangyuan Ding, ; Jie Na,
| |
Collapse
|
72
|
Zhao X, Tang L, Le TP, Nguyen BH, Chen W, Zheng M, Yamaguchi H, Dawson B, You S, Martinez-Traverso IM, Erhardt S, Wang J, Li M, Martin JF, Lee BH, Komatsu Y, Wang J. Yap and Taz promote osteogenesis and prevent chondrogenesis in neural crest cells in vitro and in vivo. Sci Signal 2022; 15:eabn9009. [PMID: 36282910 PMCID: PMC9938793 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.abn9009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Neural crest cells (NCCs) are multipotent stem cells that can differentiate into multiple cell types, including the osteoblasts and chondrocytes, and constitute most of the craniofacial skeleton. Here, we show through in vitro and in vivo studies that the transcriptional regulators Yap and Taz have redundant functions as key determinants of the specification and differentiation of NCCs into osteoblasts or chondrocytes. Primary and cultured NCCs deficient in Yap and Taz switched from osteogenesis to chondrogenesis, and NCC-specific deficiency for Yap and Taz resulted in bone loss and ectopic cartilage in mice. Yap bound to the regulatory elements of key genes that govern osteogenesis and chondrogenesis in NCCs and directly regulated the expression of these genes, some of which also contained binding sites for the TCF/LEF transcription factors that interact with the Wnt effector β-catenin. During differentiation of NCCs in vitro and NCC-derived osteogenesis in vivo, Yap and Taz promoted the expression of osteogenic genes such as Runx2 and Sp7 but repressed the expression of chondrogenic genes such as Sox9 and Col2a1. Furthermore, Yap and Taz interacted with β-catenin in NCCs to coordinately promote osteoblast differentiation and repress chondrogenesis. Together, our data indicate that Yap and Taz promote osteogenesis in NCCs and prevent chondrogenesis, partly through interactions with the Wnt-β-catenin pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolei Zhao
- Department of Pediatrics, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Li Tang
- Hunan Provincial Key Lab on Bioinformatics, School of Computer Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410083, China
| | - Tram P. Le
- Department of Pediatrics, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Bao H. Nguyen
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, Texas 77030, US
| | - Wen Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Mingjie Zheng
- Department of Pediatrics, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Hiroyuki Yamaguchi
- Department of Pediatrics, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Brian Dawson
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Shuangjie You
- Department of Pediatrics, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
- MD Anderson Cancer Center and UT Health Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Texas, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Idaliz M. Martinez-Traverso
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, Texas 77030, US
| | - Shannon Erhardt
- Department of Pediatrics, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
- MD Anderson Cancer Center and UT Health Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Texas, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Jianxin Wang
- Hunan Provincial Key Lab on Bioinformatics, School of Computer Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410083, China
| | - Min Li
- Hunan Provincial Key Lab on Bioinformatics, School of Computer Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410083, China
| | - James F. Martin
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, Texas 77030, US
- Texas Heart Institute, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Brendan H. Lee
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Yoshihiro Komatsu
- Department of Pediatrics, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
- MD Anderson Cancer Center and UT Health Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Texas, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Jun Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
- MD Anderson Cancer Center and UT Health Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Texas, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| |
Collapse
|
73
|
Martínez Traverso IM, Steimle JD, Zhao X, Wang J, Martin JF. LATS1/2 control TGFB-directed epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition in the murine dorsal cranial neuroepithelium through YAP regulation. Development 2022; 149:dev200860. [PMID: 36125128 PMCID: PMC9587805 DOI: 10.1242/dev.200860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Hippo signaling, an evolutionarily conserved kinase cascade involved in organ size control, plays key roles in various tissue developmental processes, but its role in craniofacial development remains poorly understood. Using the transgenic Wnt1-Cre2 driver, we inactivated the Hippo signaling components Lats1 and Lats2 in the cranial neuroepithelium of mouse embryos and found that the double conditional knockout (DCKO) of Lats1/2 resulted in neural tube and craniofacial defects. Lats1/2 DCKO mutant embryos had microcephaly with delayed and defective neural tube closure. Furthermore, neuroepithelial cell shape and architecture were disrupted within the cranial neural tube in Lats1/2 DCKO mutants. RNA sequencing of embryonic neural tubes revealed increased TGFB signaling in Lats1/2 DCKO mutants. Moreover, markers of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) were upregulated in the cranial neural tube. Inactivation of Hippo signaling downstream effectors, Yap and Taz, suppressed neuroepithelial defects, aberrant EMT and TGFB upregulation in Lats1/2 DCKO embryos, indicating that LATS1/2 function via YAP and TAZ. Our findings reveal important roles for Hippo signaling in modulating TGFB signaling during neural crest EMT.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Idaliz M. Martínez Traverso
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Interdepartmental Graduate Program in Translational Biology and Molecular Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Jeffrey D. Steimle
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Xiaolei Zhao
- Department of Pediatrics, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Jun Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center and The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - James F. Martin
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Interdepartmental Graduate Program in Translational Biology and Molecular Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Cardiomyocyte Renewal Laboratory, Texas Heart Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Center for Organ Repair and Renewal, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030 , USA
| |
Collapse
|
74
|
Depletion of VGLL4 Causes Perinatal Lethality without Affecting Myocardial Development. Cells 2022; 11:cells11182832. [PMID: 36139407 PMCID: PMC9496954 DOI: 10.3390/cells11182832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2022] [Revised: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Congenital heart disease is one of the leading causes of pediatric morbidity and mortality, thus highlighting the importance of deciphering the molecular mechanisms that control heart development. As the terminal transcriptional effectors of the Hippo-YAP pathway, YAP and TEAD1 form a transcriptional complex that regulates the target gene expression and depletes either of these two genes in cardiomyocytes, thus resulting in cardiac hypoplasia. Vestigial-like 4 (VGLL4) is a transcriptional co-factor that interacts with TEAD and suppresses the YAP/TEAD complex by competing against YAP for TEAD binding. To understand the VGLL4 function in the heart, we generated two VGLL4 loss-of-function mouse lines: a germline Vgll4 depletion allele and a cardiomyocyte-specific Vgll4 depletion allele. The whole-body deletion of Vgll4 caused defective embryo development and perinatal lethality. The analysis of the embryos at day 16.5 revealed that Vgll4 knockout embryos had reduced body size, malformed tricuspid valves, and normal myocardium. Few whole-body Vgll4 knockout pups could survive up to 10 days, and none of them showed body weight gain. In contrast to the whole-body Vgll4 knockout mutants, cardiomyocyte-specific Vgll4 knockout mice had no noticeable heart growth defects and had normal heart function. In summary, our data suggest that VGLL4 is required for embryo development but dispensable for myocardial growth.
Collapse
|
75
|
Sakurai K, Takeba Y, Osada Y, Mizuno M, Tsuzuki Y, Aso K, Kida K, Ohta Y, Ootaki M, Iiri T, Hokuto I, Shimizu N, Matsumoto N. Antenatal Glucocorticoid Administration Promotes Cardiac Structure and Energy Metabolism Maturation in Preterm Fetuses. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:10186. [PMID: 36077580 PMCID: PMC9456503 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231710186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Revised: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Although the rate of preterm birth has increased in recent decades, a number of preterm infants have escaped death due to improvements in perinatal and neonatal care. Antenatal glucocorticoid (GC) therapy has significantly contributed to progression in lung maturation; however, its potential effects on other organs remain controversial. Furthermore, the effects of antenatal GC therapy on the fetal heart show both pros and cons. Translational research in animal models indicates that constant fetal exposure to antenatal GC administration is sufficient for lung maturation. We have established a premature fetal rat model to investigate immature cardiopulmonary functions in the lungs and heart, including the effects of antenatal GC administration. In this review, we explain the mechanisms of antenatal GC actions on the heart in the fetus compared to those in the neonate. Antenatal GCs may contribute to premature heart maturation by accelerating cardiomyocyte proliferation, angiogenesis, energy production, and sarcoplasmic reticulum function. Additionally, this review specifically focuses on fetal heart growth with antenatal GC administration in experimental animal models. Moreover, knowledge regarding antenatal GC administration in experimental animal models can be coupled with that from developmental biology, with the potential for the generation of functional cells and tissues that could be used for regenerative medical purposes in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kenzo Sakurai
- Department of Pediatrics, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kawasaki 216-8511, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Yuko Takeba
- Department of Pharmacology, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kawasaki 216-8511, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Yosuke Osada
- Department of Pediatrics, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kawasaki 216-8511, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Masanori Mizuno
- Department of Pediatrics, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kawasaki 216-8511, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Yoshimitsu Tsuzuki
- Department of Pediatrics, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kawasaki 216-8511, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Kentaro Aso
- Department of Pediatrics, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kawasaki 216-8511, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Keisuke Kida
- Department of Pharmacology, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kawasaki 216-8511, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Yuki Ohta
- Department of Pharmacology, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kawasaki 216-8511, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Masanori Ootaki
- Department of Pharmacology, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kawasaki 216-8511, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Taroh Iiri
- Department of Pharmacology, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kawasaki 216-8511, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Isamu Hokuto
- Department of Pediatrics, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kawasaki 216-8511, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Naoki Shimizu
- Department of Pediatrics, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kawasaki 216-8511, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Naoki Matsumoto
- Department of Pharmacology, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kawasaki 216-8511, Kanagawa, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
76
|
Lu S, Jiang M, Chen Q, Luo X, Cao Z, Huang H, Zheng M, Du J. Upregulated YAP promotes oncogenic CTNNB1 expression contributing to molecular pathology of hepatoblastoma. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2022; 69:e29705. [PMID: 35404538 DOI: 10.1002/pbc.29705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Revised: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatoblastoma (HB) is one of the most common cancers in children. Recent studies have shown that the occurrence of nuclear accumulation of β-catenin reaches 90%-100% because of the anomalous activation of the Wnt pathway in HB patients. Furthermore, emerging studies have shown that concomitant activated forms of YAP and β-catenin trigger the formation and progression of HB. YAP might play a vital role in β-catenin-mediated HB development. However, the molecular mechanisms by which YAP/TEAD4 transcription factor regulates CTNNB1 underlying HB pathogenesis are still unclear. PROCEDURE YAP and CTNNB1 expression and correlation were analyzed by a combination of network enrichment analysis and gene set enrichment analysis of the public microarray datasets (GSE131329 and GSE81928). The protein levels of YAP and β-catenin were further validated by Western blotting in paired patients' samples. The direct interplay between YAP/TEAD4 and the promoter region of CTNNB1 was proven by the combination of dual-luciferase report assay and chromatin immunoprecipitation assay. RESULTS YAP-conserved signature and WNT signaling pathway were significantly enriched in HB patients, with upregulated expression of YAP and β-catenin compared to non-HB patients. Further functional assays demonstrated that YAP/TEAD4 transcription factor complex could bind to the CTNNB1 promoter region directly to promote β-catenin expression and cell proliferation. Targeting the YAP/TEAD4 complex with a specific small-molecule compound markedly suppressed HepaG2 cell proliferation. CONCLUSIONS As the upstream transcription factor of CTNNB1, YAP/TEAD4 is a promising target for the treatment of HB patients with high levels of YAP and β-catenin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Songxian Lu
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Min Jiang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Qi Chen
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Xufeng Luo
- Institute for Lymphoma Research, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University and Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Zhenjie Cao
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Hua Huang
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Mingjun Zheng
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Junpeng Du
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| |
Collapse
|
77
|
The negative regulation of gene expression by microRNAs as key driver of inducers and repressors of cardiomyocyte differentiation. Clin Sci (Lond) 2022; 136:1179-1203. [PMID: 35979890 PMCID: PMC9411751 DOI: 10.1042/cs20220391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Revised: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Cardiac muscle damage-induced loss of cardiomyocytes (CMs) and dysfunction of the remaining ones leads to heart failure, which nowadays is the number one killer worldwide. Therapies fostering effective cardiac regeneration are the holy grail of cardiovascular research to stop the heart failure epidemic. The main goal of most myocardial regeneration protocols is the generation of new functional CMs through the differentiation of endogenous or exogenous cardiomyogenic cells. Understanding the cellular and molecular basis of cardiomyocyte commitment, specification, differentiation and maturation is needed to devise innovative approaches to replace the CMs lost after injury in the adult heart. The transcriptional regulation of CM differentiation is a highly conserved process that require sequential activation and/or repression of different genetic programs. Therefore, CM differentiation and specification have been depicted as a step-wise specific chemical and mechanical stimuli inducing complete myogenic commitment and cell-cycle exit. Yet, the demonstration that some microRNAs are sufficient to direct ESC differentiation into CMs and that four specific miRNAs reprogram fibroblasts into CMs show that CM differentiation must also involve negative regulatory instructions. Here, we review the mechanisms of CM differentiation during development and from regenerative stem cells with a focus on the involvement of microRNAs in the process, putting in perspective their negative gene regulation as a main modifier of effective CM regeneration in the adult heart.
Collapse
|
78
|
Wang Y, Wei J, Zhang P, Zhang X, Wang Y, Chen W, Zhao Y, Cui X. Neuregulin-1, a potential therapeutic target for cardiac repair. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:945206. [PMID: 36120374 PMCID: PMC9471952 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.945206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
NRG1 (Neuregulin-1) is an effective cardiomyocyte proliferator, secreted and released by endothelial vascular cells, and affects the cardiovascular system. It plays a major role in heart growth, proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, and other cardiovascular processes. Numerous experiments have shown that NRG1 can repair the heart in the pathophysiology of atherosclerosis, myocardial infarction, ischemia reperfusion, heart failure, cardiomyopathy and other cardiovascular diseases. NRG1 can connect related signaling pathways through the NRG1/ErbB pathway, which form signal cascades to improve the myocardial microenvironment, such as regulating cardiac inflammation, oxidative stress, necrotic apoptosis. Here, we summarize recent research advances on the molecular mechanisms of NRG1, elucidate the contribution of NRG1 to cardiovascular disease, discuss therapeutic approaches targeting NRG1 associated with cardiovascular disease, and highlight areas for future research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Wang
- First Clinical Medical School, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Jianliang Wei
- Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Peng Zhang
- First Clinical Medical School, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Yifei Wang
- Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Wenjing Chen
- Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Yanan Zhao
- First Clinical Medical School, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China
- *Correspondence: Yanan Zhao, ; Xiangning Cui,
| | - Xiangning Cui
- Department of Cardiovascular, Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Yanan Zhao, ; Xiangning Cui,
| |
Collapse
|
79
|
Sun J, Yang T, Wei T, Zhou L, Shan T, Chen J, Gu L, Chen B, Liu L, Jiang Q, Du C, Ma Y, Wang H, Chen F, Guo X, Ji Y, Wang L. CDK9 binds and activates SGK3 to promote cardiac repair after injury via the GSK-3β/β-catenin pathway. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:970745. [PMID: 36082129 PMCID: PMC9445272 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.970745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The mammalian heart possesses entire regeneration capacity after birth, which is lost in adulthood. The role of the kinase network in myocardial regeneration remains largely elusive. SGK3 (threonine-protein kinase 3) is a functional kinase we identified previously with the capacity to promote cardiomyocyte proliferation and cardiac repair after myocardial infarction. However, the upstream signals regulating SGK3 are still unknown. Based on the quantitative phosphoproteomics data and pulldown assay, we identified cyclin-dependent kinase 9 (CDK9) as a novel therapeutic target in regeneration therapy. The direct combination between CDK9 and SGK3 was further confirmed by co-immunoprecipitation (Co-IP). CDK9 is highly expressed in the newborn period and rarely detected in the adult myocardium. In vitro, the proliferation ratio of primary cardiomyocytes was significantly elevated by CDK9 overexpression while inhibited by CDK9 knockdown. In vivo, inhibition of CDK9 shortened the time window of cardiac regeneration after apical resection (AR) in neonatal mice, while overexpression of CDK9 significantly promoted mature cardiomyocytes (CMs) to re-enter the cell cycle and cardiac repair after myocardial infarction (MI) in adult mice. Mechanistically, CDK9 promoted cardiac repair by directly activating SGK3 and downstream GSK-3β/β-catenin pathway. Consequently, our study indicated that CDK9 might be a novel target for MI therapy by stimulating myocardial regeneration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiateng Sun
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Tongtong Yang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Tianwen Wei
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Liuhua Zhou
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Tiankai Shan
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jiawen Chen
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lingfeng Gu
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Bingrui Chen
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Liu Liu
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qiqi Jiang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chong Du
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yao Ma
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hao Wang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Feng Chen
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, China International Cooperation Center for Environment and Human Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xuejiang Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Department of Histology and Embryology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yong Ji
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Medicine, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Disease Translation, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Disease Translation, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Liansheng Wang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- *Correspondence: Liansheng Wang,
| |
Collapse
|
80
|
Expression of Key Factors of the Hippo Signaling Pathway in Yak (Bos grunniens) Mammary Gland. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12162103. [PMID: 36009693 PMCID: PMC9404922 DOI: 10.3390/ani12162103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Revised: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The Hippo signaling pathway plays a significant role in regulating the organ development processes of mammals. Our research aimed to investigate the expression and distribution of key members of the Hippo signaling pathway in yak mammary glands during different stages. Using immunohistochemistry, Western blot, and relative quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction techniques, we found that the protein and mRNA expression levels of MST1, LATS1, YAP1 and TEAD1 in the yak’s mammary gland varies with the growth, lactation, and dry periods. The differential expression in the yak’s mammary gland at different stages strongly suggests that the Hippo signaling pathway plays an important role in regulating the mammary gland development processes under different physiological conditions. Abstract Due to its rich nutritional value, yak milk is an important food source in the alpine pastoral areas. However, yaks have a low milk yield. The Hippo pathway participates in cell proliferation and organ development. We aimed to determine the regulatory mechanism of this pathway in yak mammary cells. A greater understanding of how the expression of its essential genes influence the reproductive cycle could lead to improvements in lactation performance. The expression levels of the key genes MST1, LATS1, YAP1, and TEAD1 were detected by quantitative real-time PCR, Western blotting, and immunohistochemistry during the growth, lactation, and dry periods (GP, LP and DP, respectively). The MST1 and LATS1 mRNA and protein expression level was highest during GP and lowest during LP. The YAP1 and TEAD1 mRNA and protein expression level decreased from GP to LP and DP. MST1 and LATS1 were expressed in the cytoplasm whereas YAP1 and TEAD1 were expressed in the nucleus and cytoplasm, respectively. The differential expression of MST1, LATS1, YAP1, and TEAD1 expression in the yak mammary gland during different developmental stages strongly suggests that they play an important role in the regulation of developmental functions under different physiological conditions.
Collapse
|
81
|
Liu S, Li RG, Martin JF. The cell-autonomous and non–cell-autonomous roles of the Hippo pathway in heart regeneration. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2022; 168:98-106. [PMID: 35526477 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2022.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Revised: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/23/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
|
82
|
Defining the molecular underpinnings controlling cardiomyocyte proliferation. Clin Sci (Lond) 2022; 136:911-934. [PMID: 35723259 DOI: 10.1042/cs20211180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2021] [Revised: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Shortly after birth, mammalian cardiomyocytes (CM) exit the cell cycle and cease to proliferate. The inability of adult CM to replicate renders the heart particularly vulnerable to injury. Restoration of CM proliferation would be an attractive clinical target for regenerative therapies that can preserve contractile function and thus prevent the development of heart failure. Our review focuses on recent progress in understanding the tight regulation of signaling pathways and their downstream molecular mechanisms that underly the inability of CM to proliferate in vivo. In this review, we describe the temporal expression of cell cycle activators e.g., cyclin/Cdk complexes and their inhibitors including p16, p21, p27 and members of the retinoblastoma gene family during gestation and postnatal life. The differential impact of members of the E2f transcription factor family and microRNAs on the regulation of positive and negative cell cycle factors is discussed. This review also highlights seminal studies that identified the coordination of signaling mechanisms that can potently activate CM cell cycle re-entry including the Wnt/Ctnnb1, Hippo, Pi3K-Akt and Nrg1-Erbb2/4 pathways. We also present an up-to-date account of landmark studies analyzing the effect of various genes such as Argin, Dystrophin, Fstl1, Meis1, Pitx2 and Pkm2 that are responsible for either inhibition or activation of CM cell division. All these reports describe bona fide therapeutically targets that could guide future clinical studies toward cardiac repair.
Collapse
|
83
|
Mia MM, Cibi DM, Ghani SABA, Singh A, Tee N, Sivakumar V, Bogireddi H, Cook SA, Mao J, Singh MK. Loss of Yap/Taz in cardiac fibroblasts attenuates adverse remodelling and improves cardiac function. Cardiovasc Res 2022; 118:1785-1804. [PMID: 34132780 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvab205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS Fibrosis is associated with all forms of adult cardiac diseases including myocardial infarction (MI). In response to MI, the heart undergoes ventricular remodelling that leads to fibrotic scar due to excessive deposition of extracellular matrix mostly produced by myofibroblasts. The structural and mechanical properties of the fibrotic scar are critical determinants of heart function. Yes-associated protein (Yap) and transcriptional coactivator with PDZ-binding motif (Taz) are the key effectors of the Hippo signalling pathway and are crucial for cardiomyocyte proliferation during cardiac development and regeneration. However, their role in cardiac fibroblasts, regulating post-MI fibrotic and fibroinflammatory response, is not well established. METHODS AND RESULTS Using mouse model, we demonstrate that Yap/Taz are activated in cardiac fibroblasts after MI and fibroblasts-specific deletion of Yap/Taz using Col1a2Cre(ER)T mice reduces post-MI fibrotic and fibroinflammatory response and improves cardiac function. Consistently, Yap overexpression elevated post-MI fibrotic response. Gene expression profiling shows significant downregulation of several cytokines involved in post-MI cardiac remodelling. Furthermore, Yap/Taz directly regulate the promoter activity of pro-fibrotic cytokine interleukin-33 (IL33) in cardiac fibroblasts. Blocking of IL33 receptor ST2 using the neutralizing antibody abrogates the Yap-induced pro-fibrotic response in cardiac fibroblasts. We demonstrate that the altered fibroinflammatory programme not only affects the nature of cardiac fibroblasts but also the polarization as well as infiltration of macrophages in the infarcted hearts. Furthermore, we demonstrate that Yap/Taz act downstream of both Wnt and TGFβ signalling pathways in regulating cardiac fibroblasts activation and fibroinflammatory response. CONCLUSION We demonstrate that Yap/Taz play an important role in controlling MI-induced cardiac fibrosis by modulating fibroblasts proliferation, transdifferentiation into myofibroblasts, and fibroinflammatory programme.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Masum M Mia
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, 169857Singapore
| | - Dasan Mary Cibi
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, 169857Singapore
| | | | - Anamika Singh
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, 169857Singapore
| | - Nicole Tee
- National Heart Research Institute Singapore, National Heart Centre Singapore, 169609Singapore
| | - Viswanathan Sivakumar
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, 169857Singapore
| | - Hanumakumar Bogireddi
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, 169857Singapore
| | - Stuart A Cook
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, 169857Singapore.,National Heart Research Institute Singapore, National Heart Centre Singapore, 169609Singapore
| | - Junhao Mao
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology, Medical School, University of Massachusetts, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Manvendra K Singh
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, 169857Singapore.,National Heart Research Institute Singapore, National Heart Centre Singapore, 169609Singapore
| |
Collapse
|
84
|
Abstract
It is well established that humans and other mammals are minimally regenerative compared with organisms such as zebrafish, salamander or amphibians. In recent years, however, the identification of regenerative potential in neonatal mouse tissues that normally heal poorly in adults has transformed our understanding of regenerative capacity in mammals. In this Review, we survey the mammalian tissues for which regenerative or improved neonatal healing has been established, including the heart, cochlear hair cells, the brain and spinal cord, and dense connective tissues. We also highlight common and/or tissue-specific mechanisms of neonatal regeneration, which involve cells, signaling pathways, extracellular matrix, immune cells and other factors. The identification of such common features across neonatal tissues may direct therapeutic strategies that will be broadly applicable to multiple adult tissues.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Alice H. Huang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| |
Collapse
|
85
|
Bae JH, Yang MJ, Jeong SH, Kim J, Hong SP, Kim JW, Kim YH, Koh GY. Gatekeeping role of Nf2/Merlin in vascular tip EC induction through suppression of VEGFR2 internalization. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabn2611. [PMID: 35687678 PMCID: PMC9187237 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abn2611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In sprouting angiogenesis, the precise mechanisms underlying how intracellular vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR2) signaling is higher in one endothelial cell (EC) compared with its neighbor and acquires the tip EC phenotype under a similar external cue are elusive. Here, we show that Merlin, encoded by the neurofibromatosis type 2 (NF2) gene, suppresses VEGFR2 internalization depending on VE-cadherin density and inhibits tip EC induction. Accordingly, endothelial Nf2 depletion promotes tip EC induction with excessive filopodia by enhancing VEGFR2 internalization in both the growing and matured vessels. Mechanistically, Merlin binds to the VEGFR2-VE-cadherin complex at cell-cell junctions and reduces VEGFR2 internalization-induced downstream signaling during tip EC induction. As a consequence, nonfunctional excessive sprouting occurs during tumor angiogenesis in EC-specific Nf2-deleted mice, leading to delayed tumor growth. Together, Nf2/Merlin is a crucial molecular gatekeeper for tip EC induction, capillary integrity, and proper tumor angiogenesis by suppressing VEGFR2 internalization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jung Hyun Bae
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
- Center for Vascular Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Myung Jin Yang
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
- Center for Vascular Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-hwan Jeong
- Center for Vascular Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - JungMo Kim
- Center for Vascular Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Seon Pyo Hong
- Center for Vascular Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Woo Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, KAIST, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoo Hyung Kim
- Center for Vascular Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Gou Young Koh
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
- Center for Vascular Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
86
|
Godin P, Tsoi MF, Morin M, Gévry N, Boerboom D. The granulosa cell response to luteinizing hormone is partly mediated by YAP1-dependent induction of amphiregulin. Cell Commun Signal 2022; 20:72. [PMID: 35619099 PMCID: PMC9137176 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-022-00843-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The LH surge is a pivotal event that triggers multiple key ovarian processes including oocyte maturation, cumulus expansion, follicular wall rupture and luteinization of mural granulosa and theca cells. Recently, LH-dependent activation of the Hippo signaling pathway has been shown to be required for the differentiation of granulosa cells into luteal cells. Still, the precise interactions between Hippo and LH signaling in murine granulosa cells remain to be elucidated. Methods To detect the expression of effectors of the Hippo pathway, western blot, immunohistochemical and RT-qPCR analyses were performed on granulosa cells treated with LH in vitro or isolated from immature mice treated with eCG and hCG. Cultured granulosa cells were pretreated with pharmacologic inhibitors to identify the signaling pathways involved in Hippo regulation by LH. To study the roles of Yap1 and Taz in the regulation of the LH signaling cascade, RT-qPCR and microarray analyses were done on granulosa cells from Yap1f/f;Tazf/f mice treated with an adenovirus to drive cre expression. RT-qPCR was performed to evaluate YAP1 binding to the Areg promoter following chromatin immunoprecipitation of granulosa cells collected from mice prior to or 60 min following hCG treatment. Results Granulosa cells showed a transient increase in LATS1, YAP1 and TAZ phosphorylation levels in response to the ovulatory signal. This Hippo activation by LH was mediated by protein kinase A. Furthermore, Yap1 and Taz are required for the induction of several LH target genes such as Areg, Pgr and Ptgs2, and for the activation of the ERK1/2 pathway. Consistent with these results, there was a substantial overlap between genes that are upregulated by LH and those that are downregulated following loss of Yap1/Taz, highlighting a major role for Hippo in mediating LH actions in the ovulation process. Finally, we showed that there is a marked recruitment of YAP1 to the Areg promoter of granulosa cells in response to hCG stimulation. Conclusions Overall, these results indicate that Hippo collaborates with the cAMP/PKA and ERK1/2 pathways to participate in the precise regulation of the LH cascade, and that Areg, as a direct transcriptional target of YAP1, is involved in mediating its actions in the ovary. Video Abstract
Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12964-022-00843-1.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Philippe Godin
- Centre de Recherche en Reproduction et Fertilité (CRRF), Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC, Canada
| | - Mayra F Tsoi
- Centre de Recherche en Reproduction et Fertilité (CRRF), Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC, Canada
| | - Martin Morin
- Department of Biology, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Nicolas Gévry
- Department of Biology, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Derek Boerboom
- Centre de Recherche en Reproduction et Fertilité (CRRF), Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
87
|
Effect of TDP43-CTFs35 on Brain Endothelial Cell Functions in Cerebral Ischemic Injury. Mol Neurobiol 2022; 59:4593-4611. [PMID: 35581521 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-022-02869-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Pathological changes in the brain endothelium play an important role in the progression of ischemic stroke and the compromised BBB under ischemic stroke conditions cause neuronal damage. However, the pathophysiological mechanisms of the BBB under normal conditions and under ischemic stroke conditions have not been fully elucidated. The present study demonstrated that knockdown of TAR DNA-binding protein 43 (TDP-43) or overexpression of TDP43-CTFs35 inhibited tight junction protein expression, and mammalian sterile-20-like 1/2 (MST1/2) and YES-associated protein (YAP) phosphorylation in brain ECs and suppressed brain EC migration in vitro. The cytoplasmic TDP43-CTFs35 level was increased in brain ECs 24 h and 72 h after MCAO, but it disappeared 1 week after cerebral ischemia. The expression of tight junction proteins was also significantly deceased 24 h after MCAO and then gradually recovered at 72 h and 1 week after MCAO. The level of YAP phosphorylation was first significantly decreased 24 h after MCAO and then increased 72 h and 1 week after MCAO, accompanied by nuclear YAP translocation. The underlying mechanism is TDP43-CTFs35-mediated inhibition of Hippo signaling pathway activity through the dephosphorylation of MST1/2, which leads to the inhibition of YAP phosphorylation and the subsequent impairment of brain EC migration and tight junction protein expression. This study provides new insights into the mechanisms of brain vascular EC regulation, which may impact on BBB integrity after cerebral ischemic injury.
Collapse
|
88
|
Jeon HY, Choi J, Kraaier L, Kim YH, Eisenbarth D, Yi K, Kang JG, Kim JW, Shim HS, Lee JH, Lim DS. Airway secretory cell fate conversion via YAP-mTORC1-dependent essential amino acid metabolism. EMBO J 2022; 41:e109365. [PMID: 35285539 PMCID: PMC9016350 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2021109365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Revised: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Tissue homeostasis requires lineage fidelity of stem cells. Dysregulation of cell fate specification and differentiation leads to various diseases, yet the cellular and molecular mechanisms governing these processes remain elusive. We demonstrate that YAP/TAZ activation reprograms airway secretory cells, which subsequently lose their cellular identity and acquire squamous alveolar type 1 (AT1) fate in the lung. This cell fate conversion is mediated via distinctive transitional cell states of damage-associated transient progenitors (DATPs), recently shown to emerge during injury repair in mouse and human lungs. We further describe a YAP/TAZ signaling cascade to be integral for the fate conversion of secretory cells into AT1 fate, by modulating mTORC1/ATF4-mediated amino acid metabolism in vivo. Importantly, we observed aberrant activation of the YAP/TAZ-mTORC1-ATF4 axis in the altered airway epithelium of bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome, including substantial emergence of DATPs and AT1 cells with severe pulmonary fibrosis. Genetic and pharmacologic inhibition of mTORC1 activity suppresses lineage alteration and subepithelial fibrosis driven by YAP/TAZ activation, proposing a potential therapeutic target for human fibrotic lung diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hae Yon Jeon
- Department of Biological Sciences, National Creative Research Center for Cell Plasticity, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Jinwook Choi
- Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, Wellcome - MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Lianne Kraaier
- Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, Wellcome - MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.,Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Young Hoon Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, National Creative Research Center for Cell Plasticity, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, South Korea
| | - David Eisenbarth
- Department of Biological Sciences, National Creative Research Center for Cell Plasticity, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Kijong Yi
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, South Korea.,GenomeInsight Inc., Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Ju-Gyeong Kang
- Department of Biological Sciences, National Creative Research Center for Cell Plasticity, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Jin Woo Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, National Creative Research Center for Cell Plasticity, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Hyo Sup Shim
- Department of Pathology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Joo-Hyeon Lee
- Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, Wellcome - MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.,Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Dae-Sik Lim
- Department of Biological Sciences, National Creative Research Center for Cell Plasticity, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, South Korea
| |
Collapse
|
89
|
Wang L, Yu P, Wang J, Xu G, Wang T, Feng J, Bei Y, Xu J, Wang H, Das S, Xiao J. Downregulation of circ-ZNF609 Promotes Heart Repair by Modulating RNA N 6-Methyladenosine-Modified Yap Expression. RESEARCH 2022; 2022:9825916. [PMID: 35474903 PMCID: PMC9012977 DOI: 10.34133/2022/9825916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Circular RNAs take crucial roles in several pathophysiological processes. The regulatory role and its underlying mechanisms of circ-ZNF609 in the heart remains largely unknown. Here, we report that circ-ZNF609 is upregulated during myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) remodeling. Knockdown of circ-ZNF609 protects against acute I/R injury and attenuates left ventricle dysfunction after I/R remodeling in vivo. In vitro, circ-ZNF609 regulates cardiomyocyte survival and proliferation via modulating the crosstalk between Hippo-YAP and Akt signaling. Mechanically, N6-methyladenosine-modification is involved in the regulatory role of circ-ZNF609 on YAP. An in-depth study indicates that knockdown of circ-ZNF609 decreases the expression of YTHDF3 and further fine-tuned the accessibility of Yap mRNA to YTHDF1 and YTHDF2 to regulate YAP expression. circ-ZNF609 knockdown represents a promising therapeutic strategy to combat the pathological process of myocardial I/R injury.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lijun Wang
- Cardiac Regeneration and Ageing Lab, Institute of Geriatrics (Shanghai University), Affiliated Nantong Hospital of Shanghai University (The Sixth People’s Hospital of Nantong), School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Nantong 226011, China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Organ Repair, School of Life Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Pujiao Yu
- Department of Cardiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200065, China
| | - Jiaqi Wang
- Cardiac Regeneration and Ageing Lab, Institute of Geriatrics (Shanghai University), Affiliated Nantong Hospital of Shanghai University (The Sixth People’s Hospital of Nantong), School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Nantong 226011, China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Organ Repair, School of Life Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Guie Xu
- Cardiac Regeneration and Ageing Lab, Institute of Geriatrics (Shanghai University), Affiliated Nantong Hospital of Shanghai University (The Sixth People’s Hospital of Nantong), School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Nantong 226011, China
| | - Tianhui Wang
- Cardiac Regeneration and Ageing Lab, Institute of Geriatrics (Shanghai University), Affiliated Nantong Hospital of Shanghai University (The Sixth People’s Hospital of Nantong), School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Nantong 226011, China
| | - Jingyi Feng
- Cardiac Regeneration and Ageing Lab, Institute of Geriatrics (Shanghai University), Affiliated Nantong Hospital of Shanghai University (The Sixth People’s Hospital of Nantong), School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Nantong 226011, China
| | - Yihua Bei
- Cardiac Regeneration and Ageing Lab, Institute of Geriatrics (Shanghai University), Affiliated Nantong Hospital of Shanghai University (The Sixth People’s Hospital of Nantong), School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Nantong 226011, China
| | - Jiahong Xu
- Department of Cardiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200065, China
| | - Hongbao Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Yangpu Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200065, China
| | - Saumya Das
- Cardiovascular Division of the Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Junjie Xiao
- Cardiac Regeneration and Ageing Lab, Institute of Geriatrics (Shanghai University), Affiliated Nantong Hospital of Shanghai University (The Sixth People’s Hospital of Nantong), School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Nantong 226011, China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Organ Repair, School of Life Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| |
Collapse
|
90
|
Abstract
Cardiac injury initiates a tissue remodeling process in which aberrant fibrosis plays a significant part, contributing to impaired contractility of the myocardium and the progression to heart failure. Fibrotic remodeling is characterized by the activation, proliferation, and differentiation of quiescent fibroblasts to myofibroblasts, and the resulting effects on the extracellular matrix and inflammatory milieu. Molecular mechanisms underlying fibroblast fate decisions and subsequent cardiac fibrosis are complex and remain incompletely understood. Emerging evidence has implicated the Hippo-Yap signaling pathway, originally discovered as a fundamental regulator of organ size, as an important mechanism that modulates fibroblast activity and adverse remodeling in the heart, while also exerting distinct cell type-specific functions that dictate opposing outcomes on heart failure. This brief review will focus on Hippo-Yap signaling in cardiomyocytes, cardiac fibroblasts, and other non-myocytes, and present mechanisms by which it may influence the course of cardiac fibrosis and dysfunction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dominic P Del Re
- Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ 07103
| |
Collapse
|
91
|
Zhang Y, Yang Y, Ju H, He X, Sun P, Tian Y, Yang P, Song XX, Yu T, Jiang Z. Comprehensive profile of circRNAs in formaldehyde induced heart development. Food Chem Toxicol 2022; 162:112899. [PMID: 35231573 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2022.112899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are a novel type of long non-coding RNAs that can regulate gene expression in heart development and heart disease. However, the expression pattern of circRNAs in congenital heart disease (CHD) induced by formaldehyde exposure is still unknown. We detected circRNAs expression profiles in heart tissue taken from six neonatal rat pups with formaldehyde exposure group and normal group using RNA-sequencing. Results revealed that a total of 54 circRNAs were dysregulated in the formaldehyde exposure group compared to the normal group. Among them, 31 were upregulated and 23 were downregulated (fold change = 2.0, p < 0.0 5). The qRT-qPCR results showed that expressions of 12:628708|632694, 18:77477060|77520779, 5:167486001|167526275 were significantly upregulated, while that of 7:41167312|4116775 and 20:50659751|5068786 were notably downregulated; the expression pattern was consistent with the RNA sequencing data. Bioinformatics analysis shows that the pathogenesis of formaldehyde exposure-induced CHD may involve Hippo-YAP pathway、Notch signaling pathway and other pathways. A key miRNA (rno-miR-665) was identified by constructing a circRNA-miRNA-mRNA co-expression network. In summary, the study illustrated that circRNAs differentially expressed in fetal heart tissues during formaldehyde exposure has potential biological functions and may be a biomarker or therapeutic target for CHD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhang
- Department of Cardiac Ultrasound, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Road No. 59 Haier, Qingdao, 266100, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanyan Yang
- Department of Immunology, Basic Medicine School, Qingdao University, No. 308 Ningxia Road, Qingdao, 266071, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Ju
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Road No. 16 Jiangsu, Qingdao, 266000, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiangqin He
- Department of Cardiac Ultrasound, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Road No. 59 Haier, Qingdao, 266100, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Pin Sun
- Department of Cardiac Ultrasound, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Road No. 59 Haier, Qingdao, 266100, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Tian
- Department of Cardiac Ultrasound, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Road No. 59 Haier, Qingdao, 266100, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Panyu Yang
- Department of Cardiac Ultrasound, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Road No. 59 Haier, Qingdao, 266100, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Xia Song
- Department of Cardiac Ultrasound, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Road No. 59 Haier, Qingdao, 266100, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Yu
- Department of Cardiac Ultrasound, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Road No. 59 Haier, Qingdao, 266100, Shandong, People's Republic of China; Institute for Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Road No. 38 Dengzhou, Qingdao, 266021, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zhirong Jiang
- Department of Cardiac Ultrasound, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Road No. 59 Haier, Qingdao, 266100, Shandong, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
92
|
Ramaccini D, Pedriali G, Perrone M, Bouhamida E, Modesti L, Wieckowski MR, Giorgi C, Pinton P, Morciano G. Some Insights into the Regulation of Cardiac Physiology and Pathology by the Hippo Pathway. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10030726. [PMID: 35327528 PMCID: PMC8945338 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10030726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Revised: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The heart is one of the most fascinating organs in living beings. It beats up to 100,000 times a day throughout the lifespan, without resting. The heart undergoes profound anatomical, biochemical, and functional changes during life, from hypoxemic fetal stages to a completely differentiated four-chambered cardiac muscle. In the middle, many biological events occur after and intersect with each other to regulate development, organ size, and, in some cases, regeneration. Several studies have defined the essential roles of the Hippo pathway in heart physiology through the regulation of apoptosis, autophagy, cell proliferation, and differentiation. This molecular route is composed of multiple components, some of which were recently discovered, and is highly interconnected with multiple known prosurvival pathways. The Hippo cascade is evolutionarily conserved among species, and in addition to its regulatory roles, it is involved in disease by drastically changing the heart phenotype and its function when its components are mutated, absent, or constitutively activated. In this review, we report some insights into the regulation of cardiac physiology and pathology by the Hippo pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Ramaccini
- Maria Cecilia Hospital, GVM Care & Research, 48033 Cotignola, Italy; (D.R.); (G.P.); (E.B.)
| | - Gaia Pedriali
- Maria Cecilia Hospital, GVM Care & Research, 48033 Cotignola, Italy; (D.R.); (G.P.); (E.B.)
| | - Mariasole Perrone
- Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA), Section of Experimental Medicine, Department of Medical Science, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (M.P.); (L.M.); (C.G.)
| | - Esmaa Bouhamida
- Maria Cecilia Hospital, GVM Care & Research, 48033 Cotignola, Italy; (D.R.); (G.P.); (E.B.)
| | - Lorenzo Modesti
- Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA), Section of Experimental Medicine, Department of Medical Science, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (M.P.); (L.M.); (C.G.)
| | - Mariusz R. Wieckowski
- Laboratory of Mitochondrial Biology and Metabolism, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Carlotta Giorgi
- Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA), Section of Experimental Medicine, Department of Medical Science, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (M.P.); (L.M.); (C.G.)
| | - Paolo Pinton
- Maria Cecilia Hospital, GVM Care & Research, 48033 Cotignola, Italy; (D.R.); (G.P.); (E.B.)
- Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA), Section of Experimental Medicine, Department of Medical Science, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (M.P.); (L.M.); (C.G.)
- Correspondence: (P.P.); (G.M.); Tel.: +39-0532-455-802 (P.P.); +39-0532-455-804 (G.M.)
| | - Giampaolo Morciano
- Maria Cecilia Hospital, GVM Care & Research, 48033 Cotignola, Italy; (D.R.); (G.P.); (E.B.)
- Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA), Section of Experimental Medicine, Department of Medical Science, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (M.P.); (L.M.); (C.G.)
- Correspondence: (P.P.); (G.M.); Tel.: +39-0532-455-802 (P.P.); +39-0532-455-804 (G.M.)
| |
Collapse
|
93
|
Kametani Y, Tanaka S, Wada Y, Suzuki S, Umeda A, Nishinaka K, Okada Y, Maeda M, Miyagawa S, Sawa Y, Obana M, Fujio Y. Yes‐associated protein activation potentiates glycogen synthase kinase‐3 inhibitor‐induced proliferation of neonatal cardiomyocytes and iPS cell‐derived cardiomyocytes. J Cell Physiol 2022; 237:2539-2549. [PMID: 35312066 PMCID: PMC9311433 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2021] [Revised: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Because mammalian cardiomyocytes largely cease to proliferate immediately after birth, the regenerative activity of the heart is limited. To date, much effort has been made to clarify the regulatory mechanism of cardiomyocyte proliferation because the amplification of cardiomyocytes could be a promising strategy for heart regenerative therapy. Recently, it was reported that the inhibition of glycogen synthase kinase (GSK)‐3 promotes the proliferation of neonatal rat cardiomyocytes (NRCMs) and human iPS cell‐derived cardiomyocytes (hiPSC‐CMs). Additionally, Yes‐associated protein (YAP) induces cardiomyocyte proliferation. The purpose of this study was to address the importance of YAP activity in cardiomyocyte proliferation induced by GSK‐3 inhibitors (GSK‐3Is) to develop a novel strategy for cardiomyocyte amplification. Immunofluorescent microscopic analysis using an anti‐Ki‐67 antibody demonstrated that the treatment of NRCMs with GSK‐3Is, such as BIO and CHIR99021, increased the ratio of proliferative cardiomyocytes. YAP was localized in the nuclei of more than 95% of cardiomyocytes, either in the presence or absence of GSK‐3Is, indicating that YAP was endogenously activated. GSK‐3Is increased the expression of β‐catenin and promoted its translocation into the nucleus without influencing YAP activity. The knockdown of YAP using siRNA or pharmacological inhibition of YAP using verteporfin or CIL56 dramatically reduced GSK‐3I‐induced cardiomyocyte proliferation without suppressing β‐catenin activation. Interestingly, the inhibition of GSK‐3 also induced the proliferation of hiPSC‐CMs under sparse culture conditions, where YAP was constitutively activated. In contrast, under dense culture conditions, in which YAP activity was suppressed, the proliferative effects of GSK‐3Is on hiPSC‐CMs were not detected. Importantly, the activation of YAP by the knockdown of α‐catenin restored the proproliferative activity of GSK‐3Is. Collectively, YAP activation potentiates the GSK‐3I‐induced proliferation of cardiomyocytes. The blockade of GSK‐3 in combination with YAP activation resulted in remarkable amplification of cardiomyocytes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Kametani
- Laboratory of Clinical Science and Biomedicine, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Osaka University Suita City Osaka Japan
| | - Shota Tanaka
- Laboratory of Clinical Science and Biomedicine, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Osaka University Suita City Osaka Japan
| | - Yuriko Wada
- Laboratory of Clinical Science and Biomedicine, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Osaka University Suita City Osaka Japan
| | - Shota Suzuki
- Laboratory of Clinical Science and Biomedicine, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Osaka University Suita City Osaka Japan
| | - Ayaka Umeda
- Laboratory of Clinical Science and Biomedicine, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Osaka University Suita City Osaka Japan
| | - Kosuke Nishinaka
- Laboratory of Clinical Science and Biomedicine, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Osaka University Suita City Osaka Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Okada
- Laboratory of Clinical Science and Biomedicine, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Osaka University Suita City Osaka Japan
| | - Makiko Maeda
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Osaka University Suita City Osaka Japan
- Department of Medical Innovation, Medical Center for Translational Research Osaka University Hospital Suita City Osaka Japan
| | - Shigeru Miyagawa
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine Osaka University Suita City Osaka Japan
| | - Yoshiki Sawa
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine Osaka University Suita City Osaka Japan
| | - Masanori Obana
- Laboratory of Clinical Science and Biomedicine, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Osaka University Suita City Osaka Japan
- Integrated Frontier Research for Medical Science Division, Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiative (OTRI) Osaka University Suita City Osaka Japan
- Radioisotope Research Center, Institute for Radiation Sciences Osaka University Suita City Osaka Japan
- Global Center for Medical Engineering and Informatics (MEI) Osaka University Suita City Osaka Japan
| | - Yasushi Fujio
- Laboratory of Clinical Science and Biomedicine, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Osaka University Suita City Osaka Japan
- Integrated Frontier Research for Medical Science Division, Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiative (OTRI) Osaka University Suita City Osaka Japan
| |
Collapse
|
94
|
Rao KS, Kloppenburg JE, Marquis T, Solomon L, McElroy-Yaggy KL, Spees JL. CTGF-D4 Amplifies LRP6 Signaling to Promote Grafts of Adult Epicardial-derived Cells That Improve Cardiac Function After Myocardial Infarction. Stem Cells 2022; 40:204-214. [PMID: 35257185 PMCID: PMC9199845 DOI: 10.1093/stmcls/sxab016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2017] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Transplantation of stem/progenitor cells holds promise for cardiac regeneration in patients with myocardial infarction (MI). Currently, however, low cell survival and engraftment after transplantation present a major barrier to many forms of cell therapy. One issue is that ligands, receptors, and signaling pathways that promote graft success remain poorly understood. Here, we prospectively isolate uncommitted epicardial cells from the adult heart surface by CD104 (β-4 integrin) and demonstrate that C-terminal peptide from connective tissue growth factor (CTGF-D4), when combined with insulin, effectively primes epicardial-derived cells (EPDC) for cardiac engraftment after MI. Similar to native epicardial derivatives that arise from epicardial EMT at the heart surface, the grafted cells migrated into injured myocardial tissue in a rat model of MI with reperfusion. By echocardiography, at 1 month after MI, we observed significant improvement in cardiac function for animals that received epicardial cells primed with CTGF-D4/insulin compared with those that received vehicle-primed (control) cells. In the presence of insulin, CTGF-D4 treatment significantly increased the phosphorylation of Wnt co-receptor LRP6 on EPDC. Competitive engraftment assays and neutralizing/blocking studies showed that LRP6 was required for EPDC engraftment after transplantation. Our results identify LRP6 as a key target for increasing EPDC engraftment after MI and suggest amplification of LRP6 signaling with CTGF-D4/insulin, or by other means, may provide an effective approach for achieving successful cellular grafts in regenerative medicine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Krithika S Rao
- Department of Medicine, Stem Cell Core, University of Vermont, Colchester, VT 05446, USA
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of Vermont, Colchester, VT 05446, USA
| | - Jessica E Kloppenburg
- Department of Medicine, Stem Cell Core, University of Vermont, Colchester, VT 05446, USA
| | - Taylor Marquis
- Department of Medicine, Stem Cell Core, University of Vermont, Colchester, VT 05446, USA
| | - Laura Solomon
- Department of Medicine, Stem Cell Core, University of Vermont, Colchester, VT 05446, USA
| | - Keara L McElroy-Yaggy
- Department of Medicine, Stem Cell Core, University of Vermont, Colchester, VT 05446, USA
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of Vermont, Colchester, VT 05446, USA
| | - Jeffrey L Spees
- Department of Medicine, Stem Cell Core, University of Vermont, Colchester, VT 05446, USA
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of Vermont, Colchester, VT 05446, USA
| |
Collapse
|
95
|
Correlation of nuclear pIGF-1R/IGF-1R and YAP/TAZ in a tissue microarray with outcomes in osteosarcoma patients. Oncotarget 2022; 13:521-533. [PMID: 35284040 PMCID: PMC8906536 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.28215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteosarcoma (OS) is a genetically diverse bone cancer that lacks a consistent targetable mutation. Recent studies suggest the IGF/PI3K/mTOR pathway and YAP/TAZ paralogs regulate cell fate and proliferation in response to biomechanical cues within the tumor microenvironment. How this occurs and their implication upon osteosarcoma survival, remains poorly understood. Here, we show that IGF-1R can translocate into the nucleus, where it may act as part of a transcription factor complex. To explore the relationship between YAP/TAZ and total and nuclear phosphorylated IGF-1R (pIGF-1R), we evaluated sequential tumor sections from a 37-patient tissue microarray by confocal microscopy. Next, we examined the relationship between stained markers, clinical disease characteristics, and patient outcomes. The nuclear to cytoplasmic ratios (N:C ratio) of YAP and TAZ strongly correlated with nuclear pIGF-1R (r = 0.522, p = 0.001 for each pair). Kaplan-Meier analyses indicated that nuclear pIGF-1R predicted poor overall survival, a finding confirmed in the Cox proportional hazards model. Though additional investigation in a larger prospective study will be required to validate the prognostic accuracy of these markers, our results may have broad implications for the new class of YAP, TAZ, AXL, or TEAD inhibitors that have reached early phase clinical trials this year.
Collapse
|
96
|
Terry BK, Park R, Cho SH, Crino PB, Kim S. Abnormal activation of Yap/Taz contributes to the pathogenesis of tuberous sclerosis complex. Hum Mol Genet 2022; 31:1979-1996. [PMID: 34999833 PMCID: PMC9239747 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddab374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Revised: 10/31/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The multi-systemic genetic disorder tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) impacts multiple neurodevelopmental processes including neuronal morphogenesis, neuronal migration, myelination and gliogenesis. These alterations contribute to the development of cerebral cortex abnormalities and malformations. Although TSC is caused by mTORC1 hyperactivation, cognitive and behavioral impairments are not improved through mTORC1 targeting, making the study of the downstream effectors of this complex important for understanding the mechanisms underlying TSC. As mTORC1 has been shown to promote the activity of the transcriptional co-activator Yap, we hypothesized that altered Yap/Taz signaling contributes to the pathogenesis of TSC. We first observed that the levels of Yap/Taz are increased in human cortical tuber samples and in embryonic cortices of Tsc2 conditional knockout (cKO) mice. Next, to determine how abnormal upregulation of Yap/Taz impacts the neuropathology of TSC, we deleted Yap/Taz in Tsc2 cKO mice. Importantly, Yap/Taz/Tsc2 triple conditional knockout (tcKO) animals show reduced cortical thickness and cortical neuron cell size, despite the persistence of high mTORC1 activity, suggesting that Yap/Taz play a downstream role in cytomegaly. Furthermore, Yap/Taz/Tsc2 tcKO significantly restored cortical and hippocampal lamination defects and reduced hippocampal heterotopia formation. Finally, the loss of Yap/Taz increased the distribution of myelin basic protein in Tsc2 cKO animals, consistent with an improvement in myelination. Overall, our results indicate that targeting Yap/Taz lessens the severity of neuropathology in a TSC animal model. This study is the first to implicate Yap/Taz as contributors to cortical pathogenesis in TSC and therefore as potential novel targets in the treatment of this disorder.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bethany K Terry
- Department of Neural Sciences, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Shriners Hospitals Pediatrics Research Center, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA,Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Raehee Park
- Department of Neural Sciences, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Shriners Hospitals Pediatrics Research Center, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Seo-Hee Cho
- Department of Medicine, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Center for Translational Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Peter B Crino
- Department of Neurology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Seonhee Kim
- To whom correspondence should be addressed. Tel: 215-926-9360; Fax: 215-926-9325;
| |
Collapse
|
97
|
Lalonde-Larue A, Boyer A, Dos Santos EC, Boerboom D, Bernard DJ, Zamberlam G. The Hippo Pathway Effectors YAP and TAZ Regulate LH Release by Pituitary Gonadotrope Cells in Mice. Endocrinology 2022; 163:bqab238. [PMID: 34905605 PMCID: PMC8670590 DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqab238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The Hippo transcriptional coactivators YAP and TAZ exert critical roles in morphogenesis, organ size determination and tumorigenesis in many tissues. Although Hippo kinase cascade activity was recently reported in the anterior pituitary gland in mice, the role of the Hippo effectors in regulating gonadotropin production remains unknown. The objective of this study was therefore to characterize the roles of YAP and TAZ in gonadotropin synthesis and secretion. Using a conditional gene targeting approach (cKO), we found that gonadotrope-specific inactivation of Yap and Taz resulted in increased circulating levels of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) in adult male mice, along with increased testosterone levels and testis weight. Female cKO mice had increased circulating LH (but not FSH) levels, which were associated with a hyperfertility phenotype characterized by higher ovulation rates and larger litter sizes. Unexpectedly, the loss of YAP/TAZ did not appear to affect the expression of gonadotropin subunit genes, yet both basal and GnRH-induced LH secretion were increased in cultured pituitary cells from cKO mice. Likewise, pharmacologic inhibition of YAP binding to the TEAD family of transcription factors increased both basal and GnRH-induced LH secretion in LβT2 gonadotrope-like cells in vitro without affecting Lhb expression. Conversely, mRNA levels of ChgA and SgII, which encode key secretory granule cargo proteins, were decreased following pharmacologic inhibition of YAP/TAZ, suggesting a mechanism whereby YAP/TAZ regulate the LH secretion machinery in gonadotrope cells. Together, these findings represent the first evidence that Hippo signaling may play a role in regulating pituitary LH secretion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ariane Lalonde-Larue
- Centre de recherche en reproduction et fertilité (CRRF), Faculté de médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec J2S 7C6, Canada
| | - Alexandre Boyer
- Centre de recherche en reproduction et fertilité (CRRF), Faculté de médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec J2S 7C6, Canada
| | - Esdras Corrêa Dos Santos
- Centre de recherche en reproduction et fertilité (CRRF), Faculté de médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec J2S 7C6, Canada
| | - Derek Boerboom
- Centre de recherche en reproduction et fertilité (CRRF), Faculté de médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec J2S 7C6, Canada
| | - Daniel J Bernard
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3G 1Y6, Canada
| | - Gustavo Zamberlam
- Centre de recherche en reproduction et fertilité (CRRF), Faculté de médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec J2S 7C6, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
98
|
Sakabe M, Thompson M, Chen N, Verba M, Hassan A, Lu R, Xin M. Inhibition of β1-AR/Gαs signaling promotes cardiomyocyte proliferation in juvenile mice through activation of RhoA-YAP axis. eLife 2022; 11:74576. [PMID: 36479975 PMCID: PMC9767473 DOI: 10.7554/elife.74576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The regeneration potential of the mammalian heart is incredibly limited, as cardiomyocyte proliferation ceases shortly after birth. β-adrenergic receptor (β-AR) blockade has been shown to improve heart functions in response to injury; however, the underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood. Here, we inhibited β-AR signaling in the heart using metoprolol, a cardio-selective β blocker for β1-adrenergic receptor (β1-AR) to examine its role in heart maturation and regeneration in postnatal mice. We found that metoprolol enhanced cardiomyocyte proliferation and promoted cardiac regeneration post myocardial infarction, resulting in reduced scar formation and improved cardiac function. Moreover, the increased cardiomyocyte proliferation was also induced by the genetic deletion of Gnas, the gene encoding G protein alpha subunit (Gαs), a downstream effector of β-AR. Genome wide transcriptome analysis revealed that the Hippo-effector YAP, which is associated with immature cardiomyocyte proliferation, was upregulated in the cardiomyocytes of β-blocker treated and Gnas cKO hearts. Moreover, the increased YAP activity is modulated by RhoA signaling. Our pharmacological and genetic studies reveal that β1-AR-Gαs-YAP signaling axis is involved in regulating postnatal cardiomyocyte proliferation. These results suggest that inhibiting β-AR-Gαs signaling promotes the regenerative capacity and extends the cardiac regenerative window in juvenile mice by activating YAP-mediated transcriptional programs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Masahide Sakabe
- Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical CenterCincinnatiUnited States,Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of CincinnatiCincinnatiUnited States
| | - Michael Thompson
- Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical CenterCincinnatiUnited States,Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of CincinnatiCincinnatiUnited States
| | - Nong Chen
- Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical CenterCincinnatiUnited States,Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of CincinnatiCincinnatiUnited States
| | - Mark Verba
- Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical CenterCincinnatiUnited States,Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of CincinnatiCincinnatiUnited States
| | - Aishlin Hassan
- Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical CenterCincinnatiUnited States,Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of CincinnatiCincinnatiUnited States
| | - Richard Lu
- Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical CenterCincinnatiUnited States,Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of CincinnatiCincinnatiUnited States
| | - Mei Xin
- Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical CenterCincinnatiUnited States,Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of CincinnatiCincinnatiUnited States
| |
Collapse
|
99
|
Limyati Y, Sanjaya A, Lucretia T, Gunadi JW, Biben V, Jasaputra DK, Lesmana R. Potential Role of Exercise in Regulating YAP and TAZ During Cardiomyocytes Aging. Curr Cardiol Rev 2022; 18:24-33. [PMID: 35379136 PMCID: PMC9896415 DOI: 10.2174/1573403x18666220404152924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Revised: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Adaptation of cardiac muscle to regular exercise results in morphological and structural changes known as physiological cardiac hypertrophy, to which the Hippo signaling pathway might have contributed. Two major terminal effectors in the Hippo signaling pathway are Yes-associated protein (YAP) and its homolog transcriptional coactivator with PDZ-binding motif (TAZ). The latest studies have reported the role of YAP and TAZ in different life stages, such as in fetal, neonatal, and adult hearts. Their regulation might involve several mechanisms and effectors. One of the possible coregulators is exercise. Exercise plays a role in cardiomyocyte hypertrophic changes during different stages of life, including in aged hearts. YAP/TAZ signaling pathway has a role in physiological cardiac hypertrophy induced by exercise and is associated with cardiac remodelling. Thus, it can be believed that exercise has roles in activating the signaling pathway of YAP and TAZ in aged cardiomyocytes. However, the studies regarding the roles of YAP and TAZ during cardiomyocyte aging are limited. The primary purpose of this review is to explore the response of cardiovascular aging to exercise via signaling pathway of YAP and TAZ.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yenni Limyati
- Address correspondence to this author at the Postgraduate Doctoral Program Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, West Java, 40161; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Unggul Karsa Medika Hospital, Bandung, West Java, 40218; Department of Clinical Skills, Faculty of Medicine, Maranatha Christian University, Bandung, West Java, 40164, Indonesia; Tel/Fax: +62222012186, +62222017621;
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
100
|
Díaz del Moral S, Benaouicha M, Muñoz-Chápuli R, Carmona R. The Insulin-like Growth Factor Signalling Pathway in Cardiac Development and Regeneration. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 23:ijms23010234. [PMID: 35008660 PMCID: PMC8745665 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23010234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Revised: 12/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Insulin and Insulin-like growth factors (IGFs) perform key roles during embryonic development, regulating processes of cell proliferation and survival. The IGF signalling pathway comprises two IGFs (IGF1, IGF2), two IGF receptors (IGFR1, IGFR2), and six IGF binding proteins (IGFBPs) that regulate IGF transport and availability. The IGF signalling pathway is essential for cardiac development. IGF2 is the primary mitogen inducing ventricular cardiomyocyte proliferation and morphogenesis of the compact myocardial wall. Conditional deletion of the Igf1r and the insulin receptor (Insr) genes in the myocardium results in decreased cardiomyocyte proliferation and ventricular wall hypoplasia. The significance of the IGF signalling pathway during embryonic development has led to consider it as a candidate for adult cardiac repair and regeneration. In fact, paracrine IGF2 plays a key role in the transient regenerative ability of the newborn mouse heart. We aimed to review the current knowledge about the role played by the IGF signalling pathway during cardiac development and also the clinical potential of recapitulating this developmental axis in regeneration of the adult heart.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Díaz del Moral
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Málaga (IBIMA), Department of Animal Biology, Andalusian Center for Nanomedicine and Biotechnology (BIONAND), Faculty of Science, University of Málaga, 29071 Malaga, Spain; (S.D.d.M.); (M.B.); (R.M.-C.)
| | - Maha Benaouicha
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Málaga (IBIMA), Department of Animal Biology, Andalusian Center for Nanomedicine and Biotechnology (BIONAND), Faculty of Science, University of Málaga, 29071 Malaga, Spain; (S.D.d.M.); (M.B.); (R.M.-C.)
| | - Ramón Muñoz-Chápuli
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Málaga (IBIMA), Department of Animal Biology, Andalusian Center for Nanomedicine and Biotechnology (BIONAND), Faculty of Science, University of Málaga, 29071 Malaga, Spain; (S.D.d.M.); (M.B.); (R.M.-C.)
| | - Rita Carmona
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Málaga (IBIMA), Department of Animal Biology, Andalusian Center for Nanomedicine and Biotechnology (BIONAND), Faculty of Science, University of Málaga, 29071 Malaga, Spain; (S.D.d.M.); (M.B.); (R.M.-C.)
- Department of Human Anatomy and Embryology, Legal Medicine and History of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Málaga, 29071 Malaga, Spain
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|