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Laitman BM, Cruz-Encarnacion P, Gordon RE, Genden EM. Case Report: Human Tracheal Transplantation Undergoes Progressive Reepithelialization Over Time. Laryngoscope 2024; 134:2664-2671. [PMID: 37975487 DOI: 10.1002/lary.31170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Tracheal transplantation is an ideal option for the reconstruction of long-segment circumferential tracheal defects. Our group performed the first successful vascularized single-staged tracheal transplantation in January 2021. Although a rigid biocompatible structure is necessary for a functioning tracheal replacement, the importance of ciliated epithelium, which allows for critical mucociliary clearance, is now being appreciated. Here, we examined the histological changes of the first single-staged human tracheal transplant from serial endoscopic biopsies. METHODS Biopsies of the tracheal mucosa were serially obtained since the time of the tracheal transplantation. Samples were examined via hematoxylin and eosin, electron microscopy, and immunohistochemistry. RESULTS One week after transplantation, there is loss of ciliated epithelium and seromucinous cells, with only a basal layer of epithelium remaining. By 2 weeks, however, the epithelium begins to recover, albeit differently depending on the location of the biopsy. Near the site of tracheal anastomosis, there is epithelial proliferation, with the appearance of early ciliated cells. However, in the midgraft, there appears to be evidence of squamous metaplasia. Over time, however, normal ciliated epithelium and mucous cells appear without signs of chronic inflammation. CONCLUSIONS Critically, the tracheal allograft regained normal appearing respiratory epithelium after initial ischemic injury. The histologic differences at the midgraft versus anastomosis may suggest unique mechanisms of reepithelialization. At the recipient-donor interface, there may be a faster direct migration of recipient-derived epithelial cells, in line with preclinical studies. The midgraft, in contrast, responds with epithelial proliferation from the donor basal cells or dedifferentiated mucous cells. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE N/A Laryngoscope, 134:2664-2671, 2024.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin M Laitman
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, U.S.A
| | - Pamela Cruz-Encarnacion
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, U.S.A
| | - Ronald E Gordon
- Department of Pathology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, U.S.A
| | - Eric M Genden
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, U.S.A
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2
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Meliambro K, Yang Y, de Cos M, Rodriguez Ballestas E, Malkin C, Haydak J, Lee JR, Salem F, Mariani LH, Gordon RE, Basgen JM, Wen HH, Fu J, Azeloglu EU, He JC, Wong JS, Campbell KN. KIBRA upregulation increases susceptibility to podocyte injury and glomerular disease progression. JCI Insight 2023; 8:e165002. [PMID: 36853804 PMCID: PMC10132156 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.165002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite recent progress in the identification of mediators of podocyte injury, mechanisms underlying podocyte loss remain poorly understood, and cell-specific therapy is lacking. We previously reported that kidney and brain expressed protein (KIBRA), encoded by WWC1, promotes podocyte injury in vitro through activation of the Hippo signaling pathway. KIBRA expression is increased in the glomeruli of patients with focal segmental glomerulosclerosis, and KIBRA depletion in vivo is protective against acute podocyte injury. Here, we tested the consequences of transgenic podocyte-specific WWC1 expression in immortalized human podocytes and in mice, and we explored the association between glomerular WWC1 expression and glomerular disease progression. We found that KIBRA overexpression in immortalized human podocytes promoted cytoplasmic localization of Yes-associated protein (YAP), induced actin cytoskeletal reorganization, and altered focal adhesion expression and morphology. WWC1-transgenic (KIBRA-overexpressing) mice were more susceptible to acute and chronic glomerular injury, with evidence of YAP inhibition in vivo. Of clinical relevance, glomerular WWC1 expression negatively correlated with renal survival among patients with primary glomerular diseases. These findings highlight the importance of KIBRA/YAP signaling to the regulation of podocyte structural integrity and identify KIBRA-mediated injury as a potential target for podocyte-specific therapy in glomerular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristin Meliambro
- Division of Nephrology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Yanfeng Yang
- Division of Nephrology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Marina de Cos
- Division of Nephrology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | | | - Caroline Malkin
- Division of Nephrology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Jonathan Haydak
- Division of Nephrology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - John R. Lee
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Fadi Salem
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida, USA
| | - Laura H. Mariani
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Ronald E. Gordon
- Department of Pathology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - John M. Basgen
- Stereology and Morphometry Laboratory, Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Huei Hsun Wen
- Division of Nephrology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Jia Fu
- Division of Nephrology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Evren U. Azeloglu
- Division of Nephrology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - John Cijiang He
- Division of Nephrology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Jenny S. Wong
- Division of Nephrology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Kirk N. Campbell
- Division of Nephrology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
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3
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Xie Y, E J, Cai H, Zhong F, Xiao W, Gordon RE, Wang L, Zheng YL, Zhang A, Lee K, He JC. Reticulon-1A mediates diabetic kidney disease progression through endoplasmic reticulum-mitochondrial contacts in tubular epithelial cells. Kidney Int 2022; 102:293-306. [PMID: 35469894 PMCID: PMC9329239 DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2022.02.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2021] [Revised: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Recent epidemiological studies suggest that some patients with diabetes progress to kidney failure without significant albuminuria and glomerular injury, suggesting a critical role of kidney tubular epithelial cell (TEC) injury in diabetic kidney disease (DKD) progression. However, the major risk factors contributing to TEC injury and progression in DKD remain unclear. We previously showed that expression of endoplasmic reticulum-resident protein Reticulon-1A (RTN1A) increased in human DKD, and the increased RTN1A expression promoted TEC injury through endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress response. Here, we show that TEC-specific RTN1A overexpression worsened DKD in mice, evidenced by enhanced tubular injury, tubulointerstitial fibrosis, and kidney function decline. But RTN1A overexpression did not exacerbate diabetes-induced glomerular injury or albuminuria. Notably, RTN1A overexpression worsened both ER stress and mitochondrial dysfunction in TECs under diabetic conditions by regulation of ER-mitochondria contacts. Mechanistically, ER-bound RTN1A interacted with mitochondrial hexokinase-1 and the voltage-dependent anion channel-1 (VDAC1), interfering with their association. This disengagement of VDAC1 from hexokinase-1 resulted in activation of apoptotic and inflammasome pathways, leading to TEC injury and loss. Thus, our observations highlight the importance of ER-mitochondrial crosstalk in TEC injury and the salient role of RTN1A-mediated ER-mitochondrial contact regulation in DKD progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Xie
- Department of Medicine, Nephrology Division, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York; Department of Nephrology, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jing E
- Department of Medicine, Nephrology Division, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York; Department of Nephrology, Ningxia People's Hospital, Ningxia, China
| | - Hong Cai
- Department of Medicine, Nephrology Division, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York; Department of Nephrology, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University Medical School, Shanghai, China
| | - Fang Zhong
- Department of Medicine, Nephrology Division, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York
| | - Wenzhen Xiao
- Department of Medicine, Nephrology Division, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York
| | - Ronald E Gordon
- Department of Pathology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York
| | - Lois Wang
- Department of Medicine, Nephrology Division, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York
| | - Ya-Li Zheng
- Department of Nephrology, Ningxia People's Hospital, Ningxia, China
| | - Aihua Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Kyung Lee
- Department of Medicine, Nephrology Division, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York.
| | - John Cijiang He
- Department of Medicine, Nephrology Division, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York; Renal Section, James J. Peters Veterans Affair Medical Center, Bronx, NY.
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4
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Wang L, Xu Y, Zhang L, Kang K, Kobryn A, Portman K, Gordon RE, Pan PY, Taioli E, Aaronson SA, Chen SH, Mulholland DJ. World Trade Center dust exposure promotes cancer in PTEN-deficient mouse prostates. Cancer Res Commun 2022; 2:518-532. [PMID: 35911788 PMCID: PMC9336209 DOI: 10.1158/2767-9764.crc-21-0111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Revised: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
During the 9/11 attacks individuals were exposed to World Trade Center (WTC) dust which contained a complex mixture of carcinogens. Epidemiological studies have revealed the increased incidence of prostate and thyroid cancer in WTC survivors and responders. While reports have shown that WTC-dust associates with the increased prevalence of inflammatory related disorders, studies to date have not determined whether this exposure impacts cancer progression. In this study, we have used genetically engineered mouse (GEM) models with prostate specific deletion of the PTEN tumor suppressor to study the impact of WTC-dust exposure on deposition of dust particles, inflammation, and cancer progression. In normal C57/BL6 mice, dust exposure increased cellular expression of inflammatory genes with highest levels in the lung and peripheral blood. In normal and tumor bearing GEM mice, increased immune cell infiltration to the lungs was observed. Pathological evaluation of mice at different time points showed that WTC-dust exposure promoted PI3K-AKT activation, increased epithelial proliferation and acinar invasion in prostates with heterozygous and homozygous Pten loss. Using autochthonous and transplant GEM models of prostate cancer we demonstrated that dust exposure caused reduced survival as compared to control cohorts. Finally, we used imaging mass cytometry (IMC) to detect elevated immune cell infiltration and cellular expression of inflammatory markers in prostate tumors isolated from human WTC survivors. Collectively, our study shows that chronic inflammation, induced by WTC dust exposure, promotes more aggressive cancer in genetically predisposed prostates and potentially in patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Wang
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Yitian Xu
- Center for Immunotherapy Research, Cancer Center of Excellence, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, Texas
| | - Licheng Zhang
- Center for Immunotherapy Research, Cancer Center of Excellence, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, Texas
| | - Kyeongah Kang
- Center for Immunotherapy Research, Cancer Center of Excellence, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, Texas
| | - Andriy Kobryn
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Kensey Portman
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Ronald E Gordon
- Department of Pathology, Icahn School of Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Ping-Ying Pan
- Center for Immunotherapy Research, Cancer Center of Excellence, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, Texas
| | - Emanuela Taioli
- Institute for Translational Epidemiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
- Tisch Cancer Institute, New York, New York
| | - Stuart A Aaronson
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
- Tisch Cancer Institute, New York, New York
| | - Shu-Hsia Chen
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
- Center for Immunotherapy Research, Cancer Center of Excellence, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, Texas
| | - David J Mulholland
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
- Tisch Cancer Institute, New York, New York
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5
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Bowles KR, Silva MC, Whitney K, Bertucci T, Berlind JE, Lai JD, Garza JC, Boles NC, Mahali S, Strang KH, Marsh JA, Chen C, Pugh DA, Liu Y, Gordon RE, Goderie SK, Chowdhury R, Lotz S, Lane K, Crary JF, Haggarty SJ, Karch CM, Ichida JK, Goate AM, Temple S. ELAVL4, splicing, and glutamatergic dysfunction precede neuron loss in MAPT mutation cerebral organoids. Cell 2021; 184:4547-4563.e17. [PMID: 34314701 PMCID: PMC8635409 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2021.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2021] [Revised: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Frontotemporal dementia (FTD) because of MAPT mutation causes pathological accumulation of tau and glutamatergic cortical neuronal death by unknown mechanisms. We used human induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived cerebral organoids expressing tau-V337M and isogenic corrected controls to discover early alterations because of the mutation that precede neurodegeneration. At 2 months, mutant organoids show upregulated expression of MAPT, glutamatergic signaling pathways, and regulators, including the RNA-binding protein ELAVL4, and increased stress granules. Over the following 4 months, mutant organoids accumulate splicing changes, disruption of autophagy function, and build-up of tau and P-tau-S396. By 6 months, tau-V337M organoids show specific loss of glutamatergic neurons as seen in individuals with FTD. Mutant neurons are susceptible to glutamate toxicity, which can be rescued pharmacologically by the PIKFYVE kinase inhibitor apilimod. Our results demonstrate a sequence of events that precede neurodegeneration, revealing molecular pathways associated with glutamate signaling as potential targets for therapeutic intervention in FTD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn R Bowles
- Ronald M. Loeb Center for Alzheimer's Disease, Friedman Brain Institute, Departments of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Neuroscience, and Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai (ISMMS), New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - M Catarina Silva
- Chemical Neurobiology Laboratory, Center for Genomic Medicine, Departments of Neurology and Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Kristen Whitney
- Ronald M. Loeb Center for Alzheimer's Disease, Friedman Brain Institute, Departments of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Neuroscience, and Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai (ISMMS), New York, NY 10029, USA; Department of Pathology, Neuropathology Brain Bank and Research Core, ISMMS, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | | | - Joshua E Berlind
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Jesse D Lai
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA; Amgen Research, One Amgen Center Dr., Thousand Oaks, CA 91320, USA
| | - Jacob C Garza
- Chemical Neurobiology Laboratory, Center for Genomic Medicine, Departments of Neurology and Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | | | - Sidhartha Mahali
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Kevin H Strang
- Ronald M. Loeb Center for Alzheimer's Disease, Friedman Brain Institute, Departments of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Neuroscience, and Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai (ISMMS), New York, NY 10029, USA; Department of Pathology, Neuropathology Brain Bank and Research Core, ISMMS, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Jacob A Marsh
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Cynthia Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Derian A Pugh
- Ronald M. Loeb Center for Alzheimer's Disease, Friedman Brain Institute, Departments of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Neuroscience, and Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai (ISMMS), New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Yiyuan Liu
- Ronald M. Loeb Center for Alzheimer's Disease, Friedman Brain Institute, Departments of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Neuroscience, and Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai (ISMMS), New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Ronald E Gordon
- Department of Pathology, Neuropathology Brain Bank and Research Core, ISMMS, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | | | | | - Steven Lotz
- Neural Stem Cell Institute, Rensselaer, NY 12144, USA
| | - Keith Lane
- Neural Stem Cell Institute, Rensselaer, NY 12144, USA
| | - John F Crary
- Department of Pathology, Neuropathology Brain Bank and Research Core, ISMMS, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Stephen J Haggarty
- Chemical Neurobiology Laboratory, Center for Genomic Medicine, Departments of Neurology and Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Celeste M Karch
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Justin K Ichida
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Alison M Goate
- Ronald M. Loeb Center for Alzheimer's Disease, Friedman Brain Institute, Departments of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Neuroscience, and Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai (ISMMS), New York, NY 10029, USA.
| | - Sally Temple
- Neural Stem Cell Institute, Rensselaer, NY 12144, USA.
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6
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Bryce C, Grimes Z, Pujadas E, Ahuja S, Beasley MB, Albrecht R, Hernandez T, Stock A, Zhao Z, AlRasheed MR, Chen J, Li L, Wang D, Corben A, Haines GK, Westra WH, Umphlett M, Gordon RE, Reidy J, Petersen B, Salem F, Fiel MI, El Jamal SM, Tsankova NM, Houldsworth J, Mussa Z, Veremis B, Sordillo E, Gitman MR, Nowak M, Brody R, Harpaz N, Merad M, Gnjatic S, Liu WC, Schotsaert M, Miorin L, Aydillo Gomez TA, Ramos-Lopez I, Garcia-Sastre A, Donnelly R, Seigler P, Keys C, Cameron J, Moultrie I, Washington KL, Treatman J, Sebra R, Jhang J, Firpo A, Lednicky J, Paniz-Mondolfi A, Cordon-Cardo C, Fowkes ME. Pathophysiology of SARS-CoV-2: the Mount Sinai COVID-19 autopsy experience. Mod Pathol 2021; 34:1456-1467. [PMID: 33795830 PMCID: PMC8015313 DOI: 10.1038/s41379-021-00793-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 50.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Revised: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and its associated clinical syndrome COVID-19 are causing overwhelming morbidity and mortality around the globe and disproportionately affected New York City between March and May 2020. Here, we report on the first 100 COVID-19-positive autopsies performed at the Mount Sinai Hospital in New York City. Autopsies revealed large pulmonary emboli in six cases. Diffuse alveolar damage was present in over 90% of cases. We also report microthrombi in multiple organ systems including the brain, as well as hemophagocytosis. We additionally provide electron microscopic evidence of the presence of the virus in our samples. Laboratory results of our COVID-19 cohort disclose elevated inflammatory markers, abnormal coagulation values, and elevated cytokines IL-6, IL-8, and TNFα. Our autopsy series of COVID-19-positive patients reveals that this disease, often conceptualized as a primarily respiratory viral illness, has widespread effects in the body including hypercoagulability, a hyperinflammatory state, and endothelial dysfunction. Targeting of these multisystemic pathways could lead to new treatment avenues as well as combination therapies against SARS-CoV-2 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clare Bryce
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Zachary Grimes
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Sadhna Ahuja
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Randy Albrecht
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Aryeh Stock
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Zhen Zhao
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Joyce Chen
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Li Li
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Diane Wang
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Adriana Corben
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Jason Reidy
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Bruce Petersen
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Fadi Salem
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Zarmeen Mussa
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | | | | | | | - Michael Nowak
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Rachel Brody
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Noam Harpaz
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Miriam Merad
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sacha Gnjatic
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Wen-Chun Liu
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Lisa Miorin
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | | | | | | | - Ryan Donnelly
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Calvin Keys
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Robert Sebra
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jeffrey Jhang
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Adolfo Firpo
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | | | | | | | - Mary E Fowkes
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
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7
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Satturwar S, Fowkes M, Farver C, Wilson AM, Eccher A, Girolami I, Pujadas E, Bryce C, Salem F, El Jamal SM, Paniz-Mondolfi A, Petersen B, Gordon RE, Reidy J, Fraggetta F, Marshall DA, Pantanowitz L. Postmortem Findings Associated With SARS-CoV-2: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Am J Surg Pathol 2021; 45:587-603. [PMID: 33481385 PMCID: PMC8132567 DOI: 10.1097/pas.0000000000001650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by the novel Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome-associated Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has become a global threat to public health. COVID-19 is more pathogenic and infectious than the prior 2002 pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-1. The pathogenesis of certain disease manifestations in COVID-19 such as diffuse alveolar damage (DAD) are thought to be similar to SARS-CoV-1. However, the exact pathogenesis of COVID-19 related deaths remains poorly understood. The aim of this article was to systematically summarize the rapidly emerging literature regarding COVID-19 autopsies. A meta-analysis was also conducted based on data accrued from preprint and published articles on COVID-19 (n=241 patients) and the results compared with postmortem findings associated with SARS-CoV-1 deaths (n=91 patients). Both autopsy groups included mostly adults of median age 70 years with COVID-19 and 50 years with SARS-CoV-1. Overall, prevalence of DAD was more common in SARS-CoV-1 (100.0%) than COVID-19 (80.9%) autopsies (P=0.001). Extrapulmonary findings among both groups were not statistically significant except for hepatic necrosis (P <0.001), splenic necrosis (P<0.006) and white pulp depletion (P <0.001) that were more common with SARS-CoV-1. Remarkable postmortem findings in association with COVID-19 apart from DAD include pulmonary hemorrhage, viral cytopathic effect within pneumocytes, thromboembolism, brain infarction, endotheliitis, acute renal tubular damage, white pulp depletion of the spleen, cardiac myocyte necrosis, megakaryocyte recruitment, and hemophagocytosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swati Satturwar
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Mary Fowkes
- Department of Pathology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Carol Farver
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | | | - Albino Eccher
- Department of Pathology and Diagnostics, University and Hospital Trust of Verona, Verona
| | - Ilaria Girolami
- Department of Pathology and Diagnostics, University and Hospital Trust of Verona, Verona
| | - Elisabet Pujadas
- Department of Pathology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Clare Bryce
- Department of Pathology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Fadi Salem
- Department of Pathology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Siraj M. El Jamal
- Department of Pathology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | | | - Bruce Petersen
- Department of Pathology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Ronald E. Gordon
- Department of Pathology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Jason Reidy
- Department of Pathology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | | | - Desiree A. Marshall
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle, WA
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8
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Fiel MI, El Jamal SM, Paniz-Mondolfi A, Gordon RE, Reidy J, Bandovic J, Advani R, Kilaru S, Pourmand K, Ward S, Thung SN, Schiano T. Findings of Hepatic Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 Infection. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 2020; 11:763-770. [PMID: 32992052 PMCID: PMC7521427 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2020.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Revised: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Liver injury due to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is being increasingly recognized. Abnormal liver chemistry tests of varying severities occur in a majority of patients. However, there is a dearth of accompanying liver histologic studies in these patients. METHODS The current report details the clinical courses of 2 patients having severe COVID-19 hepatitis. Liver biopsies were analyzed under light microscopy, portions of liver tissue were hybridized with a target probe to the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 S gene, and small sections from formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded liver tissue were processed for electron microscopy. RESULTS The liver histology of both cases showed a mixed inflammatory infiltrate with prominent bile duct damage, endotheliitis, and many apoptotic bodies. In situ hybridization and electron microscopy suggest the intrahepatic presence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2, the findings of which may indicate the possibility of direct cell injury. CONCLUSIONS On the basis of the abundant apoptosis and severe cholangiocyte injury, these histopathologic changes suggest a direct cytopathic injury. Furthermore, some of the histopathologic changes may resemble acute cellular rejection occurring after liver transplantation. These 2 cases demonstrate that severe COVID-19 hepatitis can occur even in the absence of significant involvement of other organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Isabel Fiel
- Department of Pathology, Molecular and Cell-Based Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York.
| | - Siraj M El Jamal
- Department of Pathology, Molecular and Cell-Based Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Alberto Paniz-Mondolfi
- Department of Pathology, Molecular and Cell-Based Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Ronald E Gordon
- Department of Pathology, Molecular and Cell-Based Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Jason Reidy
- Department of Pathology, Molecular and Cell-Based Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Jela Bandovic
- Department of Pathology and Division of Gastroenterology, State University of New York, Stony Brook Medical Center, Stony Brook, New York
| | - Rashmi Advani
- Department of Pathology and Division of Gastroenterology, State University of New York, Stony Brook Medical Center, Stony Brook, New York
| | - Saikiran Kilaru
- Division of Liver Diseases and Recanati-Miller Transplant Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Kamron Pourmand
- Division of Liver Diseases and Recanati-Miller Transplant Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Stephen Ward
- Department of Pathology, Molecular and Cell-Based Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Swan N Thung
- Department of Pathology, Molecular and Cell-Based Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Thomas Schiano
- Division of Liver Diseases and Recanati-Miller Transplant Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
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9
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Rodriguez P, Sassi Y, Troncone L, Benard L, Ishikawa K, Gordon RE, Lamas S, Laborda J, Hajjar RJ, Lebeche D. Deletion of delta-like 1 homologue accelerates fibroblast-myofibroblast differentiation and induces myocardial fibrosis. Eur Heart J 2020; 40:967-978. [PMID: 29668883 DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehy188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2017] [Revised: 02/14/2018] [Accepted: 03/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Myocardial fibrosis is associated with profound changes in ventricular architecture and geometry, resulting in diminished cardiac function. There is currently no information on the role of the delta-like homologue 1 (Dlk1) in the regulation of the fibrotic response. Here, we investigated whether Dlk1 is involved in cardiac fibroblast-to-myofibroblast differentiation and regulates myocardial fibrosis and explored the molecular mechanism underpinning its effects in this process. METHODS AND RESULTS Using Dlk1-knockout mice and adenoviral gene delivery, we demonstrate that overexpression of Dlk1 in cardio-fibroblasts resulted in inhibition of fibroblast proliferation and differentiation into myofibroblasts. This process is mediated by TGF-β1 signalling, since isolated fibroblasts lacking Dlk1 exhibited a higher activation of the TGF-β1/Smad-3 pathway at baseline, leading to an earlier acquisition of a myofibroblast phenotype. Likewise, Dlk1-null mice displayed increased TGF-β1/Smad3 cardiac activity, resulting in infiltration/accumulation of myofibroblasts, induction and deposition of extra-domain A-fibronectin isoform and collagen, and activation of pro-fibrotic markers. Furthermore, these profibrotic events were associated with disrupted myofibril integrity, myocyte hypertrophy, and cardiac dysfunction. Interestingly, Dlk1 expression was down-regulated in ischaemic human and porcine heart tissues. Mechanistically, miR-370 mediated Dlk1's regulation of cardiac fibroblast-myofibroblast differentiation by directly targeting TGFβ-R2/Smad-3 signalling, while the Dlk1 canonical target, Notch pathway, does not seem to play a role in this process. CONCLUSION These findings are the first to demonstrate an inhibitory role of Dlk1 of cardiac fibroblast-to-myofibroblast differentiation by interfering with TGFβ/Smad-3 signalling in the myocardium. Given the deleterious effects of continuous activation of this pathway, we propose Dlk1 as a new potential candidate for therapy in cases where aberrant TGFβ signalling leads to chronic fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yassine Sassi
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Institute
| | - Luca Troncone
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Institute
| | - Ludovic Benard
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Institute
| | | | - Ronald E Gordon
- Department of Pathology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY, USA
| | - Santiago Lamas
- Centro de Biología Molecular 'Severo Ochoa' (CSIC-UAM), Nicolás Cabrera 1, Campus UAM, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jorge Laborda
- Department of Inorganic and Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Pharmacy School/Biomedical Unit/CRIB, University of Castilla-La Mancha/CSIC, Dr. José María Sánchez Ibáñez Street, s/n Albacete, Spain
| | - Roger J Hajjar
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Institute
| | - Djamel Lebeche
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Institute
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10
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Ge X, Zhang T, Yu X, Muwonge AN, Anandakrishnan N, Wong NJ, Haydak JC, Reid JM, Fu J, Wong JS, Bhattacharya S, Cuttitta CM, Zhong F, Gordon RE, Salem F, Janssen W, Hone JC, Zhang A, Li H, He JC, Gusella GL, Campbell KN, Azeloglu EU. LIM-Nebulette Reinforces Podocyte Structural Integrity by Linking Actin and Vimentin Filaments. J Am Soc Nephrol 2020; 31:2372-2391. [PMID: 32737144 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2019121261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 06/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Maintenance of the intricate interdigitating morphology of podocytes is crucial for glomerular filtration. One of the key aspects of specialized podocyte morphology is the segregation and organization of distinct cytoskeletal filaments into different subcellular components, for which the exact mechanisms remain poorly understood. METHODS Cells from rats, mice, and humans were used to describe the cytoskeletal configuration underlying podocyte structure. Screening the time-dependent proteomic changes in the rat puromycin aminonucleoside-induced nephropathy model correlated the actin-binding protein LIM-nebulette strongly with glomerular function. Single-cell RNA sequencing and immunogold labeling were used to determine Nebl expression specificity in podocytes. Automated high-content imaging, super-resolution microscopy, atomic force microscopy (AFM), live-cell imaging of calcium, and measurement of motility and adhesion dynamics characterized the physiologic role of LIM-nebulette in podocytes. RESULTS Nebl knockout mice have increased susceptibility to adriamycin-induced nephropathy and display morphologic, cytoskeletal, and focal adhesion abnormalities with altered calcium dynamics, motility, and Rho GTPase activity. LIM-nebulette expression is decreased in diabetic nephropathy and FSGS patients at both the transcript and protein level. In mice, rats, and humans, LIM-nebulette expression is localized to primary, secondary, and tertiary processes of podocytes, where it colocalizes with focal adhesions as well as with vimentin fibers. LIM-nebulette shRNA knockdown in immortalized human podocytes leads to dysregulation of vimentin filament organization and reduced cellular elasticity as measured by AFM indentation. CONCLUSIONS LIM-nebulette is a multifunctional cytoskeletal protein that is critical in the maintenance of podocyte structural integrity through active reorganization of focal adhesions, the actin cytoskeleton, and intermediate filaments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuhua Ge
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Tao Zhang
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Xiaoxia Yu
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Alecia N Muwonge
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Nanditha Anandakrishnan
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Nicholas J Wong
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Jonathan C Haydak
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Jordan M Reid
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Jia Fu
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Jenny S Wong
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Smiti Bhattacharya
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York.,Department of Mechanical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Christina M Cuttitta
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Fang Zhong
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Ronald E Gordon
- Department of Pathology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Fadi Salem
- Department of Pathology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - William Janssen
- Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - James C Hone
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Aihua Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hong Li
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Rutgers University-New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey
| | - John C He
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York.,Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - G Luca Gusella
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Kirk N Campbell
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Evren U Azeloglu
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York .,Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
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11
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Paniz-Mondolfi A, Bryce C, Grimes Z, Gordon RE, Reidy J, Lednicky J, Sordillo EM, Fowkes M. Central nervous system involvement by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). J Med Virol 2020; 92:699-702. [PMID: 32314810 PMCID: PMC7264598 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.25915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 643] [Impact Index Per Article: 160.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Neurologic sequelae can be devastating complications of respiratory viral infections. We report the presence of virus in neural and capillary endothelial cells in frontal lobe tissue obtained at postmortem examination from a patient infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus‐2 (SARS‐CoV‐2). Our observations of virus in neural tissue, in conjunction with clinical correlates of worsening neurologic symptoms, pave the way to a closer understanding of the pathogenic mechanisms underlying central nervous system involvement by SARS‐CoV‐2. The clinical spectrum of COVID-19 has expanded to include neurologic manifestations such as anosmia, ageusia, ataxia and seizures, suggesting that SARS-CoV-2 may also be neurotropic. Ultrastructural analysis of tissue from this case revealed the presence of viral-like particles in brain and capillary endothelium, which was further confirmed by molecular testing for SARS-CoV-2. This case provides first evidence for the potential direct propagation and presence of SARS-CoV-2 in human brain tissue. These findings have direct implications for neurologic clinical practice and should raise awareness amongst physicians managing SARS-CoV-2-infected patients with CNS symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Paniz-Mondolfi
- Department of Pathology, Molecular and Cell-Based Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, New York
| | - Clare Bryce
- Department of Pathology, Molecular and Cell-Based Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, New York
| | - Zachary Grimes
- Department of Pathology, Molecular and Cell-Based Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, New York
| | - Ronald E Gordon
- Department of Pathology, Molecular and Cell-Based Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, New York
| | - Jason Reidy
- Department of Pathology, Molecular and Cell-Based Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, New York
| | - John Lednicky
- Department of Environmental and Global Health, College of Public Health and Health Professions, Emerging Pathogens Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Emilia Mia Sordillo
- Department of Pathology, Molecular and Cell-Based Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, New York
| | - Mary Fowkes
- Department of Pathology, Molecular and Cell-Based Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, New York
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12
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Oh JG, Lee P, Gordon RE, Sahoo S, Kho C, Jeong D. Analysis of extracellular vesicle miRNA profiles in heart failure. J Cell Mol Med 2020; 24:7214-7227. [PMID: 32485073 PMCID: PMC7339231 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.15251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2019] [Revised: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have recently emerged as an important carrier for various genetic materials including microRNAs (miRs). Growing evidences suggested that several miRs transported by EVs were particularly involved in modulating cardiac function. However, it has remained unclear what miRs are enriched in EVs and play an important role in the pathological condition. Therefore, we established the miR expression profiles in EVs from murine normal and failing hearts and consecutively identified substantially altered miRs. In addition, we have performed bioinformatics approach to predict potential cardiac outcomes through the identification of miR targets. Conclusively, we observed approximately 63% of predicted targets were validated with previous reports. Notably, the predicted targets by this approach were often involved in both beneficial and malicious signalling pathways, which may reflect heterogeneous cellular origins of EVs in tissues. Lastly, there has been an active debate on U6 whether it is a proper control. Through further analysis of EV miR profiles, miR‐676 was identified as a superior reference control due to its consistent and abundant expressions. In summary, our results contribute to identifying specific EV miRs for the potential therapeutic targets in heart failure and suggest that miR‐676 as a new reference control for the EV miR studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae Gyun Oh
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Philyoung Lee
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ronald E Gordon
- Pathology Department, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Susmita Sahoo
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Changwon Kho
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.,Division of Applied Medicine, School of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University, Republic of Korea
| | - Dongtak Jeong
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
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13
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Grimes Z, Bryce C, Sordillo EM, Gordon RE, Reidy J, Paniz Mondolfi AE, Fowkes M. Fatal Pulmonary Thromboembolism in SARS-CoV-2-Infection. Cardiovasc Pathol 2020; 48:107227. [PMID: 32718733 PMCID: PMC7214296 DOI: 10.1016/j.carpath.2020.107227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Accepted: 04/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Zachary Grimes
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Clare Bryce
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | | | - Ronald E Gordon
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Jason Reidy
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | | | - Mary Fowkes
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
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14
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Rand JH, Glanville RW, Wu XX, Ross JM, Zangari M, Gordon RE, Schwartz E, Potter BJ. The Significance of Subendothelial von Willebrand Factor. Thromb Haemost 2018. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0038-1657567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jacob H Rand
- Department of Medicine, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Robert W Glanville
- Department of Research, Shriners Hospital for Crippled Children, Portland, OR
| | - Xiao-Xuan Wu
- Department of Medicine, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Julia M Ross
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD
| | - Maurizio Zangari
- Department of Medicine, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Ronald E Gordon
- Department of Pathology, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Elaine Schwartz
- Department of Dermatology, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Barry J Potter
- Alcohol Research Center, Department of Physiology, Louisiana State University Medical Center, New Orleans, LA, USA
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15
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Lipson SM, Karalis G, Karthikeyan L, Ozen FS, Gordon RE, Ponnala S, Bao J, Samarrai W, Wolfe E. Mechanism of Anti-rotavirus Synergistic Activity by Epigallocatechin Gallate and a Proanthocyanidin-Containing Nutraceutical. Food Environ Virol 2017; 9:434-443. [PMID: 28466464 DOI: 10.1007/s12560-017-9299-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2017] [Accepted: 04/19/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) of green tea and the nutraceutical CystiCran®-40 (containing 40% proanthocyanidins) of the cranberry plant have been associated with antiviral activity. The purpose of this work was to determine the mechanism of antiviral synergy between each compound. Coliphage T4II (phage T4) and the rotavirus strain SA-11(RTV) were used as model virus systems. Individual and combined flavonoids structural and molecular weight analyses were performed by NMR and HPCL/MS, respectively. A suboptimal concentration of EGCG or C-40 alone or in combination reduced phage infectivity by ≤10%. Similarly, EGCG (30 µg/ml) and C-40 (25 µg/ml), respectively, reduced RTV titers by 3 and 13%. However, RTV titers were reduced by 32% (p < .05) with both flavonoids used in combination. RTV was not recognized in host cells by electron microscopy 24-h post-inoculation. NMR and HPLC/MS findings revealed significant structural and potential changes in molecular weight of the flavonoids in complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- S M Lipson
- Department of Biology, Health Promotions, and Health Care Management, St. Francis Colllege, 180 Remsen Street, Brooklyn Heights, NY, 11201, USA.
| | - G Karalis
- Department of Biology, Health Promotions, and Health Care Management, St. Francis Colllege, 180 Remsen Street, Brooklyn Heights, NY, 11201, USA
| | | | - F S Ozen
- Department of Biology, Health Promotions, and Health Care Management, St. Francis Colllege, 180 Remsen Street, Brooklyn Heights, NY, 11201, USA
| | - R E Gordon
- Mount Sinai Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - S Ponnala
- Department of Biology, Health Promotions, and Health Care Management, St. Francis Colllege, 180 Remsen Street, Brooklyn Heights, NY, 11201, USA
| | - J Bao
- Avomeen Analytical Services, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - W Samarrai
- NYC Collleg Technology, CUNY, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | - E Wolfe
- Department of Biology, Health Promotions, and Health Care Management, St. Francis Colllege, 180 Remsen Street, Brooklyn Heights, NY, 11201, USA
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16
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronald E Gordon
- a Department of Pathology , Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai , New York , NY , USA
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17
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Meliambro K, Wong JS, Ray J, Calizo RC, Towne S, Cole B, El Salem F, Gordon RE, Kaufman L, He JC, Azeloglu EU, Campbell KN. The Hippo pathway regulator KIBRA promotes podocyte injury by inhibiting YAP signaling and disrupting actin cytoskeletal dynamics. J Biol Chem 2017; 292:21137-21148. [PMID: 28982981 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m117.819029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Kidney podocytes represent a key constituent of the glomerular filtration barrier. Identifying the molecular mechanisms of podocyte injury and survival is important for better understanding and management of kidney diseases. KIBRA (kidney brain protein), an upstream regulator of the Hippo signaling pathway encoded by the Wwc1 gene, shares the pro-injury properties of its putative binding partner dendrin and antagonizes the pro-survival signaling of the downstream Hippo pathway effector YAP (Yes-associated protein) in Drosophila and MCF10A cells. We recently identified YAP as an essential component of the glomerular filtration barrier that promotes podocyte survival by inhibiting dendrin pro-apoptotic function. Despite these recent advances, the signaling pathways that mediate podocyte injury remain poorly understood. Here we tested the hypothesis that, similar to its role in other model systems, KIBRA promotes podocyte injury. We found increased expression of KIBRA and phosphorylated YAP protein in glomeruli of patients with biopsy-proven focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS). KIBRA/WWc1 overexpression in murine podocytes promoted LATS kinase phosphorylation, leading to subsequent YAP Ser-127 phosphorylation, YAP cytoplasmic sequestration, and reduction in YAP target gene expression. Functionally, KIBRA overexpression induced significant morphological changes in podocytes, including disruption of the actin cytoskeletal architecture and reduction of focal adhesion size and number, all of which were rescued by subsequent YAP overexpression. Conversely, constitutive KIBRA knockout mice displayed reduced phosphorylated YAP and increased YAP expression at baseline. These mice were protected from acute podocyte foot process effacement following protamine sulfate perfusion. KIBRA knockdown podocytes were also protected against protamine-induced injury. These findings suggest an important role for KIBRA in the pathogenesis of podocyte injury and the progression of proteinuric kidney disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Sara Towne
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, and
| | | | - Fadi El Salem
- Department of Pathology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10029
| | - Ronald E Gordon
- Department of Pathology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10029
| | | | - John C He
- From the Division of Nephrology.,Department of Pharmacological Sciences, and
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18
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Troncone L, Rodriguez P, Sassi Y, Benard L, Ishikawa K, Gordon RE, Lamas S, Laborda J, Hajjar RJ, Lebeche D. Abstract 271: Deletion of Delta-like 1 Homolog Accelerates Fibroblast-myofibroblast Differentiation and Induces Myocardial Fibrosis. Circ Res 2017. [DOI: 10.1161/res.121.suppl_1.271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Myocardial fibrosis is associated with profound changes in ventricular architecture and geometry, resulting in diminished cardiac function. Here we uncover that Delta-like homologue 1 (Dlk1), a paternally imprinted gene encoding a transmembrane protein belonging to the Epidermal Growth Factor (EGF)-like family, orchestrates the process of cardiac fibroblast to myofibroblast differentiation and controls myocardial fibrosis. We first show that cardiomyocytes and cardiac fibroblasts express different Dlk1 mRNA spliced variants and its absence accelerates fibroblast differentiation into myofibroblasts in vitro. Overexpression of Dlk1 in cardiac fibroblasts resulted in inhibition of fibroblast proliferation and differentiation into myofibroblasts. This process appears to be regulated by TGFβ-1 signaling, since fibroblasts lacking Dlk1 exhibited a higher activation of the TGFβ-1/Smad-3 pathway at baseline, leading to an earlier acquisition of the myofibroblast phenotype. Dlk1-null mice myocardium displayed increased TGFβ-1/Smad3 profibrotic activity, resulting in infiltration/accumulation of myofibroblasts, and induction and deposition of the extracellular matrix fibronectin extra domain A isoform and collagen, supporting a role for Dlk1 in cardiac fibrosis. Furthermore, these profibrotic events were associated with reduced myofibril integrity, myocyte hypertrophy and cardiac dysfunction. Interestingly, Dlk1 expression was downregulated in ischemic heart tissue from human patients and in the border and scar-zones of infarcted pigs’ hearts. This phenotype was paralleled by increased expression of the profibrotic markers, collagen I, lysyl oxidase and α-smooth muscle actin. Mechanistically, the inhibitory action of Dlk1 on cardiac fibroblast-myofibroblast differentiation is mediated by miR-370 direct targeting of TGFβ-R2/Smad-3 signaling in the myocardium. Given the deleterious effects of continuous activation of this pathway, we propose Dlk1 as a new potential candidate for therapy in cases where aberrant TGFβ signaling leads to chronic fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Santiago Lamas
- Cntr de Biologia Molecular "Severo Ochoa", Madrid, Spain
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19
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Abstract
Gastrointestinal autonomic nerve tumor (GANT) is an uncommon subtype of gastrointestinal stromal tumor that is morphologically similar to conventional stromal tumors but has ultrastructural features of neural differentiation. Of the approximately 58 cases of GANT reported to date, most have arisen in the small intestine or stomach, but none, to our knowledge, in the colon or rectum. Accordingly, we report the first case of colonic GANT and document its histologic, ultrastructural, and immunohistochemical characteristics. These were not unlike those of GANT arising elsewhere in the alimentary tract, including interlacing spindle cells, skenoid fibers, axonal cytoplasmic processes, dense core neurosecretory granules, and immunoreactivity to vimentin and NSE. The rarity of GANT in the large intestine should not preclude ultrastructural evaluation of colorectal stromal tumors for neural features.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ronald E. Gordon
- Lillian and Henry M. Stratton-Hans Popper Department of Pathology, The Mount Sinai Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - Philippe A. Chahinian
- Lillian and Henry M. Stratton-Hans Popper Department of Pathology, Division of Neoplastic Diseases, Department of Medicine, The Mount Sinai Medical Center, New York, NY
| | | | - Noam Harpaz
- Lillian and Henry M. Stratton-Hans Popper Department of Pathology, The Mount Sinai Medical Center, New York, NY
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20
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Abstract
A large hemorrhagic pheochromocytoma (275 g) is described in a 38-year-old obese woman who had no history of sustained or sporadic hypertension. The tumor was unusual histologically because of the striking presence of oncocytic cells. Immunohistochemical studies revealed the positivity for neuron-specific enolase, synaptophysin, and cytokeratin CAM 5.2. Electron microscopy demonstrated neurosecretory dense core granules characteristic of a pheochromocytoma. Oncocytic pheochromocytoma was briefly documented in previous case reports but has not been well recognized. The expression of cytokeratin by pheochromocytoma is also very rare and has been described in a single study in the literature. This case had both unusual clinical and pathologic manifestations and is the first report of a pheochromocytoma with coexistence of oncocytic changes and cytokeratin immunoreactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beverly Y. Wang
- The Lillian and Henry M. Stratton-Hans Popper Department of Pathology, The Mount Sinai Medical Center, New York, N.Y
| | - Lester Gabrilove
- Department of Medicine, The Mount Sinai Medical Center, New York, N.Y
| | | | | | - Pamela D. Unger
- The Lillian and Henry M. Stratton-Hans Popper Department of Pathology, The Mount Sinai Medical Center, New York, N.Y
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21
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Grisanti L, Revenkova E, Gordon RE, Iomini C. Primary cilia maintain corneal epithelial homeostasis by regulation of the Notch signaling pathway. J Cell Sci 2016. [DOI: 10.1242/jcs.193789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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22
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Grisanti L, Revenkova E, Gordon RE, Iomini C. Primary cilia maintain corneal epithelial homeostasis by regulation of the Notch signaling pathway. Development 2016; 143:2160-71. [PMID: 27122169 DOI: 10.1242/dev.132704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2015] [Accepted: 04/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Primary cilia have been linked to signaling pathways involved in cell proliferation, cell motility and cell polarity. Defects in ciliary function result in developmental abnormalities and multiple ciliopathies. Patients affected by severe ciliopathies, such as Meckel syndrome, present several ocular surface disease conditions of unclear pathogenesis. Here, we show that primary cilia are predominantly present on basal cells of the mouse corneal epithelium (CE) throughout development and in the adult. Conditional ablation of cilia in the CE leads to an increase in proliferation and vertical migration of basal corneal epithelial cells (CECs). A consequent increase in cell density of suprabasal layers results in a thicker than normal CE. Surprisingly, in cilia-deficient CE, cilia-mediated signaling pathways, including Hh and Wnt pathways, were not affected but the intensity of Notch signaling was severely diminished. Although Notch1 and Notch2 receptors were expressed normally, nuclear Notch1 intracellular domain (N1ICD) expression was severely reduced. Postnatal development analysis revealed that in cilia-deficient CECs downregulation of the Notch pathway precedes cell proliferation defects. Thus, we have uncovered a function of the primary cilium in maintaining homeostasis of the CE by balancing proliferation and vertical migration of basal CECs through modulation of Notch signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Grisanti
- Department of Ophthalmology and Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Ekaterina Revenkova
- Department of Ophthalmology and Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Ronald E Gordon
- Department of Pathology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Carlo Iomini
- Department of Ophthalmology and Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY 10029, USA Department of Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY 10029, USA
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Chaanine AH, Gordon RE, Nonnenmacher M, Kohlbrenner E, Benard L, Hajjar RJ. High-dose chloroquine is metabolically cardiotoxic by inducing lysosomes and mitochondria dysfunction in a rat model of pressure overload hypertrophy. Physiol Rep 2015; 3:3/7/e12413. [PMID: 26152691 PMCID: PMC4552516 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.12413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Autophagy, macroautophagy and chaperone-mediated autophagy (CMA), are upregulated in pressure overload (PO) hypertrophy. In this study, we targeted this process at its induction using 3 methyladenine and at the lysosomal level using chloroquine and evaluated the effects of these modulations on cardiac function and myocyte ultrastructure. Sprague–Dawley rats weighing 200 g were subjected to ascending aortic banding. After 1 week of PO, animals were randomized to receive 3 methyladenine versus chloroquine, intraperitoneally, for 2 weeks at a dose of 40 and 50 mg/kg/day, respectively. Saline injection was used as control. Chloroquine treatment, in PO, resulted in regression in cardiac hypertrophy but with significant impairments in cardiac relaxation and contractility. Ultrastructurally, chloroquine accentuated mitochondrial fragmentation and cristae destruction with a plethora of autophagosomes containing collapsed mitochondria and lysosomal lamellar bodies. In contrast, 3 methyladenine improved cardiac function and attenuated mitochondrial fragmentation and autophagososme formation. Markers of macroautophagy and CMA were significantly decreased in the chloroquine group; whereas 3 methyladenine treatment significantly attenuated macroautophagy with a compensatory increase in CMA. Furthermore, chloroquine accentuated PO induced oxidative stress through the further decrease in the expression of manganese superoxide dismutase; whereas, 3 MA had a completely opposite effect. Taken together, these data suggest that high-dose chloroquine, in addition to its effect on the autophagy-lysosome pathway, significantly impairs mitochondrial antioxidant buffering capacity and accentuates oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction in PO hypertrophy; highlighting, the cautious administration of this drug in high oxidative stress conditions, such as pathological hypertrophy or heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antoine H Chaanine
- Cardiovascular Institute, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Ronald E Gordon
- Pathology Department, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York
| | | | - Erik Kohlbrenner
- Cardiovascular Institute, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Ludovic Benard
- Cardiovascular Institute, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Roger J Hajjar
- Cardiovascular Institute, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York
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25
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Yasuda M, Erwin AL, Liu LU, Balwani M, Chen B, Kadirvel S, Gan L, Fiel MI, Gordon RE, Yu C, Clavero S, Arvelakis A, Naik H, Martin LD, Phillips JD, Anderson KE, Sadagoparamanujam VM, Florman SS, Desnick RJ. Liver Transplantation for Acute Intermittent Porphyria: Biochemical and Pathologic Studies of the Explanted Liver. Mol Med 2015; 21:487-95. [PMID: 26062020 DOI: 10.2119/molmed.2015.00099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2015] [Accepted: 06/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute intermittent porphyria (AIP) is an autosomal-dominant hepatic disorder caused by the half-normal activity of hydroxymethylbilane (HMB) synthase. Symptomatic individuals experience life-threatening acute neurovisceral attacks that are precipitated by factors that induce the hepatic expression of 5-aminolevulinic acid synthase 1 (ALAS1), resulting in the marked accumulation of the putative neurotoxic porphyrin precursors 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) and porphobilinogen (PBG). Here, we provide the first detailed description of the biochemical and pathologic alterations in the explanted liver of an AIP patient who underwent orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT) due to untreatable and debilitating chronic attacks. After OLT, the recipient's plasma and urinary ALA and PBG rapidly normalized, and her attacks immediately stopped. In the explanted liver, (a) ALAS1 mRNA and activity were elevated approximately ~3- and 5-fold, and ALA and PBG concentrations were increased ~3- and 1,760-fold, respectively; (b) uroporphyrin III concentration was elevated; (c) microsomal heme content was sufficient, and representative cytochrome P450 activities were essentially normal; (d) HMB synthase activity was approximately half-normal (~42%); (e) iron concentration was slightly elevated; and (f) heme oxygenase I mRNA was increased approximately three-fold. Notable pathologic findings included nodular regenerative hyperplasia, previously not reported in AIP livers, and minimal iron deposition, despite the large number of hemin infusions received before OLT. These findings suggest that the neurovisceral symptoms of AIP are not associated with generalized hepatic heme deficiency and support the neurotoxicity of ALA and/or PBG. Additionally, they indicate that substrate inhibition of hepatic HMB synthase activity by PBG is not a pathogenic mechanism in acute attacks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makiko Yasuda
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Angelika L Erwin
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Lawrence U Liu
- Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Manisha Balwani
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States of America.,Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Brenden Chen
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Senkottuvelan Kadirvel
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Lin Gan
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - M Isabel Fiel
- Department of Pathology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Ronald E Gordon
- Department of Pathology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Chunli Yu
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Sonia Clavero
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Antonios Arvelakis
- Department of Surgery, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Hetanshi Naik
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - L David Martin
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - John D Phillips
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Karl E Anderson
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Community Health, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas
| | | | - Sander S Florman
- Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States of America.,Department of Surgery, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Robert J Desnick
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States of America
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26
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Chen L, He Z, Slinger E, Bongers G, Lapenda TL, Pacer ME, Jiao J, Beltrao MF, Soto AJ, Harpaz N, Gordon RE, Ochando JC, Oukka M, Iuga AC, Chensue SW, Blander JM, Furtado GC, Lira SA. IL-23 activates innate lymphoid cells to promote neonatal intestinal pathology. Mucosal Immunol 2015; 8:390-402. [PMID: 25160819 PMCID: PMC4326561 DOI: 10.1038/mi.2014.77] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2014] [Accepted: 07/29/2014] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Interleukin-23 (IL-23) responsive group 3 innate lymphoid cells (ILC3s) have been implicated in immune homeostasis and pathogenesis in the adult, but little is known about their roles in the newborn. Here we show that IL-23 promotes conversion of embryonic intestinal Lin(-)IL-23R(+)Thy1(+) cells into IL-22-producing Thy1(+)Sca-1(hi) ILC3s in vitro. Gut-specific expression of IL-23 also activated and expanded Thy1(+)Sca-1(hi) ILC3s, which produced IL-22, IL-17, interferon gamma (IFN-γ), and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and were distinct from canonical CD4(+) lymphoid tissue inducer (LTi) cells. These ILC3s accumulated under the epithelium in intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM)-1-positive cell aggregates together with neutrophils that disrupted the epithelium, leading to the formation of discrete intestinal erosions, bleeding, and neonatal death. Genetic and antibody depletion of ILC3s rescued the mice from neonatal death. Antibiotic treatment of pregnant mothers and offspring prolonged survival of IL-23 transgenic mice, suggesting a role for the commensal flora on ILC3-induced pathogenesis. Our results reveal a novel role for the IL-23-ILC3s axis in the pathogenesis of neonatal intestinal inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Chen
- Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Zhengxiang He
- Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Erik Slinger
- Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Gerold Bongers
- Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Taciana L.S. Lapenda
- Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Michelle E. Pacer
- Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Jingjing Jiao
- Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Monique F. Beltrao
- Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Alan J. Soto
- Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Noam Harpaz
- Department of Pathology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Ronald E. Gordon
- Department of Pathology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Jordi C. Ochando
- Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA,Department of Nephrology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Mohamed Oukka
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98101, USA
| | - Alina Cornelia Iuga
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Stephen W. Chensue
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, USA,Section of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Veterans Affairs Ann Arbor Healthcare System, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, USA
| | | | - Glaucia C. Furtado
- Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Sergio A. Lira
- Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
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Lobatto ME, Calcagno C, Millon A, Senders ML, Fay F, Robson PM, Ramachandran S, Binderup T, Paridaans MP, Sensarn S, Rogalla S, Gordon RE, Cardoso L, Storm G, Metselaar JM, Contag CH, Stroes ESG, Fayad ZA, Mulder WJ. Atherosclerotic plaque targeting mechanism of long-circulating nanoparticles established by multimodal imaging. ACS Nano 2015; 9:1837-47. [PMID: 25619964 PMCID: PMC4492477 DOI: 10.1021/nn506750r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a major cause of global morbidity and mortality that could benefit from novel targeted therapeutics. Recent studies have shown efficient and local drug delivery with nanoparticles, although the nanoparticle targeting mechanism for atherosclerosis has not yet been fully elucidated. Here we used in vivo and ex vivo multimodal imaging to examine permeability of the vessel wall and atherosclerotic plaque accumulation of fluorescently labeled liposomal nanoparticles in a rabbit model. We found a strong correlation between permeability as established by in vivo dynamic contrast enhanced magnetic resonance imaging and nanoparticle plaque accumulation with subsequent nanoparticle distribution throughout the vessel wall. These key observations will enable the development of nanotherapeutic strategies for atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark E. Lobatto
- Translational and Molecular Imaging Institute, Department of Radiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, New York 10029, United States
- Department of Vascular Medicine, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9,1105 AZ, The Netherlands
| | - Claudia Calcagno
- Translational and Molecular Imaging Institute, Department of Radiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, New York 10029, United States
| | - Antoine Millon
- Translational and Molecular Imaging Institute, Department of Radiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, New York 10029, United States
- Department of Vascular Surgery, University Hospital of Lyon, 69000 Lyon, France
| | - Max L. Senders
- Translational and Molecular Imaging Institute, Department of Radiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, New York 10029, United States
| | - Francois Fay
- Translational and Molecular Imaging Institute, Department of Radiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, New York 10029, United States
| | - Philip M. Robson
- Translational and Molecular Imaging Institute, Department of Radiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, New York 10029, United States
| | - Sarayu Ramachandran
- Translational and Molecular Imaging Institute, Department of Radiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, New York 10029, United States
| | - Tina Binderup
- Translational and Molecular Imaging Institute, Department of Radiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, New York 10029, United States
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Nuclear Medicine & PET and Cluster for Molecular Imaging, Rigshospitalet & University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Maarten P.M. Paridaans
- Translational and Molecular Imaging Institute, Department of Radiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, New York 10029, United States
| | - Steven Sensarn
- Departments of Radiology, Pediatrics and the Molecular Imaging Program, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Stephan Rogalla
- Departments of Radiology, Pediatrics and the Molecular Imaging Program, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Ronald E. Gordon
- Department of Pathology, Mount Sinai Hospital, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, New York 10029, United States
| | - Luis Cardoso
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The City College of New York, New York, New York 10031, United States
| | - Gert Storm
- Department of Targeted Therapeutic, MIRA Institute, University of Twente, Enschede, 7500 AE, The Netherlands
- Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht 3512 JE, The Netherlands
| | - Josbert M. Metselaar
- Department of Targeted Therapeutic, MIRA Institute, University of Twente, Enschede, 7500 AE, The Netherlands
| | - Christopher H. Contag
- Departments of Radiology, Pediatrics and the Molecular Imaging Program, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Erik S. G. Stroes
- Department of Vascular Medicine, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9,1105 AZ, The Netherlands
| | - Zahi A. Fayad
- Translational and Molecular Imaging Institute, Department of Radiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, New York 10029, United States
| | - Willem J.M. Mulder
- Translational and Molecular Imaging Institute, Department of Radiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, New York 10029, United States
- Department of Vascular Medicine, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9,1105 AZ, The Netherlands
- Address correspondence to
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Gordon RE. Response to RE: Gordon R, Fitzgerald S, and Millette J. Asbestos in commercial cosmetic talcum powder as a cause of mesothelioma in women. Int J Occup Environ Health. 2014;20(4):318-332. Int J Occup Environ Health 2015; 21:342-6. [PMID: 26743790 PMCID: PMC4727595 DOI: 10.1080/10773525.2015.1122367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ronald E. Gordon
- Professor and Director, Icahn School of Medicine a Mount Sinai, New York, USA
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Gordon RE, Fitzgerald S, Millette J. Asbestos in commercial cosmetic talcum powder as a cause of mesothelioma in women. Int J Occup Environ Health 2014; 20:318-32. [PMID: 25185462 DOI: 10.1179/2049396714y.0000000081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cosmetic talcum powder products have been used for decades. The inhalation of talc may cause lung fibrosis in the form of granulomatose nodules called talcosis. Exposure to talc has also been suggested as a causative factor in the development of ovarian carcinomas, gynecological tumors, and mesothelioma. PURPOSE To investigate one historic brand of cosmetic talcum powder associated with mesothelioma in women. METHODS Transmission electron microscope (TEM) formvar-coated grids were prepared with concentrations of one brand of talcum powder directly, on filters, from air collections on filters in glovebox and simulated bathroom exposures and human fiber burden analyses. The grids were analyzed on an analytic TEM using energy-dispersive spectrometer (EDS) and selected-area electron diffraction (SAED) to determine asbestos fiber number and type. RESULTS This brand of talcum powder contained asbestos and the application of talcum powder released inhalable asbestos fibers. Lung and lymph node tissues removed at autopsy revealed pleural mesothelioma. Digestions of the tissues were found to contain anthophyllite and tremolite asbestos. DISCUSSION Through many applications of this particular brand of talcum powder, the deceased inhaled asbestos fibers, which then accumulated in her lungs and likely caused or contributed to her mesothelioma as well as other women with the same scenario.
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Azeloglu EU, Hardy SV, Eungdamrong NJ, Chen Y, Jayaraman G, Chuang PY, Fang W, Xiong H, Neves SR, Jain MR, Li H, Ma’ayan A, Gordon RE, He JC, Iyengar R. Interconnected network motifs control podocyte morphology and kidney function. Sci Signal 2014; 7:ra12. [PMID: 24497609 PMCID: PMC4220789 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.2004621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Podocytes are kidney cells with specialized morphology that is required for glomerular filtration. Diseases, such as diabetes, or drug exposure that causes disruption of the podocyte foot process morphology results in kidney pathophysiology. Proteomic analysis of glomeruli isolated from rats with puromycin-induced kidney disease and control rats indicated that protein kinase A (PKA), which is activated by adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate (cAMP), is a key regulator of podocyte morphology and function. In podocytes, cAMP signaling activates cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB) to enhance expression of the gene encoding a differentiation marker, synaptopodin, a protein that associates with actin and promotes its bundling. We constructed and experimentally verified a β-adrenergic receptor-driven network with multiple feedback and feedforward motifs that controls CREB activity. To determine how the motifs interacted to regulate gene expression, we mapped multicompartment dynamical models, including information about protein subcellular localization, onto the network topology using Petri net formalisms. These computational analyses indicated that the juxtaposition of multiple feedback and feedforward motifs enabled the prolonged CREB activation necessary for synaptopodin expression and actin bundling. Drug-induced modulation of these motifs in diseased rats led to recovery of normal morphology and physiological function in vivo. Thus, analysis of regulatory motifs using network dynamics can provide insights into pathophysiology that enable predictions for drug intervention strategies to treat kidney disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evren U. Azeloglu
- Department of Pharmacology and Systems Therapeutics, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Simon V. Hardy
- Department of Pharmacology and Systems Therapeutics, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Narat John Eungdamrong
- Department of Pharmacology and Systems Therapeutics, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Yibang Chen
- Department of Pharmacology and Systems Therapeutics, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Gomathi Jayaraman
- Department of Pharmacology and Systems Therapeutics, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Peter Y. Chuang
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Wei Fang
- Department of Pharmacology and Systems Therapeutics, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Huabao Xiong
- Immunobiology Center, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Susana R. Neves
- Department of Pharmacology and Systems Therapeutics, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Systems Biology Center New York, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Mohit R. Jain
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Center for Advanced Proteomics Research, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey–New Jersey Medical School Cancer Center, Newark, NJ 07103, USA
| | - Hong Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Center for Advanced Proteomics Research, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey–New Jersey Medical School Cancer Center, Newark, NJ 07103, USA
| | - Avi Ma’ayan
- Department of Pharmacology and Systems Therapeutics, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Ronald E. Gordon
- Department of Pathology, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - John Cijiang He
- Department of Pharmacology and Systems Therapeutics, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Ravi Iyengar
- Department of Pharmacology and Systems Therapeutics, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Systems Biology Center New York, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY 10029, USA
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Allijn IE, Leong W, Tang J, Gianella A, Mieszawska AJ, Fay F, Ma G, Russell S, Callo CB, Gordon RE, Korkmaz E, Post JA, Zhao Y, Gerritsen HC, Thran A, Proksa R, Daerr H, Storm G, Fuster V, Fisher EA, Fayad ZA, Mulder WJ, Cormode DP. Gold nanocrystal labeling allows low-density lipoprotein imaging from the subcellular to macroscopic level. ACS Nano 2013; 7:9761-70. [PMID: 24127782 PMCID: PMC3863599 DOI: 10.1021/nn403258w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Low-density lipoprotein (LDL) plays a critical role in cholesterol transport and is closely linked to the progression of several diseases. This motivates the development of methods to study LDL behavior from the microscopic to whole-body level. We have developed an approach to efficiently load LDL with a range of diagnostically active nanocrystals or hydrophobic agents. We performed focused experiments on LDL labeled with gold nanocrystals (Au-LDL). The labeling procedure had minimal effect on LDL size, morphology, or composition. Biological function was found to be maintained from both in vitro and in vivo experiments. Tumor-bearing mice were injected intravenously with LDL, DiR-LDL, Au-LDL, or a gold-loaded nanoemulsion. LDL accumulation in the tumors was detected with whole-body imaging methods, such as computed tomography (CT), spectral CT, and fluorescence imaging. Cellular localization was studied with transmission electron microscopy and fluorescence techniques. This LDL labeling procedure should permit the study of lipoprotein biointeractions in unprecedented detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iris E. Allijn
- Translational and Molecular Imaging Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai
- Targeted Therapeutics, MIRA Institute, University of Twente
| | - Wei Leong
- Translational and Molecular Imaging Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai
| | - Jun Tang
- Translational and Molecular Imaging Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai
| | - Anita Gianella
- Translational and Molecular Imaging Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai
| | - Aneta J. Mieszawska
- Translational and Molecular Imaging Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai
| | - Francois Fay
- Translational and Molecular Imaging Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai
| | - Ge Ma
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Mount Sinai School of Medicine
| | | | - Catherine B. Callo
- Translational and Molecular Imaging Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Gert Storm
- Targeted Therapeutics, MIRA Institute, University of Twente
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University
| | - Valentin Fuster
- Translational and Molecular Imaging Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai
| | | | - Zahi A. Fayad
- Translational and Molecular Imaging Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai
| | - Willem J.M. Mulder
- Translational and Molecular Imaging Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai
- Department of Vascular Medicine, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam
| | - David P. Cormode
- Translational and Molecular Imaging Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai
- Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USATel: 215-615-4656, Fax: 240-368-8096
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Turnbull IC, Karakikes I, Serrao GW, Backeris P, Lee JJ, Xie C, Senyei G, Gordon RE, Li RA, Akar FG, Hajjar RJ, Hulot JS, Costa KD. Advancing functional engineered cardiac tissues toward a preclinical model of human myocardium. FASEB J 2013; 28:644-54. [PMID: 24174427 DOI: 10.1096/fj.13-228007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Cardiac experimental biology and translational research would benefit from an in vitro surrogate for human heart muscle. This study investigated structural and functional properties and interventional responses of human engineered cardiac tissues (hECTs) compared to human myocardium. Human embryonic stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hESC-CMs, >90% troponin-positive) were mixed with collagen and cultured on force-sensing elastomer devices. hECTs resembled trabecular muscle and beat spontaneously (1.18 ± 0.48 Hz). Microstructural features and mRNA expression of cardiac-specific genes (α-MHC, SERCA2a, and ACTC1) were comparable to human myocardium. Optical mapping revealed cardiac refractoriness with loss of 1:1 capture above 3 Hz, and cycle length dependence of the action potential duration, recapitulating key features of cardiac electrophysiology. hECTs reconstituted the Frank-Starling mechanism, generating an average maximum twitch stress of 660 μN/mm(2) at Lmax, approaching values in newborn human myocardium. Dose-response curves followed exponential pharmacodynamics models for calcium chloride (EC50 1.8 mM) and verapamil (IC50 0.61 μM); isoproterenol elicited a positive chronotropic but negligible inotropic response, suggesting sarcoplasmic reticulum immaturity. hECTs were amenable to gene transfer, demonstrated by successful transduction with Ad.GFP. Such 3-D hECTs recapitulate an early developmental stage of human myocardium and promise to offer an alternative preclinical model for cardiology research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene C Turnbull
- 2Cardiovascular Cell and Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Cardiovascular Research Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mt. Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Pl., P.O. Box 1030, New York, NY 10029, USA.
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Gordon RE, Wu XX, Glanville RW, Kuo HJ, Uson RR, Rand JH. Analysis of the Three Dimensional Relationships Among Components of Human Vascular Subendothelium by Stereo-Tilt Immunoelectron Microscopy. J Histotechnol 2013. [DOI: 10.1179/his.1998.21.3.205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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Gordon RE, Puszkin S. Endocytic Vesicles of Type I Pneumocytes. I. Immunocytochemical Colocalization of Calmodulin with Clathrin Molecules. J Histotechnol 2013. [DOI: 10.1179/his.1989.12.3.185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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Hechtman JF, Gordon RE, McBride RB, Harpaz N. Corpora amylacea in gastrointestinal leiomyomas: a clinical, light microscopic, ultrastructural and immunohistochemical study with comparison to hyaline globules. J Clin Pathol 2013; 66:951-5. [PMID: 23833049 DOI: 10.1136/jclinpath-2013-201701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Corpora amylacea (CA) are inclusions with starch-like composition that occur in various conditions. We have observed CA in gastrointestinal leiomyomas (GILM) and hypothesised that they differ from intracytoplasmic hyaline globules (HG) of GILM. We aimed to investigate the anatomical distribution, prevalence, staining characteristics and ultrastructural features of CA and compare them with HG of GILM. DESIGN Slides from a consecutive series of resected GILM and bland spindle cell tumours were examined for CA and HG. Special stains, electron microscopy and elemental analysis were performed on select leiomyomas. RESULTS CA occurred in 13/35 GILM (37%) from the following sites: oesophagus (4/8), stomach (5/7) including one frozen section, small intestine (1/2) and large intestine (3/18), but were not identified in 19 gastrointestinal stromal tumours (12 gastric, 7 small intestinal; p=0.0019), five schwannomas (three gastric, two small intestinal; p=0.154) and 35 non-GILM (p=0.0001). The densities of CA ranged from one per 4-200 mm(2). CA stained intensely with periodic acid Schiff after diastase predigestion (PASD), Alcian blue and ubiquitin, and faintly in peripheral zones for desmin and smooth muscle actin. Ultrastructurally, CA consisted of an electron-dense outer layer and a fibrillar core with scattered particle matter. HG were present in all leiomyomas, but showed variable staining for PASD, negative staining for Alcian blue and ubiquitin, and positive staining for smooth muscle markers. CONCLUSIONS CA are a distinctive histological feature of approximately one third of GILM with different composition to HG. These differences may represent divergent degenerative processes or different stages of a single degenerative process over time.
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Costa JA, Nguyen DA, Leal-Pinto E, Gordon RE, Hanss B. Wicking: a rapid method for manually inserting ion channels into planar lipid bilayers. PLoS One 2013; 8:e60836. [PMID: 23717384 PMCID: PMC3662662 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0060836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2012] [Accepted: 03/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The planar lipid bilayer technique has a distinguished history in electrophysiology but is arguably the most technically difficult and time-consuming method in the field. Behind this is a lack of experimental consistency between laboratories, the challenges associated with painting unilamellar bilayers, and the reconstitution of ion channels into them. While there has be a trend towards automation of this technique, there remain many instances where manual bilayer formation and subsequent membrane protein insertion is both required and advantageous. We have developed a comprehensive method, which we have termed “wicking”, that greatly simplifies many experimental aspects of the lipid bilayer system. Wicking allows one to manually insert ion channels into planar lipid bilayers in a matter of seconds, without the use of a magnetic stir bar or the addition of other chemicals to monitor or promote the fusion of proteoliposomes. We used the wicking method in conjunction with a standard membrane capacitance test and a simple method of proteoliposome preparation that generates a heterogeneous mixture of vesicle sizes. To determine the robustness of this technique, we selected two ion channels that have been well characterized in the literature: CLIC1 and α-hemolysin. When reconstituted using the wicking technique, CLIC1 showed biophysical characteristics congruent with published reports from other groups; and α-hemolysin demonstrated Type A and B events when threading single stranded DNA through the pore. We conclude that the wicking method gives the investigator a high degree of control over many aspects of the lipid bilayer system, while greatly reducing the time required for channel reconstitution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin A. Costa
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine and Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, The Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States of America
- Department of Systems Biology of Disease and Therapeutics, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, The Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Dac A. Nguyen
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine and Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, The Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States of America
- NIH Medical Scientist Training Program, The Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
- Department of Systems Biology of Disease and Therapeutics, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, The Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Edgar Leal-Pinto
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Ronald E. Gordon
- Department of Pathology, The Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Basil Hanss
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine and Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, The Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Chaanine AH, Gordon RE, Kohlbrenner E, Benard L, Jeong D, Hajjar RJ. Potential role of BNIP3 in cardiac remodeling, myocardial stiffness, and endoplasmic reticulum: mitochondrial calcium homeostasis in diastolic and systolic heart failure. Circ Heart Fail 2013; 6:572-83. [PMID: 23508759 DOI: 10.1161/circheartfailure.112.000200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We have shown that BNIP3 expression is significantly increased in heart failure (HF). In this study, we tested the effects of BNIP3 manipulation in HF. METHODS AND RESULTS In a rat model of pressure overload HF, BNIP3 knockdown significantly decreased left ventricular (LV) volumes with significant improvement in LV diastolic and systolic function. There were significant decreases in myocardial apoptosis and LV interstitial fibrosis. Ultrastructurally, BNIP3 knockdown attenuated mitochondrial fragmentation and restored mitochondrial morphology and integrity. On the molecular level, there were significant decreases in endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and mitochondrial apoptotic markers. One of the mechanisms by which BNIP3 mediates mitochondrial dysfunction is via the oligomerization of the voltage-dependent anion channels causing a shift of calcium from the ER to mitochondrial compartments, leading to the decrease in ER calcium content, mitochondrial damage, apoptosis, and LV interstitial fibrosis, and hence contributes to both systolic and diastolic myocardial dysfunction, respectively. In systolic HF, the downregulation of SERCA2a (sarcoplasmic-endoplasmic reticulum calcium ATPase), along with an increased BNIP3 expression, further worsen myocardial diastolic and systolic function and contribute to the major remodeling seen in systolic HF as compared with diastolic HF with normal SERCA2a expression. CONCLUSIONS The increase in BNIP3 expression contributes mainly to myocardial diastolic dysfunction through mitochondrial apoptosis, LV interstitial fibrosis, and to some extent to myocardial systolic dysfunction attributable to the shift of calcium from the ER to the mitochondria and to the decrease in ER calcium content. However, SERCA2a downregulation remains a prerequisite for the major LV remodeling seen in systolic HF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antoine H Chaanine
- Cardiovascular Institute, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
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Hechtman JF, Franssen B, Labow DM, Gordon RE, DiMaio CJ, Wilck EJ, Carrasco-Avino G, Zhu H. Intraductal polypoid lipid-rich neuroendocrine tumor of the pancreas with entrapped ductules: case report and review of the literature. Endocr Pathol 2013; 24:30-5. [PMID: 23315081 DOI: 10.1007/s12022-012-9231-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors of the main pancreatic duct are rare and usually small due to symptoms of pancreatic duct obstruction. We present a case of a large (3 cm), well-differentiated (G1) lipid-rich polypoid neuroendocrine tumor of the pancreas completely occluding the main pancreatic duct with non-neoplastic-entrapped ductules and CK19 positivity. Clinical, radiological, gross, microscopic, immunohistochemical, and ultrastructural findings are discussed. The literature pertaining to the unique features of this case is reviewed including clinical and pathologic pitfalls and the possible etiologic and prognostic significance of these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaclyn Frances Hechtman
- Department of Pathology, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, One Gustave L Levy Place, 1194, New York, NY 10029, USA.
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Castillo JG, Anyanwu AC, El-Eshmawi A, Gordon RE, Adams DH. Early rupture of an expanded polytetrafluoroethylene neochord after complex mitral valve repair: An electron microscopic analysis. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2013; 145:e29-31. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2012.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2012] [Revised: 11/07/2012] [Accepted: 12/05/2012] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Hechtman JF, Gordon RE, Harpaz N. Intramuscular corpora amylacea adjacent to ileal low-grade neuroendocrine tumours (typical carcinoids): a light microscopic, immunohistochemical and ultrastructural study. J Clin Pathol 2013; 66:569-72. [PMID: 23443895 DOI: 10.1136/jclinpath-2012-201415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The purposes of this study are to (1) document the prevalence of intracytoplasmic inclusions adjacent to ileal well-differentiated neuroendocrine tumours (WNETs), (2) examine whether and how tumour and patient characteristics are associated with inclusions and (3) investigate their properties on special stains and electron microscopy in comparison with corpora amylacea (CA). METHODS We examined the resection slides from 26 ileal, 5 gastric and 5 rectal cases of WNET. Inclusions were readily identified with H&E staining. Histochemical, immunohistochemical and ultrastructural evaluations were performed on the block with the highest number of inclusions. RESULTS Intracytoplasmic inclusions occurred adjacent (<1 mm) to 15 of 26 (57.7%) ileal WNETs. Patients with and without inclusions were of similar mean ages (59.5 vs 57.4 years; p=0.88), but NETs with inclusions were larger than those without inclusions (3.3 vs 1.7 cm, p=0.03). Inclusions were neither associated with gastric (mean age=65 years, mean diameter=1.5 cm) or rectal WNETs (mean age=47.8 years, mean diameter=0.5 cm) (p=0.01), nor were they present >1 mm from ileal NETs. CA stained strongly for ubiquitin, DPAS and Alcian blue; faintly and peripherally for desmin and smooth muscle actin and negatively for calcium. Ultrastructurally, their appearance was consistent with filaments, some with cores of particle matter. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that these inclusions are virtually identical to CA and present adjacent to the majority of ileal WNET. They may be the result of a degenerative process, possibly due to chronic myocyte stress from an infiltrating slow growing tumour mass or local hormonal effects.
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Lipson SM, Ozen FS, Karthikeyan L, Gordon RE. Effect of pH on anti-rotavirus activity by comestible juices and proanthocyanidins in a cell-free assay system. Food Environ Virol 2012; 4:168-78. [PMID: 23412889 DOI: 10.1007/s12560-012-9086-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2012] [Accepted: 08/30/2012] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Cranberry (Vaccinium macrocarpon) and grape (Vitis labrusca) juices, and these species' secondary plant metabolites [i.e., proanthocyanidins (PACs)] possess antiviral activity. An understanding of the mechanism(s) responsible for these juices and their polyphenolic constituents' direct effect on enteric virus integrity, however, remains poorly defined. Using the rotavirus (RTV) as a model enteric virus system, the direct effect of manufacturer-supplied and commercially purchased juices [Ocean Spray Pure Cranberry 100 % Unsweetened Juice (CJ), Welch's 100 % Grape Juice (GJ), 100 % Concord (PG) and 100 % Niagara juices (NG)] and these species' cranberry (C-PACs) and grape PACs (G-PACs) was investigated. Loss of viral capsid integrity in cell-free suspension by juices and their PACs, and as a factor of pH, was identified by an antigen (RTV) capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. At native and an artificially increased suspension at or near pH 7, loss of viral infectivity occurred after 5 min, in the order CJ > NG = GJ > PG, and PG > GJ = NG = CJ, respectively. Antiviral activity of CJ was inversely related to pH. Grape, but not cranberry PACs, displayed a comparatively greater anti-RTV activity at a suspension pH of 6.7. Anti-RTV activity of C-PACs was regained upon reduction of RTV-cranberry PAC suspensions to pH 4. An alteration or modification of Type A PAC (of V. macrocarpon) structural integrity at or near physiologic pH is suggested to have impacted on this molecule's antivirus activity. Type B PACs (of V. labrusca) were refractive to alternations of pH. Significantly, findings from pure system RTV-PAC testing paralleled and in turn, supported those RTV-juice antiviral studies. Electron microscopy showed an enshroudment by PACs of RTV particles, suggesting a blockage of viral antigenic binding determinants. The implications of our work are significant, especially in the interpretation of PAC (and PAC-containing food)-RTV interactions in the differing [pH] conditions of the gastrointestinal tract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven M Lipson
- Department of Biology and Health Promotion, St. Francis College, 180 Remsen Street, Brooklyn Heights, NY 11201, USA.
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Chaanine AH, Gordon RE, Benard L, Kohlbrenner E, Hajjar RJ. Therapeutic Targeted Delivery of AAV9 Sh BNIP3 Reverses Cardiac Remodeling and Improves Diastolic and Systolic Function in a Rat Model of Pressure Overload Induced Heart Failure. J Card Fail 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cardfail.2012.06.106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Kohlbrenner E, Henckaerts E, Rapti K, Gordon RE, Linden RM, Hajjar RJ, Weber T. Quantification of AAV particle titers by infrared fluorescence scanning of coomassie-stained sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gels. Hum Gene Ther Methods 2012; 23:198-203. [PMID: 22816378 DOI: 10.1089/hgtb.2012.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Adeno-associated virus (AAV)-based vectors have gained increasing attention as gene delivery vehicles in basic and preclinical studies as well as in human gene therapy trials. Especially for the latter two-for both safety and therapeutic efficacy reasons-a detailed characterization of all relevant parameters of the vector preparation is essential. Two important parameters that are routinely used to analyze recombinant AAV vectors are (1) the titer of viral particles containing a (recombinant) viral genome and (2) the purity of the vector preparation, most commonly assessed by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) followed by silver staining. An important, third parameter, the titer of total viral particles, that is, the combined titer of both genome-containing and empty viral capsids, is rarely determined. Here, we describe a simple and inexpensive method that allows the simultaneous assessment of both vector purity and the determination of the total viral particle titer. This method, which was validated by comparison with established methods to determine viral particle titers, is based on the fact that Coomassie Brilliant Blue, when bound to proteins, fluoresces in the infrared spectrum. Viral samples are separated by SDS-PAGE followed by Coomassie Brilliant Blue staining and gel analysis with an infrared laser-scanning device. In combination with a protein standard, our method allows the rapid and accurate determination of viral particle titers simultaneously with the assessment of vector purity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik Kohlbrenner
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY 10029, USA
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Chaanine AH, Jeong D, Liang L, Chemaly ER, Fish K, Gordon RE, Hajjar RJ. JNK modulates FOXO3a for the expression of the mitochondrial death and mitophagy marker BNIP3 in pathological hypertrophy and in heart failure. Cell Death Dis 2012; 3:265. [PMID: 22297293 PMCID: PMC3288347 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2012.5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Bcl-2 E1B 19-KDa interacting protein 3 (BNIP3) is a mitochondrial death and mitophagy marker, which is involved in inducing cardiac remodeling post myocardial infarction. In this study, we show that BNIP3 expression increases in stressed cardiomyocytes in vitro and in response to pressure overload in vivo, and that its transcription is directly related to JNK activity. BNIP3 expression gradually increased in the first weeks after pressure overload and peaked at the heart failure stage. Ultrastructurally, the mitochondrial area was inversely proportional to BNIP3 expression. Both JNK and AKT activities increased with pressure overload; however, JNK signaling dominated over AKT signaling for the activation of the transcription factor FOXO3a and for the transcription of its effector, BNIP3. 3-methyladenine attenuated JNK signaling and significantly decreased BNIP3 expression and reversed cardiac remodeling in heart failure. Ultrastructurally, the mitochondrial area was significantly increased in the 3-methyladenine group compared with placebo. Moreover, adenoviral gene delivery of dominant negative JNK in a rat model of pressure overload hypertrophy abolished the increase in BNIP3 expression in response to pressure overload. These results suggest that JNK signaling is a critical modulator of the transcription factor FOXO3a driving the expression of its effector, BNIP3, in heart failure and that JNK, through BNIP3, induces mitochondrial apoptosis and mitophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- A H Chaanine
- Cardiovascular Institute, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY 10029, USA
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Cormode DP, Skajaa GO, Delshad A, Parker N, Jarzyna PA, Calcagno C, Galper MW, Skajaa T, Briley-Saebo KC, Bell HM, Gordon RE, Fayad ZA, Woo SLC, Mulder WJM. A versatile and tunable coating strategy allows control of nanocrystal delivery to cell types in the liver. Bioconjug Chem 2011; 22:353-61. [PMID: 21361312 DOI: 10.1021/bc1003179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
There are many liver diseases that could be treated with delivery of therapeutics such as DNA, proteins, or small molecules. Nanoparticles are often proposed as delivery vectors for such therapeutics; however, achieving nanoparticle accumulations in the therapeutically relevant hepatocytes is challenging. In order to address this issue, we have synthesized polymer coated, fluorescent iron oxide nanoparticles that bind and deliver DNA, as well as produce contrast for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), fluorescence imaging, and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The composition of the coating can be varied in a facile manner to increase the quantity of poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) from 0% to 5%, 10%, or 25%, with the aim of reducing opsonization but maintaining DNA binding. We investigated the effect of the nanoparticle coating on DNA binding, cell uptake, cell transfection, and opsonization in vitro. Furthermore, we exploited MRI, fluorescence imaging, and TEM to investigate the distribution of the different formulations in the liver of mice. While MRI and fluorescence imaging showed that each formulation was heavily taken up in the liver at 24 h, the 10% PEG formulation was taken up by the therapeutically relevant hepatocytes more extensively than either the 0% PEG or the 5% PEG, indicating its potential for delivery of therapeutics to the liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- David P Cormode
- Translational and Molecular Imaging Institute, New York, USA
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Cormode DP, Roessl E, Thran A, Skajaa T, Gordon RE, Schlomka JP, Fuster V, Fisher EA, Mulder WJM, Proksa R, Fayad ZA. Atherosclerotic plaque composition: analysis with multicolor CT and targeted gold nanoparticles. Radiology 2010. [PMID: 20668118 DOI: 10.1148/radiol.10092473/-/dc1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/01/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the potential of spectral computed tomography (CT) (popularly referred to as multicolor CT), used in combination with a gold high-density lipoprotein nanoparticle contrast agent (Au-HDL), for characterization of macrophage burden, calcification, and stenosis of atherosclerotic plaques. MATERIALS AND METHODS The local animal care committee approved all animal experiments. A preclinical spectral CT system in which incident x-rays are divided into six different energy bins was used for multicolor imaging. Au-HDL, an iodine-based contrast agent, and calcium phosphate were imaged in a variety of phantoms. Apolipoprotein E knockout (apo E-KO) mice were used as the model for atherosclerosis. Gold nanoparticles targeted to atherosclerosis (Au-HDL) were intravenously injected at a dose of 500 mg per kilogram of body weight. Iodine-based contrast material was injected 24 hours later, after which the mice were imaged. Wild-type mice were used as controls. Macrophage targeting by Au-HDL was further evaluated by using transmission electron microscopy and confocal microscopy of aorta sections. RESULTS Multicolor CT enabled differentiation of Au-HDL, iodine-based contrast material, and calcium phosphate in the phantoms. Accumulations of Au-HDL were detected in the aortas of the apo E-KO mice, while the iodine-based contrast agent and the calcium-rich tissue could also be detected and thus facilitated visualization of the vasculature and bones (skeleton), respectively, during a single scanning examination. Microscopy revealed Au-HDL to be primarily localized in the macrophages on the aorta sections; hence, the multicolor CT images provided information about the macrophage burden. CONCLUSION Spectral CT used with carefully chosen contrast agents may yield valuable information about atherosclerotic plaque composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- David P Cormode
- Translational and Molecular Imaging Institute, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY 10029, USA
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Chung C, Gordon RE, Shah TR, Marin ML, Faries PL. Assessing stroke risk in carotid stenting: Grey scale median and debris analysis predict greater risk for cerebral emboli in symptomatic patients. J Am Coll Surg 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jamcollsurg.2010.06.378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Cormode DP, Roessl E, Thran A, Skajaa T, Gordon RE, Schlomka JP, Fuster V, Fisher EA, Mulder WJM, Proksa R, Fayad ZA. Atherosclerotic plaque composition: analysis with multicolor CT and targeted gold nanoparticles. Radiology 2010; 256:774-82. [PMID: 20668118 DOI: 10.1148/radiol.10092473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 319] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the potential of spectral computed tomography (CT) (popularly referred to as multicolor CT), used in combination with a gold high-density lipoprotein nanoparticle contrast agent (Au-HDL), for characterization of macrophage burden, calcification, and stenosis of atherosclerotic plaques. MATERIALS AND METHODS The local animal care committee approved all animal experiments. A preclinical spectral CT system in which incident x-rays are divided into six different energy bins was used for multicolor imaging. Au-HDL, an iodine-based contrast agent, and calcium phosphate were imaged in a variety of phantoms. Apolipoprotein E knockout (apo E-KO) mice were used as the model for atherosclerosis. Gold nanoparticles targeted to atherosclerosis (Au-HDL) were intravenously injected at a dose of 500 mg per kilogram of body weight. Iodine-based contrast material was injected 24 hours later, after which the mice were imaged. Wild-type mice were used as controls. Macrophage targeting by Au-HDL was further evaluated by using transmission electron microscopy and confocal microscopy of aorta sections. RESULTS Multicolor CT enabled differentiation of Au-HDL, iodine-based contrast material, and calcium phosphate in the phantoms. Accumulations of Au-HDL were detected in the aortas of the apo E-KO mice, while the iodine-based contrast agent and the calcium-rich tissue could also be detected and thus facilitated visualization of the vasculature and bones (skeleton), respectively, during a single scanning examination. Microscopy revealed Au-HDL to be primarily localized in the macrophages on the aorta sections; hence, the multicolor CT images provided information about the macrophage burden. CONCLUSION Spectral CT used with carefully chosen contrast agents may yield valuable information about atherosclerotic plaque composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- David P Cormode
- Translational and Molecular Imaging Institute, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY 10029, USA
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Malaviya R, Sunil VR, Cervelli J, Anderson DR, Holmes WW, Conti ML, Gordon RE, Laskin JD, Laskin DL. Inflammatory effects of inhaled sulfur mustard in rat lung. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2010; 248:89-99. [PMID: 20659490 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2010.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2010] [Revised: 07/16/2010] [Accepted: 07/19/2010] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Inhalation of sulfur mustard (SM), a bifunctional alkylating agent that causes severe lung damage, is a significant threat to both military and civilian populations. The mechanisms mediating its cytotoxic effects are unknown and were investigated in the present studies. Male rats Crl:CD(SD) were anesthetized, and then intratracheally intubated and exposed to 0.7-1.4mg/kg SM by vapor inhalation. Animals were euthanized 6, 24, 48h or 7days post-exposure and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BAL) and lung tissue collected. Exposure of rats to SM resulted in rapid pulmonary toxicity, including focal ulceration and detachment of the trachea and bronchial epithelia from underlying mucosa, thickening of alveolar septal walls and increased numbers of inflammatory cells in the tissue. There was also evidence of autophagy and apoptosis in the tissue. This was correlated with increased BAL protein content, a marker of injury to the alveolar epithelial lining. SM exposure also resulted in increased expression of markers of inflammation including cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFα), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), and matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9), each of which has been implicated in pulmonary toxicity. Whereas COX-2, TNFα and iNOS were mainly localized in alveolar regions, MMP-9 was prominent in bronchial epithelium. In contrast, expression of the anti-oxidant hemeoxygenase, and the anti-inflammatory collectin, surfactant protein-D, decreased in the lung after SM exposure. These data demonstrate that SM-induced oxidative stress and injury are associated with the generation of cytotoxic inflammatory proteins which may contribute to the pathogenic response to this vesicant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rama Malaviya
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
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Wu M, Gordon RE, Herbert R, Padilla M, Moline J, Mendelson D, Litle V, Travis WD, Gil J. Case report: Lung disease in World Trade Center responders exposed to dust and smoke: carbon nanotubes found in the lungs of World Trade Center patients and dust samples. Environ Health Perspect 2010; 118:499-504. [PMID: 20368128 PMCID: PMC2854726 DOI: 10.1289/ehp.0901159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2009] [Accepted: 12/04/2009] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT After the collapse of the World Trade Center (WTC) on 11 September 2001, a dense cloud of dust containing high levels of airborne pollutants covered Manhattan and parts of Brooklyn, New York. Between 60,000 and 70,000 responders were exposed. Many reported adverse health effects. CASE PRESENTATION In this report we describe clinical, pathologic, and mineralogic findings in seven previously healthy responders who were exposed to WTC dust on either 11 September or 12 September 2001, who developed severe respiratory impairment or unexplained radiologic findings and underwent video-assisted thoracoscopic surgical lung biopsy procedures at Mount Sinai Medical Center. WTC dust samples were also examined. We found that three of the seven responders had severe or moderate restrictive disease clinically. Histopathology showed interstitial lung disease consistent with small airways disease, bronchiolocentric parenchymal disease, and nonnecrotizing granulomatous condition. Tissue mineralogic analyses showed variable amounts of sheets of aluminum and magnesium silicates, chrysotile asbestos, calcium phosphate, and calcium sulfate. Small shards of glass containing mostly silica and magnesium were also found. Carbon nanotubes (CNT) of various sizes and lengths were noted. CNT were also identified in four of seven WTC dust samples. DISCUSSION These findings confirm the previously reported association between WTC dust exposure and bronchiolar and interstitial lung disease. Long-term monitoring of responders will be needed to elucidate the full extent of this problem. The finding of CNT in both WTC dust and lung tissues is unexpected and requires further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maoxin Wu
- Department of Pathology, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York 10029, USA.
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