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Bayat M, Boostani R, Sabeti M, Yadegari F, Pirmoradi M, Rao KS, Nami M. Source Localization and Spectrum Analyzing of EEG in Stuttering State upon Dysfluent Utterances. Clin EEG Neurosci 2024; 55:371-383. [PMID: 36627837 DOI: 10.1177/15500594221150638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Purpose: The present study which addressed adults who stutter (AWS) attempted to investigate power spectral dynamics in the stuttering state by answering the questions using quantitative electroencephalography (qEEG). Method: A 64-channel electroencephalography (EEG) setup was used for data acquisition at 20 AWS. Since the speech, especially stuttering, causes significant noise in the EEG, 2 conditions of speech preparation (SP) and imagined speech (IS) were considered. EEG signals were decomposed into 6 bands. The corresponding sources were localized using the standard low-resolution electromagnetic tomography (sLORETA) tool in both fluent and dysfluent states. Results: Significant differences were noted after analyzing the time-locked EEG signals in fluent and dysfluent utterances. Consistent with previous studies, poor alpha and beta suppression in SP and IS conditions were localized in the left frontotemporal areas in a dysfluent state. This was partly true for the right frontal regions. In the theta range, disfluency was concurrence with increased activation in the left and right motor areas. Increased delta power in the left and right motor areas as well as increased beta2 power over left parietal regions was notable EEG features upon fluent speech. Conclusion: Based on the present findings and those of earlier studies, explaining the neural circuitries involved in stuttering probably requires an examination of the entire frequency spectrum involved in speech.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masoumeh Bayat
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Reza Boostani
- Department of Computer Sciences and Engineering, School of Engineering, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Malihe Sabeti
- Department of Computer Engineering, Islamic Azad University, North Tehran Branch, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fariba Yadegari
- Department of Speech and Language Pathology, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammadreza Pirmoradi
- Department of Clinical Psychology, School of Behavioral Sciences and Mental Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - K S Rao
- Neuroscience Center, INDICASAT-AIP, Panama City, Republic of Panama
| | - Mohammad Nami
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Neuroscience Center, INDICASAT-AIP, Panama City, Republic of Panama
- Dana Brain Health Institute, Iranian Neuroscience Society-Fars Chapter, Shiraz, Iran
- Academy of Health, Senses Cultural Foundation, Sacramento, CA, USA
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Goetzman ES, Zhang BB, Zhang Y, Bharathi SS, Bons J, Rose J, Shah S, Solo KJ, Schmidt AV, Richert AC, Mullett SJ, Gelhaus SL, Rao KS, Shiva SS, Pfister KE, Silva Barbosa A, Sims-Lucas S, Dobrowolski SF, Schilling B. Dietary dicarboxylic acids provide a non-storable alternative fat source that protects mice against obesity. J Clin Invest 2024:e174186. [PMID: 38687608 DOI: 10.1172/jci174186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Dicarboxylic fatty acids are generated in the liver and kidney in a minor pathway called fatty acid ω-oxidation. The effects of consuming dicarboxylic fatty acids as an alternative source of dietary fat have not been explored. Here, we fed dodecanedioic acid, a 12-carbon dicarboxylic (DC12), to mice at 20% of daily caloric intake for nine weeks. DC12 increased metabolic rate, reduced body fat, reduced liver fat, and improved glucose tolerance. We observed DC12-specific breakdown products in liver, kidney, muscle, heart, and brain, indicating that oral DC12 escaped first-pass liver metabolism and was utilized by many tissues. In tissues expressing the "a" isoform of acyl-CoA oxidase-1 (ACOX1), a key peroxisomal fatty acid oxidation enzyme, DC12 was chain shortened to the TCA cycle intermediate succinyl-CoA. In tissues with low peroxisomal fatty acid oxidation capacity, DC12 was oxidized by mitochondria. In vitro, DC12 was catabolized even by adipose tissue and was not stored intracellularly. We conclude that DC12 and other dicarboxylic acids may be useful for combatting obesity and for treating metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric S Goetzman
- Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, United States of America
| | - Bob B Zhang
- Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, United States of America
| | - Yuxun Zhang
- Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, United States of America
| | | | - Joanna Bons
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, United States of America
| | - Jacob Rose
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, United States of America
| | - Samah Shah
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, United States of America
| | - Keaton J Solo
- Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, United States of America
| | | | - Adam C Richert
- Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, United States of America
| | - Steven J Mullett
- Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, United States of America
| | - Stacy L Gelhaus
- Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, United States of America
| | - Krithika S Rao
- Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, United States of America
| | - Sruti S Shiva
- Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, United States of America
| | | | - Anne Silva Barbosa
- Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, United States of America
| | - Sunder Sims-Lucas
- Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, United States of America
| | | | - Birgit Schilling
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, United States of America
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Mitra J, Dharmalingam P, Kodavati MM, Guerrero EN, Rao KS, Garruto R, Hegde ML. Endogenous TDP-43 mislocalization in a novel knock-in mouse model reveals DNA repair impairment, inflammation, and neuronal senescence. Res Sq 2024:rs.3.rs-3879966. [PMID: 38343852 PMCID: PMC10854316 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-3879966/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/19/2024]
Abstract
TDP-43 mislocalization and aggregation are key pathological features of motor neuron diseases (MND) including amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and frontotemporal dementia (FTD). However, transgenic hTDP-43 WT or ∆NLS-overexpression animal models mainly capture late-stages TDP-43 proteinopathy, and do not provide a complete understanding of early motor neuron-specific pathology during pre-symptomatic phases. We have now addressed this shortcoming by generating a new endogenous knock-in (KI) mouse model using a combination of CRISPR/Cas9 and FLEX Cre-switch strategy for the conditional expression of a mislocalized Tdp-43∆NLS variant of mouse Tdp-43. This variant is either expressed conditionally in whole mice or specifically in the motor neurons. The mice exhibit loss of nuclear Tdp-43 concomitant with its cytosolic accumulation and aggregation in targeted cells, leading to increased DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs), signs of inflammation and DNA damage-associated cellular senescence. Notably, unlike WT Tdp43 which functionally interacts with Xrcc4 and DNA Ligase 4, the key DSB repair proteins in the non-homologous end-joining (NHEJ) pathway, the Tdp-43∆NLS mutant sequesters them into cytosolic aggregates, exacerbating neuronal damage in mice brain. The mutant mice also exhibit myogenic degeneration in limb muscles and distinct motor deficits, consistent with the characteristics of MND. Our findings reveal progressive degenerative mechanisms in motor neurons expressing endogenous Tdp-43∆NLS mutant, independent of TDP-43 overexpression or other confounding etiological factors. Thus, this unique Tdp-43 KI mouse model, which displays key molecular and phenotypic features of Tdp-43 proteinopathy, offers a significant opportunity to further characterize the early-stage progression of MND and also opens avenues for developing DNA repair-targeted approaches for treating TDP-43 pathology-linked neurodegenerative diseases.
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Hegde M, Vasquez V, Kodavati M, Mitra J, Vendula I, Hamilton D, Garruto R, Rao KS. Mitochondria-Targeted Oligomeric α-Synuclein Induces TOM40 Degradation and Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Parkinson's Disease and Parkinsonism-Dementia of Guam. Res Sq 2024:rs.3.rs-3970470. [PMID: 38464024 PMCID: PMC10925433 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-3970470/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction is a central aspect of Parkinson's disease (PD) pathology, yet the underlying mechanisms are not fully understood. This study investigates the link between α-Synuclein (α-Syn) pathology and the loss of translocase of the outer mitochondrial membrane 40 (TOM40), unraveling its implications for mitochondrial dysfunctions in neurons. We discovered that TOM40 protein depletion occurs in the brains of patients with Guam Parkinsonism Dementia (Guam PD) and cultured neurons expressing α-Syn proteinopathy, notably, without corresponding changes in TOM40 mRNA levels. Cultured neurons expressing α-Syn mutants, with or without a mitochondria-targeting signal (MTS) underscore the role of α-Syn's mitochondrial localization in inducing TOM40 degradation. Parkinson's Disease related etiological factors, such as 6-hydroxy dopamine or ROS/metal ions stress, which promote α-Syn oligomerization, exacerbate TOM40 depletion in PD patient-derived cells with SNCA gene triplication. Although α-Syn interacts with both TOM40 and TOM20 in the outer mitochondrial membrane, degradation is selective for TOM40, which occurs via the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) pathway. Our comprehensive analyses using Seahorse technology, mitochondrial DNA sequencing, and damage assessments, demonstrate that mutant α-Syn-induced TOM40 loss results in mitochondrial dysfunction, characterized by reduced membrane potential, accumulation of mtDNA damage, deletion/insertion mutations, and altered oxygen consumption rates. Notably, ectopic supplementation of TOM40 or reducing pathological forms of α-Syn using ADP-ribosylation inhibitors ameliorate these mitochondrial defects, suggesting potential therapeutic avenues. In conclusion, our findings provide crucial mechanistic insights into how α-Syn accumulation leads to TOM40 degradation and mitochondrial dysfunction, offering insights for targeted interventions to alleviate mitochondrial defects in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Joy Mitra
- Houston Methodist Research Institute
| | | | - Dale Hamilton
- Center for Bioenergetics, Houston Methodist Research Institute
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Chaudhary H, Dinakaran J, Notup T, Vikram K, Rao KS. Comparison of Adsorption Performance of Biochar Derived from Urban Biowaste Materials for Removal of Heavy Metals. Environ Manage 2024; 73:408-424. [PMID: 37537396 DOI: 10.1007/s00267-023-01866-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the adsorption performance of biochar produced from different types of urban biowaste material viz., sugarcane bagasse (SB), brinjal stem (BS), and citrus peel (CP) for removal of heavy metal ions (Pb, Cu, Cr, and Cd) from aqueous solution. The effects of biowaste material, dosage of biochar, solution pH, and initial concentration of heavy metal ions and isotherm models were performed to understand the possible adsorption mechanisms. The results showed that the biochar derived from BS and SB removes Cu (99.94%), Cr (99.57%), and Cd (99.77%) whereas biochar derived from CP removes Pb (99.59%) and Cu (99.90%) more efficiently from the aqueous solution. Biochar derived from BS showed maximum adsorption capacity for Cu (246.31 mg g-1), Pb (183.15 mg g-1), and Cr (71.89 mg g-1) while the biochar derived from CP showed highest for Cd (15.46 mg g-1). Moreover, biochar derived from BS and SB has more polar functional groups and less hydrophobicity than the biochar derived from CP. This study reveals that solution pH and biochar doses play a major role in removal of heavy metal ions from aqueous solution. The results of Langmuir model fitted well for Pb and Cu while the Freundlich model for Cr and Cd. Our study concludes that the biochar derived from different biowaste materials adsorbs heavy metal ions majorly through surface complexation and precipitation processes. The results of this study will be very useful in selecting the effective urban biowaste material for making biochar for heavy metal removal from the aqueous environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hina Chaudhary
- Natural Resource Management Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Delhi, Delhi, 110007, India.
| | - J Dinakaran
- Department of Botany, Dyal Singh College, University of Delhi, Delhi, 110003, India
| | - Tenzen Notup
- Natural Resource Management Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Delhi, Delhi, 110007, India
| | - Krati Vikram
- Natural Resource Management Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Delhi, Delhi, 110007, India
| | - K S Rao
- Natural Resource Management Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Delhi, Delhi, 110007, India.
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Dave KM, Venna VR, Rao KS, Stolz DB, Quaicoe VA, Maniskas ME, Hildebrand EE, Green D, Chen M, Milosevic J, Zheng SY, Shiva SS, McCullough LD, Manickam DS. Mitochondria-containing extracellular vesicles from mouse vs . human brain endothelial cells for ischemic stroke therapy. bioRxiv 2024:2024.01.16.575903. [PMID: 38293207 PMCID: PMC10827130 DOI: 10.1101/2024.01.16.575903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
Ischemic stroke-induced mitochondrial dysfunction in the blood-brain barrier-forming brain endothelial cells ( BECs ) results in long-term neurological dysfunction post-stroke. We previously reported that intravenous administration of human BEC ( hBEC )-derived mitochondria-containing extracellular vesicles ( EVs ) showed a potential efficacy signal in a mouse middle cerebral artery occlusion ( MCAo ) model of stroke. We hypothesized that EVs harvested from donor species homologous to the recipient species ( e.g., mouse) may improve therapeutic efficacy, and therefore, use of mouse BEC ( mBEC )-derived EVs may improve post-stroke outcomes in MCAo mice. We investigated if EVs derived from the same species as the recipient cell (mBEC-EVs and recipient mBECs or hBECs-EVs and recipient hBECs) show a greater EV mitochondria delivery efficiency than cross-species EVs and recipient cells (mBEC-EVs and recipient hBECs or vice versa ). Our results showed that mBEC-EVs outperformed hBEC-EVs in transferring EV mitochondria to the recipient ischemic mBECs, and improved mBEC mitochondrial function via increasing oxygen consumption rate. mBEC-EVs significantly reduced brain infarct volume and improved behavioral recovery compared to vehicle-injected MCAo mice. Our data suggests that mBEC-EVs show superior therapeutic efficacy in a mouse MCAo stroke model compared to hBEC-EVs-supporting the continued use of mBEC-EVs to optimize the therapeutic potential of mitochondria-containing EVs in preclinical studies.
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Kaushal S, Rao KS, Uniyal PL, Baishya R. Patterns and determinants of soil CO 2 efflux in major forest types of Central Himalayas, India. Environ Monit Assess 2023; 195:876. [PMID: 37351715 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-023-11470-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023]
Abstract
Soil CO2 efflux (Fsoil) is a significant contributor of labile CO2 to the atmosphere. The Himalayas, a global climate hotspot, condense several climate zones on account of their elevational gradients, thus, creating an opportunity to investigate the Fsoil trends in different climate zones. Presently, the studies in the Indian Himalayan region are localized to a particular forest type, climate zone, or area of interest, such as seasonal variation. We used a portable infrared gas analyzer to investigate the Fsoil rates in Himalayan tropical to alpine scrub forest along a 3100-m elevational gradient. Several study parameters such as seasons, forest types, tree species identity, age of trees, distance from tree base, elevation, climatic factors, and soil physico-chemical and enzymatic parameters were investigated to infer their impact on Fsoil regulation. Our results indicate the warm and wet rainy season Fsoil rates to be 3.8 times higher than the cold and relatively dry winter season. The tropical forest types showed up to 11 times higher Fsoil rates than the alpine scrub forest. The temperate Himalayan blue pine and tropical dipterocarp sal showed significant Fsoil rates, while the alpine Rhododendron shrubs the least. Temperature and moisture together regulate the rainy season Fsoil maxima. Spatially, Fsoil rates decreased with distance from the tree base (ρ = - 0.301; p < 0.0001). Nepalese alder showed a significant positive increase in Fsoil with stem girth (R2 = 0.7771; p = 0.048). Species richness (r, 0.81) and diversity (r, 0.77) were significantly associated with Fsoil, while elevation and major edaphic properties showed a negative association. Surface litter inclusion presented an elevation-modulated impact. Temperature sensitivity was exorbitantly higher in the sub-tropical pine (Q10, 11.80) and the alpine scrub (Q10, 9.08) forests. We conclude that the rise in atmospheric temperature and the reduction in stand density could enhance the Fsoil rates on account of increased temperature sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - K S Rao
- Department of Botany, University of Delhi, Delhi, 110007, India
| | - Prem Lal Uniyal
- Department of Botany, University of Delhi, Delhi, 110007, India
| | - Ratul Baishya
- Department of Botany, University of Delhi, Delhi, 110007, India.
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Kaur S, Kaushal S, Adhikari D, Raj K, Rao KS, Tandon R, Goel S, Barik SK, Baishya R. Different GCMs yet similar outcome: predicting the habitat distribution of Shorea robusta C.F. Gaertn. in the Indian Himalayas using CMIP5 and CMIP6 climate models. Environ Monit Assess 2023; 195:715. [PMID: 37221436 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-023-11317-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Climate change impact on the habitat distribution of umbrella species presents a critical threat to the entire regional ecosystem. This is further perilous if the species is economically important. Sal (Shorea robusta C.F. Gaertn.), a climax forest forming Central Himalayan tree species, is one of the most valuable timber species and provides several ecological services. Sal forests are under threat due to over-exploitation, habitat destruction, and climate change. Sal's poor natural regeneration and its unimodal density-diameter distribution in the region illustrate the peril to its habitat. We, modelled the current as well as future distribution of suitable sal habitats under different climate scenarios using 179 sal occurrence points and 8 bioclimatic environmental variables (non-collinear). The CMIP5-based RCP4.5 and CMIP6-based SSP245 climate models under 2041-2060 and 2061-2080 periods were used to predict the impact of climate change on sal's future potential distribution area. The niche model results predict the mean annual temperature and precipitation seasonality as the most influential sal habitat governing variables in the region. The current high suitability region for sal was 4.36% of the total geographic area, which shows a drastic decline to 1.31% and 0.07% under SSP245 for 2041-60 and 2061-80, respectively. The RCP-based models predicted more severe impact than SSP; however, both RCP and SSP models showed complete loss of high suitability regions and overall shift of species northwards in the Uttarakhand state. We could identify the current and future suitable habitats for conserving sal population through assisted regeneration and management of other regional issues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharanjeet Kaur
- Department of Botany, University of Delhi, Delhi, 110007, India
| | | | - Dibyendu Adhikari
- CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Uttar Pradesh, Lucknow, 226001, India
| | - Krishna Raj
- IGCMC, WWF-India, 172-B Lodhi Estate, New Delhi, 110003, India
| | - K S Rao
- Department of Botany, University of Delhi, Delhi, 110007, India
| | - Rajesh Tandon
- Department of Botany, University of Delhi, Delhi, 110007, India
| | - Shailendra Goel
- Department of Botany, University of Delhi, Delhi, 110007, India
| | - Saroj K Barik
- Department of Botany, North-Eastern Hill University, Shillong, 793022, India
| | - Ratul Baishya
- Department of Botany, University of Delhi, Delhi, 110007, India.
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Kumar G, Rajula MP, Rao KS, Ravishankar PL, Albar DH, Bahammam MA, Alamoudi A, Alzahrani KJ, Alsharif KF, Halawani IF, Alzahrani FM, Alnfiai MM, Baeshen HA, Patil S. Antimicrobial Efficacy of Blended Essential Oil and Chlorhexidine against Periodontal Pathogen ( P.gingivalis)-An In Vitro Study. Niger J Clin Pract 2023; 26:625-629. [PMID: 37357480 DOI: 10.4103/njcp.njcp_787_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/27/2023]
Abstract
Background Essential oils (EOs) have a considerable amount of therapeutic and preventive effect in treating dental diseases due to their wider potential as antibacterial and anti-inflammatory agents. EOs like virgin coconut oil, eucalyptus oil, peppermint oil thyme oil, and clove oil, when used in combination, may further have enhanced antimicrobial effects. However, limited information exists on the synergistic effect of these oils when used in combination, especially on the primary periodontal pathogen Porphyromonas gingivalis. Aim The current study aims to compare the antimicrobial efficacy of commercially available EO on the periodontal pathogen, P. gingivalis, in comparison to chlorhexidine (CHX). Materials and Methods Antimicrobial efficacy of EO and CHX was assessed at various concentrations against the periodontal pathogen P. gingivalis, by evaluating the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC). Results P. gingivalis was seen to be sensitive at a MIC of 100 μg/ml and 50 μg/ml concentration of the EO, which is regarded as the MIC of EO against P. gingivalis and CHX effectively inhibited microbial growth at 0.4 μg/ml. Conclusion A combination of EOs possesses a potent antibacterial activity against P. gingivalis, and the antibacterial efficacy increases with increasing concentration of EOs.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Kumar
- Department of Periodontology, SRM Kattankulathur Dental College and Hospital, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, SRM Nagar, Kattankulathur 603203, Kancheepuram, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - M P Rajula
- Department of Periodontology, SRM Kattankulathur Dental College and Hospital, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, SRM Nagar, Kattankulathur 603203, Kancheepuram, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - K S Rao
- Department of Periodontology, SRM Kattankulathur Dental College and Hospital, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, SRM Nagar, Kattankulathur 603203, Kancheepuram, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - P L Ravishankar
- Department of Periodontology, SRM Kattankulathur Dental College and Hospital, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, SRM Nagar, Kattankulathur 603203, Kancheepuram, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - D H Albar
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Jazan University, Saudi Arabia
| | - M A Bahammam
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University. Jeddah; Executive Presidency of Academic Affairs, Saudi Commission for Health Specialties, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - A Alamoudi
- Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - K J Alzahrani
- Department of Clinical Laboratories Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - K F Alsharif
- Department of Clinical Laboratories Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - I F Halawani
- Department of Clinical Laboratories Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - F M Alzahrani
- Department of Clinical Laboratories Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - M M Alnfiai
- Department of Information Technology, College of Computers and Information Technology, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - H A Baeshen
- Department of Orthodontics, College of Dentistry, King Abdulziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - S Patil
- College of Dental Medicine, Roseman University of Health Sciences, South Jordan, UTAH, USA
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Naik B, Nagaraju SP, Guddattu V, Salins N, Prabhu R, Damani A, Naik P, Rao KS, Rao IR, Singhai P. Kannada Translation and Validation of the ESAS-r Renal for Symptom Burden Survey in Patients with End-Stage Kidney Disease. Indian J Palliat Care 2023; 29:195-199. [PMID: 37325264 PMCID: PMC10261939 DOI: 10.25259/ijpc_216_2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives End-stage kidney disease (ESKD) is a life-limiting illness that leads to significant health-related suffering for the patients and their caregivers. Moreover, disease-directed options such as dialysis and renal transplant might not be universally accessible. Inadequate assessment and management of symptoms often lead to diminished quality of life. For evaluating symptoms and their associated distress, various tools have been identified. However, these are not available for the native Kannada-speaking population for assessing ESKD symptom burden. In this study, we determined the reliability and validity of the Edmonton Symptom Assessment System Revised Renal (ESAS-r: Renal) in Kannada-speaking ESKD patients. Materials and Methods ESAS-r: Renal English version was translated into Kannada using the forward and backward method. The translated version was endorsed by Nephrology, Palliative care, Dialysis technology and Nursing experts. As a pilot study, 12 ESKD patients evaluated the content of the questionnaires for appropriateness and relevance. The ESAS-r: Renal Kannada version was validated by administering this tool to 45 patients twice a fortnight. Result The translated ESAS-r: Renal Kannada version questionnaire had an acceptable face and content validity. Experts' opinion was assessed by content validity ratio (CVR), and the value of CVR of ESAS-r: Renal Kannada version was-'1'-. Internal consistency of the tool was assessed among Kannada-speaking ESKD patients; its Cronbach's α was 0.785, and test-retest validity was 0.896. Conclusion The validated Kannada version of ESAS-r: Renal was reliable and valid for assessing symptom burden in ESKD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bharathi Naik
- Department of Renal Replacement Therapy and Dialysis Technology, Manipal College of Health Professions, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Shankar Prasad Nagaraju
- Department of Nephrology, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Vasudeva Guddattu
- Department of Data Science, Prasanna School of Public Health, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Naveen Salins
- Department of Palliative Medicine and Supportive Care, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Ravindra Prabhu
- Department of Nephrology, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Anuja Damani
- Department of Palliative Medicine and Supportive Care, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Prathvi Naik
- Department of Nephrology, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Krithika S. Rao
- Department of Palliative Medicine and Supportive Care, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Indu Ramachandra Rao
- Department of Nephrology, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Pankaj Singhai
- Department of Palliative Medicine, Sri Aurobindo Medical College and PG Institute, Sri Aurobindo University, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India
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Mitra J, Kodavati M, Provasek VE, Rao KS, Mitra S, Hamilton DJ, Horner PJ, Vahidy FS, Britz GW, Kent TA, Hegde ML. SARS-CoV-2 and the central nervous system: Emerging insights into hemorrhage-associated neurological consequences and therapeutic considerations. Ageing Res Rev 2022; 80:101687. [PMID: 35843590 PMCID: PMC9288264 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2022.101687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) continues to impact our lives by causing widespread illness and death and poses a threat due to the possibility of emerging strains. SARS-CoV-2 targets angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) before entering vital organs of the body, including the brain. Studies have shown systemic inflammation, cellular senescence, and viral toxicity-mediated multi-organ failure occur during infectious periods. However, prognostic investigations suggest that both acute and long-term neurological complications, including predisposition to irreversible neurodegenerative diseases, can be a serious concern for COVID-19 survivors, especially the elderly population. As emerging studies reveal sites of SARS-CoV-2 infection in different parts of the brain, potential causes of chronic lesions including cerebral and deep-brain microbleeds and the likelihood of developing stroke-like pathologies increases, with critical long-term consequences, particularly for individuals with neuropathological and/or age-associated comorbid conditions. Our recent studies linking the blood degradation products to genome instability, leading to cellular senescence and ferroptosis, raise the possibility of similar neurovascular events as a result of SARS-CoV-2 infection. In this review, we discuss the neuropathological consequences of SARS-CoV-2 infection in COVID survivors, focusing on possible hemorrhagic damage in brain cells, its association to aging, and the future directions in developing mechanism-guided therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joy Mitra
- Division of DNA Repair Research, Center for Neuroregeneration, Department of Neurosurgery, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
| | - Manohar Kodavati
- Division of DNA Repair Research, Center for Neuroregeneration, Department of Neurosurgery, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Vincent E Provasek
- Division of DNA Repair Research, Center for Neuroregeneration, Department of Neurosurgery, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA; College of Medicine, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - K S Rao
- Department of Biotechnology, Koneru Lakshmaiah Education Foundation Deemed to be University, Green Fields, Vaddeswaram, Andhra Pradesh 522502, India
| | - Sankar Mitra
- Division of DNA Repair Research, Center for Neuroregeneration, Department of Neurosurgery, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Dale J Hamilton
- Center for Bioenergetics, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, USA
| | - Philip J Horner
- Division of DNA Repair Research, Center for Neuroregeneration, Department of Neurosurgery, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, USA
| | - Farhaan S Vahidy
- Center for Outcomes Research, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Gavin W Britz
- Division of DNA Repair Research, Center for Neuroregeneration, Department of Neurosurgery, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, USA
| | - Thomas A Kent
- Center for Genomics and Precision Medicine, Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Institute of Biosciences and Technology, College of Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Muralidhar L Hegde
- Division of DNA Repair Research, Center for Neuroregeneration, Department of Neurosurgery, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, USA.
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12
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Xu X, Jin K, Bais AS, Zhu W, Yagi H, Feinstein TN, Nguyen PK, Criscione JD, Liu X, Beutner G, Karunakaran KB, Rao KS, He H, Adams P, Kuo CK, Kostka D, Pryhuber GS, Shiva S, Ganapathiraju MK, Porter GA, Lin JHI, Aronow B, Lo CW. Uncompensated mitochondrial oxidative stress underlies heart failure in an iPSC-derived model of congenital heart disease. Cell Stem Cell 2022; 29:840-855.e7. [PMID: 35395180 PMCID: PMC9302582 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2022.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Revised: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Hypoplastic left heart syndrome (HLHS) is a severe congenital heart disease with 30% mortality from heart failure (HF) in the first year of life, but the cause of early HF remains unknown. Induced pluripotent stem-cell-derived cardiomyocytes (iPSC-CM) from patients with HLHS showed that early HF is associated with increased apoptosis, mitochondrial respiration defects, and redox stress from abnormal mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP) opening and failed antioxidant response. In contrast, iPSC-CM from patients without early HF showed normal respiration with elevated antioxidant response. Single-cell transcriptomics confirmed that early HF is associated with mitochondrial dysfunction accompanied with endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. These findings indicate that uncompensated oxidative stress underlies early HF in HLHS. Importantly, mitochondrial respiration defects, oxidative stress, and apoptosis were rescued by treatment with sildenafil to inhibit mPTP opening or TUDCA to suppress ER stress. Together these findings point to the potential use of patient iPSC-CM for modeling clinical heart failure and the development of therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinxiu Xu
- Department of Developmental Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Kang Jin
- Division of Biomedical Informatics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA; Department of Biomedical Informatics, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Abha S Bais
- Department of Developmental Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Wenjuan Zhu
- Centre for Cardiovascular Genomics and Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Hisato Yagi
- Department of Developmental Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Timothy N Feinstein
- Department of Developmental Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Phong K Nguyen
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Joseph D Criscione
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Xiaoqin Liu
- Department of Developmental Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Gisela Beutner
- Departments of Pediatrics and Environmental Medicine University of Rochester Medical Center Rochester, NY USA
| | - Kalyani B Karunakaran
- Supercomputer Education and Research Centre, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
| | - Krithika S Rao
- Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Haoting He
- Department of Developmental Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Phillip Adams
- Anesthesiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Catherine K Kuo
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA; Department of Orthopaedics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Dennis Kostka
- Department of Developmental Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Department of Computational & Systems Biology and Pittsburgh Center for Evolutionary Biology and Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Gloria S Pryhuber
- Departments of Pediatrics and Environmental Medicine University of Rochester Medical Center Rochester, NY USA
| | - Sruti Shiva
- Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | | | - George A Porter
- Pediatrics, Pharmacology, and Physiology, Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Jiuann-Huey Ivy Lin
- Department of Developmental Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Department of Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Bruce Aronow
- Division of Biomedical Informatics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA; Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati School of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45256, USA
| | - Cecilia W Lo
- Department of Developmental Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
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13
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Rao KS, Kloppenburg JE, Marquis T, Solomon L, McElroy-Yaggy KL, Spees JL. CTGF-D4 Amplifies LRP6 Signaling to Promote Grafts of Adult Epicardial-derived Cells That Improve Cardiac Function After Myocardial Infarction. Stem Cells 2022; 40:204-214. [PMID: 35257185 PMCID: PMC9199845 DOI: 10.1093/stmcls/sxab016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2017] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Transplantation of stem/progenitor cells holds promise for cardiac regeneration in patients with myocardial infarction (MI). Currently, however, low cell survival and engraftment after transplantation present a major barrier to many forms of cell therapy. One issue is that ligands, receptors, and signaling pathways that promote graft success remain poorly understood. Here, we prospectively isolate uncommitted epicardial cells from the adult heart surface by CD104 (β-4 integrin) and demonstrate that C-terminal peptide from connective tissue growth factor (CTGF-D4), when combined with insulin, effectively primes epicardial-derived cells (EPDC) for cardiac engraftment after MI. Similar to native epicardial derivatives that arise from epicardial EMT at the heart surface, the grafted cells migrated into injured myocardial tissue in a rat model of MI with reperfusion. By echocardiography, at 1 month after MI, we observed significant improvement in cardiac function for animals that received epicardial cells primed with CTGF-D4/insulin compared with those that received vehicle-primed (control) cells. In the presence of insulin, CTGF-D4 treatment significantly increased the phosphorylation of Wnt co-receptor LRP6 on EPDC. Competitive engraftment assays and neutralizing/blocking studies showed that LRP6 was required for EPDC engraftment after transplantation. Our results identify LRP6 as a key target for increasing EPDC engraftment after MI and suggest amplification of LRP6 signaling with CTGF-D4/insulin, or by other means, may provide an effective approach for achieving successful cellular grafts in regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krithika S Rao
- Department of Medicine, Stem Cell Core, University of Vermont, Colchester, VT 05446, USA
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of Vermont, Colchester, VT 05446, USA
| | - Jessica E Kloppenburg
- Department of Medicine, Stem Cell Core, University of Vermont, Colchester, VT 05446, USA
| | - Taylor Marquis
- Department of Medicine, Stem Cell Core, University of Vermont, Colchester, VT 05446, USA
| | - Laura Solomon
- Department of Medicine, Stem Cell Core, University of Vermont, Colchester, VT 05446, USA
| | - Keara L McElroy-Yaggy
- Department of Medicine, Stem Cell Core, University of Vermont, Colchester, VT 05446, USA
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of Vermont, Colchester, VT 05446, USA
| | - Jeffrey L Spees
- Department of Medicine, Stem Cell Core, University of Vermont, Colchester, VT 05446, USA
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of Vermont, Colchester, VT 05446, USA
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14
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Liebman B, Schwaegler C, Foote AT, Rao KS, Marquis T, Aronshtam A, Bell SP, Gogo P, LaChapelle RR, Spees JL. Human Growth Factor/Immunoglobulin Complexes for Treatment of Myocardial Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:749787. [PMID: 35295649 PMCID: PMC8918831 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.749787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocyte Growth Factor (HGF) and Fibroblast Growth Factor 2 (FGF2) are receptor tyrosine kinase agonists that promote cell survival after tissue injury and angiogenesis, cell proliferation and migration during tissue repair and regeneration. Both ligands have potential as systemic treatments for ischemia-reperfusion injury, however clinical use of HGF and FGF2 has been limited by poor pharmacokinetic profiles, i.e., their susceptibility to serum proteases, rapid clearance and short half-lives. Previously, we reported vaso- and cardioprotective protein complexes formed between HGF and polyclonal, non-specific immunoglobulin (IgG) with therapeutic efficacy in a rat model of myocardial ischemia with reperfusion (MI/R). Here, using a pre-clinical porcine MI/R model, we demonstrate human HGF/IgG complexes provide significant myocardial salvage, reduce infarct size, and are detectable in myocardial tissue 24 h after intracoronary injection. Furthermore, we show that multiple daily infusions of HGF/IgG complexes after MI do not lead to production of HGF-specific auto-antibodies, an important concern for administered biologic drugs. In experiments to identify other growth factors that non-covalently interact with IgG, we found that human FGF2 associates with IgG. Similar to human HGF/IgG complexes, FGF2/IgG complexes protected primary human cardiac endothelial cells under simulated ischemia (1% oxygen and nutrient deprivation) for 48–72 h. Molecular modeling studies suggested that FGF2 and HGF both interact with the Fc domain of IgG. Also, we tested whether an Fc-fusion protein would bind FGF2 to form complexes. By native gel electrophoretic assays and biochemical pulldowns, we found that Jagged1, a Notch1 ligand that controls stem cell self-renewal and tissue regeneration, bound FGF2 when presented as a Jagged1- Fc fusion protein. Our results suggest that human growth factor/IgG and FGF2/Fc- fusion complexes have potential to provide a biologics platform to treat myocardial ischemia-reperfusion and other forms of tissue injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Liebman
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of Vermont, Colchester, VT, United States
- Pharmacology Graduate Program, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, United States
| | - Claire Schwaegler
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of Vermont, Colchester, VT, United States
| | - Andrea T. Foote
- Cellular and Molecular Biomedical Sciences Program, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, United States
| | - Krithika S. Rao
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of Vermont, Colchester, VT, United States
| | - Taylor Marquis
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of Vermont, Colchester, VT, United States
| | - Alexander Aronshtam
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of Vermont, Colchester, VT, United States
| | - Stephen P. Bell
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of Vermont, Colchester, VT, United States
| | - Prospero Gogo
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of Vermont, Colchester, VT, United States
| | - Richard R. LaChapelle
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of Vermont, Colchester, VT, United States
| | - Jeffrey L. Spees
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of Vermont, Colchester, VT, United States
- Cellular and Molecular Biomedical Sciences Program, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, United States
- *Correspondence: Jeffrey L. Spees,
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15
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Gupta M, Rao SR, Salins N, Singhai P, Rao KS. Maggots in the Intercostal Drain: Case Report of a Rare Presentation with a Brief Review of Literature. Indian J Palliat Care 2021; 27:439-441. [PMID: 34898938 PMCID: PMC8655648 DOI: 10.25259/ijpc_428_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Maggots are dipterous larvae of flies. Infestation of vertebrate animals (including humans) by maggots is termed as Myiasis. Warm and Humid climate, low socio-economic status, lack of knowledge and poor living conditions, malignant wounds predispose the cancer patients to maggot infestation in India. Apart from infestation in the wounds; oral, ophthalmic, nasal, aural, enteric, urogenital, trachea-pulmonary and rectal myiasis have been reported. Maggot infestation of the Intercostal drain (ICD) container without associated pleural myiasis is an extremely rare entity. We describe a rare case report of maggots in the ICD in a patient with metastatic chondrosarcoma femur with ICD in situ for malignant pleural effusion. Early detection and management are the keys to prevent the catastrophic complication of pleural myiasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayank Gupta
- Department of Palliative Medicine and Supportive Care, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Seema Rajesh Rao
- Department of Palliative Medicine and Supportive Care, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Naveen Salins
- Department of Palliative Medicine and Supportive Care, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Pankaj Singhai
- Department of Palliative Medicine and Supportive Care, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Krithika S Rao
- Department of Palliative Medicine and Supportive Care, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
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16
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Rao SR, Rao KS, Singhai P, Gupta M, Rao S, Shanbhag V, Balakrishnan JM, Acharya RV, Varma M, Saravu K, Munikrishna R, Thomas J, Muthanna CG, Shetty A, Rao SK, Salins N. COVID-19 Palliative and End-of-Life Care Plan: Development and Audit of Outcomes. Indian J Palliat Care 2021; 28:272-279. [PMID: 36072250 PMCID: PMC9443125 DOI: 10.25259/ijpc_59_2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives: Palliative care (PC) referral in serious and critical COVID-19 improves decision-making, health resource utilisation, end-of-life symptom management and family support. In this study, we explored developing a systematic decision-making matrix for PC referral in COVID-19 and audited its outcomes. Materials and Methods: A team of interdisciplinary experts developed a hospital COVID-19 PC plan. PC referral and outcomes of PC referral in hospitalised COVID-19 patients were audited. Results: Out of 1575 inpatients, 1066 (67.7%) had mild and 509 (32.3%) had serious and critical COVID-19 illness. Among 50 (3.1%) referred to PC, 5 (0.4%) had mild and 45 (8.8%) had serious and critical COVID-19 illness. Out of 45 serious and critical COVID-19 patients referred to PC, 38 (84%) received end-of-life care (EOLC), 4 (9%) self-discharged against medical advice and 3 (7%) recovered. Forty-seven (94%) were referred for goals-of-care discussion. About 78% received opioids, 70% benzodiazepines and 42% haloperidol for symptom management. Among 45 serious and critical COVID-19 patients referred to PC, foregoing life-sustaining treatment was documented in 43 (96%) but implemented only in 23 (53%). Out of 38 who received EOLC, ICU was the place of death in 31 (82%) and ward in 7 (18%). Conclusion: Despite interdisciplinary experts developing a hospital COVID-19 PC, low referral of serious and critical COVID-19 patients to PC was observed. PC referral enabled access to management of end-of-life symptoms and facilitated limitation of life-sustaining treatment in some COVID-19 patients with serious illness. Educating critical care physicians about the scope of PC in the COVID-19 setting might improve PC referral.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seema Rajesh Rao
- Department of Palliative Medicine and Supportive Care, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Karnataka, India,
| | - Krithika S. Rao
- Department of Palliative Medicine and Supportive Care, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Karnataka, India,
| | - Pankaj Singhai
- Department of Palliative Medicine and Supportive Care, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Karnataka, India,
| | - Mayank Gupta
- Department of Palliative Medicine and Supportive Care, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Karnataka, India,
| | - Shwetapriya Rao
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Karnataka, India,
| | - Vishal Shanbhag
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Karnataka, India,
| | - Jayaraj Mymbilly Balakrishnan
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Karnataka, India,
| | - Raviraja V. Acharya
- Department of General Medicine, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Karnataka, India,
| | - Muralidhar Varma
- Department of Infectious Disease, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Karnataka, India,
| | - Kavitha Saravu
- Department of Infectious Disease, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Karnataka, India,
| | - Rahul Munikrishna
- Department of Healthcare Operations, Kasturba Hospital, Manipal, Karnataka, India,
| | - Jibu Thomas
- Department of Healthcare Operations, Kasturba Hospital, Manipal, Karnataka, India,
| | - C. G. Muthanna
- Department of Healthcare Operations, Kasturba Hospital, Manipal, Karnataka, India,
| | - Avinash Shetty
- Department of Community Medicine, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India,
| | - Sharath Kumar Rao
- Department of Orthopaedics, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India,
| | - Naveen Salins
- Department of Palliative Medicine and Supportive Care, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Karnataka, India,
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Bhat K V, Rao KS, Vijayasekharan K, Venkatagiri AM, Ashwini S, Singhai P, Rao SR, Gupta M, Salins N. Evaluating the Need for Integrated Pediatric Palliative Care Services in a Pediatric Oncology Setting: A Retrospective Audit. Indian J Palliat Care 2021; 27:286-290. [PMID: 34511798 PMCID: PMC8428874 DOI: 10.25259/ijpc_460_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2020] [Accepted: 01/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: Early integrated palliative care has shown to improve the quality of life in patients with cancer. During the past decade, pediatric palliative care has become an established area of medical expertise, however due to scant information available regarding the triggers for referral and referral practice very few children receive a formal palliative care consult. Materials and Methods: A retrospective audit of medical case records of pediatric oncology patients over a period of 1 year from September 30, 2019, to September 30, 2020, was conducted. Demographic details, diagnosis, staging, clinical parameters, reason for referral, and palliative care plan were captured in a predesigned pro forma. Results: Among 126 children with cancer, 27 (21.4%) patients were referred to palliative care. Majority 21 (77%) referrals were inpatient consults. Symptom management 17 (44.7%) was the most common trigger for referral followed by referrals for psychosocial support 12 (14.4%). Children with solid tumors 16 (59%) were more often referred than hematological malignancies. Among those needing end of life care, 8 (88.8%) out of 9 families preferred home than hospital. Conclusion: Low incidence of palliative care referral and presence of symptoms as a trigger for palliative care referral suggests gaps in the integrated approach. The study findings prompt a review of palliative care referral criteria and referral practice in a pediatric oncology setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasudeva Bhat K
- Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Krithika S Rao
- Department of Palliative Medicine and Supportive Care, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Kalasekhar Vijayasekharan
- Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Archana Mevalegire Venkatagiri
- Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - S Ashwini
- Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Pankaj Singhai
- Department of Palliative Medicine and Supportive Care, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Seema Rajesh Rao
- Department of Palliative Medicine and Supportive Care, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Mayank Gupta
- Department of Palliative Medicine and Supportive Care, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Naveen Salins
- Department of Palliative Medicine and Supportive Care, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
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18
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Orjuela A, Lakey-Beitia J, Mojica-Flores R, Hegde ML, Lans I, Alí-Torres J, Rao KS. Computational Evaluation of Interaction Between Curcumin Derivatives and Amyloid-β Monomers and Fibrils: Relevance to Alzheimer's Disease. J Alzheimers Dis 2021; 82:S321-S333. [PMID: 33337368 DOI: 10.3233/jad-200941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The most important hallmark in the neuropathology of Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the formation of amyloid-β (Aβ) fibrils due to the misfolding/aggregation of the Aβ peptide. Preventing or reverting the aggregation process has been an active area of research. Naturally occurring products are a potential source of molecules that may be able to inhibit Aβ42 peptide aggregation. Recently, we and others reported the anti-aggregating properties of curcumin and some of its derivatives in vitro, presenting an important therapeutic avenue by enhancing these properties. OBJECTIVE To computationally assess the interaction between Aβ peptide and a set of curcumin derivatives previously explored in experimental assays. METHODS The interactions of ten ligands with Aβ monomers were studied by combining molecular dynamics and molecular docking simulations. We present the in silico evaluation of the interaction between these derivatives and the Aβ42 peptide, both in the monomeric and fibril forms. RESULTS The results show that a single substitution in curcumin could significantly enhance the interaction between the derivatives and the Aβ42 monomers when compared to a double substitution. In addition, the molecular docking simulations showed that the interaction between the curcumin derivatives and the Aβ42 monomers occur in a region critical for peptide aggregation. CONCLUSION Results showed that a single substitution in curcumin improved the interaction of the ligands with the Aβ monomer more so than a double substitution. Our molecular docking studies thus provide important insights for further developing/validating novel curcumin-derived molecules with high therapeutic potential for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Orjuela
- Departamento de Química, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá DC, Colombia
| | - Johant Lakey-Beitia
- Centre for Biodiversity and Drug Discovery, Instituto de Investigaciones Científicas y Servicios de Alta Tecnología (INDICASAT AIP), Clayton, City of Knowledge, Panama
| | - Randy Mojica-Flores
- Centre for Biodiversity and Drug Discovery, Instituto de Investigaciones Científicas y Servicios de Alta Tecnología (INDICASAT AIP), Clayton, City of Knowledge, Panama
| | - Muralidhar L Hegde
- Department of Neurosurgery, Center for Neuroregeneration, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, USA.,Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Isaias Lans
- Biophysics of Tropical Diseases, Max Planck Tandem Group, University of Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Jorge Alí-Torres
- Departamento de Química, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá DC, Colombia
| | - K S Rao
- Centre for Neuroscience, Instituto de Investigaciones Científicas y Servicios de Alta Tecnología (INDICASAT AIP), Clayton, City of Knowledge, Panama
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19
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Rao IR, Vallath N, Anupama YJ, Gupta KL, Rao KS. Decision-making around Commencing Dialysis. Indian J Palliat Care 2021; 27:S6-S10. [PMID: 34188372 PMCID: PMC8191747 DOI: 10.4103/ijpc.ijpc_61_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
The decision regarding dialysis initiation is complex. Awareness that renal replacement therapy should not be regarded as default therapy for every patient with advanced renal failure is necessary. Decision to initiate dialysis and modality should be individualized in a shared decision-making process involving the treating nephrologist and the patient. Patients should receive predialysis education early in the course of chronic kidney disease so as to help prepare them well in advance for this eventuality. Withholding dialysis may be a reasonable option in a certain subset of patients, especially elderly patient with multiple co-morbid illnesses. Comprehensive conservation care should be offered in all patients where the decision to not dialyze is taken.
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Affiliation(s)
- Indu Ramachandra Rao
- Department of Nephrology, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Nandini Vallath
- Division of Palliative Care, National Cancer Grid, India.,Department of Palliative Care, BARC Hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India.,Department of Palliative Care and Division of Medical Humanities, KEM Hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Y J Anupama
- Department of Nephrology, Nanjappa Hospital, Shivamogga, Karnataka, India
| | - Krishan Lal Gupta
- Department of Nephrology and Renal Transplantation, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Krithika S Rao
- Palliative Medicine and Supportive Care, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
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20
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Lakey-Beitia J, Vasquez V, Mojica-Flores R, Fuentes C AL, Murillo E, Hedge ML, Rao KS. Pouteria sapota (Red Mamey Fruit): Chemistry and Biological Activity of Carotenoids. Comb Chem High Throughput Screen 2021; 25:1134-1147. [PMID: 33645478 DOI: 10.2174/1386207324666210301093711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Red mamey fruit known as P. sapota, comes from trees found in Mesoamerica and Asia. This fruit is considered a nutraceutical food due to it's a food and has multiple beneficial health including anti-amyloidogenic activity and potential anti-tumorigenic property. Red mamey fruit contain a variety of carotenoids including novel ketocarotenoids such as sapotexanthin and cryptocapsin. A ketocarotenoid is a chemical compound with a carbonyl group present in the β-ring or in the double bond chain of a carotenoid. In red mamey, the 3'-deoxy-k-end group in sapotexanthin has proved to be an important pro-vitamin A source, which is essential for maintaining a healthy vision and cognitive processes. OBJECTIVE Summarize the chemistry and biological activity of the studied carotenoids present in this fruit until now. METHOD An exhaustive extraction is the most usual methodology to isolate and thoroughly characterize the carotenoids present in this fruit. High performance liquid chromatography is used to determine the profile of total carotenoid and its purity. Atmospheric pressure chemical ionization is used to determine the molecular weight of carotenoid. Nuclear magnetic resonance is used to determine the structure of carotenoids. RESULT For each 100 g of fresh weight, 0.12 mg of total carotenoid from this fruit can be obtained. Out of the more than 47 reported carotenoids in red mamey, only 34 have a detailed characterization. CONCLUSION it is important to continue studying the chemical composition and biological activity of this unique tropical fruit with commercial and nutritional value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johant Lakey-Beitia
- Centre for Biodiversity and Drug Discovery, Instituto de Investigaciones Científicas y Servicios de Alta Tecnología (INDICASAT AIP), Clayton, City of Knowledge, 0843-01103. Panama
| | - Velmarini Vasquez
- Centre for Neuroscience, Instituto de Investigaciones Científicas y Servicios de Alta Tecnología (INDICASAT AIP), Clayton, City of Knowledge, 0843-01103. Panama
| | - Randy Mojica-Flores
- Centre for Biodiversity and Drug Discovery, Instituto de Investigaciones Científicas y Servicios de Alta Tecnología (INDICASAT AIP), Clayton, City of Knowledge, 0843-01103. Panama
| | - Arelys L Fuentes C
- Centre for Biodiversity and Drug Discovery, Instituto de Investigaciones Científicas y Servicios de Alta Tecnología (INDICASAT AIP), Clayton, City of Knowledge, 0843-01103. Panama
| | - Enrique Murillo
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Exact Natural Sciences and Technology, University of Panama, Panama City. Panama
| | - Muralidhar L Hedge
- Department of Neurosurgery, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, Texas, 77030. United States
| | - K S Rao
- Centre for Neuroscience, Instituto de Investigaciones Científicas y Servicios de Alta Tecnología (INDICASAT AIP), Clayton, City of Knowledge, 0843-01103. Panama
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21
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Alipour A, Mozhdehfarahbakhsh A, Nouri S, Petramfar P, Tahamtan M, Kamali AM, Rao KS, Nami M. Studies on the Bottom-Up and Top-Down Neural Information Flow Alterations in Neurodegeneration. J Alzheimers Dis 2020; 78:169-183. [PMID: 32955463 DOI: 10.3233/jad-200590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A proper explanation for perceptual symptoms in neurodegenerative disorders including Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease (PD) is still lacking. OBJECTIVE This study aimed at investigating the imbalance between 'bottom-up' and 'top-down' information flow (IF) and processing in PD in relation with visual hallucination symptoms. METHODS Here, we looked at bottom-up and top-down IF markers using resting state electroencephalographic (EEG) data from PD patients analyzed through three different IF measures (direct Directed Transfer Function (dDTF), full frequency Directed Transfer Function (ff-DTF), and renormalized Partial Directed Coherence (rPDC). RESULTS We observed an increased gamma band IF and a reduced beta band IF in PD patients compared to healthy controls. Additionally, we noticed a reduced theta band IF in PD patients using dDTF as a measure of IF. By source localizing the EEG activity of the PD patients and healthy controls, we looked at the alterations of IF in the prefrontal cortex of PD patients as well. CONCLUSION In line with previous studies, our results suggest that the delicate balance between bottom-up and top-down IF is disrupted in Parkinson's disease potentially contributing to the cognitive symptoms of PD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abolfazl Alipour
- Neuroscience Laboratory, NSL (Brain, Cognition and Behavior), Department of Neuroscience, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.,Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA.,Program in Neuroscience, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA
| | - Azadeh Mozhdehfarahbakhsh
- Neuroscience Laboratory, NSL (Brain, Cognition and Behavior), Department of Neuroscience, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Saba Nouri
- Neuroscience Laboratory, NSL (Brain, Cognition and Behavior), Department of Neuroscience, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Peyman Petramfar
- Clinical Neurology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mahshid Tahamtan
- DANA Brain Health Institute, Iranian Neuroscience Society-Fars Chapter, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Ali-Mohammad Kamali
- DANA Brain Health Institute, Iranian Neuroscience Society-Fars Chapter, Shiraz, Iran
| | - K S Rao
- Centre for Neuroscience, Instituto de Investigaciones Científicas y Servicios de Alta Tecnología (INDICASAT AIP), Panama City, Panama
| | - Mohammad Nami
- Neuroscience Laboratory, NSL (Brain, Cognition and Behavior), Department of Neuroscience, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.,DANA Brain Health Institute, Iranian Neuroscience Society-Fars Chapter, Shiraz, Iran.,Centre for Neuroscience, Instituto de Investigaciones Científicas y Servicios de Alta Tecnología (INDICASAT AIP), Panama City, Panama.,Institute for Cognitive Science Studies-ICSS, Brain and Cognition Clinic, Tehran, Iran
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22
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Abstract
The novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic has led to significant distress among people of all age groups. Patients with advanced age and severe life-limiting illnesses are at increased risk of death from COVID-19. Not all patients presenting with severe illness will be eligible for aggressive intensive treatment. In limited resource setting, patients may be triaged for supportive care only. This subset of patients should be promptly identified and receive appropriate palliative care with adequate symptom control strategies and psychosocial support. Breathlessness, delirium, pain, and noisy breathing are main symptoms among these patients which can add to the suffering at end-of-life. The COVID-19 pandemic also contributes to the psychological distress due to stigma of the illness, uncertainty of the illness course, fear of death and dying in isolation, and anticipatory grief in families. Empathetic communication and holistic psychosocial support are important in providing good palliative care in COVID-19 patients and their families.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krithika S. Rao
- Department of Palliative Medicine and Supportive Care, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India,
| | - Pankaj Singhai
- Department of Palliative Medicine and Supportive Care, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India,
| | - Naveen Salins
- Department of Palliative Medicine and Supportive Care, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India,
| | - Seema Rajesh Rao
- Department of Palliative Medicine and Supportive Care, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India,
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23
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Henkel M, Partyka J, Gregory AD, Forno E, Cho MH, Eddens T, Tout AR, Salamacha N, Horne W, Rao KS, Wu Y, Alcorn JF, Kostka D, Hirsch R, Celedón JC, Shapiro SD, Kolls JK, Campfield BT. FSTL-1 Attenuation Causes Spontaneous Smoke-Resistant Pulmonary Emphysema. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2020; 201:934-945. [PMID: 31834999 PMCID: PMC7159415 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.201905-0973oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Rationale: The role of FSTL-1 (follistatin-like 1) in lung homeostasis is unknown.Objectives: We aimed to define the impact of FSTL-1 attenuation on lung structure and function and to identify FSTL-1-regulated transcriptional pathways in the lung. Further, we aimed to analyze the association of FSTL-1 SNPs with lung disease.Methods: FSTL-1 hypomorphic (FSTL-1 Hypo) mice underwent lung morphometry, pulmonary function testing, and micro-computed tomography. Fstl1 expression was determined in wild-type lung cell populations from three independent research groups. RNA sequencing of wild-type and FSTL-1 Hypo mice identified FSTL-1-regulated gene expression, followed by validation and mechanistic in vitro examination. FSTL1 SNP analysis was performed in the COPDGene (Genetic Epidemiology of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease) cohort.Measurements and Main Results: FSTL-1 Hypo mice developed spontaneous emphysema, independent of smoke exposure. Fstl1 is highly expressed in the lung by mesenchymal and endothelial cells but not immune cells. RNA sequencing of whole lung identified 33 FSTL-1-regulated genes, including Nr4a1, an orphan nuclear hormone receptor that negatively regulates NF-κB (nuclear factor-κB) signaling. In vitro, recombinant FSTL-1 treatment of macrophages attenuated NF-κB p65 phosphorylation in an Nr4a1-dependent manner. Within the COPDGene cohort, several SNPs in the FSTL1 region corresponded to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and lung function.Conclusions: This work identifies a novel role for FSTL-1 protecting against emphysema development independent of smoke exposure. This FSTL-1-deficient emphysema implicates regulation of immune tolerance in lung macrophages through Nr4a1. Further study of the mechanisms involving FSTL-1 in lung homeostasis, immune regulation, and NF-κB signaling may provide additional insight into the pathophysiology of emphysema and inflammatory lung diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Henkel
- Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases
- University of Pittsburgh Medical Center Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Jessica Partyka
- Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases
- University of Pittsburgh Medical Center Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Alyssa D. Gregory
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine
| | - Erick Forno
- Division of Pediatric Pulmonary Medicine
- Richard K. Mellon Institute for Pediatric Research, and
- University of Pittsburgh Medical Center Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Michael H. Cho
- Channing Division of Network Medicine and
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; and
| | - Taylor Eddens
- Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases
- University of Pittsburgh Medical Center Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | | | - Nathan Salamacha
- Department of Developmental Biology
- University of Pittsburgh Medical Center Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - William Horne
- Richard K. Mellon Institute for Pediatric Research, and
- University of Pittsburgh Medical Center Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | | | - Yijen Wu
- Department of Developmental Biology
- University of Pittsburgh Medical Center Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - John F. Alcorn
- Division of Pediatric Pulmonary Medicine
- University of Pittsburgh Medical Center Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Dennis Kostka
- Department of Developmental Biology
- Department of Computational and Systems Biology, and
- Center for Evolutionary Biology and Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Raphael Hirsch
- Stead Family Department of Pediatrics, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Juan C. Celedón
- Division of Pediatric Pulmonary Medicine
- University of Pittsburgh Medical Center Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Steven D. Shapiro
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine
| | - Jay K. Kolls
- Richard K. Mellon Institute for Pediatric Research, and
- University of Pittsburgh Medical Center Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Brian T. Campfield
- Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases
- Richard K. Mellon Institute for Pediatric Research, and
- University of Pittsburgh Medical Center Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
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24
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Vasquez V, Mitra J, Wang H, Hegde PM, Rao KS, Hegde ML. A multi-faceted genotoxic network of alpha-synuclein in the nucleus and mitochondria of dopaminergic neurons in Parkinson's disease: Emerging concepts and challenges. Prog Neurobiol 2020; 185:101729. [PMID: 31863801 PMCID: PMC7098698 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2019.101729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2019] [Revised: 10/15/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
α-Synuclein is a hallmark amyloidogenic protein component of the Lewy bodies (LBs) present in dopaminergic neurons affected by Parkinson's disease (PD). Despite an enormous increase in emerging knowledge, the mechanism(s) of α-synuclein neurobiology and crosstalk among pathological events that are critical for PD progression remains enigmatic, creating a roadblock for effective intervention strategies. One confounding question is about the potential link between α-synuclein toxicity and genome instability in PD. We previously reported that pro-oxidant metal ions, together with reactive oxygen species (ROS), act as a "double whammy" in dopaminergic neurons by not only inducing genome damage but also inhibiting their repair. Our recent studies identified a direct role for chromatin-bound, oxidized α-synuclein in the induction of DNA strand breaks, which raised the question of a paradoxical role for α-synuclein's DNA binding in neuroprotection versus neurotoxicity. Furthermore, recent advances in our understanding of α-synuclein mediated mitochondrial dysfunction warrants revisiting the topics of α-synuclein pathophysiology in order to devise and assess the efficacy of α-synuclein-targeted interventions. In this review article, we discuss the multi-faceted neurotoxic role of α-synuclein in the nucleus and mitochondria with a particular emphasis on the role of α-synuclein in DNA damage/repair defects. We utilized a protein-DNA binding simulation to identify potential residues in α-synuclein that could mediate its binding to DNA and may be critical for its genotoxic functions. These emerging insights and paradigms may guide new drug targets and therapeutic modalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Velmarini Vasquez
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, 77030, USA; Centre for Neuroscience, Instituto de Investigaciones Científicas y Servicios de Alta Tecnología, City of Knowledge, Panama
| | - Joy Mitra
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Haibo Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, 77030, USA; Center for Neuroregeneration, Department of Neurosurgery, Methodist Neurological Institute, Institute of Academic Medicine, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Pavana M Hegde
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - K S Rao
- Centre for Neuroscience, Instituto de Investigaciones Científicas y Servicios de Alta Tecnología, City of Knowledge, Panama
| | - Muralidhar L Hegde
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, 77030, USA; Center for Neuroregeneration, Department of Neurosurgery, Methodist Neurological Institute, Institute of Academic Medicine, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX, 77030, USA; Weill Cornell Medical College of Cornell University, New York, 10065, USA.
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25
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Vasquez V, Mitra J, Perry G, Rao KS, Hegde ML. An Inducible Alpha-Synuclein Expressing Neuronal Cell Line Model for Parkinson's Disease1. J Alzheimers Dis 2019; 66:453-460. [PMID: 30320583 DOI: 10.3233/jad-180610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Altered expression of α-synuclein is linked to Parkinson's disease (PD). A major challenge to explore how the increased α-synuclein affect neurotoxicity is the lack of a suitable human neuronal cell model that mimics this scenario. Its expression in neural precursors affects their differentiation process, in addition to the neuronal adaptability and variability in maintaining a constant level of expression across passages. Here, we describe an SH-SY5Y line harboring Tet-ON SNCA cDNA cassette that allows for induction of controlled α-synuclein expression after neuronal differentiation, which can be an important tool for PD research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Velmarini Vasquez
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, USA.,Centre for Neuroscience, Instituto de Investigaciones Científicas y Servicios de Alta Tecnología, City of Knowledge, Republic of Panama.,Department of Biotechnology, Acharya Nagarjuna University, Guntur, India.,Houston Methodist Neurological Institute, Institute of Academic Medicine, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Joy Mitra
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, USA.,Houston Methodist Neurological Institute, Institute of Academic Medicine, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
| | - George Perry
- College of Sciences, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - K S Rao
- Centre for Neuroscience, Instituto de Investigaciones Científicas y Servicios de Alta Tecnología, City of Knowledge, Republic of Panama
| | - Muralidhar L Hegde
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, USA.,Houston Methodist Neurological Institute, Institute of Academic Medicine, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX, USA.,Weill Cornell Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY, USA
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26
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Guerrero EN, Mitra J, Wang H, Rangaswamy S, Hegde PM, Basu P, Rao KS, Hegde ML. Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis-associated TDP-43 mutation Q331K prevents nuclear translocation of XRCC4-DNA ligase 4 complex and is linked to genome damage-mediated neuronal apoptosis. Hum Mol Genet 2019; 28:3161-3162. [PMID: 31504503 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddz141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2018] [Revised: 02/15/2019] [Accepted: 03/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Erika N Guerrero
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA.,Center for Neuroscience, Instituto de Investigaciones Científicas y Servicios de Alta Tecnología (INDICASAT AIP), City of Knowledge, Republic of Panama.,Department of Biotechnology, Acharya Nagarjuna University, Guntur 522510, India
| | - Joy Mitra
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Haibo Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Suganya Rangaswamy
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Pavana M Hegde
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Priyadarshini Basu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - K S Rao
- Center for Neuroscience, Instituto de Investigaciones Científicas y Servicios de Alta Tecnología (INDICASAT AIP), City of Knowledge, Republic of Panama
| | - Muralidhar L Hegde
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA.,Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, 10065, USA.,Houston Methodist Neurological Institute, Institute of Academic Medicine, Houston Methodist, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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27
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Guerrero EN, Mitra J, Wang H, Rangaswamy S, Hegde PM, Basu P, Rao KS, Hegde ML. Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis-associated TDP-43 mutation Q331K prevents nuclear translocation of XRCC4-DNA ligase 4 complex and is linked to genome damage-mediated neuronal apoptosis. Hum Mol Genet 2019; 28:2459-2476. [PMID: 31067307 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddz062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2018] [Revised: 02/15/2019] [Accepted: 03/21/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Dominant mutations in the RNA/DNA-binding protein TDP-43 have been linked to amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Here, we screened genomic DNA extracted from spinal cord specimens of sporadic ALS patients for mutations in the TARDBP gene and identified a patient specimen with previously reported Q331K mutation. The patient spinal cord tissue with Q331K mutation showed accumulation of higher levels of DNA strand breaks and the DNA double-strand break (DSB) marker γH2AX, compared to age-matched controls, suggesting a role of the Q331K mutation in genome-damage accumulation. Using conditional SH-SY5Y lines ectopically expressing wild-type (WT) or Q331K-mutant TDP-43, we confirmed the increased cytosolic sequestration of the poly-ubiquitinated and aggregated form of mutant TDP-43, which correlated with increased genomic DNA strand breaks, activation of the DNA damage response factors phospho-ataxia-telangiectasia mutated (ATM), phospho-53BP1, γH2AX and neuronal apoptosis. We recently reported the involvement of WT TDP-43 in non-homologous end joining (NHEJ)-mediated DSB repair, where it acts as a scaffold for the recruitment of XRCC4-DNA ligase 4 complex. Here, the mutant TDP-43, due to its reduced interaction and enhanced cytosolic mislocalization, prevented the nuclear translocation of XRCC4-DNA ligase 4. Consistently, the mutant cells showed significantly reduced DNA strand break sealing activity and were sensitized to DNA-damaging drugs. In addition, the mutant cells showed elevated levels of reactive oxygen species, suggesting both dominant negative and loss-of-function effects of the mutation. Together, our study uncovered an association of sporadic Q331K mutation with persistent genome damage accumulation due to both damage induction and repair defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika N Guerrero
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, USA.,Center for Neuroscience, Instituto de Investigaciones Científicas y Servicios de Alta Tecnología (INDICASAT AIP), City of Knowledge, Republic of Panama.,Department of Biotechnology, Acharya Nagarjuna University, Guntur, India
| | - Joy Mitra
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Haibo Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Suganya Rangaswamy
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Pavana M Hegde
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Priyadarshini Basu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, USA
| | - K S Rao
- Center for Neuroscience, Instituto de Investigaciones Científicas y Servicios de Alta Tecnología (INDICASAT AIP), City of Knowledge, Republic of Panama
| | - Muralidhar L Hegde
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, USA.,Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, USA.,Houston Methodist Neurological Institute, Institute of Academic Medicine, Houston Methodist, Houston, USA
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28
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Rao KS, Ganesh D, Yehya F, Chaudhary AK. A comparative study of thermal stability of TNT, RDX, CL20 and ANTA explosives using UV 266 nm-time resolved photoacoustic pyrolysis technique. Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc 2019; 211:212-220. [PMID: 30550983 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2018.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2018] [Revised: 11/11/2018] [Accepted: 12/05/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The paper reports the potential use of UV based pulsed photoacoustic spectroscopy to study the thermal stability of some well-known premier explosives such as TNT, RDX, CL20, and ANTA between 30 and 350 °C range. The thermal PA spectra of samples were recorded using fourth harmonic wavelength i.e. 266 nm of pulse duration 7 ns and repetition rate 10 Hz obtained from Q-switched Nd: YAG laser system. Under the influence of UV radiation, the explosive molecules in vapor phase follow the photodissociation process and converted into their byproducts such as NO, NO2 and N2O etc. due to π* ← n transitions, which are responsible for the generation resultant PA signal at 266 nm wavelength. The results obtained from PA spectra as a function of temperature are cross verified with Thermo gravimetric-differential thermal analysis (TG-DTA) to ascertain the thermal stability of these samples. The comparative PA spectra of samples were analyzed and shown the behavior of acoustic modes with respect to incident laser energy, and data acquisition time. Finally, the thermal quality factor "Q" is measured to test the stability of reported explosives.
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Affiliation(s)
- K S Rao
- Advanced Centre of Research in High Energy Materials (ACRHEM), University of Hyderabad, 500046, India
| | - D Ganesh
- Advanced Centre of Research in High Energy Materials (ACRHEM), University of Hyderabad, 500046, India
| | - F Yehya
- Advanced Centre of Research in High Energy Materials (ACRHEM), University of Hyderabad, 500046, India; Department of Physics, Faculty of Education, Al-Baida University, Al-Baida 38018, Yemen
| | - A K Chaudhary
- Advanced Centre of Research in High Energy Materials (ACRHEM), University of Hyderabad, 500046, India.
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Rao KS, Razdan AK, Tyagi A, Chaudhary AK. Temperature dependent time resolved mid-IR photoacoustic spectroscopy of a nerve gas simulant DMMP. Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc 2018; 204:696-701. [PMID: 29982161 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2018.06.089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2018] [Revised: 05/18/2018] [Accepted: 06/23/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The paper reports the temperature dependent pulsed photoacoustic spectroscopy of Dimethyl methylphosphonate (DMMP) a nerve gas simulant between 50 and 180 °C temperature range. The time domain PA spectra are recorded using two mid-IR wavelengths i.e. 3374 nm, 3495 nm of pulse duration 1.5 ns at 1 kHz repetition rate obtained from optical parametric oscillator. Two anti-symmetric stretching vibrational modes of (CH3P) and (CH3O) groups of DMMP molecules have very strong vibrational peaks at 2861.2 cm-1 (3495 nm) and 2963.8 cm-1 (3374 nm), respectively. In addition, we have also recorded the PA spectra of acetone at the vibrational frequency 3115.2 cm-1 (3210 nm), which is the strong vibrational mode of CH band. The comparison of two PA spectra of DMMP and acetone recorded using similar PA cavity help us to understand the effect of other functional groups with respect to different excitation wavelengths. The presence of additional acoustic modes in the PA spectra of DMMP (3374 nm) above the boiling point confirms the slow process of thermal decomposition. Finally, the low level detection limit of DMMP in air is of the of the order of 0.91 ppbV.
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Affiliation(s)
- K S Rao
- Advanced Center of Research in High Energy Materials (ACRHEM), University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad 500046, India; The Guo China-US Photonics Laboratory, Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - A K Razdan
- Laser Science & Technology Centre (LASTEC), Delhi 110054, India
| | - Akansha Tyagi
- Laser Science & Technology Centre (LASTEC), Delhi 110054, India
| | - A K Chaudhary
- Advanced Center of Research in High Energy Materials (ACRHEM), University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad 500046, India.
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Lakey-Beitia J, González Y, Doens D, Stephens DE, Santamaría R, Murillo E, Gutiérrez M, Fernández PL, Rao KS, Larionov OV, Durant-Archibold AA. Assessment of Novel Curcumin Derivatives as Potent Inhibitors of Inflammation and Amyloid-β Aggregation in Alzheimer's Disease. J Alzheimers Dis 2018; 60:S59-S68. [PMID: 28453488 DOI: 10.3233/jad-170071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common neurodegenerative disorder affecting the elderly population worldwide. Brain inflammation plays a key role in the progression of AD. Deposition of senile plaques in the brain stimulates an inflammatory response with the overexpression of pro-inflammatory mediators, such as the neuroinflammatory cytokine. interleukin-6. Curcumin has been revealed to be a potential agent for treating AD following different neuroprotective mechanisms, such as inhibition of aggregation and decrease in brain inflammation. We synthesized new curcumin derivatives with the aim of providing good anti-aggregation capacity but also improved anti-inflammatory activity. Nine curcumin derivatives were synthesized by etherification and esterification of the aromatic region. From these derivatives, compound 8 exhibited an anti-inflammatory effect similar to curcumin, while compounds 3, 4, and 10 were more potent. Moreover, when the anti-aggregation activity is considered, compounds 3, 4, 5, 6, and 10 showed biological activity in vitro. Compound 4 exhibited a strong anti-aggregation effect higher than curcumin. Monofunctionalized curcumin derivatives showed better bioactivity than difunctionalized compounds. Moreover, the presence of bulky groups in the chemical structure of curcumin derivatives decreased bioactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johant Lakey-Beitia
- Center for Biodiversity and Drug Discovery, Instituto de Investigaciones Científicas y Servicios de Alta Tecnología (INDICASAT AIP), Republic of Panama.,Department of Biotechnology, Acharya Nagarjuna University, India.,Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Yisett González
- Department of Biotechnology, Acharya Nagarjuna University, India.,Center for Molecular and Cellular Biology of Diseases, Instituto de Investigaciones Científicas y Servicios de Alta Tecnología (INDICASAT AIP), Republic of Panama
| | - Deborah Doens
- Department of Biotechnology, Acharya Nagarjuna University, India.,Center for Molecular and Cellular Biology of Diseases, Instituto de Investigaciones Científicas y Servicios de Alta Tecnología (INDICASAT AIP), Republic of Panama
| | - David E Stephens
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Ricardo Santamaría
- Center for Biodiversity and Drug Discovery, Instituto de Investigaciones Científicas y Servicios de Alta Tecnología (INDICASAT AIP), Republic of Panama
| | - Enrique Murillo
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Natural, Exact Sciences and Technology, University of Panama, Republic of Panama
| | - Marcelino Gutiérrez
- Center for Biodiversity and Drug Discovery, Instituto de Investigaciones Científicas y Servicios de Alta Tecnología (INDICASAT AIP), Republic of Panama
| | - Patricia L Fernández
- Center for Molecular and Cellular Biology of Diseases, Instituto de Investigaciones Científicas y Servicios de Alta Tecnología (INDICASAT AIP), Republic of Panama
| | - K S Rao
- Center for Neuroscience, Instituto de Investigaciones Científicas y Servicios de Alta Tecnología (INDICASAT AIP), Republic of Panama
| | - Oleg V Larionov
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Armando A Durant-Archibold
- Center for Biodiversity and Drug Discovery, Instituto de Investigaciones Científicas y Servicios de Alta Tecnología (INDICASAT AIP), Republic of Panama.,Department of Biochemistry, College of Natural, Exact Sciences and Technology, University of Panama, Republic of Panama
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Missinato MA, Saydmohammed M, Zuppo DA, Rao KS, Opie GW, Kühn B, Tsang M. Dusp6 attenuates Ras/MAPK signaling to limit zebrafish heart regeneration. Development 2018; 145:dev.157206. [PMID: 29444893 DOI: 10.1242/dev.157206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2017] [Accepted: 01/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Zebrafish regenerate cardiac tissue through proliferation of pre-existing cardiomyocytes and neovascularization. Secreted growth factors such as FGFs, IGF, PDGFs and Neuregulin play essential roles in stimulating cardiomyocyte proliferation. These factors activate the Ras/MAPK pathway, which is tightly controlled by the feedback attenuator Dual specificity phosphatase 6 (Dusp6), an ERK phosphatase. Here, we show that suppressing Dusp6 function enhances cardiac regeneration. Inactivation of Dusp6 by small molecules or by gene inactivation increased cardiomyocyte proliferation, coronary angiogenesis, and reduced fibrosis after ventricular resection. Inhibition of Erbb or PDGF receptor signaling suppressed cardiac regeneration in wild-type zebrafish, but had a milder effect on regeneration in dusp6 mutants. Moreover, in rat primary cardiomyocytes, NRG1-stimulated proliferation can be enhanced upon chemical inhibition of Dusp6 with BCI. Our results suggest that Dusp6 attenuates Ras/MAPK signaling during regeneration and that suppressing Dusp6 can enhance cardiac repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria A Missinato
- Department of Developmental Biology, University of Pittsburgh, School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Manush Saydmohammed
- Department of Developmental Biology, University of Pittsburgh, School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Daniel A Zuppo
- Department of Developmental Biology, University of Pittsburgh, School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Krithika S Rao
- Pediatric Institute for Heart Regeneration and Therapeutics (I-HRT), Richard King Mellon Foundation Institute for Pediatric Research and Division of Cardiology, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC and Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15224, USA
| | - Graham W Opie
- Department of Developmental Biology, University of Pittsburgh, School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Bernhard Kühn
- Pediatric Institute for Heart Regeneration and Therapeutics (I-HRT), Richard King Mellon Foundation Institute for Pediatric Research and Division of Cardiology, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC and Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15224, USA.,McGowan Institute of Regenerative Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA
| | - Michael Tsang
- Department of Developmental Biology, University of Pittsburgh, School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
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Govindaraju M, Rao Jayanth KS, Jagadeesh Kumar D, Prasada Rao UJS, Sambasiva Rao KRS, Rao KS. Studies on Copper and Aβ 1-16-Induced Conformational Changes in CAG/CTG Trinucleotide Repeats Sequence. J Alzheimers Dis Rep 2017; 1:277-286. [PMID: 30480244 PMCID: PMC6159631 DOI: 10.3233/adr-170027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
DNA conformation and stability are critical for the normal cell functions, which control many cellular processes in life, such as replication, transcription, DNA repair, etc. The accumulation of amyloid-β peptide (Aβ) and Copper (Cu) are the etiological factors for neurodegenerative diseases and hypothesized that they can cause DNA instability. In the current investigation, we studied copper and Aβ1-16 induced conformation and stability changes in CAG/CTG sequences and found alterations from B-DNA to altered B-conformation. Further, the interaction of the copper and Aβ1-16 with CAG/CTG sequences was studied by molecular docking modeling and results indicated that the interaction of copper and Aβ1-16 was through the hydrogen bond formation between adenine, guanine, and cytocine. This study illustrates the role of the copper and Aβ1-16 in modulating the DNA conformation and stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Govindaraju
- Department of Molecular Biophysics, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
| | - K S Rao Jayanth
- Center for Neuroscience, Instituto de Investigaciones Científicas y Servicios de Alta Tecnología (INDICASAT AIP), City of Knowledge, Republic of Panama.,Undergraduate Student, University of Missouri Kansas City (UMKC), Kansas City, MO, USA
| | - D Jagadeesh Kumar
- Department of Biotechnology, Sir M. Visvesvaraya Institute of Technology, Bangalore, India
| | - U J S Prasada Rao
- Department of Biochemistry, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute (CFTRI), Mysore, India
| | | | - K S Rao
- Center for Neuroscience, Instituto de Investigaciones Científicas y Servicios de Alta Tecnología (INDICASAT AIP), City of Knowledge, Republic of Panama
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33
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Rao KS, Spees JL. Harnessing Epicardial Progenitor Cells and Their Derivatives for Rescue and Repair of Cardiac Tissue After Myocardial Infarction. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 3:149-158. [PMID: 29057207 DOI: 10.1007/s40610-017-0066-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Ischemic heart disease and stroke lead to the greatest number of deaths worldwide. Despite decreased time to intervention and improvements in the standard of care, 1 out of 5 patients that survive a myocardial infarction (MI) still face long-term chronic heart failure and a 5-year mortality rate of about 50%. Based on their multi-potency for differentiation and paracrine activity, epicardial cells and their derivatives have potential to rescue jeopardized tissue and/or promote cardiac regeneration. Here we review the diagnosis and treatment of MI, basic epicardial cell biology, and potential treatment strategies designed to harness the reparative properties of epicardial cells. RECENT FINDINGS During cardiac development, epicardial cells covering the surface of the heart generate migratory progenitor cells that contribute to the coronary vasculature and the interstitial fibroblasts. Epicardial cells also produce paracrine signals required for myocardial expansion and cardiac growth. In adults with myocardial infarction, epicardial cells and their derivatives provide paracrine factors that affect myocardial remodeling and repair. At present, the intrinsic mechanisms and extrinsic signals that regulate epicardial cell fate and paracrine activity in adults remain poorly understood. SUMMARY Human diseases that result in heart failure due to negative remodeling or extensive loss of viable cardiac tissue require new, effective treatments. Improved understanding of epicardial cell function(s) and epicardial-mediated secretion of growth factors, cytokines and hormones during cardiac growth, homeostasis and injury may lead to new ways to treat patients with myocardial infarction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krithika S Rao
- Department of Medicine, Stem Cell Core, University of Vermont, Colchester, VT 05446
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of Vermont, Colchester, VT 05446
| | - Jeffrey L Spees
- Department of Medicine, Stem Cell Core, University of Vermont, Colchester, VT 05446
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of Vermont, Colchester, VT 05446
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Lakey-Beitia J, Doens D, Jagadeesh Kumar D, Murillo E, Fernandez PL, Rao KS, Durant-Archibold AA. Anti-amyloid aggregation activity of novel carotenoids: implications for Alzheimer's drug discovery. Clin Interv Aging 2017; 12:815-822. [PMID: 28553090 PMCID: PMC5440000 DOI: 10.2147/cia.s134605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the leading cause of dementia, affecting approximately 33.5 million people worldwide. Aging is the main risk factor associated with AD. Drug discovery based on nutraceutical molecules for prevention and treatment of AD is a growing topic. In this sense, carotenoids are phytochemicals present mainly in fruits and vegetables with reported benefits for human health. In this research, the anti-amyloidogenic activity of three carotenoids, cryptocapsin, cryptocapsin-5,6-epoxide, and zeaxanthin, was assessed. Cryptocapsin showed the highest bioactivity, while cryptocapsin-5,6-epoxide and zeaxanthin exhibited similar activity on anti-aggregation assays. Molecular modeling analysis revealed that the evaluated carotenoids might follow two mechanisms for inhibiting Aβ aggregation: by preventing the formation of the fibril and through disruption of the Aβ aggregates. Our studies provided evidence that cryptocapsin, cryptocapsin-5,6-epoxide, and zeaxanthin have anti-amyloidogenic potential and could be used for prevention and treatment of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johant Lakey-Beitia
- Center for Biodiversity and Drug Discovery, Instituto de Investigaciones Científicas y Servicios de Alta Tecnología (INDICASAT AIP), Panama, Republic of Panama.,Department of Biotechnology, Acharya Nagarjuna University, Guntur, India
| | - Deborah Doens
- Department of Biotechnology, Acharya Nagarjuna University, Guntur, India.,Center for Molecular and Cellular Biology of Diseases, Instituto de Investigaciones Científicas y Servicios de Alta Tecnología (INDICASAT AIP), Panama, Republic of Panama
| | - D Jagadeesh Kumar
- Department of Biotechnology, Sir M Visvesvaraya Institute of Technology, Bangalore, India
| | - Enrique Murillo
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Natural, Exact Sciences and Technology, University of Panama, Panama, Republic of Panama
| | - Patricia L Fernandez
- Center for Molecular and Cellular Biology of Diseases, Instituto de Investigaciones Científicas y Servicios de Alta Tecnología (INDICASAT AIP), Panama, Republic of Panama
| | - K S Rao
- Center for Neuroscience, Instituto de Investigaciones Científicas y Servicios de Alta Tecnología (INDICASAT AIP), Panama, Republic of Panama
| | - Armando A Durant-Archibold
- Center for Biodiversity and Drug Discovery, Instituto de Investigaciones Científicas y Servicios de Alta Tecnología (INDICASAT AIP), Panama, Republic of Panama.,Department of Biochemistry, College of Natural, Exact Sciences and Technology, University of Panama, Panama, Republic of Panama
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35
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Wang H, Dharmalingam P, Vasquez V, Mitra J, Boldogh I, Rao KS, Kent TA, Mitra S, Hegde ML. Chronic oxidative damage together with genome repair deficiency in the neurons is a double whammy for neurodegeneration: Is damage response signaling a potential therapeutic target? Mech Ageing Dev 2016; 161:163-176. [PMID: 27663141 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2016.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2016] [Revised: 09/13/2016] [Accepted: 09/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
A foremost challenge for the neurons, which are among the most oxygenated cells, is the genome damage caused by chronic exposure to endogenous reactive oxygen species (ROS), formed as cellular respiratory byproducts. Strong metabolic activity associated with high transcriptional levels in these long lived post-mitotic cells render them vulnerable to oxidative genome damage, including DNA strand breaks and mutagenic base lesions. There is growing evidence for the accumulation of unrepaired DNA lesions in the central nervous system (CNS) during accelerated aging and progressive neurodegeneration. Several germ line mutations in DNA repair or DNA damage response (DDR) signaling genes are uniquely manifested in the phenotype of neuronal dysfunction and are etiologically linked to many neurodegenerative disorders. Studies in our lab and elsewhere revealed that pro-oxidant metals, ROS and misfolded amyloidogenic proteins not only contribute to genome damage in CNS, but also impede their repair/DDR signaling leading to persistent damage accumulation, a common feature in sporadic neurodegeneration. Here, we have reviewed recent advances in our understanding of the etiological implications of DNA damage vs. repair imbalance, abnormal DDR signaling in triggering neurodegeneration and potential of DDR as a target for the amelioration of neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haibo Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Houston Methodist Neurological Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Prakash Dharmalingam
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Houston Methodist Neurological Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Velmarini Vasquez
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Centre for Neuroscience, Instituto de Investigaciones Científicas y Servicios de Alta Tecnología (INDICASAT AIP), City of Knowledge, Panama City, Panama; Department of Biotechnology, Acharya Nagarjuna University, Guntur, AP, India; Houston Methodist Neurological Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Joy Mitra
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Houston Methodist Neurological Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Istvan Boldogh
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - K S Rao
- Centre for Neuroscience, Instituto de Investigaciones Científicas y Servicios de Alta Tecnología (INDICASAT AIP), City of Knowledge, Panama City, Panama
| | - Thomas A Kent
- Department of Neurology, Baylor College of Medicine and Center for Translational Research on Inflammatory Diseases Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Sankar Mitra
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, USA
| | - Muralidhar L Hegde
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Houston Methodist Neurological Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, USA.
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Singh SK, Gauchan E, Koirala DP, Rao KS. Doss Porphyria (δ-Aminolevulinic Acid Dehydratase Porphyria) Presenting with Acute Onset Flaccid Paralysis. J Nepal Paedtr Soc 2016. [DOI: 10.3126/jnps.v35i3.12509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
δ–Aminolevulinic acid dehydratase porphyria is an autosomal recessive disorder of heme synthesis resulting from deficiency of δ-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase (ALAD). Patients present with fatal neurovisceral manifestations and motor neuropathy. Here we report a patient with rapidly progressive flaccid tetraplegia with respiratory and bulbar paralysis. The importance of early diagnosis, prompt treatment and screening of relatives is stressed.J Nepal Paediatr Soc 2015;35(3):280-282
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Chaudhary AK, Rao KS, Sudheer Kumar A. Study of thermal decomposition mechanisms and absorption cross section of nitro-rich phenyl- and bis-series 1,2,3-triazoles. Appl Opt 2016; 55:817-824. [PMID: 26836085 DOI: 10.1364/ao.55.000817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
This paper reports the investigation of thermal decomposition mechanisms and evaluation of thermally released NO2 from two newly synthesized high-energy materials named 1-(4-nitrophenyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazole (S8) and 2,6-bis ((4-(nitromethyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)methyl) pyridine (S9) using time-resolved pulsed photoacoustic (PA) pyrolysis technique. The PA spectra were recorded between the 30°C and 350°C range and by varying the pressure of compounds vapor using 532 nm wavelength of pulse duration 7 ns at 10 Hz repetition rate obtained from Q-switched Nd:YAG laser pulses. The PA results were cross verified with thermogravimetric-differential thermal analysis data. The quality factor "&=&Q"&=& of the PA cavity was measured to test the thermal stability of the compound. In addition, we have ascertained the molecular density, absorption cross sections of high-energy materials vapor in terms of NO2. The corresponding values are of the order of 0.1-1.2×10(20) cm-3 and 0.5-6 kilobarn, respectively. These results once again confirm the close agreement between the radiative and nonradiative transitions data and established the role of NO2 during the thermal decomposition process.
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Adhikari S, Thapa P, Rao KS, Bk G. Comparison of Initial Response of Nebulized Salbutamol and Adrenaline in Infants and young Children Admitted with Acute Bronchiolitis. Kathmandu Univ Med J (KUMJ) 2016; 14:31-35. [PMID: 27892438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Background Acute bronchiolitis is common cause of hospitalization in infants and young children. There are widespread variations in the diagnosis and management. Despite the use of bronchodilators for decades, there is lack of consensus for the benefit of one above another. Objective To compare initial response of nebulized adrenaline and salbutamol. Method Children aged two months to two years admitted with acute bronchiolitis in the department of Paediatrics of Manipal teaching hospital, Pokhara, Nepal, from 1st March 2014 to 28th February 2015 were enrolled. Patients fulfilling inclusion criteria received either adrenaline or salbutamol nebulization. Data were collected in a predesigned proforma. Respiratory distress assessment instrument (RDAI) scores were considered primary outcome measure and respiratory rate at 48 hours, duration of hospital stay, requirement of supplemental oxygen and intravenous fluid were considered secondary outcome measure. Result A total of 40 patients were enrolled in each study group. Mean RDAI scores at admission was in 9.75 with (CI- 9.01, 10.49) in adrenaline and 9.77 (CI- 9.05, 10.50) in salbutamol group. There was gradual decline in mean RDAI scores in both the groups over 48 hours to 4.15 (CI- 3.57,4.73) and 4.13 (CI- 3.69,4.56) in adrenaline and salbutamol group respectively. Hospital stay was 5.32 days in adrenaline and 5.68 days in salbutamol group. Patients nebulized with adrenaline required oxygen for 33.30 hours compared with 36.45 hours in salbutamol. Intravenous fluid duration was also less in adrenaline group compared to salbutamol group (33.15 vs 37.80 hours). Conclusion Patients of acute bronchiolitis nebulized with either salbutamol or adrenaline experienced similar decline in RDAI scores in the first 48 hours. Duration of supplementary oxygen and intravenous fluid was less in adrenaline group compared with salbutamol group.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Adhikari
- Department of Paediatrics, Manipal College of Medical Sciences, Phulbari-11, Pokhara, Nepal
| | - P Thapa
- Department of Psychiatry, Manipal College of Medical Sciences, Phulbari-11, Pokhara, Nepal
| | - K S Rao
- Department of Paediatrics, Manipal College of Medical Sciences, Phulbari-11, Pokhara, Nepal
| | - G Bk
- Department of Paediatrics, Manipal College of Medical Sciences, Phulbari-11, Pokhara, Nepal
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Raja R, Nayak AK, Shukla AK, Rao KS, Gautam P, Lal B, Tripathi R, Shahid M, Panda BB, Kumar A, Bhattacharyya P, Bardhan G, Gupta S, Patra DK. Impairment of soil health due to fly ash-fugitive dust deposition from coal-fired thermal power plants. Environ Monit Assess 2015; 187:679. [PMID: 26450689 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-015-4902-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2015] [Accepted: 09/29/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Thermal power stations apart from being source of energy supply are causing soil pollution leading to its degradation in fertility and contamination. Fine particle and trace element emissions from energy production in coal-fired thermal power plants are associated with significant adverse effects on human, animal, and soil health. Contamination of soil with cadmium, nickel, copper, lead, arsenic, chromium, and zinc can be a primary route of human exposure to these potentially toxic elements. The environmental evaluation of surrounding soil of thermal power plants in Odisha may serve a model study to get the insight into hazards they are causing. The study investigates the impact of fly ash-fugitive dust (FAFD) deposition from coal-fired thermal power plant emissions on soil properties including trace element concentration, pH, and soil enzymatic activities. Higher FAFD deposition was found in the close proximity of power plants, which led to high pH and greater accumulation of heavy metals. Among the three power plants, in the vicinity of NALCO, higher concentrations of soil organic carbon and nitrogen was observed whereas, higher phosphorus content was recorded in the proximity of NTPC. Multivariate statistical analysis of different variables and their association indicated that FAFD deposition and soil properties were influenced by the source of emissions and distance from source of emission. Pollution in soil profiles and high risk areas were detected and visualized using surface maps based on Kriging interpolation. The concentrations of chromium and arsenic were higher in the soil where FAFD deposition was more. Observance of relatively high concentration of heavy metals like cadmium, lead, nickel, and arsenic and a low concentration of enzymatic activity in proximity to the emission source indicated a possible link with anthropogenic emissions.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Raja
- Division of Crop Production, Central Rice Research Institute, Cuttack, Odisha, 753 006, India.
| | - A K Nayak
- Division of Crop Production, Central Rice Research Institute, Cuttack, Odisha, 753 006, India
| | - A K Shukla
- Indian Institute of Soil Science, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, 462038, India
| | - K S Rao
- Division of Crop Production, Central Rice Research Institute, Cuttack, Odisha, 753 006, India
| | - Priyanka Gautam
- Division of Crop Production, Central Rice Research Institute, Cuttack, Odisha, 753 006, India
| | - B Lal
- Division of Crop Production, Central Rice Research Institute, Cuttack, Odisha, 753 006, India
| | - R Tripathi
- Division of Crop Production, Central Rice Research Institute, Cuttack, Odisha, 753 006, India
| | - M Shahid
- Division of Crop Production, Central Rice Research Institute, Cuttack, Odisha, 753 006, India
| | - B B Panda
- Division of Crop Production, Central Rice Research Institute, Cuttack, Odisha, 753 006, India
| | - A Kumar
- Division of Crop Production, Central Rice Research Institute, Cuttack, Odisha, 753 006, India
| | - P Bhattacharyya
- Division of Crop Production, Central Rice Research Institute, Cuttack, Odisha, 753 006, India
| | - G Bardhan
- Division of Crop Production, Central Rice Research Institute, Cuttack, Odisha, 753 006, India
| | - S Gupta
- Division of Crop Production, Central Rice Research Institute, Cuttack, Odisha, 753 006, India
| | - D K Patra
- Division of Crop Production, Central Rice Research Institute, Cuttack, Odisha, 753 006, India
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Rao KS, Chaudhary AK, Yehya F, Kumar AS. Study of acoustic fingerprinting of nitromethane and some triazole derivatives using UV 266 nm pulsed photoacoustic pyrolysis technique. Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc 2015; 147:316-323. [PMID: 25854611 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2015.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2014] [Revised: 01/06/2015] [Accepted: 03/01/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
We report a comparative study of acoustic fingerprints of nitromethane, nitrobenzene and some nitro rich triazole derivatives using pulsed photoacoustic technique. UV 266 nm wavelength i.e. Fourth harmonic of Q-switched Nd: YAG laser having pulse duration 7 ns and 10 Hz repetition rate is employed to record the time resolved PA spectrum. The PA fingerprint is produced due to absorption of incident UV light by molecule itself and photo dissociation of nitromethane and nitrobenzene at room temperature while in case of triazole it is attributed to the combination of thermal and photo-dissociation process. The entire dissociation process follows the root of cleavage of C-NO₂ bond to produce free NO, NO₂ and other by product gases due to π(∗)←n excitation. In addition, we have studied the thermal stability criteria of nitro rich triazoles based on the quality factor of acoustic resonance frequencies of the PA cavity. We have also studied the effect of data acquisition time to ascertain the decay behavior of HEMs samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- K S Rao
- Advanced Center of Research in High Energy Materials (ACRHEM), University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad 500046, India
| | - A K Chaudhary
- Advanced Center of Research in High Energy Materials (ACRHEM), University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad 500046, India.
| | - F Yehya
- Department of Mathematics and Physics, Faculty of Education, Al-Baida University, Al-Baida 38018, Yemen
| | - A Sudheer Kumar
- Advanced Center of Research in High Energy Materials (ACRHEM), University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad 500046, India
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Rao KS, Aronshtam A, McElory-Yaggy KL, Bakondi B, VanBuren P, Sobel BE, Spees JL. Human epicardial cell-conditioned medium contains HGF/IgG complexes that phosphorylate RYK and protect against vascular injury. Cardiovasc Res 2015; 107:277-86. [PMID: 26025956 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvv168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2014] [Accepted: 05/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS The aim of this study was to evaluate the paracrine activity of human epicardial-derived cells (hEPDCs) to screen for secreted vasoprotective factors and develop therapeutics to treat vascular reperfusion injury. METHODS AND RESULTS Epicardial cells support cardiac development, repair, and remodelling after injury in part, through paracrine activity. We hypothesized that secreted ligands from hEPDCs would protect vascular integrity after myocardial infarction (MI) with reperfusion. During simulated ischaemia in culture (24-48 h), concentrated hEPDC-conditioned medium (EPI CdM) increased survival of primary cardiac endothelial cells. In a rat MI model, EPI CdM treatment reduced vascular injury in vivo after reperfusion. By phospho-receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) arrays, ELISA, and neutralizing antibody screens, we identified hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) as a key vasoprotective factor in EPI CdM. Unexpectedly, we observed that some of the HGF in EPI CdM formed complexes with polyclonal IgG. Following reperfusion, preparations of HGF/IgG complexes provided greater vascular protection than free HGF with IgG. HGF/IgG complexes localized to blood vessels in vivo and increased HGF retention time after administration. In subsequent screens, we found that 'related to tyrosine kinase' (RYK) receptor was phosphorylated after exposure of cardiac endothelial cells to HGF/IgG complexes, but not to free HGF with IgG. The enhanced protection conferred by HGF/IgG complexes was lost after antibody blockade of RYK. Notably, the HGF/IgG complex is the first 'ligand' shown to promote phosphorylation of RYK. CONCLUSION Early treatment with HGF/IgG complexes after myocardial ischaemia with reperfusion may rescue tissue through vasoprotection conferred by c-Met and RYK signalling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krithika S Rao
- Cellular, Molecular and Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University of Vermont, Colchester, VT, USA Department of Medicine and Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of Vermont, 208 South Park Drive, Ste 2, Colchester, VT 05446, USA
| | - Alexander Aronshtam
- Department of Medicine and Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of Vermont, 208 South Park Drive, Ste 2, Colchester, VT 05446, USA
| | - Keara L McElory-Yaggy
- Department of Medicine and Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of Vermont, 208 South Park Drive, Ste 2, Colchester, VT 05446, USA
| | - Benjamin Bakondi
- Cellular, Molecular and Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University of Vermont, Colchester, VT, USA Department of Medicine and Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of Vermont, 208 South Park Drive, Ste 2, Colchester, VT 05446, USA
| | - Peter VanBuren
- Department of Medicine and Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of Vermont, 208 South Park Drive, Ste 2, Colchester, VT 05446, USA
| | - Burton E Sobel
- Department of Medicine and Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of Vermont, 208 South Park Drive, Ste 2, Colchester, VT 05446, USA
| | - Jeffrey L Spees
- Department of Medicine and Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of Vermont, 208 South Park Drive, Ste 2, Colchester, VT 05446, USA Stem Cell Core, University of Vermont, Colchester, VT 05446, USA
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Bihari P, Nayak AK, Gautam P, Lal B, Shahid M, Raja R, Tripathi R, Bhattacharyya P, Panda BB, Mohanty S, Rao KS. Long-term effect of rice-based farming systems on soil health. Environ Monit Assess 2015; 187:296. [PMID: 25913623 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-015-4518-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2014] [Accepted: 04/09/2015] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Integrated rice-fish culture, an age-old farming system, is a technology which could produce rice and fish sustainably at a time by optimizing scarce resource use through complementary use of land and water. An understanding of microbial processes is important for the management of farming systems as soil microbes are the living part of soil organic matter and play critical roles in soil C and N cycling and ecosystem functioning of farming system. Rice-based integrated farming system model for small and marginal farmers was established in 2001 at Central Rice Research Institute, Cuttack, Odisha. The different enterprises of farming system were rice-fish, fish-fingerlings, fruits, vegetables, rice-fish refuge, and agroforestry. This study was conducted with the objective to assess the soil physicochemical properties, microbial population, carbon and nitrogen fractions, soil enzymatic activity, and productivity of different enterprises. The effect of enterprises induced significant changes in the chemical composition and organic matter which in turn influenced the activities of enzymes (urease, acid, and alkaline phosphatase) involved in the C, N, and P cycles. The different enterprises of long-term rice-based farming system caused significant variations in nutrient content of soil, which was higher in rice-fish refuge followed by rice-fish enterprise. Highest microbial populations and enzymatic properties were recorded in rice-fish refuge system because of waterlogging and reduced condition prolonged in this system leading to less decomposition of organic matter. The maximum alkaline phosphatase, urease, and FDA were observed in rice-fish enterprise. However, highest acid phosphatase and dehydrogenase activity were obtained in vegetable enterprise and fish-fingerlings enterprise, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka Bihari
- Division of Crop Production, Central Rice Research Institute, Cuttack, 753 006, Odisha, India
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Nayak AK, Raja R, Rao KS, Shukla AK, Mohanty S, Shahid M, Tripathi R, Panda BB, Bhattacharyya P, Kumar A, Lal B, Sethi SK, Puri C, Nayak D, Swain CK. Effect of fly ash application on soil microbial response and heavy metal accumulation in soil and rice plant. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2015; 114:257-262. [PMID: 24836933 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2014.03.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2014] [Revised: 03/26/2014] [Accepted: 03/27/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Fly ash (FA), a byproduct of coal combustion in thermal power plants, has been considered as a problematic solid waste and its safe disposal is a cause of concern. Several studies proposed that FA can be used as a soil additive; however its effect on microbial response, soil enzymatic activities and heavy metal accumulation in soil and grain of rice (cv. Naveen) to fly ash (FA) application was studied in a pot experiment during dry season 2011 in an Inceptisol. Fly ash was applied at a rate of zero per cent (FS), five per cent (FA5), ten per cent (FA10), twenty per cent (FA20), 40 per cent (FA40) and 100 per cent (FA100) on soil volume basis with nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) (40:20:20mg N:P:Kkg(-1) soil) with six replications. Heavy metals contents in soil and plant parts were analysed after harvest of crop. On the other hand, microbial population and soil enzymatic activities were analysed at panicle initiation stage (PI, 65 days after transplanting) of rice. There was no significant change in the concentration of zinc (Zn), iron (Fe), copper (Cu), manganese (Mn), cadmium (Cd) and chromium (Cr) with application of fly ash up to FA10. However, at FA100 there was significant increase of all metals concentration in soil than other treatments. Microorganisms differed in their response to the rate of FA application. Population of both fungi and actinomycetes decreased with the application of fly ash, while aerobic heterotrophic bacterial population did not change significantly up to FA40. On the other hand, total microbial activity measured in terms of Fluorescein diacetate (FDA) assay, and denitrifiers showed an increased trend up to FA40. However, activities of both alkaline and acid phosphatase were decreased with the application of FA. Application of FA at lower levels (ten to twenty per cent on soil volume basis) in soil enhanced micronutrients content, microbial activities and crop yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- A K Nayak
- Central Rice Research Institute, Cuttack 753006, Odisha, India.
| | - R Raja
- Central Rice Research Institute, Cuttack 753006, Odisha, India
| | - K S Rao
- Central Rice Research Institute, Cuttack 753006, Odisha, India
| | - A K Shukla
- Central Rice Research Institute, Cuttack 753006, Odisha, India; AICRP (Micronutrients), IISS, Bhopal, India
| | - Sangita Mohanty
- Central Rice Research Institute, Cuttack 753006, Odisha, India
| | - Mohammad Shahid
- Central Rice Research Institute, Cuttack 753006, Odisha, India
| | - R Tripathi
- Central Rice Research Institute, Cuttack 753006, Odisha, India
| | - B B Panda
- Central Rice Research Institute, Cuttack 753006, Odisha, India
| | - P Bhattacharyya
- Central Rice Research Institute, Cuttack 753006, Odisha, India
| | - Anjani Kumar
- Central Rice Research Institute, Cuttack 753006, Odisha, India
| | - B Lal
- Central Rice Research Institute, Cuttack 753006, Odisha, India
| | - S K Sethi
- Central Rice Research Institute, Cuttack 753006, Odisha, India
| | - C Puri
- Central Rice Research Institute, Cuttack 753006, Odisha, India
| | - D Nayak
- Central Rice Research Institute, Cuttack 753006, Odisha, India
| | - C K Swain
- Central Rice Research Institute, Cuttack 753006, Odisha, India
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Berrocal R, Vasudevaraju P, Indi SS, Sambasiva Rao KRS, Rao KS. In vitro evidence that an aqueous extract of Centella asiatica modulates α-synuclein aggregation dynamics. J Alzheimers Dis 2014; 39:457-65. [PMID: 24284367 DOI: 10.3233/jad-131187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
α-Synuclein aggregation is one of the major etiological factors implicated in Parkinson's disease (PD). The prevention of aggregation of α-synuclein is a potential therapeutic intervention for preventing PD. The discovery of natural products as alternative drugs to treat PD and related disorders is a current trend. The aqueous extract of Centella asiatica (CA) is traditionally used as a brain tonic and CA is known to improve cognition and memory. There are limited data on the role of CA in modulating amyloid-β (Aβ) levels in the brain and in Aβ aggregation. Our study focuses on CA as a modulator of the α-synuclein aggregation pattern in vitro. Our investigation is focused on: (i) whether the CA leaf aqueous extract prevents the formation of aggregates from monomers (Phase I: α-synuclein + extract co-incubation); (ii) whether the CA aqueous extract prevents the formation of fibrils from oligomers (Phase II: extract added after oligomers formation); and (iii) whether the CA aqueous extract disintegrates the pre-formed fibrils (Phase III: extract added to mature fibrils and incubated for 9 days). The aggregation kinetics are studied using a thioflavin-T assay, circular dichroism, and transmission electron microscopy. The results showed that the CA aqueous extract completely inhibited the α-synuclein aggregation from monomers. Further, CA extract significantly inhibited the formation of oligomer to aggregates and favored the disintegration of the preformed fibrils. The study provides an insight in finding new natural products for future PD therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruben Berrocal
- Centre for Neuroscience, Institute for Scientific Research and Technology Services (INDICASAT-AIP), City of Knowledge, Panama City, Republic of Panama Department of Biotechnology, Acharya Nagarjuna University, Nagarjuna Nagar, Guntur, India
| | - Padmaraju Vasudevaraju
- Centre for Neuroscience, Institute for Scientific Research and Technology Services (INDICASAT-AIP), City of Knowledge, Panama City, Republic of Panama
| | | | - Krothapalli Raja Surya Sambasiva Rao
- Centre for Neuroscience, Institute for Scientific Research and Technology Services (INDICASAT-AIP), City of Knowledge, Panama City, Republic of Panama Department of Biotechnology, Acharya Nagarjuna University, Nagarjuna Nagar, Guntur, India
| | - K S Rao
- Centre for Neuroscience, Institute for Scientific Research and Technology Services (INDICASAT-AIP), City of Knowledge, Panama City, Republic of Panama
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Iso Y, Rao KS, Poole CN, Zaman AKMT, Curril I, Sobel BE, Kajstura J, Anversa P, Spees JL. Priming with ligands secreted by human stromal progenitor cells promotes grafts of cardiac stem/progenitor cells after myocardial infarction. Stem Cells 2014; 32:674-83. [PMID: 24022988 DOI: 10.1002/stem.1546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2013] [Revised: 03/10/2013] [Accepted: 08/13/2013] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Transplantation of culture-expanded adult stem/progenitor cells often results in poor cellular engraftment, survival, and migration into sites of tissue injury. Mesenchymal cells including fibroblasts and stromal cells secrete factors that protect injured tissues, promote tissue repair, and support many types of stem/progenitor cells in culture. We hypothesized that secreted factors in conditioned medium (CdM) from adult bone marrow-derived multipotent stromal cells (MSCs) could be used to prime adult cardiac stem/progenitor cells (CSCs/CPCs) and improve graft success after myocardial infarction (MI). Incubation of adult rat CPCs in CdM from human MSCs isolated by plastic adherence or by magnetic sorting against CD271 (a.k.a., p75 low-affinity nerve growth factor receptor; p75MSCs) induced phosphorylation of STAT3 and Akt in CPCs, supporting their proliferation under normoxic conditions and survival under hypoxic conditions (1% oxygen). Priming CSCs with 30× p75MSC CdM for 30 minutes prior to transplantation into subepicardial tissue 1 day after MI markedly increased engraftment compared with vehicle priming. Screening CdM with neutralizing/blocking antibodies identified connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) and Insulin as key factors in p75MSC CdM that protected CPCs. Human CTGF peptide (CTGF-D4) and Insulin synergistically promoted CPC survival during hypoxia in culture. Similar to CdM priming, priming of CSCs with CTGF-D4 and Insulin for 30 minutes prior to transplantation promoted robust engraftment, survival, and migration of CSC derivatives at 1 week and 1 month after MI. Our results indicate that short-term priming of human CSCs with CTGF-D4 and Insulin may improve graft success and cardiac regeneration in patients with MI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshitaka Iso
- Department of Medicine, Stem Cell Core and, Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of Vermont, Colchester, Vermont, USA; Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of Vermont, Colchester, Vermont, USA
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Raja R, Nayak AK, Rao KS, Puree C, Shahid M, Panda BB, Kumar A, Tripathi R, Bhattacharyya P, Baig MJ, Lal B, Mohanty S, Gautam P. Effect of fly ash deposition on photosynthesis, growth and yield of rice. Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 2014; 93:106-112. [PMID: 24756333 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-014-1282-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2014] [Accepted: 04/10/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
An experiment was conducted to assess the effect of fly ash deposition without and with (0.25, 0.50, 1.0 and 1.5 g m(-2 )day(-1)) foliar dusting on the photosynthesis, stomatal conductance, transpiration, leaf temperature, albedo and productivity of rice. Dusting of 0.5 g m(-2 )day(-1) fly ash and above significantly reduced the photosynthesis, stomatal conductance, transpiration and albedo. Panicle initiation and flowering stages were more influenced by the fly ash deposition as compared to active tillering stage. At higher rates of fly ash deposition, all growth and yield parameters were significantly influenced due to increased heat load and reduced intercellular CO2 concentration. A significant reduction of 12.3, 15.7 and 20.2 % in grain yield was recorded over control when fly ash was dusted at 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5 g m(-2 )day(-1), respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Raja
- Central Rice Research Institute, Cuttack, 753 006, Odisha, India
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Neogi S, Bhattacharyya P, Roy KS, Panda BB, Nayak AK, Rao KS, Manna MC. Soil respiration, labile carbon pools, and enzyme activities as affected by tillage practices in a tropical rice-maize-cowpea cropping system. Environ Monit Assess 2014; 186:4223-4236. [PMID: 24609455 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-014-3693-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2013] [Accepted: 02/20/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
In order to identify the viable option of tillage practices in rice-maize-cowpea cropping system that could cut down soil carbon dioxide (CO2) emission, sustain grain yield, and maintain better soil quality in tropical low land rice ecology soil respiration in terms of CO2 emission, labile carbon (C) pools, water-stable aggregate C fractions, and enzymatic activities were investigated in a sandy clay loam soil. Soil respiration is the major pathway of gaseous C efflux from terrestrial systems and acts as an important index of ecosystem functioning. The CO2-C emissions were quantified in between plants and rows throughout the year in rice-maize-cowpea cropping sequence both under conventional tillage (CT) and minimum tillage (MT) practices along with soil moisture and temperature. The CO2-C emissions, as a whole, were 24 % higher in between plants than in rows, and were in the range of 23.4-78.1, 37.1-128.1, and 28.6-101.2 mg m(-2) h(-1) under CT and 10.7-60.3, 17.3-99.1, and 17.2-79.1 mg m(-2) h(-1) under MT in rice, maize, and cowpea, respectively. The CO2-C emission was found highest under maize (44 %) followed by rice (33 %) and cowpea (23 %) irrespective of CT and MT practices. In CT system, the CO2-C emission increased significantly by 37.1 % with respect to MT on cumulative annual basis including fallow. The CO2-C emission per unit yield was at par in rice and cowpea signifying the beneficial effect of MT in maintaining soil quality and reduction of CO2 emission. The microbial biomass C (MBC), readily mineralizable C (RMC), water-soluble C (WSC), and permanganate-oxidizable C (PMOC) were 19.4, 20.4, 39.5, and 15.1 % higher under MT than CT. The C contents in soil aggregate fraction were significantly higher in MT than CT. Soil enzymatic activities like, dehydrogenase, fluorescein diacetate, and β-glucosidase were significantly higher by 13.8, 15.4, and 27.4 % under MT compared to CT. The soil labile C pools, enzymatic activities, and heterotrophic microbial populations were in the order of maize > cowpea > rice, irrespective of the tillage treatments. Environmental sustainability point of view, minimum tillage practices in rice-maize-cowpea cropping system in tropical low land soil could be adopted to minimize CO2-C emission, sustain yield, and maintain soil health.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Neogi
- Division of Crop Production, Central Rice Research Institute, Cuttack, 753006, Orissa, India
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Miao T, Rao KS, Spees JL, Oldinski RA. Osteogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells through alginate-graft-poly(ethylene glycol) microsphere-mediated intracellular growth factor delivery. J Control Release 2014; 192:57-66. [PMID: 24979209 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2014.06.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2014] [Revised: 06/18/2014] [Accepted: 06/19/2014] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The intracellular delivery of growth factors increases opportunities for controlling cell behavior and maintaining tissue homeostasis. Recently, VEGFA was reported to enhance osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) through an intracrine mechanism, suggesting a new strategy to promote bone tissue formation in osteoporotic patients. The goal of this study was to design and fabricate ligand-conjugated alginate-graft-poly(ethylene glycol) microspheres for intracellular delivery and release of VEGFA in primary human MSCs to enhance osteogenic differentiation as a potential therapeutic. Three types of microspheres were synthesized and characterized by scanning electron microscopy, in vitro drug release kinetics, MSC uptake and internalization: alginate alone (Alg), alginate-graft-poly(ethylene glycol) (Alg-g-PEG) and alginate-graft-poly(ethylene glycol)-S-S-arginine-glycine-aspartic acid (Alg-g-RGD). Each of the different microsphere formulations successfully transported bioactive VEGFA into primary human MSCs within 48h of culture, and significantly enhanced osteogenic differentiation compared to control treatments with empty microspheres (intracellular control) or non-encapsulated VEGFA (extracellular control). Adipogenic differentiation was not affected by the presence of VEGFA intracellularly or extracellularly. These results demonstrating the internalization of alginate-based microspheres and intracellular delivery of VEGFA support the efficacy of using this drug delivery and intracrine mechanism to control the fate of human MSCs and enhance osteogenic differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianxin Miao
- Bioengineering Program, College of Engineering and Mathematical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington VT 05405, USA.
| | - Krithika S Rao
- Cell and Molecular Biology Graduate Program, College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405, USA.
| | - Jeffrey L Spees
- Cell and Molecular Biology Graduate Program, College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405, USA; Stem Cell Core, University of Vermont, Colchester, VT 05446, USA.
| | - Rachael A Oldinski
- Bioengineering Program, College of Engineering and Mathematical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington VT 05405, USA; Mechanical Engineering Program, College of Engineering and Mathematical Sciences, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405, USA; Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405, USA.
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Ramesh BN, Girish TK, Raghavendra RH, Naidu KA, Rao UJSP, Rao KS. Comparative study on anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of Caesalpinia crista and Centella asiatica leaf extracts. J Pharm Bioallied Sci 2014; 6:86-91. [PMID: 24741275 PMCID: PMC3983751 DOI: 10.4103/0975-7406.129172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2013] [Revised: 09/07/2013] [Accepted: 11/21/2013] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Amyloidosis, oxidative stress and inflammation have been strongly implicated in neurodegenerative disorders like Alzheimer's disease. Traditionally, Caesalpinia crista and Centella asiatica leaf extracts are used to treat brain related diseases in India. C. crista is used as a mental relaxant drink as well as to treat inflammatory diseases, whereas C. asiatica is reported to be used to enhance memory and to treat dementia. OBJECTIVE The present study is aimed to understand the anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory potential of C. asiatica and C. crista leaf extracts. MATERIALS AND METHODS Phenolic acid composition of the aqueous extracts of C. crista and C. asiatica were separated on a reverse phase C18 column (4.6 x 250 mm) using HPLC system. Antioxidant properties of the leaf extracts were determined by 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging assay and the reducing potential assay. The anti-inflammatory activities of aqueous extracts of C. crista and C. asiatica were studied using 5-lipoxygenase assay. Polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNLs) were isolated from blood by Ficoll-Histopaque density gradient followed by hypotonic lysis of erythrocytes. RESULTS Gallic, protocatechuic, gentisic, chlorogenic, caffeic, p-coumaric and ferulic acids were the phenolic acids identified in C. crista and C. asiatica leaf aqueous extracts. However, gallic acid and ferulic acid contents were much higher in C. crista compared to C. asiatica. Leaf extracts of C. asiatica and C. crista exhibited antioxidant properties and inhibited 5-lipoxygenase (anti-inflammatory) in a dose dependent manner. However, leaf extracts of C. crista had better antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity compared to that of C. asiatica. The better activity of C. crista is attributed to high gallic acid and ferulic acid compared to C. asiatica. CONCLUSIONS Thus, the leaf extract of C. crista can be a potential therapeutic role for Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- B N Ramesh
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Agricultural College, Karekere, Hassan, University of Agricultural Sciences (B), Mysore, Karnataka, India
| | - T K Girish
- Department of Biochemistry and Nutrition, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysore, Karnataka, India
| | - R H Raghavendra
- Department of Biochemistry and Nutrition, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysore, Karnataka, India
| | - K Akhilender Naidu
- Department of Biochemistry and Nutrition, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysore, Karnataka, India
| | - U J S Prasada Rao
- Department of Biochemistry and Nutrition, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysore, Karnataka, India
| | - K S Rao
- Centre for Neuroscience, INDICASAT-AIP, City of Knowledge, Republic Panama
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Nayak AK, Kumar A, Raja R, Rao KS, Mohanty S, Shahid M, Tripathy R, Panda BB, Bhattacharyya P. Fly ash addition affects microbial biomass and carbon mineralization in agricultural soils. Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 2014; 92:160-164. [PMID: 24362819 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-013-1182-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2013] [Accepted: 12/16/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The microbial biomass carbon (MBC) and carbon mineralization of fly ash (FA) amended soil at (0 %, 1.25 %, 2.5 %, 5 %, 10 % and 20 % FA; v/v) was investigated under laboratory conditions for 120 days at 60 % soil water-holding capacity and 25 ± 1°C temperature. The results demonstrated that soil respiration and microbial activities were not suppressed up to 2.5 % FA amendment and these activities decreased significantly at 10 % and 20 % FA treatment with respect to control. Application of 10 % and 20 % FA treated soils showed a decreasing trend of soil MBC with time; and the decrease was significant throughout the period of incubation. The study concluded that application of FA up to 2.5 % can thus be safely used without affecting the soil biological activity and thereby improve nutrient cycling in agricultural soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- A K Nayak
- Crop Production Division, Central Rice Research Institute, Cuttack, 753 006, Orissa, India,
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