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Liu J, Shen Q, Li G, Zhai Y, Fang X, Xu H. Clinical and genetic analysis of distal renal tubular acidosis in three Chinese children. Ren Fail 2018; 40:520-526. [PMID: 30230413 PMCID: PMC6147104 DOI: 10.1080/0886022x.2018.1487858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: Primary distal renal tubular acidosis (dRTA) is a rare genetic disease characterized by distal tubular dysfunction leading to metabolic acidosis and alkaline urine. Growth retardation is a major concern in these children. The disease is caused by defects in at least three genes (SLC4A1, ATP6V0A4, and ATP6V1B1) involved in urinary distal acidification. Several series of dRTA patients from different ethnic backgrounds have been genetically studied, but genetic studies regarding Chinese population is rare. Our aim was to investigate the clinical features and genetic basis of primary dRTA in Chinese children. Methods: Three unrelated patients with dRTA participated in our study. Next-generation sequencing was performed, and the findings were validated using the Sanger sequencing method. Results: All patients exhibited hyperchloraemic metabolic acidosis, abnormally high urine pH, hypokalemia, and nephrocalcinosis. Growth retardation was observed in all patients. During the follow-up (range 1–4 years), alkali replacement therapy corrected the systemic metabolic acidosis, and two patients demonstrated normal growth. rhGH therapy was administered to patient-3 at the age of 6 years, and his growth rate was significantly improved (growth velocity 9.6 cm/yr). In total, 5 mutations were identified in our cohort of three patients, and four mutations were novel. Conclusions: We report the clinical and molecular characteristics of dRTA patients from China. The four novel mutations detected in our study extend the spectrum of gene mutations associated with primary dRTA. Furthermore, our study confirms the effect of early treatment in improving growth for dRTA patient and provides insight into the effects of rhGH on dRTA patients who were diagnosed late and exhibiting a persistent growth delay despite appropriate therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaojiao Liu
- a Department of Nephrology , Children's Hospital of Fudan University , Shanghai , China
| | - Qian Shen
- a Department of Nephrology , Children's Hospital of Fudan University , Shanghai , China
| | - Guomin Li
- a Department of Nephrology , Children's Hospital of Fudan University , Shanghai , China
| | - Yihui Zhai
- a Department of Nephrology , Children's Hospital of Fudan University , Shanghai , China
| | - Xiaoyan Fang
- a Department of Nephrology , Children's Hospital of Fudan University , Shanghai , China
| | - Hong Xu
- a Department of Nephrology , Children's Hospital of Fudan University , Shanghai , China
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Alonso-Varela M, Gil-Peña H, Coto E, Gómez J, Rodríguez J, Rodríguez-Rubio E, Santos F. Distal renal tubular acidosis. Clinical manifestations in patients with different underlying gene mutations. Pediatr Nephrol 2018; 33:1523-1529. [PMID: 29725771 DOI: 10.1007/s00467-018-3965-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2018] [Revised: 03/28/2018] [Accepted: 04/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To evaluate whether there are differences in the phenotype of primary distal renal tubular acidosis (dRTA) patients according to the causal defective gene. METHODS Twenty-seven non-oriental patients with genetically confirmed dRTA were grouped according to the identified underlying mutations in either ATP6V1B1 (n = 10), ATP6V0A4 (n = 12), or SLC4A1 (n = 5) gene. Demographic features, growth impairment, biochemical variables and presence of deafness, nephrocalcinosis, and urolithiasis at diagnosis were compared among the three groups. RESULTS Patients with SLC4A1 mutations presented later than those with ATP6V1B1 or ATP6V0A4 defects (120 vs. 7 and 3 months, respectively). Hearing loss at diagnosis was present in the majority of patients with ATP6V1B1 mutations, in two patients with ATP6V0A4 mutations, and in none of cases harboring SLC4A1 mutations. Serum potassium concentration (X ± SD) was higher in SLC4A1 group (3.66 ± 0.44 mEq/L) than in ATP6V0A4 group (2.96 ± 0.63 mEq/L) (p = 0.046). There were no differences in the other clinical or biochemical variables analyzed in the three groups. CONCLUSIONS This study indicates that non-oriental patients with dRTA caused by mutations in the SLC4A1 gene present later and have normokalemia or milder hypokalemia. Hypoacusia at diagnosis is characteristically associated with ATP6V1B1 gene mutations although it may also be present in infants with ATP6V0A4 defects. Other phenotypical manifestations do not allow predicting the involved gene.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Helena Gil-Peña
- University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain. .,AGC de Pediatría, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, 33011, Oviedo, Spain. .,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Oviedo, Spain.
| | - Eliecer Coto
- University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Oviedo, Spain.,AGC Laboratorio - Genética, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Juan Gómez
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Oviedo, Spain.,AGC Laboratorio - Genética, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Julián Rodríguez
- University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain.,AGC de Pediatría, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, 33011, Oviedo, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Oviedo, Spain
| | | | - Fernando Santos
- University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain.,AGC de Pediatría, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, 33011, Oviedo, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Oviedo, Spain
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53
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Seifter JL, Chang HY. Extracellular Acid-Base Balance and Ion Transport Between Body Fluid Compartments. Physiology (Bethesda) 2018; 32:367-379. [PMID: 28814497 DOI: 10.1152/physiol.00007.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2017] [Revised: 07/05/2017] [Accepted: 07/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Clinical assessment of acid-base disorders depends on measurements made in the blood, part of the extracellular compartment. Yet much of the metabolic importance of these disorders concerns intracellular events. Intracellular and interstitial compartment acid-base balance is complex and heterogeneous. This review considers the determinants of the extracellular fluid pH related to the ion transport processes at the interface of cells and the interstitial fluid, and between epithelial cells lining the transcellular contents of the gastrointestinal and urinary tracts that open to the external environment. The generation of acid-base disorders and the associated disruption of electrolyte balance are considered in the context of these membrane transporters. This review suggests a process of internal and external balance for pH regulation, similar to that of potassium. The role of secretory gastrointestinal epithelia and renal epithelia with respect to normal pH homeostasis and clinical disorders are considered. Electroneutrality of electrolytes in the ECF is discussed in the context of reciprocal changes in Cl- or non Cl- anions and [Formula: see text].
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54
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Low Molecular Weight Proteinuria in Children with Distal Renal Tubular Acidosis. Pril (Makedon Akad Nauk Umet Odd Med Nauki) 2018; 39:91-95. [PMID: 30110261 DOI: 10.2478/prilozi-2018-0028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Distal renal tubular acidosis (dRTA) (MIM #267300, #602722 and #179800) is a rare inherited tubulopathy characterized by the inability of the distal tubule to acidify the urine with consecutive systemic acidosis. The clinical features include polyuria, polydipsia, poor appetite, failure to thrive, short stature and rickets. Prominent biochemical features are hypokalemia, hypercalciuria and hypocitraturia. There are reports on patients who presented with unusual biochemical features such as low molecular proteinuria, hypophosphatemia, hypouricemia, generalized hyperaminioaciduria, hyperoxaluria and other making diagnostic confusion to the clinicians. In this work, we report on a series of 8 children with clinically, biochemically and genetically proven dRTA who present with low molecular proteinuria at the disease onset. With metabolic compensation of the disease, there was complete resolution of the low molecular weight protenuria and other proximal tubular abnormalities in all children. Late recognition of the disease with long standing hypokalemia and acidosis may result in abnormal expression and function of the transporters in the proximal tubules. Sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoeresis is an accurate method for detection and follow up of patients with low molecular weight proteinuria.
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55
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Batlle D, Arruda J. Hyperkalemic Forms of Renal Tubular Acidosis: Clinical and Pathophysiological Aspects. Adv Chronic Kidney Dis 2018; 25:321-333. [PMID: 30139459 DOI: 10.1053/j.ackd.2018.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
In contrast to distal type I or classic renal tubular acidosis (RTA) that is associated with hypokalemia, hyperkalemic forms of RTA also occur usually in the setting of mild-to-moderate CKD. Two pathogenic types of hyperkalemic metabolic acidosis are frequently encountered in adults with underlying CKD. One type, which corresponds to some extent to the animal model of selective aldosterone deficiency (SAD) created experimentally by adrenalectomy and glucocorticoid replacement, is manifested in humans by low plasma and urinary aldosterone levels, reduced ammonium excretion, and preserved ability to lower urine pH below 5.5. This type of hyperkalemic RTA is also referred to as type IV RTA. It should be noted that the mere deficiency of aldosterone when glomerular filtration rate is completely normal only causes a modest decline in plasma bicarbonate which emphasizes the importance of reduced glomerular filtration rate in the development of the hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis associated with SAD. Another type of hyperkalemic RTA distinctive from SAD in which plasma aldosterone is not reduced is referred to as hyperkalemic distal renal tubular acidosis because urine pH cannot be reduced despite acidemia or after provocative tests aimed at increasing sodium-dependent distal acidification such as the administration of sodium sulfate or loop diuretics with or without concurrent mineralocorticoid administration. This type of hyperkalemic RTA (also referred to as voltage-dependent distal renal tubular acidosis) has been best described in patients with obstructive uropathy and resembles the impairment in both hydrogen ion and potassium secretion that are induced experimentally by urinary tract obstruction and when sodium transport in the cortical collecting tubule is blocked by amiloride.
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56
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Kurtz I. Renal Tubular Acidosis: H +/Base and Ammonia Transport Abnormalities and Clinical Syndromes. Adv Chronic Kidney Dis 2018; 25:334-350. [PMID: 30139460 PMCID: PMC6128697 DOI: 10.1053/j.ackd.2018.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Renal tubular acidosis (RTA) represents a group of diseases characterized by (1) a normal anion gap metabolic acidosis; (2) abnormalities in renal HCO3- absorption or new renal HCO3- generation; (3) changes in renal NH4+, Ca2+, K+, and H2O homeostasis; and (4) extrarenal manifestations that provide etiologic diagnostic clues. The focus of this review is to give a general overview of the pathogenesis of the various clinical syndromes causing RTA with a particular emphasis on type I (hypokalemic distal RTA) and type II (proximal) RTA while reviewing their pathogenesis from a physiological "bottom-up" approach. In addition, the factors involved in the generation of metabolic acidosis in both type I and II RTA are reviewed highlighting the importance of altered renal ammonia production/partitioning and new HCO3- generation. Our understanding of the underlying tubular transport and extrarenal abnormalities has significantly improved since the first recognition of RTA as a clinical entity because of significant advances in clinical acid-base chemistry, whole tubule and single-cell H+/base transport, and the molecular characterization of the various transporters and channels that are functionally affected in patients with RTA. Despite these advances, additional studies are needed to address the underlying mechanisms involved in hypokalemia, altered ammonia production/partitioning, hypercalciuria, nephrocalcinosis, cystic abnormalities, and CKD progression in these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ira Kurtz
- Division of Nephrology, David Geffen School of Medicine, and Brain Research Institute, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA.
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57
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Lie PPY, Nixon RA. Lysosome trafficking and signaling in health and neurodegenerative diseases. Neurobiol Dis 2018; 122:94-105. [PMID: 29859318 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2018.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 170] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2018] [Revised: 04/27/2018] [Accepted: 05/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Lysosomes, single-membrane organelles defined by a uniquely strong acidic lumenal pH and high content of acid hydrolases, are the shared degradative compartments of the endocytic and autophagic pathways. These pathways, and especially lysosomes, are points of particular vulnerability in many neurodegenerative diseases. Beyond the role of lysosomes in substrate degradation, new findings have ascribed to lysosomes the leading role in sensing and responding to cellular nutrients, growth factors and cellular stress. This review aims to integrate recent concepts of basic lysosome biology and pathobiology as a basis for understanding neurodegenerative disease pathogenesis. Here, we discuss the newly recognized signaling functions of lysosomes and specific aspects of lysosome biology in neurons while re-visiting the classical defining criteria for lysosomes and the importance of preserving strict definitions. Our discussion emphasizes dynein-mediated axonal transport of maturing degradative organelles, with further consideration of their roles in synaptic function. We finally examine how distinctive underlying disturbances of lysosomes in various neurodegenerative diseases result in unique patterns of auto/endolysosomal mistrafficking. The rapidly emerging understanding of lysosomal trafficking and disruptions in lysosome signaling is providing valuable clues to new targets for disease-modifying therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pearl P Y Lie
- Center for Dementia Research, Nathan S. Kline Institute, Orangeburg, NY 10962, USA; Department of Psychiatry, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY 10016, USA.
| | - Ralph A Nixon
- Center for Dementia Research, Nathan S. Kline Institute, Orangeburg, NY 10962, USA; Department of Psychiatry, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY 10016, USA; Department of Cell Biology, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY 10016, USA; NYU Neuroscience Institute, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY 10016, USA
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58
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Park E, Cho M, Hyun H, Shin J, Lee J, Park Y, Choi H, Kang H, Cheong H. Genotype–Phenotype Analysis in Pediatric Patients with Distal Renal Tubular Acidosis. Kidney Blood Press Res 2018; 43:513-521. [DOI: 10.1159/000488698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2018] [Accepted: 03/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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59
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Roh SH, Stam NJ, Hryc CF, Couoh-Cardel S, Pintilie G, Chiu W, Wilkens S. The 3.5-Å CryoEM Structure of Nanodisc-Reconstituted Yeast Vacuolar ATPase V o Proton Channel. Mol Cell 2018. [PMID: 29526695 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2018.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
The molecular mechanism of transmembrane proton translocation in rotary motor ATPases is not fully understood. Here, we report the 3.5-Å resolution cryoEM structure of the lipid nanodisc-reconstituted Vo proton channel of the yeast vacuolar H+-ATPase, captured in a physiologically relevant, autoinhibited state. The resulting atomic model provides structural detail for the amino acids that constitute the proton pathway at the interface of the proteolipid ring and subunit a. Based on the structure and previous mutagenesis studies, we propose the chemical basis of transmembrane proton transport. Moreover, we discovered that the C terminus of the assembly factor Voa1 is an integral component of mature Vo. Voa1's C-terminal transmembrane α helix is bound inside the proteolipid ring, where it contributes to the stability of the complex. Our structure rationalizes possible mechanisms by which mutations in human Vo can result in disease phenotypes and may thus provide new avenues for therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soung-Hun Roh
- Department of Bioengineering and James H. Clark Center, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Biosciences Division, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - Nicholas J Stam
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA
| | - Corey F Hryc
- Graduate Program in Quantitative and Computational Biosciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Verna and Marrs McLean Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Sergio Couoh-Cardel
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA
| | - Grigore Pintilie
- Verna and Marrs McLean Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Wah Chiu
- Department of Bioengineering and James H. Clark Center, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Biosciences Division, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA; Verna and Marrs McLean Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
| | - Stephan Wilkens
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA.
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60
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Merkulova M, Păunescu TG, Nair AV, Wang CY, Capen DE, Oliver PL, Breton S, Brown D. Targeted deletion of the Ncoa7 gene results in incomplete distal renal tubular acidosis in mice. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2018; 315:F173-F185. [PMID: 29384414 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00407.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
We recently reported that nuclear receptor coactivator 7 (Ncoa7) is a vacuolar proton pumping ATPase (V-ATPase) interacting protein whose function has not been defined. Ncoa7 is highly expressed in the kidney and partially colocalizes with the V-ATPase in collecting duct intercalated cells (ICs). Here, we hypothesized that targeted deletion of the Ncoa7 gene could affect V-ATPase activity in ICs in vivo. We tested this by analyzing the acid-base status, major electrolytes, and kidney morphology of Ncoa7 knockout (KO) mice. We found that Ncoa7 KO mice, similar to Atp6v1b1 KOs, did not develop severe distal renal tubular acidosis (dRTA), but they exhibited a persistently high urine pH and developed hypobicarbonatemia after acid loading with ammonium chloride. Conversely, they did not develop significant hyperbicarbonatemia and alkalemia after alkali loading with sodium bicarbonate. We also found that ICs were larger and with more developed apical microvilli in Ncoa7 KO compared with wild-type mice, a phenotype previously associated with metabolic acidosis. At the molecular level, the abundance of several V-ATPase subunits, carbonic anhydrase 2, and the anion exchanger 1 was significantly reduced in medullary ICs of Ncoa7 KO mice, suggesting that Ncoa7 is important for maintaining high levels of these proteins in the kidney. We conclude that Ncoa7 is involved in IC function and urine acidification in mice in vivo, likely through modulating the abundance of V-ATPase and other key acid-base regulators in the renal medulla. Consequently, mutations in the NCOA7 gene may also be involved in dRTA pathogenesis in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Merkulova
- Center for Systems Biology, Program in Membrane Biology and Division of Nephrology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School , Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Teodor G Păunescu
- Center for Systems Biology, Program in Membrane Biology and Division of Nephrology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School , Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Anil V Nair
- Center for Systems Biology, Program in Membrane Biology and Division of Nephrology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School , Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Chia-Yu Wang
- Center for Systems Biology, Program in Membrane Biology and Division of Nephrology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School , Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Diane E Capen
- Center for Systems Biology, Program in Membrane Biology and Division of Nephrology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School , Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Peter L Oliver
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford , Oxford , United Kingdom
| | - Sylvie Breton
- Center for Systems Biology, Program in Membrane Biology and Division of Nephrology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School , Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Dennis Brown
- Center for Systems Biology, Program in Membrane Biology and Division of Nephrology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School , Boston, Massachusetts
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61
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Tian C, Gagnon LH, Longo-Guess C, Korstanje R, Sheehan SM, Ohlemiller KK, Schrader AD, Lett JM, Johnson KR. Hearing loss without overt metabolic acidosis in ATP6V1B1 deficient MRL mice, a new genetic model for non-syndromic deafness with enlarged vestibular aqueducts. Hum Mol Genet 2018; 26:3722-3735. [PMID: 28934385 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddx257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2017] [Accepted: 06/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations of the human ATP6V1B1 gene cause distal renal tubular acidosis (dRTA; OMIM #267300) often associated with sensorineural hearing impairment; however, mice with a knockout mutation of Atp6v1b1 were reported to exhibit a compensated acidosis and normal hearing. We discovered a new spontaneous mutation (vortex, symbol vtx) of Atp6v1b1 in an MRL/MpJ (MRL) colony of mice. In contrast to the reported phenotype of the knockout mouse, which was developed on a primarily C57BL/6 (B6) strain background, MRL-Atp6v1b1vtx/vtx mutant mice exhibit profound hearing impairment, which is associated with enlarged endolymphatic compartments of the inner ear. Mutant mice have alkaline urine but do not exhibit overt metabolic acidosis, a renal phenotype similar to that of the Atpbv1b1 knockout mouse. The abnormal inner ear phenotype of MRL- Atp6v1b1vtx/vtx mice was lost when the mutation was transferred onto the C57BL/6J (B6) background, indicating the influence of strain-specific genetic modifiers. To genetically map modifier loci in Atp6v1b1vtx/vtx mice, we analysed ABR thresholds of progeny from a backcross segregating MRL and B6 alleles. We found statistically significant linkage with a locus on Chr 13 that accounts for about 20% of the hearing threshold variation in the backcross mice. The important effect that genetic background has on the inner ear phenotype of Atp6v1b1 mutant mice provides insight into the hearing loss variability associated with dRTA caused by ATP6V1B1 mutations. Because MRL-Atp6v1b1vxt/vtx mice do not recapitulate the metabolic acidosis of dRTA patients, they provide a new genetic model for nonsyndromic deafness with enlarged vestibular aqueduct (EVA; OMIM #600791).
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong Tian
- The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME 04609, USA.,Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, University of Maine, Orono, ME 04469, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Kevin K Ohlemiller
- Department of Otolaryngology, Central Institute for the Deaf, Fay and Carl Simons Center for Hearing and Deafness, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Angela D Schrader
- Department of Otolaryngology, Central Institute for the Deaf, Fay and Carl Simons Center for Hearing and Deafness, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Jaclynn M Lett
- Department of Otolaryngology, Central Institute for the Deaf, Fay and Carl Simons Center for Hearing and Deafness, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA
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Esmail S, Kartner N, Yao Y, Kim JW, Reithmeier RAF, Manolson MF. Molecular mechanisms of cutis laxa- and distal renal tubular acidosis-causing mutations in V-ATPase a subunits, ATP6V0A2 and ATP6V0A4. J Biol Chem 2018; 293:2787-2800. [PMID: 29311258 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m117.818872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2017] [Revised: 12/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The a subunit is the largest of 15 different subunits that make up the vacuolar H+-ATPase (V-ATPase) complex, where it functions in proton translocation. In mammals, this subunit has four paralogous isoforms, a1-a4, which may encode signals for targeting assembled V-ATPases to specific intracellular locations. Despite the functional importance of the a subunit, its structure remains controversial. By studying molecular mechanisms of human disease-causing missense mutations within a subunit isoforms, we may identify domains critical for V-ATPase targeting, activity and/or regulation. cDNA-encoded FLAG-tagged human wildtype ATP6V0A2 (a2) and ATP6V0A4 (a4) subunits and their mutants, a2P405L (causing cutis laxa), and a4R449H and a4G820R (causing renal tubular acidosis, dRTA), were transiently expressed in HEK 293 cells. N-Glycosylation was assessed using endoglycosidases, revealing that a2P405L, a4R449H, and a4G820R were fully N-glycosylated. Cycloheximide (CHX) chase assays revealed that a2P405L and a4R449H were unstable relative to wildtype. a4R449H was degraded predominantly in the proteasomal pathway, whereas a2P405L was degraded in both proteasomal and lysosomal pathways. Immunofluorescence studies disclosed retention in the endoplasmic reticulum and defective cell-surface expression of a4R449H and defective Golgi trafficking of a2P405L Co-immunoprecipitation studies revealed an increase in association of a4R449H with the V0 assembly factor VMA21, and a reduced association with the V1 sector subunit, ATP6V1B1 (B1). For a4G820R, where stability, degradation, and trafficking were relatively unaffected, 3D molecular modeling suggested that the mutation causes dRTA by blocking the proton pathway. This study provides critical information that may assist rational drug design to manage dRTA and cutis laxa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sally Esmail
- Dental Research Institute, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1G6
| | - Norbert Kartner
- Dental Research Institute, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1G6
| | - Yeqi Yao
- Dental Research Institute, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1G6
| | - Joo Wan Kim
- Dental Research Institute, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1G6
| | | | - Morris F Manolson
- Dental Research Institute, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1G6; Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada.
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63
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Enerbäck S, Nilsson D, Edwards N, Heglind M, Alkanderi S, Ashton E, Deeb A, Kokash FEB, Bakhsh ARA, Van't Hoff W, Walsh SB, D'Arco F, Daryadel A, Bourgeois S, Wagner CA, Kleta R, Bockenhauer D, Sayer JA. Acidosis and Deafness in Patients with Recessive Mutations in FOXI1. J Am Soc Nephrol 2017; 29:1041-1048. [PMID: 29242249 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2017080840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2017] [Accepted: 11/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Maintenance of the composition of inner ear fluid and regulation of electrolytes and acid-base homeostasis in the collecting duct system of the kidney require an overlapping set of membrane transport proteins regulated by the forkhead transcription factor FOXI1. In two unrelated consanguineous families, we identified three patients with novel homozygous missense mutations in FOXI1 (p.L146F and p.R213P) predicted to affect the highly conserved DNA binding domain. Patients presented with early-onset sensorineural deafness and distal renal tubular acidosis. In cultured cells, the mutations reduced the DNA binding affinity of FOXI1, which hence, failed to adequately activate genes crucial for normal inner ear function and acid-base regulation in the kidney. A substantial proportion of patients with a clinical diagnosis of inherited distal renal tubular acidosis has no identified causative mutations in currently known disease genes. Our data suggest that recessive mutations in FOXI1 can explain the disease in a subset of these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sven Enerbäck
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden;
| | - Daniel Nilsson
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Noel Edwards
- Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Mikael Heglind
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Sumaya Alkanderi
- Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Emma Ashton
- North East Thames Regional Genetic Service Laboratories, London, United Kingdom
| | - Asma Deeb
- Pediatric Services, Mafraq Hospital, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Feras E B Kokash
- College of Medicine, Gulf Medical University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates
| | - Abdul R A Bakhsh
- College of Medicine, Gulf Medical University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates
| | - William Van't Hoff
- Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, National Health Service Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen B Walsh
- University College London Centre for Nephrology, London, United Kingdom
| | - Felice D'Arco
- College of Medicine, Gulf Medical University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates
| | - Arezoo Daryadel
- Institute of Physiology, University of Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland; and.,National Center for Competence in Research, National Center in Competence in Research Kidney.CH, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Soline Bourgeois
- Institute of Physiology, University of Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland; and.,National Center for Competence in Research, National Center in Competence in Research Kidney.CH, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Carsten A Wagner
- Institute of Physiology, University of Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland; and.,National Center for Competence in Research, National Center in Competence in Research Kidney.CH, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Robert Kleta
- Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, National Health Service Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom.,University College London Centre for Nephrology, London, United Kingdom
| | - Detlef Bockenhauer
- Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, National Health Service Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom.,University College London Centre for Nephrology, London, United Kingdom
| | - John A Sayer
- Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, United Kingdom
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Yamamura T, Nozu K, Miyoshi Y, Nakanishi K, Fujimura J, Horinouchi T, Minamikawa S, Mori N, Fujimaru R, Nakanishi K, Ninchoji T, Kaito H, Mariko TI, Morioka I, Matsuo M, Iijima K. An in vitro splicing assay reveals the pathogenicity of a novel intronic variant in ATP6V0A4 for autosomal recessive distal renal tubular acidosis. BMC Nephrol 2017; 18:353. [PMID: 29202719 PMCID: PMC5716019 DOI: 10.1186/s12882-017-0774-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2017] [Accepted: 11/23/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Autosomal recessive distal renal tubular acidosis (dRTA) is a rare hereditary disease caused by pathogenic variants in the ATP6V0A4 gene or ATP6V1B1 gene, and characterized by hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis with normal anion gap, hypokalemia, hypercalciuria, hypocitraturia and nephrocalcinosis. Although several intronic nucleotide variants in these genes have been detected, all of them fell in the apparent splice consensus sequence. In general, transcriptional analysis is necessary to determine the effect on function of the novel intronic variants located out of splicing consensus sequences. In recent years, functional splicing analysis using minigene construction was used to assess the pathogenicity of novel intoronic variant in various field. Methods We investigated a sporadic case of dRTA with a compound heterozygous mutation in the ATP6V0A4 gene, revealed by next generation sequencing. One variant was already reported as pathogenic; however, the other was a novel variant in intron 11 (c.1029 + 5G > A) falling outside of the apparent splicing consensus sequence. Expression of ATP6V0A4 was not detected in peripheral leukocytes by RT-PCR analysis. Therefore, an in vitro functional splicing study using minigene construction was conducted to analyze the splicing pattern of the novel variant. Results A minigene assay revealed that the novel intronic variant leads to a 104 bp insertion immediately following exon 11. In addition, this result was confirmed using RNA extracted from the patient’s cultured leukocytes. Conclusion These results proved the pathogenicity of a novel intronic variant in our patient. We concluded that the minigene assay is a useful, non-invasive method for functional splicing analysis of inherited kidney disease, even if standard transcriptional analysis could not detect abnormal mRNA. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12882-017-0774-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomohiko Yamamura
- Department of Pediatrics, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-1 Kusunokicho, Chuo, Kobe, Hyogo, 6500017, Japan.
| | - Kandai Nozu
- Department of Pediatrics, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-1 Kusunokicho, Chuo, Kobe, Hyogo, 6500017, Japan
| | - Yuya Miyoshi
- Department of Pediatrics, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-1 Kusunokicho, Chuo, Kobe, Hyogo, 6500017, Japan
| | - Keita Nakanishi
- Department of Pediatrics, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-1 Kusunokicho, Chuo, Kobe, Hyogo, 6500017, Japan
| | - Junya Fujimura
- Department of Pediatrics, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-1 Kusunokicho, Chuo, Kobe, Hyogo, 6500017, Japan
| | - Tomoko Horinouchi
- Department of Pediatrics, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-1 Kusunokicho, Chuo, Kobe, Hyogo, 6500017, Japan
| | - Shogo Minamikawa
- Department of Pediatrics, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-1 Kusunokicho, Chuo, Kobe, Hyogo, 6500017, Japan
| | - Nobuo Mori
- Nakano Children's Hospital, 4-13-17 Shinmori, Asahi, Osaka, 5350022, Japan
| | - Rika Fujimaru
- Department of Pediatrics, Osaka City General Hospital, 2-13-22 Miyakojimahondori, Miyakojima, Osaka, 5340021, Japan
| | - Koichi Nakanishi
- Department of Child Health and Welfare (Pediatrics), Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, 207 Uehara, Nishihara, Nakagami, 9030125, Japan
| | - Takeshi Ninchoji
- Department of Pediatrics, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-1 Kusunokicho, Chuo, Kobe, Hyogo, 6500017, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kaito
- Department of Pediatrics, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-1 Kusunokicho, Chuo, Kobe, Hyogo, 6500017, Japan
| | - Taniguchi-Ikeda Mariko
- Department of Pediatrics, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-1 Kusunokicho, Chuo, Kobe, Hyogo, 6500017, Japan
| | - Ichiro Morioka
- Department of Pediatrics, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-1 Kusunokicho, Chuo, Kobe, Hyogo, 6500017, Japan
| | - Masafumi Matsuo
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Rehabilitation, Kobe Gakuin University, 518 Arise, Ikawadani, Nishi, Kobe, 6512180, Japan
| | - Kazumoto Iijima
- Department of Pediatrics, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-1 Kusunokicho, Chuo, Kobe, Hyogo, 6500017, Japan
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Honda K, Kim SH, Kelly MC, Burns JC, Constance L, Li X, Zhou F, Hoa M, Kelley MW, Wangemann P, Morell RJ, Griffith AJ. Molecular architecture underlying fluid absorption by the developing inner ear. eLife 2017; 6. [PMID: 28994389 PMCID: PMC5634787 DOI: 10.7554/elife.26851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2017] [Accepted: 09/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations of SLC26A4 are a common cause of hearing loss associated with enlargement of the endolymphatic sac (EES). Slc26a4 expression in the developing mouse endolymphatic sac is required for acquisition of normal inner ear structure and function. Here, we show that the mouse endolymphatic sac absorbs fluid in an SLC26A4-dependent fashion. Fluid absorption was sensitive to ouabain and gadolinium but insensitive to benzamil, bafilomycin and S3226. Single-cell RNA-seq analysis of pre- and postnatal endolymphatic sacs demonstrates two types of differentiated cells. Early ribosome-rich cells (RRCs) have a transcriptomic signature suggesting expression and secretion of extracellular proteins, while mature RRCs express genes implicated in innate immunity. The transcriptomic signature of mitochondria-rich cells (MRCs) indicates that they mediate vectorial ion transport. We propose a molecular mechanism for resorption of NaCl by MRCs during development, and conclude that disruption of this mechanism is the root cause of hearing loss associated with EES.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keiji Honda
- Molecular Biology and Genetics Section, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, United States
| | - Sung Huhn Kim
- Anatomy and Physiology Department, Kansas State University, Manhattan, United States
| | - Michael C Kelly
- Developmental Neuroscience Section, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, United States
| | - Joseph C Burns
- Developmental Neuroscience Section, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, United States
| | - Laura Constance
- Anatomy and Physiology Department, Kansas State University, Manhattan, United States
| | - Xiangming Li
- Anatomy and Physiology Department, Kansas State University, Manhattan, United States
| | - Fei Zhou
- Anatomy and Physiology Department, Kansas State University, Manhattan, United States
| | - Michael Hoa
- Auditory Development and Restoration Program, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, United States
| | - Matthew W Kelley
- Developmental Neuroscience Section, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, United States
| | - Philine Wangemann
- Anatomy and Physiology Department, Kansas State University, Manhattan, United States
| | - Robert J Morell
- Genomics and Computational Biology Core, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, United States
| | - Andrew J Griffith
- Molecular Biology and Genetics Section, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, United States
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66
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Nagara M, Papagregoriou G, Ben Abdallah R, Landoulsi Z, Bouyacoub Y, Elouej S, Kefi R, Pippucci T, Voskarides K, Bashamboo A, McElreavey K, Hachicha M, Romeo G, Seri M, Deltas C, Abdelhak S. Distal renal tubular acidosis in a Libyan patient: Evidence for digenic inheritance. Eur J Med Genet 2017; 61:1-7. [PMID: 29024829 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmg.2017.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2016] [Revised: 08/15/2017] [Accepted: 10/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
AIM OF THE STUDY Recent advances in understanding the underlying molecular mechanism for distal renal tubular acidosis (dRTA), led to an increased attention towards the primary and the familial forms of the disease. Mutations in ATP6V1B1 and ATP6V0A4 are usually responsible for the recessive form of the disease. Mutations in gene AE1 encoding the Cl-/HCO3- exchanger, usually present as dominant dRTA, but a recessive pattern has been recently described. Our objective is to identify the mutational spectrum responsible of dRTA in a consanguineous Libyan family. MATERIALS AND METHODS Both ATP6V0A4 and ATP6V1B1 genes were preferentially screened in our patient. Additional whole exome sequencing (WES) in the same patient, offered a wider view on potential chromosomal rearrangements as well as the mutational spectrum of other genes involved in this disease. RESULTS The patient is a heterozygote for two different mutations, one in each of the genes ATP6V0A4 and ATP6V1B1, while no deleterious variation was detected in the remaining genes responsible for the recessive form of dRTA. Homozygosity mapping and WES confirmed our findings and supported the hypothesis of a digenic inheritance model existing as an explanation for dRTA. CONCLUSIONS To our knowledge, this is the first report describing a Libyan patient with dRTA who suffered from early-onset sensorineural hearing loss, with a digenic mode of inheritance, supported by the identification of two novel mutations. This study increases the understanding of how dRTA is genetically transmitted, while offers a good outline towards the molecular diagnostics and genetic counseling for dRTA in Lybians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Majdi Nagara
- Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Laboratoire de Génomique Biomédicale et Oncogénétique (LR11IPT05), 1002 Tunis, Tunisia; Aix Marseille University, Medical Genetics & Functional Genomics, UMR_S 910 Inserm, 13385 Marseille, France.
| | - Gregory Papagregoriou
- Molecular Medicine Research Center and Laboratory of Molecular and Medical Genetics, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | | | - Zied Landoulsi
- Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Laboratoire de Génomique Biomédicale et Oncogénétique (LR11IPT05), 1002 Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Yosra Bouyacoub
- Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Laboratoire de Génomique Biomédicale et Oncogénétique (LR11IPT05), 1002 Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Sahar Elouej
- Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Laboratoire de Génomique Biomédicale et Oncogénétique (LR11IPT05), 1002 Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Rym Kefi
- Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Laboratoire de Génomique Biomédicale et Oncogénétique (LR11IPT05), 1002 Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Tommaso Pippucci
- U.O. Genetica Medica, Policlinico Sant'Orsola-Malpighi, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Konstantinos Voskarides
- Molecular Medicine Research Center and Laboratory of Molecular and Medical Genetics, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Anu Bashamboo
- Human Developmental Genetics, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | | | | | - Giovanni Romeo
- U.O. Genetica Medica, Policlinico Sant'Orsola-Malpighi, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Marco Seri
- U.O. Genetica Medica, Policlinico Sant'Orsola-Malpighi, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Constantinos Deltas
- Molecular Medicine Research Center and Laboratory of Molecular and Medical Genetics, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Sonia Abdelhak
- Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Laboratoire de Génomique Biomédicale et Oncogénétique (LR11IPT05), 1002 Tunis, Tunisia
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67
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Pathophysiology, diagnosis and treatment of inherited distal renal tubular acidosis. J Nephrol 2017; 31:511-522. [DOI: 10.1007/s40620-017-0447-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2017] [Accepted: 09/21/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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68
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Trepiccione F, Prosperi F, de la Motte LR, Hübner CA, Chambrey R, Eladari D, Capasso G. New Findings on the Pathogenesis of Distal Renal Tubular Acidosis. KIDNEY DISEASES 2017; 3:98-105. [PMID: 29344504 DOI: 10.1159/000478781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2017] [Revised: 06/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Background Distal renal tubular acidosis (dRTA) is characterized by an impairment of the urinary acidification process in the distal nephron. Complete or incomplete metabolic acidosis coupled with inappropriately alkaline urine are the hallmarks of this condition. Genetic forms of dRTA are caused by loss of function mutations of either SLC4A1, encoding the AE1 anion exchanger, or ATP6V1B1 and ATP6V0A4, encoding for the B1 and a4 subunits of the vH+ATPase, respectively. These genes are crucial for the function of A-type intercalated cells (A-IC) of the distal nephron. Summary Alterations of acid-base homeostasis are variably associated with hypokalemia, hypercalciuria, nephrocalcinosis or nephrolithiasis, and a salt-losing phenotype. Here we report the diagnostic test and the underlying physiopathological mechanisms. The molecular mechanisms identified so far can explain the defect in acid secretion, but do not explain all clinical features. We review the latest experimental findings on the pathogenesis of dRTA, reporting mechanisms that are instrumental for the clinician and potentially inspiring a novel therapeutic strategy. Key Message Primary dRTA is usually intended as a single-cell disease because the A-IC are mainly affected. However, novel evidence shows that different cell types of the nephron may contribute to the signs and symptoms, moving the focus from a single-cell towards a renal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Trepiccione
- Department of Cardiothoracic and Respiratory Science, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli," Naples, Italy
| | - Federica Prosperi
- Department of Cardiothoracic and Respiratory Science, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli," Naples, Italy.,Biogem S.c.a.r.l., Research Institute Gaetano Salvatore, Ariano Irpino, Italy
| | - Luigi Regenburgh de la Motte
- Department of Cardiothoracic and Respiratory Science, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli," Naples, Italy.,Biogem S.c.a.r.l., Research Institute Gaetano Salvatore, Ariano Irpino, Italy
| | - Christian A Hübner
- Institute of Human Genetics, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich Schiller University, Jena, Germany
| | - Regine Chambrey
- Inserm U1188, Diabète athérothrombose Thérapies Réunion Océan Indien (DéTROI), Université de La Réunion, France
| | - Dominique Eladari
- Service d'Explorations Fonctionnelles Rénales, Hôpital Felix Guyon, CHU de la Réunion, Saint-Denis, Ile de la Réunion, France
| | - Giovambattista Capasso
- Department of Cardiothoracic and Respiratory Science, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli," Naples, Italy.,Biogem S.c.a.r.l., Research Institute Gaetano Salvatore, Ariano Irpino, Italy
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Chen L, Higgins PJ, Zhang W. Development and Diseases of the Collecting Duct System. Results Probl Cell Differ 2017; 60:165-203. [PMID: 28409346 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-51436-9_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The collecting duct of the mammalian kidney is important for the regulation of extracellular volume, osmolarity, and pH. There are two major structurally and functionally distinct cell types: principal cells and intercalated cells. The former regulates Na+ and water homeostasis, while the latter participates in acid-base homeostasis. In vivo lineage tracing using Cre recombinase or its derivatives such as CreGFP and CreERT2 is a powerful new technique to identify stem/progenitor cells in their native environment and to decipher the origins of the tissue that they give rise to. Recent studies using this technique in mice have revealed multiple renal progenitor cell populations that differentiate into various nephron segments and collecting duct. In particular, emerging evidence suggests that like principal cells, most of intercalated cells originate from the progenitor cells expressing water channel Aquaporin 2. Mutations or malfunctions of the channels, pumps, and transporters expressed in the collecting duct system cause various human diseases. For example, gain-of-function mutations in ENaC cause Liddle's syndrome, while loss-of-function mutations in ENaC lead to Pseudohypoaldosteronism type 1. Mutations in either AE1 or V-ATPase B1 result in distal renal tubular acidosis. Patients with disrupted AQP2 or AVPR2 develop nephrogenic diabetes insipidus. A better understanding of the function and development of the collecting duct system may facilitate the discovery of new therapeutic strategies for treating kidney disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihe Chen
- Epithelial Systems Biology Laboratory, Systems Biology Center, NHLBI, Bethesda, MD, 20892-1603, USA
| | - Paul J Higgins
- Department of Regenerative and Cancer Cell Biology, Albany Medical College, MC-165, 47 New Scotland Avenue, Albany, NY, 12208, USA
| | - Wenzheng Zhang
- Department of Regenerative and Cancer Cell Biology, Albany Medical College, MC-165, 47 New Scotland Avenue, Albany, NY, 12208, USA.
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70
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Polymorphisms in Renal Ammonia Metabolism Genes Correlate With 24-Hour Urine pH. Kidney Int Rep 2017; 2:1111-1121. [PMID: 29270519 PMCID: PMC5733879 DOI: 10.1016/j.ekir.2017.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2016] [Revised: 05/23/2017] [Accepted: 06/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Urine pH is critical for net acid and solute excretion, but the genetic factors that contribute to its regulation are incompletely understood. Methods We tested the association of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) from 16 genes related to ammonia (NH3) metabolism (15 biological candidates selected a priori, 1 selected from a previous genome-wide association study analysis) to that of 24-hour urine pH in 2493 individuals of European descent across 2 different cohorts using linear regression, adjusting for age, sex, and body mass index. Results Of 2871 total SNPs in these genes, 13 SNPs in ATP6V0A4 (a4 subunit of hydrogen− adenosine triphosphatase), SLC9A3 (sodium/hydrogen exchanger, isoform 3), and RHCG (Rhesus C glycoprotein), and 12 SNPs from insulin-like growth factor binding protein 7 (IGFBP7) had a meta-analysis P value <0.01 in the joint analysis plus a consistent direction of effect and at a least suggestive association (P < 0.1) in both cohorts. The maximal effect size (in pH units) for each additional minor allele of the identified SNPs was −0.13 for IGFBP7, −0.08 for ATP6V0A4, 0.06 for RHCG, and −0.06 for SLC9A3; SNP rs34447434 in IGFBP7 had the lowest meta-analysis P value (P = 7.1 × 10−8). After adjusting for net alkali absorption, urine pH remained suggestively associated with multiple SNPs in IGFBP, 1 SNP in ATP6V0A4, and a new SNP in GLS (phosphate-dependent glutaminase). Discussion Overall, these findings suggest that variants in common genes involved in ammonia metabolism may substantively contribute to basal urine pH regulation. These variations might influence the likelihood of developing disease conditions associated with altered urine pH, such as uric acid or calcium phosphate kidney stones.
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71
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Besouw MTP, Bienias M, Walsh P, Kleta R, Van't Hoff WG, Ashton E, Jenkins L, Bockenhauer D. Clinical and molecular aspects of distal renal tubular acidosis in children. Pediatr Nephrol 2017; 32:987-996. [PMID: 28188436 DOI: 10.1007/s00467-016-3573-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2016] [Revised: 12/16/2016] [Accepted: 12/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Distal renal tubular acidosis (dRTA) is characterized by hyperchloraemic metabolic acidosis, hypokalaemia, hypercalciuria and nephrocalcinosis. It is due to reduced urinary acidification by the α-intercalated cells in the collecting duct and can be caused by mutations in genes that encode subunits of the vacuolar H+-ATPase (ATP6V1B1, ATP6V0A4) or the anion exchanger 1 (SLC4A1). Treatment with alkali is the mainstay of therapy. METHODS This study is an analysis of clinical data from a long-term follow-up of 24 children with dRTA in a single centre, including a genetic analysis. RESULTS Of the 24 children included in the study, genetic diagnosis was confirmed in 19 patients, with six children having mutations in ATP6V1B1, ten in ATP6V0A4 and three in SLC4A1; molecular diagnosis was not available for five children. Five novel mutations were detected (2 in ATP6V1B1 and 3 in ATP6V0A4). Two-thirds of patients presented with features of proximal tubular dysfunction leading to an erroneous diagnosis of renal Fanconi syndrome. The proximal tubulopathy disappeared after resolution of acidosis, indicating the importance of following proximal tubular function to establish the correct diagnosis. Growth retardation with a height below -2 standard deviation score was found in ten patients at presentation, but persisted in only three of these children once established on alkali treatment. Sensorineural hearing loss was found in five of the six patients with an ATP6V1B1 mutation. Only one patient with an ATP6V0A4 mutation had sensorineural hearing loss during childhood. Nine children developed medullary cysts, but without apparent clinical consequences. Cyst development in this cohort was not correlated with age at therapy onset, molecular diagnosis, growth parameters or renal function. CONCLUSION In general, the prognosis of dRTA is good in children treated with alkali.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martine T P Besouw
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, Great Ormond Street, London, WC1N 3JH, UK
| | - Marc Bienias
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Technical University Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Patrick Walsh
- Great North Children's Hospital, Newcastle upon Tyne NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle, UK
| | - Robert Kleta
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, Great Ormond Street, London, WC1N 3JH, UK.,Centre for Nephrology, University College London Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | - William G Van't Hoff
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, Great Ormond Street, London, WC1N 3JH, UK
| | - Emma Ashton
- North East Thames Regional Genetics Service Laboratories, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Lucy Jenkins
- North East Thames Regional Genetics Service Laboratories, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Detlef Bockenhauer
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, Great Ormond Street, London, WC1N 3JH, UK. .,Centre for Nephrology, University College London Institute of Child Health, London, UK.
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72
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Abstract
The vacuolar ATPases (V-ATPases) are a family of proton pumps that couple ATP hydrolysis to proton transport into intracellular compartments and across the plasma membrane. They function in a wide array of normal cellular processes, including membrane traffic, protein processing and degradation, and the coupled transport of small molecules, as well as such physiological processes as urinary acidification and bone resorption. The V-ATPases have also been implicated in a number of disease processes, including viral infection, renal disease, and bone resorption defects. This review is focused on the growing evidence for the important role of V-ATPases in cancer. This includes functions in cellular signaling (particularly Wnt, Notch, and mTOR signaling), cancer cell survival in the highly acidic environment of tumors, aiding the development of drug resistance, as well as crucial roles in tumor cell invasion, migration, and metastasis. Of greatest excitement is evidence that at least some tumors express isoforms of V-ATPase subunits whose disruption is not lethal, leading to the possibility of developing anti-cancer therapeutics that selectively target V-ATPases that function in cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Stransky
- Department of Developmental, Molecular and Chemical Biology, Tufts University School of Medicine, and Program in Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Program in Biochemistry, and Program in Cell, Molecular and Developmental Biology, Sackler School of Graduate Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Kristina Cotter
- Department of Developmental, Molecular and Chemical Biology, Tufts University School of Medicine, and Program in Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Program in Biochemistry, and Program in Cell, Molecular and Developmental Biology, Sackler School of Graduate Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Michael Forgac
- Department of Developmental, Molecular and Chemical Biology, Tufts University School of Medicine, and Program in Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Program in Biochemistry, and Program in Cell, Molecular and Developmental Biology, Sackler School of Graduate Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts
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73
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[Clinical features of hereditary distal renal tubular acidosis and SLC4A1 gene mutation]. ZHONGGUO DANG DAI ER KE ZA ZHI = CHINESE JOURNAL OF CONTEMPORARY PEDIATRICS 2017; 19. [PMID: 28407820 PMCID: PMC7389662 DOI: 10.7499/j.issn.1008-8830.2017.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To study the clinical features of two families with distal renal tubular acidosis (dRTA) and mutations in the pathogenic gene SLC4A1. METHODS Family investigation, medical history collection, and measurement of biochemical parameters were performed to analyze the clinical phenotype and genetic characteristics of dRTA. Direct sequencing was used to detect SLC4A1 gene mutations. RESULTS Three patients in these two families (two of them were mother and son) were diagnosed with dRTA with typical clinical features, including short stature, metabolic acidosis, alkaline urine, hypokalemia, and nephrocalcinosis. SLC4A1 gene analysis showed that all the three patients had a pathogenic missense mutation R589H (c.1766G>A). The child in family 1 had a de novo mutation of SLC4A1, and the child in family 2 had an SLC4A1 gene mutation inherited from the mother, which met the characteristic of autosomal dominant inheritance. CONCLUSIONS This study reports the R589H mutation in SLC4A1 gene in families with hereditary dRTA for the first time in China. Clinical physicians should perform gene detection for patients suspected of hereditary dRTA to improve the diagnosis and treatment of this disease.
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74
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Yosypiv IV. Prorenin receptor in kidney development. Pediatr Nephrol 2017; 32:383-392. [PMID: 27160552 DOI: 10.1007/s00467-016-3365-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2016] [Revised: 02/26/2016] [Accepted: 02/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Prorenin receptor (PRR), a receptor for renin and prorenin and an accessory subunit of the vacuolar proton pump H+-ATPase, is expressed in the developing kidney. Global loss of PRR is lethal in mice, and PRR mutations are associated with a high blood pressure, left ventricular hypertrophy and X-linked mental retardation in humans. With the advent of modern gene targeting techniques, including conditional knockout approaches, several recent studies have demonstrated critical roles for the PRR in several lineages of the developing kidney. PRR signaling has been shown to be essential for branching morphogenesis of the ureteric bud (UB), nephron progenitor survival and nephrogenesis. PRR regulates these developmental events through interactions with other transcription and growth factors. Several targeted PRR knockout animal models have structural defects mimicking congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract observed in humans. The aim of this review, is to highlight new insights into the cellular and molecular mechanisms by which PRR may regulate UB branching, terminal differentiation and function of UB-derived collecting ducts, nephron progenitor maintenance, progression of nephrogenesis and normal structural kidney development and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ihor V Yosypiv
- Section of Pediatric Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, Hypertension and Renal Center of Excellence, Tulane University Health Sciences Center, 1430 Tulane Avenue, SL-37, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA.
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75
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The genetic and clinical spectrum of a large cohort of patients with distal renal tubular acidosis. Kidney Int 2017; 91:1243-1255. [PMID: 28233610 DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2016.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2016] [Revised: 12/20/2016] [Accepted: 12/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Primary distal renal tubular acidosis is a rare genetic disease. Mutations in SLC4A1, ATP6V0A4, and ATP6V1B1 genes have been described as the cause of the disease, transmitted as either an autosomal dominant or recessive trait. Particular clinical features, such as sensorineural hearing loss, have been mainly described in association with mutations in one gene instead of the others. Nevertheless, the diagnosis of distal renal tubular acidosis is essentially based on clinical and laboratory findings, and the series of patients described so far are usually represented by small cohorts. Therefore, a strict genotype-phenotype correlation is still lacking, and questions about whether clinical and laboratory data should direct the genetic analysis remain open. Here, we applied next-generation sequencing in 89 patients with a clinical diagnosis of distal renal tubular acidosis, analyzing the prevalence of genetic defects in SLC4A1, ATP6V0A4, and ATP6V1B1 genes and the clinical phenotype. A genetic cause was determined in 71.9% of cases. In our group of sporadic cases, clinical features, including sensorineural hearing loss, are not specific indicators of the causal underlying gene. Mutations in the ATP6V0A4 gene are quite as frequent as mutations in ATP6V1B1 in patients with recessive disease. Chronic kidney disease was frequent in patients with a long history of the disease. Thus, our results suggest that when distal renal tubular acidosis is suspected, complete genetic testing could be considered, irrespective of the clinical phenotype of the patient.
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76
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Complicated pregnancies in inherited distal renal tubular acidosis: importance of acid-base balance. J Nephrol 2016; 30:455-460. [DOI: 10.1007/s40620-016-0370-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2016] [Accepted: 12/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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77
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Colacurcio DJ, Nixon RA. Disorders of lysosomal acidification-The emerging role of v-ATPase in aging and neurodegenerative disease. Ageing Res Rev 2016; 32:75-88. [PMID: 27197071 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2016.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 299] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2016] [Revised: 05/02/2016] [Accepted: 05/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Autophagy and endocytosis deliver unneeded cellular materials to lysosomes for degradation. Beyond processing cellular waste, lysosomes release metabolites and ions that serve signaling and nutrient sensing roles, linking the functions of the lysosome to various pathways for intracellular metabolism and nutrient homeostasis. Each of these lysosomal behaviors is influenced by the intraluminal pH of the lysosome, which is maintained in the low acidic range by a proton pump, the vacuolar ATPase (v-ATPase). New reports implicate altered v-ATPase activity and lysosomal pH dysregulation in cellular aging, longevity, and adult-onset neurodegenerative diseases, including forms of Parkinson disease and Alzheimer disease. Genetic defects of subunits composing the v-ATPase or v-ATPase-related proteins occur in an increasingly recognized group of familial neurodegenerative diseases. Here, we review the expanding roles of the v-ATPase complex as a platform regulating lysosomal hydrolysis and cellular homeostasis. We discuss the unique vulnerability of neurons to persistent low level lysosomal dysfunction and review recent clinical and experimental studies that link dysfunction of the v-ATPase complex to neurodegenerative diseases across the age spectrum.
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78
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Takeuchi T, Hattori-Kato M, Okuno Y, Kanatani A, Zaitsu M, Mikami K. A single nucleotide polymorphism in kidney anion exchanger 1 gene is associated with incomplete type 1 renal tubular acidosis. Sci Rep 2016; 6:35841. [PMID: 27767102 PMCID: PMC5073285 DOI: 10.1038/srep35841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2016] [Accepted: 10/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Various conditions including distal renal tubular acidosis (dRTA) can induce stone formation in the kidney. dRTA is characterized by an impairment of urine acidification in the distal nephron. dRTA is caused by variations in genes functioning in intercalated cells including SLC4A1/AE1/Band3 transcribing two kinds of mRNAs encoding the Cl−/HCO3− exchanger in erythrocytes and that expressed in α-intercalated cells (kAE1). With the acid-loading test, 25% of urolithiasis patients were diagnosed with incomplete dRTA. In erythroid intron 3 containing the promoter region of kAE1, rs999716 SNP showed a significantly higher minor allele A frequency in incomplete dRTA compared with non-dRTA patients. The promoter regions of the kAE1 gene with the minor allele A at rs999716 downstream of the TATA box showed reduced promoter activities compared that with the major allele G. Patients with the A allele at rs999716 may express less kAE1 mRNA and protein in the intercalated cells, developing incomplete dRTA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takumi Takeuchi
- Department of Urology, Japan Organization of Occupational Health and Safety, Kanto Rosai Hospital, 1-1 Kizukisumiyoshi-cho, Nakahara-ku, Kawasaki 211-8510, Japan
| | - Mami Hattori-Kato
- Department of Urology, Japan Organization of Occupational Health and Safety, Kanto Rosai Hospital, 1-1 Kizukisumiyoshi-cho, Nakahara-ku, Kawasaki 211-8510, Japan
| | - Yumiko Okuno
- Department of Urology, Japan Organization of Occupational Health and Safety, Kanto Rosai Hospital, 1-1 Kizukisumiyoshi-cho, Nakahara-ku, Kawasaki 211-8510, Japan
| | - Atsushi Kanatani
- Division of Molecular Pathology, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan
| | - Masayoshi Zaitsu
- Department of Urology, Japan Organization of Occupational Health and Safety, Kanto Rosai Hospital, 1-1 Kizukisumiyoshi-cho, Nakahara-ku, Kawasaki 211-8510, Japan
| | - Koji Mikami
- Department of Urology, Japan Organization of Occupational Health and Safety, Kanto Rosai Hospital, 1-1 Kizukisumiyoshi-cho, Nakahara-ku, Kawasaki 211-8510, Japan
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79
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Miyazaki H, Wangemann P, Marcus DC. The gastric H,K-ATPase in stria vascularis contributes to pH regulation of cochlear endolymph but not to K secretion. BMC PHYSIOLOGY 2016; 17:1. [PMID: 27515813 PMCID: PMC4982335 DOI: 10.1186/s12899-016-0024-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2016] [Accepted: 07/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Disturbance of acid-base balance in the inner ear is known to be associated with hearing loss in a number of conditions including genetic mutations and pharmacologic interventions. Several previous physiologic and immunohistochemical observations lead to proposals of the involvement of acid-base transporters in stria vascularis. RESULTS We directly measured acid flux in vitro from the apical side of isolated stria vascularis from adult C57Bl/6 mice with a novel constant-perfusion pH-selective self-referencing probe. Acid efflux that depended on metabolism and ion transport was observed from the apical side of stria vascularis. The acid flux was decreased to about 40 % of control by removal of the metabolic substrate (glucose-free) and by inhibition of the sodium pump (ouabain). The flux was also decreased a) by inhibition of Na,H-exchangers by amiloride, dimethylamiloride (DMA), S3226 and Hoe694, b) by inhibition of Na,2Cl,K-cotransporter (NKCC1) by bumetanide, and c) by the likely inhibition of HCO3/anion exchange by DIDS. By contrast, the acid flux was increased by inhibition of gastric H,K-ATPase (SCH28080) but was not affected by an inhibitor of vH-ATPase (bafilomycin). K flux from stria vascularis was reduced less than 5 % by SCH28080. CONCLUSIONS These observations suggest that stria vascularis may be an important site of control of cochlear acid-base balance and demonstrate a functional role of several acid-base transporters in stria vascularis, including basolateral H,K-ATPase and apical Na,H-exchange. Previous suggestions that H secretion is mediated by an apical vH-ATPase and that basolateral H,K-ATPase contributes importantly to K secretion in stria vascularis are not supported. These results advance our understanding of inner ear acid-base balance and provide a stronger basis to interpret the etiology of genetic and pharmacologic cochlear dysfunctions that are influenced by endolymphatic pH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiromitsu Miyazaki
- Department of Anatomy & Physiology, Cellular Biophysics Laboratory, Kansas State University, 228 Coles Hall, Manhattan, KS 66506-5802 USA
- Deparment of Anatomy & Physiology, Cell Physiology Laboratory, Kansas State University, 228 Coles Hall, Manhattan, KS 66506-5802 USA
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, 980-8574 Japan
| | - Philine Wangemann
- Deparment of Anatomy & Physiology, Cell Physiology Laboratory, Kansas State University, 228 Coles Hall, Manhattan, KS 66506-5802 USA
| | - Daniel C. Marcus
- Department of Anatomy & Physiology, Cellular Biophysics Laboratory, Kansas State University, 228 Coles Hall, Manhattan, KS 66506-5802 USA
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80
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Alexander RT, Cordat E, Chambrey R, Dimke H, Eladari D. Acidosis and Urinary Calcium Excretion: Insights from Genetic Disorders. J Am Soc Nephrol 2016; 27:3511-3520. [PMID: 27468975 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2016030305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic acidosis is associated with increased urinary calcium excretion and related sequelae, including nephrocalcinosis and nephrolithiasis. The increased urinary calcium excretion induced by metabolic acidosis predominantly results from increased mobilization of calcium out of bone and inhibition of calcium transport processes within the renal tubule. The mechanisms whereby acid alters the integrity and stability of bone have been examined extensively in the published literature. Here, after briefly reviewing this literature, we consider the effects of acid on calcium transport in the renal tubule and then discuss why not all gene defects that cause renal tubular acidosis are associated with hypercalciuria and nephrocalcinosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Todd Alexander
- Departments of Pediatrics and .,Physiology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | | | - Régine Chambrey
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U970, Paris Centre de Recherche Cardiovasculaire, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Henrik Dimke
- Department of Cardiovascular and Renal Research, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Demark; and
| | - Dominique Eladari
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U970, Paris Centre de Recherche Cardiovasculaire, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France.,Department of Physiologie, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
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81
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Golder ZJ, Karet Frankl FE. Extra-renal locations of the a4 subunit of H(+)ATPase. BMC Cell Biol 2016; 17:27. [PMID: 27368196 PMCID: PMC4930620 DOI: 10.1186/s12860-016-0106-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2016] [Accepted: 06/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vacuolar-type proton pumps help maintain acid-base homeostasis either within intracellular compartments or at specialised plasma membranes. In mammals they are made up of 13 subunits, which form two functional domains. A number of the subunits have variants that display tissue restricted expression patterns such that in specialised cell types they replace the generic subunits at some sub-cellular locations. The tissue restricted a4 subunit has previously been reported at the plasma membrane in the kidney, inner ear, olfactory epithelium and male reproductive tract. RESULTS In this study novel locations of the a4 subunit were investigated using an Atp6v0a4 knockout mouse line in which a LacZ reporter cassette replaced part of the gene. The presence of a4 in the olfactory epithelium was further investigated and the additional presence of C2 and d2 subunits identified. The a4 subunit was found in the uterus of pregnant animals and a4 was identified along with d2 and C2 in the embryonic visceral yolk sac. In the male reproductive tract a4 was seen in the novel locations of the prostatic alveoli and the ampullary glands as well as the previously reported epididymis and vas deferens. CONCLUSIONS The identification of novel locations for the a4 subunit and other tissue-restricted subunits increases the range of unique subunit combinations making up the proton pump. These studies suggest additional roles of the proton pump, indicating a further range of homologue-specific functions for tissue-restricted subunits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoe J Golder
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.,Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Cambridge Biomedical Campus Box 139, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 OXY, UK
| | - Fiona E Karet Frankl
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK. .,Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Cambridge Biomedical Campus Box 139, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 OXY, UK.
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82
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Imai E, Kaneko S, Mori T, Okado T, Uchida S, Tsukamoto Y. A novel heterozygous mutation in the ATP6V0A4 gene encoding the V-ATPase a4 subunit in an adult patient with incomplete distal renal tubular acidosis. Clin Kidney J 2016; 9:424-8. [PMID: 27274828 PMCID: PMC4886904 DOI: 10.1093/ckj/sfw008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2015] [Accepted: 01/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
A 40-year-old Japanese man who had a medical history of hypokalemic periodic paralysis 4 months prior was hospitalized to undergo a cholecystectomy. Hypokalemia, nephrocalcinosis and alkaluria suggesting distal renal tubular acidosis (dRTA) were detected, but metabolic acidosis was not evident. An ammonium chloride/furosemide–fludrocortisone/bicarbonate loading test demonstrated a remarkable disability in urinary H+ excretion. A novel heterozygous mutation in the ATP6V0A4 gene encoding the vacuolar H+-ATPase (V-ATPase) a4 subunit p.S544L was detected. Among cases of V-ATPase a4 mutations, this is the first case in which a heterozygous mutation developed to an incomplete or latent form of dRTA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eri Imai
- Department of Nephrology , Itabashi Chuo Medical Center , Tokyo , Japan
| | - Shuzo Kaneko
- Department of Nephrology , Itabashi Chuo Medical Center , Tokyo , Japan
| | - Takayasu Mori
- Department of Nephrology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences , Tokyo Medical and Dental University , Tokyo , Japan
| | - Tomokazu Okado
- Department of Nephrology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences , Tokyo Medical and Dental University , Tokyo , Japan
| | - Shinichi Uchida
- Department of Nephrology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences , Tokyo Medical and Dental University , Tokyo , Japan
| | - Yusuke Tsukamoto
- Department of Nephrology , Itabashi Chuo Medical Center , Tokyo , Japan
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83
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Gómez J, Gil-Peña H, Santos F, Coto E, Arango A, Hernandez O, Rodríguez J, Nadal I, Cantos V, Chocrón S, Vergara I, Madrid Á, Vazquez C, González LE, Blanco F. Primary distal renal tubular acidosis: novel findings in patients studied by next-generation sequencing. Pediatr Res 2016; 79:496-501. [PMID: 26571219 DOI: 10.1038/pr.2015.243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2015] [Accepted: 08/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Primary distal renal tubular acidosis (DRTA) is a rare disease caused by loss-of-function mutations in at least three genes (ATP6V0A4, ATP6V1B1, and SLC4A1) involved in urinary distal acidification. The next-generation sequencing (NGS) technique facilitates the search for mutations in DRTA patients and helps to characterize the genetic and clinical spectrum of the disease. METHODS Ten DRTA patients were studied. They had normal serum anion gap (AG), metabolic acidosis with simultaneous positive urinary AG, and inability to maximally acidify the urine. The exons of the three genes were sequenced in two pools by ultrasequencing. Putative mutations were confirmed by corresponding Sanger sequencing of each exon. RESULTS We found 13 mutations in nine patients. ATP6V0A4: Intron16+2insA; p.R807Q; p.Q276fs; p.P395fs; Intron7-2T>C. ATP6V1B1: p.I386fs; p.R394Q. SLC4A1: p.V245M; p.R589C; p.R589H; p.G609A. One case was a compound heterozygous with a known mutation in ATP6V1B1 (p.G609R) and a pathogenic variation at SLC4A1 (p.E508K). One patient was negative for mutations. CONCLUSION This study evidences that NGS is labor and cost effective for the analysis of DRTA genes. Our results show for the first time SLC4A1 gene mutations in Spanish patients and disclose that compound heterozygosity at two different genes can be responsible for DRTA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Gómez
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
| | - Helena Gil-Peña
- Department of Pediatrics, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
| | - Fernando Santos
- Department of Pediatrics, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo, Asturias, Spain.,Department of Pediatrics, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
| | - Eliecer Coto
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo, Asturias, Spain.,Red de Investigación Renal - REDINREN, Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Arango
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
| | - Olaya Hernandez
- Department of Pediatrics, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
| | - Julián Rodríguez
- Department of Pediatrics, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
| | - Inmaculada Nadal
- Department of Pediatrics, Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra, Pamplona, Navarra, Spain
| | - Virginia Cantos
- Department of Pediatrics, Hospital Infanta Elena, Huelva, Andalucía, Spain
| | - Sara Chocrón
- Department of Pediatrics, Hospital Vall d`Hebron, Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Inés Vergara
- Department of Pediatrics, Hospital Materno-Infantil Teresa Herrera, A Coruña, Galicia, Spain
| | - Álvaro Madrid
- Department of Pediatrics, Hospital Vall d`Hebron, Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carlos Vazquez
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario Insular Materno Infantil, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Canarias, Spain
| | - Luz E González
- Department of Pediatrics, Fundación Cardio Infantil, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Fiona Blanco
- Department of Pediatrics, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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84
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Escobar LI, Simian C, Treard C, Hayek D, Salvador C, Guerra N, Matos M, Medeiros M, Enciso S, Camargo MD, Vargas-Poussou R. Mutations in ATP6V1B1 and ATP6V0A4 genes cause recessive distal renal tubular acidosis in Mexican families. Mol Genet Genomic Med 2016; 4:303-11. [PMID: 27247958 PMCID: PMC4867564 DOI: 10.1002/mgg3.205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2015] [Revised: 12/15/2015] [Accepted: 12/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Autosomal recessive distal renal tubular acidosis (dRTA) is a rare disease characterized by a hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis with normal anion gap, hypokalemia, hypercalciuria, hypocitraturia, nephrocalcinosis, and conserved glomerular filtration rate. In some cases, neurosensorial deafness is associated. dRTA is developed during the first months of life and the main manifestations are failure to thrive, vomiting, dehydration, and anorexia. Methods Nine unrelated families were studied: seven children, a teenager, and an adult with dRTA. Hearing was preserved in four children. Coding regions of the genes responsible for recessive dRTA were analysed by Sanger sequencing. Results Molecular defects were found in the genes ATP6V1B1 and ATP6V0A4. We identified three homozygous variants in ATP6V1B: a frameshift mutation (p.Ile386Hisfs*56), a nucleotide substitution in exon 10 (p.Pro346Arg), and a new splicing mutation in intron 5. Three patients were homozygous for one novel (p.Arg743Trp) and one known (p.Asp411Tyr) missense mutations in the ATP6V0A4 gene. Three patients were compound heterozygous: one proband displayed two novel mutations, the frameshift mutation p.Val52Metfs*25, and a large deletion of exons 18–21; two probands showed the missense mutation p.Asp411Tyr and as a second mutation, p.Arg194Ter and c.1691+2dup, respectively. Conclusion ATP6V0A4 and ATP6V1B1 genes were involved in recessive dRTA of Mexican families. All ATP6V1B1 mutations detected were homozygous and all patients developed sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) early in infancy. ATP6V0A4 mutations were found in one infant and three children without SNHL, and in one teenager and one adult with SNHL confirming the phenotypic variability in this trait. The mutation p.Asp411Tyr detected in four Mexican families was due to a founder effect. Screening of these mutations could provide a rapid and valuable tool for diagnosis of dRTA in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura I Escobar
- Departamento de Fisiología Facultad de Medicina Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Mexico City Mexico
| | | | - Cyrielle Treard
- Département de Génetique Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou Paris France
| | - Donia Hayek
- Département de Génetique Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou Paris France
| | - Carolina Salvador
- Departamento de Fisiología Facultad de Medicina Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Mexico City Mexico
| | - Norma Guerra
- Servicio de Nefrología Hospital General del Centro Médico Nacional La Raza, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS) Mexico City Mexico
| | - Mario Matos
- Servicio de Nefrología Hospital General del Centro Médico Nacional La Raza, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS) Mexico City Mexico
| | - Mara Medeiros
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Nefrología Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez Mexico City Mexico
| | - Sandra Enciso
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Nefrología Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez Mexico City Mexico
| | - María Dolores Camargo
- UMAE Hospital de Especialidades Centro Médico Nacional del Noreste, IMSS No. 25. Monterrey Mexico
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85
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Boualla L, Jdioui W, Soulami K, Ratbi I, Sefiani A. Clinical and molecular findings in three Moroccan families with distal renal tubular acidosis and deafness: Report of a novel mutation of ATP6V1B1 gene. Curr Res Transl Med 2016; 64:5-8. [PMID: 27140593 DOI: 10.1016/j.retram.2016.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2015] [Accepted: 01/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Primary distal renal tubular acidosis (dRTA) is a rare genetic condition characterized by an impaired acid excretion by the intercalated cells in the renal collecting duct. Recessive forms of this disease are caused by mutations in tow major genes: ATP6V1B1 and ATP6V0A4. Causal mutations in ATP6V1B1 gene are classically associated with early sensorineural hearing loss, however cases of tubular acidosis with early deafness have also been described in patients with mutations in the ATP6V0A4 gene. METHODS The phenotype and genotype of three Moroccan consanguineous families with dRTA and deafness were assessed. Molecular analysis was performed by PCR amplification and direct sequencing of exon 12 of ATP6V1B1 gene. RESULTS A novel c.1169dupC frameshift mutation of ATP6V1B1 gene was identified in one family and the c.1155dupC North African mutation in the tow other families. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION In this report, we propose first line genetic testing based on screening of these two mutations both located in exon 12 of ATP6V1B1 gene in Moroccan patients with recessive form of dRTA associated to precocious hearing loss. Molecular diagnosis of dRTA leads to appropriate treatment and prevention of renal failure in affected individuals and to provide genetic counseling for families at risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Boualla
- Centre de génomique humaine, faculté de médecine et de pharmacie, université Mohammed V, Rabat, Morocco; Département de génétique médicale, Institut national d'hygiène, Rabat, Morocco.
| | - W Jdioui
- Centre de génomique humaine, faculté de médecine et de pharmacie, université Mohammed V, Rabat, Morocco; Département de génétique médicale, Institut national d'hygiène, Rabat, Morocco.
| | - K Soulami
- Cabinet of pediatric nephrology, Casablanca, Morocco.
| | - I Ratbi
- Centre de génomique humaine, faculté de médecine et de pharmacie, université Mohammed V, Rabat, Morocco.
| | - A Sefiani
- Centre de génomique humaine, faculté de médecine et de pharmacie, université Mohammed V, Rabat, Morocco; Département de génétique médicale, Institut national d'hygiène, Rabat, Morocco.
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Braun DA, Lawson JA, Gee HY, Halbritter J, Shril S, Tan W, Stein D, Wassner AJ, Ferguson MA, Gucev Z, Fisher B, Spaneas L, Varner J, Sayer JA, Milosevic D, Baum M, Tasic V, Hildebrandt F. Prevalence of Monogenic Causes in Pediatric Patients with Nephrolithiasis or Nephrocalcinosis. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol 2016; 11:664-72. [PMID: 26787776 DOI: 10.2215/cjn.07540715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2015] [Accepted: 12/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Nephrolithiasis is a prevalent condition that affects 10%-15% of adults in their lifetime. It is associated with high morbidity due to colicky pain, the necessity for surgical intervention, and sometimes progression to CKD. In recent years, multiple monogenic causes of nephrolithiasis and nephrocalcinosis have been identified. However, the prevalence of each monogenic gene in a pediatric renal stone cohort has not yet been extensively studied. DESIGN, SETTING, PARTICIPANTS, & MEASUREMENTS To determine the percentage of cases that can be explained molecularly by mutations in one of 30 known nephrolithiasis/nephrocalcinosis genes, we conducted a high-throughput exon sequencing analysis in an international cohort of 143 individuals <18 years of age, with nephrolithiasis (n=123) or isolated nephrocalcinosis (n=20). Over 7 months, all eligible individuals at three renal stone clinics in the United States and Europe were approached for study participation. RESULTS We detected likely causative mutations in 14 of 30 analyzed genes, leading to a molecular diagnosis in 16.8% (24 of 143) of affected individuals; 12 of the 27 detected mutations were not previously described as disease causing (44.4%). We observed that in our cohort all individuals with infantile manifestation of nephrolithiasis or nephrocalcinosis had causative mutations in recessive rather than dominant monogenic genes. In individuals who manifested later in life, causative mutations in dominant genes were more frequent. CONCLUSIONS We present the first exclusively pediatric cohort examined for monogenic causes of nephrolithiasis/nephrocalcinosis, and suggest that important therapeutic and preventative measures may result from mutational analysis in individuals with early manifestation of nephrolithiasis or nephrocalcinosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Heon Yung Gee
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine and Department of Pharmacology, Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Sciences, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jan Halbritter
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine and Division of Endocrinology/Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, University Clinic Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | | | - Weizhen Tan
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine and
| | | | - Ari J Wassner
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | - Zoran Gucev
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Medical Faculty Skopje, University Children's Hospital, Skopje, Macedonia
| | | | | | | | - John A Sayer
- Institute of Genetic Medicine, International Centre for Life, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Danko Milosevic
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation, Clinical Hospital Center Zagreb, University of Zagreb Medical School, Zagreb, Croatia; and
| | | | - Velibor Tasic
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Medical Faculty Skopje, University Children's Hospital, Skopje, Macedonia
| | - Friedhelm Hildebrandt
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, Maryland
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87
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Vivante A, Hildebrandt F. Exploring the genetic basis of early-onset chronic kidney disease. Nat Rev Nephrol 2016; 12:133-46. [PMID: 26750453 DOI: 10.1038/nrneph.2015.205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 218] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
The primary causes of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in children differ from those of CKD in adults. In the USA the most common diagnostic groups of renal disease that manifest before the age of 25 years are congenital anomalies of the kidneys and urinary tract, steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome, chronic glomerulonephritis and renal cystic ciliopathies, which together encompass >70% of early-onset CKD diagnoses. Findings from the past decade suggest that early-onset CKD is caused by mutations in any one of over 200 different monogenic genes. Developments in high-throughput sequencing in the past few years has rendered identification of causative mutations in this high number of genes feasible. Use of genetic analyses in patients with early onset-CKD will provide patients and their families with a molecular genetic diagnosis, generate new insights into disease mechanisms, facilitate aetiology-based classifications of patient cohorts for clinical studies, and might have consequences for personalized approaches to the prevention and treatment of CKD. In this Review, we discuss the implications of next-generation sequencing in clinical genetic diagnostics and the discovery of novel genes in early-onset CKD. We also delineate the resulting opportunities for deciphering disease mechanisms and the therapeutic implications of these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asaf Vivante
- Department of Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.,Talpiot Medical Leadership Program, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer 52621, Israel
| | - Friedhelm Hildebrandt
- Department of Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
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Pereira PCB, Melo FM, De Marco LAC, Oliveira EA, Miranda DM, Simões e Silva AC. Whole-exome sequencing as a diagnostic tool for distal renal tubular acidosis. J Pediatr (Rio J) 2015. [PMID: 26208211 DOI: 10.1016/j.jped.2015.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Distal renal tubular acidosis (dRTA) is characterized by metabolic acidosis due to impaired renal acid excretion. The aim of this study was to demonstrate the genetic diagnosis of four children with dRTA through use of whole-exome sequencing. METHODS Two unrelated families were selected; a total of four children with dRTA and their parents, in order to perform whole-exome sequencing. Hearing was preserved in both children from the first family, but not in the second, wherein a twin pair had severe deafness. Whole-exome sequencing was performed in two pooled samples and findings were confirmed with Sanger sequencing method. RESULTS Two mutations were identified in the ATP6V0A4 and ATP6V1B1 genes. In the first family, a novel mutation in the exon 13 of the ATP6V0A4 gene with a single nucleotide change GAC → TAC (c.1232G>T) was found, which caused a substitution of aspartic acid to tyrosine in position 411. In the second family, a homozygous recurrent mutation with one base-pair insertion (c.1149_1155insC) in exon 12 of the ATP6V1B1 gene was detected. CONCLUSION These results confirm the value of whole-exome sequencing for the study of rare and complex genetic nephropathies, allowing the identification of novel and recurrent mutations. Furthermore, for the first time the application of this molecular method in renal tubular diseases has been clearly demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Cristina Barros Pereira
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia - Medicina Molecular (INCT-MM), Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Flávia Medeiros Melo
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia - Medicina Molecular (INCT-MM), Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Luiz Armando Cunha De Marco
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia - Medicina Molecular (INCT-MM), Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil; Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Araújo Oliveira
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia - Medicina Molecular (INCT-MM), Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil; Department of Pediatrics, Unit of Pediatric Nephrology, Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Medical Investigation, Faculty of Medicine, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Débora Marques Miranda
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia - Medicina Molecular (INCT-MM), Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil; Department of Pediatrics, Unit of Pediatric Nephrology, Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Medical Investigation, Faculty of Medicine, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Ana Cristina Simões e Silva
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia - Medicina Molecular (INCT-MM), Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil; Department of Pediatrics, Unit of Pediatric Nephrology, Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Medical Investigation, Faculty of Medicine, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
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89
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Whole‐exome sequencing as a diagnostic tool for distal renal tubular acidosis. JORNAL DE PEDIATRIA (VERSÃO EM PORTUGUÊS) 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpedp.2015.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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90
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Dhayat NA, Schaller A, Albano G, Poindexter J, Griffith C, Pasch A, Gallati S, Vogt B, Moe OW, Fuster DG. The Vacuolar H+-ATPase B1 Subunit Polymorphism p.E161K Associates with Impaired Urinary Acidification in Recurrent Stone Formers. J Am Soc Nephrol 2015; 27:1544-54. [PMID: 26453614 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2015040367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2015] [Accepted: 09/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in the vacuolar-type H(+)-ATPase B1 subunit gene ATP6V1B1 cause autosomal-recessive distal renal tubular acidosis (dRTA). We previously identified a single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in the human B1 subunit (c.481G>A; p.E161K) that causes greatly diminished pump function in vitro To investigate the effect of this SNP on urinary acidification, we conducted a genotype-phenotype analysis of recurrent stone formers in the Dallas and Bern kidney stone registries. Of 555 patients examined, 32 (5.8%) were heterozygous for the p.E161K SNP, and the remaining 523 (94.2%) carried two wild-type alleles. After adjustment for sex, age, body mass index, and dietary acid and alkali intake, p.E161K SNP carriers had a nonsignificant tendency to higher urinary pH on a random diet (6.31 versus 6.09; P=0.09). Under an instructed low-Ca and low-Na diet, urinary pH was higher in p.E161K SNP carriers (6.56 versus 6.01; P<0.01). Kidney stones of p.E161K carriers were more likely to contain calcium phosphate than stones of wild-type patients. In acute NH4Cl loading, p.E161K carriers displayed a higher trough urinary pH (5.34 versus 4.89; P=0.01) than wild-type patients. Overall, 14.6% of wild-type patients and 52.4% of p.E161K carriers were unable to acidify their urine below pH 5.3 and thus, can be considered to have incomplete dRTA. In summary, our data indicate that recurrent stone formers with the vacuolar H(+)-ATPase B1 subunit p.E161K SNP exhibit a urinary acidification deficit with an increased prevalence of calcium phosphate-containing kidney stones. The burden of E161K heterozygosity may be a forme fruste of dRTA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasser A Dhayat
- Swiss National Centres of Competence in Research Kidney.CH and TransCure and Divisions of Nephrology, Hypertension and Clinical Pharmacology, Clinical Research, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Switzerland; and
| | - Andre Schaller
- Clinical Research, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Switzerland; and Human Genetics, and Departments of Pediatrics and
| | - Giuseppe Albano
- Swiss National Centres of Competence in Research Kidney.CH and TransCure and Divisions of Nephrology, Hypertension and Clinical Pharmacology, Clinical Research, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Switzerland; and Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - John Poindexter
- Charles and Jane Pak Center of Mineral Metabolism and Clinical Research, and
| | - Carolyn Griffith
- Charles and Jane Pak Center of Mineral Metabolism and Clinical Research, and
| | - Andreas Pasch
- Swiss National Centres of Competence in Research Kidney.CH and TransCure and Divisions of Nephrology, Hypertension and Clinical Pharmacology, Clinical Research, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Switzerland; and
| | - Sabina Gallati
- Clinical Research, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Switzerland; and Human Genetics, and Departments of Pediatrics and
| | - Bruno Vogt
- Swiss National Centres of Competence in Research Kidney.CH and TransCure and Divisions of Nephrology, Hypertension and Clinical Pharmacology, Clinical Research, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Switzerland; and
| | - Orson W Moe
- Charles and Jane Pak Center of Mineral Metabolism and Clinical Research, and Departments of Internal Medicine and Physiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Daniel G Fuster
- Swiss National Centres of Competence in Research Kidney.CH and TransCure and Divisions of Nephrology, Hypertension and Clinical Pharmacology, Clinical Research, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Switzerland; and Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland;
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Abstract
The H(+) concentration in human blood is kept within very narrow limits, ~40 nmol/L, despite the fact that dietary metabolism generates acid and base loads that are added to the systemic circulation throughout the life of mammals. One of the primary functions of the kidney is to maintain the constancy of systemic acid-base chemistry. The kidney has evolved the capacity to regulate blood acidity by performing three key functions: (i) reabsorb HCO3(-) that is filtered through the glomeruli to prevent its excretion in the urine; (ii) generate a sufficient quantity of new HCO3(-) to compensate for the loss of HCO3(-) resulting from dietary metabolic H(+) loads and loss of HCO3(-) in the urea cycle; and (iii) excrete HCO3(-) (or metabolizable organic anions) following a systemic base load. The ability of the kidney to perform these functions requires that various cell types throughout the nephron respond to changes in acid-base chemistry by modulating specific ion transport and/or metabolic processes in a coordinated fashion such that the urine and renal vein chemistry is altered appropriately. The purpose of the article is to provide the interested reader with a broad review of a field that began historically ~60 years ago with whole animal studies, and has evolved to where we are currently addressing questions related to kidney acid-base regulation at the single protein structure/function level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ira Kurtz
- Division of Nephrology, David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA; Brain Research Institute, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA
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92
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Norgett EE, Yii A, Blake-Palmer KG, Sharifian M, Allen LE, Najafi A, Kariminejad A, Karet Frankl FE. A role for VAX2 in correct retinal function revealed by a novel genomic deletion at 2p13.3 causing distal Renal Tubular Acidosis: case report. BMC MEDICAL GENETICS 2015; 16:38. [PMID: 26068435 PMCID: PMC4630852 DOI: 10.1186/s12881-015-0182-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2015] [Accepted: 05/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Background Distal Renal Tubular Acidosis is a disorder of acid-base regulation caused by functional failure of α-intercalated cells in the distal nephron. The recessive form of the disease (which is usually associated with sensorineural deafness) is attributable to mutations in ATP6V1B1 or ATP6V0A4, which encode the tissue-restricted B1 and a4 subunits of the renal apical H+-ATPase. ATP6V1B1 lies adjacent to the gene encoding the homeobox domain protein VAX2, at 2p13.3. To date, no human phenotype has been associated with VAX2 mutations. Case presentation The male Caucasian proband, born of a first cousin marriage, presented at 2 months with failure to thrive, vomiting and poor urine output. No anatomical problems were identified, but investigation revealed hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis with inappropriately alkaline urine and bilateral nephrocalcinosis. Distal Renal Tubular Acidosis was diagnosed and audiometry confirmed hearing loss at 2 years. ATP6V0A4 was excluded from genetic causation by intragenic SNP linkage analysis, but ATP6V1B1 completely failed to PCR-amplify in the patient, suggesting a genomic deletion. Successful amplification of DNA flanking ATP6V1B1 facilitated systematic chromosome walking to ascertain that the proband harbored a homozygous deletion at 2p13.3 encompassing all of ATP6V1B1 and part of VAX2; gene dosage was halved in the parents. This results in the complete deletion of ATP6V1B1 and disruption of the VAX2 open reading frame. Later ocular examinations revealed bilateral rod / cone photoreceptor dystrophy and mild optic atrophy. Similar changes were not detected in an adult harbouring a disruptive mutation in ATP6V1B1. Conclusions The genomic deletion reported here is firstly, the only reported example of a whole gene deletion to underlie Distal Renal Tubular Acidosis, where the clinical phenotype is indistinguishable from that of other patients with ATP6V1B1 mutations; secondly, this is the first reported example of a human VAX2 mutation and associated ocular phenotype, supporting speculation in the literature that VAX2 is important for correct retinal functioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth E Norgett
- Departments of Medical Genetics, Renal Medicine and Ophthalmology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK. .,Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Box 139, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 0XY, UK.
| | - Anthony Yii
- Departments of Medical Genetics, Renal Medicine and Ophthalmology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
| | - Katherine G Blake-Palmer
- Departments of Medical Genetics, Renal Medicine and Ophthalmology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK. .,Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Box 139, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 0XY, UK.
| | - Mostafa Sharifian
- Pediatric Nephrology Research Center, Pediatric Infections Research Centre (PIRC), Shaheed Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Louise E Allen
- Departments of Medical Genetics, Renal Medicine and Ophthalmology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
| | | | | | - Fiona E Karet Frankl
- Departments of Medical Genetics, Renal Medicine and Ophthalmology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK. .,Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Box 139, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 0XY, UK.
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Roy A, Al-bataineh MM, Pastor-Soler NM. Collecting duct intercalated cell function and regulation. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol 2015; 10:305-24. [PMID: 25632105 DOI: 10.2215/cjn.08880914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Intercalated cells are kidney tubule epithelial cells with important roles in the regulation of acid-base homeostasis. However, in recent years the understanding of the function of the intercalated cell has become greatly enhanced and has shaped a new model for how the distal segments of the kidney tubule integrate salt and water reabsorption, potassium homeostasis, and acid-base status. These cells appear in the late distal convoluted tubule or in the connecting segment, depending on the species. They are most abundant in the collecting duct, where they can be detected all the way from the cortex to the initial part of the inner medulla. Intercalated cells are interspersed among the more numerous segment-specific principal cells. There are three types of intercalated cells, each having distinct structures and expressing different ensembles of transport proteins that translate into very different functions in the processing of the urine. This review includes recent findings on how intercalated cells regulate their intracellular milieu and contribute to acid-base regulation and sodium, chloride, and potassium homeostasis, thus highlighting their potential role as targets for the treatment of hypertension. Their novel regulation by paracrine signals in the collecting duct is also discussed. Finally, this article addresses their role as part of the innate immune system of the kidney tubule.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankita Roy
- Renal-Electrolyte Division, Department of Medicine; and
| | | | - Núria M Pastor-Soler
- Renal-Electrolyte Division, Department of Medicine; and Department of Cell Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania A.R. and M.M.A. contributed equally to this work.
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Kumar PS, Venkatesh K, Sowjenya G, Srikanth L, Sunitha MM, Prasad UV, Swarupa V, Yeswanth S, Naveen PSR, Sridhar A, Kumar VS, Sarma PVGK. Mutations in exons 3 and 7 resulting in truncated expression of human ATP6V1B1 gene showing structural variations contributing to poor substrate binding-causative reason for distal renal tubular acidosis with sensorineural deafness. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2015; 33:2094-103. [PMID: 25517796 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2014.999704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Distal renal tubular acidosis (dRTA) is an autosomal recessive syndrome results defect in either proximal tubule bicarbonate reabsorption or in distal tubule H(+) secretion and is characterized by severe hyperchloraemic metabolic acidosis in childhood. dRTA is associated with functional variations in the ATP6V1B1 gene encoding β1 subunit of H(+)-ATPase, key membrane transporters for net acid excretion of α-intercalated cells of medullary collecting ducts. In the present study, a 13-year-old male patient suffering with nephropathy and sensorineural deafness was reported in the Department of Nephrology. We predicted improper functioning of ATP6V1B1 gene could be the reason for diseased condition. Therefore, exons 3, 4, and 7 contributing active site of ATP6V1B1 gene was amplified and sequenced (Accession numbers: KF571726, KM222653). The obtained sequences were BLAST searched against the wild type ATP6V1B1 gene which showed novel mutations c.307 A > G, c.308 C > A, c.310 C > G, c.704 T > C, c.705 G > T, c.709 A > G, c.710 A > G, c.714 G > A, c.716 C > A, c.717delC, c.722 C > G, c.728insG, c.741insT, c.753G > C. These mutations resulted in the expression of truncated protein terminating at Lys 209. The mutated ATP6V1B1structure superimposed with wild type showed extensive variations with RMSD 1.336 Å and could not bind to substrate ADP leading to non-functional ATPase. These results conclusively explain these mutations in ATP6V1B1 gene resulted in structural changes causing accumulation of H(+) ions contributing to dRTA with sensorineural deafness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pasupuleti Santhosh Kumar
- a Department of Biotechnology , Sri Venkateswara Institute of Medical Sciences , Tirupati , AP 517507 , India
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Nagara M, Voskarides K, Elouej S, Zaravinos A, Riahi Z, Papagregoriou G, Kefi R, Boussetta K, Deltas C, Abdelhak S, Tinsa F. A novel splice-site mutation in ATP6V0A4 gene in two brothers with distal renal tubular acidosis from a consanguineous Tunisian family. J Genet 2015; 93:859-63. [PMID: 25572248 DOI: 10.1007/s12041-014-0450-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Majdi Nagara
- LR11IPT05, Laboratoire de Génomique Biomédicale et Oncogénétique, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, 1002, Université de Tunis El Manar, 1068 Tunis, Tunisia.
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96
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Zhang C, Ren H, Shen P, Xu Y, Zhang W, Wang W, Li X, Ma Y, Chen N. Clinical evaluation of Chinese patients with primary distal renal tubular acidosis. Intern Med 2015; 54:725-30. [PMID: 25832932 DOI: 10.2169/internalmedicine.54.9421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Distal renal tubular acidosis (dRTA) is a hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis disorder characterized by a normal anion gap with abnormal urinary hydrogen (H(+)) excretion. At present, there are few available reports regarding the clinical status of primary dRTA. The primary objective of this study was to analyze the clinical features and outcomes of primary dRTA. METHODS This was a retrospective study performed in patients with primary dRTA who were hospitalized at Ruijin Hospital between March 1996 and July 2009; the clinical features of these patients were analyzed. RESULTS This study included 95 consecutive inpatients: 40 men (42.11%) and 55 women (57.89%). Among them, 60 had hypokalemia (63.12%), 29 had complete dRTA and 66 had incomplete dRTA. The mean urine calcium levels of the patients with and without urinary lithiasis were 0.10±0.04 and 0.07±0.05 mmol/24 h・kg, respectively (p=0.04). The blood pH values of the patients with and those without bone disease were 7.37±0.06 and 7.32±0.06, respectively (p=0.01). A total of 8.33% (8/27) of the patients had tubular proteinuria. CONCLUSION Hypokalemia is the most common clinical manifestation of primary dRTA. Primary dRTA can also be accompanied by proximal tubular dysfunction. Controlling the urine calcium and citrate levels is crucial for the treatment of nephrocalcinosis and/or nephrolithiasis, while restoring the blood pH to the normal level is essential for controlling bone disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunli Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai Ruijin Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University, School of Medicine, China
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97
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Renal acid-base regulation: new insights from animal models. Pflugers Arch 2014; 467:1623-41. [PMID: 25515081 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-014-1669-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2014] [Revised: 12/02/2014] [Accepted: 12/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Because majority of biological processes are dependent on pH, maintaining systemic acid-base balance is critical. The kidney contributes to systemic acid-base regulation, by reabsorbing HCO3 (-) (both filtered by glomeruli and generated within a nephron) and acidifying urine. Abnormalities in those processes will eventually lead to a disruption in systemic acid-base balance and provoke metabolic acid-base disorders. Research over the past 30 years advanced our understanding on cellular and molecular mechanisms responsible for those processes. In particular, a variety of transgenic animal models, where target genes are deleted either globally or conditionally, provided significant insights into how specific transporters are contributing to the renal acid-base regulation. Here, we broadly overview the mechanisms of renal ion transport participating to acid-base regulation, with emphasis on data obtained from transgenic mice models.
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98
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Nagara M, Voskarides K, Nouira S, Ben Halim N, Kefi R, Aloulou H, Romdhane L, Ben Abdallah R, Ben Rhouma F, Aissa K, Boughamoura L, Kammoun T, Azzouz H, Abroug S, Ben Turkia H, Ayadi A, Mrad R, Chabchoub I, Hachicha M, Chemli J, Deltas C, Abdelhak S. Molecular investigation of distal renal tubular acidosis in Tunisia, evidence for founder mutations. Genet Test Mol Biomarkers 2014; 18:741-8. [PMID: 25285676 DOI: 10.1089/gtmb.2014.0175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Distal renal tubular acidosis (dRTA) is a rare genetic disease caused by mutations in different genes involved in the secretion of H+ ions in the intercalated cells of the collecting duct. Both autosomal dominant and recessive forms have been described; the latter is also associated with sensorineural hearing loss. METHODS Twenty-two Tunisian families were analyzed for mutations in the ATP6V1B1 and ATP6V0A4 genes by direct sequencing. Dating of the founder mutations was performed. RESULTS Two founder mutations in the ATP6V1B1 gene were found in 16/27 dRTA cases. The p.Ile386Hisfs*56 founder mutation was estimated to be older than 2400 years and no correlations were found with deafness. For the remaining patients, two mutations in the ATP6V0A4 gene, one of them being novel, were found in three Tunisian cases. The presence of a heterozygous missense mutation p.T30I, of the ATP6V1B1 gene, was identified in six patients, while no mutations of the second gene were detected. No deleterious mutations of either ATP6V1B1 or ATP6V0A were found for the two probands. CONCLUSION Our study gives evidence of phenotypic and genotypic heterogeneity of dRTA in the Tunisian population. Five different mutations were found, two of them were due to a founder effect, and screening of these mutations could provide a rapid and valuable tool for diagnosis of dRTA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Majdi Nagara
- 1 Biomedical Genomics and Oncogenetics Laboratory LR11IPT05, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Université Tunis El Manar , Tunis, Tunisia
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Zhang J, Fuster DG, Cameron MA, Quiñones H, Griffith C, Xie XS, Moe OW. Incomplete distal renal tubular acidosis from a heterozygous mutation of the V-ATPase B1 subunit. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2014; 307:F1063-71. [PMID: 25164082 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00408.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Congenital distal renal tubular acidosis (RTA) from mutations of the B1 subunit of V-ATPase is considered an autosomal recessive disease. We analyzed a distal RTA kindred with a truncation mutation of B1 (p.Phe468fsX487) previously shown to have failure of assembly into the V1 domain of V-ATPase. All heterozygous carriers in this kindred have normal plasma HCO3- concentrations and thus evaded the diagnosis of RTA. However, inappropriately high urine pH, hypocitraturia, and hypercalciuria were present either individually or in combination in the heterozygotes at baseline. Two of the heterozygotes studied also had inappropriate urinary acidification with acute ammonium chloride loading and an impaired urine-blood Pco2 gradient during bicarbonaturia, indicating the presence of a H+ gradient and flux defects. In normal human renal papillae, wild-type B1 is located primarily on the plasma membrane, but papilla from one of the heterozygote who had kidney stones but not nephrocalcinosis showed B1 in both the plasma membrane as well as diffuse intracellular staining. Titration of increasing amounts of the mutant B1 subunit did not exhibit negative dominance over the expression, cellular distribution, or H+ pump activity of wild-type B1 in mammalian human embryonic kidney-293 cells and in V-ATPase-deficient Saccharomyces cerevisiae. This is the first demonstration of renal acidification defects and nephrolithiasis in heterozygous carriers of a mutant B1 subunit that cannot be attributable to negative dominance. We propose that heterozygosity may lead to mild real acidification defects due to haploinsufficiency. B1 heterozygosity should be considered in patients with calcium nephrolithiasis and urinary abnormalities such as alkalinuria or hypocitraturia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianning Zhang
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Daniel G Fuster
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension and Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Inselspital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Mary Ann Cameron
- Charles and Jane Pak Center of Mineral Metabolism and Clinical Research, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas; Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Henry Quiñones
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Carolyn Griffith
- Charles and Jane Pak Center of Mineral Metabolism and Clinical Research, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Xiao-Song Xie
- McDermott Center of Human Development, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas; and
| | - Orson W Moe
- Charles and Jane Pak Center of Mineral Metabolism and Clinical Research, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas; Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas; Department of Physiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas;
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Gao Y, Xu Y, Li Q, Lang Y, Dong Q, Shao L. Mutation analysis and audiologic assessment in six Chinese children with primary distal renal tubular acidosis. Ren Fail 2014; 36:1226-32. [DOI: 10.3109/0886022x.2014.930332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
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